TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing liver cancer--global control of aflatoxin AN - 17424948; 4646094 AB - Liver cancer is an important public health problem, ranking fifth in frequency of cancers worldwide with 427,000 deaths in 1990. Incidence rates in developing countries are estimated to be approximately 2 to 10 times those in developed countries; 76% of cases are found in Asia. There are many risk factors for liver cancer, including exposure to hepatitis B or C (HBV or HCV) and aflatoxins. Recently, a United Nations organization, the Codex Alimentarius, requested a quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the health risk posed by aflatoxin-contaminated foods moving in world trade. This represented the first time such an approach was used at an international level. This assessment also addressed how different worldwide population incidences of hepatitis B affect these risk and the international regulatory and public health implications of the assessment. Analysis of the conclusions of the report and its impact on policies affecting world trade indicate the challenges of using science to implement public policy. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Henry, SH AU - Bosch, F X AU - Troxell, T C AU - Bolger, P M AD - Cent. for Food Saf. and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Amin., Washington, DC 20204, USA, SHenry@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/24/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 24 SP - 2453 EP - 2454 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 286 IS - 5449 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - hepatitis KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food contamination KW - Cancer KW - Mycotoxins KW - Liver KW - Developing countries KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17424948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Reducing+liver+cancer--global+control+of+aflatoxin&rft.au=Henry%2C+SH%3BBosch%2C+F+X%3BTroxell%2C+T+C%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1999-12-24&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=5449&rft.spage=2453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.286.5449.2453 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Cancer; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Mortality; Developing countries; Mycotoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5449.2453 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hprt mutant frequency and molecular analysis of Hprt mutations in rats treated with mutagenic carcinogens. AN - 69409530; 10636003 AB - Much of the progress in the field of cancer research has come from the increased understanding of the molecular events associated with the initiation and accumulation of mutational events associated with carcinogenesis. Genetic toxicologists have developed a number of in vitro and in vivo non-mammalian and mammalian systems to predict those genetic events required to induce the cancer process. Several model rodent systems have been proposed that have the ability to detect and quantify in vivo somatic mutation in endogenous genes and transgenes and relate the nature of the mutation to the specific type of chemical damage. One such system, the rat lymphocyte hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) assay is described in this review. Data are presented that describe mutant induction and mutational spectra in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) and thiotepa (TEPA) treated rats. JF - Mutation research AU - Casciano, D A AU - Aidoo, A AU - Chen, T AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Heflich, R H AD - National Cancer for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. dcasciano@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 17 SP - 389 EP - 395 VL - 431 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Thiotepa KW - 905Z5W3GKH KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Triethylenephosphoramide KW - GL19M2KE52 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Rats KW - Thiotepa -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Culture Techniques -- methods KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Triethylenephosphoramide -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69409530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Hprt+mutant+frequency+and+molecular+analysis+of+Hprt+mutations+in+rats+treated+with+mutagenic+carcinogens.&rft.au=Casciano%2C+D+A%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BChen%2C+T%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Casciano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-17&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence specificity of Hprt lymphocyte mutation in rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene. AN - 69419980; 10656495 AB - Rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) have a low, but significantly increased, frequency of lymphocyte Hprt mutants. In this study, mutants from 2-AAF-fed and control F344 rats were examined for mutations in the Hprt gene in order to determine if the 2-AAF treatment resulted in an agent-specific mutation profile. The most common mutation from 2-AAF-treated rats was G:C-->T:A transversion (32% of all mutations) followed by 1-basepair (bp) deletion (19%); there were very few (5%) G:C-->A:T transitions. Among mutations from control rats, G:C-->A:T transition was the most common (43%), and there were very few G:C-->T:A transversions (5%) and no 1-bp deletions. The profile of mutations from 2-AAF-fed rats was significantly different from control rats (P = 0.003) and was consistent with the types of mutations produced by 2-AAF in vitro. The results of this study indicate that even weak mutational responses in the lymphocyte Hprt assay are capable of producing mutation profiles that reflect the DNA damage inducing them. JF - Mutation research AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Smith, B A AU - Chen, T AU - Beland, F A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rmittelst@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 16 SP - 167 EP - 173 VL - 431 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- administration & dosage KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Mutation KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69419980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Sequence+specificity+of+Hprt+lymphocyte+mutation+in+rats+fed+the+hepatocarcinogen+2-acetylaminofluorene.&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BChen%2C+T%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-16&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recurrent injury event-time analysis. AN - 69372787; 10602157 AB - Public health decision making based on data sources that are characterized by a lack of independence and other complicating factors requires the development of innovative statistical techniques. Studies of injuries in occupational cohorts require methods to account for recurrent injuries to workers over time and the temporary removal of workers from the 'risk set' while recuperating. In this study, the times until injury events are modelled in an occupational cohort of employees in a large power utility company where employees are susceptible to recurrent events. The injury history over a ten-year period is used to compare the hazards of specific jobs, adjusted for age when first hired, and race/ethnicity differences. Subject-specific random effects and multiple event-times are accommodated through the application of frailty models which characterize the dependence of recurrent events over time. The counting process formulation of the proportional hazards regression model is used to estimate the effects of covariates for subjects with discontinuous intervals of risk. In this application, subjects are not at risk of injury during recovery periods or other illness, changes in jobs, or other reasons. Previous applications of proportional hazards regression in frailty models have not needed to account for the changing composition of the risk set which is required to adequately model occupational injury data. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Wassell, J T AU - Wojciechowski, W C AU - Landen, D D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. jtw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 3355 EP - 3363 VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Recurrence KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Power Plants KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69372787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Recurrent+injury+event-time+analysis.&rft.au=Wassell%2C+J+T%3BWojciechowski%2C+W+C%3BLanden%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Wassell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational analysis of avidity and fine specificity of anti-levan antibodies. AN - 69333350; 10586066 AB - Using the polyfructose, bacterial levan, as a model polysaccharide, we analyzed how V regions affect binding in anti-polysaccharide mAbs. Previously, panels of mAb were constructed from bacterial levan-immunized BALB/c and CBA/Ca mice. The BALB/c mAb were mostly germline VHJ606:Vkappa11, and a subset contained presumed somatic mutations in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) that correlated with increases in avidity for the beta(2-->1) inulin linkage of levan. The CBA/Ca mAb were more heterogeneous in V gene usage, but a subset of inulin-nonreactive mAb were VHJ606:Vlambda and had VH sequence differences in the CDRs from the VHJ606 regions of the BALB/c mAb. In this report, VHJ606 Abs containing various combinations of specifically mutated H and L chains were produced by engineered transfectants and tested for inulin avidity and levan binding. Two presumed somatic mutations seen in CDRs of the BALB/c hybridomas were shown to directly cause marked increases in avidity for inulin (VH N53H, 9-fold; VL N53I, 20-fold; together, 46-fold) but not for beta(2-->6) levan. Exchange of either positions 50 or 53 in VH or the H3 loop between the BALB/c and CBA/Ca mAb resulted in either fine specificity shift or total loss of bacterial levan binding. Three-dimensional models of the V regions suggested that residues that affect binding to inulin alone are near the edge of the CDR surface, while residues involved with binding both forms of levan and affecting fine specificity are in the VH:VL junctional area. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Brorson, K AU - Thompson, C AU - Wei, G AU - Krasnokutsky, M AU - Stein, K E AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Brorson@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 6694 EP - 6701 VL - 163 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Fructans KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial KW - Inulin KW - 9005-80-5 KW - levan KW - 9013-95-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains -- chemistry KW - Hybridomas KW - Models, Molecular KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains -- genetics KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains -- metabolism KW - Inulin -- immunology KW - Mice, Inbred CBA KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- genetics KW - Inulin -- metabolism KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Fructans -- immunology KW - Antibody Affinity -- genetics KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- metabolism KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- genetics KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- metabolism KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- chemistry KW - Antibody Specificity -- genetics KW - Fructans -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69333350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stress+and+Health%3A+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Investigation+of+Stress&rft.atitle=Latent+classes+of+resilience+and+psychological+response+among+only%E2%80%90child+loss+parents+in+china&rft.au=Wang%2C+An%E2%80%90ni%3BZhang%2C+Wen%3BZhang%2C+Jing%E2%80%90ping%3BHuang%2C+Fei%E2%80%90fei%3BYe%2C+Man%3BYao%2C+Shu%E2%80%90yu%3BLuo%2C+Yuan%E2%80%90hui%3BLi%2C+Zhi%E2%80%90hua%3BZhang%2C+Jie%3BSu%2C+Pan&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=An%E2%80%90ni&rft.date=2016-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Stress+and+Health%3A+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Investigation+of+Stress&rft.issn=15323005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fsmi.2715 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF132845; GENBANK; AF132846; AF132844; AF132848; AF132847 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reevaluation of nucleotide sequences of wild-type and attenuated polioviruses of type 3 AN - 17403206; 4632139 AB - Published sequences of wild-type and attenuated Sabin strains of type 3 poliovirus (Leon/37 and Leon 12a sub(1)b) were derived from cDNA clones. Recent direct sequencing of Sabin 3 RNA showed that it differed from the published sequence in at least two sites. Here results of direct sequencing of genomes of three independently re-derived sub-strains of attenuated Sabin 3 poliovirus used for oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) production in addition to the most widely used Pfizer sub-strain are reported. The results showed that all four sub-strains of attenuated type 3 poliovirus contain unique patterns of mutations. Two stocks of the wild-type progenitor Leon /37 strain were also sequenced. Analysis of the two samples of Leon /37 virus showed that one of them is much closer to the Sabin 3 strain, and is an intermediate product of the attenuation process. In addition, we created genetically engineered constructs which contained some of the mutations suspected for their possible role in neurovirulence, and tested them in monkeys and in transgenic mice sensitive to poliovirus. The results suggested that none of them increased neurovirulence of the virus, but some may improve virus replication. Therefore the only mutation occurring in Sabin 3 under vaccine production conditions that appears to affect neurovirulence of the virus is the well known U arrow right C reversion at nucleotide 472. JF - Virus Research AU - Rezapkin, G V AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-470, 1401 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD USA Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 111 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1702, 0168-1702 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genomes KW - Poliovirus KW - Attenuation KW - Vaccines KW - Mutation KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - A 01096:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17403206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Research&rft.atitle=Reevaluation+of+nucleotide+sequences+of+wild-type+and+attenuated+polioviruses+of+type+3&rft.au=Rezapkin%2C+G+V&rft.aulast=Rezapkin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+Research&rft.issn=01681702&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1702%2899%2900108-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poliovirus; Vaccines; Attenuation; Mutation; Genomes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00108-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell density dependent acid sensitivity in stationary phase cultures of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 17400224; 4632218 AB - Escherichia coli O157:H7, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, can survive in a highly acidic environment. The acid resistance of this organism, as measured by its ability to survive in low pH, depended on the density of the cells present during the assay. At low cell densities ( less than or equal to 2 x 10 super(7) ml super(-1)), about 100% of the stationary phase cells survived in Luria broth pH 2.5 at 37 degree C for at least 7 h. The same cultures at high cell densities (2-5 x 10 super(9) ml super(-1)) were about 1000-fold more sensitive under identical conditions. Exponential phase cultures did not exhibit the cell density effect. The increased acid sensitivity at high cell densities was absent in the stationary phase cultures of a rpoS mutant (rpoS::pRR10) of an E. coli O157:H7 strain. Cell density dependent acid sensitivity of the stationary phase cultures was also observed in other enterohemorrhagic E. coli and Shigella strains. The increased acid sensitivity at high cell densities was absent in Gram-positive organisms. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Datta, A R AD - Center For Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, S.W. Washington, DC USA Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 289 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier VL - 181 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Acids KW - Hemolytic uremic syndrome KW - Cell density KW - Escherichia coli KW - Cell culture KW - Acidity KW - Colitis KW - pH effects KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Journal+of+Clinical+Psychology&rft.atitle=Latent+classes+of+resilience+and+their+depression+difference+of+only-child+loss+people&rft.au=Wang%2C+An-ni%3BZhang%2C+Wen%3BYao%2C+Shu-yu%3BLuo%2C+Yuan-hui%3BLi%2C+Zhi-hua%3BZhang%2C+Jing-ping&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=An-ni&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chinese+Journal+of+Clinical+Psychology&rft.issn=10053611&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH effects; Acidity; Cell density; Cell culture; Hemolytic uremic syndrome; Colitis; Acids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00532-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute ibogaine injection induces expression of the immediate early genes, egr-1 and c-fos, in mouse brain. AN - 69414257; 10640697 AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate if an acute injection of ibogaine (IBO) induces immediate early gene expression in different regions of mouse brain. Adult male C57 mice received a single injection of IBO and were perfused transcardially with 1% paraformaldehyde 30 min after the drug administration. A single injection of IBO produced a significant increase of egr-1 messenger RNA induction in nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate-putamen (CPu), frontal cortex (FCx), septum, dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region of hippocampus, whereas c-fos gene was induced in CPu, FCx, DG, septum and CA1 region of hippocampus. This gene expression may be due, in part, to the stimulant properties of IBO, as we found with other psychostimulants. JF - Brain research. Molecular brain research AU - Ali, S F AU - Thiriet, N AU - Zwiller, J AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/10/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 10 SP - 237 EP - 241 VL - 74 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-328X, 0169-328X KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Early Growth Response Protein 1 KW - Egr1 protein, mouse KW - Hallucinogens KW - Immediate-Early Proteins KW - RNA Probes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Transcription Factors KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Septum of Brain -- drug effects KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - Dentate Gyrus -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Septum of Brain -- metabolism KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Dentate Gyrus -- drug effects KW - Putamen -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Frontal Lobe -- metabolism KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Putamen -- drug effects KW - Hallucinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Immediate-Early -- genetics KW - Genes, fos -- genetics KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Ibogaine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69414257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research.+Molecular+brain+research&rft.atitle=Acute+ibogaine+injection+induces+expression+of+the+immediate+early+genes%2C+egr-1+and+c-fos%2C+in+mouse+brain.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BThiriet%2C+N%3BZwiller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-10&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research.+Molecular+brain+research&rft.issn=0169328X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of reactive oxygen species and p53 in chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis. AN - 69309119; 10574974 AB - Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that may lead to disease states. The present study investigates chromium(VI) (Cr(VI))-induced apoptosis and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p53 in this response. Treatment of human lung epithelial cells (A549) with Cr(VI) caused apoptosis as measured by DNA fragmentation, mitochondria damage, and cell morphology. Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis is contributed to ROS generation, resulting from cellular reduction of Cr(VI) as measured by flow cytometric analysis of the stained cells, oxygen consumption, and electron spin resonance spin trapping. Scavengers of ROS, such as catalase, aspirin, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, decreased Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, whereas NADPH and glutathione reductase, enhancers of Cr(VI)-induced ROS generation, increased it. p53 is activated by Cr(VI), mostly by ROS-mediated free radical reactions. Cr(VI)-induced ROS generation occurred within a few minutes after Cr(VI) treatment of the cells, whereas p53 induction took at least 5 h. The level of Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis was similar in both p53-positive cells and p53-negative cells independent of p53 status in the early stage (0-3 h) of Cr(VI) treatment. However, at the later stage (3-24 h), the level of the apoptosis is higher in p53-positive cells than in p53-negative cells. These results suggest that ROS generated through Cr(VI) reduction is responsible to the early stage of apoptosis, whereas p53 contributes to the late stage of apoptosis and is responsible for the enhancement of Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis at this stage. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ye, J AU - Wang, S AU - Leonard, S S AU - Sun, Y AU - Butterworth, L AU - Antonini, J AU - Ding, M AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/12/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 03 SP - 34974 EP - 34980 VL - 274 IS - 49 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Cyclosporine KW - 83HN0GTJ6D KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Blotting, Western KW - Spin Trapping KW - Oxygen Consumption KW - Cyclosporine -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- physiology KW - Apoptosis KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- physiology KW - Chromium -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69309119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Auk&rft.atitle=Larid+site+tenacity+and+group+adherence+in+relation+to+habitat&rft.au=McNicholl%2C+Martin+K.&rft.aulast=McNicholl&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1975-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F4084420 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency dependence of ultrasonic backscatter from human trabecular bone: theory and experiment. AN - 85310600; pmid-10615704 AB - A model describing the frequency dependence of backscatter coefficient from trabecular bone is presented. Scattering is assumed to originate from the surfaces of trabeculae, which are modeled as long thin cylinders with radii small compared with the ultrasonic wavelength. Experimental ultrasonic measurements at 500 kHz, 1 MHz, and 2.25 MHz from a wire target and from trabecular bone samples from human calcaneus in vitro are reported. In both cases, measurements are in good agreement with theory. For mediolateral insonification of calcaneus at low frequencies, including the typical diagnostic range (near 500 kHz), backscatter coefficient is proportional to frequency cubed. At higher frequencies, the frequency response flattens out. The data also suggest that at diagnostic frequencies, multiple scattering effects on the average are relatively small for the samples investigated. Finally, at diagnostic frequencies, the data suggest that absorption is likely to be a larger component of attenuation than scattering. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. kaw@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 3659 EP - 3664 VL - 106 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - Bone Density KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Ultrasonics KW - Bone and Bones -- ultrasonography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85310600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Frequency+dependence+of+ultrasonic+backscatter+from+human+trabecular+bone%3A+theory+and+experiment.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of alkylamine permeation through protective gloves using aliphatic amine pads. AN - 69512386; 11529186 AB - A quantitative study of alkylamine permeation through a glove material using Permea-Tec aliphatic amine pads, used for the detection of chemical breakthrough of protective clothing, was performed for triethylamine following a microwave-extraction process and gas chromatographic analysis. Triethylamine exhibited > 99% adsorption on the pads at a spiking level of 729 ng (1.0 ml). Triethylamine showed recoveries from 63 to 90% (RSD 4 h. The quantitative concentration of triethylamine on the pads following permeation through the gloves was also determined, ranging from 101 to 103 ng cm-2 (382-386 ng per pad). JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Vo, E AU - Berardinelli, S P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 545 EP - 548 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Permeability KW - Microwaves KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Equipment Failure KW - Materials Testing KW - Gloves, Protective -- standards KW - Amines -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69512386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Determination+of+alkylamine+permeation+through+protective+gloves+using+aliphatic+amine+pads.&rft.au=Vo%2C+E%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two carbon analysis methods for monitoring diesel particulate levels in mines. AN - 69503601; 11534530 AB - Two carbon analysis methods are currently being applied to the occupational monitoring of diesel particulate matter. Both methods are based on thermal techniques for the determination of organic and elemental carbon. In Germany, method ZH 1/120.44 has been published. This method, or a variation of it, is being used for compliance measurements in several European countries, and a Comité Européen de Normalization Working Group was formed recently to address the establishment of a European measurement standard. In the USA, a 'thermal-optical' method has been published as Method 5040 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. As with ZH 1/120.44, organic and elemental carbon are determined through temperature and atmosphere control, but different instrumentation and analysis conditions are used. Although the two methods are similar in principle, they gave statistically different results in a previous interlaboratory comparison. Because different instruments and operating conditions are used, between-method differences can be expected in some cases. Reasonable agreement is expected when the sample contains no other (i.e., non-diesel) sources of carbonaceous particulate and the organic fraction is essentially removed below about 500 degrees C. Airborne particulate samples from some mines may meet these criteria. Comparison data on samples from mines are important because the methods are being applied in this workplace for occupational monitoring and epidemiological studies. In this paper, results of a recent comparison on samples collected in a Canadian mine are reported. As seen in a previous comparison, there was good agreement between the total carbon results found by the two methods, with ZH 1/120.44 giving about 6% less carbon than Method 5040. Differences in the organic and elemental carbon results were again seen, but they were much smaller than those obtained in the previous comparison. The relatively small differences in the split between organic and elemental carbon are attributed to the different thermal programs used. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Birch, M E AU - Dahmann, D AU - Fricke, H H AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 541 EP - 544 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Particle Size KW - Carbon -- chemistry KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Mining KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69503601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+carbon+analysis+methods+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+levels+in+mines.&rft.au=Birch%2C+M+E%3BDahmann%2C+D%3BFricke%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VI. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. AN - 69471051; 10786378 AB - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (also known as DEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or BEHP; CAS Registry Number 117-81-7) is a widely-used plasticizer. It is found in numerous plastic articles, such as paints, inks, floor tiles, upholstery, shower curtains, footwear, plastic bags, food-packaging materials, toys, and medical tubing. Not surprisingly, DEHP appears at many waste sites. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals that are of greatest public health concern at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priority List (NPL) sites. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of ATSDR's profile for DEHP (ATSDR, 1993) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and endpoint, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, at the behest of Congress and therefore the citizenry, prepares these profiles to inform the public about site contaminants. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Fay, M AU - Donohue, J M AU - De Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rmf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 651 EP - 746 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Plasticizers KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Public Policy KW - Public Health KW - Plasticizers -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plasticizers -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plasticizers -- pharmacology KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- adverse effects KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69471051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=ATSDR+evaluation+of+health+effects+of+chemicals.+VI.+Di%282-ethylhexyl%29phthalate.+Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry.&rft.au=Fay%2C+M%3BDonohue%2C+J+M%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinically important FEV1 declines among coal miners: an exploration of previously unrecognised determinants. AN - 69424727; 10658541 AB - The relation between occupational exposure to dust and loss of ventilatory lung function is now well established. However, many exposures during work and other activities might also have important roles in determining clinically important losses of lung function. In this study, we attempted to explore additional plausible determinants of exposures and other potential risk factors for clinically important decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) during work in dusty trades. The study was performed in 264 underground coal miners whose lung function had been followed up for an average of 11 years. With an extensive follow up questionnaire, miners were asked about their occupational and non-occupational exposures, smoking, personal and family medical history, and living conditions during childhood. Several variables of the mine environment (as well as previously recognised effects of mining work and region) were found to be associated with excess decline in FEV1, including work in roof bolting, exposure to explosive blasting, and to control dust spraying water that had been stored in holding tanks. Use of respiratory protection seemed to reduce the risk of decline in FEV1. Other factors that were found to be associated with declines in pulmonary function included smoking, body mass, weight gain, childhood pneumonia, and childhood exposure in the home to passive tobacco smoke and possibly smoke due to wood and coal fuels. Miners with excessive decline in FEV1 were less likely to be working in mining jobs at follow up. These findings suggest the existence of additional risk factors for decline in lung function in dusty trades, and may be useful in developing additional approaches to the prevention of chronic respiratory disease. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Wang, M L AU - Petsonk, E L AU - Beeckman, L A AU - Wagner, G R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Respiratory Disease, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 837 EP - 844 VL - 56 IS - 12 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Regression Analysis KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Spirometry KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- physiology KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69424727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinically+important+FEV1+declines+among+coal+miners%3A+an+exploration+of+previously+unrecognised+determinants.&rft.au=Wang%2C+M+L%3BPetsonk%2C+E+L%3BBeeckman%2C+L+A%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Occup Hyg. 1972 Nov;15(2):285-301 [4648241] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Oct;32(4):423-32 [9258399] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Apr;127(4):508-23 [6340572] N Engl J Med. 1983 Sep 22;309(12):699-703 [6888441] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):214-9 [6722049] Thorax. 1985 Feb;40(2):132-7 [3975864] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jun;133(6):966-73 [3717768] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 May 23;294(6583):1317-20 [3109634] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Aug;138(2):296-9 [3195829] BMJ. 1991 Sep 21;303(6804):671-5 [1912913] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Jul;49(7):472-9 [1322158] J Occup Med. 1992 Oct;34(10):979-88 [1403198] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):38-48 [8317812] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Oct;50(10):929-37 [8217853] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Mar;149(3 Pt 1):616-9 [8118627] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19 Suppl 2:37-43 [8209194] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Jan;151(1):41-6 [7812570] Thorax. 1982 Mar;37(3):193-7 [6980496] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptive role of caloric intake on the degenerative disease processes. AN - 69396805; 10630584 AB - Carcinogenicity and aging are characterized by a set of complex endpoints, which appear as a series of molecular events. Many of these events can be modified by caloric intake. Since most of these processes determine an organism's ability to cope with various environmental stressors, it is not surprising that a relationship (in the presence of a constant nutrient density) exists between caloric intake and time-to-tumor and/or life span. Our studies have clearly shown that generally, the greater the caloric intake, the greater the body weight, the higher the incidence of spontaneous tumor occurrence, the greater the susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, and the shorter the life span. It is also recognized that variables other than body weight influence the life span and carcinogenesis. We have focused our attention on the questions of how and to what extent caloric intake modifies those homeostatic processes believed to be critical in determining the ability of an organism to cope with endogenous and exogenous stresses such as chemical, physical, and biological carcinogens. The response of an organism to its environment can be divided into four categories--physiological, metabolic, molecular, and cellular. We have found that, from a physiological perspective, decreasing caloric intake causes body temperature in rodents to be decreased by 0.5 to 1.8 degrees C and water consumption to be increased by 80%, as is running activity. However, metabolic output per gram of lean body mass is not altered. Reproductive capacity declines, whereas the ECG waveform is preserved as caloric intake decreases. Alterations in these and other physiological functions suggests that energy intake serves as a signal to up-regulate or down-regulate functions related to the flight-or-fight response observed in placental mammals. A number of key metabolic pathways are altered as a function of lowered caloric intake, even though the rate of food consumption per gram of lean body mass remains steady during body weight decreases caused by decreasing caloric intake. Pharmacological compartmentalization, however, is altered. As caloric intake declines, changes occur in the expression of a number of drug-metabolizing enzymes, with the most striking effect seen in sex-specific growth hormones and liver-dependent phase I and phase II enzymes. Additionally, oxidative stress (free-radical and mediated damage to macromolecules) appears to decrease as a function of reduced caloric intake. A number of molecular processes also change with changes in energy consumption. Our studies have shown that, regardless of the source and nature of DNA damage, DNA repair is better preserved and/or enhanced when caloric consumption decreases. In addition, the fidelity of DNA replication increases and oncogene expression is stabilized, P53 gene expression is increased, and apoptosis is elevated by up to 500% with decreased caloric intake. At the cellular level, cell proliferation is decreased in direct proportion to lower energy intake in some but not all tissues. Studies have also shown an enhancement in immune capacity, changes in IGF1, and accelerated rates of wound healing proportionate to declines in energy consumption. Our most recent findings, however, have shown that the benefits associated with decreases in caloric intake only occur in the presence of sufficient nutrient quality and density. In the absence of proper nutrition, however, sensitivity to carcinogens and toxic substances appears to be enhanced. These findings are supported by independent studies. These observations have led us to conclude that, in certain organisms, when caloric intake is decreased, there is an up-regulation of those processes that modulate the responses to a wide range of environmental stressors. This response allows for a better survival rate and a down-regulation of reproductive activity. It is our belief that, during periods of environmental stress, these systems may be essential to perpetu JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hart, R W AU - Dixit, R AU - Seng, J AU - Turturro, A AU - Leakey, J E AU - Feuers, R AU - Duffy, P AU - Buffington, C AU - Cowan, G AU - Lewis, S AU - Pipkin, J AU - Li, S Y AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. RHart@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 3 EP - 12 VL - 52 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Longevity KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology KW - Disease -- etiology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Homeostasis -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69396805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Adaptive+role+of+caloric+intake+on+the+degenerative+disease+processes.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BDixit%2C+R%3BSeng%2C+J%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BLeakey%2C+J+E%3BFeuers%2C+R%3BDuffy%2C+P%3BBuffington%2C+C%3BCowan%2C+G%3BLewis%2C+S%3BPipkin%2C+J%3BLi%2C+S+Y&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths from hematopoietic and other cancers in relation to permanent hair dye use in a large prospective study (United States). AN - 69382190; 10616830 AB - To assess in a large prospective study whether women who used permanent hair dye, especially dark dye for many years, experienced increased death rates from hematopoietic and other cancers that have been associated with hair dye use in some previous reports. In 1982, 547,586 women provided information on use of permanent hair dye and other lifestyle factors when enrolled in an American Cancer Society (ACS) prospective study. We extended mortality follow-up from 7 to 12 years. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling we compared death rates from hematopoietic and other cancers among women according to their hair dye use at baseline with death rates in unexposed women. The adjusted death rate from all cancers combined was marginally lower among women who ever used hair dye than nonusers (relative risk [RR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.0). Mortality from all hematopoietic cancers was marginally higher among users than nonusers (RR = 1.1; CI = 1.0-1.2), and increased with an index that combined duration of use and darker coloration (test of trend p = 0.02). Women who used black or brown dye for 10 or more years experienced somewhat higher death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and (for black dye only) multiple myeloma. The temporal increase in death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma between 1982-88 and 1989-94 was similar for women in our study who never used hair dyes to the increase among all US women. If prolonged use of dark permanent hair dyes contributes to death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma, then the increase is small and difficult to detect reliably even in large prospective studies. The use of permanent hair dye is unlikely to be a major contributor to the temporal rise in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the US. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Henley, S J AU - Thun, M J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 617 EP - 625 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Hair Dyes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Multiple Myeloma -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- etiology KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Multiple Myeloma -- mortality KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Hair Dyes -- adverse effects KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69382190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Deaths+from+hematopoietic+and+other+cancers+in+relation+to+permanent+hair+dye+use+in+a+large+prospective+study+%28United+States%29.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BHenley%2C+S+J%3BThun%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retinoic acid acts during peri-implantational development to alter axial and brain formation. AN - 69349924; 10592067 AB - All-trans retinoid acid (RA) induces a stereotypic spectrum of stage-specific malformations in vertebrate conceptuses. The present work evaluated the anatomic and biochemical effects of exposure to RA in mouse embryos at a peri-implantational stage of development - gestational day (GD) 5. The RA receptors (RARs) beta and gamma, the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) alpha and beta, and the cellular retinoid acid binding proteins (CRABPs) I and II were detected by RT-PCR in both control and treated individual GD 5 decidua/embryo complexes 3 h after RA injection, indicating the presence of the mRNAs coding for the proteins that mediate the effects of RA. In contrast, the RAR alpha mRNA was detected in some but not all decidua/embryo complexes, both control and treated, suggesting that its expression is initiated at approximately GD 5, while RXR gamma mRNA was not detected. Examination of the control and RA-exposed embryos on GD 10, 12, or 17 showed that greater than 50% of the RA-exposed embryos were adversely affected, many with defects found only after serial histopathological examination. The malformations were localized primarily in the central nervous system, the branchial arches, and their derivatives. These terata included excessive folding and elevation of the neural tube floor plate, exencephaly (with detachment of the cephalic neuroepithelium and rarefied cephalic mesenchyme), persistent patency of Rathke's pouch, small trigeminal ganglia, neural diverticula (chiefly from the spinal cord), and/or various optic and otic defects. Unexpectedly, limb reduplications were not apparent in RA-exposed fetuses. Those litters examined on GD 17 had a high percentage of resorbed or malformed implantations, and the few apparently normal fetuses were developmentally delayed with respect to bone ossification. These data confirm that the development of neural- and neural crest-derived structures are severely disrupted by RA exposure prior to initial specification of the neural plate and suggest that many of the proteins that regulate RA signaling are available in early vertebrate embryos at this developmental stage. JF - Anatomy and embryology AU - Pauken, C M AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Bolon, B AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. cpauken@asu.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 645 EP - 655 VL - 200 IS - 6 SN - 0340-2061, 0340-2061 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid KW - Teratogens KW - retinoic acid binding protein I, cellular KW - retinoic acid binding protein II, cellular KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Thorax -- abnormalities KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Limb Deformities, Congenital -- etiology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- embryology KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Neural Tube Defects -- etiology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Female KW - Brain -- abnormalities KW - Branchial Region -- abnormalities KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- metabolism KW - Branchial Region -- drug effects KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69349924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatomy+and+embryology&rft.atitle=Retinoic+acid+acts+during+peri-implantational+development+to+alter+axial+and+brain+formation.&rft.au=Pauken%2C+C+M%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B%3BBolon%2C+B&rft.aulast=Pauken&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anatomy+and+embryology&rft.issn=03402061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal deaths after hepatitis B vaccine: the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1991-1998. AN - 69343036; 10591306 AB - To evaluate reports of neonatal deaths (aged 0-28 days) after hepatitis B (HepB) immunization reported to the national Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Case series; review of autopsy reports. Voluntary reports submitted to VAERS, a passive surveillance system, from the US population. All US neonates (0-28 days of age) whose deaths after HepB vaccination given alone were reported to VAERS, occurring from January 1, 1991, through October 5, 1998. None (observational database). Of 1771 neonatal reports, there were 18 deaths in 8 boys and 9 girls (1 patient unclassified). The mean age at vaccination for these 18 cases was 12 days (range, 1-27 days); median time from vaccination to onset of symptoms was 2 days (range, 0-20 days); and median time from symptoms to death was 0 days (range, 0-15 days). The mean birth weight of the neonates (n = 15) was 3034 g (range, 1828-4678 g). The causes of death for the 17 autopsied cases were sudden infant death syndrome for 12, infection for 3, and 1 case each of intracerebral hemorrhage, accidental suffocation, and congenital heart disease. Few neonatal deaths following HepB vaccination have been reported, despite the use of at least 86 million doses of pediatric vaccine given in the United States since 1991. While the limitations of passive surveillance systems do not permit definitive inference, these data suggest that HepB immunization is not causing a clear increase in neonatal deaths. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Niu, M T AU - Salive, M E AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. niu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1279 EP - 1282 VL - 153 IS - 12 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Sudden Infant Death -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Sudden Infant Death -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Infant Mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69343036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=Neonatal+deaths+after+hepatitis+B+vaccine%3A+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system%2C+1991-1998.&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BSalive%2C+M+E%3BEllenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hernia: is it a work-related condition? AN - 69284153; 10561684 AB - Development of hernias among active workers is a major occupational problem, however, the work-relatedness of hernias has not been well investigated. It is a difficult question for occupational and primary care physicians who must often address whether a worker with an inguinal hernia should be restricted from work requiring lifting of heavy objects. To evaluate the possible work-relatedness of inguinal hernias, a cross-sectional study was performed. The goal of the study was to determine hernia incidence according to occupation with the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses from the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1994. Hernia incidence rates (per 10,000 workers) for industry and occupation categories were calculated with the estimates of the number of hernias in males and the employed male workers from the Current Population Survey. Rate ratios (RR) of hernia incidence rates were calculated. In 1994, an estimated 30, 791 work-related hernias in males were reported by US private establishments. The occupation groups with the highest RR were laborers and handlers (RR, 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.14-2.80), machine operators (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.81-2.44), and mechanics and repairers (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.43-2.00). Rate ratios for hernias vary considerably within industries and occupations, with the highest ratios found in industries and occupations involving manual labor. This provides support for the hypothesis that the hernias are work-related, especially in work involving strenuous, heavy manual labor. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:638-644, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kang, S K AU - Burnett, C A AU - Freund, E AU - Sestito, J AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. skk2@unitel.co.kr Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 638 EP - 644 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Hernia, Inguinal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69284153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Hernia%3A+is+it+a+work-related+condition%3F&rft.au=Kang%2C+S+K%3BBurnett%2C+C+A%3BFreund%2C+E%3BSestito%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety framework for programmable electronics in mining AN - 17520445; 4707784 AB - Mining has one of the highest annual average fatality rates among major US industries. Health and safety dangers have been inherent to mining since the early days of picks and shovels. Even though miners' health and safety has improved over the years, mining is still one of the most dangerous occupations. Mining was traditionally a low tech industry. It is now driven by competitive pressures to go hightech by using programmable electronics (PE) for machine control, atmospheric monitoring and material processing. The industry's experience with the functional safety of PE is limited compared with other industries. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory in Pittsburgh, PA is addressing the safety of this new technology. NIOSH has a proactive project to generate recommendations for addressing the functional safety of PE-based mining systems before the technology proliferates. The recommendations take the form of a safety framework encompassing the entire life cycle for a PE-based mining system. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Sammarco, J J AD - US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 30 EP - 33 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Occupational safety KW - Mining KW - Technology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17520445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Safety+framework+for+programmable+electronics+in+mining&rft.au=Sammarco%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Sammarco&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Mining; Occupational safety; Mortality; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved seat reduces jarring/jolting for operators of low-coal shuttle cars AN - 17519512; 4707785 AB - The prolonged exposure of equipment operators to shock and whole-body vibration (WBV) is linked to cumulative back, neck and abdominal disorders. In low coal mines, space restrictions make it difficult for seat suspensions to isolate operators from shock and WBV. Researchers at NIOSH's Pittsburgh Research Laboratory are responding to these issues by investigating viscoelastic foams. For the full-load case, an ergonomic seat made with viscoelastic foams can isolate the shuttle-car operator from shock at 15 Hz. Researchers used results from additional foam testing using an analytical model to identify viscoelastic foams that provide shock isolation at a frequency below 5 Hz. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Mayton, A AU - Merkel, R AU - Gallagher, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 52 EP - 60 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - man-machine interactions KW - seating KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Vibration KW - Mining KW - Ergonomics KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17519512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Improved+seat+reduces+jarring%2Fjolting+for+operators+of+low-coal+shuttle+cars&rft.au=Mayton%2C+A%3BMerkel%2C+R%3BGallagher%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mayton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Vibration; Mining; Ergonomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Domains Present in the Mycobacterial Hemagglutinin, HBHA AN - 17513487; 4701612 AB - Identification and characterization of mycobacterial adhesins and complementary host receptors required for colonization and dissemination of mycobacteria in host tissues are needed for a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases caused by these bacteria and for the development of effective vaccines. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a 28-kDa heparin-binding mycobacterial surface protein, HBHA, can agglutinate erythrocytes and promote mycobacterial aggregation in vitro. In this study, further molecular and biochemical analysis of HBHA demonstrates that it has three functional domains: a transmembrane domain of 18 amino acids residing near the N terminus, a large domain of 81 amino acids consistent with an alpha -helical coiled-coil region, and a Lys-Pro-Ala-rich C-terminal domain that mediates binding to proteoglycans. Using His-tagged recombinant HBHA proteins and nickel chromatography we demonstrate that HBHA polypeptides which contain the coiled-coil region form multimers. This tendency to oligomerize may be responsible for the induction of mycobacterial aggregation since a truncated N-terminal HBHA fragment containing the coiled-coil domain promotes mycobacterial aggregation. Conversely, a truncated C-terminal HBHA fragment which contains Lys-Pro-Ala-rich repeats binds to the proteoglycan decorin. These results indicate that HBHA contains at least three distinct domains which facilitate intercalation into surface membranes, promote bacterium-bacterium interactions, and mediate the attachment to sulfated glycoconjugates found in host tissues. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Delogu, G AU - Brennan, MJ AD - CBER/FDA, 29 Lincoln Dr. (HFM-431), Bethesda, MD 20892, Brennan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 7464 EP - 7469 VL - 181 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - functional domains KW - HBHA protein KW - heparin-binding protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Protein structure KW - Mycobacterium KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Membrane proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Functional+Domains+Present+in+the+Mycobacterial+Hemagglutinin%2C+HBHA&rft.au=Delogu%2C+G%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Delogu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Membrane proteins; Protein structure; Hemagglutinins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promiscuous Origin of a Chimeric Sequence in the Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genome AN - 17513408; 4701627 AB - A novel sequence of 2.9 kb in the intergenic region between the mutS and rpoS genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and closely related strains replaces a sequence of 6.1 kb in E. coli K-12 strains. At the same locus in Shigella dysenteriae type 1, a sequence identical to that in O157:H7 is bounded by the IS1 insertion sequence element. Extensive polymorphism in the mutS-rpoS chromosomal region is indicative of horizontal transfer events. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Li, B AU - Payne, W L AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration, HFS-235, 200 C St., S.W. Washington, DC 20204, tac@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 7614 EP - 7617 VL - 181 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - genomes KW - insertion sequence IS1 KW - mutS gene KW - rpoS gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Horizontal transfer KW - Shigella dysenteriae KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Promiscuous+Origin+of+a+Chimeric+Sequence+in+the+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+Genome&rft.au=LeClerc%2C+JE%3BLi%2C+B%3BPayne%2C+W+L%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=LeClerc&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Shigella dysenteriae; Nucleotide sequence; Horizontal transfer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alaska's Model Program for Surveillance and Prevention of Occupational Injury Deaths AN - 17481508; 4675157 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established its Alaska Field Station in Anchorage in 1991 after identifying Alaska as the highest-risk state for traumatic worker fatalities. Since then, the Field Station, working in collaboration with other agencies, organizations, and individuals, has established a program for occupational injury surveillance in Alaska and formed interagency working groups to address the risk factors leading to occupational death and injury in the state. Collaborative efforts have contributed to reducing crash rates and mortality in Alaska's rapidly expanding helicopter logging industry and have played an important supportive role in the substantial progress made in reducing the mortality rate in Alaska's commercial fishing industry (historically Alaska's and America's most dangerous industry). Alaska experienced a 46% overall decline in work-related acute traumatic injury deaths from 1991 to 1998, a 64% decline in commercial fishing deaths, and a very sharp decline in helicopter logging-related deaths. Extending this regional approach to other parts of the country and applying these strategies to the entire spectrum of occupational injury and disease hazards could have a broad effect on reducing occupational injuries. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Klatt, M L AU - Thomas, T K AD - NIOSH Alaska Field Station, 4230 University Drive, Suite 310, Anchorage AK 99508, USA, gocl@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 550 EP - 558 VL - 114 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - USA, Alaska KW - logging KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Marine KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - Brackish KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Freshwater KW - Commercial fishing KW - Accidents KW - PNW, USA, Alaska KW - Health and safety KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08565:Policy, legislation and sociology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17481508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Alaska%27s+Model+Program+for+Surveillance+and+Prevention+of+Occupational+Injury+Deaths&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BManwaring%2C+J+C%3BKlatt%2C+M+L%3BThomas%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Commercial fishing; Accidents; Injuries; Surveillance and enforcement; Health and safety; Mortality causes; Risk assessment; Occupational safety; PNW, USA, Alaska; INE, USA, Alaska; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Cancer Risk Estimates Are Reduced When Based on Relative Risk for Common Rodent Tumors AN - 17466153; 4669295 JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 283 EP - 284 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - man KW - rodents KW - rats KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17466153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Human+Cancer+Risk+Estimates+Are+Reduced+When+Based+on+Relative+Risk+for+Common+Rodent+Tumors&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Frtph.1999.1355 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Risk assessment; Tumors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1999.1355 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment for Heart Disease and Workplace ETS Exposure among Nonsmokers AN - 17465372; 4670670 AB - In 1994 the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) published a study of risk assessment for heart disease and lung cancer resulting from workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among nonsmokers. This assessment is currently being revised. The present article considers different possible approaches to a risk assessment for heart disease among nonsmokers resulting from workplace ETS exposure, reviews the approach taken by OSHA in 1994, and suggests some modifications to that approach. Since 1994 the literature supporting an association between ETS exposure and heart disease among never smokers (sometimes including long-term former smokers) has been strengthened by new studies, including some studies that have specifically considered workplace exposure. A number of these studies are appropriate for inclusion in a meta-analysis, whereas a few may not be due to methodological problems or problems in exposure definition. A meta-analysis of eight relative risks (either rate ratios or odds ratios) for heart disease resulting from workplace ETS exposure, based on one reasonable selection of appropriate studies, yields a combined relative risk of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.41). This relative risk, which is similar to that used by OSHA in 1994, yields an excess risk of death from heart disease by age 70 of 7 per 1000 (95% CI 0.001-0.013) resulting from ETS exposure in the workplace. This excess risk exceeds OSHA's usual threshold for regulation of 1 per 1000. Approximately 1,710 excess ischemic heart disease deaths per year would expected among nonsmoking U.S. workers 35-69 years of age exposed to workplace ETS. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Steenland, K AD - MS R13, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 859 EP - 863 VL - 107 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Passive smoking KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Heart diseases KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17465372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+for+Heart+Disease+and+Workplace+ETS+Exposure+among+Nonsmokers&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passive smoking; Occupational exposure; Cardiovascular diseases; Cigarette smoke; Risk assessment; Heart diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality Patterns Among Electrical Workers Employed in the U.S. Construction Industry, 1982-1987 AN - 17441261; 4656981 AB - Background Studies of electrical workers in the utility and manufacturing industries have reported excess site-specific cancer. No previous studies of electrical workers in the construction industry have been conducted. Methods Our study evaluated the mortality patterns of 31,068 U.S. members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers who primarily worked in the construction industry and died 1982-1987. Results Comparison to the U.S. population by using the NIOSH life table showed significantly elevated proportionate mortality for many causes. Excess mortality for leukemia (proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) = 115) and brain tumors (PMR = 136) is similar to reports of electrical workers with occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields in the electric utility or manufacturing industry. Excess deaths due to melanoma skin cancer (PMR = 123) are consistent with findings of other PCB-exposed workers. A significantly elevated PMR was observed for the diseases caused by asbestos: lung cancer (PMR = 117), asbestosis (PMR = 247), and malignant mesothelioma (PMR = 356) and from fatal injuries, particularly electrocutions (PMR = 1180). The findings of statistically significant excess deaths for prostate cancer (PMR = 107), musculoskeletal disease (PMR = 130), suicide (PMR = 113), and disorders of the blood-forming organs (PMR = 141) were unexpected. Conclusion Results suggest that more detailed investigations of occupational risk factors and evaluation of preventive practices are needed to prevent excess mortality in this hazardous occupation. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Petersen, M AU - Palu, S AD - NIOSH, DSHEFS, Mail Stop R-44, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA, cpr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 630 EP - 637 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - electricians KW - melanoma KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Brain KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - Magnetic fields KW - Leukemia KW - Electric fields KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17441261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+Patterns+Among+Electrical+Workers+Employed+in+the+U.S.+Construction+Industry%2C+1982-1987&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BPalu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199912%2936%3A63.0.CO%3B2-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Cancer; Mortality; Construction industry; Leukemia; Brain; Tumors; Risk assessment; Magnetic fields; Electric fields; Carcinogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199912)36:6<630::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adolescent Occupational Injuries in Fast Food Restaurants: An Examination of the Problem From a National Perspective AN - 17428770; 4647067 AB - Work injuries to adolescents are most prevalent in the retail trades industry, with a large portion occurring in eating and drinking establishments (E&DEs). Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were examined for nonfatal injuries to adolescents, ages 14 through 17, injured while working in fast food restaurants (a subcategory of E&DEs) from July 1, 1992, to June 30, 1994. There were an estimated 44,765 adolescent injuries in E&DEs, with an estimated 27,997 in fast food restaurants, during this period. The injury rate for E&DEs in the 15 through 17 age group was higher than for all other industries combined (rate ratio [RR] = 1.7), with little disparity in rates between the sexes. This study identifies the fast food industry as the source of a large proportion of occupational injuries to adolescents, and indicates that task-specific risk factors seem to be strongly related to sex. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Layne, LA AD - NIOSH/DSR/SFIB, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1146 VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - fast food restaurants KW - restaurants KW - retail industry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Gender KW - Occupational safety KW - Adolescents KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Adolescent+Occupational+Injuries+in+Fast+Food+Restaurants%3A+An+Examination+of+the+Problem+From+a+National+Perspective&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+K+J%3BLayne%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Adolescents; Occupational safety; Gender ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction and regulation of Th1-inducing cytokines by bacterial DNA, lipopolysaccharide, and heat-inactivated bacteria AN - 17417451; 4640538 AB - Th1 immune responses, characterized by production of gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ), are associated with protective immunity to viruses and intracellular bacteria. Heat-killed Brucella abortus promotes secretion of Th1-inducing cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN- gamma and has been used as a carrier to induce Th1 responses to vaccines. To explore which bacterial constituents could mediate this response and how it is regulated, murine spleen cells were cultured with B. abortus derived DNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or whole killed organisms. Each constituent induced similar, substantial amounts of IL-10. However, only B. abortus and B. abortus DNA induced high levels of IFN- gamma and IL-12. B. abortus and B. abortus DNA-stimulated IL-12 production was maximal by 6 to 18 h, while IL-10 production steadily accumulated over this time period. These kinetics suggested that IL-10 may eventually downmodulate the Th1-like cytokine response to B. abortus and B. abortus DNA, which was confirmed by using neutralizing antibody. In the absence of IL-10, B. abortus LPS induced strong IFN- gamma responses, but IL-12 p70 levels were still undetectable from BALB/c spleen cells. LPS induced IL-12 if the spleen cells were primed with IFN- gamma and IL-10 was neutralized, indicating that LPS can stimulate IL-12 production under the most favorable conditions. Responses to Escherichia coli LPS and DNA mirrored the responses to B. abortus components, suggesting that immune effects observed with these constituents may be generalizable to many microbial species. In vivo experiments demonstrated the same hierarchy of responses for IL-12 production. These findings support the likelihood that microbial components, if used as carriers or adjuvants, can differ substantially in their ability to effect a Th1 response. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Huang, L-Y AU - Krieg, A M AU - Eller, N AU - Scott, DE AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 232, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, scottd@cher.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 6257 EP - 6263 VL - 67 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - immunology KW - Brucella abortus KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - gamma -Interferon KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - g-Interferon KW - Helper cells KW - Interleukin 10 KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - ^g-Interferon KW - DNA KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Escherichia coli KW - Cytokines KW - Heat inactivation KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17417451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Induction+and+regulation+of+Th1-inducing+cytokines+by+bacterial+DNA%2C+lipopolysaccharide%2C+and+heat-inactivated+bacteria&rft.au=Huang%2C+L-Y%3BKrieg%2C+A+M%3BEller%2C+N%3BScott%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L-Y&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Escherichia coli; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells; Heat inactivation; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 12; Immune response (cell-mediated); Cytokines; ^g-Interferon; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of bleomycin-induced Hprt mutant frequency in female and male rats by calorie restriction. AN - 69370290; 10592326 AB - Calorie restriction modulates spontaneous and chemically induced tumors and increases maximal life span in experimental animals; however, the mechanism by which calorie restriction exerts its ameliorating effects is not fully elucidated, although reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by calorie restriction has generated much interest. In the present study, we have determined whether or not calorie restriction would affect the mutagenic response in rats treated with bleomycin (BLM) a radiomimetic drug that is associated with DNA damage by a free radical mechanism. Fourteen weeks after weaning, the rats were divided into two groups; ad libitum (AL)-fed and 40% calorie restriction. Both AL and calorie-restricted animals were injected with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg BLM/kg, or with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and they were killed 4 weeks post drug treatment. Lymphocytes from the spleens were seeded in 96-well microtiter plates to determine mutant frequency in the hypoxantine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) gene. The mutant frequency in the BLM-treated rats was higher in AL males (P=0.001), and AL females (P=0.0174) than in their calorie-restricted counterparts. The difference in mutagenic response relative to AL males and AL females appeared unrelated to a low percent cloning efficiency seen in the males, since the mean absolute number of Hprt mutant clones was higher in the AL males compared to the females. A reduction in animal weight by calorie restriction was significant in both sexes (P<0.001), but the dose effect appeared non-significant. The results indicate that calorie intake of 60% reduced the mutagenic response of BLM, a compound known to induce oxidative DNA damage, and suggest a possible decrease in ROS as a function of calorie restriction. JF - Mutation research AU - Aidoo, A AU - Desai, V G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Chen, J J AU - Feuers, R J AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. aaidoo@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 29 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 430 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 0 KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Sex Factors KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Mutagenesis -- genetics KW - Energy Intake -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69370290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+bleomycin-induced+Hprt+mutant+frequency+in+female+and+male+rats+by+calorie+restriction.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BDesai%2C+V+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-29&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of welding fume solubility on lung macrophage viability and function in vitro. AN - 69326070; 10580758 AB - It was shown previously that fumes generated from stainless steel (SS) welding induced more pneumotoxicity and were cleared from the lungs at a slower rate than fumes collected from mild steel (MS) welding. These differences in response may be attributed to the metal composition of SS and MS welding fumes. In this study, fumes with vastly different metal profiles were collected during gas metal arc (GMA) or flux-covered manual metal arc (MMA) welding using two different consumable electrodes, SS or MS. The collected samples were suspended in saline, incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C, and centrifuged. The supernatant (soluble components) and pellets (insoluble particulates) were separated, and their effects on lung macrophage viability and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by macrophages were examined in vitro. The soluble MMA-SS sample was shown to be the most cytotoxic to macrophages and to have the greatest effect on their function as compared to the GMA-SS and GMA-MS fumes. Neither the soluble nor insoluble forms of the GMA-MS sample had any marked effect on macrophage viability. The flux-covered MMA-SS fume was found to be much more water soluble as compared to either the GMA-SS or the GMA-MS fumes. The soluble fraction of the MMA-SS samples was comprised almost entirely of Cr. The small fraction of the GMA-MS sample that was soluble contained Mn with little Fe, while a more complex mixture was observed in the soluble portion of the GMA-SS sample, which contained Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Cu. Data show that differences in the solubility of welding fumes influence the viability and ROS production of macrophages. The presence of soluble metals, such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Mn, and the complexes formed by these different metals are likely important in the pulmonary responses observed after welding fume exposure. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Antonini, J M AU - Lawryk, N J AU - Murthy, G G AU - Brain, J D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 26 SP - 343 EP - 363 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Chelating Agents KW - Metals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Smoke KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Solubility KW - Stainless Steel -- toxicity KW - Particle Size KW - Stainless Steel -- chemistry KW - Rats KW - Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Male KW - Steel -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- chemistry KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Steel -- toxicity KW - Welding KW - Metals -- chemistry KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- cytology KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69326070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effect+of+welding+fume+solubility+on+lung+macrophage+viability+and+function+in+vitro.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BLawryk%2C+N+J%3BMurthy%2C+G+G%3BBrain%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-26&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-step purification and partial characterization of a variant of the Vibrio cholerae non-O1 hemolysin AN - 17400924; 4632154 AB - A two-step purification method using ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration was developed for the purification of a variant of the El Tor hemolysin/cytolysin from supernatant fluids of a Vibrio cholerae non-O1 human isolate (strain 2194c). The toxin displayed delayed elution from a Sephacryl gel filtration column, eluting at between two and three column volumes. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the purified 2194c toxin were 60 kDa and 5.3, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was ASPAPANSETNTLPHVAFYI. Purified toxin was cytolytic for Chinese hamster ovary cells and erythrocytes from several animal species. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - McCardell, BA AD - Division of Virulence Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA Washington, DC USA Y1 - 1999/11/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 15 SP - 177 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier VL - 180 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - purification KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Cholera KW - Hemolysins KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Two-step+purification+and+partial+characterization+of+a+variant+of+the+Vibrio+cholerae+non-O1+hemolysin&rft.au=McCardell%2C+BA&rft.aulast=McCardell&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1999-11-15&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2899%2900479-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; Cholera; Hemolysins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00479-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), carbon black, and silica on macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide: evidence of DEP suppression of macrophage activity. AN - 69355869; 10598952 AB - The effects of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure on alveolar macrophage (AM) response to ex vivo and in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were determined by monitoring LPS-stimulated production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The roles of the insoluble particulate and the organic compounds of DEP in altering pulmonary responses were evaluated by comparing the DEP-induced pulmonary responses to those of carbon black (CB), a carbonaceous particle with few adsorbed organic compounds, or to silica, a known pneumotoxic dust. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a single intratracheal dose (5 or 35 mg/kg body weight) of DEP, CB, or silica, or to saline vehicle. Rats were sacrificed 1, 3, or 7 d postexposure. To study the responsiveness to the bacterial product LPS, AM isolated from particle-exposed rats were challenged ex vivo with LPS (0.1 microg/10(6) AM) and LPS-stimulated cytokine release was monitored. In addition, rats were exposed intratracheally to a single dose of DEP (5 mg/kg) and 3 d later exposed in vivo to 1 mg/kg LPS for 3 h prior to measurement of cytokine production by AM. DEP exposure resulted in neutrophil infiltration and elevated levels of albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; these responses were not substantially different from those elicited by CB or silica exposure. AM from DEP-exposed rats showed increased spontaneous production of IL-1, but not TNF-alpha, while the opposite was true for CB or silica. Upon ex vivo challenge with LPS, AM from DEP-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in the secretion of TNF-alpha and, to a lesser extent, IL-1, compared to the sum of the DEP and LPS effects. In contrast, AM from CB- or silica-exposed rats did not show this decreased responsiveness to subsequent LPS challenge. This inhibitory action of DEP on LPS-stimulated AM production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha was further confirmed by the results obtained from rats exposed to both DEP and LPS in vivo. In summary, these results indicate that while DEP, CB, and silica all induce pulmonary inflammatory responses due to particle stimulation, only DEP suppress AM cytokine release in response to LPS stimulation. The contrasting cellular response with respect to DEP and CB exposures may be due to the presence of adsorbed organic compounds on DEP, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of hosts to pulmonary infections after DEP exposure. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Yang, H M AU - Barger, M W AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J K AU - Yang, J J AU - Ma, J Y AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 12 SP - 261 EP - 278 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Depression, Chemical KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Carbon -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69355869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diesel+exhaust+particles+%28DEP%29%2C+carbon+black%2C+and+silica+on+macrophage+responses+to+lipopolysaccharide%3A+evidence+of+DEP+suppression+of+macrophage+activity.&rft.au=Yang%2C+H+M%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+K%3BYang%2C+J+J%3BMa%2C+J+Y&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of neonatal tolerance by a plasmid encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor AN - 17429060; 4644816 AB - A plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein of malaria (pCSP) induces protective immunity in adult mice but persistent tolerance when administered to neonates. In an effort to improve antigen presenting cell (APC) function in newborns, we co-administered pCSP with a plasmid encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (pGMCSF). This combination of plasmids prevented the development of neonatal tolerance, instead eliciting a primary IgG anti-CSP immune response. Mice primed as neonates and boosted as adults mounted anamnestic responses characterized by high serum antibody titers, cytotoxic T-cell activity and antigen-specific interferon gamma (IFN gamma ) production. Neonatal administration of pGMCSF accelerated the maturation of local dendritic cells, suggesting that APC function plays a key role in determining whether tolerance or immunity results from neonatal exposure to antigen. JF - Vaccine AU - Ishii, K J AU - Weiss, W R AU - Klinman, D M AD - Retroviral Immunology Section, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 29A Room 3 D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, klinman@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 12 SP - 703 EP - 710 VL - 18 IS - 7-8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - mice KW - immunology KW - DNA vaccines KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - g-Interferon KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Antigen-presenting cells KW - Vaccines KW - Plasmids KW - granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+neonatal+tolerance+by+a+plasmid+encoding+granulocyte-macrophage+colony+stimulating+factor&rft.au=Ishii%2C+K+J%3BWeiss%2C+W+R%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ishii&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Vaccines; Antigen-presenting cells; Lymphocytes T ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Developing Chick Embryos after Exposure to 60-Hertz Magnetic Fields AN - 17388478; 4614461 AB - Fertilized white leghorn eggs were exposed to a 4 micro-Tesla ( mu T) 60 Hz horizontal magnetic field for 15, 18, 23 and 28 h. After exposure to the magnetic field, the embryos were isolated and assayed for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. ODC activity in magnetic field-exposed embryos was compared to ODC activity in sham-exposed embryos. ODC activity in magnetic field-exposed embryos was not statistically elevated above sham-exposed embryos. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Desta, AB AU - Owen, R D AU - Cress, L W AD - FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-114), 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850., lwc@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 11 SP - 211 EP - 213 PB - Academic Press VL - 265 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - chick embryos KW - enzymatic activity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Magnetic fields KW - Ornithine decarboxylase KW - Embryos KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17388478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Ornithine+Decarboxylase+Activity+in+Developing+Chick+Embryos+after+Exposure+to+60-Hertz+Magnetic+Fields&rft.au=Desta%2C+AB%3BOwen%2C+R+D%3BCress%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Desta&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1999-11-11&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbbrc.1999.1653 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic fields; Ornithine decarboxylase; Embryos DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1653 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of perceived traumatic injury hazards during drywall hanging AN - 17443710; 4654334 AB - Workers who handle massive and bulky drywall sheets are at a high risk of traumatic injuries. The objective of this study is to identify the drywall handling tasks and activities which are directly perceived as hazardous by workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the study. In the questionnaire, three hanging tasks were included: (1) hanging drywall on the ceiling; (2) hanging drywall on the upper half of the wall; and (3) hanging drywall on the lower half of the wall. Each of the three tasks was divided into 10 to 12 constituent activities. Supportive elevated equipment was also evaluated. Workers were instructed to rate the drywall-hanging tasks/activities and elevated equipment in regard to fall potential, perceived physical stress, and risk of being struck by or against objects, using a seven-point scale (1 = hardly at all to 7 = a great deal). Results from this study indicate that all the ratings of fall potential, perceived physical stress, and risk of being struck by or against objects while hanging drywall on the ceiling were greater than while performing the other two tasks. Activities involving lifting/carrying/holding drywall sheets were rated as most physically stressful. Workers perceived greatest physical stress and fall potential when wearing stilts as compared to using ladders or scaffolds. The findings of this study provide detailed information directly from the workers about the hazards associated with drywall hanging. Results from this study will assist in focusing future research efforts on the most hazardous tasks and activities of drywall hanging. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S S AU - Hsiao, H AU - Wassell, J T AU - Keane, PR AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/11/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 03 SP - 29 EP - 37 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - drywall hanging KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+perceived+traumatic+injury+hazards+during+drywall+hanging&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S+S%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BWassell%2C+J+T%3BKeane%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-8141%2898%2900075-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Construction industry; Injuries; Materials handling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(98)00075-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time delay spectrometry for hydrophone calibrations below 1 MHz. AN - 85307023; pmid-10573913 AB - Knowing the response of miniature ultrasonic hydrophones at frequencies below 1 MHz is important for assessing the accuracy of acoustic pressure pulse measurements in medical ultrasound applications. Therefore, a time delay spectrometry (TDS) system was developed as an efficient means to measure hydrophone sensitivity in this frequency range. In TDS a swept-frequency signal is transmitted. A tracking receiver distinguishes arrivals with different propagation delays by their frequency offset relative to the signal being transmitted, thus eliminating spurious signals such as those reflected from the water surface or tank walls. Two piezoelectric ceramic source transducers were used: a standard planar disk and a disk with varying thickness to broaden the thickness-resonance. This latter design was preferred for its more uniform response without significant sensitivity loss. TDS is not an absolute method, but it was demonstrated to provide efficient, accurate calibrations via comparison with a reference hydrophone using a substitution technique. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Gammell, P M AU - Harris, G R AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. pmg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - L41 EP - L46 VL - 106 IS - 5 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Calibration KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Transducers KW - Ultrasonics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85307023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genetic+toxicology%3A+Impact+on+the+next+generation+of+toxicology&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+BA%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal occupational injuries associated with forklifts, United States, 1980-1994. AN - 85255113; pmid-10506732 AB - BACKGROUND: This paper describes deaths of American workers involving forklifts during the 15-year period from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 1994. METHODS: Death certificate data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH's) National Traumatic Occupational Fatality (NTOF) surveillance system. The narrative fields on the death certificate were searched for keywords indicating that a powered industrial vehicle (PIV) or forklift was involved in the death. This study examined the circumstances of the forklift-related deaths, the nature of the injury, and the decedent's age, gender, race, occupation, and industry. Average annual employment data from the Bureau of the Census were used to calculate civilian fatality rates by age, gender, industry, and occupation. RESULTS: A total of 1,021 deaths were identified. The average age of the fatally injured worker was 38 years; the 1,021 forklift-related deaths resulted in a total of 27,505 years of productive life lost. The three most common circumstances of the fatalities were forklift overturns (22%), pedestrian struck by forklifts (20%), and worker crushed by forklift (16%). The greatest proportion of the fatalities (37%) occurred to workers in Manufacturing, followed by Transportation, Communication, and Public Utilities, (TCPU), (17%), Construction (16%), Wholesale Trade (8%), and Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) (7%). The highest forklift-related fatality rates per ten million workers occurred among transport operatives (34.0) and laborers (32.0). CONCLUSIONS: Many of the fatalities resulting from forklift "overturns" might have been prevented if the operator had been restrained with a lap/shoulder belt. Careful consideration should be given to separating pedestrian and forklift traffic, and restricting the use of forklifts near time clocks, exits, and other areas where large numbers of pedestrians pass through an area in a short time. Additionally, systematic traffic control, including rules for pedestrian and forklift traffic, will be necessary to reduce the enormous injury and death toll associated with forklifts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:504-512, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Landen, D D AU - Kisner, S M AU - Johnston, J J AU - Chin, S F AU - Kennedy, R D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 504 EP - 512 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - United States KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Human KW - Safety KW - Wounds and Injuries KW - Aged KW - Value of Life KW - Employment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Racial Stocks KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Adolescent KW - Occupations KW - Seat Belts KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Male KW - Female KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85255113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+occupational+injuries+associated+with+forklifts%2C+United+States%2C+1980-1994.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BChin%2C+S+F%3BKennedy%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sciacchitano&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries related to forklifts and other powered industrial vehicles in automobile manufacturing. AN - 70789339; 10506733 AB - The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, estimates that approximately 100 workers are fatally injured each year in forklift and other powered industrial vehicle (PIV) incidents, and an estimated 34,000 work-related injuries involving forklifts are treated in U.S. emergency rooms each year. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of 916 incidents involving forklifts and other PIVs that occurred in 54 plants operated by a major U.S. automobile manufacturer over a 3-year period. The injury data were obtained from a company-wide occupational injury and illness surveillance system which was implemented in 1989. The 916 PIV-related incidents resulted in 3 fatalities and 913 nonfatal injuries. The most common incident involved pedestrians (35%) who were struck by a PIV, or the load being carried by a PIV, or a rack or bin that had been struck by a PIV. Of the 913 nonfatal injuries, 41% resulted in an employee missing work and incurred a total of 22,730 lost workdays, an average of 61 days per lost workday incident. Recommendations are presented to reduce the risk of injury, for example by separating PIV and pedestrian traffic, restricting the use of forklifts in an area where a large number of pedestrians travel and improving the training of all personnel who drive PIVs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:513-521, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Smith, G S AU - Baker, S P AU - Warner, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 513 EP - 521 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Education KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Absenteeism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Automobiles KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70789339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+criteria+for+determining+comparability+of+%22well-characterized%22+proteins.&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of forklift and other powered industrial vehicle incidents. AN - 70782696; 10506734 AB - This study examined risk factors associated with forklift and other powered industrial vehicle (PIV) collision injuries with an emphasis on the design of factory traffic systems, the loading and safety features of PIVs, and the characteristics of the drivers. A case-control study examined risk factors for circumstances of injury-producing PIV incidents at eight automotive manufacturing plants between July 1992 and March 1995. A computerized safety and health surveillance system identified 171 incidents where a PIV (forklift 70%, personnel carriers 15%, other 15%) was involved in a collision incident. Site visits were conducted to collect data regarding the factory environment at the collision site, the PIVs involved in the incidents, and driver characteristics. These data were compared with information collected from a random sample of comparison worksites, PIVs, and PIV drivers who had not been involved in a PIV-related incident in the prior 3 years. In half of the cases (86 of 171), an employee (pedestrian) was struck by a PIV or an object being carried by the PIV. The presence of an obstruction that restricted the aisle width increased the odds of a collision incident 1.89 times (95% CI=1.22, 2.86). The presence of overhead mirrors at intersections and blind corners with limited visibility reduced the odds of a PIV collision incident by a third (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.16, 0.68). When carrying a load, the odds of a PIV being involved in a collision was 1.58 (95% CI=1.03, 2.41) times greater than an unloaded one. Changes in the factory environment, vehicle safety features, and driver and pedestrian training are suggested to reduce the risk of PIV incidents. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:522-531, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Smith, G S AU - Baker, S P AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Warner, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 522 EP - 531 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Equipment Safety KW - Workplace KW - Population Surveillance KW - Education KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Automobiles KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70782696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+forklift+and+other+powered+industrial+vehicle+incidents.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+G+S%3BBaker%2C+S+P%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BWarner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary arsenic intakes in the United States: FDA Total Diet Study, September 1991-December 1996. AN - 69464273; 10755138 AB - The FDA has conducted the Total Dietary Study (TDS), a yearly market basket programme, since 1961. It is designed to monitor the levels of toxic chemical contaminants (pesticide residues, industrial and elemental contaminants) and essential nutrients in the US food supply. It also provides information on trends in dietary concentrations and exposures for the general population. Foods are collected from retail stores once a year from each of four geographic areas of the US and are analysed either after preparation/cooking or as ready-to-eat. The latest TDS (1991-1997) data show that arsenic (inorganic and organic, > or = 0.03 ppm) was found in 63 (24%) of the 261-264 foods/mixed dishes analysed. The highest concentration was found in seafood, followed by rice/rice cereal, mushrooms, and poultry. Based on the United States Department of Agriculture's 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, the estimated daily total arsenic average intakes, in microgram/day, are: 2 for infants, 23 for toddlers, 20 for 6-year-old children, 13 for 10-year-old children, 15 for 14-16-year-old boys, 21 for 14-16-year-old girls, 57 for 25-30-year-old men, 28 for 25-30-year-old women, 47 for 40-45-year-old men, 37 for 40-45-year-old women, 92 for 60-65-year-old men, 72 for 60-65-year-old women, 69 for 70-year-old men, and 42 for 70-year-old women. Of the estimated total arsenic intakes for infants, 42% arise from seafood and 31% from rice/rice cereals. Of the estimated total arsenic intakes, seafood contributes 76-90% for children (2-10-year olds), 79-85% for 14-16-year olds, and 89-96% for adults (> or = 25-30-year olds); rice/rice cereals contributes 4-8% for children, 8% for 14-16-year olds, and 1-4% for adults (> or = 25-30-year olds). JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Tao, S S AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. stao@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 465 EP - 472 VL - 16 IS - 11 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Oryza -- chemistry KW - Diet Surveys KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food Contamination KW - Diet KW - Arsenic -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69464273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Dietary+arsenic+intakes+in+the+United+States%3A+FDA+Total+Diet+Study%2C+September+1991-December+1996.&rft.au=Tao%2C+S+S%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 69436528; 10682936 AB - Malachite green, an N-methylated diaminotriphenylmethane dye, has been widely used as an antifungal agent in commercial fish hatcheries. Malachite green is reduced to and persists as leucomalachite green in the tissues of fish. Female and male B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were fed up to 1200 ppm malachite green or 1160 ppm leucomalachite green for 28 days to determine the toxicity and metabolism of the dyes. Apoptosis in the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder occurred in all mice fed the highest dose of leucomalachite green. This was not observed with malachite green. Hepatocyte vacuolization was present in rats administered malachite green or leucomalachite green. Rats given leucomalachite green also had apoptotic thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Decreased T4 and increased TSH levels were observed in male rats given leucomalachite green. A comparison of adverse effects suggests that exposure of rats or mice to leucomalachite green causes a greater number of and more severe changes than exposure to malachite green. N-Demethylated and N-oxidized malachite green and leucomalachite green metabolites, including primary arylamines, were detected by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the livers of treated rats. 32P-Postlabeling analyses indicated a single adduct or co-eluting adducts in the liver DNA. These data suggest that malachite green and leucomalachite green are metabolized to primary and secondary arylamines in the tissues of rodents and that these derivatives, following subsequent activation, may be responsible for the adverse effects associated with exposure to malachite green. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Culp, S J AU - Blankenship, L R AU - Kusewitt, D F AU - Doerge, D R AU - Mulligan, L T AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sculp@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 01 SP - 153 EP - 170 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urinary Bladder -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Apoptosis KW - Vacuoles -- pathology KW - Thyrotropin -- blood KW - Thyroid Gland -- pathology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Vacuoles -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- toxicity KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Aniline Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69436528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Rhabdomyolysis+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus--positive+patients+taking+trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.&rft.au=Singer%2C+S+J%3BRacoosin%2C+J+A%3BViraraghavan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's 1997 priority list of hazardous substances. Latent effects--carcinogenesis, neurotoxicology, and developmental deficits in humans and animals. AN - 69434206; 10677885 AB - In support of Superfund re-authorization legislation, the Division of Toxicology of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a chemical-specific consultation document for Congress that identified those chemicals with carcinogenic, neurological, or developmental adverse effects having a latency period longer than 6 years. The review was limited to the top 50 substances listed on ATSDR's 1997 Priority List of Hazardous Substances (Priority List). Among the top 50 chemicals, a review of the technical literature indicated that 38 (76%) were classified as "reasonably anticipated," "possibly," or "probably" capable of causing cancer in humans, based either on human and animal data. Eight chemicals (16%) had well-established cancer latency periods in humans of 6 years or more following exposure. Three substances (6%)--arsenic, creosote, and benzidine--had data indicating latency periods longer than 6 years. The technical literature review likewise confirmed the potential for neurological and developmental effects with a latency of 6 years. Twenty-seven (54%) of the top 50 substances caused acute and/or chronic neurotoxic effects; a number of these also caused neurological effects that persisted beyond 6 years (or the equivalent in animal studies) such as: behavioral problems, neurological deficiencies, reduced psychomotor development, cognitive deficiencies, and reduced IQ. Twenty-eight substances (56%) caused adverse developmental effects in offspring of exposed individuals or animals including increased fetal and infant mortality, decreased birth weights and litter sizes, and growth delays. Latency periods for related chemicals are expected to be similar due to structural and toxicological similarities. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Ostrowski, S R AU - Wilbur, S AU - Chou, C H AU - Pohl, H R AU - Stevens, Y W AU - Allred, P M AU - Roney, N AU - Fay, M AU - Tylenda, C A AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Sro1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 602 EP - 644 VL - 15 IS - 7 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Neurotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Developmental Disabilities -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Registries KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Neurotoxins -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69434206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%27s+1997+priority+list+of+hazardous+substances.+Latent+effects--carcinogenesis%2C+neurotoxicology%2C+and+developmental+deficits+in+humans+and+animals.&rft.au=Ostrowski%2C+S+R%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BChou%2C+C+H%3BPohl%2C+H+R%3BStevens%2C+Y+W%3BAllred%2C+P+M%3BRoney%2C+N%3BFay%2C+M%3BTylenda%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Ostrowski&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse bioassay and characterization of ras mutations in liver tumors from treated mice. AN - 69423103; 10656603 AB - The nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) 1-, 2-, and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene, 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene, 9-nitrodibenz[a,c]anthracene, and two of the parent PAHs fluoranthene and dibenz[a,c]anthracene were tested for tumorigenicity in the neonatal male B6C3F1 mouse. 6-Nitrochrysene was used as a positive control. Mice were administered three intraperitoneal injections of test agent (400 nmol total) on 1, 8, and 15 days after birth and evaluated for liver and lung tumors at 12 months of age. 2-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene and 6-nitrochrysene induced a high incidence of liver tumors (91-100%), while the remaining test compounds did not induce tumors at a rate significantly higher than the solvent control. 6-Nitrochrysene was the only test agent to produce a significant increase in the frequency of lung tumors. K- and H-ras mutations were analyzed in liver tumors of treated mice and mainly occurred at the first base of K-ras codon 13, resulting in GGC --> CGC transversion. Since most of the tested nitro-PAHs are mutagens in vitro, the results of this study indicate that the in vitro mutagenicity of these compounds does not correlate with their tumorigenicity in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse bioassay. Also, the results indicate that liver tumors from mice treated with nitro-PAHs possess ras mutations typical of PAHs and their derivatives. JF - Cancer letters AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Xia, Q AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Bucci, T J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 01 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 146 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Genes, ras KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69423103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+genomic+instability+in+lung+cancer+tissues+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis.&rft.au=Ong%2C+T+M%3BSong%2C+B%3BQian%2C+H+W%3BWu%2C+Z+L%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of magnetic field exposures for a mortality study at a uranium enrichment plant. AN - 69404403; 10635549 AB - A survey of workplace exposures to 60-Hz magnetic fields was carried out at a large uranium enrichment facility to assign exposures for an updated mortality study. Stratified random selection was used to choose workers for measurement in all jobs and areas, to determine whether consistent distinctions could be made between job groups based on average magnetic field exposures. A total of 252 workdays was measured with a personal monitor, and individual average magnetic field exposures ranged from 0.20 to 82.6 mG. A priori job groups showed significant differences between geometric mean exposures, which ranged from 0.80 to 3.51 mG. Most of these groups showed widely ranging exposures, so they were subdivided based on location and job title to improve the precision of the exposure assignments for the mortality study. These final assignments were made up of 26 groups having arithmetic means ranging from 0.43 to 24.9 mG, with most groups defined by location in addition to job title. In general, electrical maintenance workers did not have elevated magnetic field exposures (> 3 mG), but the exposures of the electricians in switchyard (substation) jobs were elevated. Available employment records did not allow most electricians to be distinguished based on location, so they were assigned exposures based on their plantwide average (above 7 mG). An estimated 9% of the work time of this cohort was spent at daily average exposures above 3 mG, despite the very large electric power consumption at this plant. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Wenzl, T B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 818 EP - 824 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Film Dosimetry KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Uranium -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Metallurgy KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69404403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+magnetic+field+exposures+for+a+mortality+study+at+a+uranium+enrichment+plant.&rft.au=Wenzl%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Wenzl&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of leakage from a metal machining center using tracer gas methods: a case study. AN - 69398759; 10635544 AB - To evaluate the efficacy of engineering controls in reducing worker exposure to metalworking fluids, an evaluation of an enclosure for a machining center during face milling was performed. The enclosure was built around a vertical metal machining center with an attached ventilation system consisting of a 25-cm diameter duct, a fan, and an air-cleaning filter. The evaluation method included using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas to determine the ventilation system's flow rate and capture efficiency, a respirable aerosol monitor (RAM) to identify aerosol leak locations around the enclosure, and smoke tubes and a velometer to evaluate air movement around the outside of the enclosure. Results of the tracer gas evaluation indicated that the control system was approximately 98% efficient at capturing tracer gas released near the spindle of the machining center. This result was not significantly different from 100% efficiency (p = 0.2). The measured SF6 concentration when released directly into the duct had a relative standard deviation of 2.2%; whereas, when releasing SF6 at the spindle, the concentration had a significantly higher relative standard deviation of 7.8% (p = 0.016). This increased variability could be due to a cyclic leakage at a small gap between the upper and lower portion of the enclosure or due to cyclic stagnation. Leakage also was observed with smoke tubes, a velometer, and an aerosol photometer. The tool and fluid motion combined to induce a periodic airflow in and out of the enclosure. These results suggest that tracer gas methods could be used to evaluate enclosure efficiency. However, smoke tubes and aerosol instrumentation such as optical particle counters or aerosol photometers also need to be used to locate leakage from enclosures. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Earnest, G S AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Mead, K R AU - D'Arcy, J B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 785 EP - 788 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Sulfur Hexafluoride KW - WS7LR3I1D6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sulfur Hexafluoride -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Metallurgy KW - Ventilation -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69398759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+leakage+from+a+metal+machining+center+using+tracer+gas+methods%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BEarnest%2C+G+S%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BMead%2C+K+R%3BD%27Arcy%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth curves and survival characteristics of the animals used in the Biomarkers of Aging Program. AN - 69384488; 10619312 AB - The collaborative Interagency Agreement between the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) was aimed at identifying and validating a panel of biomarkers of aging in rodents in order to rapidly test the efficacy and safety of interventions designed to slow aging. Another aim was to provide a basis for developing biomarkers of aging in humans, using the assumption that biomarkers that were useful across different genotypes and species were sensitive to fundamental processes that would extrapolate to humans. Caloric restriction (CR), the only intervention that consistently extends both mean and maximal life span in a variety of species, was used to provide a model with extended life span. C57BI/6NNia, DBA/2JNia, B6D2F1, and B6C3F1 mice and Brown Norway (BN/RijNia), Fischer (F344/NNia) and Fischer x Brown Norway hybrid (F344 x BN F1) rats were bred and maintained on study. NCTR generated data from over 60,000 individually housed animals of the seven different genotypes and both sexes, approximately half ad libitum (AL) fed, the remainder CR. Approximately half the animals were shipped to offsite NIA investigators internationally, with the majority of the remainder maintained at NCTR until they died. The collaboration supplied a choice of healthy, long-lived rodent models to investigators, while allowing for the development of some of the most definitive information on life span, food consumption, and growth characteristics in these genotypes under diverse feeding paradigms. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Turturro, A AU - Witt, W W AU - Lewis, S AU - Hass, B S AU - Lipman, R D AU - Hart, R W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. aturturro@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - B492 EP - B501 VL - 54 IS - 11 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Aging KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Growth KW - Longevity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69384488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Growth+curves+and+survival+characteristics+of+the+animals+used+in+the+Biomarkers+of+Aging+Program.&rft.au=Turturro%2C+A%3BWitt%2C+W+W%3BLewis%2C+S%3BHass%2C+B+S%3BLipman%2C+R+D%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=B492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biphasic effects of octylphenol on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats. AN - 69375792; 10613393 AB - The present studies evaluated the suitability of using cultured dispersed testicular cells from neonatal rats as a source for fetal Leydig cells and the use of these cells to examine direct toxic effects of environmental/occupational chemicals on androgen biosynthesis. For the current studies, the direct actions of octylphenol (OP), a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of various detergents, on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured rat neonatal Leydig cells were examined. Octylphenol is considered a xenoestrogen and has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen in many cellular systems. Following exposure of cultured cells for 24 h to varying concentrations of OP (1 to 2000 nM) together with 10 mlU/mL human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the lower concentrations of OP (1 and 10 nM) consistently enhanced testosterone levels (approximately 10 to 70% above control), whereas higher OP concentrations (100 to 2000 nM) progressively decreased testosterone from peak levels to approximately 40 to 80% below control at the highest OP concentration. Interestingly, increasing concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (1 to 1000 nM) were without effect on testosterone biosynthesis under the same conditions, and the biphasic pattern of testosterone biosynthesis elicited by increasing OP concentrations was unaffected by concomitant treatment with 10 or 100 nM ICI 182,780, which is considered a pure estrogen antagonist. Therefore, the actions of OP on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured neonatal Leydig cells do not appear to be mediated through the classic estrogen receptor alpha or beta pathway. Although the increase in testosterone levels after exposure to lower OP concentrations and to 0.1 and 1.0 mM 8-Br-cAMP was attenuated, suggesting that lower OP concentrations may alter cellular cAMP levels, because hCG-stimulated cAMP levels were unaffected by any of the OP concentrations evaluated, it appears that its main site(s) of action occurs after the generation of cAMP. In addition, because pretreatment of cells with increasing OP concentrations and hCG had no effect on the conversion of steroid precursors (22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, or androstenedione) to testosterone, it seems that the main actions of OP under the present conditions occur before the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage step. Furthermore, because concomitant treatment of cells with various antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, or ascorbic acid) did not alter the biphasic pattern of testosterone response to increasing concentrations of OP and hCG, it seems that OP is not acting as an anti- or pro-oxidant in producing these effects. It will be important to determine whether this dose-sensitive response to OP is observed in vivo, and whether the maturational status of Leydig cells influences their pattern of response to OP and similar chemicals. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C AU - de León, J H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. EEM8@CDC.GOV PY - 1999 SP - 451 EP - 462 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 4-octylphenol KW - 7DF2B8LH3P KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Binding Sites KW - Rats KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- metabolism KW - Estradiol -- toxicity KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Leydig Cells -- metabolism KW - Leydig Cells -- enzymology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Testosterone -- biosynthesis KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69375792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Biphasic+effects+of+octylphenol+on+testosterone+biosynthesis+by+cultured+Leydig+cells+from+neonatal+rats.&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C%3Bde+Le%C3%B3n%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in milk using liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. AN - 69344227; 10589486 AB - Abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin are macrocyclic lactones derived from soil dwelling actinomycetes, and are very effective against nematode, insect, and arthropod infestations. These compounds, known as endectocides, have been approved for use in beef cattle in the United States; however, they are currently not approved for use in dairy cattle. Abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin residues were isolated from milk by a series of liquid-liquid extraction steps, derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride, and determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recovery studies were performed in 2 laboratories. Recoveries of > 80% (1-30 ng/mL) were achieved for all 4 compounds. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, F J AU - Lagman, L H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1340 EP - 1344 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antiparasitic Agents KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - abamectin KW - 5U8924T11H KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Antiparasitic Agents -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69344227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+abamectin%2C+doramectin%2C+ivermectin%2C+and+moxidectin+in+milk+using+liquid+chromatography+and+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BLagman%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maintenance and sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets and curtains three years after a controlled trial in western Kenya. AN - 69337969; 10588766 AB - In large experimental trials throughout Africa, insecticide-treated bednets and curtains have reduced child mortality in malaria-endemic communities by 15%-30%. While few questions remain about the efficacy of this intervention, operational issues around how to implement and sustain insecticide-treated materials (ITM) projects need attention. We revisited the site of a small-scale ITM intervention trial, 3 years after the project ended, to assess how local attitudes and practices had changed. Qualitative and quantitative methods, including 16 focus group discussions and a household survey (n = 60), were employed to assess use, maintenance, retreatment and perceptions of ITM and the insecticide in former study communities. Families that had been issued bednets were more likely to have kept and maintained them and valued bednets more highly than those who had been issued curtains. While most households retained their original bednets, none had treated them with insecticide since the intervention trial was completed 3 years earlier. Most of those who had been issued bednets repaired them, but none acquired new or replacement nets. In contrast, households that had been issued insecticide-treated curtains often removed them. Three (15%) of the households issued curtains had purchased one or more bednets since the study ended. In households where bednets had been issued, children 10 years of age and younger were a third as likely to sleep under a net as were adults (relative risk (RR) = 0. 32; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.19, 0.53). Understanding how and why optimal ITM use declined following this small-scale intervention trial can suggest measures that may improve the sustainability of current and future ITM efforts. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Kachur, S P AU - Phillips-Howard, P A AU - Odhacha, A M AU - Ruebush, T K AU - Oloo, A J AU - Nahlen, B L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3729, USA. spk0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 728 EP - 735 VL - 4 IS - 11 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Malaria -- prevention & control KW - Time KW - Kenya KW - Humans KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Bedding and Linens -- economics KW - Bedding and Linens -- utilization KW - Mosquito Control -- economics KW - Maintenance -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69337969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Maintenance+and+sustained+use+of+insecticide-treated+bednets+and+curtains+three+years+after+a+controlled+trial+in+western+Kenya.&rft.au=Kachur%2C+S+P%3BPhillips-Howard%2C+P+A%3BOdhacha%2C+A+M%3BRuebush%2C+T+K%3BOloo%2C+A+J%3BNahlen%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Kachur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Apr;6(4):324-5 [11348524] Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Jan;6(1):85-6 [11251900] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of metabolism-based drug interactions with alprazolam, midazolam, and triazolam. AN - 69312462; 10579141 AB - This review was conducted to identify the current data on drug interactions with alprazolam, midazolam, and triazolam to guide practitioners in the use of these drugs. The Medline electronic database from 1966 through 1998 was used to identify clinical studies of the pharmacokinetic effect of drugs on these three benzodiazepines. Of a total of 491 literature reports identified, 59 prospective studies met our selection criteria. The pharmacokinetic parameters of AUC, Cmax, t1/2, and tmax were evaluated for changes following an interaction. To allow comparison between studies, changes in the parameters were normalized relative to the control values. Pharmacodynamic effects and measures, when reported in the original studies as statistically significant, were classified as a strong interaction, and when the interaction was present but not statistically significant, they were classified as mild in this review. As a result, clinically significant drug interactions were noted for all three benzodiazepines, although it is clear that statistically significant pharmacokinetic changes do not always translate into clinically significant pharmacodynamic consequences. All three benzodiazepines were susceptible to drug interactions, but oral dosing of midazolam and triazolam resulted in greater alterations in the pharmacokinetic parameters than alprazolam due to their larger presystemic extraction. Ketoconazole and itraconazole were found to be the most potent metabolic inhibitors that prolonged the duration of or intensified the magnitude of the dynamic response produced by the three benzodiazepines. Rifampin, carbamazepine, and phenytoin were noted to be potent metabolic inducers, and their treatments result in loss of benzodiazepine therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, potent metabolic inhibitors and inducers can either significantly prolong or diminish the dynamic effects of benzodiazepines via their influence on the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Yuan, R AU - Flockhart, D A AU - Balian, J D AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1109 EP - 1125 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Triazolam KW - 1HM943223R KW - Itraconazole KW - 304NUG5GF4 KW - Midazolam KW - R60L0SM5BC KW - Ketoconazole KW - R9400W927I KW - Alprazolam KW - YU55MQ3IZY KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Itraconazole -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Ketoconazole -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Alprazolam -- pharmacokinetics KW - Midazolam -- pharmacokinetics KW - Triazolam -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alprazolam -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Triazolam -- pharmacology KW - Midazolam -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69312462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+and+pharmacodynamic+consequences+of+metabolism-based+drug+interactions+with+alprazolam%2C+midazolam%2C+and+triazolam.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+R%3BFlockhart%2C+D+A%3BBalian%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a mail-out continuing education article to teach health professionals about drug-induced disease. AN - 69308409; 10579142 AB - A U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Georgetown University Medical Center conference was the basis for "Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug-Induced Disease," the first MEDWATCH continuing education (CE) mail-out article. Developed as a major component of FDA MEDWATCH post-marketing surveillance outreach, the article used a clinical therapeutic approach to discuss topics including adverse drug events (ADEs) pharmacology and ADE reporting. Distributed nationwide through the MEDWATCH Partners, health professionals applied for CE credit by completing a self-assessment examination. With the overall response rate slightly more than 2%, 15,260 health professionals (55% physicians and 37% pharmacists) received CE credit. Evaluation of the initial approximately two-thirds (N = 10,021) of successfully completed exams found 99% agreement that stated learning objectives were met, and the article relevant to their clinical practice; spontaneous comments/letters were also very positive. The highest percentage responding specialists were internists (28%) and psychiatrists (17%), with notable differences found among specialties for response rate versus relative article distribution (such as relatively low response rates among surgeons and radiology/radiation physics specialists). The number of health professionals receiving CE credit, coupled with examination performance and overall response, indicates that "Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug-Induced Disease" was well received and fulfilled learning objectives. The results provide encouragement for this continuing educational approach. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Goldman, S A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1126 EP - 1135 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Self-Evaluation Programs KW - Education, Continuing -- methods KW - Health Personnel -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69308409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+mail-out+continuing+education+article+to+teach+health+professionals+about+drug-induced+disease.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of vomitoxin (Deoxnivalenol) on testicular morphology, testicular spermatid counts and epididymal sperm counts in IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 [TmlKopf] (IL-6 gene deficient)] and WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] mice. AN - 69273510; 10566878 AB - The potential of vomitoxin (VT) to affect testicular morphology and testicular and epididymal sperm counts was assessed in three strains of mice: IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 (tmlKopf) (IL-6 gene deficient)], WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] and B6C3F1 mice in a 90-day feeding study. The treated mice received VT at a concentration of 10 ppm in their diet. The body weight of VT-treated animals was significantly reduced compared with control animals. Slight changes, not statistically significant, were observed in relative testis weight and testicular spermatid counts. Histological changes were not apparent in the testes of VT-treated animals. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the height of the seminiferous epithelium and the number of Sertoli cell nucleoli per cross-sectioned seminiferous tubule in the VT-treated groups were not significantly different from their respective untreated controls. The IL-6KO and B6C3F1 VT-treated mice had significantly reduced cauda epididymal weights compared with their respective controls. These changes were not attributed to decreased sperm counts and this finding suggests that VT may exert an adverse affect on the epididymis. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sprando, R L AU - Pestka, J AU - Collins, T F AU - Rorie, J AU - O'Donnell, M AU - Hinton, D AU - Chirtel, S AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1073 EP - 1079 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Spermatids -- drug effects KW - Epididymis -- cytology KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-6 -- genetics KW - Interleukin-6 -- deficiency KW - Epididymis -- drug effects KW - Testis -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69273510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+vomitoxin+%28Deoxnivalenol%29+on+testicular+morphology%2C+testicular+spermatid+counts+and+epididymal+sperm+counts+in+IL-6KO+%5BB6129-IL6+%5BTmlKopf%5D+%28IL-6+gene+deficient%29%5D+and+WT+%5BB6129F2+%28wild+type+to+B6129-IL6+with+an+intact+IL-6+gene%29%5D+mice.&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BPestka%2C+J%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BRorie%2C+J%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M%3BHinton%2C+D%3BChirtel%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of an alpha hydroxy acid (glycolic acid) on hairless guinea pig skin permeability. AN - 69271039; 10566882 AB - The barrier integrity of hairless guinea pig skin after treatment with an alpha hydroxy acid was assessed through in vivo topical application of an oil-in-water emulsion containing 5 or 10% glycolic acid at pH 3.0. The control was a commercial moisturizing lotion, pH 7.8. A dosing regimen for the glycolic acid formulations that was tolerated by the hairless guinea pigs and significantly decreased stratum corneum turnover time was determined using the dansyl chloride staining technique. Once-daily dosing of hairless guinea pig skin for 3 weeks with the glycolic acid formulations resulted in approximately a 36-39% decrease in stratum corneum turnover time compared with the control lotion. After this treatment, hairless guinea pigs were sacrificed for the in vitro measurement of the percutaneous absorption of [14C]hydroquinone and [14C]musk xylol. No significant differences in the 24-hour absorption of either test compound were found for skin treated with the control lotion or the glycolic acid formulations. There were also no significant differences found in the absorption of [3H]water through skin from the different treatment groups. Although no increase in skin penetration occurred after treatment with the glycolic acid formulations, histology revealed approximately a twofold increase in epidermal thickness. Also the number of nucleated cell layers nearly doubled in skin treated with 5% and 10% glycolic acid compared with the control lotion and untreated skin. These studies demonstrate that substantial changes in the structure of hairless guinea pig epidermis can occur without significant effect on skin permeability of two model compounds. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Hood, H L AU - Kraeling, M E AU - Robl, M G AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office of Cosmetics & Colors, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1105 EP - 1111 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Dansyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Glycolates KW - Hydroquinones KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - Ointments KW - Xylenes KW - glycolic acid KW - 0WT12SX38S KW - musk xylene KW - 1ZAO16GU5K KW - dansyl chloride KW - QMU9166TJ4 KW - hydroquinone KW - XV74C1N1AE KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Dansyl Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Skin -- ultrastructure KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Hydroquinones -- pharmacokinetics KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Xylenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Administration, Topical KW - Keratolytic Agents -- toxicity KW - Skin Absorption -- drug effects KW - Glycolates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69271039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+an+alpha+hydroxy+acid+%28glycolic+acid%29+on+hairless+guinea+pig+skin+permeability.&rft.au=Hood%2C+H+L%3BKraeling%2C+M+E%3BRobl%2C+M+G%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Promoting Safe Work for Young Workers: A Community-Based Approach. A Resource Guide Documenting the Experiences of Three Young Worker Projects. AN - 62315578; ED445139 AB - This guide presents the lessons learned from three health education projects that focused on young worker issues and were funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In these projects, occupational health educators worked for 3 years, in three different communities, to raise the awareness of young worker issues, including those related to students working part-time, at the community level. In this guide, the educators convey what they learned and provide information about materials that can be modified and used in other communities to meet their own needs. The three projects were developed in Brocton, Massachusetts; Oakland, California; and Los Angeles, California. Steps in coordinating a young worker project are outlined. Working with community partners, including peers of young workers, their parents, employers, and other citizens, is reviewed. Three appendixes contain a summary of child labor laws, a list of agencies and organizations that may help in program development, and a list of 21 resources and books for additional information. (SLD) AU - Bush, Diane AU - Gonzalez-Arroyo, Michele AU - Stock, Laura AU - Delp, Linda AU - Miara, Christine AU - Dewey, Robin AU - Sinclair, Raymond C. AU - Ortega, Maria J. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 57 PB - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Tel: 800-356-4674 (Toll Free); Fax: 513-533-8573; e-mail: pubstaff@cdc.gov; Web site: www.cdc.gov/niosh. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Safety Education KW - Employers KW - Occupational Safety and Health KW - Program Implementation KW - Young Adults KW - Health Education KW - Adolescents KW - Part Time Employment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62315578?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Cooperative agreement partners: (1) Massachusetts N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of acinetobacter infections: 1987-1996 AN - 17885167; 5123698 AB - To determine whether nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter species have increased over the past 10 years and whether infections continue to have a pronounced seasonal variation, we analyzed infections reported by hospitals in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System that performed adult and pediatric intensive care unit surveillance from 1987 through 1996. Overall, 3447 nosocomial acinetobacter infections were reported during 5,596,156 patient-days. There was a yearly median of 7.2 infections (range, 5.0-10.5) per 10,000 patient-days and a downward trend in the rate of acinetobacter infections overall (P < 0.05) and of 2 major types of infection (P < 0.05): bloodstream infections (yearly median, 1.6 per 10,000 central venous catheter -days; range, 1.3-2.9) and pneumonia (yearly median, 7.6 per 10,000 ventilator-days; range, 6.5-12.0). Throughout this period, average rates were significantly higher during July-October than during November-June for acinetobacter infections overall (8.0 vs. 5.2; P < 0.01) and for bloodstream infections (2.0 vs. 1.2; P < 0.01) and pneumonia (9.7 vs. 6.6; P < 0.01). JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - McDonald, L C AU - Banerjee, ShN AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1133 EP - 1137 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acinetobacter KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Bacteremia KW - Seasonal variations KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+acinetobacter+infections%3A+1987-1996&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BBanerjee%2C+ShN%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acinetobacter; Nosocomial infection; Seasonal variations; Bacteremia; Pneumonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Commercial Heat-Shock Process on Vibrio vulnificus in the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Harvested from the Gulf Coast AN - 17661868; 4684663 AB - Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested from the Gulf Coast, containing 10 super(2) to 10 super(4) most probable number (MPN) per gram of Vibrio vulnificus, were subjected to a commercial heat-shock process. After 1 to 4 min at internal oyster meat temperatures exceeding 50 degree C, shellstock oysters were shucked, chilled, washed, and packed. V. vulnificus and total bacterial levels in Gulf Coast oysters were significantly reduced from 1 to 4 logs in the finished product. Similar reductions were not observed in shellstock oysters that were subject to conventional processing. Under the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, heat shocking is an acceptable process to use to assist in the shucking of shellstock. This research revealed that the heat-shock process may also serve to significantly reduce V. vulnificus in summer Gulf Coast oysters. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hesselman, D M AU - Motes, M L AU - Lewis, J P AD - Mobile Resident Post, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Mobile, AL 36693, USA, mmotes@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1266 EP - 1269 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Eastern oyster KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Gulf Coast KW - USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - shucking KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Microbial contamination KW - Microbiological Studies KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Food technology KW - Heat shock KW - Seafood KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Water Quality KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Processing fishery products KW - Vibrio KW - Population control KW - Oysters KW - Shellfish KW - Oyster fisheries KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - Q1 08201:General KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17661868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Commercial+Heat-Shock+Process+on+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+the+American+Oyster%2C+Crassostrea+virginica%2C+Harvested+from+the+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=Hesselman%2C+D+M%3BMotes%2C+M+L%3BLewis%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Hesselman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Processing fishery products; Population control; Food technology; Pathogenic bacteria; Heat shock; Shellfish; Seafood; Microbial contamination; Oyster fisheries; Public health; Food contamination; Vibrio; Public Health; Oysters; Water Quality; Pathogens; Microbiological Studies; ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A matched case-control study of convenience store robbery risk factors AN - 17463449; 4670686 AB - Convenience store clerks have been shown to be at high risk for assault and homicide, mostly owing to robbery or robbery attempts. Although the literature consistently indicates that at least some environmental designs are effective deterrents of robbery, the significance of individual interventions and policies has differed across past studies. To address these issues, a matched case-control study of 400 convenience store robberies in three metropolitan areas of Virginia was conducted. Conditional logistic regression was implemented to evaluate the significance of various environmental designs and other factors possibly related to convenience store robbery. Findings indicate that numerous characteristics of the surrounding environment and population were significantly associated with convenience store robbery. Results also showed that, on a univariate level, most crime prevention factors were significantly associated with a lower risk for robbery. Using a forward selection process, a multivariate model, which included cash handling policy, bullet-resistant shielding, and numerous characteristics of the surrounding area and population, was identified. This study addressed numerous limitations of the previous literature by prospectively collecting extensive data on a large sample of diverse convenience stores and directly addressing the current theory on the robbers' selection of a target store through a matched case-control design. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hendricks, SA AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Amandus, HE AU - Malcan, J AU - Bell, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S P1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 995 EP - 1004 VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - convenience store clerks KW - crime KW - homicide KW - retail industry KW - robberies KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Occupational safety KW - Violence KW - Hazards KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17463449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+matched+case-control+study+of+convenience+store+robbery+risk+factors&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+SA%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BAmandus%2C+HE%3BMalcan%2C+J%3BBell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Hazards; Violence; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hospitalizations for Vehicle Associated Injuries in Wisconsin AN - 17433191; 4656988 AB - Computerized data from the Wisconsin Office of Health Care Information (OHCI) was utilized to evaluate the epidemiology of vehicle associated injuries treated in acute care Wisconsin hospitals in 1997. There were 6043 vehicle associated injuries which required hospitalization in Wisconsin in 1997, a rate of 141 per 100,000 males and 91 per 100,000 females. Seventy-eight percent of these were motor vehicle traffic related (8% of which involved collisions with pedestrians), 9% were motor vehicle non-traffic related and 6% were pedal cycle related. This study demonstrates how the risk of these various types of vehicle related injuries varied with age, gender, and county of residence, and describes the distribution of morbidity associated with each type. The information described in this paper may be useful in developing hypotheses regarding the causes of vehicle related injuries in Wisconsin, and ultimately lead to the development of interventions which will decrease morbidity, mortality, and costs due to vehicle related injuries. JF - Wisconsin Medical Journal AU - Tavris AU - Kuhn, E M AU - Layde, P M AD - Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Dr, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 34 EP - 39 VL - 98 IS - 7 SN - 0043-6542, 0043-6542 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - emergency medical services KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Morbidity KW - Accidents KW - Gender KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Hospitalizations+for+Vehicle+Associated+Injuries+in+Wisconsin&rft.au=Tavris%3BKuhn%2C+E+M%3BLayde%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Tavris&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wisconsin+Medical+Journal&rft.issn=00436542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Morbidity; Motor vehicles; Accidents; Age; Gender ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method to detect low levels of enteric viruses in contaminated oysters AN - 17419325; 4640628 AB - Direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring PCR inhibitors, and low levels of virus contamination. In this study we focused on developing rapid and efficient oyster-processing procedures that can be used for sensitive PCR detection of viruses in raw oysters. Poliovirus type 3 (PV3) Sabin strain was used to evaluate the efficacy of virus recovery and the removal of PCR inhibitors during oyster-processing procedures. These procedures included elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation, solvent extraction, and RNA extraction. Acid adsorption-elution in which glycine buffer (pH 7.5) was used was found to retain fewer inhibitors than direct elution in which glycine buffer (pH 9.5) was used. RNA extraction in which a silica gel membrane was used was more effective than single-step RNA precipitation for removing additional nonspecific PCR inhibitors. The final 10- mu l volume of RNA concentrates obtained from 2 g of oyster tissue (concentration factor, 200-fold) was satisfactory for efficient reverse transcription-PCR detection of virus. The overall detection sensitivity of our method was 1 PFU/g of oyster tissue initially seeded with PV3. The method was utilized to investigate a 1998 gastroenteritis outbreak in California in which contaminated oysters were the suspected disease transmission vehicle. A genogroup II Norwalk-like virus was found in two of three recalled oyster samples linked by tags to the harvest dates and areas associated with the majority of cases. The method described here improves the response to outbreaks and can be used for rapid and sensitive detection of viral agents in outbreak-implicated oysters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Shieh, Y-SC AU - Calci, K R AU - Baric, R S AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA, ycs@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 4709 EP - 4714 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - USA, California KW - enteric viruses KW - oysters KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Human diseases KW - Pollution detection KW - Food poisoning KW - Separation processes KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Crassostrea KW - Public health KW - Enterovirus KW - Quality control KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Gastroenteritis KW - Oyster fisheries KW - Nucleic acids KW - Separation techniques KW - Fishery products KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q4 27160:Methods and instruments KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17419325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+method+to+detect+low+levels+of+enteric+viruses+in+contaminated+oysters&rft.au=Shieh%2C+Y-SC%3BCalci%2C+K+R%3BBaric%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Shieh&rft.aufirst=Y-SC&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Pollution detection; Quality control; Food poisoning; Microbial contamination; Oyster fisheries; Fishery products; Public health; Polymerase chain reaction; Food contamination; Gastroenteritis; Separation techniques; Separation processes; Nucleic acids; Enterovirus; Crassostrea; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of B cells, but not specific antibodies, in primary and secondary protective immunity to the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain AN - 17399630; 4629458 AB - Although there appears to be little if any role for specific antibodies in protection against intracellular bacteria, such as the model pathogen F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), the role of B cells themselves in primary and secondary infection with such bacteria has not been examined directly. We show here that mice deficient in mature B cells and antibodies (B-cell knockout mice) are marginally compromised in controlling primary sublethal infection but are 100-fold less well protected against secondary lethal challenge than are their normal counterparts. This defect in optimal specific protective immunity was readily reconstituted by the transfer of primed, and to a lesser degree, unprimed B cells, but not by the transfer of specific antibodies. The results indicate a previously unappreciated role for B cells in secondary immunity to intracellular pathogens through a function other than antibody production. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Elkins, K L AU - Bosio, C M AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AD - DBP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA, elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 6002 EP - 6007 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - knockout mice KW - immunology KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Intracellular KW - Immunity KW - Antibody response KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06749:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17399630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Importance+of+B+cells%2C+but+not+specific+antibodies%2C+in+primary+and+secondary+protective+immunity+to+the+intracellular+bacterium+Francisella+tularensis+live+vaccine+strain&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BBosio%2C+C+M%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6002&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Lymphocytes B; Vaccines; Antibody response; Immunity; Antibodies; Intracellular ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeated administration of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides expressing CpG motifs provides long-term protection against bacterial infection AN - 17398461; 4629445 AB - Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing unmethylated CpG motifs stimulate an innate immune response characterized by the production of polyreactive immunoglobulin M antibodies and immunomodulatory cytokines. This immune response has been shown to protect mice from challenge by Listeria monocytogenes and Francisella tularensis for up to 2 weeks. By repeatedly administering CpG ODN two to four times/month, we found that this protection could be maintained indefinitely. Protection was associated with a significant increase in the number of spleen cells that could be triggered by subsequent pathogen exposure to secrete gamma interferon and interleukin-6 in vivo (P < 0.01). ODN-treated animals remained healthy and developed neither macroscopic nor microscopic evidence of tissue damage or inflammation. Thus, repeated administration of CpG ODN may provide a safe means of conferring long-term protection against infectious pathogens. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Klinman, D M AU - Conover, J AU - Coban, C AD - Bldg. 29A Rm. 3 D 10, CBER/FDA Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Klinman@CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 5658 EP - 5663 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - CpG motifs KW - mice KW - immunology KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Oligodeoxynucleotides KW - oligodeoxynucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Antibody response KW - Immunization KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Cytokines KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33380:Antisense UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17398461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Repeated+administration+of+synthetic+oligodeoxynucleotides+expressing+CpG+motifs+provides+long-term+protection+against+bacterial+infection&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BConover%2C+J%3BCoban%2C+C&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Francisella tularensis; Vaccines; Cytokines; Immunoglobulin M; Antibody response; Immunization; Immune response; Immunoglobulins; ^g-Interferon; Interleukin 6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vaccine injury compensation programs worldwide AN - 17429956; 4641923 AB - Approximately a dozen countries provide some form of compensation for injuries (or deaths) following vaccination. More than anything else, they were instituted in the belief governments have a special responsibility to those injured by properly manufactured and administered vaccines used in public health programs. Administratively, most are managed through the national government, including decisions on eligibility for and amount of compensation. Eligibility may depend on the recipient's age, citizenship or residency status, category of vaccine (e.g., recommended, compulsory), the location it is administered (public vs private ambulatory setting), or satisfying certain time frames for filing a claim. Since few vaccine-related injuries have a clinical or laboratory marker, proving actual causation is difficult. Causation decisions are usually based on the balance of probabilities standard of more likely than not. All countries require that the effects be long lasting (e.g., greater than 6 months), and nearly all provide coverage for medical costs, disability pensions, and death benefits, while noneconomic damages (pain and suffering) are included much less frequently. Funding is generally from the national treasury, with some programs receiving support from lower governmental entities or vaccine manufacturers. After nearly 4 decades of operation, vaccine injury compensation program appears to be an increasingly accepted component of immunization programs today. While we have a much better understanding of their statutory purpose, frame work, process and outcome, there is much more to be learned. Future research should focus on vaccine compensation programs and (1) decision-making at the administrative level; (2) the utilization of outcome indicators in order to gauge effectiveness, including immunization acceptance; (3) the knowledge and attitudes of the public and medical community in host countries; and (4) the overall perspective of vaccine manufacturers. Insight into these and other areas will no doubt aid other countries as they consider implementing programs of their own. JF - Vaccine AU - Evans, G Y1 - 1999/10/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 29 SP - S25 EP - S35 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 17 KW - vaccination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Economics KW - Litigation KW - Liability KW - Side effects KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Vaccine+injury+compensation+programs+worldwide&rft.au=Evans%2C+G&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stress and DNA damage in Fischer rats following acute exposure to trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene AN - 17419830; 4641808 AB - Oxidative DNA damage is emerging as an biomarker of effect in studies assessing the health risks of occupational chemicals. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC) are used in the dry cleaning industry and their metabolism can produce reactive oxygen compounds. The present study examined the potential for TCE and PERC to induce oxidative DNA damage in rats that was detectable as increased urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-epi-prostaglandin F sub(2 alpha ) (8epiPGF) were also measured as biomarkers of increased oxidative stress. Male Fischer rats were administered a single i.p. injection of 0, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of PERC or TCE. Control rats received only vehicle (1:4 v/v of Alkamuls/water). A positive control group received 100 mg/kg 2-nitropropane (2NP). Rats were sacrificed 24 h after dosing. In rats receiving 2NP or TCE but not PERC, TBARS and the 8OHdG/dG ratios were significantly elevated in liver. Lymphocyte 8OHdG/dG was not affected significantly by 2NP, TCE or PERC. In rats receiving 2NP, urinary excretion of 8OHdG and 8epiPGF2 were significantly increased. In rats receiving TCE or PERC, significant increases in 8epiPGF2 or 8OHdG were not evident. Results indicate that a single high dose of TCE, but not PERC, can induce an increase in oxidative DNA damage in rat liver. However, the usefulness of 8OHdG as a biomarker of TCE-induced oxidative DNA damage is questionable. JF - Toxicology AU - Toraason, M AU - Clark, J AU - Dankovic, D AU - Mathias, P AU - Skaggs, S AU - Walker, C AU - Werren, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1999/10/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 29 SP - 43 EP - 53 VL - 138 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - perchloroethylene KW - rats KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA damage KW - Oxidative stress KW - Liver KW - Trichloroethylene KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17419830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stress+and+DNA+damage+in+Fischer+rats+following+acute+exposure+to+trichloroethylene+or+perchloroethylene&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BClark%2C+J%3BDankovic%2C+D%3BMathias%2C+P%3BSkaggs%2C+S%3BWalker%2C+C%3BWerren%2C+D&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Oxidative stress; DNA damage; Trichloroethylene ER - TY - GEN T1 - Declines in Teenage Birth Rates, 1991-98: Update of National and State Trends. AN - 62414984; ED435781 AB - This report includes national birth rates for teenagers for 1991-98; the percent of change, 1991-98; state-specific teenage birth rates for 1991 and 1997; and the percent change, 1991-97. Data are in the form of tabular and graphical descriptions of the trends in teenage birth rates by age group, race, and Hispanic origin of the mother. The data for 1997 and earlier years are based on 100 percent of the birth certificates registered in all states and the District of Columbia. Data for 1998 are preliminary, based on a sample file of more than 99 percent of births for that year. According to the statistics, birth rates for teenagers age 15-19 years declined nationally between 1991 and 1998 for all age, race, and Hispanic origin populations, with the steepest declines recorded for African American women. The teenage birth rate is close to a record low. Statistics show that most teenage births are to unmarried women. State-specific rates by age fell in all states, with most declines statistically significant. Overall declines ranged from 9 to 32 percent. (SM) AU - Ventura, Stephanie J. AU - Mathews, J. T. AU - Curtin, Sally C. Y1 - 1999/10/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 25 SP - 13 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782-2003. VL - 47 IS - 26 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Births to Single Women KW - Early Parenthood KW - Birth Rate KW - Females KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Pregnancy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62414984?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Preventing teenage pregnancy AN - 59780393; 2000-0205300 AB - Discusses national strategy to prevent out-of-wedlock teen pregnancies and encourage adolescents to abstain from sex, recent trends, and related Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) programs and research; US. Update available at www.hhs.gov/news/press/2000pres/20000808a.html JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, October 25 1999. Y1 - 1999/10/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 25 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Health and human services department KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Youth -- Sexual behavior KW - Teenage pregnancy -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Preventing+teenage+pregnancy&rft.title=Preventing+teenage+pregnancy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/1999pres/991025a.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freshly fractured crystalline silica induces activator protein-1 activation through ERKs and p38 MAPK. AN - 70844762; 10521445 AB - The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) reportedly plays an important role in the induction of neoplastic transformation and multiple genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. To investigate the mechanisms of silica-induced carcinogenesis, AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice were used as an in vivo model, whereas the JB6 mouse epidermal cell line and a rat lung epithelial cell line were employed as in vitro models to study the effects of silica at the molecular level. Freshly fractured silica caused an 8-fold increase in AP-1 activity in JB6 cells and a 2.5-fold increase in rat lung epithelial cells. The induction of AP-1 activity in cultured cell lines was time- and dose-dependent. Intratracheal administration of silica was also able to induce AP-1 transactivation in transgenic mice. AP-1 activation was first observed at 2 days after silica administration and reached its maximum at 3 days post-exposure of the mice to silica. The signal transduction pathways for AP-1 activation were also investigated using these cell lines. The results demonstrate that freshly fractured silica stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, as determined by the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs). Inhibition of ERKs with PD98059 or of p38 with SB203580 significantly inhibited silica-induced AP-1 activation. These findings demonstrate for the first time that freshly fractured silica induces AP-1 activation, which may be mediated through p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. Unraveling the complex mechanisms associated with these events may provide insights into the initiation and progression of silica-induced carcinogenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ding, M AU - Shi, X AU - Dong, Z AU - Chen, F AU - Lu, Y AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 22 SP - 30611 EP - 30616 VL - 274 IS - 43 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - 0 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Animals KW - Epidermis -- metabolism KW - Luciferases -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Kinetics KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Luciferases -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Silicon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70844762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Freshly+fractured+crystalline+silica+induces+activator+protein-1+activation+through+ERKs+and+p38+MAPK.&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BShi%2C+X%3BDong%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+F%3BLu%2C+Y%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-22&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=30611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of N-acetylphenothiazine by fungi AN - 17385682; 4613327 AB - Cultures of the fungi Aspergillus niger, Cunninghamella verticillata, and Penicillium simplicissimum, grown in a sucrose/peptone medium, transformed N-acetylphenothiazine to N-acetylphenothiazine sulfoxide (from 13% to 28% of the total) and phenothiazine sulfoxide (from 5% to 27%). Phenothiazin-3-one (4%) and phenothiazine N-glucoside (4%) were also produced by C. verticillata. The probable intermediate, phenothiazine, was detected only in cultures of P. simplicissimum (6%). JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Parshikov, IA AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AU - Moody, J D AU - Sutherland, J B AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jsutherland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/10/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 21 SP - 553 EP - 557 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - N-Acetylphenothiazine KW - N-Glucoside KW - N-acetylphenothiazine KW - N-glucoside KW - phenothiazin-3-one KW - phenothiazine KW - phenothiazine sulfoxide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Transformation KW - Penicillium simplicissimum KW - Fungi KW - Cell culture KW - Cunninghamella verticillata KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17385682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+N-acetylphenothiazine+by+fungi&rft.au=Parshikov%2C+IA%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J%3BMoody%2C+J+D%3BSutherland%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Parshikov&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=1999-10-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051559 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Cunninghamella verticillata; Penicillium simplicissimum; Fungi; Transformation; Cell culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051559 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for back injury in 31,076 retail merchandise store workers. AN - 70838479; 10522653 AB - Risk factors for work-associated strain or sprain back injuries were investigated in a cohort of 31,076 material handlers from 260 retail merchandise stores in the United States. The workers studied were those with significant material-handling responsibilities--daily lifting and movement of merchandise. Workers in jobs with the greatest physical work requirements had an injury rate of 3.64 per 100 person-years versus 1.82 in workers with lesser work requirements. The unadjusted injury rate for males was 3.67 per 100 person-years compared with 2.34 per 100 person-years for females, but the excess for males was confounded by higher physical work requirements for men in the stocker/receiver job category. The injury rate ratio for short versus long duration of employment was 3.53 (95% confidence interval: 2.90, 4.30); for medium versus long duration of employment, it was 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.62). The elevated rate ratios were maintained when the data were stratified by subsets with different rates of turnover. The results suggest that workers with the greatest physical work requirements and those with the shortest duration of employment are at the highest risk of back injuries. However, selection forces causing worker turnover within this cohort of active workers are not well characterized and have the potential to bias the measures for time-related factors such as duration of employment. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Gardner, L I AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Nelson, N A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 825 EP - 833 VL - 150 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Lifting KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sprains and Strains -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Back Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Back Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Sprains and Strains -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70838479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+back+injury+in+31%2C076+retail+merchandise+store+workers.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+L+I%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BNelson%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Arg-12 in the active site of Escherichia coli K1 CMP-sialic acid synthetase. AN - 70816119; 10510306 AB - Escherichia coli K1 CMP-sialic acid synthetase catalyses the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid from CTP and sialic acid. The active site of the 418 amino acid E. coli enzyme was localized to its N-terminal half. The bacterial CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzymes have a conserved motif, IAIIPARXXSKGLXXKN, at their N-termini. Several basic residues have been identified at or near the active site of the E. coli enzyme by chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. Only one of the lysines in the N-terminal motif, Lys-21, appears to be essential for activity. Mutation of Lys-21 in the N-terminal motif results in an inactive enzyme. Furthermore, Arg-12 of the N-terminal motif appears to be an active-site residue, based on the following evidence. Substituting Arg-12 with glycine or alanine resulted in inactive enzymes, indicating that this residue is required for enzymic activity. The Arg-12-->Lys mutant was partially active, demonstrating that a positive charge is required at this site. Steady-state kinetic analysis reveals changes in k(cat), K(m) and K(s) for CTP, which implicates Arg-12 in catalysis and substrate binding. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Stoughton, D M AU - Zapata, G AU - Picone, R AU - Vann, W F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial Products, OVRR, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 397 EP - 402 VL - 343 Pt 2 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - 0 KW - Pyridoxal Phosphate KW - 5V5IOJ8338 KW - Cytidine Triphosphate KW - 65-47-4 KW - Arginine KW - 94ZLA3W45F KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase KW - EC 2.7.7.43 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Thermodynamics KW - Cytidine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Protein Denaturation KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Binding Sites KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Conserved Sequence -- genetics KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Amino Acid Motifs KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- genetics KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Kinetics KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Pyridoxal Phosphate -- metabolism KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- genetics KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Arginine -- metabolism KW - Arginine -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lysine -- genetics KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- metabolism KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- chemistry KW - Lysine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Arg-12+in+the+active+site+of+Escherichia+coli+K1+CMP-sialic+acid+synthetase.&rft.au=Stoughton%2C+D+M%3BZapata%2C+G%3BPicone%2C+R%3BVann%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Stoughton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=343+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1966 Dec 10;241(23):5643-50 [4288894] J Biol Chem. 1962 Nov;237:3527-34 [13998986] J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17556-62 [2826425] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14769-74 [2549035] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Nov;15(11):430-4 [2126155] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 5;266(13):8328-35 [2022650] Biochemistry. 1992 Jan 28;31(3):775-80 [1731934] J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9257-63 [1577759] Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1993 May;374(5):337-42 [8338634] Biochem J. 1993 Oct 15;295 ( Pt 2):485-91 [8240247] J Bacteriol. 1994 Aug;176(15):4583-9 [8045888] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Mol Microbiol. 1996 Feb;19(3):555-63 [8830246] J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 28;271(26):15373-80 [8663048] FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 5;391(1-2):157-61 [8706906] Mol Microbiol. 1996 Jan;19(2):369-78 [8825781] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9140-5 [9689047] Protein Sci. 1999 Mar;8(3):666-75 [10091669] Glycobiology. 1999 May;9(5):481-7 [10207180] J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 5;262(10):4534-7 [3031027] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid phase microextraction of alkenylbenzenes and other flavor-related compounds from tobacco for analysis by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AN - 69226375; 10544893 AB - Some constituents found in natural flavorings are known to exhibit toxic properties. We developed a rapid method for quantifying 12 flavor-related compounds in cigarette tobacco using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using selected ion monitoring, we quantified and positively identified coumarin; pulegone; piperonal and nine alkenylbenzenes, including trans-anethole, safrole, methyleugenol and myristicin in one or more brands of cigarettes. In 62% of 68 brands analyzed, we detected one or more of the flavor-related compounds ranging from 0.0018 to 43 microg/g. Toxic properties of these flavor-related compounds may constitute an additional health risk related to cigarette smoking. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Stanfill, S B AU - Ashley, D L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 08 SP - 79 EP - 89 VL - 858 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Calibration KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Benzene Derivatives -- isolation & purification KW - Tobacco -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69226375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Solid+phase+microextraction+of+alkenylbenzenes+and+other+flavor-related+compounds+from+tobacco+for+analysis+by+selected+ion+monitoring+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Stanfill%2C+S+B%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Stanfill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-08&rft.volume=858&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the quality and quantity of drug-drug interaction studies in recent NDA submissions: study design and data analysis issues. AN - 70845249; 10516934 AB - This report investigates the quality and quantity of drug-drug interaction studies in recent new drug applications (NDAs). Eighty-nine studies contained in 14 NDAs submitted between December 1995 and November 1996 to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were reviewed. The results indicated that the median number of clinical drug-drug interaction studies per NDA was 6, almost double that of a 1994-1995 survey. In vitro metabolism data were present in 70% of the submissions. More than 50% of the submissions contained interaction studies using a battery of drugs (cimetidine, digoxin, or warfarin) without optimal use of the in vitro metabolism or in vivo mass balance data. Various study designs using a median number of 12 subjects were employed in the evaluation of drug-drug interactions. Some of the important study design factors such as dose size, dosing regimen, dosing duration, and timing of coadministration were considered, although not consistently, by the sponsors in their study design. Seventy-five percent of the studies used normal, healthy male subjects, and 25% used patients for whom the new molecular entities were intended. In 33% of the studies, female subjects were also recruited. Although the majority (80%) of the submissions still used p-values to determine the significance of drug interactions, 30% used a more relevant equivalence approach with 90% confidence intervals for key pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameter ratios to assess the extent of drug interactions. Overall, 82% of the studies concluded no interaction. Although population pharmacokinetic analysis can be a useful tool in studying drug-drug interactions, only 21% of the submissions used this approach. In summary, this assessment reveals that the quantity and quality of drug-drug interaction studies in NDAs have improved over the years. These improvements, as well as others that can be implemented, should result in more informative labeling and better patient care. FDA guidance for industry dealing with the design, analysis, and labeling language of in vivo metabolic drug-drug interactions has been developed to assist sponsors and FDA reviewers with these issues. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Huang, S M AU - Lesko, L J AU - Williams, R L AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1006 EP - 1014 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Sample Size KW - Research Design KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Male KW - Female KW - Drug Interactions KW - Investigational New Drug Application -- statistics & numerical data KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70845249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+quality+and+quantity+of+drug-drug+interaction+studies+in+recent+NDA+submissions%3A+study+design+and+data+analysis+issues.&rft.au=Huang%2C+S+M%3BLesko%2C+L+J%3BWilliams%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coffee, alcohol, and the liver. AN - 70798475; 10501405 JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Sharp, D S AU - Everhart, J E AU - Benowitz, N L AD - Biostatistics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 391 EP - 393 VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - kahweol KW - 6894-43-5 KW - cafestol KW - AC465T6Q6W KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Gerbillinae KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Rabbits KW - Cebus KW - Rats KW - Caffeine -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Liver Diseases -- etiology KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Research KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70798475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Hormones%2C+and+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Longnecker%2C+Matthew+P%3BTseng%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Longnecker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential magnetic fields predicted from wiring configurations: I. Exposure model. AN - 70060001; 10495305 AB - A physically based model for residential magnetic fields from electric transmission and distribution wiring was developed to reanalyze the Los Angeles study of childhood leukemia by London et al. For this exposure model, magnetic field measurements were fitted to a function of wire configuration attributes that was derived from a multipole expansion of the Law of Biot and Savart. The model parameters were determined by nonlinear regression techniques, using wiring data, distances, and the geometric mean of the ELF magnetic field magnitude from 24-h bedroom measurements taken at 288 homes during the epidemiologic study. The best fit to the measurement data was obtained with separate models for the two major utilities serving Los Angeles County. This model's predictions produced a correlation of 0.40 with the measured fields, an improvement on the 0.27 correlation obtained with the Wertheimer-Leeper (WL) wire code. For the leukemia risk analysis in a companion paper, the regression model predicts exposures to the 24-h geometric mean of the ELF magnetic fields in Los Angeles homes where only wiring data and distances have been obtained. Since these input parameters for the exposure model usually do not change for many years, the predicted magnetic fields will be stable over long time periods, just like the WL code. If the geometric mean is not the exposure metric associated with cancer, this regression technique could be used to estimate long-term exposures to temporal variability metrics and other characteristics of the ELF magnetic field which may be cancer risk factors. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Bowman, J D AU - Thomas, D C AU - Jiang, L AU - Jiang, F AU - Peters, J M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45266, USA. jdb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 399 EP - 413 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0197-8462, 0197-8462 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Los Angeles -- epidemiology KW - Power Plants KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Nonlinear Dynamics KW - Algorithms KW - Forecasting KW - Child KW - Electricity KW - Models, Biological KW - Housing KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Magnetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70060001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Residential+magnetic+fields+predicted+from+wiring+configurations%3A+I.+Exposure+model.&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+D%3BThomas%2C+D+C%3BJiang%2C+L%3BJiang%2C+F%3BPeters%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=01978462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels among children of lead-exposed workers: A meta-analysis. AN - 70017226; 10470013 AB - To further assess the utility of targeted blood lead screening for children from households with members having occupational lead exposures, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available reports of take-home lead exposures. Our objective was to estimate the blood lead levels among U.S. children (ages 1-5) from households with lead-exposed workers. Reports considered for inclusion were cited in Medline, Toxline, Excerpta Medica, and Bio-Med plus all unpublished reports available at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through 1994. The a priori criteria for inclusion of U.S. reports required their having data on: (1) venous blood lead levels for children, (2) children's ages, (3) data for at least five children, (4) workers' occupations, (5) workers' blood lead levels, and (6) data collection methods. Based on a meta-analysis of 10 reports from 1987 through 1994, the children (n=139) of lead-exposed workers (n=222) had a geometric mean blood lead level of 9.3 microg/dL compared to a U.S. population geometric mean of 3.6 microg/dL (P=0.0006). Also in this group, 52% of the children had blood lead levels (BLLs) >/= 10 microg/dL compared to 8.9% in the U.S. (P=.0010), and 21% of the children had BLLs >/= 20 microg/dL compared to 1.1% in the U.S. (P=. 0258). We estimate, based on 1981-83 survey data, that there are about 48,000 families with children under six living with household members occupationally exposed to lead. If the findings from this meta-analysis (admittedly limited by small numbers) are generalizable, about half of the young children in these families may have BLLs >/= 10 microg/dL. Data were too sparse to determine if children of workers with elevated blood leads were at greater risk than children whose parents were only known to be lead exposed. Our findings support the position that children of lead-exposed workers should be targeted for blood lead screening. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:475-481, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Roscoe, R J AU - Gittleman, J L AU - Deddens, J A AU - Petersen, M R AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinatti, OH 45226, USA. rjr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Infant KW - Mass Screening KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Occupations KW - Child, Preschool KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Family Health KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70017226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+among+children+of+lead-exposed+workers%3A+A+meta-analysis.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+R+J%3BGittleman%2C+J+L%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of lead in paint, dust wipes, soil, and air: an interlaboratory evaluation. AN - 69504020; 11529164 AB - Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of ultrasonic extraction (UE), followed by portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), for the on-site determination of lead in environmental and industrial hygiene samples. The aim of this work was to conduct an interlaboratory evaluation of the UE-ASV procedure, with a goal of establishing estimates of method performance based on results from collaborative interlaboratory analysis. In this investigation, performance evaluation materials (PEMs) with characterized lead concentrations were used for interlaboratory testing of the UE-ASV procedure. The UE-ASV protocol examined has been promulgated in the form of two separate national voluntary consensus standards (one for UE and another for electroanalysis, which includes ASV). The PEMs consisted of characterized and homogenized paints, soils, and dusts (the last of which were spiked onto wipes meeting national voluntary consensus standard specifications), and air filter samples (mixed cellulose ester membrane) generated using characterized paints within an aerosol chamber. The lead concentrations within the PEMs were chosen so as to bracket pertinent action levels for lead in the various sample matrices. The interlaboratory evaluation was conducted so as to comply with an applicable national voluntary consensus standard that can be used to estimate the interlaboratory precision of a given analytical test method. Based on the analytical results reported by the participating laboratories, relative standard deviations (RSDs) for repeatability and reproducibility were computed for three different lead contents of the four PEMs. RSDs for repeatability were 0.019-0.100 for paints; 0.030-0.151 for soils; 0.085-0.134 for dust wipes; and 0.095-0.137 for air filters. RSDs for reproducibility were 0.127-0.213 for paints; 0.062-0.162 for soils; 0.085-0.134 for dust wipes; and 0.114-0.220 for air filters. With the exception of one of the air filter samples and one of the paint samples, the precision estimates were within the +/- 20% precision requirement specified in the US Environmental Protection Agency National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP). The results of this investigation illustrate that the UE-ASV procedure is an effective method for the quantitative measurement of lead in the matrices evaluated in this study. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Ashley, K AU - Song, R AU - Esche, C A AU - Schlecht, P C AU - Baron, P A AU - Wise, T J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Housing KW - Ultrasonics KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Electrodes KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69504020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+extraction+and+portable+anodic+stripping+voltammetric+measurement+of+lead+in+paint%2C+dust+wipes%2C+soil%2C+and+air%3A+an+interlaboratory+evaluation.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BSong%2C+R%3BEsche%2C+C+A%3BSchlecht%2C+P+C%3BBaron%2C+P+A%3BWise%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing commercial fishing deaths in Alaska. AN - 69424787; 10658549 AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of the United States Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 in reducing the high occupational death rate (200/100,000/year in 1991-2) among Alaska's commercial fishermen. Comprehensive surveillance of deaths in commercial fishing was established by our office during 1991 and 1992 for Alaska. Demographic data and data on risk factors and incidents were compiled and analysed for trend. During 1991-8, there was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in deaths in Alaska related to commercial fishing. Although drownings from fishermen falling overboard and events related to crab fishing vessels (often conducted far offshore and in winter) have continued to occur, marked progress (significant downward trend, p < 0.001) has been made in saving the lives of people involved in vessels capsizing and sinking. Specific measures tailored to prevent drowning associated with vessels capsizing and sinking in Alaska's commercial fishing industry have been successful. However, these events continue to occur, and place fishermen and rescue personnel at substantial risk. Additional strategies must be identified to reduce the frequency of vessels capsizing and sinking, to enable parallel improvements in the mortality among crab fishermen, and to prevent fishermen falling overboard and drownings associated with them. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Conway, G A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, AK, USA. jxw7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 691 EP - 695 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Data Collection KW - Safety Management KW - Cause of Death KW - Ships KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Drowning -- prevention & control KW - Fisheries KW - Drowning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69424787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Preventing+commercial+fishing+deaths+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Lincoln%2C+J+M%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Br J Ind Med. 1971 Jan;28(1):27-35 [5101166] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):700 [8570821] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Oct;49(10):694-9 [1419857] Am J Public Health. 1993 May;83(5):685-8 [8484449] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Jul;47(7):498-501 [2383520] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent trends of age-specific pneumoconiosis mortality rates in the United States, 1985-1996: coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, and silicosis. AN - 69405740; 10633240 AB - The authors examined the temporal trends of age-specific pneumoconiosis mortality from coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), asbestosis, and silicosis in the United States in 1985-1996. Mortality data were derived from the National Center for Health Statistics multiple causes of death files for the period. Age-specific mortality rates were computed for three age groups (15-44, 45-64, and > or = 65 years) among decedents with mention of CWP, asbestosis, or silicosis. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the annual changes in age-specific mortality rates, by age group, with each specific condition. The CWP mortality rates declined significantly (p = 0.0001) in the groups 45 years old and older, but not in the age group 15-44. Asbestosis mortality rates declined significantly (p = 0.005) for the age group 45-64, while increasing (p = 0.0001) for those aged 65 years and older. However, in the younger age group 15-44, the rates showed no significant trend. Silicosis mortality rates declined significantly (p = 0.0001) for all groups. The continued occurrence of deaths from CWP, asbestosis, and silicosis among young adults may be the result of high levels of exposure to occupational risks. These results suggest that pneumoconiosis surveillance may help to evaluate the temporal pneumoconiosis mortality patterns in the United States. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Bang, K M AU - Althouse, R B AU - Kim, J H AU - Game, S R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, WV 26505, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 251 EP - 255 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Asbestosis -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Silicosis -- mortality KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pneumoconiosis -- mortality KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69405740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Recent+trends+of+age-specific+pneumoconiosis+mortality+rates+in+the+United+States%2C+1985-1996%3A+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis%2C+asbestosis%2C+and+silicosis.&rft.au=Bang%2C+K+M%3BAlthouse%2C+R+B%3BKim%2C+J+H%3BGame%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cluster management and the role of concerned communities and the media. AN - 69369050; 10608367 AB - Public health services often have to deal with reported clusters of adverse health events. An important characteristic of disease clusters is that the involved community often is concerned about environmental factors influencing health. To facilitate cluster investigations, a stepwise protocol was developed in the Netherlands, based on international literature. Essential is the two-way approach, consisting of a disease-track and an environment-track. Attention to potential environmental exposures is as important as attention to the reported diseases, not only because environmental pollution often is the reason of public concern and thus relevant for risk communication, but also for deciding about the boundaries of the population at risk. Moreover, environmental information is necessary for judgement of the plausibility of a causal relation and for advising measures to prevent exposure. Within this two-way approach, three stages are distinguished: orientation stage, verification stage and quantification stage. Only if an increased risk as well as an elevated exposure is verified, under certain conditions a case-control study may be useful to study causality between exposure and adverse health events. During all stages of the investigation, good risk communication strategies have to be taken into account. However, even then it might be difficult to prevent conflicts, because of the differing interests between experts and the community involved. One of the most important aspects that determine judgements about risks by threatened people, is controllability; that is why community participation is essential. Therefore it can be concluded that cluster management is a mutual endeavour for experts, public and media, where experts are judged on three characteristics: expertise, credibility and empathy. JF - European journal of epidemiology AU - Drijver, M AU - Woudenberg, F AD - Public Health Service (GGD) Haarlem, The Netherlands. mdrijver@haarlem.nl Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0393-2990, 0393-2990 KW - Index Medicus KW - Attitude to Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Netherlands KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Clinical Protocols KW - Public Relations KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Community Participation KW - Communication KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Mass Media KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69369050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Cluster+management+and+the+role+of+concerned+communities+and+the+media.&rft.au=Drijver%2C+M%3BWoudenberg%2C+F&rft.aulast=Drijver&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=03932990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal action of ampicillin/sulbactam against intracellular mycobacteria. AN - 69346269; 10595573 AB - The resistance of mycobacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics is attributed to their ability to synthesize beta-lactamase. In our previous studies, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combinations suppressed the growth of several mycobacteria in axenic cultures and ampicillin/sulbactam was bactericidal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro, and to Mycobacterium leprae multiplying in mouse foot-pads. Since both these organisms multiply in phagocytic cells in the host, it is important to know whether the drug combination is active against mycobacteria multiplying in macrophages. We tested the action of ampicillin/sulbactam against four potentially pathogenic (to humans or to animals) mycobacteria, M. simiae, M. haemophilum, M. avium, M. microti, when phagocytosed by mouse macrophages. Bacteria were exposed to monolayers of peritoneal macrophages harvested from BALB/c mice. Unphagocytosed bacilli were removed and three concentrations of ampicillin/sulbactam were tested. Optimum activity was observed at 100 mg/l which killed 58-97% of the mycobacteria within macrophages, as determined by the CFU. beta-Lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitors, especially ampicillin/sulbactam, might provide an effective alternative therapy against infections caused by mycobacteria resistant to other drugs. JF - International journal of antimicrobial agents AU - Prabhakaran, K AU - Harris, E B AU - Randhawa, B AD - GWL Hansen's Disease Center, Louisiana State University, US Public Health Service, Baton Rouge 70894, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 133 EP - 135 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Penicillins KW - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Sulbactam KW - S4TF6I2330 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- microbiology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Mice KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Penicillins -- pharmacology KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Mycobacterium -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Sulbactam -- pharmacology KW - Ampicillin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69346269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+action+of+ampicillin%2Fsulbactam+against+intracellular+mycobacteria.&rft.au=Prabhakaran%2C+K%3BHarris%2C+E+B%3BRandhawa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Prabhakaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide and noise exposure at a monster truck and motocross show. AN - 69269059; 10561874 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Morley, J C AU - Seitz, T AU - Tubbs, R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 645 EP - 655 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ventilation KW - Humans KW - Occupations KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- etiology KW - Noise, Transportation -- adverse effects KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69269059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+and+noise+exposure+at+a+monster+truck+and+motocross+show.&rft.au=Morley%2C+J+C%3BSeitz%2C+T%3BTubbs%2C+R&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part II: technical support document for ATSDR policy guideline. AN - 69268404; 10560134 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Brown, D AU - Dhara, R AU - Garrett, W AU - Hansen, H AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AU - Jordan-Izaguirre, D AU - O'Conner, R AU - Pohl, H AU - Xintaras, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 558 EP - 576 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Reference Values KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy KW - Dioxins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69268404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+dioxin-like+compounds+in+soil%2C+Part+II%3A+technical+support+document+for+ATSDR+policy+guideline.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+D%3BDhara%2C+R%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D%3BJordan-Izaguirre%2C+D%3BO%27Conner%2C+R%3BPohl%2C+H%3BXintaras%2C+C&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part I: ATSDR policy guideline. AN - 69267405; 10560133 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Brown, D AU - Dhara, R AU - Garrett, W AU - Hansen, H AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AU - Jordan-Izaguirre, D AU - O'Conner, R AU - Pohl, H AU - Xintaras, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy KW - Dioxins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69267405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+dioxin-like+compounds+in+soil%2C+Part+I%3A+ATSDR+policy+guideline.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+D%3BDhara%2C+R%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D%3BJordan-Izaguirre%2C+D%3BO%27Conner%2C+R%3BPohl%2C+H%3BXintaras%2C+C&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of chemical carcinogen-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the primary rat hepatocytes. AN - 69233677; 10549574 AB - Modulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) after exposure to various chemical carcinogens was investigated in the primary rat hepatocytes. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was induced by treatment of such direct acting carcinogens as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or procarcinogens including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Unscheduled DNA synthesis was determined by measuring [methyl-3H]thymidine radioactivity incorporated into nuclear DNA of hepatocytes treated with carcinogens in the presence or absence of DHEA. Hydroxyurea (5x10(-3) M) was added to growth medium to selectively suppress normal replication. DHEA at concentrations ranging from 1x10(-6) M to 5x10(-4) M did not significantly inhibit unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by either MMS (1x10(-4) M) or EMS (1x10(-2) M). In contrast, DHEA significantly inhibited unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by BaP (6.5x10(-5) M) and DMBA (2x10(-5) M). DHEA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an indicator of cytotoxicity. DHEA exhibit no significant increase in LDH release compared with the solvent control at 18 h. These data suggest that nontoxic concentration of DHEA does not affect the DNA excision repair process, but it probably influence the enzymatic system responsible for the metabolic activation of procarcinogens and thereby decreases the amount of the effective DNA adducts formed by the ultimate reactive carcinogenic species. JF - Archives of pharmacal research AU - Kim, S H AU - Han, H M AU - Kang, S Y AU - Jung, K K AU - Kim, T G AU - Oh, H Y AU - Lee, Y K AU - Rheu, H M AD - Department of Pharmacology, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Eunpyunggu, Seoul. biolam@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 474 EP - 478 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0253-6269, 0253-6269 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone KW - 459AG36T1B KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69233677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+chemical+carcinogen-induced+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis+by+dehydroepiandrosterone+%28DHEA%29+in+the+primary+rat+hepatocytes.&rft.au=Kim%2C+S+H%3BHan%2C+H+M%3BKang%2C+S+Y%3BJung%2C+K+K%3BKim%2C+T+G%3BOh%2C+H+Y%3BLee%2C+Y+K%3BRheu%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.issn=02536269&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in rabbit kidney protein expression following lead exposure as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AN - 69227406; 10546836 AB - It was recently reported that low blood lead levels impaired kidney function in men. To develop a set of molecular markers of renal lead exposure and effect, we investigated changes in renal protein expression while approximating occupational lead exposure at subchronic, low blood levels. Lead was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 microg/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposure did not affect kidney or body weights. The effect of increasing blood lead on protein expression was evaluated in rabbit kidney by large-scale two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant quantitative changes (p < 0.05) occurred in a dose-related manner in 12 proteins at 20 microg/dL exposure, 25 at 40 microg/dL, and 102 at 80 microg/dL. At a higher level of significance (p < 0.001), 40 microg/dL blood lead resulted in one protein alteration and 80 microg/dL affected 14 proteins. A set of quantitatively altered charge variants was tentatively identified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), based on similar observations in rodents subjected to short-term, very high lead exposure. The significance of the protein alterations observed as markers of toxicity awaits their conclusive identification. Investigation of the kidney 2-DE profile in lead-exposed rabbit may be useful in understanding the mechanism of lead nephrotoxicity in humans. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Kanitz, M H AU - Witzmann, F A AU - Zhu, H AU - Fultz, C D AU - Skaggs, S AU - Moorman, W J AU - Savage, R E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, Experimental Toxicology Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. mhk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 2977 EP - 2985 VL - 20 IS - 14 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Rabbits KW - Male KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Lead -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69227406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+rabbit+kidney+protein+expression+following+lead+exposure+as+analyzed+by+two-dimensional+gel+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Kanitz%2C+M+H%3BWitzmann%2C+F+A%3BZhu%2C+H%3BFultz%2C+C+D%3BSkaggs%2C+S%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Kanitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting potential teratogenic alkaloids from blue cohosh rhizomes using an in vitro rat embryo culture. AN - 69224298; 10543898 AB - The novel alkaloid thalictroidine (1), as well as the known alkaloids taspine (2), magnoflorine (3), anagyrine (4), baptifoline (5), 5,6-dehydro-alpha-isolupanine (6), alpha-isolupanine (7), lupanine (8), N-methylcytisine (9), and sparteine (10), were identified from an extract of Caulophyllum thalictroides rhizomes. N-Methylcytisine exhibited teratogenic activity in the rat embryo culture (REC), an in vitro method to detect potential teratogens. The structure of 1 was elucidated using various spectroscopic methods, primarily by NMR techniques. Thalictroidine, anagyrine, and alpha-isolupanine were not teratogenic in the REC at tested concentrations. Taspine (2) showed high embryotoxicity, but no teratogenic activity, in the REC. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Kennelly, E J AU - Flynn, T J AU - Mazzola, E P AU - Roach, J A AU - McCloud, T G AU - Danford, D E AU - Betz, J M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. kennelly@alpha.lehman.cuny.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1385 EP - 1389 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Teratogens -- pharmacology KW - Teratogens -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Plants, Medicinal -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69224298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Detecting+potential+teratogenic+alkaloids+from+blue+cohosh+rhizomes+using+an+in+vitro+rat+embryo+culture.&rft.au=Kennelly%2C+E+J%3BFlynn%2C+T+J%3BMazzola%2C+E+P%3BRoach%2C+J+A%3BMcCloud%2C+T+G%3BDanford%2C+D+E%3BBetz%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Kennelly&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of longwall methane emissions; an evaluation of the influence of mining practices on gas emissions and methane control systems AN - 50319940; 2001-001319 JF - Report of Investigations - NIOSH AU - Diamond, William P AU - Garcia, Fred Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 32 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. KW - mining KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - methane KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - statistical analysis KW - coal mines KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - prediction KW - alkanes KW - measurement KW - human ecology KW - gases KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - sedimentary rocks KW - longwall mining KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - hydrocarbons KW - regression analysis KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50319940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Diamond%2C+William+P%3BGarcia%2C+Fred&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Prediction+of+longwall+methane+emissions%3B+an+evaluation+of+the+influence+of+mining+practices+on+gas+emissions+and+methane+control+systems&rft.title=Prediction+of+longwall+methane+emissions%3B+an+evaluation+of+the+influence+of+mining+practices+on+gas+emissions+and+methane+control+systems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 12 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05111 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; case studies; coal; coal mines; gases; geologic hazards; human ecology; hydrocarbons; longwall mining; measurement; methane; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; organic compounds; prediction; regression analysis; sedimentary rocks; statistical analysis; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Auckland AN - 21088504; 11130345 AB - Objective: To identify major risk factors for Yersinia enterocolitica {YE) and identify measures to reduce YE infections. Methods: A prospective case control study, group age matched, using 186 cases of YE identified by community pathology laboratories and 379 randomly selected controls. Conducted between April 1995 and June 1996 in Auckland, New Zealand. Face-to-face interviews used a standardised questionnaire examining exposures to factors potentially associated with YE infections including untreated water, unreticulated sewerage, consumption of selected foods, selected food handling practices and socio-demographic factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the potential risk factors. Population attributable risk (RAR) was calculated for significant exposures. Results: Having more than two people living in the home was more common among cases than controls (OR=2.2). Town supply water (OR=0.2), reticulated sewerage (OR=0.34) and looking after a young child (OR=0.51) were significantly less common. Of the meats, only pork (OR=1.34) had a higher consumption rate, while bacon (OR=0.75) and smallgoods (OR=0.73) were consumed less frequently by cases than controls. Eating food from a sandwich bar was more frequent among cases (OR=1.18). Fruit and vegetable consumption was marginally less (OR=0.98). The population attributable risk of these factors was 0.89, implying that 89% of YE would be eliminated if adverse exposures were removed. Conclusions: The risk of YE illness is increased by contact with untreated water, unreticulated sewerage and consumption of pork. Investigation of non-town water supply, informal sewerage systems and methods of preparation and consumption of pork are recommended to determine how YE enters the human food chain. JF - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health AU - Satterthwaite, Peter AU - Pritchard, Kathy AU - Floyd, Diane AU - Law, Bonnie AD - Auckland Public Health Service, New Zealand., peter.satterthwaite@bigfoot.com Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 482 EP - 485 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1326-0200, 1326-0200 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Inventories KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - Food chains KW - Food KW - Pork KW - Infection KW - Water supplies KW - Bacon KW - Food selection KW - Public health KW - Meat KW - Food consumption KW - Risk factors KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21088504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica+infections+in+Auckland&rft.au=Satterthwaite%2C+Peter%3BPritchard%2C+Kathy%3BFloyd%2C+Diane%3BLaw%2C+Bonnie&rft.aulast=Satterthwaite&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=13260200&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-842X.1999.tb01303.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Inventories; Vegetables; Food chains; Food; Pork; Infection; Bacon; Water supplies; Public health; Food selection; Meat; Food consumption; Risk factors; Yersinia enterocolitica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01303.x ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Dietary Strategy to Maximize Bone Mass in United States Naval Academy Midshipmen AN - 18146910; 4831126 AB - The overall objective of this research is to develop dietary methods to increase bone mass in young men and women in order to reduce the incidence of stress fractures during physical training and the incidence of osteoporotic fracture later in life. The study evaluates the efficacy and safety of two different types of dietary interventions to promote gain in bone mass at several skeletal sites in young Naval Academy Midshipmen. The dietary interventions optimize different nutritional factors, not just calcium intake, and enable us to examine the effect of maximizing all the nutrients essential for both bone matrix formation and bone mineralization under the conditions of usual dietary intake at the Naval Academy. The youngest Midshipmen were recruited because they have the greatest potential for bone accretion, consequently recruitment was coordinated with the initiation of the class of 2003. The beginning phase of recruitment and baseline measurement of bone mineral density parameters and estimates of dietary intake that are needed to randomize the subjects to treatment groups started in July 1999. To date, we have recruited and scanned approximately 100 Midshipmen. The two year dietary intervention phase will start in early 2000. Midshipmen will be randomized to groups consuming daily either a calcium supplement or a placebo and either a fortified protein and energy bar or its placebo. Contracts for the development and production of the two different dietary supplements and their respective placebos are under negotiation with the U.S. Army Combat Feeding Center, Natick Soldier Center, SBCCOM, Natick, MA. AU - Calvo, M Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 29 KW - Physical Education Index KW - ADA372719 KW - Bones KW - Injuries KW - Training KW - Diet KW - Military KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18146910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Physical+Education+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Calvo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Dietary+Strategy+to+Maximize+Bone+Mass+in+United+States+Naval+Academy+Midshipmen&rft.title=Dietary+Strategy+to+Maximize+Bone+Mass+in+United+States+Naval+Academy+Midshipmen&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from NTIS: 1-800-553-NTIS (USA); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of Doxepin by Cunninghamella elegans AN - 17665451; 4752497 AB - A filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245, was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to biotransform doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant drug. Doxepin is produced as an 85:15% mixture of the trans- (E) and cis- (Z) forms. After 96 h of incubation in Sabouraud dextrose broth, 28% of the drug was metabolized to 16 metabolites. No change in the trans- (E) and cis- (Z) ratio of doxepin was observed. Metabolites were isolated by reversed phase HPLC and identified by super(1)H NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. The major metabolites were (E)-2-hydroxydoxepin, (E)-3-hydroxydoxepin, (Z)-8-hydroxydoxepin, (E)-2-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-3-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-4-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (Z)-and (E)-8-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-N-acetyl-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-N-desmethyl-N-formyldoxepin, (E)-N-acetyldidesmethyldoxepin, (E)-and (Z)-doxepin-N-oxide, and (E)- and (Z)-N-desmethyldoxepin. Six of the metabolites produced by C. elegans were essentially similar to those obtained in human metabolism studies, although nine novel metabolites were identified. JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition AU - Moody, J D AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology and Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1157 EP - 1164 VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - biotransformation KW - doxepin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Drug metabolism KW - Tricyclic antidepressants KW - Metabolites KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17665451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+Doxepin+by+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Moody%2C+J+D%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cunninghamella elegans; Tricyclic antidepressants; Metabolites; Drug metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoimmunity and Risk Assessment AN - 17475552; 4677001 AB - Among the issues dealing with identifying potential adverse immunologic effects (i.e., suppression, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity) associated with xenobiotic exposure, general agreement exists among the regulatory and pharmaceutical communities that predictive tests for autoimmunity are in most need of development in order to improve risk assessment. The estimation of risk (i.e., the probability of a deleterious effect resulting from exposure) involves both the qualitative evaluation of whether a hazard exists and the quantitative evaluation for determining an acceptable level of exposure in humans. Unless adequate human data are available, which is uncommon, this is based on animal studies. Although animal models exist to study autoimmune processes, these models do not readily lend themselves to interpretation in the risk assessment process due, for the most part, to the complexity of autoimmune disease(s), as they are multifactorial and exhibit genetic heterogeneity in humans. To improve the risk assessment process, researchers must develop and validate animal models that not only incorporate mechanistic information into the assessment process but also allow for consideration of potent genetic, physiologic, and environmental influences. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R AU - Matheson, J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, 1095 Wlllowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, myl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 679 EP - 680 VL - 107 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - animal models KW - immunology KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Reviews KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - Autoimmunity KW - Xenobiotics KW - Environmental factors KW - F 06874:General KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17475552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Autoimmunity+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R%3BMatheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Linking Environmental Agents to Autoimmune Diseases. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Autoimmunity; Reviews; Autoimmune diseases; Environmental factors; Xenobiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated TCDD in Chicken Eggs and Farm-Raised Catfish Fed a Diet with Ball Clay from a Southern United States Mine AN - 17430564; 4646525 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) terminated the use of ball clay from a mine in Mississippi as an additive in animal feed after discovering nanogram per gram concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The FDA collected chicken eggs and farm-raised catfish in affected areas and throughout the remaining continental United States to assess levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. A new method using quadrupole ion storage tandem-in-time mass spectrometry (QISTMS) measured the 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels in 42 catfish fillet composites, 3 Tilapia fillet composites, 46 chicken egg samples, and 6 chicken feeds. Six catfish composites and 20 egg samples had 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations significantly above 1.0 pg/g wet weight of fillet or whole egg. Farm-raised catfish not exposed to feed containing ball clay had a mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of 0.12 pg/g. The TCDD isomer pattern in ball clay differed from the TCDD isomer pattern in a fly ash sample and from the "chick edema factor" TCDD pattern in a sample of reference toxic fat used as a feed ingredient in the 1950s. JF - Environmental Research AU - Hayward, D G AU - Nortrup, D AU - Gardner, A AU - Clower, M Jr AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street SW, Washington, 20204, DC, dhayward@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 248 EP - 256 PB - Academic Press VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - African mouthbrooders KW - Bullhead catfishes KW - North american freshwater catfishes KW - Tilapia KW - USA, Food and Drug Administration KW - USA, Mississippi KW - ball clay KW - catfish KW - chickens KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Human food KW - Government policy KW - Aquaculture KW - Eggs KW - Public health KW - Feed composition KW - Clays KW - Food additives KW - Public Health KW - Fish fillets KW - Diets KW - Ictaluridae KW - Clay KW - Government policies KW - TCDD KW - Fly ash KW - Coal Mining KW - Mines KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Pesticides KW - Mining KW - Feeds KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17430564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Elevated+TCDD+in+Chicken+Eggs+and+Farm-Raised+Catfish+Fed+a+Diet+with+Ball+Clay+from+a+Southern+United+States+Mine&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D+G%3BNortrup%2C+D%3BGardner%2C+A%3BClower%2C+M+Jr&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fenrs.1999.3976 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Bioaccumulation; Human food; Pesticides; Fly ash; Fish fillets; Clays; Feed composition; Public health; Food additives; Government policy; TCDD; Mines; Aquaculture; Eggs; Feeds; Clay; Government policies; Mining; Public Health; Coal Mining; Ictaluridae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.3976 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial competition: effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 17382610; 4608239 AB - Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was cultured alone and in coculture with Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 33231 to characterize quantitatively the effects of microbial competition on the growth of this psychrotrophic pathogen. The bacteria were cultured in brain-heart infusion broth (BHI), using a 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 complete factorial design to assess the impact of temperature (4, 12, 19 degree C), initial pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0), and sodium chloride content (5, 25, 45 gl super(-1)) on the interaction between the two micro-organisms. Samples were periodically plated on BHI agar and Vogel Johnson agar to obtain total counts and L. monocytogenes counts, respectively. Growth curves were generated by fitting the data to the Gompertz equation, and the derived growth kinetics were compared. WhenP. fluorescens did influence the growth of L. monocytogenes, the primary effect was a suppression of the maximum population density (MPD) reached by the pathogen. Suppression of L. monocytogenes was generally associated with low incubation temperatures (4 degree C) and sodium chloride levels (5 and 25 gl super(-1)). Slight increases (<1.0 log cfu ml super(-1)) in the MPD attained by L. monocytogenes were observed when grown in the presence of P. fluorescens at higher temperatures (12 and 19 degree C) and sodium chloride levels (25 and 45 gl super(-1)) when the pH was 5.0. The current study supports earlier work that indicates that reliance on microbial competition as a barrier to control L. monocytogenes in refrigerated foods will require detailed knowledge of how the interaction between the pathogen and the microflora is affected by environmental and food characteristics such as storage temperature, pH, and water activity. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Bagi, L K AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C-Street, SW, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 523 EP - 529 PB - Academic Press VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - growth KW - competition KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Refrigeration KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Psychrotrophic bacteria KW - Food contamination KW - Competition KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+competition%3A+effect+of+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+on+the+growth+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BBagi%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1998.0264 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Competition; Refrigeration; Psychrotrophic bacteria; Food contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1998.0264 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pH-dependent, stationary phase acid resistance on the thermal tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 17380061; 4608231 AB - The ability of pH-dependent, stationary phase acid resistance to cross-protect Escherichia coli O157:H7 against a subsequent lethal thermal stress was evaluated using microbiological media and three liquid foods. Three strains were grown for 18 h at 37 degree C in acidogenic (TSB+G, final pH 4.6-4.7) and non-acidogenic (TSB-G, final pH 7.0-7.2) media to provide stationary phase cells with and without induction of pH-dependent acid resistance. The cells were then heated in BHI broth (pH 6.0) at 58 degree C, using a submerged coil apparatus. The TSB+G grown strains had greatly increased heat resistance, with the heating time needed to achieve a five-log inactivation, being increased two- to four-fold. The z -values of TSB+G and TSB-G grown cells were 4.7 degree C and 4.3 degree C, respectively. Increases in heat resistance with TSB+G-grown E. coli O157:H7 were also observed using milk and chicken broth, but not with apple juice. However, cross-protection was restored if the pH of the apple juice was increased from 3.5 to 4.5. The data indicate that pH-dependent acid resistance provides E. coli O157:H7 with cross-protection against heat treatments, and that this factor must be considered to estimate this pathogen's thermal tolerance accurately. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AD - US, Food and Drug Administration, Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C-Street, SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA., rbuchana@bangate.fdagov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 447 EP - 458 PB - Academic Press VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Heat tolerance KW - Escherichia coli KW - Thermal stability KW - Acidity KW - pH effects KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pH-dependent%2C+stationary+phase+acid+resistance+on+the+thermal+tolerance+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1998.0260 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH effects; Food processing; Thermal stability; Acidity; Heat tolerance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1998.0260 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decontaminating particles exposed to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) AN - 17302500; 4575863 AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which comes from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, can stimulate murine macrophage cells to produce nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukins, such as IL-6. When examining the biological effects of particles on macrophages, it is important to have no contaminating LPS associated with the particles and none with any cell culture media or supplies since even very low levels of LPS are stimulatory. The presence or absence of LPS was observed in two ways: (1) the amount of NO produced by RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, and (2) the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Treating particles with 70% ethanol at room temperature for 48 h, followed by washing the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles with endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline three times, decontaminated LPS and LPS-treated PMMA particles. When given LPS that had been treated with 70% ethanol for 48 h at room temperature or at 37 degree C, cells did not produce NO above control levels. Negative LAL tests indicated the presence of extremely low levels or the complete absence of LPS in 70% ethanol-treated LPS. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research AU - Hitchins, V M AU - Merritt, K AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, HFZ-112, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1999/09/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 05 SP - 434 EP - 437 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Macrophages KW - Endotoxins KW - Contamination KW - Toxins KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Nitric oxide KW - A 01023:Others KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17302500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research&rft.atitle=Decontaminating+particles+exposed+to+bacterial+endotoxin+%28LPS%29&rft.au=Hitchins%2C+V+M%3BMerritt%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hitchins&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-05&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4636%2819990905%2946%3A33.3.CO%3B2-C LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Toxins; Contamination; Lipopolysaccharides; Nitric oxide; Macrophages; Gram-negative bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19990905)46:3<434::AID-JBM17>3.3.CO;2-C ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant properties of aspirin: Characterization of the ability of aspirin to inhibit silica-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, NF-B activation, and TNF-a production AN - 839697095; 13863302 AB - Electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to investigate the reaction of aspirin toward reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (.OH), superoxide radicals ( sub(O2) super(-)) and H sub(2)O sub(2). The Fenton reaction (Fe(II) + H sub(2)O sub(2) ---> FE(III) + -OH + OR) was used as a source of -OH radicals. The results show that aspirin is an efficient -OH radical scavenger with a reaction rate constant of k = 3.6 x 10 super(10) M super(-1)sec super(-1), which is faster than several well established antioxidants, such as ascorbate, glutathione and cysteine. However, aspirin is not a good scavenger for sub(O2) super(-) or H sub(2)O sub(2). Through its antioxidant property, aspirin exhibited a protective effect against silica-induced lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage. Aspirin also inhibited the activation of nuclear transcription factor-b induced by silica, lipopolysaccharide or the transition metal, Fe(II), as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results show that aspirin functions as an antioxidant via its ability to scavenge -OH radicals. This antioxidant property may explain some of its various physiological and pharmacological actions. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Ding, Min AU - Dong, Zigang AU - Chen, Fei AU - Ye, Jiangping AU - Wang, Suwei AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Castronova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 93 EP - 102 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 199 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Antioxidants KW - Glutathione KW - Free radicals KW - Transition metals KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Electrophoretic mobility KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Ascorbic acid KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - DNA damage KW - Silica KW - Aspirin KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Cysteine KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Superoxide KW - NF-B protein KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Radicals KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839697095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+properties+of+aspirin%3A+Characterization+of+the+ability+of+aspirin+to+inhibit+silica-induced+lipid+peroxidation%2C+DNA+damage%2C+NF-B+activation%2C+and+TNF-a+production&rft.au=Shi%2C+Xianglin%3BDing%2C+Min%3BDong%2C+Zigang%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BYe%2C+Jiangping%3BWang%2C+Suwei%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BCastronova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Xianglin&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006934612368 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antioxidants; Glutathione; Free radicals; Transition metals; Electrophoretic mobility; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Lipid peroxidation; NF- Kappa B protein; Ascorbic acid; DNA damage; Silica; Reactive oxygen species; Aspirin; Hydrogen peroxide; Cysteine; Superoxide; NF-B protein; Lipopolysaccharides; Tumor necrosis factor- alpha; Radicals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006934612368 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the functional integrity of the humoral immune response: the plaque-forming cell assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 70854573; 10525432 AB - The plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) appear to have comparable sensitivity and reproducibility for measuring IgM antibody production in mice and rats immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBCs). Both assays can be manipulated, with respect to the immunizing antigen (e.g., T-dependent vs T-independent antigen), to provide evidence as to which cell type(s) may be adversely affected by a given compound. However, the PFC assay has more utility in dissecting out the target cell(s) involved. Since both the PFC assay and the ELISA may be readily conducted in the rat, it is feasible to incorporate either of these assays into standard acute and repeat dose toxicology studies. This may be accomplished by inclusion of satellite groups in the study. However, it has been suggested that the primary antibody response to sRBCs, as measured by an ELISA, may also be evaluated in the main group of animals in a toxicology study without compromise to the integrity of other toxicological endpoints (e.g., hematology, clinical chemistry, histopathology). Both approaches will provide a more extensive delineation of the safety profile of a drug or chemical. The latter approach will also reduce the number of animals needed and the cost of the study. JF - Methods (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Wilson, S D AU - Munson, A E AU - Meade, B J AD - Division of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Ophthalmic Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, HFD-550, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. wilsonsu@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3 EP - 7 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1046-2023, 1046-2023 KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Mice KW - Immunoglobulin M -- biosynthesis KW - Immunization KW - Erythrocytes -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Hemolytic Plaque Technique -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antibody Formation KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70854573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+functional+integrity+of+the+humoral+immune+response%3A+the+plaque-forming+cell+assay+and+the+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+S+D%3BMunson%2C+A+E%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10462023&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous occupational exposure and lung disease among nylon flock workers. AN - 70850704; 10519816 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Burkhart, J AU - Jones, W AU - Porter, D W AU - Washko, R M AU - Eschenbacher, W L AU - Castellan, R M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jeb7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 145 EP - 146 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Nylons KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Nylons -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Hazardous+occupational+exposure+and+lung+disease+among+nylon+flock+workers.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BWashko%2C+R+M%3BEschenbacher%2C+W+L%3BCastellan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farm work planning simulation in multi-media: A comparative evaluation. AN - 70850535; 10519805 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Britt, M AU - Chrislip, D AU - Bayer, S AU - Cole, H AU - Kidd, P AU - Parshall, M AU - Isaacs, S AU - Struttman, T AU - Colligan, M AU - Scharf, T AD - Education and Information Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1988, USA. ZHD6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 113 EP - 115 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Kentucky KW - Safety Management -- economics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent KW - Accidents, Occupational -- economics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- economics KW - Agriculture -- economics KW - Computer Simulation KW - Multimedia KW - Financial Management -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Farm+work+planning+simulation+in+multi-media%3A+A+comparative+evaluation.&rft.au=Britt%2C+M%3BChrislip%2C+D%3BBayer%2C+S%3BCole%2C+H%3BKidd%2C+P%3BParshall%2C+M%3BIsaacs%2C+S%3BStruttman%2C+T%3BColligan%2C+M%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase extraction method for patulin in apple juice and unfiltered apple juice. AN - 70843865; 10513012 AB - Patulin, a mold metabolite, is commonly found in rotting apples. Some countries regulate patulin at levels ranging from 30 to 50 micrograms/L. Most analytical methods for patulin in apple juice include liquid-liquid partitions. A solid-phase extraction method has been developed for apple juice and unfiltered apple juice in the United States. A portion of the test sample (5 mL) was passed through a macroporous copolymer cartridge and was washed with 1 mL 1% sodium bicarbonate and then with 1 mL 1% acetic acid. Patulin was eluted with 3 mL 2% acetonitrile in anhydrous ethyl ether and was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection at 276 nm. Recoveries ranged from 93 to 104% in test samples spiked at 20-100 micrograms/L. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Tang, Y AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1109 EP - 1113 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Food Contamination KW - Rosales -- chemistry KW - Patulin -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70843865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+extraction+method+for+patulin+in+apple+juice+and+unfiltered+apple+juice.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BTang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Danger of drilling into sealed and filled plow frames. AN - 70841310; 10519804 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Zlochower, I A AU - Ehlers, J J AD - Pittsburgh Research Lab, Mine Safety & Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA 45213, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 110 EP - 112 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Gases KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Blast Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Blast Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Burns -- prevention & control KW - Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70841310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Danger+of+drilling+into+sealed+and+filled+plow+frames.&rft.au=Zlochower%2C+I+A%3BEhlers%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Zlochower&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium contamination inside vehicles of machine shop workers. AN - 70841211; 10519791 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Martyny, J AU - Ellis, K AU - Mroz, M M AU - Newman, L S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. WTS1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 72 EP - 74 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Family KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Berylliosis -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Berylliosis -- prevention & control KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Automobiles KW - Beryllium -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70841211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Beryllium+contamination+inside+vehicles+of+machine+shop+workers.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BMartyny%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+K%3BMroz%2C+M+M%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Permea-Tec pads as new technology for the detection of chemical breakthrough in PPC. AN - 70835238; 10519810 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - El-Ayouby, N S AU - Berardinelli, S P AU - Hall, R C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. nae7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 128 EP - 129 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Capsules KW - Ethylamines KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Solvents KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Ethylamines -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Permea-Tec+pads+as+new+technology+for+the+detection+of+chemical+breakthrough+in+PPC.&rft.au=El-Ayouby%2C+N+S%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P%3BHall%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=El-Ayouby&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a preventive message in the organizational context: occupational latex allergy in hospitals. AN - 70835195; 10519809 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Maxfield, A M AU - Lewis, M J AU - Tisdale, J A AU - Lachenmayr, S AU - Lum, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Health Communications, Washington, DC 20201, USA. aqm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 125 EP - 127 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Organizational Policy KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+preventive+message+in+the+organizational+context%3A+occupational+latex+allergy+in+hospitals.&rft.au=Maxfield%2C+A+M%3BLewis%2C+M+J%3BTisdale%2C+J+A%3BLachenmayr%2C+S%3BLum%2C+M&rft.aulast=Maxfield&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of a changing U.S. workforce on the occupational injury and illness experience. AN - 70834711; 10519768 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Biddle, E A AU - Blanciforti, L A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. egb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 7 EP - 10 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Impact+of+a+changing+U.S.+workforce+on+the+occupational+injury+and+illness+experience.&rft.au=Biddle%2C+E+A%3BBlanciforti%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting system interactions in the design process. AN - 70834130; 10519786 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steiner, L AU - Cornelius, K AU - Turin, F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Office for Mine Safety and Health Research Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. LNS6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 58 EP - 60 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Coal Mining KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Safety Management KW - Systems Integration KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Workplace KW - Systems Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Predicting+system+interactions+in+the+design+process.&rft.au=Steiner%2C+L%3BCornelius%2C+K%3BTurin%2C+F&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface haulage truck research. AN - 70832935; 10519789 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Boldt, C M AU - Backer, R R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. ctb@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 66 EP - 68 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Research KW - Equipment Failure KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Transportation KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70832935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Surface+haulage+truck+research.&rft.au=Boldt%2C+C+M%3BBacker%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Boldt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community Partners for Healthy Farming: involving communities in intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. AN - 70831908; 10519803 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ehlers, J AU - Palermo, T AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jje0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 107 EP - 109 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Program Evaluation KW - Safety Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Health Promotion KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Community Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70831908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Community+Partners+for+Healthy+Farming%3A+involving+communities+in+intervention+planning%2C+implementation%2C+and+evaluation.&rft.au=Ehlers%2C+J%3BPalermo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ehlers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A workplace safety device for operators of remote-controlled continuous mining machines. AN - 70829687; 10519790 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Schiffbauer, W H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, PA 15236, USA. wcs7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 69 EP - 71 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Workplace KW - Robotics -- instrumentation KW - Mining -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70829687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+workplace+safety+device+for+operators+of+remote-controlled+continuous+mining+machines.&rft.au=Schiffbauer%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Schiffbauer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Young workers at risk when working in agricultural production. AN - 70829598; 10519777 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hard, D AU - Myers, J AU - Snyder, K AU - Casini, V AU - Morton, L AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 31 EP - 33 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70829598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Young+workers+at+risk+when+working+in+agricultural+production.&rft.au=Hard%2C+D%3BMyers%2C+J%3BSnyder%2C+K%3BCasini%2C+V%3BMorton%2C+L%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro toxicity of silica substitutes used for abrasive blasting. AN - 70827546; 10519821 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Blake, T AU - Leonard, S AU - Greskevitch, M AU - Jones, W AU - Pack, D AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Miller, W AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. VAV1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 158 EP - 160 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Minerals -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Silicosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70827546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=In+vitro+toxicity+of+silica+substitutes+used+for+abrasive+blasting.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BBlake%2C+T%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BGreskevitch%2C+M%3BJones%2C+W%3BPack%2C+D%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BMiller%2C+W%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cold-related non-fatal injuries in Alaska. AN - 70822650; 10519780 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Conway, G A AU - Husberg, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Alaska Field Station, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. GOC1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 39 EP - 41 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Immersion Foot -- epidemiology KW - Hypothermia -- epidemiology KW - Immersion Foot -- prevention & control KW - Immersion Foot -- etiology KW - Hypothermia -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Hypothermia -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Male KW - Frostbite -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Frostbite -- etiology KW - Frostbite -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cold Climate -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cold-related+non-fatal+injuries+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BHusberg%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury fatalities among older workers in the United States, 1980-1994. AN - 70822599; 10519774 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kisner, S M AU - Pratt, S G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. smm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 24 EP - 25 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+fatalities+among+older+workers+in+the+United+States%2C+1980-1994.&rft.au=Kisner%2C+S+M%3BPratt%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Kisner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced particle filtration in a non-problem office environment: preliminary results from a double-blind crossover intervention study. AN - 70822078; 10519785 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mendell, M J AU - Fisk, W J AU - Dong, M X AU - Petersen, M AU - Hines, C J AU - Faulkner, D AU - Deddens, J A AU - Ruder, A M AU - Sullivan, D AU - Boeniger, M F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. mfm0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 55 EP - 57 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Ventilation -- instrumentation KW - Ultrafiltration -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Dust -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Enhanced+particle+filtration+in+a+non-problem+office+environment%3A+preliminary+results+from+a+double-blind+crossover+intervention+study.&rft.au=Mendell%2C+M+J%3BFisk%2C+W+J%3BDong%2C+M+X%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BHines%2C+C+J%3BFaulkner%2C+D%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BSullivan%2C+D%3BBoeniger%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Mendell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ambient aerosol for testing agricultural cabs for protection against pesticide aerosol. AN - 70816159; 10519792 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Hall, R M AU - Reed, L D AU - Gibbons, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. wah2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 75 EP - 76 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Transportation -- instrumentation KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Use+of+ambient+aerosol+for+testing+agricultural+cabs+for+protection+against+pesticide+aerosol.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BHall%2C+R+M%3BReed%2C+L+D%3BGibbons%2C+D&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor alpha and toxicology. AN - 70815626; 10521134 AB - The molecular cloning of a group of proteins, collectively referred to as cytokines, and including interleukins, chemokines, growth factors, colony stimulating factors, and tumor necrosis factors, has allowed for the increased understanding of the mechanisms for many disease processes as well as provided strategies for the development of novel therapies. Conceptually similar to hormones and peptides, this group of phylogenetically related molecules are also involved in various toxicological processes, including apoptosis, cell repair, and in particular inflammation. In this review, we offer a description of what many believe represents the primary regulatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and its role in toxicological processes. For over a decade it has been suspected that this molecule helps mediate the shock state induced by bacterial endotoxin and the wasting diathesis that typifies chronic diseases. Advances in molecular biology that have provided tools to modulate TNFalpha regulation and synthesis have allowed for the identification of additional roles for TNFalpha in homeostasis, cellular damage, and repair. This review provides a brief summary of our understanding of TNFalpha biology followed by a discussion of its role in toxicological responses. This is followed by specific examples of organ-specific and tissue-specific responses to chemical damage where TNFalpha has been implicated. The review concludes with a review of its implication in human risk assessment, particularly as it relates to genetic polymorphisms of TNFalpha expression and disease susceptibility. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Luster, M I AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R AU - Matheson, J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. my16@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 491 EP - 511 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Diseases -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Skin Diseases -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- metabolism KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- metabolism KW - Liver Diseases -- metabolism KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- physiology KW - Toxicology KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70815626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+and+toxicology.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R%3BMatheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines by enzymatic reduction of the N-hydroxy derivative. AN - 70809047; 10503898 AB - The metabolic activation pathways associated with carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines have long been known to involve N-oxidation, catalyzed primarily by cytochrome P4501A2, and subsequent O-esterification, often catalyzed by acetyltransferases (NATs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs). We have found a new enzymatic mechanism of carcinogen detoxification: a microsomal NADH-dependent reductase that rapidly converts the N-hydroxy arylamine back to the parent amine. The following N-OH-arylamines and N-OH-heterocyclic amines were rapidly reduced by both human and rat liver microsomes: NOH-4-aminoazobenzene, N-OH-4-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP), N-OH-aniline, N-OH-2-naphthylamine, N-OH-2-aminofluorene, N-OH-4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (N-OH-MOCA), N-OH-1-naphthyamine, N-OH-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), N-OH-2-amino-alpha-carboline (N-OH-AalphaC), N-OH-2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (N-OH-MeIQx), and N-OH-2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (N-OH-IQ). In addition, primary rat hepatocytes and human HepG2 cells efficiently reduced N-OH-PhIP to PhIP. This previously unrecognized detoxification pathway may limit the bioavailability of carcinogenic N-OH heterocyclic and aromatic amines for further activation, DNA adduct formation, and carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer letters AU - King, R S AU - Teitel, C H AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Casciano, D A AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9501, USA. Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Imidazoles KW - Quinolines KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors KW - EC 1.5.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Quinolines -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70809047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+carcinogenic+aromatic+and+heterocyclic+amines+by+enzymatic+reduction+of+the+N-hydroxy+derivative.&rft.au=King%2C+R+S%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a combined irritancy/phenotypic analysis assay for the identification and differentiation of chemicals with the potential to elicit irritation, IgE-mediated, or T cell mediated hypersensitivity responses. AN - 70804920; 10519813 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Manetz, T S AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 136 EP - 138 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Antibody Formation -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- etiology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+combined+irritancy%2Fphenotypic+analysis+assay+for+the+identification+and+differentiation+of+chemicals+with+the+potential+to+elicit+irritation%2C+IgE-mediated%2C+or+T+cell+mediated+hypersensitivity+responses.&rft.au=Manetz%2C+T+S%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Manetz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safer mine hoisting with conveyance position and load monitoring. AN - 70804884; 10519807 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Beus, M J AU - Iverson, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. TZB7@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 119 EP - 121 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Equipment Safety KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Elevators and Escalators KW - Mining -- instrumentation KW - Safety Management KW - Weight-Bearing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Safer+mine+hoisting+with+conveyance+position+and+load+monitoring.&rft.au=Beus%2C+M+J%3BIverson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Beus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating engineering controls during asphalt paving using a portable tracer gas method. AN - 70804852; 10519793 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Mead, K R AU - Shulman, S A AU - Brumagin, T E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rlm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Transportation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Human Engineering KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluating+engineering+controls+during+asphalt+paving+using+a+portable+tracer+gas+method.&rft.au=Mickelsen%2C+R+L%3BMead%2C+K+R%3BShulman%2C+S+A%3BBrumagin%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Mickelsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of residues of azamethiphos in salmon tissue by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 70790236; 10513020 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence detection (FLD) is described for determining residues of the pesticide azamethiphos (AZA) in salmon tissue. The sample is extracted with ethyl acetate, centrifuged, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated, reconstituted in water, and defatted with hexane. The aqueous phase is passed through a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The SPE column is eluted with methanol, and the eluate is evaporated to dryness and then taken up in 10% acetonitrile (ACN) in water. The analyte is determined by LC using a C18 column, ACN-H2O (32 + 68) mobile phase, and FLD with excitation at 230 nm and emission at 345 nm. Composited salmon tissues were fortified with AZA at 5, 10, 21, 42, and 83 ng/g or ppb (target level, X = 10 ng/g). Overall recoveries were 86%, with between-day variability of 5.3%. The method detection limit was calculated as 1.2 ppb AZA based on a 5 g sample. The limit of quantitation as determined empirically by this method is the lower limit of the standard curve, approximately 5 ppb. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Roybal, J E AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Gonzales, S A AU - Hurlbut, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1224 EP - 1228 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Pesticide Residues KW - azamethiphos KW - 35575-96-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Organothiophosphates -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Salmon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70790236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+residues+of+azamethiphos+in+salmon+tissue+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Pfenning%2C+A+P%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BGonzales%2C+S+A%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Pfenning&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazards of pepper spray. AN - 70785349; 10495655 JF - North Carolina medical journal AU - Smith, C G AU - Stopford, W AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section, NC Department of Health and Human Services, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 268 EP - 274 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0029-2559, 0029-2559 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Police KW - Capsaicin -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Capsicum UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70785349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+medical+journal&rft.atitle=Health+hazards+of+pepper+spray.&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+G%3BStopford%2C+W&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+Carolina+medical+journal&rft.issn=00292559&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N C Med J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):314-5 [10581936] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of stress proteins in rat cardiac myocytes by antimony. AN - 70779050; 10495772 AB - The effects of nonlethal concentrations of potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) were examined in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. PAT (5, 10 microM) significantly increased cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and heme oxygenase activity after 18 h. GSH levels and heme oxygenase activity were increased 2.5- and 5.4-fold, respectively, by 10 microM PAT after 18 h. In addition, total cytochrome P450 levels were decreased by PAT after an 18-h exposure. PAT exposures were associated with the induction of specific stress proteins. Nonlethal concentrations of PAT produced a dose-dependent increase in HO-1, HSP70, and HSP25/27 protein levels but did not increase HSP60 levels. Pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with low concentrations of PAT (0.5-10 microM) protected against a subsequent lethal concentration of PAT (200 microM). This protection was blocked if cells were treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Results demonstrate that low concentrations of PAT increase GSH levels and stress protein synthesis, which may be responsible for the protection that low-level PAT exposure offers against the subsequent toxicity of higher concentrations of PAT. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Snawder, J E AU - Tirmenstein, M A AU - Mathias, P I AU - Toraason, M AD - Cellular Toxicology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Chaperonin 60 KW - 0 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate KW - DL6OZ476V3 KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) KW - EC 1.14.14.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Chaperonin 60 -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Blotting, Western KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Heart Ventricles -- metabolism KW - Heart Ventricles -- drug effects KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate -- toxicity KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70779050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+stress+proteins+in+rat+cardiac+myocytes+by+antimony.&rft.au=Snawder%2C+J+E%3BTirmenstein%2C+M+A%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Snawder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The use of timing behaviors in animals and humans to detect drug and/or toxicant effects. AN - 70058083; 10492384 AB - Behavioral paradigms applicable for use in both human and nonhuman subjects for investigating aspects of timing behavior are presented with a view towards exploring their strengths, weaknesses, and utility in a variety of experimental situations. Tri-peak, peak interval, differential reinforcement of low rate responding, and temporal response differentiation procedures are highlighted. In addition, the application of timing tasks in preclinical and clinical settings is discussed: pharmacological manipulations are providing information on the neurotransmitters involved and species differences; normative data for children are being developed; and noninvasive imaging procedures are being employed in adult human subjects to explore the involvement of specific brain areas. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Meck, W H AU - McMillan, D E AU - McClure, G Y AU - Bateson, M AU - Popke, E J AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Hinton, S C Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 491 EP - 502 VL - 21 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Time Perception -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70058083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+timing+behaviors+in+animals+and+humans+to+detect+drug+and%2For+toxicant+effects.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BMeck%2C+W+H%3BMcMillan%2C+D+E%3BMcClure%2C+G+Y%3BBateson%2C+M%3BPopke%2C+E+J%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BHinton%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of laser scanning confocal microscopy in the analysis of particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis. AN - 70045575; 10496684 AB - Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) allows us to simultaneously quantitate the degree of lung fibrosis and distinguish various pathological lesions of intact lung tissue. Lucifer Yellow has been shown an ideal fluorescent stain to examine the connective tissue matrix components of embedded lung tissue with LSCM. We evaluated the use of LSCM in quantitating lung fibrosis and compared this procedure with the more traditional method of assessing fibrosis by measuring hydroxyproline, a biochemical assay of collagen. CD/VAF rats were intratracheally dosed with silica (highly fibrogenic), Fe2O3 (non-fibrogenic), and saline (vehicle control) at a high dose of 10-mg/100 g body weight. At 60 days post-instillation, the left lung was dissolved in 6 M HCl and assayed for hydroxyproline. Silica induced increases of 58% and 94% in hydroxyproline content over the Fe2O3 and control groups, respectively. The right lung lobes were fixed, sectioned into blocks, dehydrated, stained with Lucifer Yellow (0.1 mg/ml), and embedded in Spurr plastic. Using LSCM and ImageSpace software, the tissue areas of ten random scans from ten blocks of tissue for each of the three groups were measured, and three-dimensional reconstructions of random areas of lung were generated. The silica group showed increases of 57% and 60% in the lung areas stained by Lucifer Yellow over the Fe2O3 and control groups, respectively. Regression analysis of hydroxyproline vs. lung tissue area demonstrated a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. Histological analysis of right lung tissue revealed a marked degree of granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis for the silica group, which was absent in the Fe2O3 and control groups. No significant differences (p < 0.05) in hydroxyproline content and measured tissue area were observed between the Fe2O3 and control groups. LSCM, and its associated advanced image analysis and three-dimensional capabilities, is an alternative method to both quickly quantitate and examine fibrotic lung disease without physical disruption of the tissue specimen. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Charron, T G AU - Roberts, J R AU - Lai, J AU - Blake, T L AU - Rogers, R A AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 126 EP - 134 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - 0 KW - Isoquinolines KW - ferric oxide KW - 1K09F3G675 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - lucifer yellow KW - 9654F8OVKE KW - Hydroxyproline KW - RMB44WO89X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Particle Size KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Plastic Embedding KW - Male KW - Hydroxyproline -- metabolism KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Confocal -- methods KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70045575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Application+of+laser+scanning+confocal+microscopy+in+the+analysis+of+particle-induced+pulmonary+fibrosis.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BCharron%2C+T+G%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BLai%2C+J%3BBlake%2C+T+L%3BRogers%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a two-component signal transduction system from Corynebacterium diphtheriae that activates gene expression in response to the presence of heme and hemoglobin. AN - 70001920; 10464204 AB - Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, utilizes various host compounds to acquire iron. The C. diphtheriae hmuO gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme and hemoglobin as iron sources. Transcription of the hmuO gene in C. diphtheriae is controlled under a dual regulatory mechanism in which the diphtheria toxin repressor protein (DtxR) and iron repress expression while either heme or hemoglobin is needed to activate transcription. In this study, two clones isolated from a C. diphtheriae chromosomal library were shown to activate transcription from the hmuO promoter in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis revealed that these activator clones each carried distinct genes whose products had significant homology to response regulators of two-component signal transduction systems. Located upstream from each of these response regulator homologs are partial open reading frames that are predicted to encode the C-terminal portions of sensor kinases. The full-length sensor kinase gene for each of these systems was cloned from the C. diphtheriae chromosome, and constructs each carrying one complete sensor kinase gene and its cognate response regulator were constructed. One of these constructs, pTSB20, which carried the response regulator (chrA) and its cognate sensor kinase (chrS), was shown to strongly activate transcription from the hmuO promoter in a heme-dependent manner in E. coli. A mutation in chrA (chrAD50N), which changed a conserved aspartic acid residue at position 50, the presumed site of phosphorylation by ChrS, to an asparagine, abolished heme-dependent activation. These findings suggest that the sensor kinase ChrS is involved in the detection of heme and the transduction of this signal, via a phosphotransfer mechanism, to the response regulator ChrA, which then activates transcription of the hmuO promoter. This is the first report of a bacterial two-component signal transduction system that controls gene expression through a heme-responsive mechanism. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Schmitt, M P AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. schmitt@cher.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 5330 EP - 5340 VL - 181 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DegS protein, Bacteria KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Hemoglobins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Trans-Activators KW - cstA protein, E coli KW - degS protein, Escherichia coli KW - ChrA protein, Bacteria KW - 127121-16-8 KW - uhpB protein, Bacteria KW - 142845-20-3 KW - Hemin KW - 743LRP9S7N KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) KW - EC 1.14.14.18 KW - HmuO protein, bacteria KW - Phosphotransferases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Protein Kinases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Operon KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Alleles KW - Base Sequence KW - Cattle KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- metabolism KW - Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Trans-Activators -- genetics KW - Protein Kinases -- genetics KW - Hemin -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70001920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+two-component+signal+transduction+system+from+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+that+activates+gene+expression+in+response+to+the+presence+of+heme+and+hemoglobin.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF161328; GENBANK; AF161327 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1969 Jun;3(6):586-98 [4978942] Biochemistry. 1996 Aug 27;35(34):11053-61 [8780507] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Microbiol Rev. 1978 Mar;42(1):45-66 [379572] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Nov;18(5):814-21 [6255866] J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557-80 [6345791] Mol Gen Genet. 1984;197(2):337-41 [6097798] Eur J Biochem. 1988 Feb 1;171(3):457-61 [3345742] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(15):5968-72 [2116013] Infect Immun. 1991 Jun;59(6):1899-904 [1828057] Gene. 1991 Apr;100:195-9 [2055470] Biol Met. 1991;4(1):7-13 [1830211] Infect Immun. 1991 Nov;59(11):3903-8 [1718867] EMBO J. 1992 Dec;11(12):4359-67 [1425573] Annu Rev Genet. 1992;26:71-112 [1482126] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Apr;6(2):137-49 [8472246] Infect Immun. 1993 Oct;61(10):4033-7 [8406790] J Bacteriol. 1994 Feb;176(4):1141-9 [8106325] Mol Microbiol. 1996 May;20(4):725-39 [9026634] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1910-9 [8999880] J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(3):838-45 [9006041] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Feb;23(4):825-33 [9157252] J Bacteriol. 1997 Mar;179(6):1898-908 [9068634] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Jun;24(5):1049-60 [9220011] J Bacteriol. 1997 Sep;179(18):5903-13 [9294451] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Aug;25(3):583-95 [9302020] Infect Immun. 1997 Oct;65(10):4273-80 [9317037] Infect Immun. 1997 Nov;65(11):4634-41 [9353044] Infect Immun. 1997 Dec;65(12):5364-7 [9393842] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 9;273(2):837-41 [9422739] Met Ions Biol Syst. 1998;35:67-145 [9444760] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):1139-52 [9680204] Plant J. 1998 Jul;15(1):99-107 [9744099] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Sep;29(6):1493-507 [9781885] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Aug;13(4):719-32 [7997183] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Oct;14(2):191-7 [7830565] Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1241-5 [7890379] J Bacteriol. 1995 Jun;177(11):3004-9 [7768795] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(5):883-93 [7596290] Infect Immun. 1996 Aug;64(8):3134-41 [8757844] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Nov;18(3):383-90 [8748023] J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(11):3269-77 [8195082] Infect Immun. 1994 Jul;62(7):2885-92 [8005678] Annu Rev Nutr. 1994;14:471-93 [7946530] Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:69-94 [20040] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in Southern California children with asthma. AN - 69997682; 10464066 AB - People who live in cities with dirty air have blacker lungs than people who live in rural areas with less air pollution. This is because, although particulates larger than 10 microm are filtered out when inhaled air passes through the nose, smaller particulates reach the lower airways. The particulates that reach the alveoli (the terminal air pockets of the lungs) stay there permanently. This accounts for the fact that a person who has lived in a polluted city for many years has blacker lungs than one who has lived in a polluted city for a shorter time. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Etzel, R A AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 691 VL - 107 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Asthma -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69997682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+bronchitic+symptoms+in+Southern+California+children+with+asthma.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of propranolol blockade of adrenergic receptors and related toxicity with drugs that increase cyclic AMP. AN - 69996527; 10460701 AB - An overdose of propranolol, a widely used nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, can result in hypotension and bradycardia leading to irreversible shock and death. In addition, the blockade of adrenergic receptors can lead to alterations in neurotransmitter receptors resulting in the interruption of the activity of other second messengers and the ultimate cellular responses. In the present experiment, three agents, aminophylline, amrinone, and forskolin were tested in an attempt to reverse the potential lethal effects of a propranolol overdose in dogs. Twenty-two anesthetized beagle dogs were given a 10-min infusion of propranolol at a dose of 1 mg/kg/min. Six of the dogs, treated only with intravenous saline, served as controls. Within 15-30 min all six control dogs exhibited profound hypotension and severe bradycardia that led to cardiogenic shock and death. Seven dogs were treated with intravenous aminophylline 20 mg/kg 5 min after the end of the propranolol infusion. Within 10-15 min heart rate and systemic arterial blood pressure returned to near control levels, and all seven dogs survived. Intravenous amrinone (2-3 mg/kg) given to five dogs, and forskolin (1-2 mg/kg) given to four dogs, also increased heart rate and systemic arterial blood pressure but the recovery of these parameters was appreciably slower than that seen with aminophylline. All of these animals also survived with no apparent adverse effects. Histopathologic evaluation of the hearts of the dogs treated with aminophylline showed less damage (vacuolization, inflammation, hemorrhage) than the hearts from animals given propranolol alone. Results of this study showed that these three drugs, all of which increase cyclic AMP, are capable of reversing the otherwise lethal effects of a propranolol overdose in dogs. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Whitehurst, V E AU - Vick, J A AU - Alleva, F R AU - Zhang, J AU - Joseph, X AU - Balazs, T AD - Division of Pulmonary Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Whitehurst@CDER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 382 EP - 385 VL - 221 IS - 4 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Adrenergic Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Aminophylline KW - 27Y3KJK423 KW - Propranolol KW - 9Y8NXQ24VQ KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Amrinone KW - JUT23379TN KW - Index Medicus KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Amrinone -- pharmacology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- pathology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Aminophylline -- pharmacology KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Dogs KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Adrenergic Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Propranolol -- toxicity KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+propranolol+blockade+of+adrenergic+receptors+and+related+toxicity+with+drugs+that+increase+cyclic+AMP.&rft.au=Whitehurst%2C+V+E%3BVick%2C+J+A%3BAlleva%2C+F+R%3BZhang%2C+J%3BJoseph%2C+X%3BBalazs%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whitehurst&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial IL-10 inhibition of the cell-mediated immune response in chronic beryllium disease. AN - 69981858; 10453017 AB - Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in which to study the delayed type IV hypersensitivity response to persistent Ag that leads to noncaseating pulmonary granuloma formation. We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. To test this hypothesis, we used bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and on T lymphocyte proliferation. Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte proliferation. Second, the addition of excess exogenous rhIL-10 partially inhibited the beryllium-stimulated production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. Interestingly, beryllium salts interfered with an IL-10-stimulated decrease in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DR. We conclude that, in the CBD-derived, beryllium-stimulated cell-mediated immune response, low levels of endogenous IL-10 have no appreciable effect; exogenous rhIL-10 has a limited effect on cytokine production and no effect on T lymphocyte proliferation or HLA expression. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Tinkle, S S AU - Kittle, L A AU - Newman, L S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 2747 EP - 2753 VL - 163 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - HLA-D Antigens KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - beryllium sulfate KW - 01UQ1KPC7E KW - Interleukin-10 KW - 130068-27-8 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - HLA-D Antigens -- biosynthesis KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- immunology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Chronic Disease KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Beryllium -- pharmacology KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - Interleukin-10 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-10 -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-10 -- physiology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69981858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Partial+IL-10+inhibition+of+the+cell-mediated+immune+response+in+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Tinkle%2C+S+S%3BKittle%2C+L+A%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Tinkle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of influenza virus matrix protein with ribonucleoproteins. AN - 69945168; 10438836 AB - To characterize the sites and nature of binding of influenza A virus matrix protein (M1) to ribonucleoprotein (RNP), M1 of A/WSN/33 was altered by deletion or site-directed mutagenesis, expressed in vitro, and allowed to attach to RNP under a variety of conditions. Approximately 70% of the wild-type (Wt) M1 bound to RNP at pH 7.0, but less than 5% of M1 associated with RNP at pH 5.0. Increasing the concentration of NaCl reduced M1 binding, but even at a high salt concentration (0.6 M NaCl), approximately 20% of the input M1 was capable of binding to RNP. Mutations altering potential M1 RNA-binding regions (basic amino acids 101RKLKR105 and the zinc finger motif at amino acids 148 to 162) had varied effect: mutations of amino acids 101 to 105 reduced RNP binding compared to the Wt M1, but mutations of zinc finger motif did not. Treatment of RNP with RNase reduced M1 binding by approximately half, but even M1 mutants lacking RNA-binding regions had residual binding to RNase-treated RNP provided that the N-terminal 76 amino acids of M1 (containing two hydrophobic domains) were intact. Addition of detergent to the reaction mixture further reduced binding related to the N-terminal 76 amino acids and showed the greatest effect for mutations affecting the RNA-binding regions of basic amino acids. The data suggest that M1 interacts with both the RNA and protein components of RNP in assembly and disassembly of influenza A viruses. JF - Journal of virology AU - Ye, Z AU - Liu, T AU - Offringa, D P AU - McInnis, J AU - Levandowski, R A AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. yez@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 7467 EP - 7473 VL - 73 IS - 9 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - M-protein, influenza virus KW - 0 KW - M1 protein, Influenza A virus KW - Ribonucleoproteins KW - Viral Matrix Proteins KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Chick Embryo KW - Gene Expression KW - Gene Deletion KW - Binding Sites KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- genetics KW - Ribonucleoproteins -- metabolism KW - Influenza A virus -- metabolism KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69945168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Association+of+influenza+virus+matrix+protein+with+ribonucleoproteins.&rft.au=Ye%2C+Z%3BLiu%2C+T%3BOffringa%2C+D+P%3BMcInnis%2C+J%3BLevandowski%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=7467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1971 Oct;46(1):149-60 [5166352] J Gen Virol. 1998 Oct;79 ( Pt 10):2435-46 [9780049] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):470-9 [7431487] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):586-90 [7431489] Virology. 1980 Dec;107(2):548-51 [6256950] J Gen Virol. 1982 Apr;59(Pt 2):403-8 [7077304] Virology. 1982 Apr 30;118(2):466-70 [7090187] J Virol. 1982 Dec;44(3):871-6 [7176019] Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:467-506 [6351727] Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):627-33 [3882238] J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):239-46 [2433462] Virology. 1988 Apr;163(2):618-21 [3354209] Virology. 1988 Jun;164(2):562-6 [3369093] J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2762-72 [2455818] J Gen Virol. 1988 Aug;69 ( Pt 8):1859-72 [3404117] J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1558-68 [2926863] J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3586-94 [2474671] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8569-80 [2479906] Virology. 1990 May;176(1):274-9 [2158693] Virology. 1991 Feb;180(2):617-24 [1989386] Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):117-30 [1913813] Virology. 1992 Jan;186(1):324-30 [1727609] Cell. 1992 May 15;69(4):577-8 [1375129] J Gen Virol. 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):37-42 [8113738] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1964-70 [7853543] J Virol. 1996 Jan;70(1):241-7 [8523532] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):6653-7 [8794300] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8391-401 [8970960] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8639-44 [8970989] J Virol. 1997 Apr;71(4):2947-58 [9060654] Nat Struct Biol. 1997 Mar;4(3):239-44 [9164466] J Gen Virol. 1997 Jul;78 ( Pt 7):1589-96 [9225034] Virology. 1998 Jan 5;240(1):127-37 [9448697] Virology. 1972 Jan;47(1):181-96 [4110126] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. 2. Cigarettes. AN - 69285415; 10552710 AB - A reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products was previously developed and optimized (Ciolino, L. A.; Turner, J. A.; McCauley, H. A.; Smallwood, A. W.; Yi, T. Y. J. Chromatogr. 1999a, 852 (2), 451-463) and provided reliable results for the determination of nicotine in commercial moist snuff (Ciolino, L. A.; McCauley, H. A.; Fraser, D. B.; Barnett, D. Y.; Yi, T. Y.; Turner, J. A. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999b, 47, 3706-3712). The method uses an aqueous-based sample extraction and provides rapid separation of nicotine from the minor tobacco alkaloids and other commercial tobacco components. In the present work, the method is evaluated for the determination of nicotine in commercial cigarettes and compared to both an official AOAC method for total alkaloids in tobacco (AOAC, AOAC Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th ed.; AOAC International: Gaithersburg, MD, 1995; pp 30-31), and a published GC method (Lyerly, L. A.; Greene, G. H. Beitr. Tabakforsch. 1976, 8 (6), 359-361). Good agreement was obtained between the ion-pair LC method and the GC method with relative differences in determined nicotine contents of 0.6 to 5% for a series of commercial and reference cigarettes. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Ciolino, L A AU - Fraser, D B AU - Yi, T Y AU - Turner, J A AU - Barnett, D Y AU - McCauley, H A AD - Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA. lciolino@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3713 EP - 3717 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69285415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Reversed+phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+nicotine+in+commercial+tobacco+products.+2.+Cigarettes.&rft.au=Ciolino%2C+L+A%3BFraser%2C+D+B%3BYi%2C+T+Y%3BTurner%2C+J+A%3BBarnett%2C+D+Y%3BMcCauley%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Ciolino&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. 1. Moist snuff. AN - 69283705; 10552709 AB - The official methods for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products (AOAC, CORESTA) are based on approaches that are not selective for nicotine (colorimetric measurement, steam distillation, perchloric acid titration), and the availability of published methods based on state-of-the-art chromatographic methods is limited. Reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatography has been established as a viable alternative for the analysis of basic analytes. A reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products was developed and optimized in separate experiments (Ciolino, L. A.; Turner, J. A.; McCauley, H. A.; Smallwood, A. W.; Yi, T. Y. J. Chromatogr. 1999a, 852 (2), 451-463). An extensive within-laboratory performance study of the optimized method was subsequently conducted, and results are presented here for the determination of nicotine in commercial moist snuff. Results for the determination of nicotine in commercial cigarettes are presented in a subsequent paper. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Ciolino, L A AU - McCauley, H A AU - Fraser, D B AU - Barnett, D Y AU - Yi, T Y AU - Turner, J A AD - Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA. lciolino@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3706 EP - 3712 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69283705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Reversed+phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+nicotine+in+commercial+tobacco+products.+1.+Moist+snuff.&rft.au=Ciolino%2C+L+A%3BMcCauley%2C+H+A%3BFraser%2C+D+B%3BBarnett%2C+D+Y%3BYi%2C+T+Y%3BTurner%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Ciolino&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Health USA, 1999. AN - 62410405; ED438063 AB - Intended to inform policymaking in the public and private sectors, this booklet compiles secondary data for 54 health status indicators. The book provides both graphical and textual summaries of data, and addresses long-term trends where applicable. Data are presented for the target populations of Title V funding: infants, children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age. In addition to health status, the book addresses health services utilization and population characteristics. Following the introduction, which discusses trends and issues in children's health, the booklet has six sections: (1) "Population Characteristics," including children in poverty, maternal age, working mothers, and school dropouts; (2) "Health Status," discussing the health issues related to infants, children, and adolescents; (3) "Health Services and Utilization," including health care financing, vaccination coverage levels, physician visits, service utilization by children with chronic conditions, hospital utilization, and prenatal care; (4) "State-Specific Data," including data tables on infant and neonatal mortality, prenatal care, low birth weight, births to women under 18, Medicaid information, and health care financing; (5) "City Data," focusing on comparisons between cities with populations over 100,000 and national data on infant mortality, low birth weight, and prenatal care; and (6) "Progress towards Healthy People 2000," summarizing progress toward several prevention objectives. (Contains 32 references.) (HTH) Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 83 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. For full text: http:// www.mchb.hrsa.gov. KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Indicators KW - Medicaid KW - Vaccination KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Indicators KW - Birth Weight KW - Early Parenthood KW - Mortality Rate KW - Mothers KW - Employed Parents KW - Dropout Rate KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Prenatal Care KW - Health Care Costs KW - Demography KW - Health Needs KW - Municipalities KW - Poverty KW - Day Care KW - Incidence KW - Health Behavior KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62410405?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1998 edition, see PS 028 262. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American Indian and Alaska Native Trends in Behavioral Health, 1990-1996 AN - 61451051; 200009558 AB - To analyze & evaluate American Indian trends in behavioral risk, data on five health behaviors were drawn from the 1990-1996 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) representing the 34 states covered by the Indian Health Service. Time trends were analyzed with the use of linear regression. Diabetes increased among Indian men. The average annual %-point increase in diabetes awareness among Indian men was 0.4. Greater attention needs to be focused on Indian health-risk behaviors, especially diabetes awareness, as well as the surveillance of related behaviors such as overweight, physical activity, & diet. States should be encouraged & provided resources to improve BRFSS Indian samples. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 14 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Journal of Health Behavior AU - Taylor, Timothy L AU - Denny, Clark H AU - Freeman, William L AD - Alcoholism & Substance Abuse Program, Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 345 EP - 351 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1087-3244, 1087-3244 KW - Risk KW - Eskimos KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Education KW - American Indians KW - Diabetes KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61451051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.atitle=American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Trends+in+Behavioral+Health%2C+1990-1996&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Timothy+L%3BDenny%2C+Clark+H%3BFreeman%2C+William+L&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.issn=10873244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AJHBF6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Indians; Eskimos; Risk; Health Behavior; Health Education; Diabetes ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for uranium AN - 52187381; 2001-061611 JF - Toxicological profile for uranium AU - Keith, Sam AU - Spoo, Wayne AU - Corcoran, James Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 398 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - risk assessment KW - air KW - uranium KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - actinides KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52187381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Keith%2C+Sam%3BSpoo%2C+Wayne%3BCorcoran%2C+James&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+uranium&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+uranium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 763 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 31 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA Evaluations Using In Vitro Metabolism to Predict and Interpret In Vivo Metabolic Drug-Drug Interactions: Impact on Labeling AN - 21148106; 11643495 AB - Recent advances in in vitro metabolism methods have led to an improved ability to predict clinically relevant metabolic drug-drug interactions. To address the relationships of in vitro metabolism data and in vivo metabolism outcomes, the Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, evaluated a number of recently approved new drug applications. The goal of these evaluations was to determine the contribution of in vitro metabolism data in (1) predicting in vivo drug-drug interactions, (2) determining the need to conduct an in vivo drug-drug interaction study, and (3) incorporating findings into drug product labeling. Ten cases are presented in this article. They fall into two major groups: (1) in vitro data were predictive of in vivo results, and (2) in vitro data were not predictive of in vivo results. Discussion of these cases highlights factors limiting predictability of in vivo metabolic interactions from in vitro metabolism data. The integration of these findings into drug product labeling is also discussed. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Davit, Barbara AU - Reynolds, Kellie AU - Yuan, Rae AU - Ajayi, Funmilayo AU - Conner, Dale AU - Fadiran, Emmanuel AU - Gillespie, Brad AU - Sahajwalla, Chandra AU - Huang, Shiew-Mei AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 899 EP - 910 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Integration KW - Data processing KW - Pharmacology KW - Drug development KW - Metabolism KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21148106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=FDA+Evaluations+Using+In+Vitro+Metabolism+to+Predict+and+Interpret+In+Vivo+Metabolic+Drug-Drug+Interactions%3A+Impact+on+Labeling&rft.au=Davit%2C+Barbara%3BReynolds%2C+Kellie%3BYuan%2C+Rae%3BAjayi%2C+Funmilayo%3BConner%2C+Dale%3BFadiran%2C+Emmanuel%3BGillespie%2C+Brad%3BSahajwalla%2C+Chandra%3BHuang%2C+Shiew-Mei%3BLesko%2C+Lawrence+J&rft.aulast=Davit&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F009127009903900902 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Integration; Data processing; Pharmacology; Drug development; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009127009903900902 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunization with Meningococcal Outer-Membrane Protein Vesicles Containing Lipooligosaccharide Protects Mice against Lethal Experimental Group B Neisseria meningitidis Infection and Septic Shock AN - 18081024; 5155342 AB - Detergent-treated group B Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (D-OMVs) from wild-type M986 and from nonencapsulated mutant M986-non-capsule variant (NCV) were compared as immunogens. Eight weeks after 3 consecutive immunizations with the immunogens, mice were challenged with a lethal dose of purified endotoxin or heat-killed or living N. meningitidis, plus D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg). D-OMVs from M986 induced bactericidal antibodies to both M986 (B: 2a: P1.5,2: L3,7) and 6275 (B: 2a: P1.2,5: L3) and protected the animals against both strains, whereas D-OMVs from M986-NCV did not protect the animals against infection with 6275 even when high serum bactericidal activity was induced. Tumor necrosis factor- alpha detected after bacterial infection was high in both protected and unprotected mice; interleukin (IL)-6 was high in mice that died but low in animals that survived. Exogenous administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 reversed the immunogens' protective effects. Protection against infection in mice does not necessarily correlate with the measured levels of serum bactericidal antibody alone, opsonic antibody alone, or cytokine profile alone. A comprehensive assessment of the preclinical efficacy of group B outer-membrane protein vaccines should include monitoring humoral antibodies, cytokine response, and protective effects against lethal infection. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Quakyi, E K AU - Frasch, CE AU - Buller, N AU - Tsai, C-M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 747 EP - 754 VL - 180 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Outer membranes KW - Membrane proteins KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Immunization KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18081024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immunization+with+Meningococcal+Outer-Membrane+Protein+Vesicles+Containing+Lipooligosaccharide+Protects+Mice+against+Lethal+Experimental+Group+B+Neisseria+meningitidis+Infection+and+Septic+Shock&rft.au=Quakyi%2C+E+K%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BBuller%2C+N%3BTsai%2C+C-M&rft.aulast=Quakyi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Immunization; Membrane proteins; Outer membranes ER - TY - CONF T1 - Hprt lymphocyte mutant frequency in relation to DNA adduct formation in rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene AN - 17557225; 4738372 AB - The lymphocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) assay is frequently used as a biomarker for the exposure of both humans and laboratory animals to potentially carcinogenic agents. To obtain information concerning the sensitivity of the rat Hprt lymphocyte assay toward aromatic amine carcinogens, male F344 rats were fed 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) for 1 month and then returned to control diet for 2 months. At 4, 27, 48, 62, and 90 days after the initiation of 2-AAF-feeding, the frequency of mutants in the Hprt gene was determined. In addition, DNA was isolated from liver nuclei, spleen lymphocytes, bone marrow, and thymus, and DNA adducts were analyzed by super(32)P-postlabeling. 2-AAF feeding resulted in a significant induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes and the mutant frequency continued to increase after the 2-AAF feeding was stopped. The same major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene, was detected in liver, spleen lymphocytes, bone marrow, and thymus. DNA adduct levels were greatest in the tumor target tissue (liver) but occurred in all T-lymphocyte compartments, being highest in spleen lymphocytes. The DNA adduct levels were highest at the end of the 1-month 2-AAF feeding period and decreased rapidly in all tissues. The data indicate that the Hprt lymphocyte mutagenesis assay detects arylamine carcinogens, but with relatively low sensitivity. JF - Cancer Letters AU - Beland, F A AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Smith, BA AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Heflich, R H Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 249 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier, [URL:http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/6/0/5/0/] VL - 143 IS - 2 KW - rats KW - N-2-Fluorenylacetamide KW - hprt gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - Lymphocytes KW - Mutants KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17557225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Hprt+lymphocyte+mutant+frequency+in+relation+to+DNA+adduct+formation+in+rats+fed+the+hepatocarcinogen+2-acetylaminofluorene&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BSmith%2C+BA%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3835%2899%2900134-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00134-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological analysis of one hectare of terra-firme dense tropical rainforest at Estrada da Varzea, Amazon state, Brazil TT - Analise ecologica de um hectare em floresta ombrofila densa de terra-firme, Estrada da Varzea, Amazonas, Brasil AN - 17491867; 4679946 AB - A fitossociological survey was carried out in a terra firme dense tropical rainforest on a stretch of Estrada da Varzea (Foodplain road) linking Manaus to the counties of Silves and Itapiranga in Amazonas state. The work was aimed at analysing floristic composition fitossociological parameters necessary for determining species ecological importance value index (IVI), as well as, the vegetation structure. Sample distribution was carried out through sattelite image analysis. Sampling was done in a 10 x 1.000m transect, divided into 20 subplots, each measuring 10 x 50m. All arboreal individuals with a circumference at breast height (CBH) greater than or equal to 30cm, such as, palm trees, vines and terrestrial herbs were included from which samples were taken for later identification; according to the Cronquist system. As a result, 527 individuals distributed into 47 families, 118 genera and 196 species, were recorded. Families presenting the highest diversity were Lecythidaceae (20), Lauraceae (19), Sapotaceae(17), Chrysobalanaceae, Burseraceae (12) and Annonaceae (9), representing 47% of the family diversity, showing local diversity to be concentrated within few families. Species with highest importance value index (IVI), Goupia glabra Aubl. (9.34), Ocotea rubra (Meiss.) Allen (8.71), because of their large diameter represented in the relative dominance. Nevertheless, when comparing local density with the one obtained from other works using the same sampling criteria it was concluded that the locality is less abundant in number of individuals per ha., but the diversity of families and species does not differ from results reached for terra-firme forests within other areas in Amazonia. JF - Acta Amazonica AU - Matos, FDA AU - Do Amaral, IL AD - Pesquisadores da CPBO do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) Al. Cosme Ferreira, 1756 - Manaus - AM, 69.083-000, Brasil, fmatos@inpa.gov.br Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 365 EP - 379 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0044-5967, 0044-5967 KW - Brazil KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rain forests KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Tropical environment KW - Species diversity KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17491867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Amazonica&rft.atitle=Ecological+analysis+of+one+hectare+of+terra-firme+dense+tropical+rainforest+at+Estrada+da+Varzea%2C+Amazon+state%2C+Brazil&rft.au=Matos%2C+FDA%3BDo+Amaral%2C+IL&rft.aulast=Matos&rft.aufirst=FDA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Amazonica&rft.issn=00445967&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rain forests; Vegetation patterns; Tropical environment; Species diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computerized Accident Reconstruction and Training for Metal/Non-Metal Mines AN - 17480916; 4678912 AB - A NIOSH study on occupational deaths between 1980 and 1989 indicated that the mining industry has the highest average annual fatality rate. Mining is also the highest risk industry in 23 states, and accounts for the largest number of occupational deaths in three states. Researchers believe that the use of enhanced computer visualization and multimedia training tools will help to reduce these injury and fatality numbers. Accordingly, researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory (SRL) are developing computer programs that will be used to educate mine workers on the hazards of mining, as well as train miners in evacuation routes and evacuation procedures. Computer-based training tools offer several distinct advantages over more conventional training tools. Computer-based tools provide a three-dimensional immersive environment that allows the trainee to experience mining hazards and view mine accidents without actually being exposed to mine hazards. This "time-on-task" will help reinforce the learning acquired during more conventional classroom instruction. In addition, the inherent flexibility of this type of tool allows the training material to be tailored to meet the requirements of individual mines. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Filigenzi, M T AU - Orr, T J AU - Ruff, T M AD - NIOSH, Spokane Research Laboratory, 315 E. Montgomery Ave, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, gf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 116 EP - 118 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - accident reconstruction KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - Training KW - Computer applications KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Computerized+Accident+Reconstruction+and+Training+for+Metal%2FNon-Metal+Mines&rft.au=Filigenzi%2C+M+T%3BOrr%2C+T+J%3BRuff%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Filigenzi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Mining; Occupational safety; Mortality; Training; Computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Where African-American Women Work and the Nonfatal Work-Related Injuries They Experienced in the U.S. in 1996, Compared to Women of Other Races AN - 17478991; 4678905 AB - Occupational safety and health problems of women in general, and African-American women in particular, have historically not been adequately addressed. In fact, concern on racial disparity, and difficulties in obtaining scientific data for the studies of minority public health led to the disadvantaged Minority Health Improvement Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-527). This study was conducted to identify where African-American women work and the nonfatal injuries they experienced on the job in the United States in 1996, and to compare these patterns to women of other races. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Chen, G X AU - Layne, LA AD - NIOSH, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, gdc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 34 EP - 36 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - African Americans KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Where+African-American+Women+Work+and+the+Nonfatal+Work-Related+Injuries+They+Experienced+in+the+U.S.+in+1996%2C+Compared+to+Women+of+Other+Races&rft.au=Chen%2C+G+X%3BLayne%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Occupational health; Ethnic groups; Females; Injuries; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety Climate Dimensions Associated with Occupational Exposure to Blood-Borne Pathogens in Nurses AN - 17478259; 4678913 AB - The present study focused on three specific safety climate dimensions that were hypothesized to play an important role in promoting safe work practices in nurses, an occupational group clearly at risk for accidental exposure to blood-borne pathogens. The safety climate dimensions investigated were: management commitment to safety, job hindrances, and feedback/training. In this study, nurses were categorized according to their (a) safety-related work practices (low vs. high compliance with UP), and (b) recent accidents/injuries possibly involving exposure to blood-borne pathogens (non-exposed vs. exposed). These groups were then compared according to their perceptions of the hospital's three dimensions of safety climate. A major issue addressed in this study was whether compliance with UP would be associated with the same safety climate dimensions as accidents/injuries. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Grosch, J W AU - Gershon, RRM AU - Murphy, L R AU - DeJoy, D M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jkg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 122 EP - 124 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - nursing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Pathogens KW - Occupational exposure KW - Medical personnel KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Safety+Climate+Dimensions+Associated+with+Occupational+Exposure+to+Blood-Borne+Pathogens+in+Nurses&rft.au=Grosch%2C+J+W%3BGershon%2C+RRM%3BMurphy%2C+L+R%3BDeJoy%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Grosch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Occupational exposure; Blood; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Injuries and Illnesses Among Construction Workers AN - 17478256; 4678911 AB - More than 6 million workers (about 6 percent of the total U.S. labor force) are currently employed in the construction industry. Compared with other industries, construction workers experience one of the highest occupational fatality and injury and illness rates resulting in lost work days. Of all work-related deaths in 1996, 16.9% (or 1,039) occurred among construction workers; falls were the leading cause (31%). By trade, ironworkers and roofers accounted for more than 75% of deaths due to falls in the industry. Nonfatal injuries also occur frequently among construction workers. In 1995, construction workers experienced more than 182,000 illnesses and injuries causing loss of work days. Having contact with or being struck by an object and musculoskeletal disorders account for more than 50% of all traumatic injuries; backs, hands/fingers, and eyes are the body parts most affected. In partnership with researchers throughout the United States, NIOSH is developing and evaluating methods to reduce work-related injuries and illnesses among construction workers. One approach is to develop and disseminate educational programs, training materials, and methods that address the needs of construction workers and the industry as a whole. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Becker, P AU - Bryant, C J AU - Palassis, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C32, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mhs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 96 EP - 97 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Education KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Reducing+Injuries+and+Illnesses+Among+Construction+Workers&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+M+H%3BBecker%2C+P%3BBryant%2C+C+J%3BPalassis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Construction industry; Education; Occupational safety; Injuries; Accidents; Risk assessment; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks of Fatal Injuries to Farm Workers 55-Years of Age and Older AN - 17477907; 4678903 AB - Agricultural production has long been identified as one of the most hazardous industries in the United States [National Safety Council, 1972; Myers and Hard, 1995], as well as in Canada, Australia, and parts of Europe [Meng, 1991; Stout et al., 1990; National Safety Council, 1995]. Previous studies have identified older workers (generally above the age of 54-years) to be the segment of the agricultural workforce which is at the highest risk for occupational fatalities in the United States [ Purschwitz and Field, 1986; Myers and Hard, 1995; Kisner and Pratt, 1997]. To understand better the characteristics of these fatalities to older agricultural workers, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed data from two national occupational fatality surveillance systems: the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) surveillance system. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Myers, J R AU - Hard, D L AU - Snyder, KA AU - Casini, V J AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AU - Morton, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Rearch, Mail Stop 180-P, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 29 EP - 30 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - farming KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17477907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Risks+of+Fatal+Injuries+to+Farm+Workers+55-Years+of+Age+and+Older&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J%3BMorton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Agriculture; Age; Injuries; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of coal properties and dust-control parameters on longwall respirable-dust levels AN - 17459257; 4662822 AB - Longwall mining operations continue to increase extraction rates and the potential to generate higher amounts of airborne respirable dust (ARD). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has gathered data from underground longwall surveys and laboratory crushing tests to identify the important factors influencing the amount of ARD levels generated. Coal-seam characteristics, operational parameters (i.e., cut sequence, mining height, etc.), extraction rates and dust-control parameters (i.e., airflow, water flow, etc.) were examined to determine their influence on ARD levels measured at longwalls during actual mining operations. ARD generated by a laboratory crusher while crushing bituminous coal samples collected from underground longwalls was also examined to determine if there were correlations with coal-seam properties. Results from the longwall and laboratory data collected indicated that low-ash, high-volatile coals (low moist fuel ratio or MFR coals) generate higher amounts of ARD. It was found that face ventilation and water application to the coal product are essential elements to controlling longwall ARD levels. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Organiscak, JA AU - Colinet, J F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 41 EP - 48 VL - 51 IS - 9 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17459257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Influence+of+coal+properties+and+dust-control+parameters+on+longwall+respirable-dust+levels&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+JA%3BColinet%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mining; Coal; Dust; Inhalation; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to genotoxic agents AN - 17411877; 4626631 AB - Millions of workers in the United States are potentially exposed each year to hazardous chemicals, dusts, or fibers in occupational settings. Some of these agents are genotoxic and may cause genetic alterations in the somatic or germ cells of exposed workers. Such alterations, if they occur in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, which are involved in controlling cell growth or differentiation, may lead to the development of cancer. Genetic alterations in germ cells may also lead to reproductive failure or genetic disorders in subsequent generations. It has been estimated that occupational exposure accounts for 4% of all human cancers and up to 30% of cancer among blue-collar workers. Approximately 20,000 cancer deaths each year are attributable to occupational exposure in the United States. Occupational cancer and reproductive abnormalities have been listed on the National Occupational Research Agenda master list of research priorities as major occupational diseases and injuries. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Keshava, N AU - Ong, T M AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road Morgantown, WV USA Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 175 EP - 194 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 437 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - man KW - cancer KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - Genotoxicity KW - Cancer KW - Differentiation KW - Reviews KW - Cell proliferation KW - Proto-oncogenes KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+genotoxic+agents&rft.au=Keshava%2C+N%3BOng%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5742%2899%2900083-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Cancer; Genotoxicity; Reviews; Proto-oncogenes; Tumor suppressor genes; Cell proliferation; Differentiation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(99)00083-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perkinsus marinus extracellular protease modulates survival of Vibrio vulnificus in eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes AN - 17398676; 4629537 AB - The in vitro effects of the Perkinsus marinus serine protease on the intracellular survival of Vibrio vulnificus in oyster hemocytes were examined by using a time-course gentamicin internalization assay. Results showed that protease-treated hemocytes were initially slower to internalize V. vulnificus than untreated hemocytes. After 1 h, the elimination of V. vulnificus by treated hemocytes was significantly suppressed compared with hemocytes infected with invasive and noninvasive controls. Our data suggest that the serine protease produced by P. marinus suppresses the vibriocidal activity of oyster hemocytes to effectively eliminate V. vulnificus, potentially leading to conditions favoring higher numbers of vibrios in oyster tissues. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tall, B D AU - La Peyre, JF AU - Bier, J W AU - Miliotis, MD AU - Hanes, DE AU - Kothary, M H AU - Shan, D B AU - Faisal, M AD - Division of Microbiological Studies (HFS-517), Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St. S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA, BTall@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4261 EP - 4263 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Serine proteinase KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gentamicin KW - Vibriosis KW - Marine KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Perkinsus marinus KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Hemocytes KW - Survival KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Q4 27410:Enzymes KW - J 02862:Infection KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17398676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Perkinsus+marinus+extracellular+protease+modulates+survival+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+eastern+Oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+hemocytes&rft.au=Tall%2C+B+D%3BLa+Peyre%2C+JF%3BBier%2C+J+W%3BMiliotis%2C+MD%3BHanes%2C+DE%3BKothary%2C+M+H%3BShan%2C+D+B%3BFaisal%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibriosis; Pathogenic bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Survival; Enzymatic activity; Gentamicin; Hemocytes; Vibrio vulnificus; Perkinsus marinus; Crassostrea virginica; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Bordetella pertussis AN - 17377881; 4597019 AB - We determined the genomic organization of 14 clinical strains of Bordetella pertussis isolated over an 18-month period in Alberta, Canada. The maps of these 14 strains, while demonstrating general similarity of gene order, display a number of examples of genomic rearrangements in the form of large chromosomal inversions. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AU - Yang, M AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, stibitz@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 5512 EP - 5515 VL - 181 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Canada, Alberta KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Genetic mapping KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17377881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Genomic+Plasticity+in+Natural+Populations+of+Bordetella+pertussis&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S%3BYang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Genetic mapping; Genomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial spores survive treatment with commercial sterilants and disinfectants AN - 17348757; 4629279 AB - This study compared the activity of commercial liquid sterilants and disinfectants on Bacillus subtilis spores deposited on three types of devices made of noncorrodible, corrodible, or polymeric material. Products like Renalin, Exspor, Wavicide-01, Cidexplus, and cupric ascorbate were tested under conditions specified for liquid sterilization. These products, at the shorter times indicated for disinfection, and popular disinfectants, like Clorox, Cavicide, and Lysol were also studied. Data obtained with a sensitive and quantitative test suggest that commercial liquid sterilants and disinfectants are less effective on contaminated surfaces than generally acknowledged. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sagripanti, J-L AU - Bonifacino, A AD - Molecular Biology Branch (HFZ-113), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD, 20857, USA, JUS@CDRH.FDA.COV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4255 EP - 4260 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disinfectants KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Chemosterilants KW - Spores KW - Sterilization KW - A 01110:Environmental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17348757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+spores+survive+treatment+with+commercial+sterilants+and+disinfectants&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+J-L%3BBonifacino%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=J-L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus subtilis; Sterilization; Chemosterilants; Disinfectants; Spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines expressing tuberculosis proteins fused to tissue plasminogen activator signal sequences AN - 17328248; 4601619 AB - Novel tuberculosis DNA vaccines encoding native ESAT-6, MPT-64, KatG, or HBHA mycobacterial proteins or the same proteins fused to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) signal sequences were evaluated for their capacity to elicit humoral, cell-mediated, and protective immune responses in vaccinated mice. While all eight plasmids induced specific humoral responses, the constructs expressing the TPA fusions generally evoked higher antibody responses in vaccinated hosts. Although most of the DNA vaccines tested induced a substantial gamma interferon response in the spleen, the antigen-specific lung responses were 2- to 10-fold lower than the splenic responses at the time of challenge. DNA vaccines encoding the ESAT-6, MPT-64, and KatG antigens fused to TPA signal sequences evoked significant protective responses in mice aerogenically challenged with low doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman 17 to 21 days after the final immunization. However, the protective response induced by live Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine was greater than the response induced by any of the DNA vaccines tested. These results suggest that the tuberculosis DNA vaccines were able to elicit substantial immune responses in suitably vaccinated mice, but further refinements to the constructs or the use of alternative immunization strategies will be needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccine candidates. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Li, Z AU - Howard, A AU - Kelley, C AU - Delogu, G AU - Collins, F AU - Morris, S AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, OVRR/CBER/FDA, HFM-431, Building 29, Room 502, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4780 EP - 4786 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - DNA vaccines KW - HBHA protein KW - KatG protein KW - MPT-64 protein KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - immunology KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Signal peptides KW - Tuberculosis KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - t-Plasminogen activator KW - Lung KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17328248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immunogenicity+of+DNA+vaccines+expressing+tuberculosis+proteins+fused+to+tissue+plasminogen+activator+signal+sequences&rft.au=Li%2C+Z%3BHoward%2C+A%3BKelley%2C+C%3BDelogu%2C+G%3BCollins%2C+F%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4780&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Immune response; t-Plasminogen activator; Immune response (humoral); Signal peptides; Tuberculosis; DNA vaccines; Vaccines; Lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Down-regulation of Th2 responses by Brucella abortus, a strong Th1 stimulus, correlates with alterations in the B7.2-CD28 pathway AN - 17327463; 4601524 AB - Down-regulation of the Th2-like response induced by ovalbumin-alum (OVA/alum) immunization by heat-killed Brucella abortus was not reversed by anti-IL-12 antibody treatment or in gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ) knockout mice, suggesting that induction of Th1 cytokines was not the only mechanism involved in the B. abortus-mediated inhibition of the Th2 response to OVA/alum. The focus of this study was to determine whether an alternative pathway involves alteration in expression of costimulatory molecules. First we show that the Th2-like response to OVA/alum is dependent on B7.2 interaction with ligand since it can be abrogated by anti-B7.2 treatment. Expression of costimulatory molecules was then studied in mice immunized with OVA/alum in the absence or presence of B. abortus. B7.2, but not B7.1, was up-regulated on mouse non-T and T cells following immunization with B. abortus. Surprisingly, B. abortus induced down-regulation of CD28 and upregulation of B7.2 on murine CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T cells. These effects on T cells were maximal for CD28 and B7.2 at 40 to 48 h and were not dependent on interleukin-12 (IL-12) or IFN- gamma . On the basis of these results, we propose that the IL-12/IFN- gamma -independent inhibition of Th2 responses to OVA/alum is secondary to the effects of B. abortus on expression of costimulatory molecules on T cells. We suggest that down-regulation of CD28 following activation inhibits subsequent differentiation of Th0 into Th2 cells. In addition, decreased expression of CD28 and increased expression of B7.2 on T cells would favor B7.2 interaction with CTLA-4 on T cells, and this could provide a negative signal to developing Th2 cells. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Agranovich, I AU - Scott, DE AU - Terle, D AU - Lee, K AU - Golding, B AD - Bldg. 29, 1401 Woodmont, Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, GOLDING@CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4418 EP - 4426 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Brucella abortus KW - CD28 antigen KW - Ovalbumin-alum KW - double prime B7-2 antigen KW - gamma -Interferon KW - immunology KW - knockout mice KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Helper cells KW - Immunization KW - Down-regulation KW - Interferon KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Immune response KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17327463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Down-regulation+of+Th2+responses+by+Brucella+abortus%2C+a+strong+Th1+stimulus%2C+correlates+with+alterations+in+the+B7.2-CD28+pathway&rft.au=Agranovich%2C+I%3BScott%2C+DE%3BTerle%2C+D%3BLee%2C+K%3BGolding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Agranovich&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Immune response; Immunization; Interferon; Down-regulation; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup for Pesticide Residues in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables AN - 1439227158; 18619149 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schenck, F J AU - Howard-King, V AD - Baltimore District Laboratory, United States Food and Drug Administration, 900 Madison Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA , US Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 277 EP - 281 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - X:24330 KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & ENAironmental Safety KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439227158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Solid+Phase+Extraction+Cleanup+for+Pesticide+Residues+in+Fresh+Fruits+and+Vegetables&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BHoward-King%2C+V&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900977 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetables; Fruits DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900977 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JULY 1995). AN - 36414471; 7569 AB - PURPOSE: The revision of planning provisions for the northwest sector of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus, located in Bethesda in central Maryland, is proposed. This final supplement to the final EIS of July 1995 addresses the establishment of a master plan to guide and coordinate physical development of buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years. The master plan would be developed in response to projected NIH administrative, research and infrastructure support needs, and not commit NIH to any of the projects proposed. The implementation of any project in the master plan is dependent on Congressional funding. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS. The implementation of the master plan, as described in the final EIS, would provide guidance for up to 14 new laboratory buildings for intramural research; a complete upgrading and modernization of power plants and other support utilities and infrastructure; the replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; the consolidation of surface parking into multiple level and underground parking structures; the construction of a Loop Road, with emphasis placed on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use in the central core area of the campus; a physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level, and protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures; the construction of a 250- bed clinical center inpatient hospital; the construction of stormwater management facilities that will meet state standards; the construction of expanded child daycare facilities for employees, small scale retail service, and other employee amenities; and the establishment of a natural zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer adjoining residential neighborhoods from NIH facilities and activities. This supplement addresses revisions to the plan required due to the construction of the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center and the need to re-route Center Drive, which would displace sites for several structures proposed in the 1995 master plan. Twelve alternative sites were studied for their compliance with master plan criteria, these alternatives being narrowed to five sites in the northwest quadrant for the five facilities under consideration. The five facilities to be affected would include a day care center, a Potomac Electric Power Company substation, a fire station and potential public safety annex, a guest house, and a parking structure. With the exception of the substation, the construction of these facilities was addressed in the 1995 final EIS; however, the siting of each facility, discussed in this supplement, has changed. The impacts would be largely the same as those described in the final EIS. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The master plan activities would meet current and projected NIH laboratory and clinical center needs, increase the capability to install advanced equipment for patient care, and increase administrative efficiency. Employment would expand to 18,000 jobs by the year 2015, representing an increase of 1,675 jobs over that projected under the No Action Alternative. Occupiable building space would increase from 7.0 million gross square feet (mgsf) to 7.4 mgsf by 2000 and to 10.0 mgsf by 2015. The land use and socioeconomic impacts would be consistent with local central business district development plans, and traffic congestion impacts would not depart significantly from those under the No Action Alternative. The substation would provide more flexibility and redundancy in supplying electrical energy to the campus. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, as described in the final EIS, peak electric power demand would increase from 66,000 kilowatts (kW) to 108,000 kW, and peak water demand would increase from 6,000 to 9,350 gallons per minute; significant increases in would also occur for sanitary sewer flows, and in demand for steam, chilled water, and natural gas. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft supplement, see 99-0409D, Volume 23, Number 4. For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 93-0454D, Volume 17, Number 6, and 95-0387F, Volume 19, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 990318, 46 pages, August 31, 1999 PY - 1999 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Drainage KW - Electric Power KW - Employment KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Hospitals KW - Housing KW - Land Use KW - Natural Gas KW - Power Plants KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Sewers KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Supply KW - Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36414471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIROMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIROMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Facilities Planning and Programming Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 31, 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of the effect of chrysotile fiber surface composition on genotoxicity in vitro. AN - 70830494; 10515572 AB - Chrysotile fibers (NIEHS intermediate length) were treated with ultrapure HCl to alter the fiber surface chemistry without substantially changing fiber morphology or dimensions. The objective of the study was to determine whether fiber surface chemistry is an important variable in fiber genotoxicity in vitro. The modified fibers, along with native chrysotile fibers, were used to challenge Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) in vitro using the micronucleus induction genotoxicity assay. Fiber dimensions were assessed using scanning electron microscopy by measuring the distribution of fiber lengths in 3 length ranges: less than 3 microm, 3-10 microm, and greater than 10 microm. For both treated and native fiber samples, 500 fibers were examined. Results indicate that acid-treated fibers were about 20% shorter than untreated chrysotile. Surface chemistry alterations were verified by zeta-potential reversal, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental analysis. Scanning Auger spectrometry indicated the presence of Mg, O, and Si in both treated and native chrysotile samples, which confirmed the surface purity of both fiber samples. Both XPS and SEM-EDS analysis demonstrated substantial depletion of Mg from fiber surfaces. Results of the micronucleus assay showed a positive concentration-related response for both samples, with toxicity evident only at the highest concentration. No significant difference was found for the treated and untreated chrysotile samples. These results indicate that the surface chemistry is not an important variable in the in vitro genotoxicity of chrysotile asbestos in V79 cells as detected by the micronucleus assay under the conditions used in this study, and support a model of chemically nonspecific chromosomal and spindle damage effects. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Keane, M J AU - Stephens, J W AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Miller, W E AU - Ong, T M AU - Wallace, W E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 27 SP - 529 EP - 541 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Electron Probe Microanalysis KW - Animals KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Cricetulus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Fibroblasts -- pathology KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Magnesium -- analysis KW - Silicon -- analysis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Cricetinae KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- chemistry KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70830494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+effect+of+chrysotile+fiber+surface+composition+on+genotoxicity+in+vitro.&rft.au=Keane%2C+M+J%3BStephens%2C+J+W%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BMiller%2C+W+E%3BOng%2C+T+M%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the transgenic p53+/- mouse for detecting genotoxic liver carcinogens in a short-term bioassay. AN - 69996580; 10465341 AB - The transgenic p53-deficient heterozygous (p53+/-) mouse is prone to both spontaneous and induced tumors and has been proposed for use in a sensitive, short-term (6 months) assay for identifying genotoxic, multispecies carcinogens. It is not clear, however, if a short-term assay with p53+/- mice detects agents that target certain organs, in particular, the liver. In this study, we treated neonatal male p53+/- and p53+/+ mice with the genotoxic carcinogens dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC). In keeping with the methodology of the proposed short-term assay, the p53+/- mice were evaluated for tumors 7 months after treatment. Wild-type neonatal mice treated with genotoxic carcinogens are known to develop tumors within 1 year; hence, the p53+/+ animals used as controls were subjected to pathological examination at 1 year of age. Our results showed that PhIP was not tumorigenic in either group of mice. Liver tumor incidence increased significantly in the p53+/+ mice treated with DMN and 6-NC, indicating that the conditions of the bioassay were conducive to the promotion of liver tumorigenesis. On the other hand, these two chemicals failed to induce a significant increase in liver tumors in the p53+/- mice by seven months. This result suggests that a deficiency in the amount of p53 protein does not lead to accelerated liver tumorigenesis in mice, and contrasts with previous reports that show a decreased latency of tumors in non-liver targets. JF - Cancer letters AU - Dass, S B AU - Bucci, T J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/23/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 23 SP - 81 EP - 85 VL - 143 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - Imidazoles KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Male KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Adenoma -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+transgenic+p53%2B%2F-+mouse+for+detecting+genotoxic+liver+carcinogens+in+a+short-term+bioassay.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+B%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-23&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a mouse cell line containing the Phi X174 am3 allele as a target for detecting mutation AN - 17402971; 4626561 AB - Transgenic mice containing multiple copies of the Phi X174 am3 allele are being developed as a model for detecting tissue-specific in vivo mutation. In order to derive an analogous system for measuring am3 mutation in vitro, cells were cultured from 15-day-old C57Bl/6J mouse embryos that were homozygous for the transgene and these cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing the SV40 large T-antigen. Two G418-resistant colonies were isolated from this culture and expanded to continuously proliferating cell lines (PX-1 and PX-2). Line PX-2 was treated with up to 1.0 mg/ml of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), assayed for survival by cloning efficiency after overnight culture, and assayed for am3 mutations after 5 days of culture. Survival decreased to 31% at the highest dose of ENU, while mutant frequency increased with dose from approximately 2 x 10 super(-7) in the untreated cells to 13 x 10 super(-7) in cultures treated with 0.6 mg/ml of ENU. PX-2 cells also were treated with 0 and 0.6 mg/ml of ENU and mutant frequency assays were performed after 5, 24, 48 and 72 h of growth. The mutant frequency in the treated culture increased to 20 x 10 super(-7) at 48 h and remained approximately the same at 72 h. These results indicate that PX-2 cells should be a useful resource for developing the in vivo am3 mutant assay and for evaluating the sensitivity of the am3 allele to various classes of mutagens. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Chen, J B AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson, AR USA Y1 - 1999/08/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 18 SP - 347 EP - 353 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 444 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - cell lines KW - transgenic mice KW - PX-2 cells KW - N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Transgenic mice KW - Mutagenicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+mouse+cell+line+containing+the+Phi+X174+am3+allele+as+a+target+for+detecting+mutation&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+B%3BDobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-18&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2899%2900099-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mutagenicity testing; N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea; Transgenic mice DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00099-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real time biosensor analysis of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A in food AN - 17382824; 4605816 AB - Currently there is no 'real-time' detection system to identify food borne toxins. In order to develop such a system, we have used a evanescent wave biosensor for real time detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in foods. The approach used here is sandwich biosensor, a method utilizing two antibodies. The toxin binds initially to a capturing antibody which is bound covalently on the surface of the biosensor detector. The second antibody binds to the captured toxin. We were able to measure SEA in foods with little or no background interference, demonstrating that biosensor-based measurement of SEA was possible not only with purified SEA but also in complex food matrices such as hot dogs, potato salad, milk and mushrooms. Autoclaved samples of SEA did not evoke a positive response. With both purified SEA and SEA-spiked foods, the assay sensitivity is 10-100 ng/g depending on the material tested and the assay is rapid (<4 min) when a single antibody is used. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Rasooly, L AU - Rasooly, A AD - US Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiological Studies, 200 C St. SW, HFS 515, Washington, DC 20204, USA, axr@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 15 SP - 119 EP - 127 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Staphylococcus KW - detection KW - staphylococcal enterotoxin A KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Assays KW - Food contamination KW - Toxins KW - Biosensors KW - Detection KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Real+time+biosensor+analysis+of+Staphylococcal+enterotoxin+A+in+food&rft.au=Rasooly%2C+L%3BRasooly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rasooly&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2899%2900053-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food contamination; Biosensors; Toxins; Assays; Detection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00053-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization study for the reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. AN - 70017929; 10481983 AB - The availability of published methods for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products based on state-of-the-art chromatographic methods is limited. Nicotine is a diprotic base with pKa's of 3.12 (pyridine ring) and 8.02 (pyrrolidine ring). Other monoprotic and diprotic bases are also present in commercial tobacco including anatabine, nornicotine, anabasine, and cotinine. In this paper, the chromatography of nicotine and the minor tobacco alkaloids under reversed-phase ion-pairing conditions is thoroughly studied. The results of this study are used to understand the retention mechanisms of the tobacco alkaloids, to examine their observed elution order with respect to fundamental analyte properties (size, functionality, and acid-base strength), and to select optimum chromatographic conditions for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Ciolino, L A AU - Turner, J A AU - McCauley, H A AU - Smallwood, A W AU - Yi, T Y AD - Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. lciolino@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 451 EP - 463 VL - 852 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Ions KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70017929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Optimization+study+for+the+reversed-phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+nicotine+in+commercial+tobacco+products.&rft.au=Ciolino%2C+L+A%3BTurner%2C+J+A%3BMcCauley%2C+H+A%3BSmallwood%2C+A+W%3BYi%2C+T+Y&rft.aulast=Ciolino&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=852&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Black-gold: a simple, high-resolution histochemical label for normal and pathological myelin in brain tissue sections. AN - 69942434; 10434014 AB - A novel haloaurophosphate complex called Black-Gold has been synthesized and applied to localize myelin within the central nervous system. The technique is tailored to studies using formalin fixed non-solvent processed tissue. The technique stains large myelinated tracts dark red-brown, while the individual myelinated axons appear black. This study demonstrates how this novel tracer can be used to localize both normal and pathological myelin. Specific myelin changes associated with exposure to diverse neurotoxicants including kainic acid, domoic acid, 3-nitropropionic acid, Fluoro-Gold and isoniazid are demonstrated and characterized. This study also demonstrates how Black-Gold can be combined with other histochemical markers including Nissl stains, retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers and fluorescent markers of neuronal degeneration. Advantages associated with the Black-Gold technique include high resolution, high contrast, short histochemical processing time, and consistent reproducibility. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. lschmued@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 07 SP - 289 EP - 297 VL - 837 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Black-Gold KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Phosphates KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Isoniazid -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Histocytochemistry -- methods KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cerebral Cortex -- pathology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- pathology KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Axonal Transport KW - Myelin Sheath -- ultrastructure KW - Myelin Sheath -- pathology KW - Brain -- cytology KW - Brain -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69942434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Black-gold%3A+a+simple%2C+high-resolution+histochemical+label+for+normal+and+pathological+myelin+in+brain+tissue+sections.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-07&rft.volume=837&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine generates peroxynitrite and produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice: protective effects of peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. AN - 69939961; 10433983 AB - Methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is believed to be produced by oxidative stress and free radical generation. The present study was undertaken to investigate if METH generates peroxynitrite and produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity. We also investigated if this generation of peroxynitrite can be blocked by a selective peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, 5, 10,15, 20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4'-pyridyl)porphyrinato iron III (FeTMPyP) and protect against METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Administration of METH resulted in the significant formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), an in vivo marker of peroxynitrite generation, in the striatum and also caused a significant increase in the body temperature. METH injection also caused a significant decrease in the concentration of dopamine (DA), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) by 76%, 53% and 40%, respectively, in the striatum compared with the control group. Treatment with FeTMPyP blocked the formation of 3-NT by 66% when compared with the METH group. FeTMPyP treatment also provided significant protection against the METH-induced hyperthermia and depletion of DA, DOPAC and HVA. Administration of FeTMPyP alone neither resulted in 3-NT formation nor had any significant effect on DA or its metabolite concentrations. These findings indicate that peroxynitrite plays a role in METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and also suggests that peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts may be beneficial for the management of psychostimulant abuse. Copyright 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Imam, S Z AU - Crow, J P AU - Newport, G D AU - Islam, F AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 07 SP - 15 EP - 21 VL - 837 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitrates KW - Oxidants KW - Porphyrins KW - meso-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridiniumyl)porphyrin KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - peroxynitric acid KW - 26404-66-0 KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiology KW - Nitrates -- toxicity KW - Methamphetamine -- chemistry KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Porphyrins -- pharmacology KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69939961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine+generates+peroxynitrite+and+produces+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+in+mice%3A+protective+effects+of+peroxynitrite+decomposition+catalyst.&rft.au=Imam%2C+S+Z%3BCrow%2C+J+P%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BIslam%2C+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-07&rft.volume=837&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative measure of genetic differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in two strains of mice. AN - 85307439; pmid-10452371 AB - The CBA/CaJ (CB) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred strains of mice were exposed for 1 h to noise intensities between 98 and 119 dB SPL. Previous studies indicated that the B6 mice exhibited permanent threshold shifts (PTS) after 1h exposure to 110 dB, whereas the CB mice did not exhibit any PTS. These differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) appear to be due to a gene for age-related hearing loss (AHL). The current study was designed to determine dose-response curves for NIHL over the ranges of intensities of noise that would characterize the B6 and CB inbred strains of mice. Because of the considerable differences in sensitivity to NIHL, the noise exposures for the two strains overlapped only at 110 and 113 dB. Nevertheless, the two strains exhibited two different dose-response curves, offset and with different slopes. We postulate that the B6 strain of mice exhibits a more linear increase for PTS from 98-113 dB, consistent with incremental effects on some metabolic physiological mechanism(s); the abrupt transition in NIHL between 113 and 116 dB for the CB mice is consistent with an ototraumatic structural injury. JF - Hearing research AU - Davis, R R AU - Cheever, M L AU - Krieg, E F AU - Erway, L C AD - Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, Physical Agents Effects Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 134 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Auditory Threshold -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Models, Biological KW - Species Specificity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred CBA -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85307439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Quantitative+measure+of+genetic+differences+in+susceptibility+to+noise-induced+hearing+loss+in+two+strains+of+mice.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BCheever%2C+M+L%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BErway%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainties in estimates of lesion detectability in diagnostic ultrasound. AN - 85306230; pmid-10462819 AB - Statistical properties of estimates of focal lesion detectability for medical ultrasonic imaging systems are investigated. Analytic forms for bias and variance of estimates of detectability of a lesion consisting of fully developed speckle embedded within a speckle background are derived. Bias and variance of estimates of detectability are investigated using a computer simulation and experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms. This work offers a systematic methodology for interpreting measurements on phantoms in order to assess lesion detectability. In addition, it provides useful results which may be used to improve design of phantoms and experiments for imaging-system performance assessment. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AU - Gagne, R M AU - Wagner, R F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1161 EP - 1173 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Humans KW - Diagnostic Equipment KW - Computer Simulation KW - Ultrasonography -- methods KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85306230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Uncertainties+in+estimates+of+lesion+detectability+in+diagnostic+ultrasound.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A%3BGagne%2C+R+M%3BWagner%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suicide prodrugs activated by thymidylate synthase: rationale for treatment and noninvasive imaging of tumors with deoxyuridine analogues. AN - 70008407; 10473074 AB - Most tumors are resistant to therapy by thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors due to their high levels of TS. Instead of inhibiting TS, we hypothesized that it was possible to use this enzyme to activate suicide prodrugs (deoxyuridine analogues) to more toxic species (thymidine analogues). Tumors with high levels of TS could be particularly sensitive to deoxyuridine analogues because they would be more efficient in producing the toxic methylated species. Furthermore, the accumulation of methylated species within tumors could be visualized externally if a tracer dose of the deoxyuridine analogue was tagged with an isotope, preferably a positron emitter, such as 18F. Higher accumulation of isotope indicates higher activity of TS and lower sensitivity of the tumor to TS inhibitors, but perhaps more sensitivity to therapy with deoxyuridine analogues as suicide prodrugs. 2'-F-ara-deoxyuridine (FAU) was used as a prototype to demonstrate these concepts experimentally. FAU readily entered cells and was phosphorylated, methylated, and subsequently incorporated into cellular DNA. Among different cell lines, FAU produced varying degrees of growth inhibition. Greater DNA incorporation (e.g., for CEM and U-937 cells) was reflected as increased toxicity. FAU produced less DNA incorporation in Raji or L1210 cells, and growth rate was minimally decreased. As the first demonstration that cells with high levels of TS activity can be more vulnerable to therapy than cells with low TS activity, this preliminary work suggests a new therapeutic approach for common human tumors that were previously resistant. Furthermore, it appears that the TS activity of tumors could be noninvasively imaged in situ by tracer doses of [18F]FAU and that this phenotypic information could guide patient therapy. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Collins, J M AU - Klecker, R W AU - Katki, A G AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. collinsj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1976 EP - 1981 VL - 5 IS - 8 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Fluorine Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Prodrugs KW - Floxuridine KW - 039LU44I5M KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil KW - 3083-77-0 KW - 2'fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine KW - 784-71-4 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Thymidylate Synthase KW - EC 2.1.1.45 KW - Clevudine KW - IN51MVP5F1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Phosphorylation KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Prodrugs -- pharmacokinetics KW - Floxuridine -- metabolism KW - Thymidylate Synthase -- metabolism KW - Prodrugs -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70008407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Suicide+prodrugs+activated+by+thymidylate+synthase%3A+rationale+for+treatment+and+noninvasive+imaging+of+tumors+with+deoxyuridine+analogues.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+M%3BKlecker%2C+R+W%3BKatki%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of microbiological contamination in a museum. AN - 69995445; 10462843 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Krake, A M AU - Worthington, K A AU - Wallingford, K M AU - Martinez, K F AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 499 EP - 509 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria KW - Humans KW - Fungi KW - Museums KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- microbiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69995445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+microbiological+contamination+in+a+museum.&rft.au=Krake%2C+A+M%3BWorthington%2C+K+A%3BWallingford%2C+K+M%3BMartinez%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factory performance evaluations of engineering controls for asphalt paving equipment. AN - 69993220; 10462852 AB - This article describes a unique analytical tool to assist the development and implementation of engineering controls for the asphalt paving industry. Through an agreement with the U.S. Department of Transportation, the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) assist U.S. manufacturers of asphalt paving equipment with the development and evaluation of engineering controls. The intended function of the controls was to capture and remove asphalt emissions generated during the paving process. NIOSH engineers developed a protocol to evaluate prototype engineering controls using qualitative smoke and quantitative tracer gas methods. Video recordings documented each prototype's ability to capture theatrical smoke under "managed" indoor conditions. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), released as a tracer gas, enabled quantification of the capture efficiency and exhaust flow rate for each prototype. During indoor evaluations, individual prototypes' capture efficiencies averaged from 7 percent to 100 percent. Outdoor evaluations resulted in average capture efficiencies ranging from 81 percent down to 1 percent as wind gusts disrupted the ability of the controls to capture the SF6. The tracer gas testing protocol successfully revealed deficiencies in prototype designs which otherwise may have gone undetected. It also showed that the combination of a good enclosure and higher exhaust ventilation rate provided the highest capture efficiency. Some manufacturers used the stationary evaluation results to compare performances among multiple hood designs. All the manufacturers identified areas where their prototype designs were susceptible to cross-draft interferences. These stationary performance evaluations proved to be a valuable method to identify strengths and weaknesses in individual designs and subsequently optimize those designs prior to expensive analytical field studies. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Mead, K R AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Brumagin, T E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 565 EP - 573 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Health KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69993220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Factory+performance+evaluations+of+engineering+controls+for+asphalt+paving+equipment.&rft.au=Mead%2C+K+R%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BBrumagin%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contact sensitivity to selected acrylate compounds in B6C3F1 mice: relative potency, cross reactivity, and comparison of test methods. AN - 69956450; 10445160 AB - Given the increasing prevalence of occupational sensitization to acrylate compounds, n-butyl acrylate (BAC), ethyl acrylate (EAC), and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMT) were recommended by the National Toxicology Program for hypersensitivity testing in female B6C3F1 mice. The objectives of these studies were to determine the irritating and sensitizing potential of these three compounds using an irritation assay, the murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA), and the Mouse Ear Swelling Test (MEST). The minimal irritating concentration for TMT was determined to be 1.0%, whereas BAC and EAC demonstrated no irritation up to 30%, the highest concentration tested. TMT tested positive in the LLNA at concentrations as low as 0.1% whereas an induction concentration of 0.3% was required to elicit a positive response in the MEST. Furthermore, BAC tested negative in the MEST at induction concentrations as high as 30%, but yielded positive results in the LLNA at concentrations as low as 20%. EAC, at all concentrations tested, was negative in both the MEST and the LLNA. Cross reactivity was only seen when mice were sensitized with TMT and challenged with BAC. In these studies, the LLNA was a more sensitive indicator of the allergic potential of these three acrylates when compared to the MEST. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Hayes, B B AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 491 EP - 506 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Mice KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Cross Reactions KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- etiology KW - Acrylates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69956450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Contact+sensitivity+to+selected+acrylate+compounds+in+B6C3F1+mice%3A+relative+potency%2C+cross+reactivity%2C+and+comparison+of+test+methods.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+B+B%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential significance of airborne fiber dimensions measured in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber manufacturing industry. AN - 69880538; 10398937 AB - To determine dimensions of airborne fibers in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) manufacturing industry, fibers collected through personal air sampling for employees at RCF manufacturing and processing operations have been measured. Data were derived from transmission electron microscopy analyses of 118 air samples collected over a 20-year period. Characteristics of sized fibers include: diameter measurements of 20 micron, with 68% of fibers between 2.4 and 20 micron. Exposures in RCF manufacturing include airborne fibers with dimensions (diameter < 0.1-0.4 micron, length < 10 micron) historically associated with biological effects in pleural tissues. Air sampling data and a review of studies relating fiber size to pleural effects in animals and humans support the belief that information on fiber dimensions is essential for studies with synthetic vitreous fibers. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Lentz, T J AU - Rice, C H AU - Lockey, J E AU - Succop, P A AU - Lemasters, G K AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (MA C-32), Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. tbl7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 286 EP - 298 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Phase-Contrast KW - Pleural Diseases -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Pleura -- pathology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Mineral Fibers -- adverse effects KW - Ceramics -- chemical synthesis KW - Mineral Fibers -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Mineral Fibers -- classification KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- classification KW - Ceramics -- classification KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Ceramics -- adverse effects KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69880538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Potential+significance+of+airborne+fiber+dimensions+measured+in+the+U.S.+refractory+ceramic+fiber+manufacturing+industry.&rft.au=Lentz%2C+T+J%3BRice%2C+C+H%3BLockey%2C+J+E%3BSuccop%2C+P+A%3BLemasters%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research (Arlington, Virginia, October 29-30, 1998). AN - 62314911; ED443892 AB - In 1998, one decade after the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act was implemented and research results on the impacts of funding were becoming available, an evaluation of the effectiveness of fifteen programs, which included services such as emergency shelter, primary health care, and education, was needed This report presents 13 papers from a conference on homelessness research: (1) "Demographics and Geography: Estimating Needs" (Martha R. Burt); (2) "Special Populations of Homeless Americans" (Robert Rosensheck, Ellen Bassuk, and Amy Salomon); (3) "Homeless Youth: Research, Intervention, and Policy" (Marjorie J. Robertson and Paul A. Toro); (4) "Making Homeless Programs Accountable to Consumers, Funders, and the Public" (Dennis Culhane, David Eldridge, Robert Rosenheck, and Carol Wilkins); (5) "Giving Voice to Homeless People in Policy, Practice and Research" (Nicole Glasser); (6) "To Dance with Grace: Outreach and Engagement to Persons on the Street" (Sally Erickson and Jaimie Page); (7) "A Review of Case Management for People Who are Homeless: Implications for Practice, Policy, and Research" (Gary Morse); (8) "Balancing Act: Clinical Practices that Respond to the Needs of Homeless People" (Marsha McMurray-Avila, Lillian Gelberg, and William R. Breakey); (9) "Emergency Shelter and Services: Opening a Front Door to the Continuum of Care" (Judith D. Feins and Linda B. Fosburg); (10) "Transitional Housing and Services: A Synthesis" (Sue Barrow and Rita Zimmer); (11) "Reconnecting Homeless Individuals and Families to the Community" (Debra J. Rog and C. Scott Holupka); (12) "What Do We Know about the Systems Integration and Homelessness?" (Deborah L. Dennis, Joseph J. Cocozza, and Henry J. Steadman); and (13) "Rethinking the Prevention of Homelessness" (Marybeth Shinn and Jim Baumohl). Three appendixes contain an agenda, biographies, and participant list. (Each paper contains references.) (SM) AU - Fosburg, Linda B. AU - Dennis, Deborah L. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 473 KW - Case Management KW - Consumer Participation KW - Emergency Shelters KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - Integrated Services KW - Community Resources KW - Child Health KW - Public Policy KW - Housing Needs KW - Accountability KW - Child Welfare KW - Health Needs KW - Prevention KW - Social Services KW - Research KW - Homeless People KW - Physical Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62314911?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Practical lessons: the 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research AN - 59839648; 2001-0301240 AB - Discusses needs of the homeless population, including youth, and accountability of homeless programs, policy, clinical practices for homeless people, transitional housing and services, and prevention of homelessness; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, August 1999. AU - Fosburg, Linda B AU - Dennis, Deborah L Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Youth -- Social aspects KW - Homeless persons -- Medical care KW - Social problems -- United States KW - Social service -- Work with homeless persons KW - Homeless persons -- Research KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Shelters (social service) -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59839648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Fosburg%2C+Linda+B%3BDennis%2C+Deborah+L&rft.aulast=Fosburg&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Practical+lessons%3A+the+1998+National+Symposium+on+Homelessness+Research&rft.title=Practical+lessons%3A+the+1998+National+Symposium+on+Homelessness+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/progsys/homeless/symposium/Toc.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An update of antidote availability in veterinary medicine AN - 17470832; 4676861 AB - Lack of commercially available antidotes for animals is an issue of significant concern to the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology. A few antidotes are available for food animals through extra-label use, regulatory discretion and compounding. However, regulatory restrictions arising from human food safety concerns have limited the availability of food animal antidotes. Use of some antidotes in food animals requires establishment of an investigational new animal drug application. Antidotes are generally more available for non-food animals from several sources: approved animal drugs, extra-label use of approved animal and human drugs, regulatory discretion and compounding. Present alternatives are discussed as well as the need for legislation to increase antidote availability. Human food safety will always be an issue for food animal antidotes. Future availability of non-food animal and food animal antidotes will depend on several mechanisms and may include the establishment of veterinary antidote depots. Stakeholders are encouraged to participate in identifying and implementing these mechanisms. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Post, LO AU - Keller, W C AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 258 EP - 261 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Poisoning KW - Feeds KW - Antidotes KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17470832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=An+update+of+antidote+availability+in+veterinary+medicine&rft.au=Post%2C+LO%3BKeller%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=LO&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veterinary medicine; Antidotes; Feeds; Poisoning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in American adults: a clinical and epidemiologic profile AN - 17402203; 4623658 AB - Because enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is not identified by routine stool culture methods, ETEC outbreaks may go unrecognized, and opportunities for treatment and prevention may be missed. To improve recognition of adult ETEC outbreaks, we compared them with reported outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. During 1975-95, we identified 14 ETEC outbreaks in the United States and 7 on cruise ships, caused by 17 different serotypes and affecting 5683 persons. Median symptom prevalences were: diarrhoea 99%, abdominal cramps 82%, nausea 49%, fever 22%, vomiting 14%. The median incubation period was 42 h, and for 8 of 10 outbreaks, the mean or median duration of illness was > 72 h (range 24-264). For 17 (81%) ETEC outbreaks, but for only 2 (8%) viral outbreaks, the prevalence of diarrhoea was greater than or equal to 2.5 times the prevalence of vomiting. ETEC outbreaks may be differentiated from viral gastroenteritis outbreaks by a diarrhoea-to-vomiting prevalence ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5 and a longer duration of illness. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Dalton, C B AU - Mintz, ED AU - Wells, J G AU - Bopp, CA AU - Tauxe, R V AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Mailstop A-38, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 9 EP - 16 VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - outbreaks KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - Enterotoxins KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+infection+in+American+adults%3A+a+clinical+and+epidemiologic+profile&rft.au=Dalton%2C+C+B%3BMintz%2C+ED%3BWells%2C+J+G%3BBopp%2C+CA%3BTauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268899002526 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal tract; Enterotoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268899002526 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific consultation for a chemical mixture AN - 17397142; 4606429 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses the weight of evidence methodology to evaluate interactions of chemical mixtures. In the process, toxicity, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics of chemical components of the mixture are carefully examined. Based on the evaluation, predictions are made that can be used in real-life situations at hazardous waste sites. In this paper, health outcomes were evaluated for a mixture of eight compounds that were found at a specific site. These eight chemicals were identified and possibly associated with human exposure. The health assessors could consider similar thought processes when evaluating chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Pohl, H R AU - Roney, N AU - Fay, M AU - Chou, C-HSJ AU - Wilbur, S AU - Holler, J AD - ATSDR-CDC, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 4 Executive Park E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 470 EP - 479 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Mixtures KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17397142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Site-specific+consultation+for+a+chemical+mixture&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BRoney%2C+N%3BFay%2C+M%3BChou%2C+C-HSJ%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BHoller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mixtures; Risk assessment; Waste disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Postural Stability in Workers Exposed to Lead at a Secondary Lead Smelter AN - 17393712; 4611089 AB - Postural sway testing was carried out on a group of 145 workers exposed to lead in a secondary lead smelter and 84 workers not exposed to lead in a hinge manufacturing plant. All workers were measured for blood lead levels (BLL) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations at the time of testing and both a total cumulative and a time-weighted average BLL value was constructed for the lead exposed workers. The lead exposed workers mean BLL at the time of testing was 38.9 mu g/dl and the non-exposed workers mean was 2.3 mu g/dl. ZPP levels averaged 55.2 mu g/dl for exposed workers and 18.9 mu g/dl for non-exposed workers. Total cumulative BLL averaged 83476 mu g/dl days for the exposed workers, with a mean time-weighted average BLL of 35.1 mu g/dl. Six tests of postural stability, four two leg conditions and two single leg conditions were administered to all subjects using a force platform to produce measurements of sway for comparison purposes. The two leg conditions also manipulated the visual and proprioceptive systems. A statistically significant association was observed for sway measurements and the current BLL for all workers, but not with the current BLL of only the lead exposed workers. No statistically significant associations were present with the cumulative measures of long-term exposure. Of the six tests of sway, only the single leg conditions showed significant exposure effects. The results suggest effects of lead exposure among those with average BLL near 40.0 mu g/dl, but only in the most challenging one leg conditions. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Dick, R B AU - Pinkerton, LE AU - Krieg, EF Jr AU - Biagini, R E AU - Deddens, JA AU - Brightwell, W S AU - Grubb, P L AU - Taylor, B T AU - Russo, J M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rbdi@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 595 EP - 608 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - man KW - postural stability KW - blood levels KW - posture KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Balance KW - Occupational exposure KW - Smelters KW - Blood levels KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Posture KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Postural+Stability+in+Workers+Exposed+to+Lead+at+a+Secondary+Lead+Smelter&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BPinkerton%2C+LE%3BKrieg%2C+EF+Jr%3BBiagini%2C+R+E%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BBrightwell%2C+W+S%3BGrubb%2C+P+L%3BTaylor%2C+B+T%3BRusso%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurotoxicity; Occupational exposure; Smelters; Heavy metals; Blood levels; Lead; Posture; Balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal Harmful Substances or Environmental Exposures in Agriculture, 1992 to 1996 AN - 17373461; 4601687 AB - Data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries surveillance system from 1992 through 1996 were analyzed to allow a better understanding of exposures to harmful substances or environments that resulted in agricultural work fatalities. There were 357 fatalities as a result of these exposures in the agriculture production and agriculture services sectors, representing 10% of all work-related deaths that occurred in these industry sectors during this period. Contact with electric current represented 52.9% of these fatalities. Agricultural services reported 87 electrocutions, 50 of which occurred among tree trimmers. The events most likely to result in fatalities were contact with overhead power lines (26.3%) and drowning (17.1%). The overall fatality rate was 2.1 deaths per 100,000 workers. The development of appropriate hazard-awareness training for workers, such as that for electrical and drowning-related hazards, may help prevent future deaths in these industry sectors. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Adekoya, N AU - Myers, J R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, P-180, Morgantown, WV 26505 Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 699 EP - 705 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - man KW - drowning KW - electrocution KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Agricultural practices KW - Accidents KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Training KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+Harmful+Substances+or+Environmental+Exposures+in+Agriculture%2C+1992+to+1996&rft.au=Adekoya%2C+N%3BMyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Adekoya&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Accidents; Mortality; Occupational safety; Training; Agriculture; Occupational exposure; Agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration Proposed Testing Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Studies AN - 17369821; 4581947 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency responsible for ensuring that the direct food additives and color additives used in food in the United States are safe for all consumers. In 1982, in an effort to provide guidance concerning appropriate tests, the FDA issued Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food, commonly known as the Redbook. The Redbook included detailed guidelines for testing the effects of direct and indirect food and color additives on mothers and their developing fetuses. Based on refinements in safety assessment and risk evaluation as well as expansion of knowledge concerning the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of food and color additives, the need to revise and update the 1982 document became apparent. In 1993, Redbook II in draft form was made available for public comment. Since then, test end points and developmental landmarks have been refined. The latest proposed guidelines for developmental toxicity studies are provided here. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Hansen, D K AU - Welsh, J J AD - Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN, HFS-507, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - USA KW - USA, Food and Drug Administration KW - developmental stages KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Government policy KW - Food dyes KW - Toxicity KW - Government regulations KW - Food additives KW - Toxicity testing KW - Legislation KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17369821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+Proposed+Testing+Guidelines+for+Developmental+Toxicity+Studies&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BWelsh%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Frtph.1999.1307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity; Food additives; Government regulations; Toxicity testing; Government policy; Food dyes; Safety; Risk assessment; Legislation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1999.1307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal action of oral ampicillin/sulbactam against Mycobacterium leprae AN - 17350966; 4629332 AB - We reported previously that an injectable form of ampicillin/sulbactam, Unasyn, was bactericidal to Mycobacterium leprae multiplying in mouse foot pads. In this study, we examined the effect of an orally active form of ampicillin/sulbactam, Sultamicillin, on the growth of M. leprae in mice. Three concentrations of the drug, mixed with the feed, were administered from the start until the mice were killed at 6 months; 0.01% of the drug inhibited bacterial growth by 54%, 0.10% by 74% and 0.20% by 93%. To test whether oral ampicillin/sulbactam was bactericidal, 0.50% of the drug, mixed with the feed, was administered to experimentally infected mice for 3 months during the logarithmic phase of bacterial growth, and then discontinued; multiplication of the bacilli was monitored monthly for the next 8 months. The results showed that orally active ampicillin/sulbactam is bactericidal to M. leprae. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Randhawa, B AU - Harris, E B AU - Prabhakaran, K AD - Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center at Louisiana State University, US Public Health Service, PO Box 25072, Baton Rouge, LA 70894-5072, USA, Kprahakaran@mail.vetmed.isu.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 279 EP - 281 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Sulbactam KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium leprae KW - Bactericides KW - Animal models KW - Ampicillin KW - Sultamicillin KW - J 02843:Skin UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17350966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+action+of+oral+ampicillin%2Fsulbactam+against+Mycobacterium+leprae&rft.au=Randhawa%2C+B%3BHarris%2C+E+B%3BPrabhakaran%2C+K&rft.aulast=Randhawa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium leprae; Sultamicillin; Bactericides; Ampicillin; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Chemistry for the Production of Synthetic Oligodeoxyribonucleotides AN - 17342751; 4606509 AB - A number of years ago, we and others realized that polyamines play an important role in the stabilization of DNA triplex structures. For example, we found that 1,3-diaminopropane stabilized the DNA triple helix (dT sub(18)- dA sub(18))dT sub(18) in the absence of magnesium salts, which are usually required for the formation of such triplexes. Moreover, the triplex structure was strikingly more thermostable in the presence of 10 mM 1,3- diaminopropane (T sub(m) = 43 degree C) than with 10 mM magnesium chloride (T sub(m) = 33 degree C) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer, pH 7.4. Interestingly, the use of 1,2-diaminoethane did not lead to triple helix formation under the same conditions, and 1,4-diaminobutane was much less efficient than 1,3- diaminopropane in stabilizing (dT sub(18)-dA sub(18))dT sub(18) (data not shown). These findings encouraged us to investigate the chemical interaction of 1,3-diaminopropane with DNA triple helices. Computer-assisted modeling suggests that the size and shape of 1,3-diaminopropane are just adequate for charge neutralization between the phosphodiester groups of the triplex- forming oligonucleotide and those of the DNA duplex. In this context, model studies also showed that 1,2-diaminoethane and 1,4-diaminobutane are too small and too large, respectively, for efficient charge neutralization between the DNA third strand and the duplex. JF - Antisense and Nucleic Acid Drug Development AU - Wilk, A AU - Grajkowski, A AU - Srinivasachar, K AU - Beaucage, S L AD - FDA-CBER. Building 29A, Room 3B-06, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 361 EP - 366 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1087-2906, 1087-2906 KW - 1,3-diaminopropane KW - oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - oligonucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Magnesium KW - W3 33385:DNA/RNA KW - N 14220:Chemical synthesis & properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17342751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antisense+and+Nucleic+Acid+Drug+Development&rft.atitle=Improved+Chemistry+for+the+Production+of+Synthetic+Oligodeoxyribonucleotides&rft.au=Wilk%2C+A%3BGrajkowski%2C+A%3BSrinivasachar%2C+K%3BBeaucage%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Wilk&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antisense+and+Nucleic+Acid+Drug+Development&rft.issn=10872906&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnesium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethical Issues in the Use of Genetic Markers in Occupational Epidemiologic Research AN - 17332479; 4601681 AB - This review was conducted to characterize the nature of contemporary occupational epidemiologic research involving genetic markers, consider how genetic information is unique with regard to its social applications, and examine some of the ethical dilemmas that may arise over the course of studies. We have reviewed the literature and the lessons from our experience in conducting occupational epidemiologic research involving genetic markers. This review describes how occupational epidemiologic studies differ from other epidemiologic studies on issues of participation, confidentiality, and the history of including genetic markers. Of primary concern in occupational studies are genes that have multiple alleles and are sometimes referred to as "metabolic polymorphisms." They generally do not confer risk on their own but rather only in combination with a specific exposure. There is a need for a clear policy and guidelines for the conduct of occupational epidemiologic studies using genetic material. This policy should address all of the steps in study design, implementation, interpretation, and communication of results. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lomax, G P AU - Ward, E M AU - Colligan, MJ AD - Education and Information Division, NIOSH, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 639 EP - 646 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - genetic markers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Ethics KW - Research programs KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17332479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ethical+Issues+in+the+Use+of+Genetic+Markers+in+Occupational+Epidemiologic+Research&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLomax%2C+G+P%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BColligan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research programs; Ethics; Occupational health; Bioindicators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serotyping of group B streptococcal isolates AN - 17273098; 4588057 AB - Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common organisms causing neonatal sepsis as well as serious infections in adults. Serotyping the organism is important in studying the epidemiology of the disease as well as deciding a course of treatment. There are several methods available for serotyping. Most of them need high-titered sera and are not quantitative. We are reporting a new inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serotyping which is sensitive and specific compared to the conventional methods but does not need high-titered serotype-specific antisera, as the specificity is controlled by the polysaccharide coating on the ELISA plates. The method can also be quantitative, and we have measured polysaccharide elaborated by different serotype V strains. Thus, the inhibition ELISA method will be useful in serotyping for epidemiological studies, assessing virulence, and performing strain selection for vaccine production. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Arakere, G AU - Flores, A E AU - Ferrieri, P AU - Frasch, CE AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Mailstop HFM-428, Rockville, MD 20853, USA, arakereg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 2564 EP - 2567 VL - 37 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Serotyping KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17273098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+serotyping+of+group+B+streptococcal+isolates&rft.au=Arakere%2C+G%3BFlores%2C+A+E%3BFerrieri%2C+P%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Arakere&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus agalactiae; Serotyping; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 associates with microtubules and dynein during invasion of human intestinal cells AN - 17271788; 4588174 AB - Campylobacter jejuni uptake into cultured INT407 cells was analyzed kinetically over a wide range of starting multiplicities of infection (MOI; from 0.02 to 20,000 bacteria/epithelial cell). The efficiency of internalization was the highest at MOI of 0.02 and decreased steadily at higher MOIs, presumably due to reported C. jejuni autoagglutination at higher densities. Total internalized Campylobacter CFU increased gradually from an MOI of 0.02 to a peak at an MOI of 200 (reaching an average of two bacteria internalized per epithelial cell) and decreased at higher MOIs. The invasion process was apparently saturated within 2 h at an MOI of 200, indicating stringent host cell limitations on this entry process. Furthermore, whereas control Salmonella typhi invaded all monolayer cells within 1 h, only two-thirds of monolayer cells were infected after 2 h with C. jejuni at MOIs of 200 to 2,000. The percentage of Campylobacter-infected host cells gradually increased to 85% after 7 h of infection, suggesting that C. jejuni entry may be host cell cycle dependent. Direct evidence of the involvement of microtubules in C. jejuni internalization, suggested previously by biochemical inhibitor studies, was obtained by time course immunofluorescence microscopic analyses. Bacteria initially bound to the tips of host cell membrane extensions containing microtubules, then aligned in parallel with microtubules during entry, colocalized specifically with microtubules and dynein but not with microfilaments, and moved over 4 h, presumably via microtubules to the perinuclear region of host cells. Orthovanadate, which inhibits dynein activity, specifically reduced C. jejuni 81-176 entry, suggesting that this molecular motor is involved in entry and endosome trafficking during this novel bacterial internalization process. Collectively, these data suggest that C. jejuni enters host cells in a targeted and tightly controlled process leading to uptake into an endosomal vacuole which apparently moves intracellularly along microtubules via the molecular motor, dynein, to the perinuclear region. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hu, L AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, FDA-Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bldg. 29/420, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Kopecko@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 4171 EP - 4182 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - INT 407 cells KW - Orthovanadate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Microtubules KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Intestine KW - Dynein KW - Epithelium KW - Immunofluorescence KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17271788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+jejuni+81-176+associates+with+microtubules+and+dynein+during+invasion+of+human+intestinal+cells&rft.au=Hu%2C+L%3BKopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Dynein; Epithelium; Microtubules; Immunofluorescence; Intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neoplastic potential of rat tracheal epithelial cell lines induced by 1-nitropyrene and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene AN - 18319208; 5360734 AB - Our previous study showed that both 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene (DBP) induced enhanced growth variants (EGVs) in primary cultures of rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells exposed in vivo. Cell lines were established from some of the EGVs. Further studies, using anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice, were performed to determine the neoplastic potential of EGVs induced by 1-NP and DBP. Results show that three of five from DBP- and five of five from 1-NP-induced cell lines displayed anchorage-independent growth. The colony forming efficiency (CFE) from DBP-induced cell lines was 0.067ppt and CFE from 1-NP-induced cell lines was 0.151ppt. There is a significant difference between the two CFEs ( mu =12.08, P<0.01). Two of five DBP- and five of five 1-NP-induced cell lines produced squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in nude mice. The rate of tumorigenicity counted by injected sites was 20% (6/30) for DBP-induced cell lines and 57% (17/30) for 1-NP-induced cell lines. There is a significant difference between the results of tumorigenicity from the cell lines induced by the two different compounds ( chi super(2)=8.53, P<0.01). Neither of the two cell lines from spontaneously developed foci grew in soft agar or produced SCC in nude mice. It seems that the neoplastic potential of transformed RTE cells induced by 1-NP was higher than that of DBP. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Ensell, M X AU - Hubbs, A AU - Zhou, G AU - Battelli, L AU - Nath, J AU - Ong, T AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road Morgantown, WV USA Y1 - 1999/07/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 21 SP - 193 EP - 199 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 444 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - dibenzo(a,i)pyrene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - 1-Nitropyrene KW - Trachea KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18319208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Neoplastic+potential+of+rat+tracheal+epithelial+cell+lines+induced+by+1-nitropyrene+and+dibenzo%28a%2Ci%29pyrene&rft.au=Ensell%2C+M+X%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BZhou%2C+G%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BNath%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ensell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-21&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trachea; 1-Nitropyrene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of phytoestrogens on human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. AN - 69924851; 10424789 AB - Diet has been implicated as a possible link to the etiology, promotion and/or progression of many diseases, including cancer. Recently, interest has been focused on the cancer-protective role of several of the hormone-like diphenolic phytoestrogens, lignans, and isoflavonoids. This study examined the chemoprotective effects of genistein, biochanin A, equol, and coumestrol on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Two human adenocarcinoma cell lines, HPAF-11 from a male and Su 86.86 from a female, were used. HPAF-11 cells were exposed for 24 h to these agents at concentrations of 1 and 10 microM. Su 86.86 cells were exposed for 24 h at a concentration of 1 microM. Coumestrol and equol at higher concentrations were toxic to the Su 86.86 cells. These agents displayed marked differences between cell lines in inhibition of growth. Equol and coumestrol inhibited the growth of the female pancreatic tumor cells by 95%; however, these agents stimulated the growth of pancreatic tumor cells from the male. Genistein also stimulated growth in the male pancreatic tumor cells, but had little effect on pancreatic tumor cells from the female. Biochanin A inhibited growth of both male and female tumor cells, but to a lesser extent than other agents. This study also indicated a difference in K-ras expression in pancreatic tumors cells treated with these agents. Equol and coumestrol decreased K-ras expression in the female tumor cell line. Genistein increased expression of K-ras in both male and female pancreatic tumor cells. Genistein also increased expressions of the multidrug resistant (mdr-1) gene in the male tumor-cell line, while coumestrol and biochanin A decreased expression. Equol had no effect on mdr-1 expression. Whether the chemoprotective potential of equol and coumestrol against pancreatic cancer is greater in females than males is being further studied. JF - Cancer letters AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AU - Stottman, H L AU - Yan, Y AU - Blann, E AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Hammons, G J AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. bcook@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 19 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Isoflavones KW - Phytoestrogens KW - Plant Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Plants KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- therapeutic use KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69924851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+phytoestrogens+on+human+pancreatic+tumor+cells+in+vitro.&rft.au=Lyn-Cook%2C+B+D%3BStottman%2C+H+L%3BYan%2C+Y%3BBlann%2C+E%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BHammons%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Lyn-Cook&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-19&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Serology in the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease AN - 17371117; 4568111 AB - Numerous concerns regarding the potential for misdiagnosis of Lyme disease using commercial assays have been voiced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We attempted to clarify the clinical value of serologic testing for Lyme disease using the results of commonly marketed assays for detecting antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi, the organism that causes Lyme disease. We reviewed published studies on B burgdorferi test performance published through 1998, package insert labeling from FDA-cleared test kits for B burgdorferi, and Lyme Disease Survey Set LY-A from the College of American Pathologists. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of commercial serologic tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], immunofluorescence antibody [IFA], and immunodot) for diagnosis of Lyme disease. To reduce this risk of misdiagnosis, it is important that clinicians understand the performance characteristics and limitations of these tests. These tests, in common use in clinical or commercial laboratories, should be used only to support a clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease, not as the primary basis for making diagnostic or treatment decisions. Serologic testing is not useful early in the course of Lyme disease because of the low sensitivity of tests in early disease. Serologic testing may be more useful in later disease, at which time sensitivity and specificity of the test are improved. Positive or equivocal results on an ELISA, IFA, or immunodot assay requires supplemental testing with a Western blot assay. A negative result on the Western blot or ELISA indicates that there is no serologic evidence of infection by B burgdorferi at the time the sample was drawn. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Brown, S L AU - Hansen, S L AU - Langone, J J AD - 1350 Piccard Dr, HFZ-541, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 07 SP - 62 EP - 66 VL - 282 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immunoblotting KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Role+of+Serology+in+the+Diagnosis+of+Lyme+Disease&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BHansen%2C+S+L%3BLangone%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-07&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunofluorescence; Immunoblotting; Lyme disease; Diagnostic agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of environmental contaminant exposure: an intrafile comparison of the Trichloroethylene Subregistry. AN - 85260638; pmid-10433181 AB - The establishment of the National Exposure Registry represents the first major effort toward longitudinal surveillance of general populations exposed long-term to low levels of specific substances in the environment. The authors investigated the National Exposure Registry's Trichloroethylene Subregistry intrasubregistry differences with respect to health outcomes and the possible relationships with types and levels of chemical exposure. Investigators divided the 4041 living members of the Trichloroethylene Subregistry into 4 subgroups, by type(s) of exposures (chemicals) and duration and level of exposures. The authors compared the reporting rates for 25 health outcomes across subgroups. The authors used logistic regression, in which age, sex, education, smoking history, and occupational history were the covariates. Statistically significant increases in reporting rates were seen with (a) increased maximum trichloroethylene exposures for the outcome stroke, (b) increased cumulative chemical exposure for respiratory allergies, and (c) duration of exposure for hearing impairment. Consistently elevated reporting rates across the exposure subgroups were seen for hearing impairment, speech impairment, asthma and emphysema, respiratory allergies, and stroke. Reporting rates for urinary tract disorders were related only to cumulative chemical levels. The authors noted that there appeared to be a relationship between trichloroethylene and reporting rates for speech impairment, hearing impairment, and stroke and between volatile organic compounds and asthma and emphysema, respiratory allergies, and urinary tract disorders. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Burg, J R AU - Gist, G L AD - Exposure and Disease Registry Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 231 EP - 241 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - United States KW - Emphysema KW - Speech Disorders KW - Human KW - Solvents KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders KW - Population Surveillance KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Urologic Diseases KW - Logistic Models KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Age KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity KW - Registries KW - Hazardous Waste UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+environmental+contaminant+exposure%3A+an+intrafile+comparison+of+the+Trichloroethylene+Subregistry.&rft.au=Burg%2C+J+R%3BGist%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of glycols in air: development of sampling and analytical methodology and application to theatrical smokes. AN - 85240167; pmid-10462779 AB - Glycol-based fluids are used in the production of theatrical smokes in theaters, concerts, and other stage productions. The fluids are heated and dispersed in aerosol form to create the effect of a smoke, mist, or fog. There have been reports of adverse health effects such as respiratory irritation, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma, and skin rashes. Previous attempts to collect and quantify the aerosolized glycols used in fogging agents have been plagued by inconsistent results, both in the efficiency of collection and in the chromatographic analysis of the glycol components. The development of improved sampling and analytical methodology for aerosolized glycols was required to assess workplace exposures more effectively. An Occupational Safety and Health Administration versatile sampler tube was selected for the collection of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol aerosols. Analytical methodology for the separation, identification, and quantitation of the six glycols using gas chromatography/flame ionization detection is described. Limits of detection of the glycol analytes ranged from 7 to 16 micrograms/sample. Desorption efficiencies for all glycol compounds were determined over the range of study and averaged greater than 90%. Storage stability results were acceptable after 28 days for all analytes except ethylene glycol, which was stable at ambient temperature for 14 days. Based on the results of this study, the new glycol method was published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Pendergrass, S M AD - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 452 EP - 457 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Smoke KW - Aerosols KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Human KW - Air Pollutants KW - Glycols KW - Chemistry, Analytical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85240167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+glycols+in+air%3A+development+of+sampling+and+analytical+methodology+and+application+to+theatrical+smokes.&rft.au=Pendergrass%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Pendergrass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of serology in the diagnosis of Lyme disease. AN - 85223779; pmid-10404913 AB - Numerous concerns regarding the potential for misdiagnosis of Lyme disease using commercial assays have been voiced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We attempted to clarify the clinical value of serologic testing for Lyme disease using the results of commonly marketed assays for detecting antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi, the organism that causes Lyme disease. We reviewed published studies on B burgdorferi test performance published through 1998, package insert labeling from FDA-cleared test kits for B burgdorferi, and Lyme Disease Survey Set LY-A from the College of American Pathologists. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of commercial serologic tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], immunofluorescence antibody [IFA], and immunodot) for diagnosis of Lyme disease. To reduce this risk of misdiagnosis, it is important that clinicians understand the performance characteristics and limitations of these tests. These tests, in common use in clinical or commercial laboratories, should be used only to support a clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease, not as the primary basis for making diagnostic or treatment decisions. Serologic testing is not useful early in the course of Lyme disease because of the low sensitivity of tests in early disease. Serologic testing may be more useful in later disease, at which time sensitivity and specificity of the test are improved. Positive or equivocal results on an ELISA, IFA, or immunodot assay requires supplemental testing with a Western blot assay. A negative result on the Western blot or ELISA indicates that there is no serologic evidence of infection by B burgdorferi at the time the sample was drawn. JF - JAMA AU - Brown, S L AU - Hansen, S L AU - Langone, J J AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 62 EP - 66 VL - 282 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - United States KW - Blotting, Western KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Borrelia burgdorferi Group KW - Serologic Tests KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - Human KW - Lyme Disease KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Diagnostic Errors KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Immunologic Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85223779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Role+of+serology+in+the+diagnosis+of+Lyme+disease.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BHansen%2C+S+L%3BLangone%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contrast Medium- and Mannitol-Induced Apoptosis in Heart and Kidney of SHR Rats AN - 754891344; 13490756 AB - The induction of apoptosis by contrast media (CM) and mannitol (M) was investigated in the hearts and kidneys of 12-mo-old male SHR rats. Ten groups of 3 SHR rats received a dose of 5 ml/kg of one of the following: Hypaque (H)-30. H-60, H-76, Omnipaque (O)-140, O-350, mannitol (M)-4%, M-9%, M-19%, M-27%, or saline (S). DNA fragmentation was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated [TdT] dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the morphology characteristics of apoptosis were confirmed in cardiac and renal cells. The immunoreactivities of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 were assessed immunohistochemically in the kidneys. Apoptosis occurred in cardiac myocytes and renal tubular and glomerular cells as well as in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the heart and kidneys. The high frequency of apoptosis correlated significantly with the increase in the osmolality of the H, O, and M. The increased Bax, the increased p53, and the decreased Bcl-2 immunoreactivities were detected in H- or O-treated, but not in M-treated, rats. These findings suggest that CM and M activate cardiac and renal apoptosis by different mechanisms and that the apoptotic process may be implicated in acute heart and renal damage. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Duarte, Cristobal G AU - Ellis, Sydney AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (HFD-910), Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, and Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 427 EP - 435 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cardiotoxicity KW - nephrotoxicity KW - terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated [TdT] dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) KW - Bcl-2 KW - Bax KW - p53 KW - osmolality KW - Smooth muscle KW - Heart KW - Apoptosis KW - Cardiac muscle KW - cardiomyocytes KW - p53 protein KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Mannitol KW - Bax protein KW - Immunoreactivity KW - Contrast media KW - Kidney KW - Bcl-2 protein KW - DNA nucleotidylexotransferase KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754891344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Contrast+Medium-+and+Mannitol-Induced+Apoptosis+in+Heart+and+Kidney+of+SHR+Rats&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BDuarte%2C+Cristobal+G%3BEllis%2C+Sydney&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339902700406 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Smooth muscle; Apoptosis; Cardiac muscle; cardiomyocytes; p53 protein; DNA fragmentation; Mannitol; Bax protein; Immunoreactivity; Kidney; Contrast media; Bcl-2 protein; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339902700406 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nurses play a pivotal role in adverse event problem identification. AN - 70850296; 10514642 JF - International journal of trauma nursing AU - Rich, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 110 EP - 112 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1075-4210, 1075-4210 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Nurses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+trauma+nursing&rft.atitle=Nurses+play+a+pivotal+role+in+adverse+event+problem+identification.&rft.au=Rich%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+trauma+nursing&rft.issn=10754210&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bleeding episodes in HIV-positive patients taking HIV protease inhibitors: a case series. AN - 70010949; 10469181 AB - In July 1996 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alerted healthcare providers about 15 case reports of spontaneous bleeding episodes in HIV-positive haemophiliacs taking HIV protease inhibitors. In order to characterize the bleeding associated with HIV protease inhibitor therapy, the FDA's spontaneous adverse event reporting system was searched through 28 February 1997. The bleeding episode reporting rate for persons with haemophilia was compared for HIV protease inhibitors and zidovudine, and the characteristics of haemorrhagic events were compared between individuals with and without haemophilia. There was a substantial predominance of bleeding episodes for haemophiliacs taking HIV protease inhibitors (39 of 67; 58%) as compared with zidovudine (two of 63; 3.2%). A comparison of 39 reports of bleeding in haemophiliacs with 28 in non-haemophiliacs revealed similarities in time to event and type of HIV protease inhibitor implicated, but differences were present concerning location of bleeding and outcome. A greater proportion of haemophiliacs had resolution of their bleeding following discontinuation of their HIV protease inhibitor and recurrence of bleeding following rechallenge, as compared with non-haemophiliacs. HIV-positive haemophiliacs appear to be at an elevated risk of bleeding while taking HIV protease inhibitors, but these medications may predispose all individuals to such complications. JF - Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia AU - Racoosin, J A AU - Kessler, C M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 266 EP - 269 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1351-8216, 1351-8216 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Indinavir KW - 5W6YA9PKKH KW - Nelfinavir KW - HO3OGH5D7I KW - Saquinavir KW - L3JE09KZ2F KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - United States KW - Saquinavir -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Indinavir -- pharmacology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Zidovudine -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Nelfinavir -- pharmacology KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Hemophilia A -- complications KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Hemorrhage -- prevention & control KW - HIV Seropositivity -- drug therapy KW - HIV Seropositivity -- complications KW - Hemorrhage -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70010949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haemophilia+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+World+Federation+of+Hemophilia&rft.atitle=Bleeding+episodes+in+HIV-positive+patients+taking+HIV+protease+inhibitors%3A+a+case+series.&rft.au=Racoosin%2C+J+A%3BKessler%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Racoosin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Haemophilia+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+World+Federation+of+Hemophilia&rft.issn=13518216&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pilot study for monitoring changes in the microbiological component of metalworking fluids as a function of time and use in the system. AN - 69999026; 10462781 AB - This article describes the results of a pilot study to examine changes in the biological component of metalworking fluids (MWF) as a function of use. Fluid samples were taken from two newly charged systems, designated BT-7415 and BT-7707, at 1-week intervals for 8 weeks and characterized with respect to the kinds and numbers of bacteria present and presence of soluble protein in cell-free supernatants. In addition, lipid extracts of pelleted cells from fluids in BT-7415 were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy for the kinds and relative amounts of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) present. A total of 19 different bacterial species was cultured and identified, more than half (12/19) of which were gram-negative. Total colony-forming units (CFU) reached levels of 2.2 x 10(3)/mL in BT-7415 and 2.4 x 10(5)/mL in BT-7707. The most common genus isolated was Pseudomonas. Estimations of cell numbers based on total biomass from PLFA in samples from BT-7415 indicated 1.1 x 10(7)/mL after 8 weeks of use. Both the numbers of PLFA identified and the amounts of each detected in BT-7415 increased as the fluids were used. The chromatograms were dominated by two fatty acids, the amounts of which increased with time. These fatty acids, 18:2 omega 6 and 18:1 omega 9c, are not commonly associated with pseudomonads. This suggests that there is an important component of the biological consortium in MWF is not being detected by currently used culture techniques. There was no soluble protein detected in any of the samples from either system. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Lonon, M K AU - Abanto, M AU - Findlay, R H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fayetteville, AR, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 480 EP - 485 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Phospholipids KW - Index Medicus KW - Lubrication KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Phospholipids -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Pilot Projects KW - Time Factors KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Metallurgy KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69999026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=A+pilot+study+for+monitoring+changes+in+the+microbiological+component+of+metalworking+fluids+as+a+function+of+time+and+use+in+the+system.&rft.au=Lonon%2C+M+K%3BAbanto%2C+M%3BFindlay%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Lonon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of exposures to fluorocarbon 113 in a horizontal and a vertical laminar airflow clean room. AN - 69998502; 10462782 AB - Exposures to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane or fluorocarbon (FC) 113 were evaluated in a horizontal laminar airflow (HLAF) clean room and a vertical laminar airflow (VLAF) clean room. A full period consecutive samples measurement strategy was employed. Data were used to calculate 8-hour time-weighted averages (8-TWA) for major work groups and to characterize exposures associated with specific cleaning tasks. The MIRAN 1B infrared analyzer was used to estimate peak concentrations. In the HLAF clean room, 8-TWAs ranged from 193 to 439 ppm; in the VLAF clean room, 8-TWAs ranged from 110 to 935 ppm. These levels were below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit for FC 113 of 1000 ppm. Short-term sample concentrations ranged from 104 ppm (inspection) to 1080 ppm (assembly) in the HLAF clean room and 51 ppm (packaging)-3380 ppm (flushing) in the VLAF clean room. In the VLAF clean room, several short-term concentrations measured during the flushing task--1421 ppm and 2522 ppm--were above the NIOSH short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 1250 ppm. These data suggest the possibility that the STEL may be exceeded for tasks involving direct work with liquid FC 113. Peak exposure levels may be reduced by modification of worker position in the HLAF clean room and by use of open wire tables in the VLAF clean room. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Bloom, T F AU - Egeland, G M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 486 EP - 494 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane KW - 07H0R79HO0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- analysis KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69998502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+exposures+to+fluorocarbon+113+in+a+horizontal+and+a+vertical+laminar+airflow+clean+room.&rft.au=Bloom%2C+T+F%3BEgeland%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazard evaluation of methyl bromide soil fumigations. AN - 69992491; 10461395 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Lenhart, S W AU - Gagnon, Y T AD - NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 407 EP - 412 VL - 14 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Soil KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - chloropicrin KW - I4JTX7Z7U2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Pilot Projects KW - Time Factors KW - Fumigation KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69992491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Health+hazard+evaluation+of+methyl+bromide+soil+fumigations.&rft.au=Lenhart%2C+S+W%3BGagnon%2C+Y+T&rft.aulast=Lenhart&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Don't make a splash. AN - 69965980; 10446583 JF - Nursing AU - Dillard, S F AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 74 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Nursing KW - Eye Protective Devices KW - Humans KW - Occupational Health KW - Nursing Staff, Hospital KW - Disinfectants -- adverse effects KW - Glutaral -- adverse effects KW - Burns, Chemical -- etiology KW - Keratitis -- chemically induced KW - Eye Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69965980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Don%27t+make+a+splash.&rft.au=Dillard%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Dillard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of microbial receptor assay to quantitation of residues of spectinomycin in bovine milk and comparison with liquid chromatographic analysis. AN - 69963452; 10444837 AB - Spectinomycin-contaminated bovine milk samples were assayed by liquid chromatographic (LC) and microbial receptor methods. LC involved a newly developed analytical method to quantitate the concentration of spectinomycin in the contaminated milk samples. The receptor assay used reagents and the reaction system used for the Charm II spectinomycin assay. Three standard curves (selected range, full range, and second-order polynomial) were plotted for the receptor assay and used to quantitate spectinomycin in contaminated milk samples. The levels of spectinomycin obtained by the receptor assay, using only the standard curve in the selected range, were comparable to the results obtained by LC analysis. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Shaikh, B AU - Schermerhorn, P AU - Adam, L A AU - von Bredow, J D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1002 EP - 1005 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Spectinomycin KW - 93AKI1U6QF KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Spectinomycin -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69963452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Application+of+microbial+receptor+assay+to+quantitation+of+residues+of+spectinomycin+in+bovine+milk+and+comparison+with+liquid+chromatographic+analysis.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BSchermerhorn%2C+P%3BAdam%2C+L+A%3Bvon+Bredow%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1002&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive substance in the islets of Langerhans, pituitaries and adrenal glands of 139H scrapie-infected hamsters. AN - 69928511; 10425534 AB - Previous studies showed that the 139H strain of scrapie injected intra-cerebrally in hamsters caused obesity, and extensive histopathological changes in islets of Langerhans and pituitaries. In the current study, we report that an abnormal granular substance, which stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS-positive substance; PPS), was found in the islets of Langerhans, pituitaries, adrenal glands, in the lumens of blood vessel cores (BVCs) and in blood vessels in 139H-infected hamsters, but not in either 263K-infected or control hamsters. This substance was found in the endocrine organs, forming grape-like or plaque-like structures, which were small, round to ovoid, and homogenous measuring up to 7 microns in diameter and usually grouped in clusters. PPS was not found in the brains of control or scrapie-infected hamsters. Using immunostaining for amyloid protein (PrP, beta A4), as well as Congo red and thioflavin-S stains, no evidence was found of amyloid plaque formation in the islets of Langerhans, the adrenal glands, or the pituitaries of 139H- or 263K-infected hamsters. PPS might relate to the pathological changes in the endocrine organs in 139H-infected hamsters. JF - Histology and histopathology AU - Ye, X AU - Scallet, A AU - Carp, R I AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA. XYE@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 673 EP - 678 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0213-3911, 0213-3911 KW - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor KW - 0 KW - PrPSc Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor -- analysis KW - Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction KW - Female KW - PrPSc Proteins -- analysis KW - Cricetinae KW - Adrenal Glands -- metabolism KW - Pituitary Gland -- metabolism KW - Islets of Langerhans -- metabolism KW - Scrapie -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69928511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histology+and+histopathology&rft.atitle=Abnormal+periodic+acid-Schiff+%28PAS%29-positive+substance+in+the+islets+of+Langerhans%2C+pituitaries+and+adrenal+glands+of+139H+scrapie-infected+hamsters.&rft.au=Ye%2C+X%3BScallet%2C+A%3BCarp%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Histology+and+histopathology&rft.issn=02133911&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro metabolic interaction studies: experience of the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 69926184; 10430104 AB - A total of 194 new molecular entities approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1992 and 1997 were surveyed to determine the role of in vitro metabolic interactions in the conduct of drug-drug interaction studies and to examine the methods used in these studies. Approximately 30% of the submissions were found to have in vitro metabolism-based interaction studies, most of which were inhibitory in nature. Chemical inhibition was the most commonly used approach in studying drug interactions in vitro. In this article, an attempt to assess the quality of the chemical inhibition approach was made. Four areas were found to be often overlooked: (1) incubation time and concentrations of the drug, (2) the difference between inhibition constant (k(i)) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, (3) the substrate-dependent inhibition potential, and (4) the metabolic genotype or phenotype of the liver donor. We discuss the pitfalls in estimating drug interactions when these four areas are overlooked. JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Yuan, R AU - Parmelee, T AU - Balian, J D AU - Uppoor, R S AU - Ajayi, F AU - Burnett, A AU - Lesko, L J AU - Marroum, P AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- metabolism KW - Drug Antagonism KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69926184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=In+vitro+metabolic+interaction+studies%3A+experience+of+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+R%3BParmelee%2C+T%3BBalian%2C+J+D%3BUppoor%2C+R+S%3BAjayi%2C+F%3BBurnett%2C+A%3BLesko%2C+L+J%3BMarroum%2C+P&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiographic trends of dental offices and dental schools. AN - 69917800; 10422407 AB - A survey of private practice facilities in the United States that perform dental radiography was conducted in 1993 and repeated in dental schools in 1995-1996. Both surveys were conducted as part of the Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends, or NEXT, survey program. A representative sample of dental facilities from each participating state were surveyed, and data on patient radiation exposure, radiographic technique, film-image quality, film-processing quality and darkroom fog were collected. The authors found that dental schools use E-speed film more frequently than do private practice facilities. The use of E-speed film and better film processing by dental schools resulted in lower patient radiation exposures without sacrificing image quality. The authors also found that dental school darkrooms had lower ambient fog levels than did those of private practice facilities. The distribution for the 1993 NEXT survey facilities was greater than that observed for dental schools for radiation exposure, film-processing quality and darkroom fog. Dental schools, in general, had better film quality and lower radiation exposures than did private practice facilities. Facilities need to emphasize better quality processing and the use of E-speed film to reduce patient exposure and improve image quality. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Spelic, D C AU - Conway, B AU - Hart, J C AU - Boyce, P R AU - Antonsen, R G AD - Radiation Programs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. 20850, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 1104 EP - 1110 VL - 130 IS - 7 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Dental Offices -- trends KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Schools, Dental -- trends KW - Humans KW - X-Ray Film KW - Absorptiometry, Photon KW - Data Collection KW - Radiography, Dental -- instrumentation KW - Radiography, Dental -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69917800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Radiographic+trends+of+dental+offices+and+dental+schools.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H%3BSpelic%2C+D+C%3BConway%2C+B%3BHart%2C+J+C%3BBoyce%2C+P+R%3BAntonsen%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of a ferrylhemoglobin intermediate in an endothelial cell model after hypoxia-reoxygenation. AN - 69910569; 10409186 AB - A cell culture model of bovine aortic endothelial cells attached to microcarrier beads was used to study the interaction of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (an oxygen-carrying blood substitute) with hypoxia-reoxygenation. Hemoglobin (200 microM) and hypoxia-volume restriction (3-5 h), together and separately, caused toxicity in this model, as measured by decreased cellular replating efficiency. Hemoglobin (60 microM) caused a reduction in hydrogen peroxide concentration and an increase in lipid peroxidation above that induced by hypoxia alone. Incubation of hemoglobin with endothelial cells caused transient oxidation of hemoglobin to its highly reactive and toxic ferryl species after >/=3 h of hypoxia, followed by 1 h of reoxygenation. Lipid peroxidation, which may occur in the presence of ferrylhemoglobin, also occurred after 1 h of reoxygenation. Hemoglobin caused a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular glutathione concentration, suggesting that it caused an oxidative stress to the cells. However, addition of ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, or trolox did not decrease hemoglobin oxidation in the presence of normal or hypoxic cells. It is concluded that diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin forms a ferryl intermediate in the absence of any exogenously added oxidant and contributes to the oxidative burden experienced by endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, a condition that is likely to be encountered during trauma and surgery when hemoglobin solutions are used as perfusion agents. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - McLeod, L L AU - Alayash, A I AD - Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - H92 EP - H99 VL - 277 IS - 1 Pt 2 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate-crosslinked hemoglobin A(0) KW - Methemoglobin KW - 9008-37-1 KW - Hemoglobin A KW - 9034-51-9 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Aspirin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hemoglobin A -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Aspirin -- pharmacology KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Methemoglobin -- metabolism KW - Hypoxia -- metabolism KW - Methemoglobin -- isolation & purification KW - Oxygen -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69910569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+a+ferrylhemoglobin+intermediate+in+an+endothelial+cell+model+after+hypoxia-reoxygenation.&rft.au=McLeod%2C+L+L%3BAlayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=1+Pt+2&rft.spage=H92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogen update: methylene blue. AN - 69899512; 10413340 JF - Teratology AU - Cragan, J D AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 42 EP - 48 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Methylene Blue KW - T42P99266K KW - Index Medicus KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Second KW - Amniocentesis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Fetal Death -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Methylene Blue -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69899512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Teratogen+update%3A+methylene+blue.&rft.au=Cragan%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Cragan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the effects of hazardous waste on reproductive health. AN - 69895593; 10411784 AB - Approximately 1 in 4 Americans lives within 4 miles of a hazardous waste site according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In light of this large proportion and the public's high level of concern that hazardous waste causes health problems, it is important for primary care physicians and other health care providers to know that residential proximity to some kinds of hazardous waste sites is associated with adverse reproductive effects. Findings from both state-based surveillance programs and studies of individual hazardous waste sites have shown increased risk of congenital malformations and reductions in birth weight among infants born to parents living near hazardous waste sites. This article summarizes salient literature on human health effects of hazardous waste and suggests actions for primary care providers to consider. JF - American journal of obstetrics and gynecology AU - Johnson, B L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - S12 EP - S16 VL - 181 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9378, 0002-9378 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69895593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+effects+of+hazardous+waste+on+reproductive+health.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=S12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00029378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of spatial data for community health planning. AN - 69889636; 10538418 JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Lee, C V AU - Irving, J L AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta 30333, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 7 EP - 22 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Delivery of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Geography KW - Internet KW - Information Systems KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Community Health Planning -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69889636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=Sources+of+spatial+data+for+community+health+planning.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+V%3BIrving%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of radiocontrast, mannitol, and endothelin on blood pressure and renal damage in the aging male spontaneously hypertensive rat. AN - 69884588; 10399635 AB - The purpose of this research was to study the effects of the radiocontrast medium (CM) Hypaque-76 (diatrizoate meglumine sodium), equiosmolar mannitol, and endothelin on blood pressure and renal damage in a aging male spontaneously hypertensive rat, a small animal model for CM-induced renal damage. The importance of the pressor effect and the high osmolality of CM in producing renal damage was investigated by first reducing the blood pressure with pentobarbital anesthesia, which suppresses sympathetic nervous system activity, then testing the effects of CM, saline, mannitol, and the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin alone and in combination with CM. Systolic blood pressure was measured in 14-month-old male rats (1) when awake, (2) after pentobarbital anesthesia, (3) after the administration of saline, CM, mannitol, endothelin, or CM plus endothelin, (4) after awakening the same day, and (5) the following day while awake. Renal damage was quantified by evaluating histopathologically the left kidney removed the day after administration of test substances. The pentobarbital-lowered blood pressure remained depressed after saline and mannitol but rose dramatically after CM, endothelin, and CM plus endothelin. Renal damage, compared with the saline controls, occurred with CM, mannitol, endothelin, and endothelin plus CM. The order of increasing severity was mannitol = CM < endothelin < endothelin plus CM. The effect of CM on systolic blood pressure is not related to its osmolality. High osmolality, however, appears to be a factor in CM-induced renal damage. Ischemia and direct nephrotoxicity are factors contributing to the renal-damaging effects of CM, mannitol, and endothelin. JF - Investigative radiology AU - Duarte, C G AU - Zhang, J AU - Ellis, S AD - Division of Cardio-Renal Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 455 EP - 462 VL - 34 IS - 7 SN - 0020-9996, 0020-9996 KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Diuretics, Osmotic KW - Drug Combinations KW - Endothelins KW - Diatrizoate KW - 117-96-4 KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine KW - 3X9MR4N98U KW - urovision KW - 8064-12-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Hypertension -- physiopathology KW - Aging -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Contrast Media -- toxicity KW - Diuretics, Osmotic -- toxicity KW - Endothelins -- toxicity KW - Diatrizoate -- toxicity KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine -- toxicity KW - Mannitol -- toxicity KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69884588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigative+radiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+radiocontrast%2C+mannitol%2C+and+endothelin+on+blood+pressure+and+renal+damage+in+the+aging+male+spontaneously+hypertensive+rat.&rft.au=Duarte%2C+C+G%3BZhang%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+S&rft.aulast=Duarte&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Investigative+radiology&rft.issn=00209996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Back pain prevalence in US industry and estimates of lost workdays. AN - 69868041; 10394311 AB - Back pain is the most common reason for filing workers' compensation claims and often causes lost workdays. Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to identify high-risk industries and to estimate the prevalence of work-related back pain and number of workdays lost. Analyses included 30074 respondents who worked during the 12 months before the interview. A case patient was defined as a respondent who had back pain every day for a week or more during that period. The prevalence of lost-workday back pain was 4.6%, and individuals with work-related cases lost 101.8 million workdays owing to back pain. Male and female case patients lost about the same number of workdays. Industries in high-risk categories were also identified for future research and intervention, including those seldom studied. This study provides statistically reliable national estimates of the prevalence of back pain among workers and the enormous effect of this condition on American industry in terms of lost workdays. JF - American journal of public health AU - Guo, H R AU - Tanaka, S AU - Halperin, W E AU - Cameron, L L AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. hrguo@mail.ncku.edu.tw Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 1029 EP - 1035 VL - 89 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Workers' Compensation -- economics KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Back Pain -- economics KW - Sick Leave -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sick Leave -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69868041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Back+pain+prevalence+in+US+industry+and+estimates+of+lost+workdays.&rft.au=Guo%2C+H+R%3BTanaka%2C+S%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BCameron%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Med. 1987 Aug;29(8):670-4 [2958608] N Z Med J. 1988 Aug 24;101(852):542-4 [2970608] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Sep;46(9):651-7 [2528986] AAOHN J. 1990 Jul;38(7):318-22 [2142885] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990 Dec;15(12):1317-20 [2149210] Orthop Clin North Am. 1991 Apr;22(2):263-71 [1826550] Occup Health (Lond). 1991 Mar;43(3):82-5 [1826947] Ergonomics. 1992 Nov;35(11):1353-75 [1425566] J Occup Med. 1993 Feb;35(2):114-20 [8433181] J Occup Med. 1994 Oct;36(10):1093-9 [7830167] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Nov;28(5):591-602 [8561169] Am J Public Health. 1996 Mar;86(3):382-7 [8604764] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Jan;31(1):1-3 [8986247] J Soc Occup Med. 1986 Autumn;36(3):90-4 [2945050] Ergonomics. 1987 Feb;30(2):181-4 [3582328] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987 Apr;12(3):264-8 [2954221] J Occup Med. 1968 Apr;10(4):174-8 [4231057] IMS Ind Med Surg. 1969 Nov;38(11):398-408 [4242708] IMS Ind Med Surg. 1971 Nov;40(8):7-14 [4257490] Dan Med Bull. 1974 Mar;21(1):30-6 [4275227] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 May-Jun;2(5):31-66 [159934] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1981 Jan-Feb;6(1):53-60 [6451937] Occup Health Saf. 1982 Feb;51(2):24-6 [7058034] Dan Med Bull. 1982 Oct;29(6):289-99 [6216075] Am J Public Health. 1984 Jun;74(6):574-9 [6232862] J Occup Med. 1984 Jun;26(6):443-8 [6234383] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1984 Dec;10(6 Spec No):435-42 [6535246] J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(8):691-702 [3160720] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cutting edge: a short polypeptide domain of HIV-1-Tat protein mediates pathogenesis. AN - 69857529; 10384093 AB - HIV-1 encodes the transactivating protein Tat, which is essential for virus replication and progression of HIV disease. However, Tat has multiple domains, and consequently the molecular mechanisms by which it acts remain unclear. In this report, we provide evidence that cellular activation by Tat involves a short core domain, Tat21-40, containing only 20 aa including seven cysteine residues highly conserved in most HIV-1 subtypes. Effective induction by Tat21-40 of both NF-kappaB-mediated HIV replication and TAR-dependent transactivation of HIV-long terminal repeat indicates that this short sequence is sufficient to promote HIV infection. Moreover, Tat21-40 possesses potent angiogenic activity, further underscoring its role in HIV pathogenesis. These data provide the first demonstration that a 20-residue core domain sequence of Tat is sufficient to transactivate, induce HIV replication, and trigger angiogenesis. This short peptide sequence provides a potential novel therapeutic target for disrupting the functions of Tat and inhibiting progression of HIV disease. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Boykins, R A AU - Mahieux, R AU - Shankavaram, U T AU - Gho, Y S AU - Lee, S F AU - Hewlett, I K AU - Wahl, L M AU - Kleinman, H K AU - Brady, J N AU - Yamada, K M AU - Dhawan, S AD - Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 15 EP - 20 VL - 163 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Gene Products, tat KW - 0 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral -- immunology KW - Chick Embryo KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Monocytes -- virology KW - Allantois -- immunology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Virus Activation -- immunology KW - Neovascularization, Physiologic -- immunology KW - HIV Long Terminal Repeat -- immunology KW - Cysteine -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- physiopathology KW - Monocytes -- immunology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- virology KW - Chorion -- immunology KW - Virus Replication -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- immunology KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - HIV-1 -- pathogenicity KW - HIV-1 -- growth & development KW - Gene Products, tat -- metabolism KW - Gene Products, tat -- immunology KW - Gene Products, tat -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- immunology KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemical synthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69857529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Cutting+edge%3A+a+short+polypeptide+domain+of+HIV-1-Tat+protein+mediates+pathogenesis.&rft.au=Boykins%2C+R+A%3BMahieux%2C+R%3BShankavaram%2C+U+T%3BGho%2C+Y+S%3BLee%2C+S+F%3BHewlett%2C+I+K%3BWahl%2C+L+M%3BKleinman%2C+H+K%3BBrady%2C+J+N%3BYamada%2C+K+M%3BDhawan%2C+S&rft.aulast=Boykins&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunohistochemical localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitrotyrosine in rat liver tumors induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. AN - 69854613; 10383909 AB - Human liver cancers have been associated mainly with chronic inflammations such as viral hepatitis B or C. This suggests that prolonged cell damage by chronic inflammation is critical in cancer development. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO.) and its derivative (NOx, peroxynitrite) has been implicated as a cause of tissue damage by inflammation, thus contributing to tumor promotion. We have demonstrated the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite formation, by immunohistochemistry in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver tissues induced by continuous infusion of N-nitrosodiethylamine with mini-pumps. The preneoplastic lesions were characterized by proliferation of phenotypically altered hepatic foci (PAHF), dysplastic hepatocytes and oval cells. Histologically, the tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of trabecular, (pseudo)glandular and solid types with or without cholangiocellular involvement. iNOS was located mainly in oval cells, capillary endothelial and muscular cells, epithelia of cholangiomas and glandular HCCs. 3-Nitrotyrosine was observed in the cytoplasms of PAHF and dysplastic hepatocytes in preneoplasias and in the cytoplasms of some living or apoptotic HCC cells, connective tissues, proteinaceous fluids, sinusoidal endothelia of tumorous hepatocytes and cholangiomas in tumors. From these observations, we suggest that: (i) chronic tissue damage by chemical carcinogens may act to induce iNOS and peroxynitrite formation; (ii) oval cells play a key role in development and/or growth of tumor tissues by producing NO. via iNOS, which may also cause tissue damage by peroxynitrite; (iii) iNOS can be considered as a phenotypic marker in cells of oval cell lineage and neovascularized capillaries in tumor tissues. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ahn, B AU - Han, B S AU - Kim, D J AU - Ohshima, H AD - Department of Pathology, National Institute of Toxicology Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-Dong, Eunpyung-Ku, Seoul 122-704, Korea. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 1337 EP - 1344 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, rat KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Apoptosis KW - Precancerous Conditions -- pathology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- enzymology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Adenoma, Bile Duct -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma, Bile Duct -- pathology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- enzymology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma, Bile Duct -- enzymology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69854613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Immunohistochemical+localization+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+and+3-nitrotyrosine+in+rat+liver+tumors+induced+by+N-nitrosodiethylamine.&rft.au=Ahn%2C+B%3BHan%2C+B+S%3BKim%2C+D+J%3BOhshima%2C+H&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Young workers. AN - 69846008; 10378974 AB - Until recently, today's occupational safety and health experts have paid little attention to safety and health concerns of working youth. Yet with millions of children and adolescents employed each year, young workers are indeed a special population at risk deserving special attention. Occupational safety and health professionals have critical knowledge and skills to contribute to researching special issues for young workers and promoting safe and healthful work for youth. Unique opportunities for intervention hold the potential for new and rewarding partnerships with, for example, pediatricians and adolescent health specialists, child labor regulators, child injury prevention professionals, maternal and child health professionals, educators, and community leaders. Lessons learned in targeting young workers can have important implications for reaching other special populations that have not been well addressed through conventional approaches to occupational safety and health. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Castillo, D N AU - Davis, L AU - Wegman, D H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 519 EP - 536 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Child KW - Needs Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Research KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69846008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Young+workers.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+D+N%3BDavis%2C+L%3BWegman%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality among women employed in fast-growing U.S. occupations. AN - 69808026; 10361605 AB - Our study examined cancer mortality before the age of 65 for women employed in the fastest growing and/or traditionally female occupations. Analysis of mortality data from 28 U.S. states for 1984-1995 revealed elevated proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs). The highest PCMRs observed were thyroid cancer among health aides, lymphatic and multiple myeloma among computer programmers, and brain cancer among actresses and directresses. Some of the excess mortality occurred for occupations that have been previously cited. These included elevated breast and ovarian cancer among teachers, Hodgkin's disease among hairdressers and cosmetologists, and thyroid cancer among health aides and therapists. A few of the associations were new, i.e., had not been previously observed. These included cancer of the connective tissue and lymphatic system among computer programmers, ovarian cancer and leukemia among secretaries, and lymphatic cancer and multiple myeloma among child care workers. These findings should be further investigated with epidemiologic and environmental studies. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Walker, J T AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. CFR2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 186 EP - 192 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Occupations -- trends KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69808026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+among+women+employed+in+fast-growing+U.S.+occupations.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BWalker%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between serum levels of cardiac troponin-T and the severity of the chronic cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin. AN - 69285309; 10561281 AB - PURPOSE To investigate, over a wide range of cumulative doxorubicin doses, the feasibility of using serum concentrations of cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) as a biomarker for doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were given 1 mg/kg doxorubicin weekly for 2 to 12 weeks. Cardiomyopathy scores were assessed according to the method of Billingham and serum levels of cTnT were quantified by a noncompetitive immunoassay. Myocardial localization of cTnT was studied by immunohistochemical staining and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Increases in serum levels of cTnT (0.03 to 0.05 ng/mL) and myocardial lesions (cardiomyopathy scores of 1 or 1.5) were found in one out of five and two out of five SHR given 2 and 4 mg/kg doxorubicin, respectively. All animals given 6 mg/kg or more of doxorubicin had increases in serum cTnT and myocardial lesions. The average cTnT levels and the cardiomyopathy scores correlated with the cumulative dose of doxorubicin (0.13 v 0.4 ng/mL cTnT and scores of 1.4 v 3.0 in SHR given 6 and 12 mg/kg doxorubicin, respectively). Decreased staining for cTnT was observed in cardiac tissue from SHR receiving cumulative doses that caused only minimal histologic alterations (scores of 1 to 1.5). Staining for cTnT decreased simultaneously with increases in the severity of the cardiomyopathy scores. CONCLUSION cTnT is released from doxorubicin-damaged myocytes. Measurements of serum levels of this protein seem to provide a sensitive means for assessing the early cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. JF - Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Lipshultz, S E AU - Rifai, N AU - Chadwick, D AU - Takeda, K AU - Yu, Z X AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research (HFD-910), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. hermaneu@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2237 EP - 2243 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0732-183X, 0732-183X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Troponin T KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Chronic Disease KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Male KW - Drug Monitoring -- methods KW - Troponin T -- blood KW - Cardiomyopathies -- pathology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced KW - Cardiomyopathies -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69285309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+serum+levels+of+cardiac+troponin-T+and+the+severity+of+the+chronic+cardiomyopathy+induced+by+doxorubicin.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BLipshultz%2C+S+E%3BRifai%2C+N%3BChadwick%2C+D%3BTakeda%2C+K%3BYu%2C+Z+X%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.issn=0732183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for lead AN - 52190377; 2001-061614 JF - Toxicological profile for lead AU - Abadin, Henry AU - Llados, Fernando Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 587 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - waste disposal sites KW - pollution KW - lead KW - bioavailability KW - environmental effects KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - air KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52190377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Abadin%2C+Henry%3BLlados%2C+Fernando&rft.aulast=Abadin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+lead&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+lead&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1819 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 24 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for cadmium AN - 52189186; 2001-061609 JF - Toxicological profile for cadmium AU - Taylor, Jessilyn AU - DeWoskin, Rob AU - Ennever, Fanny K Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 397 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - cadmium KW - risk assessment KW - air KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52189186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Jessilyn%3BDeWoskin%2C+Rob%3BEnnever%2C+Fanny+K&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jessilyn&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+cadmium&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+cadmium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1328 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 17 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - super(32)P-Postlabeling of N-(Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)arylamine Adducts: A Comparative Study of Labeling Efficiencies AN - 17386713; 4617815 AB - super(32)P-Postlabeling is an extremely powerful technique for the detection of DNA adducts. Typically, the quantitation of DNA adducts by super(32)P-postlabeling is achieved by relative adduct labeling, via comparison of the radioactivity incorporated into the adducts to that associated with the normal nucleotides. This approach is based on a number of assumptions, the foremost being that normal and adducted nucleotide 3'-phosphates are converted to 3',5'-bisphosphates with similar efficiencies. To evaluate labeling efficiencies for specific DNA adducts, we conducted a comparative study of the kinetics of phosphorylation by T sub(4) polynucleotide kinase using 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-phosphate (dG3'p) and a series of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)arylamine 3'-phosphate adduct standards (dG3'p-C8-Ar, Ar being 4-aminobiphenyl, 3- and 4-methylaniline, and 2,4- and 3,4-dimethylaniline). Phosphorylation of dG3'p and the dG3'p-C8-Ar adducts followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent turnover numbers were 40-240-fold lower when labeling dG3'p-C8-Ar adducts compared to that when labeling dG3'p. The apparent specificity constant calculated for dG3'p-C8-4-aminobiphenyl (1.4 mu M super(-1) min super(-1)) was approximately 4-fold lower than that (5.4 mu M super(-1) min super(-1)) found for dG3'p. Apparent specificity constants for the monoarylamine adducts were even lower (0.043-0.23 mu M super(-1) min super(-1)) and decreased in the following order: 4-methylaniline > 3,4-dimethylaniline > 3-methylaniline > 2,4-dimethylaniline. Similar experiments conducted with dG3'p-C8-Ar standards for 2-methylaniline and 2,3-dimethylaniline produced very poor and irreproducible labeling. These results indicate that super(32)P-postlabeling of dG3'p-C8-Ar adducts is less efficient than that of dG3'p and suggest that normal nucleotides will be labeled preferentially to the arylamine adducts under kinetically controlled conditions. The data also indicate a further decrease in labeling efficiency upon substitution ortho to the amino group (e.g., 2,4-dimethylaniline). In addition, the ATP concentrations required for optimal labeling were found to be substantially higher than those used in typical super(32)P-postlabeling assays. Since the high specific activity of carrier-free [ gamma - super(32)P]ATP precludes increasing the ATP concentration to a significant extent, these data emphasize the need for using highly efficient adduct enrichment procedures when conducting super(32)P-postlabeling analyses of DNA adducts. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Mourato, LLG AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - HFT-110, NCTR, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 661 EP - 669 VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - monoarylamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - Phosphorylation KW - Radioactive labelling KW - Radioisotopes KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17386713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=super%2832%29P-Postlabeling+of+N-%28Deoxyguanosin-8-yl%29arylamine+Adducts%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Labeling+Efficiencies&rft.au=Mourato%2C+LLG%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Mourato&rft.aufirst=LLG&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radioisotopes; DNA adducts; Phosphorylation; Radioactive labelling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of protriptyline by filamentous fungi and yeasts AN - 17351588; 4626642 AB - The potential of various fungi to metabolize protriptyline (an extensively used antidepressant) was studied to investigate similarities between mammalian and microbial metabolism. Metabolites produced by each organism were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The metabolites identified in one or more fungi were 2-hydroxyprotriptyline, N-desmethylprotriptyline, N-acetylprotriptyline, N-acetoxyprotriptyline, 14-oxo-N-desmethylprotriptyline, 2-hydroxy-acetoxyprotriptyline and 3-(5-hydrodibenzo[b,f][7]annulen-5-yl)-propanoic acid. Among 27 filamentous fungi and yeast species screened, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini 2380 metabolized 97% of the protriptyline added. Several other fungi screened gave significant metabolism of protriptyline, including Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 42616 (67%), C. elegans ATCC 9245 (17%), C. elegans ATCC 36112 (22%), C. phaeospora ATCC 22110 (50%), F. moniliforme MRC-826 (33%) and F. solani 3179 (12%). F. oxysporum f. sp. pini produced phase I and phase II metabolites and thus is a suitable microbial model for protriptyline metabolism. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Duhart, BT Jr AU - Zhang, D AU - Deck, J AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, CCerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 733 EP - 746 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - metabolism KW - protriptyline KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Yeasts KW - Antidepressants KW - Fungi KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17351588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+protriptyline+by+filamentous+fungi+and+yeasts&rft.au=Duhart%2C+BT+Jr%3BZhang%2C+D%3BDeck%2C+J%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Duhart&rft.aufirst=BT&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Antidepressants; Yeasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-4 receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma tumors in xenograft model AN - 17304486; 4575207 AB - The elusive and enigmatic origin of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) makes it a complex tumor and therefore difficult to treat. Here we demonstrate that AIDS-KS cells express surface interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptors, and that IL-4 toxin (IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL) is specifically cytotoxic to these cells. Intratumoral, intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of IL-4 toxin in nude mice with established subcutaneous AIDS-KS tumors caused considerable antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner, with highest dose producing durable complete responses. Metabolic changes, including cachexia and lymphopenia, induced by KS tumors were prevented by IL-4 toxin treatment. This report establishes IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL as an experimental therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIDS-KS. JF - Nature Medicine AU - Husain AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Puri@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 817 EP - 822 VL - 5 IS - 7 SN - 1078-8956, 1078-8956 KW - interleukin 4 receptors KW - nude mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Cytotoxins KW - Toxins KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - Xenografts KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=Interleukin-4+receptor-directed+cytotoxin+therapy+of+AIDS-associated+Kaposi%27s+sarcoma+tumors+in+xenograft+model&rft.au=Husain%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BPastan%2C+I%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Medicine&rft.issn=10788956&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F10541 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenografts; Interleukin 4; Cytotoxins; Toxins; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Kaposi's sarcoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/10541 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in health and science technicians AN - 17295617; 4564697 AB - Nearly one million U.S. women are employed as health or science technicians with various chemical and biological exposures, but few studies have looked at their health outcomes. Using 1984-1995 mortality data with coded occupation information, we calculated race- and age-adjusted proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) and 95% confidence intervals for two age groups for black and white women with occupations of clinical laboratory (CLT), radiologic, and science technician. For CLTs, the PCMRs for breast cancer were borderline significantly elevated. The PCMRs for leukemia were significantly elevated, particularly for myeloid leukemia. Radiologic technicians had no significantly elevated PCMRs. Science technicians had significantly elevated PCMRs for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the younger age group. The elevated risks for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in CLTs and science technicians may be associated with occupational exposures. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Burnett, C AU - Robinson, C AU - Walker, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-18, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, CAB9@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 155 EP - 158 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - females KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Medical personnel KW - Multiple myeloma KW - Lymphoma KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Laboratories KW - Cancer KW - Females KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17295617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+health+and+science+technicians&rft.au=Burnett%2C+C%3BRobinson%2C+C%3BWalker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199907%2936%3A13.0.CO%3B2-Z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Women's health: Occupation, cancer and reproduction. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Mortality; Occupational exposure; Cancer; Lymphoma; Multiple myeloma; Laboratories; Females DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199907)36:1<155::AID-AJIM22>3.0.CO;2-Z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR-RFLP analysis of the coagulase gene of Staphylococcus aureus: Application to the differentiation of epidemic and sporadic methicillin-resistant strains AN - 17271028; 4587802 AB - Preventing cross-infection with epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) requires effective control measures. These call for simple, rapid, discriminatory and reproducible methods for typing this pathogen. In this study 140 isolates/strains from 105 hospitals in England and Wales, representing 72 diverse phage types, were analysed by bacteriophage typing and PCR coagulase (coa) gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Isolates gave a coa gene PCR product that was either 660 base pairs (bp), 603 bp or 547 bp in size. The PCR products were digested with Alu I and Cfo I, and the fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. Eight coa gene RFLP patterns, numbered 1 to 8, were observed. Pattern 3 was most common (N=25 isolates), followed by patterns 2 and 5 (18 isolates each), pattern 1 (14 isolates), pattern 4 (11 isolates), pattern 7 (10 isolates), pattern 8 (eight isolates) and pattern 6 (six isolates). Isolates of the same phage type often gave different coa gene RFLP patterns, and the patterns within the epidemic types EMRSA-03, EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 were heterogeneous. Thus, representatives of EMRSA-03 were subtyped to coa RFLP patterns 1 and 2, those of EMRSA-05 to coa RFLP patterns 1, 2, 7 and 8, and those for EMRSA-16 to coa RFLP patterns 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The range of patterns within single phage types of S. aureus could help to discriminate between isolates/strains, and in a hierarchical approach coa gene RFLP could occupy an intermediate position between phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). JF - Journal of Hospital Infection AU - Hookey, J V AU - Edwards, V AU - Cookson, B D AU - Richardson, J F AD - Molecular Biology Unit, Virus Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Service, Colindale, London NW9 5HT, UK Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0195-6701, 0195-6701 KW - Coagulase KW - coa gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phage typing KW - Methicillin KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17271028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.atitle=PCR-RFLP+analysis+of+the+coagulase+gene+of+Staphylococcus+aureus%3A+Application+to+the+differentiation+of+epidemic+and+sporadic+methicillin-resistant+strains&rft.au=Hookey%2C+J+V%3BEdwards%2C+V%3BCookson%2C+B+D%3BRichardson%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Hookey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.issn=01956701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Methicillin; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Phage typing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological Profile for Hexane AN - 14535295; 10581460 AB - Data depicting the environmental fate and toxicological characteristics of hexane are compiled. Health effects are examined by oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes, and cover systemic, immunological and lymphoreticular, neurological, reproductive, developmental, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and other facets of toxicokinetics are discussed, followed by analyses of mechanisms of action, relevance to public health, interactions with other chemicals, and methods for reducing toxic effects. The potential for human exposure is also considered, with reference to releases to the environment and general population and occupational exposures. JF - HHS Toxicological Profile for Hexane Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PETROLEUM PRODUCTS KW - POLLUTANT FATE KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY KW - DATA, CHEMICAL KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14535295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Hexane&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Profile+for+Hexane&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Hexane&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; DATA, CHEMICAL; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; PETROLEUM PRODUCTS; POLLUTANT FATE; PUBLIC HEALTH; PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological Profile for Aluminum (Update) AN - 14530246; 10579360 AB - Data on the toxicology and public health significance of exposure to aluminum are updated. Health effects are delineated in terms of inhalation, dermal, and oral exposure routes, and cover systemic, immunological and lymphoreticular, neurological, reproductive, developmental, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and other aspects of toxicokinetics are presented, followed by descriptions of mechanisms of action, biomarkers of exposure and effect, and interactions with other chemicals. The potential for human exposure is considered, with reference to releases to the environment and environmental fate, levels monitored or estimated in the environment, and general population and occupational exposures. JF - HHS Toxicological Profile for Aluminum (Update) Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB KW - Environment Abstracts KW - METAL CONCENTRATIONS KW - PATHOLOGY, HUMAN KW - POLLUTANT FATE KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - DATA, CHEMICAL KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - ALUMINUM KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14530246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Aluminum+%28Update%29&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Profile+for+Aluminum+%28Update%29&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Aluminum+%28Update%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; DATA, CHEMICAL; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; PATHOLOGY, HUMAN; POLLUTANT FATE; PUBLIC HEALTH; ALUMINUM; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of work-related asthma in selected U.S. states using surveillance guidelines for state health departments--California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey, 1993-1995. AN - 69917065; 10421216 AB - Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) are sentinel health events that indicate the need for preventive intervention. WRA includes new-onset asthma caused by workplace exposure to sensitizers or irritants and preexisting asthma exacerbated by workplace exposures. This report reviews cases of WRA identified by state health departments from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1995, as well as follow-up investigations of cases and associated workplaces conducted through June 30, 1998. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS: State-based surveillance and intervention programs for WRA are conducted in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) cooperative agreement program, initiated by CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). From 1993 through 1995, a total of 1,101 cases of WRA were identified by SENSOR surveillance staff members in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey. Of these 1,101 cases, 19.1% were classified as work-aggravated asthma, and 80.9% were classified as new-onset asthma. Objective evidence substantiating asthma work-relatedness was documented in the medical records of 3.4% of WRA cases identified in the two states (Michigan and New Jersey) where medical records are routinely reviewed for this information. Indoor air pollutants, dusts, cleaning materials, lubricants (e.g., metalworking fluids), and diisocyanates were among the most frequently reported causes of WRA. In addition, a well-recognized cause of occupational asthma - natural rubber latex - was identified in a new setting, the healthcare industry. The most common industries associated with WRA cases included transportation equipment manufacturing (19.3%), health services (14.2%), and educational services (8.7%). Air sampling for agents known to induce occupational asthma was performed in Michigan for comparison with established federal time-weighted average exposure limits. Sixteen (13.4%) of 119 workplaces tested had airborne concentrations exceeding NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs); 11 (9.1%) of 121 workplaces had concentrations exceeding permissible exposure limits (PELs) of the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA) program. The surveillance data findings confirm well-recognized causes of asthma and have identified new putative causes (e.g., cleaning materials and metalworking fluids). Because the surveillance program depends on physicians' recognizing asthma work-relatedness and reporting diagnosed cases, the data are considered an underestimate of the magnitude of the WRA problem. The data also indicate that physicians are not commonly performing objective physiologic tests to substantiate a WRA diagnosis. Workplace findings suggest a need to evaluate existing exposure standards for specific agents known to induce occupational asthma (e.g., diisocyanates). Case-based surveillance can help improve the recognition, control, and prevention of WRA. The SENSOR model also provides a mechanism for workers and physicians to request workplace investigations aimed at primary prevention for other workers. NIOSH and state health department representatives are working to establish a long-term agenda for state-based surveillance of work-related conditions and hazards. The results from the SENSOR WRA programs described in this report support inclusion of WRA as a priority condition warranting surveillance at the state level. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Jajosky, R A AU - Harrison, R AU - Reinisch, F AU - Flattery, J AU - Chan, J AU - Tumpowsky, C AU - Davis, L AU - Reilly, M J AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Kalinowski, D AU - Stanbury, M AU - Schill, D P AU - Wood, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 48 IS - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - State Government KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Public Health Administration KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- classification KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- classification KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69917065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+work-related+asthma+in+selected+U.S.+states+using+surveillance+guidelines+for+state+health+departments--California%2C+Massachusetts%2C+Michigan%2C+and+New+Jersey%2C+1993-1995.&rft.au=Jajosky%2C+R+A%3BHarrison%2C+R%3BReinisch%2C+F%3BFlattery%2C+J%3BChan%2C+J%3BTumpowsky%2C+C%3BDavis%2C+L%3BReilly%2C+M+J%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BKalinowski%2C+D%3BStanbury%2C+M%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BWood%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jajosky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1999 Sep 24;48(37):833 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of tetrandrine to differentiate between mechanisms involved in silica-versus bleomycin-induced fibrosis. AN - 69887654; 10406349 AB - Animals exposed to silica or bleomycin (BLM) develop pulmonary fibrosis. Tetrandrine (TT) has been shown to inhibit stimulant-induced macrophage respiratory burst and effectively reduce silica-induced lung injury. The present study employed TT as a probe to assess the differences in mechanisms involved in silica- and BLM-induced pulmonary responses. Rats received a single intratracheal instillation of silica (40 mg/rat, sacrificed 4 wk postexposure) or BLM (1 mg/kg or approximately 0.25 mg/rat, sacrificed up to 2 wk postexposure). TT was administered orally at 18 mg/kg, 3 times/wk for desired time periods beginning 5 d before silica or BLM exposure. Both the silica and BLM exposures resulted in a significant increase in lung weight, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phospholipids (PL) content in the acellular fluid from the first lavage, and hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue. Alveolar macrophages (AM) isolated from rats exposed to silica or BLM exhibited significant increases in secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). TT treatment significantly lowered the silica- or BLM-induced increase in lung weight, while marginally reducing the release of IL-1 and TNF-alpha by AM. TT, however, markedly inhibited the silica-induced increase in the acellular protein, LDH and PL, hydroxyproline content, and the production of TGF-beta by AM but had no marked effect on these same parameters in BLM-exposed rats. Histological examination of rats exposed to BLM for 14 d showed pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. TT treatment had only a small effect on limiting the extent of these lesions and did not significantly affect their severity. In summary, data indicate that many inflammatory and fibrotic effects of in vivo silica exposure are substantially attenuated by TT, whereas the stimulation by BLM is only marginally affected by this drug. Since TT acts to attenuate AM-mediated reactions, these results suggest that AM may play a pivotal role in silica-induced fibrotic development and may be less involved in the pathogenesis of BLM-induced fibrosis. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Ma, J Y AU - Barger, M W AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Castranova, V AU - Weber, S L AU - Ma, J K AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 247 EP - 266 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - Benzylisoquinolines KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Phospholipids KW - Proteins KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - tetrandrine KW - 29EX23D5AJ KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Hydroxyproline KW - RMB44WO89X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Time Factors KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyproline -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Hydroxyproline -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- drug effects KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - Cell Count -- drug effects KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- chemistry KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- metabolism KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- prevention & control KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69887654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Use+of+tetrandrine+to+differentiate+between+mechanisms+involved+in+silica-versus+bleomycin-induced+fibrosis.&rft.au=Ma%2C+J+Y%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BWeber%2C+S+L%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Employment of health professionals under the Indian Health Care Improvement Act T2 - IHS circ. no. 99-02 AN - 59806730; 2000-0100150 AB - Establishes Indian Health Service's (IHS) policy on the competitive employment placement of health professionals who have incurred service obligations as a result of their participation in the IHS Scholarship Program (IHSSP); US. JF - United States Indian Health Service, June 18 1999. Y1 - 1999/06/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 18 PB - United States Indian Health Service KW - Scholarships and fellowships -- United States KW - Medical workers -- United States KW - United States -- Indian health service KW - Employment -- Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59806730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Employment+of+health+professionals+under+the+Indian+Health+Care+Improvement+Act&rft.title=Employment+of+health+professionals+under+the+Indian+Health+Care+Improvement+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ihs.gov/publicinfo/publications/ihsmanual/Circulars/Circ99/9902.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Indian Health Service N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of hard metal on nitric oxide pathways and airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. AN - 69835400; 10373402 AB - To examine whether the development of hard metal (HM)-induced occupational asthma and interstitial lung disease involves alterations in nitric oxide (NO) pathways, we examined the effects of an industrial HM mixture on NO production, interactions between HM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NO pathways, and alterations in airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. HM (2.5 to 5 mg/100 g intratracheal) increased NO synthase (NOS; EC 1.14.23) activity of rat lungs at 24 h without increasing inducible NOS (iNOS) or endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA abundance or iNOS, eNOS, or brain NOS (bNOS) proteins. The increase in NOS activity correlated with the appearance histologically of nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) caused up-regulation of iNOS activity, mRNA, and protein at 8 h but not at 24 h. HM at 2.5 mg/100 g, but not at 5 mg/100 g, potentiated the LPS-induced increase in NOS activity, iNOS mRNA, and protein. However, HM decreased eNOS activity at 8 h and eNOS protein at 24 h. Whole body plethysmography on conscious animals revealed that HM caused basal airway obstruction and a marked hyporeactivity to inhaled methacholine by 6-8 h, which intensified over 30-32 h. HM-treatment caused protein leakage into the alveolar space, and edema, fibrin formation, and an increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and in the bronchoalveolar lavage. These results suggest that a HM-induced increase in NO production by pulmonary inflammatory cells is associated with pulmonary airflow abnormalities in rat lungs. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Kommineni, C AU - Jones, J A AU - Fedan, J S AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. gammada5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 15 SP - 178 EP - 191 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - Metals KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Suspensions KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Cobalt KW - 3G0H8C9362 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Tungsten KW - V9306CXO6G KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Cobalt -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Plethysmography, Whole Body KW - Tungsten -- toxicity KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Methacholine Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69835400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+hard+metal+on+nitric+oxide+pathways+and+airway+reactivity+to+methacholine+in+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+A%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BJones%2C+J+A%3BFedan%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-15&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (SECOND DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JULY 1995). AN - 36418936; 7479 AB - PURPOSE: The revision of planning provisions for the northwest sector of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus, located in Bethesda in central Maryland, is proposed. This second draft supplement to the final EIS of 1996, which due to an error by the National Institutes of Health, was not properly filed with the Environmental Protection Agency, addresses the establishment of a master plan to guide and coordinate physical development of buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years. The master plan would be developed in response to projected NIH administrative, research, and infrastructure support needs, and not commit NIH to any of the projects. The implementation of any project in the master plan is dependent on Congressional funding. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS. The implementation of the master plan, as described in the final EIS, would provide guidance for up to 14 new laboratory buildings for intramural research; a complete upgrading and modernization of power plants and other support utilities and infrastructure; the replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; the consolidation of surface parking into multiple level and underground parking structures; the construction of a Loop Road, with emphasis placed on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use in the central core area of the campus; a physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level, and protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures; the construction of a 250-bed clinical center inpatient hospital; the construction of stormwater management facilities that would meet state standards; the construction of expanded child daycare facilities for employees, small scale retail service, and other employee amenities; and the establishment of a natural zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer adjoining residential neighborhoods from NIH facilities and activities. This supplement addresses revisions to the plan required due to the construction of the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center and the need to re-route Center Drive, which would displace sites for several structures proposed in the 1995 master plan. Twelve alternative sites were studied for their compliance with master plan criteria, these alternatives being narrowed to five sites in the northwest quadrant for the five facilities under consideration. The five facilities to be affected would include a day care center, a Potomac Electric Power Company substation, a fire station and potential public safety annex, a guest house, and a parking structure. With the exception of the substation, the construction of these facilities was addressed in the final EIS; however, the siting of each facility, discussed in this supplement, has changed. The impacts would be largely the same as those described in the final EIS. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The master plan activities would meet current and projected NIH laboratory and clinical center needs, increase the capability to install advanced equipment for patient care, and increase administrative efficiency. Employment would expand to 18,000 jobs by the year 2015, representing an increase of 1,675 jobs over that projected under the No Action Alternative. Occupiable building space would increase from 7.0 million gross square feet (mgsf) to 7.4 mgsf by 2000 and to 10.0 mgsf by 2015. The land use and socioeconomic impacts would be consistent with local central business district development plans, and traffic congestion impacts would not depart significantly from those under the No Action Alternative. The substation would provide more flexibility and redundancy in supplying electrical energy to the campus. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, as described in the final EIS, peak electric power demand would increase from 66,000 kilowatts (kW) to 108,000 kW, and peak water demand would increase from 6,000 to 9,350 gallons per minute; significant increases in would also occur for sanitary sewer flows, and in demand for steam, chilled water, and natural gas. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952, as amended (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft supplement to the draft EIS, see 95-0387D, Volume 19, Number 4. For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 93-0454D, Volume 17, Number 6. JF - EPA number: 990209, Draft Supplemental EIS--23 pages, Amendment to Master Plan--20 pages, Final EIS (Volume I)--332 pages, Final EIS (Volume II)--160 pages, June 3, 1999 PY - 1999 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Drainage KW - Electric Power KW - Employment KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Hospitals KW - Housing KW - Land Use KW - Natural Gas KW - Power Plants KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Sewers KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Supply KW - Maryland KW - National Institutes of Health, Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, as amended, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36418936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28SECOND+DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28SECOND+DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Facilities Planning and Programming Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: June 3, 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low frequency of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism as revealed by a one-step polymerase chain reaction method. AN - 70003851; 10471064 AB - Human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) has been shown to metabolically activate carcinogens and mutagens. Genetic polymorphisms for CYP2A6 have been reported previously in different ethnic groups using a two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify CYP2A6*1, CYP2A6*2 and CYP2A6*3. Moreover, a new truncated allele has been recently identified in a Japanese population. We report here a one-step PCR amplification of the CYP2A6 gene from human genomic DNA and the detection of intact CYP2A6 alleles by restriction enzyme digestion. The diagnostic exon (exon 3) of the CYP2A6 gene was amplified from human genomic DNA with a primer pair. The forward primer is unique to the CYP2A6 gene, which eliminates previous problems in amplifying two highly homologous CYP2A genes, CYP2A7 and CYP2A13, in humans. The resulting PCR products (214 bp) were digested with XcmI or DdeI to detect the presence of CYP2A6*2 or CYP2A6*3 alleles, respectively. The allelic frequencies for CYP2A6*2 were 2.3% (n = 320) in the Caucasian and 0.7% (n = 71) in the Chinese populations, respectively. CYP2A6*3 allelic frequency in the Chinese population was 0.7%; while no CYP2A6*3 allele was detected in the Caucasian population. The allelic frequencies are relatively low and the reason for this discrepancy between different methods is discussed. JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - Chen, G F AU - Tang, Y M AU - Green, B AU - Lin, D X AU - Guengerich, F P AU - Daly, A K AU - Caporaso, N E AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 327 EP - 332 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - CYP2A6 protein, human KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Introns KW - Gene Frequency KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70003851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Low+frequency+of+CYP2A6+gene+polymorphism+as+revealed+by+a+one-step+polymerase+chain+reaction+method.&rft.au=Chen%2C+G+F%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BGreen%2C+B%3BLin%2C+D+X%3BGuengerich%2C+F+P%3BDaly%2C+A+K%3BCaporaso%2C+N+E%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine fumigation: a greenhouse application. AN - 69931614; 10429727 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Krake, A M AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Nicotine -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Ventilation -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69931614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Nicotine+fumigation%3A+a+greenhouse+application.&rft.au=Krake%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal spores: hazardous to health? AN - 69931159; 10423389 AB - Fungi have long been known to affect human well being in various ways, including disease of essential crop plants, decay of stored foods with possible concomitant production of mycotoxins, superficial and systemic infection of human tissues, and disease associated with immune stimulation such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and toxic pneumonitis. The spores of a large number of important fungi are less than 5 microm aerodynamic diameter, and therefore are able to enter the lungs. They also may contain significant amounts of mycotoxins. Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores include toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tremors, chronic fatigue syndrome, kidney failure, and cancer. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Sorenson, W G AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. wgs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 469 EP - 472 VL - 107 Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Spores, Fungal -- pathogenicity KW - Spores, Fungal -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69931159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Fungal+spores%3A+hazardous+to+health%3F&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Res. 1985 Dec;38(2):407-16 [2415351] Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984 Sep;73(5):584-8 [6485774] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Apr;66:45-53 [2423320] Int J Immunopharmacol. 1986;8(7):789-97 [2430903] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987 Feb;8(2):230-5 [3556834] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jun;53(6):1370-5 [3496850] Br J Cancer. 1988 Sep;58(3):392-6 [3179193] Infect Immun. 1989 Jul;57(7):2260-4 [2499548] J Med Vet Mycol. 1989;27(1):45-50 [2474066] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Nov;140(5):1363-7 [2817598] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1989 Mar;43(1):7-14 [2592894] Appl Microbiol. 1968 Aug;16(8):1251-2 [5675513] Br Med J. 1976 Mar 20;1(6011):691 [175881] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Nov;55(11):2856-60 [2483040] Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990 Jul;68(7):1009-16 [2200583] Mycopathologia. 1990 Dec;112(3):139-45 [2089255] Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Jul 15;134(2):196-203 [1862803] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Dec;17(6):436-40 [1788537] Mycopathologia. 1991 Dec;116(3):203-8 [1724551] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Jun;13(6):1031-3 [1600607] J Med Vet Mycol. 1992;30 Suppl 1:9-18 [1474464] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 Dec 15;100(1-3):337-43 [1478468] Mycopathologia. 1992 Nov;120(2):121-7 [1336129] Nephron. 1993;64(4):621-5 [8366990] Can J Neurol Sci. 1993 Aug;20(3):237-9 [8221391] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):198-205 [8171428] Nat Toxins. 1995;3(1):10-6 [7749577] Eur J Pediatr. 1995 Dec;154(12):994-5 [8801109] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):207-18 [8738349] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Feb;35(2):182-8 [9038239] Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Feb;26(1):120-5 [9126511] Mycoses. 1997;40 Suppl 1:110-4 [9417508] J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Mar;40(3):241-9 [9531095] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Aug;152(8):757-62 [9701134] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3620-5 [9758776] Ann Intern Med. 1976 Aug;85(2):204-5 [942142] Immunology. 1979 Jan;36(1):111-7 [369993] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1979 Mar;160(3):302-11 [311923] Mykosen. 1980 Mar;23(3):130-3 [7191050] Can J Microbiol. 1983 Jan;29(1):1-5 [6403210] Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17 [6857273] Environ Res. 1983 Dec;32(2):269-85 [6641665] Environ Res. 1984 Feb;33(1):246-60 [6363056] Food Chem Toxicol. 1984 Jan;22(1):39-43 [6537935] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Apr;66:105-8 [3709472] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response trend tests for tumorigenesis, adjusted for body weight. AN - 69914050; 10416278 AB - Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between rodent body weight and tumor incidence for some tissue/organ sites. It is not uncommon for a chemical tested for carcinogenicity to also affect body weight. In such cases, comparisons of tumor incidence may be biased by body-weight differences across dose groups. A simple procedure was investigated for reducing this bias. This procedure divides the animals into a few groups based on body weight. Body weight at 12 months was used, before the appearance of a tumor was likely to affect body weight. Statistics for dose-response trend tests are calculated within body weight strata and pooled to obtain an overall dose-response trend test. This procedure is analogous to that currently used, of stratifying animals, based on their age at the time of removal from a study. Age stratification is used to account for differences in animal age across dose groups, which can affect comparisons of tumor incidence. Several examples were investigated where the high-dose group had reduced body weights and associated reductions in tumor incidence. When the data were analyzed by body-weight strata, some positive dose-response trends for tumor incidence were demonstrated. In one case, the weight-adjusted analysis indicated that a negative dose-response trend in tumor incidence was a real effect, in addition to a body weight reduction. These examples indicate that it is important to consider the effects of body weight changes as low as 10%, and perhaps below, that were caused by chemicals in 2-year bioassays for carcinogenesis. The simple procedure of analyzing tumor incidence within body-weight strata can reduce the bias introduced by weight differences across dose groups. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 318 EP - 323 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Anisoles KW - 0 KW - Nitrobenzoates KW - Doxylamine KW - 95QB77JKPL KW - 4-nitrobenzoic acid KW - G83NWR61OW KW - doxylamine succinate KW - V9BI9B5YI2 KW - 2-nitroanisole KW - ZRE7HLZ17K KW - Index Medicus KW - Doxylamine -- toxicity KW - Age Factors KW - Nitrobenzoates -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Doxylamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Anisoles -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Body Weight KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69914050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+trend+tests+for+tumorigenesis%2C+adjusted+for+body+weight.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The duration of non-rodent toxicity studies for pharmaceuticals. International Conference on Harmonication (ICH). AN - 69911933; 10416259 AB - At the present time, there are no uniform standards for the duration of non-rodent chronic toxicity studies. The European Union (EU) requires a 6-month non-rodent study. In Japan, a 6-month study is sufficient for most, but not all, compounds. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains its standard duration of 12 months for non-rodents, with 6-month studies accepted for some clinical indications on a case-by-case basis. To achieve harmonization on the duration of non-rodent toxicity studies, each member regulatory region (EU, U.S., and Japan) of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) collected non-rodent studies with significant new toxicological findings that had occurred after 6 months. An ICH expert working group was organized that included representatives from the regulatory authorities of each ICH region, to jointly review all available case studies for the purpose of arriving at a consensus on the best duration time for non-rodent toxicity studies. Eighteen case studies were identified and evaluated (16 original cases plus 2 additional FDA cases); most of the toxicities identified fell into the following categories: (1) toxicities identified at 6 months; (2) toxicities observed at 12 months, which were absent or considered isolated and not noteworthy findings at 6 months; (3) drug-related deaths or morbidity that occurred between 6 and 12 months, with a pattern of toxicity that permitted the interpolation of findings to an intermediate interval between 6 and 12 months; and (4) a shift in the dose response for toxicity with increasing duration of drug exposure. Of the 18 cases evaluated, 11 supported a study-duration of 9-12 months, 4 supported a duration of 12 months, and the 3 remaining cases indicated that a 6-month study would be adequate. The working group concluded that there was sufficient evidence to support a harmonized 9-month duration for non-rodent toxicity studies, which would be applicable for most categories of pharmaceuticals. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Meyers, L L AU - Takahashi, M AU - Contrera, J F AD - FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Review Management, Rockville, MD 28057, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 143 EP - 155 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Animals KW - International Cooperation KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Europe KW - Time Factors KW - Japan KW - Toxicity Tests KW - International Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69911933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+duration+of+non-rodent+toxicity+studies+for+pharmaceuticals.+International+Conference+on+Harmonication+%28ICH%29.&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BMeyers%2C+L+L%3BTakahashi%2C+M%3BContrera%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of veterinary drug residues in food for their potential to affect human intestinal microflora. AN - 69866343; 10388611 AB - The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may result in trace quantities of the drugs or their metabolites being present as residues in food. The effects of veterinary drugs intended for use in food-producing animals on intestinal microflora are evaluated in drug registration since these residues may pose a risk due to their antibiotic activity. This article reviews the different in vivo and in vitro experimental test systems and approaches used by animal health industries, contract laboratories, and regulatory authorities to assess the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods for human consumption. Furthermore, we propose a systematic approach to assess the effects and safety of veterinary drug residues on the human intestinal microflora. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Cerniglia, C E AU - Kotarski, S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA. CCerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 238 EP - 261 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Veterinary Drugs -- toxicity KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69866343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+veterinary+drug+residues+in+food+for+their+potential+to+affect+human+intestinal+microflora.&rft.au=Cerniglia%2C+C+E%3BKotarski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cerniglia&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl-C8-deoxyguanosyl DNA adducts produced in vitro and in vivo using HPLC-ES-MS. AN - 69806827; 10357788 AB - Electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) is a powerful tool for analysis of carcinogen-adducted DNA. In this study, we developed a quantitative isotope dilution method for analysis of N-(deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP), the principal nucleoside adduct derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP)-modified DNA. The method used column switching valves to perform on-line sample concentration and cleanup, which permitted direct analysis of enzymatic DNA hydrolysates using narrow-bore liquid chromatography (LC). ES-MS detection was performed using a single quadrupole instrument by monitoring M+H+ and two fragment ions characteristic for dG-C8-4-ABP, along with M+H+ and a fragment ion for the deuterated internal standard. The detection limit for dG-C8-4-ABP in DNA hydrolysates was approximately 10 pg on-column, equivalent to 0.7 dG-C8-4-ABP adducts in 10(7) normal nucleotides for a sample containing 100 microg DNA. The method was applied to the analysis of calf thymus DNA modified in vitro through reaction with N-hydroxy-4-ABP and of hepatic DNA isolated from mice treated in vivo with two dose levels of 4-ABP. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Marques, M M AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA and Instituto Superior Tecnico, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1055 EP - 1061 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 86408-34-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Mice KW - Male KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Deoxyguanosine -- pharmacology KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69806827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+4-aminobiphenyl-C8-deoxyguanosyl+DNA+adducts+produced+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+using+HPLC-ES-MS.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BMarques%2C+M+M%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1055&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 cells following exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. AN - 69806528; 10357783 AB - To determine whether there is a biological basis for epidemiological studies which suggest an association between exposure to magnetic fields and cancer, we have attempted to replicate earlier findings on cellular enzymes related to cell proliferation. Here we report on an effort to replicate the doubling of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in L929 murine fibroblasts following exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields reported by Litovitz et al. Efforts were made to reproduce the methods and exposure conditions used by the original investigators. Positive controls showed that our assay system responded to other known stimuli of ODC activity. We extended the previously reported investigations by testing a number of exposure conditions and other associated variables. Initial results suggested that cells exposed in the original investigators' laboratory demonstrated an enhanced enzyme activity, whereas cells exposed in our laboratory did not. Experiments in our laboratory using the most important elements of the original investigators' exposure system did not demonstrate any enhancement of ODC activity. Finally, a series of magnetic field exposure and sham exposure experiments conducted in the original investigators' laboratory failed to demonstrate an effect of magnetic fields on ODC activity. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Cress, L W AU - Owen, R D AU - Desta, A B AD - FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-114), 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. lwc@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1025 EP - 1030 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Electromagnetic Fields UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69806528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Ornithine+decarboxylase+activity+in+L929+cells+following+exposure+to+60+Hz+magnetic+fields.&rft.au=Cress%2C+L+W%3BOwen%2C+R+D%3BDesta%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Cress&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of bronchial bulky DNA adduct levels and CYP2C9, GSTP1 and NQO1 genotypes in a Hungarian study population with pulmonary diseases. AN - 69805144; 10357778 AB - Carcinogen-DNA adducts may represent an intermediate end-point in the carcinogenic cascade and may reflect exposure to chemical carcinogens, as well as susceptibility and, ultimately, cancer risk. Interindividual variability in activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to mutagenic diol epoxides may predict adduct levels and, indirectly, lung cancer risk. Using 32P-postlabeling methods, the levels of bulky DNA adducts were determined in macroscopically normal bronchial tissues obtained from resected lobes of 143 Hungarian patients with lung malignancy and other pulmonary conditions. DNA from normal tissue was also evaluated for polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) at two sites, codons 144 (Arg/Cys) and 359 (Ile/Leu), for glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) at codon 105 and for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) at codon 187 (Pro/Ser). Using the Mann-Whitney U-test and analysis of variance, levels of adducts were evaluated in relation to variant genotypes, separately for smokers and non-smokers. As previously reported, bulky DNA adduct levels in smokers (n = 104) were estimated to be 54% higher than in non-smokers (n = 39) (8.6 +/- 4.2 versus 5.6 +/- 3.3 per 10(8) nucleotides, respectively, P < 0.01). Adduct levels were 16-29% higher in individuals with the homozygous Ile359/Ile359 CYP2C9 allele than in those heterozygous for the variant allele (Ile359/Leu359) [8.8 +/- 4.3 (n = 84) versus 7.6 +/- 3.5 (n = 20) for smokers and 5.8 +/- 3.5 (n = 32) versus 4.5 +/- 1.3 (n = 7) for non-smokers], although differences were not statistically significant. There were no clear differences in adduct levels in relation to genotypes of NQO1 or GSTP1. Although numbers of patients in this study are large in relation to many studies of carcinogen-DNA adducts, it is still possible that significant differences were not noted for polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes due to relatively small numbers in stratified data. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ozawa, S AU - Schoket, B AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Tang, Y M AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Kostic, S AU - Vincze, I AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 991 EP - 995 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Steroid Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.- KW - CYP2C9 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) KW - EC 1.6.5.2 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hungary KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) -- genetics KW - Lung Diseases -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Steroid Hydroxylases -- genetics KW - Lung Diseases -- ethnology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69805144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Analyses+of+bronchial+bulky+DNA+adduct+levels+and+CYP2C9%2C+GSTP1+and+NQO1+genotypes+in+a+Hungarian+study+population+with+pulmonary+diseases.&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+S%3BSchoket%2C+B%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BAmbrosone%2C+C+B%3BKostic%2C+S%3BVincze%2C+I%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Ozawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nylon flock-associated interstitial lung disease. AN - 69794595; 10351952 AB - A work-related interstitial lung disease has been diagnosed in workers at five nylon flock facilities in three different states and a Canadian province. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health hosted a workshop at which consulting pulmonary pathologists reviewed lung tissue samples from all the cases for which lung biopsy material was available (15 of 20 cases known in January 1998). After independent review and scoring of these lung tissue specimens, the pathologists reached consensus that the histopathological findings revealed a characteristic lesion-a lymphocytic bronchiolitis and peribronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia represented by lymphoid aggregates. The pathologists noted that the pathological findings were distinctive when compared with known lung conditions. The clinical presentation for the cases generally included cough, dyspnea, restrictive ventilatory defect with reduction in diffusing capacity, and interstitial markings on chest radiographs or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. Six of the cases improved after removal from workplace exposure without medical treatment. Six others, who had recovered with medical treatment and removal from the workplace, had relapses in both symptoms and objective findings after attempting to return to nylon flock work. With this and other evidence supporting the existence of chronic interstitial pneumonitis associated with nylon flock processing, workshop participants recommended surveillance for early identification of affected workers and their removal from further workplace exposure. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Eschenbacher, W L AU - Kreiss, K AU - Lougheed, M D AU - Pransky, G S AU - Day, B AU - Castellan, R M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 2003 EP - 2008 VL - 159 IS - 6 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Nylons KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Radiography, Thoracic KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- pathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnostic imaging KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- diagnostic imaging KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- pathology KW - Nylons -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69794595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Nylon+flock-associated+interstitial+lung+disease.&rft.au=Eschenbacher%2C+W+L%3BKreiss%2C+K%3BLougheed%2C+M+D%3BPransky%2C+G+S%3BDay%2C+B%3BCastellan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Eschenbacher&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A unified approach to risk characterization. AN - 69499604; 11202999 JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AU - Krewski, D AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1999 SP - 575 EP - 578 VL - 11 IS - 6-7 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Risk Assessment -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69499604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=A+unified+approach+to+risk+characterization.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BKrewski%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of some common solvents from protective clothing breakthrough indicator pads by microwave-solvent extraction and gas chromatography. AN - 69462592; 10736878 AB - The efficiency of solvent adsorption using Permea-Tec general solvent pads, used for the detection of chemical breakthrough of protective clothing, was determined for methanol, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, trichloroethylene (TriCE), tetrachloroethylene (TetCE), toluene, m-xylene, and D-limonene. Known volumes of single or mixed solvents were added to pads in the range 0.2-5.0 microliters (0.16-8.13 micrograms). After microwave-solvent extraction (ME) into hexan-1-ol, the samples (0.5-3.0 microliters) of the filtered and extracted solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography. All solvents exhibited > 97% adsorption on the pads at spiking levels of 0.48-0.98 microgram for each solvent. The solvent recovery for the system was calculated for each solvent, with solvents with boiling points below 110 degrees C showing recoveries of > 90%, and with solvents with boiling points above 110 degrees C showing recoveries from 80 to 90%. The recovery precision was good (RSD < or = 4%) for all solvents over the range 1.0-2.5 microliters of applied solvents to pads for ME and 1.0 microliter of extracted solutions for GC analysis. JF - The Analyst AU - Vo, E AU - Berardinelli, S P AU - Hall, R C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 941 EP - 944 VL - 124 IS - 6 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Microwaves KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Protective Clothing KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Solvents -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69462592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+some+common+solvents+from+protective+clothing+breakthrough+indicator+pads+by+microwave-solvent+extraction+and+gas+chromatography.&rft.au=Vo%2C+E%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P%3BHall%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An oligonucleotide-ligation assay for the differentiation between Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. polymerase chain reaction amplification products AN - 17424198; 4638895 AB - An oligonucleotide-ligation assay (OLA) was developed and compared to a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) test for distinguishing between 294-bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products of the 18S rRNA gene from Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. The PCR/OLA correctly distinguished between three Cyclospora, three E. tenella, and one E. mitis strains and the ratio of positive to negative spectrophotometric absorbance (A sub(490)) values for each strain ranged from 4.086 to 15.280 (median 9.5). PCR/OLA provides a rapid, reliable, spectrophotometric alternative to PCR/RFLP. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Wetherington, J H AU - Hill, W E AU - Omiescinski, C J AU - Adams, A M AU - Johnson, J M AU - Tenge, B J AU - Dang, N-L AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Products Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA 98041, USA, kjinnema@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 682 EP - 685 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - oligonucleotide-ligation assay KW - oligonucleotides KW - rRNA 18S KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Cyclospora KW - Spectroscopy KW - Eimeria KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Taxonomy KW - K 03004:Protozoa KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17424198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=An+oligonucleotide-ligation+assay+for+the+differentiation+between+Cyclospora+and+Eimeria+spp.+polymerase+chain+reaction+amplification+products&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+K+C%3BWetherington%2C+J+H%3BHill%2C+W+E%3BOmiescinski%2C+C+J%3BAdams%2C+A+M%3BJohnson%2C+J+M%3BTenge%2C+B+J%3BDang%2C+N-L%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclospora; Eimeria; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Spectroscopy; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forum. The duration of non-rodent toxicity studies for pharmaceuticals AN - 17383247; 4605575 AB - At the present time, there are no uniform standards for the duration of non-rodent chronic toxicity studies. The European Union (EU) requires a 6-month non-rodent study. In Japan, a 6-month study is sufficient for most, but not all, compounds. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains its standard duration of 12 months for non-rodents, with 6-month studies accepted for some clinical indications on a case-by-case basis. To achieve harmonization on the duration of non-rodent toxicity studies, each member regulatory region (EU, U.S., and Japan) of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) collected non-rodent studies with significant new toxicological findings that had occurred after 6 months. An ICH expert working group was organized that included representatives from the regulatory authorities of each ICH region, to jointly review all available case studies for the purpose of arriving at a consensus on the best duration time for non-rodent toxicity studies. Eighteen case studies were identified and evaluated (16 original cases plus 2 additional FDA cases); most of the toxicities identified fell into the following categories: (1) toxicities identified at 6 months; (2) toxicities observed at 12 months, which were absent or considered isolated and not noteworthy findings at 6 months; (3) drug-related deaths or morbidity that occurred between 6 and 12 months, with a pattern of toxicity that permitted the interpolation of findings to an intermediate interval between 6 and 12 months; and (4) to a shift in the dose response for toxicity with increasing duration of drug exposure. Of the 18 cases evaluated, 11 supported a study-duration of 9-12 months, 4 supported a duration of 12 months, and the 3 remaining cases indicated that a 6-month study would be adequate. The working group concluded that there was sufficient evidence to support a harmonized 9-month duration for non-rodent toxicity studies, which would be applicable for most categories of pharmaceuticals. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Meyers, L L AU - Takahashi, M AU - Contrera, J F AD - Testing and Research, (HFD-901), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 28057, USA, contrerajf@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 143 EP - 155 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - rodents KW - harmonization KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - International cooperation KW - Chronic toxicity KW - Animal models KW - Laboratory animals KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17383247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Forum.+The+duration+of+non-rodent+toxicity+studies+for+pharmaceuticals&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BMeyers%2C+L+L%3BTakahashi%2C+M%3BContrera%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Laboratory animals; Pharmaceuticals; Toxicity testing; International cooperation; Animal models; Chronic toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidase-Based DDT-Pyrethroid Cross-Resistance in Guatemalan Anopheles albimanus AN - 17365599; 4568457 AB - An oxidase resistance mechanism producing DDT-pyrethroid cross-resistance has been identified in an isofemale line of Guatemalan Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann through application of bottle bioassays and biochemical analysis. The resistance is fully synergized by piperonyl butoxide. Oxidase resistance in individuals may be detected and levels measured using a microplate assay. Only adult female mosquitoes express the oxidase mechanism. In the parent strain, an additional pyrethroid resistance mechanism, an elevated esterase, coexists with the oxidase. Mosquitoes with the oxidase resistance show induction by phenobarbital and sublethal pyrethroid exposure. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Brogdon, W G AU - Mcallister, J C AU - Corwin, A M AU - Cordon-Rosales, C AD - Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, 30341, Georgia Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 101 EP - 111 PB - Academic Press VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Anopheles albimanus KW - oxidase KW - pyrethroids KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Environmental health KW - Pyrethroids KW - Insecta KW - Testing Procedures KW - Water Quality KW - Culicidae KW - Toxicity KW - Pesticide resistance KW - Bioassays KW - DDT KW - Pesticides KW - Toxicity testing KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17365599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=Oxidase-Based+DDT-Pyrethroid+Cross-Resistance+in+Guatemalan+Anopheles+albimanus&rft.au=Brogdon%2C+W+G%3BMcallister%2C+J+C%3BCorwin%2C+A+M%3BCordon-Rosales%2C+C&rft.aulast=Brogdon&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpest.1999.2415 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culicidae; Anopheles albimanus; Mosquitoes; Toxicity; Pesticides; Testing Procedures; Water Quality; DDT; Biochemistry; Pyrethroids; Bioassays; Insecta; Environmental health; Toxicity testing; Pesticide resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1999.2415 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Vibrio fluvialis implicated in recent outbreaks among American lobsters AN - 17342003; 4621116 AB - An unexplained, highly invasive disease has emerged in Homarus americanus (American lobsters) harvested from Atlantic coastal waters. Economic losses exceeding $2.5 million threaten the $136 million-a-year industry. Gram-negative bacilli were observed in hemolymph samples from diseased lobsters; results from antibiotic therapy studies showed that enrofloxicin was highly effective (100% survival) in abating illness in naturally diseased lobsters and lobsters experimentally infected with hemolymph from diseased animals. Culture of hemolymph samples from 5 of 6 diseased lobsters yielded bacteria, of which Vibrio fluvialis (Vf) was the predominant microorganism. The isolates were highly susceptible to a variety of antibiotics tested. PFGE analysis showed that most of the isolates either shared a common DNA fingerprint or possessed minor variants thereof; two could not be typed. Seven isolates possessed plasmids. A sheep hemagglutinin was found to be expressed by 93% of the isolates. This suggests the presence of cell-associated proteases or adherence factors. Invasion studies using Atlantic menhaden liver cells demonstrated that the Vf strains were capable of invasion, irrespective of plasmid presence. Our results indicate that this illness was likely caused by a cohort of highly related, invasive Vf strains that expressed a sheep hemagglutinin. The emergence of this pathogen, capable of infecting fish and humans, and reported now for the first time in Crustacea poses a significant health and economic threat that merits additional studies. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Tall, B D AU - Crosby, M AU - Prince, D AU - Becker, J AU - Clerge, G AU - Lightner, D AU - Mohney, L AU - Dey, M AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Lampel, KA AU - Bier, J W AU - Eribo, B E AU - Bayer, R Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2 EP - 326 PB - National Shellfisheries Association KW - American lobster KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Vibrio fluvialis KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Public health KW - Virulence KW - DNA KW - ANW, Atlantic KW - Lobster fisheries KW - Seafood KW - Homarus americanus KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17342003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Tall%2C+B+D%3BCrosby%2C+M%3BPrince%2C+D%3BBecker%2C+J%3BClerge%2C+G%3BLightner%2C+D%3BMohney%2C+L%3BDey%2C+M%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M%3BLampel%2C+KA%3BBier%2C+J+W%3BEribo%2C+B+E%3BBayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Vibrio+fluvialis+implicated+in+recent+outbreaks+among+American+lobsters&rft.title=Vibrio+fluvialis+implicated+in+recent+outbreaks+among+American+lobsters&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstracts Only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aedes albopictus in the United States: Current status and prospects for further spread AN - 17332961; 4608570 AB - Since its initial discovery in the continental USA in 1985, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has spread rapidly throughout the eastern part of the country. Infestations of Ae. albopictus now have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 919 counties in 26 states in the continental USA. This species is believed to be established in 911 counties in 25 states. Single individuals or small numbers of Ae. albopictus have been intercepted and destroyed in 3 additional states (California, New Mexico, and Washington). Five states (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee) have reported infestations in all of their counties. The current reported distribution of Ae. albopictus was compared to ecoregions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Level III ecoregion map. Several areas are identified as probable candidates for extension of this species based on ecological characteristics of the landscape. In other areas, populations seem likely to become locally abundant in urban or suburban oases that do not reflect the native ecology of the region. The ability of Ae. albopictus to transmit a variety of pathogens of human and veterinary public health importance, coupled with its ability to colonize diverse ecological settings makes continued surveillance an important issue. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Moore, C G AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Diptera KW - Forest day mosquito KW - Mosquitoes KW - USA KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological vectors KW - Range extension KW - Geographical distribution KW - Culicidae KW - Aedes albopictus KW - Disease transmission KW - Pest status KW - Introduced species KW - Dispersion KW - Q1 08302:Geographical distribution KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Z 05229:Nearctic region UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17332961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Aedes+albopictus+in+the+United+States%3A+Current+status+and+prospects+for+further+spread&rft.au=Moore%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Geographical distribution; Introduced species; Dispersion; Disease transmission; Range extension; Pest status; Culicidae; Aedes albopictus; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced respiratory illness during the repair of a portland cement kiln AN - 17319438; 4586377 AB - Workers at a portland cement plant had experienced acute respiratory and eye irritation when performing maintenance inside a kiln. These episodes were associated with a bleach-like odor, which was only reported during maintenance operations. An industrial hygiene investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the illness. While workers replaced refractory brick inside the kiln, air samples were collected for chlorine, sulfur dioxide, inorganic acid, ozone, and dust. After the rebricking was completed and all the workers had exited the kiln, its electrostatic precipitator was reduced to half power and the induced-draft (ID) fan was turned off to recreate conditions present during illness episodes. Chlorine, inorganic acid, and ozone were not detected, and only trace concentrations of sulfur dioxide were detected while workers were inside the kiln. However, when conditions present during previous episodes were recreated, the bleach-like odor was soon evident. Chlorine was not detected, but 0.09 to 0.11 ppm of ozone was measured at the discharge end of the kiln, and 4.5 ppm was measured at the inlet end. Within a half hour after the electrostatic precipitator was turned off and the ID fan was turned on, the ozone concentrations decreased to background levels of 0.02--0.03 ppm. Somewhat lower ozone exposures may have occurred during previous kiln maintenance operations due to more open access portals, but previous episodes of eye and respiratory irritation were probably caused when ozone, generated by the electrostatic precipitator, back-drafted into the kiln after the ID fan was turned off. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Almaguer, D AU - Kirk, LH III AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, wts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 227 EP - 232 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - cement industry KW - kilns KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Industrial plants KW - Electrostatic precipitators KW - Odors KW - Maintenance KW - Hazardous materials KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17319438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+respiratory+illness+during+the+repair+of+a+portland+cement+kiln&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BAlmaguer%2C+D%3BKirk%2C+LH+III&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odors; Occupational exposure; Hazardous materials; Industrial plants; Maintenance; Electrostatic precipitators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: oxygen carriers, pressor agents, or oxidants? AN - 17266781; 4571599 AB - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes are being developed as oxygen-carrying agents for the prevention of ischemic tissue damage and hypovolemic (low blood volume) shock. The ability of cell-free hemoglobin blood substitutes to affect vascular tone through the removal of nitric oxide has also prompted an evaluation of their usefulness for maintaining blood pressure in critically ill patients. Before the clinical potential of these substitutes can be fully realized, however, concerns remain as to the intrinsic toxicity of the hemoglobin molecule, particularly the interference of the heme prosthetic group with the tissue oxidant/antioxidant balance. This review provides some insights into the complex redox chemistry of hemoglobin and places an emphasis on how current knowledge may be exploited both to selectively enhance/suppress specific chemical reaction pathway(s) and to ultimately design safer hemoglobin-based therapeutics. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Alayash, AI AD - Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH campus, Building 29, Room 112, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20892, USA, Alayash@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 545 EP - 549 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - blood substitutes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Heme KW - Hemoglobin KW - Oxygen KW - Reviews KW - Nitric oxide KW - Oxidants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17266781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin-based+blood+substitutes%3A+oxygen+carriers%2C+pressor+agents%2C+or+oxidants%3F&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxidants; Reviews; Nitric oxide; Oxygen; Hemoglobin; Heme ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virus passage through track-etch membranes modified by salinity and a nonionic surfactant AN - 17253396; 4553962 AB - Why do viruses sometimes not pass through larger pores in track-etch filters. Increasing the salinity (0.8 to 160 mM Na super(+)) decreased phi X174 and PRD1 passage through track-etch polycarbonate membranes (sodium dodecyl sulfate coated but not polyvinylpyrrolidone coated) and PRD1 passage through polyester membranes. Undiminished passage when 0.1% Tween 80 was added implied that nonionic virus adsorption occurred and indicated that high levels of salinity decreased virus passage by decreasing electrostatic repulsion that prevented adsorption. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Routson, L B AU - Jain, N B AU - Myers, M R AU - Green, B L AD - HFZ-112, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 12709 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20857, USA, cdl@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2773 EP - 2775 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sodium lauryl sulfate KW - Tween 80 KW - polysorbates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Membranes KW - Phage phi X174 KW - Pores KW - Salinity effects KW - Surfactants KW - Phage PRD1 KW - V 22021:Virus purification & preparation KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virus+passage+through+track-etch+membranes+modified+by+salinity+and+a+nonionic+surfactant&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BRoutson%2C+L+B%3BJain%2C+N+B%3BMyers%2C+M+R%3BGreen%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phage PRD1; Phage phi X174; Membranes; Surfactants; Salinity effects; Pores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cr(IV) causes activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, DNA strand breaks and dG hydroxylation via free radical reactions. AN - 69885624; 10402675 AB - Electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA strand breakage assays and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping were used to investigate the activation of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappa B, DNA strand breakage and 2'-deoxyguanosine hydroxylation induced by Cr(IV), as well the role of free radical reactions in these processes. Incubation of synthesized Cr(IV)-glutathione complex with cultured Jurkat cells resulted in activation of DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Cr(VI) is also able to induce NF-kappa B activation through Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates generated during the reduction of Cr(VI) by the cells. Cr(III) did not cause observable NF-kappa B activation due to its inability to cross cell membranes. Cr(IV)-induced NF-kappa B activation is dose-dependent. Catalase inhibited the activation while superoxide dismutase enhanced it. The metal chelator, deferoxamine, and hydroxyl (.OH) radical scavengers, sodium formate and aspirin, also inhibited the NF-kappa B activation. Electrophoretic assays using lambda Hind III linear DNA showed that, in the presence of H2O2, Cr(IV) is capable of causing DNA strand breaks. Deferoxamine, sodium formate and aspirin inhibited the DNA strand breaks. HPLC measurements also show that .OH radical generated by the Cr(IV)-mediated reaction with H2O2 was capable of causing 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) hydroxylation to generate 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The relative magnitude of 8-OHdG formation correlated with the generation of .OH radicals. ESR spin trapping measurements showed that reaction of Cr(IV) with H2O2 generated .OH radicals, which were inhibited by deferoxamine, sodium formate and aspirin. The results show that Cr(IV) can cause NF-kappa B activation, DNA strand breaks and dG hydroxylation through .OH radical-initiated reactions. This reactive chromium intermediate may play an important role in the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The results also suggest that the Cr(IV)-glutathione complex may be used as a model compound to study the role of Cr(IV) in Cr(VI) carcinogenicity. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Shi, X AU - Ding, M AU - Ye, J AU - Wang, S AU - Leonard, S S AU - Zang, L AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Chiu, A AU - Dalal, N AU - Liu, K AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 30 SP - 37 EP - 44 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Chelating Agents KW - Free Radicals KW - NF-kappa B KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrophoresis KW - Chelating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Glutathione -- chemistry KW - Hydroxylation KW - NF-kappa B -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - Transcriptional Activation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69885624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Cr%28IV%29+causes+activation+of+nuclear+transcription+factor-kappa+B%2C+DNA+strand+breaks+and+dG+hydroxylation+via+free+radical+reactions.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BDing%2C+M%3BYe%2C+J%3BWang%2C+S%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BZang%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BChiu%2C+A%3BDalal%2C+N%3BLiu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-05-30&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations in Sabin 2 strain of poliovirus and stability of attenuation phenotype. AN - 69759407; 10329577 AB - In this study, we attempted to identify the molecular determinants in the genome of the attenuated Sabin 2 vaccine strain of poliovirus that may change during vaccine production and result in an increase in monkey neurovirulence. An extensive search for suitable vaccine lots identified six batches that had failed the monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT). On repeated tests, these batches were found to have acceptable levels of monkey neurovirulence. One of the batches was additionally passaged six times under conditions used in vaccine production, and the resulting high-passage sample was screened for the presence of mutations and tested in monkeys. In addition to the previously described A --> G reversion at nucleotide 481, high-passage stock also contained a mutation in the VP1-coding region (3364 = G --> A) that consistently accumulated in the course of passaging. However, despite the presence of substantial amounts of these mutations, high-passage stock passed the MNVT. Replication of Sabin 2 poliovirus in the central nervous system of transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus or in cultures of mouse cells, resulted in another mutation (3363 = A --> G). Even though its presence correlated with paralysis in mice, the introduction of 3363-G into the Sabin 2 genome did not increase neurovirulence of the virus. Previous studies identified the 481-G mutation as an important determinant of monkey neurovirulence. We prepared virus samples with varying amounts of genetically defined single mutants at this nucleotide and tested them in monkeys. The results demonstrated that even a 100% substitution at this site introduced into Sabin 2 strain did not increase monkey neurovirulence. The determination of the nucleotide sequence of an alternative strain used for the production of type 2 OPV (Chung 2) showed that it contained 100% of the wild-type 481-G but possessed an extremely low level of neurovirulence. These results demonstrate the remarkable stability of the attenuated phenotype of the Sabin 2 strain and show that (1) no batch of OPV 2 has ever repeatedly failed the MNVT, (2) growing the virus beyond the passage level allowed in vaccine production did not result in increased neurovirulence in monkeys, (3) a test for neurovirulence in transgenic mice may be more sensitive than the MNVT, and (4) determination of the mutational profile of vaccine batches detects inconsistencies in vaccine manufacturing processing that would not be detected by the MNVT. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Virology AU - Rezapkin, G V AU - Fan, L AU - Asher, D M AU - Fibi, M R AU - Dragunsky, E M AU - Chumakov, K M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-470 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 25 SP - 152 EP - 160 VL - 258 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - 5' Untranslated Regions KW - 0 KW - Capsid Proteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - Receptors, Virus KW - VP1 protein, Poliovirus KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - poliovirus receptor KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Receptors, Virus -- genetics KW - Receptors, Virus -- metabolism KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Virulence KW - Phenotype KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- genetics KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- genetics KW - Poliovirus -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69759407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+Sabin+2+strain+of+poliovirus+and+stability+of+attenuation+phenotype.&rft.au=Rezapkin%2C+G+V%3BFan%2C+L%3BAsher%2C+D+M%3BFibi%2C+M+R%3BDragunsky%2C+E+M%3BChumakov%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Rezapkin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-05-25&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Water fluoridation policy issuance T2 - IHS circ. no. 99-01 AN - 59793522; 2000-0100160 AB - Establishes national policy for Indian Health Service's (IHS) involvement in the fluoridation of Indian-owned and operated water supplies; some focus on the dental benefits of using fluoridated water; US. JF - United States Indian Health Service, May 21 1999. Y1 - 1999/05/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 21 PB - United States Indian Health Service KW - Dental service -- United States KW - Water supply -- Fluoridation KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Indians -- Health KW - Drinking water -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Water+fluoridation+policy+issuance&rft.title=Water+fluoridation+policy+issuance&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ihs.gov/publicinfo/publications/ihsmanual/Circulars/Circ99/9901.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Indian Health Service N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenesis patterns in a tRNA mutation marker gene altered to include repetitive sequence replicated in mutS E. coli. AN - 69903117; 10415506 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Levy, D D AU - Cebula, T A AD - United States Food & Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. ddl@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 18 SP - 392 EP - 395 VL - 870 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Genetic Markers KW - supF tRNA KW - RNA, Transfer KW - 9014-25-9 KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.1.3 KW - MutS protein, E coli KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Repair -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Genes, Suppressor KW - DNA Replication KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - RNA, Transfer -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69903117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Mutagenesis+patterns+in+a+tRNA+mutation+marker+gene+altered+to+include+repetitive+sequence+replicated+in+mutS+E.+coli.&rft.au=Levy%2C+D+D%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-18&rft.volume=870&rft.issue=&rft.spage=392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of micronuclei in V79 cells by fractions of roofing asphalt fume condensate AN - 17234896; 4522982 AB - More than 50,000 workers in the United States are exposed to roofing asphalt fumes that may pose genotoxic and potential carcinogenic hazards. The Type III roofing asphalt is most frequently used in roof-application. Results of our previous studies showed that fume condensates of Type III roofing asphalts induced micronuclei (MN) in vitro in cultured V79 cells and DNA adduct formation in vivo in rat lung cells. In this study, the genotoxicity of whole fume condensates (WFC) of Type III roofing asphalt and its five chemical fractions (A, B, C, D and E) was determined by the micronucleus assay using V79 cells. Linear regressions were determined for the dose response of MN frequencies and percent of binucleated and multinucleated cells (MTC) following the treatment. Results showed that the numbers of micronucleated cells in cultures treated with Type III roofing asphalt WFC and its fractions B, C, D and E were significantly higher than that in the control culture, and that the slopes of the linear regression line for fractions B and C were greater than those for the WFC and fractions D and E. A clear dose response of binucleated cells was also induced by the WFC and fractions B and C. These findings indicate that: (1) WFC and all fractions, except fraction A, induced MN formation in cultured V79 cells; (2) fractions B and C possess the highest genotoxic activity; (3) the roofing asphalt WFC contains chemicals or chemical classes that induce not only chromosomal aberrations but also binucleation in V79 cells. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Qian, H W AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Olsen, L AU - Nath, J AU - Ong, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, Room 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/05/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 17 SP - 163 EP - 170 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 441 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - V79 cells KW - asphalt KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fumes KW - Micronuclei KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17234896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+micronuclei+in+V79+cells+by+fractions+of+roofing+asphalt+fume+condensate&rft.au=Qian%2C+H+W%3BWhong%2C+W-Z%3BOlsen%2C+L%3BNath%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-05-17&rft.volume=441&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Micronuclei; Fumes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute inflammatory reaction in rats after intratracheal instillation of material collected from a nylon flocking plant. AN - 69742167; 10321900 AB - Several cases of interstitial lung disease have been diagnosed among workers at a nylon flock plant, but the etiologic agent for the disease outbreak was unknown. The results of a medical survey and industrial hygiene study indicated that the dust present in the plant may be responsible. Thus, airborne dust collected at the plant was examined for its inflammatory potential in rat lungs. The endpoints measured were: (1) breathing rates, (2) differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, (3) alveolar macrophage (AM) chemiluminescence, (4) albumin concentration and matrix metalloprotease activities in the acellular fluid from the initial bronchoalveolar lavage, and (5) pulmonary histopathology. In the first study, rats received a single dose of the airborne dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) by intratracheal (IT) instillation. At 1 d post-IT, all inflammatory endpoints were significantly increased versus controls, but by 29 d post-IT they did not differ significantly from controls. Histopathology demonstrated mild to moderate, multifocal, suppurative pneumonia, usually centered around bronchioles, at 1 d post-IT. At 29 d post-IT, pulmonary inflammation was minimal to mild and characterized by alveolar histocytosis usually restricted to the immediate area of retained bire-fringent fibers. In subsequent experiments, airborne dust was extracted with water and the dust (washed airborne dust) and water extract (soluble fraction) were separated by centrifugation for further study. Nylon tow dust was prepared in the laboratory by milling uncut nylon strands (called tow) that had not been treated with the finish or dyes that are commonly used in the flock plants. Rats were administered a single dose of a dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) or the soluble fraction (1.3 ml/kg body weight) by IT administration and the same endpoints were measured at 1 d post-IT. The dust samples caused significant increases in all of the inflammatory endpoints; however, the soluble fraction was much less active. Histological analysis of the lungs 1 d post-IT confirmed lung inflammation was occurring and tended to center around bronchioles. The results suggest that: (1) nylon flocking generates particles of respirable size that can interact with AM in the lung and can be detected in the lung 29 d after exposure, (2) the dust samples examined cause an inflammatory response, (3) water-extractable agent(s) from airborne dust contribute only minimally to the inflammatory response, and (4) the acute inflammatory response to these dusts is substantial when compared to other pathologic occupational dusts previously examined in our laboratory. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Porter, D W AU - Castranova, V AU - Robinson, V A AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Mercer, R R AU - Scabilloni, J AU - Goldsmith, T AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Battelli, L AU - Washko, R AU - Burkhart, J AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Whitmer, M AU - Jones, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 14 SP - 25 EP - 45 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Nylons KW - Serum Albumin KW - Metalloendopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Serum Albumin -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Metalloendopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Nylons -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Nylons -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Textile Industry KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69742167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Acute+inflammatory+reaction+in+rats+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+material+collected+from+a+nylon+flocking+plant.&rft.au=Porter%2C+D+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BMercer%2C+R+R%3BScabilloni%2C+J%3BGoldsmith%2C+T%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BWashko%2C+R%3BBurkhart%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental study of nylon flocking process. AN - 69742122; 10321899 AB - Environmental measurements for a variety of gas, particulate, and microbiological agents have been made in order to characterize exposures associated with the nylon flocking process. Of all agents measured, particulate is the predominant exposure. Levels of total particulate ranged from O.1 to 240 mg/m3 (x = 11.4 mg/m3). Average respirable particulate was 2.2 mg/m3, ranging from 0.5 to 39.9 mg/m3. Highest levels of particulates were found in the flocking room, and direct reading dust measurements indicate that the highest peak exposures are associated with "blowdown" (a cleaning procedure used between flocking runs). The nature of the airborne particles was investigated using polarized light and scanning electron microscopy. Air samples were found to contain flock particles (fibers nominally 10-15 microm in diameter by about 1000 microm in length) and a variety of respirable particles types, several of which were linked directly to the process. Of special interest were elongated respirable particles, which by microscopic analysis, complemented with melting-point determination, were found to be shreds of nylon. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Burkhart, J AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Jones, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 14 SP - 1 EP - 23 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Gases KW - Nylons KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria KW - Filtration KW - Particle Size KW - Fungi KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Nylons -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Nylons -- analysis KW - Textile Industry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69742122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Environmental+study+of+nylon+flocking+process.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Analysis of children's health insurance patterns: findings from the SIPP AN - 59792284; 2000-0100170 AB - Based on data from the 1992 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), examines health insurance coverage of children, and the relationship between Medicaid eligibility and insurance coverage; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, May 12 1999. AU - Czajka, John L Y1 - 1999/05/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 12 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Medicaid program -- United States KW - Child health -- Insurance aspects KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59792284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Czajka%2C+John+L&rft.aulast=Czajka&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-05-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+children%27s+health+insurance+patterns%3A+findings+from+the+SIPP&rft.title=Analysis+of+children%27s+health+insurance+patterns%3A+findings+from+the+SIPP&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/Sippchip/toc.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Safety of Newly Approved Medicines. Do Recent Market Removals Mean There Is a Problem? AN - 17286170; 4533186 AB - The removal of 5 pharmaceuticals from the market in a 12-month period because of unexpected adverse events raised concerns about the adequacy of the drug review process at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Specifically, concerns were raised about improvements in drug review efficiency that significantly reduced FDA review times. We have reviewed the circumstances of the 5 removals to determine whether there was any relationship to the increased efficiencies in the drug review process. When the removed drugs were analyzed by date of approval, no increase in the number of drugs taken off the market was seen, demonstrating that reduced review processing time was not the reason for the cluster of removals. We conclude that the agency's drug review procedures and postmarketing surveillance system after a drug has been marketed are currently adequate but must continually adjust to future challenges. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Friedman, MA AU - Woodcock, J AU - Lumpkin, M M AU - Shuren, JE AU - Hass, A E AU - Thompson, L J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln, HF-28, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1999/05/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 12 SP - 1728 EP - 1734 VL - 281 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - FDA KW - USA KW - USA, Food and Drug Administration KW - drug review KW - product recalls KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Government policy KW - Pharmaceutical industry KW - Drugs KW - Government policies KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Side effects KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17286170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+Safety+of+Newly+Approved+Medicines.+Do+Recent+Market+Removals+Mean+There+Is+a+Problem%3F&rft.au=Friedman%2C+MA%3BWoodcock%2C+J%3BLumpkin%2C+M+M%3BShuren%2C+JE%3BHass%2C+A+E%3BThompson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-05-12&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Drugs; Consumer products; Side effects; Pharmaceutical industry; Government policies; Government policy; Pharmaceuticals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer, heart disease, and diabetes in workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 69758271; 10328108 AB - In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a group 1 human carcinogen, based largely on four highly exposed industrial cohorts that showed an excess of all cancers combined. In this study, we extended the follow-up period for the largest of these cohorts by 6 years and developed a job-exposure matrix. We did cohort mortality analyses involving 5132 chemical workers at 12 U.S. plants by use of life table techniques (U.S. population referent) and Cox regression (internal referent). We conducted exposure-response analyses for 69% of the cohort with adequate work history data and adequate plant data on TCDD contamination. All P values are two-sided. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all cancers combined was 1.13 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.25). We found statistically significant positive linear trends in SMRs with increasing exposure for all cancers combined and for lung cancer. The SMR for all cancers combined for the highest exposure group was 1.60 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-1.82). SMRs for heart disease showed a weak increasing trend with higher exposure (P = .14). Diabetes (any mention on the death certificate) showed a negative exposure-response trend. Internal analyses with Cox regression found statistically significant trends for cancer (15-year lag time) and heart disease (no lag). Our analyses suggest that high TCDD exposure results in an excess of all cancers combined, without any marked specificity. However, excess cancer was limited to the highest exposed workers, with exposures that were likely to have been 100-1000 times higher than those experienced by the general population and similar to the TCDD levels used in animal studies. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Steenland, K AU - Piacitelli, L AU - Deddens, J AU - Fingerhut, M AU - Chang, L I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. steenland@iarc.fr Y1 - 1999/05/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 05 SP - 779 EP - 786 VL - 91 IS - 9 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- mortality KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69758271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cancer%2C+heart+disease%2C+and+diabetes+in+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BPiacitelli%2C+L%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BFingerhut%2C+M%3BChang%2C+L+I&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-05&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 May 5;91(9):745-6 [10328098] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marijuana initiates and their impact on future drug abuse treatment need. AN - 69827308; 10372796 AB - This paper presents estimates of the number of people who will need treatment for illicit drug abuse problems for the years 2000 through 2020. The methodology employs logistic regression models, with treatment need as a dependent variable, using data from lifetime marijuana users included in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Age at first use of marijuana was found to be the most important predictor in these models. Other variables included in the models were age, gender, and race/ethnicity. By generating estimates under alternative assumptions about future rates of initiation, it was projected that if current rates of initiation continue, treatment need will increase by 57% by 2020, and that the need for treatment will remain high even if initiation rates decrease dramatically, because of the aging baby boom cohort. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Gfroerer, J C AU - Epstein, J F AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health, Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 03 SP - 229 EP - 237 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Regression Analysis KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Marijuana Abuse -- economics KW - Marijuana Abuse -- therapy KW - Marijuana Abuse -- epidemiology KW - Forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69827308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=Marijuana+initiates+and+their+impact+on+future+drug+abuse+treatment+need.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+J+C%3BEpstein%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-03&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.issn=03768716&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies on Magnetic Fields AN - 755138018; 13645969 JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Schwetz, Bernard AD - FDA (HF-32) Room 17-35, Parklawn Building 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 286 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755138018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Rodent+Carcinogenicity+Studies+on+Magnetic+Fields&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+Bernard&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339902700303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339902700303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The control of press cleaning solvent vapors in a small lithographic printing establishment. AN - 69963163; 10446485 AB - Small businesses frequently have inadequate in-house expertise to solve a variety of safety and health problems. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore conducted a demonstration project in the commercial lithographic printing industry, which consists largely of small companies, in an effort to establish suitable control technology for airborne solvent vapors released primarily during press cleaning operations. These solvent vapors have a number of potential adverse health effects, including narcosis, kidney and liver damage, and cancer. Also, airborne anti-offset powder is a potential allergic sensitizer and cause of occupational asthma. As a means of controlling worker exposures to the vapors and dust, a local exhaust inlet was attached to the side of the press adjacent to the paper delivery point. Tempered outside air was introduced through ceiling outlets installed to make up for the exhausted air. Measurements of press operator exposure and area concentrations of solvent vapors and area concentration of anti-offset powder were made before and after installation of the new ventilation controls. Vapor concentrations were reduced by 73 percent for the press operators. Area concentrations of the vapors were reduced by 86 percent and dust concentration by 67 percent. The ventilation system was found to be suitable for vapor and dust control, although substitution of a cleaning solution containing non-carcinogenic solvents for solutions containing carcinogens was recommended. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Crouch, K G AU - Gressel, M G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 329 EP - 338 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Printing KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69963163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+control+of+press+cleaning+solvent+vapors+in+a+small+lithographic+printing+establishment.&rft.au=Crouch%2C+K+G%3BGressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ergonomic evaluation of trail workers at Yosemite National Park. AN - 69963072; 10446478 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Habes, D AU - Schiefer, M AD - NIOSH, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 276 EP - 284 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Human Engineering KW - Humans KW - Mountaineering -- injuries KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Protective Clothing KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Forestry -- standards KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69963072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+ergonomic+evaluation+of+trail+workers+at+Yosemite+National+Park.&rft.au=Habes%2C+D%3BSchiefer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Habes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural hazard data from a population-based survey of cash grain farms: Ohio observations. AN - 69962283; 10446482 AB - In response to congressional concerns, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) initiated a multistate agricultural surveillance effort in 1990. The Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance (FFHHS) program involved separate population-based surveillance efforts by six state agencies or universities which gathered health and hazard data on farm operators and farm families. The results of the Ohio program are presented as an example of the data collection capabilities developed during the course of this project, which include the application of these data in documenting the prevalence of specific agricultural occupational hazards as well as the current attitudes of agricultural operators toward control and elimination of safety and health hazards. Specifically, three operationally defined areas of hazard audit (Structures, Landscape, and Mobile Equipment) are examined for the prevalence of such safety hazards as potential electrical shock, slippery or badly maintained walkways, inadequate chemical and fuel storage, and missing farm equipment moving-part guards. Questionnaire survey response examples are presented as an indication of farm operator attitudes toward safety and health training, on-site professional service access, and use of personal protective equipment. Current plans for data use and distribution, and the potential applications of the data as an occupational safety and health tool are also discussed. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Pedersen, D H AU - Wilkins, J R AU - Bean, T L AU - Mitchell, G L AU - Crawford, J M AU - Jones, L A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 299 EP - 305 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Edible Grain KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Ohio KW - Health Promotion KW - Protective Devices -- statistics & numerical data KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Equipment Safety -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69962283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Agricultural+hazard+data+from+a+population-based+survey+of+cash+grain+farms%3A+Ohio+observations.&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+D+H%3BWilkins%2C+J+R%3BBean%2C+T+L%3BMitchell%2C+G+L%3BCrawford%2C+J+M%3BJones%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operant test battery performance in children: correlation with IQ. AN - 69853838; 10386825 AB - The relationship between intelligence and money-(nickel-)reinforced operant behaviors were compared in 115 six year old children. The Operant Test Battery (OTB) consists of tasks thought to engender responses dependent upon specific brain functions that include motivation, color and position discrimination, learning, short-term memory, and time estimation. OTB endpoints were compared with Full Scale, Verbal and Performance IQ scores. Highly significant correlations were noted between several OTB measures (e.g., color and position discrimination accuracy) and IQ scores, but not in others (e.g., motivation task response rate). The results demonstrate the relevance of these measures as metrics of important brain functions. Additionally, since laboratory animals can readily perform these same tasks, these kinds of behaviors in laboratory animals should be useful in studying the effects of neuroactive/neurotoxic compounds on aspects of cognitive function in animals and in predicting adverse effects of such agents on related brain functions in humans. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Buffalo, E A AU - Blake, D J AU - Casey, P H AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. mpaule@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1999 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning KW - Memory, Short-Term KW - Reward KW - Motivation KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Humans KW - Color Perception KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Time Perception KW - Child KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Female KW - Intelligence KW - Learning KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69853838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Operant+test+battery+performance+in+children%3A+correlation+with+IQ.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BBuffalo%2C+E+A%3BBlake%2C+D+J%3BCasey%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: Part III--Validation. AN - 69849034; 10386357 AB - This article, the last in a series of three, describes the validation phase of a study conducted to test the correlation of respirator fit factors to the subject's actual exposure using biological sampling. The study consisted of three phases: protocol development, method comparison testing, and validation. Six quantitative fit-test methods were evaluated in the method comparison testing phase. The two fit methods with the highest correlation with the wearers' measured exposure were a corn oil method (R2 = 0.81) and an ambient aerosol method (R2 = 0.78). Because the ambient aerosol method is more commonly used in the workplace, it was selected for further analysis. In this validation phase, the fit factors measured during the ambient aerosol fit-test were used to calculate the exposures to Freon-113 by using the model determined in the method comparison testing phase of the study. The actual Freon-113 exposures were then measured and compared with the predicted exposures. The results verified that the ambient aerosol method fit factors are highly correlated to the total Freon-113 exposure dose and thus that the model had a predictive ability. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Coffey, C C AU - Campbell, D L AU - Myers, W R AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 363 EP - 366 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Materials Testing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69849034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+six+respirator+fit-test+methods+with+an+actual+measurement+of+exposure+in+a+simulated+health+care+environment%3A+Part+III--Validation.&rft.au=Coffey%2C+C+C%3BCampbell%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant toxins. AN - 69826006; 10367396 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Betz, J M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69826006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Plant+toxins.&rft.au=Betz%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Betz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of flumequine in channel catfish by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 69825322; 10367379 AB - Rapid methods are described for determination of flumequine (FLU) residues in muscle and plasma of farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FLU residues were extracted from tissues with an acidified methanol solution, and extracts were cleaned up on C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges. FLU concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) using a C18 analytical column and fluorescence detection (excitation, 325 nm; emission, 360 nm). Mean recoveries of FLU from fortified muscle were 87-94% at 5 levels ranging from 10 to 160 ppb (5 replicates per level). FLU recoveries from fortified plasma were 92-97% at 5 levels ranging from 20 to 320 ppb. Limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio, 3:1) for the method as described were 3 and 6 ppb for muscle and plasma, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for recoveries were < or = 12%. Live catfish were dosed with 14C-labeled or unlabeled FLU to generate incurred residues. Recoveries of 14C residues throughout extraction and cleanup were 90 and 94% for muscle and plasma, respectively. RSDs for incurred FLU at 2 levels in muscle and plasma ranged from 2 to 6%. The identity of FLU in incurred tissues was confirmed by LC/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plakas, S M AU - el Said, K R AU - Bencsath, F A AU - Musser, S M AU - Walker, C C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 614 EP - 619 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolizines KW - flumequine KW - UVG8VSP2SJ KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Quality Control KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Quinolizines -- analysis KW - Ictaluridae KW - Quinolizines -- blood KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69825322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+flumequine+in+channel+catfish+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3Bel+Said%2C+K+R%3BBencsath%2C+F+A%3BMusser%2C+S+M%3BWalker%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The enigma of arsenic carcinogenesis: role of metabolism. AN - 69820945; 10367337 AB - Inorganic arsenic is considered a high-priority hazard, particularly because of its potential to be a human carcinogen. In exposed human populations, arsenic is associated with tumors of the lung, skin, bladder, and liver. While it is known to be a human carcinogen, carcinogenesis in laboratory animals by this metalloid has never been convincingly demonstrated. Therefore, no animal models exist for studying molecular mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis. The apparent human sensitivity, combined with our incomplete understanding about mechanisms of carcinogenic action, create important public health concerns and challenges in risk assessment, which could be met by understanding the role of metabolism in arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. This symposium summary covers three critical major areas involving arsenic metabolism: its biodiversity, the role of arsenic metabolism in molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and the impact of arsenic metabolism on human risk assessment. In mammals, arsenic is metabolized to mono- and dimethylated species by methyltransferase enzymes in reactions that require S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donating cofactor. A remarkable species diversity in arsenic methyltransferase activity may account for the wide variability in sensitivity of humans and animals to arsenic toxicity. Arsenic interferes with DNA methyltransferases, resulting in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes through DNA hypermethylation. Other studies suggest that arsenic-induced malignant transformation is linked to DNA hypomethylation subsequent to depletion of SAM, which results in aberrant gene activation, including oncogenes. Urinary profiles of arsenic metabolites may be a valuable tool for assessing human susceptibility to arsenic carcinogenesis. While controversial, the idea that unique arsenic metabolic properties may explain the apparent non-linear threshold response for arsenic carcinogenesis in humans. In order to address these outstanding issues, further efforts are required to identify an appropriate animal model to elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms of action, and to define dose-response relationships. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Goering, P L AU - Aposhian, H V AU - Mass, M J AU - Cebrián, M AU - Beck, B D AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Division of Life Sciences, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. plg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 5 EP - 14 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Oncogenes KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Arsenic -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Methyltransferases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69820945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+enigma+of+arsenic+carcinogenesis%3A+role+of+metabolism.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BAposhian%2C+H+V%3BMass%2C+M+J%3BCebri%C3%A1n%2C+M%3BBeck%2C+B+D%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive value of preclinical toxicology studies for platinum anticancer drugs. AN - 69788792; 10353752 AB - Rodent and nonrodent toxicology studies are currently expected to support Phase I trials of antineoplastic drugs in the United States. To determine the predictive value of these studies, we initiated a project to compare preclinical and clinical toxicity data within various drug classes. The first class analyzed was the platinum anticancer drugs. Twelve platinum analogues that had both preclinical (mice, rats and/or dogs) and clinical data from matching drug administration schedules were identified. The rodent LD10 (the dose that causes lethality in 10% of treated animals) or dog toxic dose high (a dose that when doubled causes lethality in dogs) correlated well with the human maximally tolerated dose on a mg/m2 basis. For every platinum analogue investigated, one-third the rodent LD10 or one-third the dog toxic dose high in mg/m2 gave a starting dose and a first escalation dose that did not exceed the clinical maximally tolerated dose. The dose-limiting toxicities in patients were previously observed in 7 of 7, 7 of 8, and 9 of 11 mouse, rat, and dog studies, respectively. Our data indicate that mice, rats, and dogs all had value in predicting a safe starting dose and the qualitative toxicities in humans for platinum anticancer compounds. The efficiency of Phase 1 trials could have been improved without sacrificing patient safety by allowing higher starting doses for this drug class than conventionally permitted. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Clark, D L AU - Andrews, P A AU - Smith, D D AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Justice, R L AU - Beitz, J G AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1161 EP - 1167 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Organoplatinum Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Animals KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic KW - Dogs KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69788792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Predictive+value+of+preclinical+toxicology+studies+for+platinum+anticancer+drugs.&rft.au=Clark%2C+D+L%3BAndrews%2C+P+A%3BSmith%2C+D+D%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BJustice%2C+R+L%3BBeitz%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of tetracycline antibiotics in raw milk under laboratory storage conditions. AN - 69781873; 10340680 AB - Raw milk samples collected from bulk milk tankers may be screened for the presence of tetracycline antibiotics using rapid screening tests. If tetracycline residues are detected, the milk may be shipped to a laboratory for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Because the milk may be shipped on ice blocks, it is important to know whether tetracycline residues are stable at that temperature and for how long. Control raw milk samples fortified with 50 ppb each chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, methacycline hydrochloride, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline were incubated at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C, then analyzed using a metal chelate affinity chromatography extraction and HPLC. No loss of tetracycline was observed after 48 h of storage at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 25 degrees C. Losses ranging from 4 to 13% and 0 to 18% were noted after 72 h at 4 degrees C and 48 h at 25 degrees C, respectively. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Podhorniak, L V AU - Leake, S AU - Schenck, F J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 547 EP - 548 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Tetracyclines KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Animals KW - Reference Standards KW - Temperature KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69781873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Stability+of+tetracycline+antibiotics+in+raw+milk+under+laboratory+storage+conditions.&rft.au=Podhorniak%2C+L+V%3BLeake%2C+S%3BSchenck%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Podhorniak&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in milk using C18 and graphitized carbon black solid phase extraction cleanup. AN - 69727069; 10227188 AB - A rapid, multiresidue, solid phase extraction (SPE) technique for the isolation and gas chromatographic determination of organochlorine and moderately polar organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk is described. Milk is sonicated with an acetonitrile-acetone-methanol mixture and centrifuged. The supernatant is subjected to a cleanup using both C18 and graphitized carbon black SPE columns. The pesticide residues are determined by gas chromatography with electron capture and flame photometric detection. The method required minimal volumes of solvent and resulted in the production of minimal volumes of hazardous waste. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Schenck, F J AU - Casanova, J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 349 EP - 362 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - octadecylsilica KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Food Contamination KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69727069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+for+organochlorine+and+organophosphorus+pesticides+in+milk+using+C18+and+graphitized+carbon+black+solid+phase+extraction+cleanup.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BCasanova%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B1 induces apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes through sphinganine accumulation and ceramide depletion. AN - 69685763; 10200332 AB - Fumonisin B1 stimulates apoptosis in a variety of cell types and tissues. We examined the role of sphingolipid changes in fumonisin B1-stimulated apoptosis. Sphinganine accumulated rapidly, sphingosine levels remained unchanged, and ceramides decreased during fumonisin B1 exposure. Increased DNA fragmentation, decreased viability, and apoptotic morphology were observed in cells exposed to fumonisin B1, sphinganine, or N-acetylsphingosine. Co-exposure to N-acetylsphingosine or beta-chloroalanine, which blocks sphinganine accumulation, partially protected cells from fumonisin B1-induced apoptosis. These results illustrate three sphingolipid-dependent mechanisms for inducing apoptosis: accumulation of excess ceramide, accumulation of excess sphinganine, and depletion of ceramide or complex sphingolipids derived from ceramide. JF - International journal of oncology AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Couch, L H AU - Melchior, W B AU - Jenkins, G R AU - Muskhelishvili, M AU - Muskhelishvili, L AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Domon, O AU - Morris, S M AU - Howard, P C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 833 EP - 843 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1019-6439, 1019-6439 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Ceramides KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fumonisins KW - N-acetylsphingosine KW - Sphingolipids KW - Teratogens KW - beta-Alanine KW - 11P2JDE17B KW - 3-chloroalanine KW - 3981-36-0 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Sphingolipids -- pharmacology KW - beta-Alanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - beta-Alanine -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Apoptosis KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Keratinocytes -- cytology KW - Ceramides -- metabolism KW - Teratogens -- pharmacology KW - Sphingosine -- pharmacology KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69685763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+oncology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B1+induces+apoptosis+in+cultured+human+keratinocytes+through+sphinganine+accumulation+and+ceramide+depletion.&rft.au=Tolleson%2C+W+H%3BCouch%2C+L+H%3BMelchior%2C+W+B%3BJenkins%2C+G+R%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+M%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BDomon%2C+O%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Tolleson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+oncology&rft.issn=10196439&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - tert-butyl hydroperoxide/hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress and damage to vascular smooth muscle cells: different effects of nitric oxide and nitrosothiols. AN - 69476609; 10796069 AB - The goal of the present work was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) released from different donors (NONOates and nitrosothiols) can act as a protective antioxidant against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by extracellular hemoglobin/tert-butyl hydroperoxide (Hb/tert-BuOOH) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). No changes in phospholipid composition were found in VSMCs incubated with oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb)/tert-BuOOH. Using our newly developed HPLC-fluorescence technique for measurement of site-specific oxidative stress in membrane phospholipids, we produced VSMCs in which endogenous phospholipids were metabolically labeled with an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid. In these cells, we were able to reliably quantitate oxidative stress in major phospholipid classes-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol-induced by tert-BuOOH in the presence of oxyHb or methemoglobin (metHb). The oxidative stress was accompanied by cytotoxic effects of oxyHb/tert-BuOOH and metHb/tert-BuOOH on VSMCs. We further found that an NO donor, (Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen 1-ium-1,2-diolate (PAPANONO), but not nitrosothiols, protected VSMCs against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by Hb/tert-BuOOH. The protective effect of PAPANONO was most likely due to its ability to form NO-heme Hb (detectable by low temperature EPR spectroscopy and visible spectrophotometry). These findings are important for further understanding the physiological antioxidant role of NO against oxidative stress induced by hemoproteins as well as for pathological hypertensive events induced by extracellular Hb via NO depletion. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Tyurina, Y Y AU - Gorbunov, N V AU - Tyurin, V A AU - Castranova, V AU - Kommineni, C AU - Ojimba, J AU - Gandley, R AU - McLaughlin, M K AU - Kagan, V E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 989 EP - 1001 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - 1-(N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate KW - 0 KW - Azetidines KW - Hemoglobins KW - Nitric Oxide Donors KW - Oxyhemoglobins KW - Phospholipids KW - Protective Agents KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - tert-Butylhydroperoxide KW - 955VYL842B KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide Donors -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Azetidines -- pharmacology KW - Protective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Oxyhemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- physiology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- drug effects KW - tert-Butylhydroperoxide -- pharmacology KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69476609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=tert-butyl+hydroperoxide%2Fhemoglobin-induced+oxidative+stress+and+damage+to+vascular+smooth+muscle+cells%3A+different+effects+of+nitric+oxide+and+nitrosothiols.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BTyurina%2C+Y+Y%3BGorbunov%2C+N+V%3BTyurin%2C+V+A%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BOjimba%2C+J%3BGandley%2C+R%3BMcLaughlin%2C+M+K%3BKagan%2C+V+E&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 1941 sulfathiazole disaster and the birth of good manufacturing practices. AN - 69461823; 10754705 AB - The beginning of modern standards for good manufacturing practices can be traced to an incident that began in December 1940, when the Winthrop Chemical Company of New York put on the market sulfathiazole tablets contaminated with phenobarbital. Hundreds of deaths and injuries resulted. FDA's investigation into Winthrop's sulfathiazole production and the agency's efforts to retrieve the Winthrop drug remaining on the market revealed numerous control deficiencies in the plant and serious irregularities in the firm's attempt to recall the tainted tablets. The incident prompted FDA to require detailed controls in sulfathiazole production at Winthrop and throughout the industry, an approach that became the basis for production control standards for all pharmaceuticals. JF - PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology AU - Swann, J P AD - History Office, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 1079-7440, 1079-7440 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Sulfathiazoles KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - History, 20th Century KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- poisoning KW - Phenobarbital -- poisoning KW - Drug Compounding -- standards KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- poisoning KW - Drug Industry -- history KW - Sulfathiazoles -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69461823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PDA+journal+of+pharmaceutical+science+and+technology&rft.atitle=The+1941+sulfathiazole+disaster+and+the+birth+of+good+manufacturing+practices.&rft.au=Swann%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Swann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PDA+journal+of+pharmaceutical+science+and+technology&rft.issn=10797440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and its derivatives in canned foods. AN - 69277080; 10552479 AB - Migration of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to food from can enamels and can pull-top seals is reported. Derivatives of DGEBA are also determined in some foods. Levels of DGEBA in the foods surveyed in this study range from nondetected (<0.3 ppb) to 50 mg/kg as determined by liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction coupled with high-pressure liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. Confirmation of the analytes is by gas and/or liquid chromatography with mass spectral analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with 30 degrees specular reflectance/transmittance is used to characterize the coated food contact surfaces. Stability studies with DGEBA in water, acid, and saline solutions show conversion to the hydrolysis products and chloro adducts occurs readily. The presence of DGEBA derivatives in food demonstrates that analysis for DGEBA migration alone is not a good indicator of total migration from can coatings to foods. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Biles, J E AU - White, K D AU - McNeal, T P AU - Begley, T H AD - Office of Premarket Approval, Office of Scientific Analysis and Support, HFS-717, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1965 EP - 1969 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane KW - F3XRM1NX4H KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Epoxy Compounds -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69277080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+diglycidyl+ether+of+bisphenol+A+and+its+derivatives+in+canned+foods.&rft.au=Biles%2C+J+E%3BWhite%2C+K+D%3BMcNeal%2C+T+P%3BBegley%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Biles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Proceedings of the 1998 Migrant Farmworker Stream Forums: Annual Midwest Farmworker Stream Forum (8th, San Antonio, Texas, November 5-8, 1998); Annual East Coast Migrant Stream Forum (11th, Springfield, Massachusetts, November 13-15, 1998); Annual Western Migrant Stream Forum (8th, Sacramento, California, January 29-31, 1999). AN - 62393705; ED433165 AB - Researchers, advocates, and clinicians met at the three 1998 migrant stream forums to develop strategies for farmworker health research. The introductory section of this proceedings discusses this year's focus--building research partnerships to improve migrant health--and describes planning and implementation of the forums' research track. Sessions offered mini-lectures on specific types of research and training to participants unfamiliar with research methods. Research needs/gaps, potential collaborators, and venues for research dissemination were identified during topical working groups on migrant children, health access, occupational health, environmental health, and mental health. Working group reports addressed specific needs of migrant farmworkers, the probability that research could make a difference, the interest in identifying additional collaborators, and the inherent problem in doing this type of research. Barriers to research for farmworkers include their status as a hidden population, farmworker mistrust, professional interdisciplinary differences, and limited existing literature. Recommended research strategies and suggested research topics are listed. All three forums were successful in including new participants in the academic community, increasing interest in farmworker research among health care providers, organizing a listserv for researchers and providers, beginning work on research standards, and including college students in the research tracks. Reports on each forum include an overview, a list of planning committee members, and session abstracts. Participant lists comprise about half of this document. (SV) Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 102 PB - National Center for Farmworker Health, Inc., P.O. Box 150009, Austin, TX 78715; Tel: 512-312-2700 (#5694, free). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Interprofessional Relationship KW - Migrant Workers KW - Information Dissemination KW - Health Promotion KW - Migrant Problems KW - Health Needs KW - Public Health KW - Research Needs KW - Researchers KW - Networks KW - Research Problems KW - Medical Research KW - Migrant Health Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62393705?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is There Competition between Breast-Feeding and Maternal Employment? AN - 60080442; 9914527 AB - Theory suggests that the decision to return to employment after childbirth & the decision to breast-feed may be jointly determined. Here, models of simultaneous equations are estimated for two different aspects of the relationship between maternal employment & breast-feeding using 1993/94 data from the US Food & Drug Administration's Infant Feeding Practices Study (N = 1,550 mothers). Results show that the duration of leave from work significantly affects the duration of breast-feeding, but the effect of breast-feeding on work leave is insignificant. Also estimated are models of the daily hours of work & breast-feedings at infant ages 3 months & 6 months postpartum. At both times, the intensity of work effort significantly affects the intensity of breast-feeding, but the reverse is generally not found. Competition clearly exists between work & breast-feeding for many women. 5 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Demography AU - Roe, Brian AU - Whittington, Leslie A AU - Fein, Sara Beck AU - Teisl, Mario F AD - c/o Fein -- Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Food & Drug Administration, HFS-727, 200 C St, SW, Washington, DC 20204 Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 157 EP - 171 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0070-3370, 0070-3370 KW - Family Work Relationship KW - Breast Feeding KW - Working Mothers KW - article KW - 0621: complex organization; jobs, work organization, workplaces, & unions KW - 1977: the family and socialization; birth control (abortion, contraception, fertility, & childbearing) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60080442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demography&rft.atitle=Is+There+Competition+between+Breast-Feeding+and+Maternal+Employment%3F&rft.au=Roe%2C+Brian%3BWhittington%2C+Leslie+A%3BFein%2C+Sara+Beck%3BTeisl%2C+Mario+F&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Demography&rft.issn=00703370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast Feeding; Working Mothers; Family Work Relationship ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Decision-Tree Strategy for Combining Diagnostic Tests for Prediction AN - 21099021; 11132004 AB - In the context of medical screening, various diagnostic tests have been developed for determining whether a disease is present in an individual. Similarly, in the context of toxicological screening, a variety of short-term assays have been developed to predict whether a chemical would be carcinogenic if tested in a long-term bioassay. In both contexts, it is a challenge to combine the results of several predictive tests in a way that improves on the predictivity of the individual tests. Increases in positive predictivity can be accompanied by decreases in negative predictivity, and vice versa. This article presents a decision-tree classification model for combining results from several independent short-term or diagnostic tests to quantify the likelihood of a true positive result (patient has disease, or chemical is carcinogenic). The decision-tree strategy determines the most advantageous sequence for conducting the predictive tests. The classification model is based on statistical confidence limits on the predictive probability of disease (carcinogenicity) rather than on the central estimate of the predictive probability. This model is applied to the assessment of the abilities of four short-term tests in the prediction of chemical carcinogenicity under the assumption of independence among the four tests, and is used to demonstrate a testing strategy for the application of three pancreatic cancer diagnostic tests. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Chen, James J AU - Kodell, Ralph L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA, jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 235 EP - 250 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Classification KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Pancreatic cancer KW - Statistical analysis KW - Models KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21099021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Decision-Tree+Strategy+for+Combining+Diagnostic+Tests+for+Prediction&rft.au=Chen%2C+James+J%3BKodell%2C+Ralph+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-4036%28199905%2941%3A23.0.CO%3B2-U LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Classification; Carcinogenicity; Statistical analysis; Statistics; Pancreatic cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199905)41:2<235::AID-BIMJ235>3.0.CO;2-U ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying Work-related Fatalities in the Agricultural Production Sector Using Two National Occupational Fatality Surveillance Systems, 1990-1995 AN - 17455997; 4670455 AB - Workers in the agriculture industry have consistently been identified as being at high risk for death and injury. Production agriculture, the segment of the agriculture industry that represents farming, has been shown to have higher rates of fatalities than the agriculture industry as a whole. The purpose of the manuscript was to provide a descriptive analysis of agricultural production fatalities for the years 1990 through 1995. Two national occupational fatality data sources were used to calculate agricultural production fatality rates: the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). Employment estimates for calculating fatality rates came from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The majority of agricultural production worker decedents were white male farmers. The leading sources of injury were farm tractors, followed by trucks and harvesting equipment. Older agricultural workers (65+ years of age) were at high risk for death, with the most likely fatal event being the overturning of a tractor in a non-highway environment. Black workers in the agricultural production industry, and the occupation of black farmers in particular, were identified as having high fatal injury rates by race. Young Hispanic workers also exhibited a high fatality rate. Farm tractors were a leading source of injury resulting in death for males and females; however, there were gender differences in other types of fatalities. Females, while accounting for a small percentage of the total fatalities in agriculture production, had a higher proportion of deaths due to animals than did males, and also had a higher proportion of deaths due to being caught in running equipment than males. The two national occupational fatality surveillance systems, while showing differences in overall numbers, generally identified similar patterns of death for agricultural production workers. Finally, no clear downward trend for agricultural production fatalities was found, which is contrary to trends seen in the general worker population over the same time period. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Hard, D L AU - Myers, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Casini, V J AU - Morton, L L AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd. MS/P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 155 EP - 169 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - elderly KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - Gender KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Identifying+Work-related+Fatalities+in+the+Agricultural+Production+Sector+Using+Two+National+Occupational+Fatality+Surveillance+Systems%2C+1990-1995&rft.au=Hard%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BMorton%2C+L+L%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gender; Age; Injuries; Accidents; Agriculture; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unusual distributions of body fat in AIDS patients: A review of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration AN - 17435222; 4649073 AB - This report summarizes postmarketing adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that describe unusual or abnormal fat distribution in association with anti-retroviral therapies. Reports associated will protease inhibitors were compared to those associated with non-protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapies. The Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) and Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) of the FDA MEDWATCH post-marketing surveillance system served as the database. Four protease inhibitors (saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and ritonavir) and seven nonprotease inhibitors (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, and delavirdine) were searched for reports relating to: weight increase, unusual fat deposition, Cushing's syndrome, or Cushingoid appearance. Each drug was searched for its "life" from time of initial approval through a uniform database cutoff of March 18, 1998. A total of 62 cases of abnormal fat accumulation were reported in association with one or several of the four approved protease inhibitors compared to three cases reported in association with the seven non-protease inhibitor based therapies. Case descriptions varied, and included abdominal fat accumulation, breast enlargement, thick necks, buffalo humps, multiple lipomatous growths, Cushingoid features, centralized fat redistribution, and mesenteric, omental, and retroperitoneal fat accumulation. Some subjects switched or stopped their antiretroviral therapy, others underwent surgery to remove the fat, and many considered their symptoms disabling. The pathophysiologic mechanism for these events remains unclear and a causal link to a specific drug or drug class is uncertain. Patients and clinicians reporting to the MEDWATCH system, however, have clearly associated the development of abnormal body fat with protease inhibitors as opposed to other antiretroviral therapies. JF - AIDS Patient Care and STDs AU - Mann, M AU - Piazza-Hepp, T AU - Koller, E AU - Struble, K AU - Murray, J AD - 13712 Springdale, Dr. Clarksville, MD 21029, USA, mannm@eder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 287 EP - 295 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1087-2914, 1087-2914 KW - man KW - HIV KW - antiviral agents KW - body fat KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Reviews KW - Body fat KW - Drugs KW - Side effects KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17435222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Patient+Care+and+STDs&rft.atitle=Unusual+distributions+of+body+fat+in+AIDS+patients%3A+A+review+of+adverse+events+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Mann%2C+M%3BPiazza-Hepp%2C+T%3BKoller%2C+E%3BStruble%2C+K%3BMurray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Patient+Care+and+STDs&rft.issn=10872914&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Drugs; Side effects; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Body fat; Antiviral agents; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohort mortality study of 57 000 painters and other union members: a 15 year update AN - 17407073; 4634750 AB - To study mortality patterns in the largest existing cohort of painters, 15 years of follow up were added to a study of 42 170 painters and 14 316 non-painters based on union records. There were 23 458 deaths, compared with 5313 in the earlier follow up. Comparisons with the United States population showed significantly increased rates in painters for lung cancer (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.17 to 1.29), bladder cancer (SMR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43), liver cancer (SMR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50), and stomach cancer (SMR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.59). However, in direct comparisons with non-painters only the excesses for lung cancer (SRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.35, increasing to 1.32, 95% CI 16 to 1.93 with 20 years latency) and bladder cancer (SRR 1.77, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.77) were confirmed. Some confounding by smoking may affect these two outcomes, particularly with external referents. Cirrhosis of the liver was increased for both painters and nonpainters (SMRs 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.35, and 1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51, respectively), possibly indicating high alcohol consumption. Suicide (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.38) and homicide (SMR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.75) were increased for painters but not for non-painters; neuropsychiatric diseases have been associated with painters in earlier studies. The results suggest modest occupational risks for lung and bladder cancer; these results are consistent with existing publications. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified painting as an occupation definitely associated with cancer. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Palu, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45208, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 315 EP - 321 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - painters KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Urinary bladder KW - Cancer KW - Lung KW - Liver KW - Occupational exposure KW - Paints KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cohort+mortality+study+of+57+000+painters+and+other+union+members%3A+a+15+year+update&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BPalu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Cancer; Occupational exposure; Paints; Liver; Lung; Urinary bladder ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Exposure to Methyl Methacrylate Among Dental Laboratory Technicians AN - 17379401; 4610211 AB - Following the diagnosis of two cases of occupational asthma among dental technicians, an industrial hygiene survey was conducted in two dental laboratories to determine time-weighted average and peak concentrations of methyl methacrylate vapor and time-weighted average concentration of acrylic dust. The time-weighted average concentrations of methyl methacrylate vapor were 0.7 ppm and 1.6 ppm and average peak concentrations were 9.3 ppm and 9.7 ppm for the first and second laboratory, respectively. The use of a local exhaust ventilation system was significant in reducing the peak concentration of methyl methacrylate vapor in the breathing zone of dental technicians. However, the local exhaust ventilation was not efficient in reducing the concentration of airborne acrylic dusts. Occupational exposure of dental technicians to dental materials, in particular to methyl methacrylate, requires further investigation. Local exhaust ventilation systems can reduce the concentration of methyl methacrylate in the dental laboratories to a significant extent if installed and used properly. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Nayebzadeh, A AU - Dufresne, A AD - McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, 3450 University, F.D.A. Bldg. Suite 30, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A 7 Canada, atanay@epid.lan.mcgill.ca Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 625 EP - 628 PB - American Industrial Hygiene Association VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - man KW - dentistry KW - methyl methacrylate KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Asthma KW - Dentistry KW - Medical personnel KW - Air pollution KW - Vapors KW - Airborne particulates KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Exposure+to+Methyl+Methacrylate+Among+Dental+Laboratory+Technicians&rft.au=Nayebzadeh%2C+A%3BDufresne%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nayebzadeh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F0002-8894%281999%290602.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Asthma; Medical personnel; Vapors; Dentistry; Air pollution; Airborne particulates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0625:EOETMM>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulated Workplace Performance of N95 Respirators AN - 17378279; 4610210 AB - During July 1995 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began to certify nine new classes of particulate respirators. To determine the level of performance of these respirators, NIOSH researchers conducted a study to (1) measure the simulated workplace performance of 21 N95 respirator models, (2) determine whether fit-testing affected the performance, and (3) investigate the effect of varying fit-test pass/fail criteria on respirator performance. The performance of each respirator model was measured by conducting 100 total penetration tests. The performance of each respirator model was then estimated by determining the 95th percentile of the total penetration through the respirator (i.e., 95% of wearers of that respirator can expect to have a total penetration value below the 95th percentile penetration value). The 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator without fit-testing ranged from 6 to 88%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was 33%, which exceeds the amount of total penetration (10%) normally expected of a half-mask respirator. When a surrogate fit test (1% criterion) was applied to the data, the 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator decreased to 1 to 16%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was only 4%. Therefore, fit-testing of N95 respirators is necessary to ensure that the user receives the expected level of protection. The study also found that respirator performance was dependent on the value of the pass/fail criterion used in the surrogate fit-test. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Coffey, C C AU - Campbell, D L AU - Zhuang, Ziqiang AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 618 EP - 624 PB - American Industrial Hygiene Association VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - certification KW - safety regulations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Government regulations KW - Occupational safety KW - Respirators KW - Protective equipment KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Simulated+Workplace+Performance+of+N95+Respirators&rft.au=Coffey%2C+C+C%3BCampbell%2C+D+L%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqiang&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F0002-8894%281999%290602.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Protective equipment; Respirators; Government regulations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0618:SWPONR>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of intact apples after immersion in an aqueous environment containing Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 17368976; 4587577 AB - The extent and location of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination after intact apples were immersed in cold (2 degree C) 1% peptone water containing approximately 3 X 10 super(7) CFU/ml was assessed using four apple varieties, Golden Delicious, McIntosh, Red Delicious, and Braeburn. Room temperature and refrigerated apples were used to determine the effect of temperature differential on E. coli infiltration. The highest levels of E. coli were associated with the outer core region of the apple, followed by the skin. Apples were subsequently treated by immersing them for 1 min in 2,000 mg/liter sodium hypochlorite, followed by a 1-min tapwater rinse. This treatment reduced pathogen levels by 1- to 3-log cycles but did not eliminate the microorganism, particularly from the outer core region. While E. coli was not detected in the inner core of most apples, warm fruit immersed in cold peptone water occasionally internalized the pathogen. The frequency and extent of internalization of the pathogen was less when cold apples were immersed in cold peptone water. Subsequent dye uptake studies with Golden Delicious apples indicated that approximately 6% of warm apples immersed into a cold dye solution accumulated dye via open channels leading from the blossom end into the core region. However, dye uptake did not occur when the dye solution was warmer than the apple. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AU - Miller, R L AU - Sapers, G M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C-Street SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA, rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 444 EP - 450 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - apples KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Fruits KW - Contamination KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Malus domestica KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17368976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+intact+apples+after+immersion+in+an+aqueous+environment+containing+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G%3BMiller%2C+R+L%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Fruits; Temperature effects; Contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of digoxigenin-labeled PCR amplicon probes for use in the detection and identification of enteropathogenic Yersinia and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from foods AN - 17315087; 4587576 AB - By including digoxigenin-11-dUTP in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification products were produced that contained nonisotopic markers for use as DNA hybridization probes. Because these labeled amplicons encode pathogenic traits for specific foodborne bacteria, they can be used to detect the presence of potentially virulent organisms that may be present in foods. This technology allows the synthesis of a variety of shelf-stable probe reagents for detecting a number of foodborne microbes of public health concern. We used this technology to detect four genes in two potential pathogens: virF and yadA in enteropathogenic Yersinia and stx sub(1) and stx sub(2) in Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Results of DNA hybridizations of dot blots of 68 Yersinia strains and 24 of 25 E. coli strains were consistent with results of equivalent PCR analyses. DNA colony hybridization with nonisotopic virF probes of colonies arising on spread plates from artificially contaminated food homogenates was able to detect potentially pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. When compared with oligonucleotide probes, amplicon probes are much less sensitive to changes in hybridization and wash temperatures, allowing greater reproducibility. Labeled probe preparations were reused more than five times and have been stored at -20 degree C for more than 8 months. This method conveniently generates probes that are safe, stable, inexpensive, reusable, and reliable. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Weagant, S D AU - Jagow, JA AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Omiecinski, C J AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Hill, W E AD - Seattle District Laboratory and Seafood Products Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive Southeast, P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, Washington 98041, USA, sweagant@caora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 438 EP - 443 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Shiga toxin KW - detection KW - identification KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioassays KW - Food KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Yersinia KW - Toxins KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Development+of+digoxigenin-labeled+PCR+amplicon+probes+for+use+in+the+detection+and+identification+of+enteropathogenic+Yersinia+and+Shiga+toxin-producing+Escherichia+coli+from+foods&rft.au=Weagant%2C+S+D%3BJagow%2C+JA%3BJinneman%2C+K+C%3BOmiecinski%2C+C+J%3BKaysner%2C+CA%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Weagant&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Yersinia; Bioassays; Toxins; Polymerase chain reaction; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated one-step supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up system for the analysis of pesticide residues in fatty matrices. AN - 69775025; 10335613 AB - An automated supercritical fluid extraction and in-line clean-up system has been developed for organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues contained in fats. This procedure utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 3% acetonitrile at 27.58 MPa and 60 degrees C to extract and separate the pesticide residues from the fat on a C1 bonded phase preparative column at 95 degrees C. The automated C1 system recovers 86 of 117 nonpolar to moderately polar organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides from fats. Ten of the 31 pesticides not recovered through the system are not recovered through the conventional clean-up sorbent, Florisil. Pesticide residues can be separated from 0.68 g of butter fat and 0.67 g corn oil, resulting in 2.9 mg of butterfat and 2.1 mg corn oil residue co-eluting into the pesticide fraction. Also, this integrated method can extract and clean-up a 5 g sample of fatty foods containing < 18% fat and 70% moisture. The automated C1 system is reproducible and the amount of co-extracted sample residue in the pesticide fraction yields results comparable to the current methodology, which uses organic solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography, along with a final Florisil column clean-up step. This automated C1 system simplifies the extraction and clean-up step while reducing solvent usage and hazardous waste. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Hopper, M L AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet and Pesticide Research Center, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. Marvin Hopper@kan.tdrc@fdaoraswr Y1 - 1999/04/23/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 23 SP - 93 EP - 105 VL - 840 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats, Unsaturated KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Insecticides KW - Magnesium Silicates KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Florisil KW - 1343-88-0 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Butter KW - 8029-34-3 KW - 2-Propanol KW - ND2M416302 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dietary Fats, Unsaturated -- analysis KW - Butter -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Dietary Fats -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- instrumentation KW - Autoanalysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69775025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Automated+one-step+supercritical+fluid+extraction+and+clean-up+system+for+the+analysis+of+pesticide+residues+in+fatty+matrices.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-23&rft.volume=840&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asbestos induces activator protein-1 transactivation in transgenic mice. AN - 69703648; 10213496 AB - Activation of activator protein (AP-1) by crocidolite asbestos was examined in vitro in a JB6 P+ cell line stably transfected with AP-1-luciferase reporter plasmid and in vivo using AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. In in vitro studies, crocidolite asbestos caused a dose- and time-dependent induction of AP-1 activation in cultured JB6 cells. The elevated AP-1 activity persisted for at least 48 h. Crocidolite asbestos also induced AP-1 transactivation in the pulmonary and bronchial tissues of transgenic mice. AP-1 activation was observed at 2 days after intratracheal instillation of the mice with asbestos. At 3 days postexposure, AP-1 activation was elevated 10-fold in the lung tissue and 22-fold in bronchiolar tissue as compared with their controls. The induction of AP-1 activity by asbestos appeared to be mediated through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase family members, including extracellular signal-regulating protein kinase, Erk1 and Erk2. Aspirin inhibited asbestos-induced AP-1 activity in JB6 cells. Pretreatment of the mice with aspirin also inhibited asbestos-induced AP-1 activation in bronchiolar tissue. The data suggest that further investigation of the role of AP-1 activation in asbestos-induced cell proliferation and carcinogenesis is warranted. In addition, investigation of the potential therapeutic benefits of aspirin in the prevention/amelioration of asbestos-induced cancer is justified. JF - Cancer research AU - Ding, M AU - Dong, Z AU - Chen, F AU - Pack, D AU - Ma, W Y AU - Ye, J AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 1884 EP - 1889 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Asbestos, Crocidolite KW - 12001-28-4 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.17 KW - JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Transcriptional Activation -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Asbestos, Crocidolite -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Time Factors KW - Aspirin -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Asbestos -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69703648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Asbestos+induces+activator+protein-1+transactivation+in+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BDong%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+F%3BPack%2C+D%3BMa%2C+W+Y%3BYe%2C+J%3BShi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and purification of a catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1 AN - 17201770; 4485533 AB - A catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1, a strain capable of growth on pyrene, was purified to homogeneity by anion exchange and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The enzyme, like the M. tuberculosis T-catalase, reduced nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of isoniazid (INH) and H sub(2)O sub(2). It also oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and other substrates of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis in the presence of either tert-butyl hydroperoxide or H sub(2)O sub(2). It had a UV /visible absorption spectrum (Soret peak at 406 nm) similar to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis (Soret peak at 408 nm) and identical to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. smegmatis. After electrophoresis on non-denaturing gels the enzyme showed one single protein band with both catalase and peroxidase activity, which were lost after electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was inhibited by sodium azide, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, and isoniazid, but not by isonicotinic acid. The optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and at 25 degree C. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Rafii, F AU - Lunsford, P AU - Hehman, G AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 285 EP - 290 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 173 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - 2-mercaptoethanol KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sodium azide KW - Glutathione KW - Mycobacterium KW - Peroxidase KW - Pyrene KW - Catalase KW - Isoniazid KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17201770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Detection+and+purification+of+a+catalase-peroxidase+from+Mycobacterium+sp.+Pyr-1&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BLunsford%2C+P%3BHehman%2C+G%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Peroxidase; Sodium azide; Catalase; Pyrene; Isoniazid; Glutathione ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercuric chloride-induced apoptosis is dependent on protein synthesis. AN - 69793786; 10355539 AB - Apoptosis is a mode of cell death with morphologic and biochemical features that distinguish it from necrosis. Recent studies demonstrating that mercury compounds initiate apoptosis in cultured cells did not elucidate if the biochemical mechanism of apoptosis involved a dependence on macromolecular synthesis post-insult, i.e. programmed cell death. The objectives of this in vitro study were (1) to determine if HgCl2 cytotoxicity includes an apoptotic component, and (2) to determine if apoptosis is dependent on protein synthesis, i.e. proceeds by an inducible mechanism. Suspensions of mouse lymphoma (L5178Y-R) cells were exposed to 0, 1, 5, or 10 microM HgCl2 and apoptosis was evaluated utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods. At 24 h after exposure, transmission electron microscopy revealed a concentration-related increase in morphologic changes typical of apoptosis: margination of condensed chromatin to the nuclear membrane, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic condensation and vacuolation, nuclear dissolution, and plasma membrane blebbing. An increase in Hg-induced DNA fragmentation (DNA 'ladder') was observed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Time- and concentration-dependent increases in the percent of apoptotic cells were observed at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after HgCl2 exposure using a flow cytometric method that discriminates between cells according to size and granularity. Pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide (CHX), an inhibitor of translation, prior to HgCl2 exposure resulted in a 25-50% reduction in apoptotic cells 24 h after exposure to 10 and 20 microM HgCl2, and concomitantly reduced the overall cytotoxicity compared to HgCl2 alone. These results, although limited to a single cell line, support the hypothesis that HgCl2 induces apoptosis that is dependent, at least in part, upon protein synthesis. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Goering, P L AU - Thomas, D AU - Rojko, J L AU - Lucas, A D AD - Division of Life Sciences, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 12 SP - 183 EP - 195 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Mercuric Chloride KW - 53GH7MZT1R KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- cytology KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- ultrastructure KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Time Factors KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- genetics KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mercuric Chloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69793786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Mercuric+chloride-induced+apoptosis+is+dependent+on+protein+synthesis.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BThomas%2C+D%3BRojko%2C+J+L%3BLucas%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-04-12&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of endoscope sheaths as viral barriers. AN - 85317087; pmid-10201755 AB - OBJECTIVES: Evaluate ENT endoscope sheaths as barriers to virus passage. STUDY DESIGN: "Defective" sheaths covering an endoscope were challenged with virus to determine how many virus particles could be recovered from the endoscope. METHODS: Sheaths with small laser-drilled holes (2 to 30 microm) were challenged with high-titer virus suspensions (10(8) viruses/mL). The inside of the sheath and the endoscope were separately rinsed to recover any virus that penetrated through the hole in the sheath. In an attempt to assess the possible importance of holes in the sheaths, a sequential test was conducted with an initial virus challenge outside a defective sheath (30-micron hole in the sheath), after which the possibly contaminated endoscope was removed and inserted into a second defective sheath (with a 20-micron hole at the same location) to determine whether the contaminating virus would pass outward through the second sheath. RESULTS: Small volumes of virus-containing fluid penetrated through the hole, e.g., 500 virus particles passed through one of three 30-microm holes. A significant fraction of those virus particles was occasionally found on the endoscope after removal from the sheath. Similar results were obtained with sheaths that had small tears (34-84 microm in length, from punctures with fine wires). Although some virus penetration could occur during the initial challenge contaminating the endoscope, no virus was detected passing outward through the second sheath. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a sheath combined with intermediate level disinfection should provide a safe instrument for ENT endoscopy. JF - The Laryngoscope AU - Baker, K H AU - Chaput, M P AU - Clavet, C R AU - Varney, G W AU - To, T M AU - Lytle, C D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. khb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 636 EP - 639 VL - 109 IS - 4 SN - 0023-852X, 0023-852X KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Endoscopes -- virology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Laryngoscopes KW - Equipment Contamination -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85317087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Laryngoscope&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+endoscope+sheaths+as+viral+barriers.&rft.au=Baker%2C+K+H%3BChaput%2C+M+P%3BClavet%2C+C+R%3BVarney%2C+G+W%3BTo%2C+T+M%3BLytle%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Laryngoscope&rft.issn=0023852X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone exposure at a construction site. AN - 69986502; 10457640 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Hall, R M AU - Page, E AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch of NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 203 EP - 207 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Minnesota KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69986502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Ozone+exposure+at+a+construction+site.&rft.au=Hall%2C+R+M%3BPage%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium contamination inside vehicles of machine shop workers. AN - 69984456; 10457644 AB - Inhalation of beryllium particles causes a chronic, debilitating lung disease--chronic beryllium disease (CBD)--in immunologically sensitized workers. Evidence that very low concentrations of beryllium may initiate this chronic disease is provided by incidences of the illness in family members exposed to beryllium dust from workers' clothes and residents in neighborhoods surrounding beryllium refineries. This article describes the results of a cross-sectional survey to evaluate potential take-home beryllium exposures by measuring surface concentrations on the hands and in vehicles of workers at a precision machine shop where cases of CBD had recently been diagnosed. Many workers did not change out of their work clothes and shoes at the end of their shift, increasing the risk of taking beryllium home to their families. Wipe samples collected from workers' hands and vehicle surfaces were analyzed for beryllium content by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results ranged widely, from nondetectable to 40 micrograms/ft2 on workers' hands and up to 714 micrograms/ft2 inside their vehicles, demonstrating that many workers carried residual beryllium on their hands and contaminated the inside of their vehicles when leaving work. The highest beryllium concentrations inside the workers' vehicles were found on the drivers' floor (GM = 19 micrograms/ft2, GSD = 4.9), indicating that workers were carrying beryllium on their shoes into their vehicles. A safe level of beryllium contamination on surfaces is not known, but it is prudent to reduce the potential for workers to carry beryllium away from the work site. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Martyny, J AU - Ellis, K AU - Mroz, M M AU - Newman, L S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hand KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Beryllium -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69984456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Beryllium+contamination+inside+vehicles+of+machine+shop+workers.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BMartyny%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+K%3BMroz%2C+M+M%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic considerations of dexamethasone-induced developmental toxicity in rats. AN - 69791210; 10353314 AB - Dexamethasone (DEX) has been shown to elicit growth stunting and cleft palate in rat fetuses. This investigation characterized DEX dosimetry as various pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluated their impact on developmental toxicity endpoints. DEX pharmacokinetics was evaluated as a single dose on either gestation day (GD) 9 or 14, as well as on GD 14 after multiple daily dosing from GD 9 to GD 14. An additional set of pregnant rats was dosed with DEX on GD 9 through GD 14, pharmacokinetic evaluation was conducted on GD 14 through GD 16, and teratological evaluation was conducted following sacrifice on GD 20. For all pharmacokinetic evaluations, a subcutaneous (sc) injection of 0.8 mg DEX/kg body weight together with 50 microCi 3H-DEX was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood, urine, and feces were collected for 24 or 48 h. At GD 20 sacrifice, maternal tissues as well as fetal brain and liver samples were collected as part of the laparotomy. All samples were assayed using scintillation spectrometry. DEX pharmacokinetic parameters remained similar whether dosing occurred early (GD 9) or late (GD 14) in organogenesis, or dosing occurred on multiple sequential days (GD 9-14). DEX produced maternal and fetal weight loss, fetal lethality, and cleft palate. DEX a-half-life was positively correlated with the percentage of implants affected [(number of non-live + number with cleft palate)/number of implants]/litter. Neither the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), the maximum maternal plasma concentration (Cmax), nor the terminal phase beta-half-life correlated with any fetal outcome parameters. The correlation between the percentage of the litter that was affected and half-life was improved if AUC was added in a stepwise multiple regression. These data suggest that the length of time that DEX is present in the maternal plasma at a sufficiently high concentration (i.e., slower tissue distribution of DEX) appears to be important in determining the risk of an adverse outcome in the offspring. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hansen, D K AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Wall, K S AU - Holson, R R AU - Young, J F AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 230 EP - 239 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Dexamethasone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69791210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+considerations+of+dexamethasone-induced+developmental+toxicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B%3BWall%2C+K+S%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A unified approach to risk assessment for cancer and noncancer endpoints based on benchmark doses and uncertainty/safety factors. AN - 69779429; 10341145 AB - A fundamental goal of toxicology is to determine safe levels of human exposure to toxic substances. In the absence of information to establish dose-response relationships at low exposure levels generally experienced by humans, high-dose to low-dose linear extrapolation is generally used for estimating carcinogenic risks and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level divided by uncertainty (safety) factors is widely used for establishing human exposure guidelines for noncancer effects. The basis and impact of this dichotomy is examined and questioned. It is proposed that a unified approach be adopted for establishing human exposure guidelines for both cancer and noncancer endpoints. It is suggested that a lower confidence limit on the dose estimated to produce an excess incidence of adverse health effects in 10% of the individuals in a human study or 10% of the animals in laboratory experiments be used as a point-of-departure. This dose would be divided by appropriate uncertainty factors to establish human exposure guidelines. For severe irreversible adverse health effects we suggest a total default uncertainty factor (divisor) for animal data on the order of 10,000, which is comparable to current guidelines. For reversible biological effects a smaller default uncertainty factor on the order of 1000 may be employed. This is comparable to the divisor often used currently when the point-of-departure is the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level. It is asserted that the toxicological information generally available does not warrant numerical estimates of risk at low levels of human exposure. Rather, we support a unified approach for all adverse health effects of dividing a benchmark dose by appropriate uncertainty factors to establish guidelines for human exposures to toxic substances. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AU - Krewski, D AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 151 EP - 157 VL - 29 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Benchmarking KW - Carcinogens -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69779429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=A+unified+approach+to+risk+assessment+for+cancer+and+noncancer+endpoints+based+on+benchmark+doses+and+uncertainty%2Fsafety+factors.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BKrewski%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergonomic exposure assessment: an application of the PATH systematic observation method to retail workers. Postures, Activities, Tools and Handling. AN - 69767865; 10330506 AB - This study examined biomechanical stressor variables (physical work exposures) in relation to job title, gender, and back-belt status in 134 retail store workers. The principal concerns were to quantitatively describe physical work exposures and to determine the degrees to which these quantitative variables correlated with job title and with the use of back belts. An additional objective was to assess the inter-rater reliability of the observation method. The systematic observation method employed was based on a modification of the PATH (Postures, Activities, Tools, and Handling) measurement method. Chi-square analysis indicated that the frequencies of bent or twisted postures followed the pattern of unloaders > stockers > department managers. For weight handled per lift, lower, or carry, the pattern was unloaders > department managers > stockers. The mean lifting frequencies per hour were 35.9 for department managers, 48.8 for stockers, and 137.4 for unloaders. Back-belt-wearing percentages were higher for unloaders (63%) compared with stockers (48%) and department managers (25%). Back-belt-wearing workers had higher levels of biomechanical stressor variables, including arm position, twisting, weight handled, and number of lifts per hour. Kappa statistics ranged from 0.5 to 0.63, a level of adequate or good reliability beyond chance. The method employed in this study is applicable in studies that require only fairly crude distinctions among biomechanical stressor variables. Nevertheless, this level of distinction may be sufficient when implementing intervention studies and control strategies for many material-handling-intensive jobs. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Pan, C S AU - Gardner, L I AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Hendricks, S A AU - Chiou, S S AU - Punnett, L AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Observer Variation KW - Posture KW - Male KW - Female KW - West Virginia KW - Protective Devices KW - Human Engineering KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69767865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Ergonomic+exposure+assessment%3A+an+application+of+the+PATH+systematic+observation+method+to+retail+workers.+Postures%2C+Activities%2C+Tools+and+Handling.&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BGardner%2C+L+I%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BHendricks%2C+S+A%3BChiou%2C+S+S%3BPunnett%2C+L&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical hazards of animal handlers. AN - 69759138; 10329900 AB - Animal handlers may be harmed on the job due to injuries inflicted by animals; dangers related to the facility, work activities, and equipment; and weather extremes. Traumatic or venomous attacks by animals can result in fatality. Potentially hazardous features of the work environment include fumigation chambers, cage washers, slippery walking surfaces, needles and scalpels, food preparation equipment, noise, radiation, and motor vehicles. Heat- and cold-related injuries are not uncommon. Attention to safety measures is of critical importance in the field of animal handling. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Langley, R AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 194 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Health KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Bites and Stings -- etiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Animal Husbandry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Veterinarians -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animal Technicians -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bites and Stings -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69759138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Physical+hazards+of+animal+handlers.&rft.au=Langley%2C+R&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of buspirone, an anxiolytic drug. AN - 69750986; 10320950 AB - Buspirone is an anxiolytic drug given at a dosage of 15 mg/day. The mechanism of action of the drug is not well characterised, but it may exert its effect by acting on the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system or by binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors. Following a oral dose of buspirone 20 mg, the drug is rapidly absorbed. The mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) is approximately 2.5 micrograms/L, and the time to reach the peak is under 1 hour. The absolute bioavailability of buspirone is approximately 4%. Buspirone is extensively metabolised. One of the major metabolites of buspirone is 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP), which may contribute to the pharmacological activity of buspirone. Buspirone has a volume of distribution of 5.3 L/kg, a systemic clearance of about 1.7 L/h/kg, an elimination half-life of about 2.5 hours and the pharmacokinetics are linear over the dose range 10 to 40 mg. After multiple-dose administration of buspirone 10 mg/day for 9 days, there was no accumulation of either parent compound or metabolite (1-PP). Administration with food increased the Cmax and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of buspirone 2-fold. After a single 20 mg dose, the Cmax and AUC increased 2-fold in patients with renal impairment as compared with healthy volunteers. The Cmax and AUC were 15-fold higher for the same dose in patients with hepatic impairment compared with healthy individuals. The half-life of buspirone in patients with hepatic impairment was twice that in healthy individuals. The pharmacokinetics of buspirone were not affected by age or gender. Coadministration of buspirone with verapamil, diltiazem, erythromycin and itraconazole substantially increased the plasma concentration of buspirone, whereas cimetidine and alprazolam had negligible effects. Rifampicin (rifampin) decreased the plasma concentrations of buspirone almost 10-fold. JF - Clinical pharmacokinetics AU - Mahmood, I AU - Sahajwalla, C AD - Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Mahmoodi@CDER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 277 EP - 287 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0312-5963, 0312-5963 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine KW - 20980-22-7 KW - Buspirone KW - TK65WKS8HL KW - Index Medicus KW - Renal Insufficiency -- blood KW - Renal Insufficiency -- urine KW - Drug Interactions KW - Area Under Curve KW - Humans KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Aged KW - Male KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- blood KW - Female KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Buspirone -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Buspirone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Buspirone -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69750986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics+and+pharmacodynamics+of+buspirone%2C+an+anxiolytic+drug.&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+I%3BSahajwalla%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.issn=03125963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thrombotic events associated with megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS cachexia. AN - 69741317; 10319362 JF - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) AU - Koller, E AU - Gibert, C AU - Green, L AU - Mann, M AU - Bernstein, B AD - Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 294 EP - 298 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0899-9007, 0899-9007 KW - Appetite Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Megestrol Acetate KW - TJ2M0FR8ES KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Prothrombin Time KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Male KW - Partial Thromboplastin Time KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- complications KW - Cachexia -- drug therapy KW - Cachexia -- complications KW - Appetite Stimulants -- adverse effects KW - Venous Thrombosis -- chemically induced KW - Megestrol Acetate -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69741317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+%28Burbank%2C+Los+Angeles+County%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Thrombotic+events+associated+with+megestrol+acetate+in+patients+with+AIDS+cachexia.&rft.au=Koller%2C+E%3BGibert%2C+C%3BGreen%2C+L%3BMann%2C+M%3BBernstein%2C+B&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+%28Burbank%2C+Los+Angeles+County%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=08999007&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadate-induced activation of activator protein-1: role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 69719421; 10223197 AB - The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the toxicity and carcinogenicity of vanadium might arise from elevation of reactive oxygen species leading to activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). The AP-1 transactivation response has been implicated as causal in transformation responses to phorbol esters and growth factors. To investigate the possible activity of vanadium in the activation of AP-1, we treated mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells stably transfected with an AP-1 luciferase reporter plasmid with various concentrations of vanadate. This resulted in concentration-dependent transactivation of AP-1. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inhibited AP-1 activation induced by vanadate, indicating the involvement of superoxide anion radical (O2-*), hydroxyl radical (*OH) and/or H2O2 in the mechanism of vanadate-induced AP-1 activation. However, sodium formate, a specific *OH scavenger, did not alter vanadate-induced AP-1 activation, suggesting a minimal role for the *OH radical. NADPH enhanced AP-1 activation by increasing vanadate-mediated generation of O2-*. N-acetylcysteine, a thiol-containing antioxidant, decreased activation, further showing that vanadate-induced AP-1 activation involved redox reactions. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited activation of AP-1, demonstrating that PKC is involved in the cell signal cascades leading to vanadate-induced AP-1 activation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements show that JB6 P+ cells are able to reduce vanadate to generate vanadium(IV) in the presence of NADPH. Molecular oxygen was consumed during the vanadate reduction process to generate O2-* as measured by ESR spin trapping using 5,5-dimethyl-L-pyrroline N-oxide as the spin trapping agent. SOD inhibited the ESR spin adduct signal, further demonstrating the generation of O2-* in the cellular reduction of vanadate. These results provide support for a model in which vanadium, like other classes of tumor promoters, transactivates AP-1-dependent gene expression. In the case of vanadium, AP-1 transactivation is dependent on the generation of O2-* and H2O2, but not *OH. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ding, M AU - Li, J J AU - Leonard, S S AU - Ye, J P AU - Shi, X AU - Colburn, N H AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Formates KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Naphthalenes KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - formic acid KW - 0YIW783RG1 KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - calphostin C KW - I271P23G24 KW - Acetylcysteine KW - WYQ7N0BPYC KW - Index Medicus KW - Naphthalenes -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Cell Line -- drug effects KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- pharmacology KW - Oxygen Consumption KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Luciferases -- genetics KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Epidermis -- cytology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Acetylcysteine -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - NADP -- pharmacology KW - Luciferases -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Transfection KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Formates -- pharmacology KW - Protein Kinase C -- physiology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Vanadates -- toxicity KW - Vanadates -- pharmacology KW - Transcriptional Activation -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69719421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Vanadate-induced+activation+of+activator+protein-1%3A+role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BLi%2C+J+J%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BYe%2C+J+P%3BShi%2C+X%3BColburn%2C+N+H%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of a self-administered questionnaire to screen for prenatal alcohol use in Northern Plains Indian women. AN - 69685876; 10198664 AB - This study among American Indian prenatal patients was conducted to validate a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) designed to (1) identify women who had consumed alcohol during pregnancy, (2) identify women who may be at risk of drinking during pregnancy, and (3) determine the quantity and frequency of alcohol and other substance use just before and during pregnancy. The validation involved three components: (1) review of the SAQ responses by a public health nurse; (2) structured patient interview with the research nurse; and (3) medical record abstraction postpartum. Compared to extensive interview and medical record data, the SAQ is sensitive (76.6%) and specific (92.8%) in detecting pregnant women who had consumed alcohol during pregnancy. The SAQ is a useful screening tool for alcohol use in this population. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Bull, L B AU - Kvigne, V L AU - Leonardson, G R AU - Lacina, L AU - Welty, T K AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, PHS Indian Hospital, Rapid City, SD, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 240 EP - 243 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Community Participation KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Incidence KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Surveys and Questionnaires -- standards KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Prenatal Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69685876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Validation+of+a+self-administered+questionnaire+to+screen+for+prenatal+alcohol+use+in+Northern+Plains+Indian+women.&rft.au=Bull%2C+L+B%3BKvigne%2C+V+L%3BLeonardson%2C+G+R%3BLacina%2C+L%3BWelty%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-state survey of consumer food-handling and food-consumption practices. AN - 69684888; 10198661 AB - In the United States, foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5-33 million illnesses a year. Also included in the burden of foodborne illnesses are sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and reactive arthritis. Surveillance for risky food-handling and food-consumption practices can be used to identify high-risk populations, develop educational efforts, and evaluate progress toward risk reduction. In 1995 and 1996, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System interviews of 19,356 adults in eight states (1995: Colorado, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee; 1996: Indiana, New Jersey, and South Dakota) included questions related to food-handling and/or food-consumption practices. Risky food-handling and food-consumption practices were not uncommon. Overall, 19% of respondents did not adequately wash hands or cutting boards after contact with raw meat or chicken. During the previous year, 20% ate pink hamburgers, 50% ate undercooked eggs, 8% ate raw oysters, and 1% drank raw milk. Men were more likely to report risky practices than women. The prevalence of most risky behaviors increased with increasing socioeconomic status. Targeted education efforts may reduce the frequency of these behaviors. Periodic surveillance can be used to assess effectiveness. In addition to consumer education, prevention efforts are needed throughout the food chain including on the farm, in processing, distribution, and at retail. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Yang, S AU - Timbo, B B AU - Angulo, F J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 216 EP - 221 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Probability KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Population Surveillance KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Management KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Health Behavior KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hygiene KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food Handling -- statistics & numerical data KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Feeding Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69684888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=A+multi-state+survey+of+consumer+food-handling+and+food-consumption+practices.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BYang%2C+S%3BTimbo%2C+B+B%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of interrater reliability for posture observations in a field study. AN - 69656167; 10098805 AB - This paper examines the interrater reliability of a quantitative observational method of assessing non-neutral postures required by work tasks. Two observers independently evaluated 70 jobs in an automotive manufacturing facility, using a procedure that included observations of 18 postures of the upper extremities and back. Interrater reliability was evaluated using percent agreement, kappa, intraclass correlation coefficients and generalized linear mixed modeling. Interrater agreement ranged from 26% for right shoulder elevation to 99 for left wrist flexion, but agreement was at best moderate when using kappa. Percent agreement is an inadequate measure, because it does not account for chance, and can lead to inflated measures of reliability. The use of more appropriate statistical methods may lead to greater insight into sources of variability in reliability and validity studies and may help to develop more effective ergonomic exposure assessment methods. Interrater reliability was acceptable for some of the postural observations in this study. JF - Applied ergonomics AU - Burt, S AU - Punnett, L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 121 EP - 135 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Observer Variation KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Posture KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69656167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+ergonomics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+interrater+reliability+for+posture+observations+in+a+field+study.&rft.au=Burt%2C+S%3BPunnett%2C+L&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota. AN - 69622701; 10074531 AB - Enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a Northern Plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the United States. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. Four molecular subtyping methods-ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and single-strand conformation polymorphism-were used to molecularly characterize these strains and compare them to 17 archival South Dakota strains dating back to 1973 through 1983 and to 5 isolates collected from residents of diverse regions of the United States. Ribotyping and RAPD clearly demonstrated the household transmission of isolates and provided precise information on the circulation of several distinct strains within three households. By MEE, most recent and archival South Dakota strains were identified as closely related and clustered within the newly identified ET (electrophoretic type) 215 complex. Furthermore, three recent South Dakota isolates and eight archival South Dakota isolates were indistinguishable by both ribotyping and RAPD. All of these molecular methods showed that recent South Dakota isolates and archival South Dakota isolates were more closely related to each other than to the C. diphtheriae strains isolated in other parts of the United States or worldwide. The data also supported the improbability of importation of C. diphtheriae into this area and rather strongly suggest the long-term persistence of the organism in this region. JF - Journal of clinical microbiology AU - Popovic, T AU - Kim, C AU - Reiss, J AU - Reeves, M AU - Nakao, H AU - Golaz, A AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. TXP1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 1092 EP - 1099 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Diphtheria -- microbiology KW - Diphtheria -- epidemiology KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- classification KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69622701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+molecular+subtyping+to+document+long-term+persistence+of+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+in+South+Dakota.&rft.au=Popovic%2C+T%3BKim%2C+C%3BReiss%2C+J%3BReeves%2C+M%3BNakao%2C+H%3BGolaz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Popovic&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1092&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Immun. 1983 Oct;42(1):48-56 [6311753] Am J Public Health. 1985 Dec;75(12):1393-7 [4061710] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):873-84 [2425735] J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):765-7 [7706801] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 May;33(5):1080-3 [7615709] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Nov;33(11):3061-3 [8576378] Res Microbiol. 1997 Nov;148(8):649-59 [9765850] J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jul;34(7):1711-6 [8784575] J Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;174(5):1064-72 [8896510] Microb Pathog. 1997 Jun;22(6):343-51 [9188089] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Jun 6;46(22):506-10 [9194403] Am J Public Health. 1998 May;88(5):787-91 [9585746] Lancet. 1996 Jun 22;347(9017):1739-44 [8656909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Blending Perspectives and Building Common Ground: A Report to Congress on Substance Abuse and Child Protection. AN - 62388255; ED441206 AB - This report attempts to improve the capacity of teachers, counselors, and other professionals to serve families whose children are at risk due to substance abuse and maltreatment on the part of the caretakers. Any professional coming into contact with these children needs to be aware of the scope of the problem and understand what these children face daily. Although parents abuse alcohol and other drugs at lower rates than do adults without children, 11% of U. S. children live with at least one parent who is either an alcoholic or in need of treatment for the abuse of illicit drugs. Few of these children come into contact with the child welfare system, and most remain in their parent(s)' care for most of their childhood. The two main research findings regarding these children are that: (1) they have poorer developmental outcomes, and (2) they are at risk for abusing substances themselves. This report documents what is known about substance abuse treatment and recovery, and its relationship to maltreatment. Families often come with their problems to find service systems fragmented, and limited in their ability to facilitate safety, permanency, and sobriety. This report sets the stage for many actions that can be taken to improve the nation's capacity to serve families whose children are at the greatest risk. Several service delivery models describing interventions for families with substance abuse and child maltreatment issues are presented. (Contains 3 appendixes, 28 figures, and approximately 175 references.) (Author/JMD) Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 195 PB - National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, P.O. Box 1182, Washington, D.C. 20013-1182. Tel: 800-394-3366 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.aspe.os.dhhs.gov. KW - Child Protection KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Reports KW - At Risk Persons KW - School Counselors KW - Intervention KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Family Violence KW - Teachers KW - Parents KW - Child Abuse KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62388255?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced in consultation with the National Institu N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Relationship between Mental Health and Substance Abuse among Adolescents. Analytic Series: A-9. AN - 62369713; ED436707 AB - This report presents an examination of the association between psychological functioning and substance abuse among adolescents aged 12 to 17 using data from the 1994-1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The survey, conducted annually by Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA), provides estimates of the prevalence of use of a variety of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, based on a nationally representative sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population. In 1994, the NHSDA added the Youth Self-Report, a comprehensive mental health checklist that has been used extensively in studies of adolescents. The instrument generates summary measures of emotional and behavioral problems, as well as measures for specific syndromes. Selected and highlighted findings of the study include: an estimated 13 percent of adolescents had emotional problems as indicated by withdrawal, somatic problems, anxiety, and depression; an estimated 17 percent had behavioral problems indicated by delinquent or aggressive behavior; and the likelihood of substance use is associated with the severity of emotional and behavioral problems across age and gender groups. Specific study results are categorized into sections on illicit drug use, alcohol use, cigarette use, alcohol or illicit drug dependence, and using the Youth Self-Report to identify substance users. (Contains 86 references and 46 tables. Appendices include standard error tables, data and methods, and NHSDA questionnaire items used. (GCP) AU - Ragin, Ann AU - Rasinski, Kenneth A. AU - Cerbone, Felicia Gray AU - Johnson, Robert A. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 130 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD); Web site: , Web site: . KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Reports KW - Substance Abuse KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Anxiety KW - Emotional Problems KW - Psychological Evaluation KW - Mental Health KW - Tables (Data) KW - Behavior Problems KW - Adolescents KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62369713?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National household survey on drug abuse: main findings, 1997 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 98-3200 Nat. household survey on drug abuse ser.: H-5 AN - 59793288; 1998-0804860 AB - Prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco for persons aged 12 and over; US. Three other volumes available under the following titles, "Preliminary results from the 1996 national household survey on drug abuse" (DHHS pub. no. (SMA) 97-3149); "National household survey on drug abuse: population estimates 1996" (DHHS pub. no. (SMA) 97-3137); "1996 NHSDA public use file and codebook" (available from OAS/SAMHSA). Demographic correlates; frequency and patterns of drug use since 1979. JF - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), April 1999. 198+ pp. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 EP - 198+ PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) KW - Drug abuse -- United States -- Statistics KW - Smoking -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Drinking behavior -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1997&rft.title=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Nat Clearinghouse Alcohol and Drug Info pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 17410331; 4633695 AB - Some studies suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may affect glucose metabolism and thyroid function. To further assess the relation between exposure to TCDD and endocrine function, data from the largest morbidity study of industrial workers exposed to TCDD were examined. A cross sectional study of workers employed >15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two United States chemical plants was conducted. The referent group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and were recruited from the neighbourhoods where the workers lived. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. The mean current serum lipid adjusted TCDD concentration among workers was 220 pg/g lipid, and among referents was 7 pg/g lipid (p1500 pg/g lipid. After excluding subjects being treated for diabetes, workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations had a significantly increased adjusted mean serum glucose concentration compared with referents (p=0.03). Workers were also found to have a significantly higher adjusted mean free thyroxine index compared with referents (p=0.02), especially among workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations. However, no evidence was found that workers exposed to TCDD were at increased risk of thyroid disease. These findings provide modest evidence that exposure to TCDD may affect thyroid function and glucose metabolism. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Deddens, J AU - Wall, D K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 270 EP - 276 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - USA KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Glucose metabolism KW - Morbidity KW - Thyroxine KW - Endocrine system KW - Occupational exposure KW - Thyroid KW - TCDD KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Metabolism KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17410331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+diabetes+mellitus%2C+serum+glucose%2C+and+thyroid+function+among+United+States+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BWall%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Thyroid; TCDD; Morbidity; Metabolism; Diabetes mellitus; Glucose metabolism; Endocrine system; Thyroxine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) silica variability, 1990-1998 AN - 17406103; 4623355 AB - Industrial hygiene laboratories use one of three analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction spectrometry, infrared absorption spectrometry, and colorimetric spectrophotometry) for the quantitative determination of crystalline silica. Interlaboratory variability historically has been high for these analyses ( similar to 25-35% relative standard deviation). Agreement between laboratories, as measured by the American Industrial Hygiene Association Proficiency Analytical Testing program over the period April 1990 through April 1998, was studied. Analysis of over 11,000 data points (laboratory/sample/round combinations) showed some significant differences between analytical methods in their relative recovery and precision, although overall mean recoveries were similar for the three techniques. Relative recovery of colorimetric results (but not those of the X-ray or infrared results) was significantly affected by sample loading in the range 40-170 mu g silica per sample. Differences on the order of 5-10% were produced in some intermatrix comparisons for infrared and colorimetric recoveries, but not for those of X-ray. X-ray and infrared techniques were both more precise than colorimetric. Small differences, on the order of 2-5%, were observed in the interlaboratory and intralaboratory relative standard deviations between different matrices for X-ray and infrared analyses, but not for the more variable colorimetric results. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Eller, P M AU - Feng, HA AU - Song, R S AU - Key-Schwartz, R J AU - Esche, CA AU - Groff, J H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 533 EP - 539 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Laboratory testing KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17406103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+%28PAT%29+silica+variability%2C+1990-1998&rft.au=Eller%2C+P+M%3BFeng%2C+HA%3BSong%2C+R+S%3BKey-Schwartz%2C+R+J%3BEsche%2C+CA%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F0002-8894%281999%290602.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Laboratory testing; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0533:PATSV>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A tiered approach to threshold of regulation AN - 17400934; 4633401 AB - This paper presents methods for extending the principle of a single "threshold of regulation" to a range of dietary concentrations between 0.5 and 15 parts per billion by using structure-activity relationships, genotoxicity, and short-term toxicity data. The database used to develop the FDA's threshold of regulation was examined to determine whether structural parameters or the result of certain short-term toxicity tests could be used to define a subset of less potent substances that supports higher threshold levels. In addition, results of reproductive toxicity tests for 3306 compounds and other multidose toxicity tests for 2542 compounds were compared with the database of carcinogenic potencies to establish that carcinogenic endpoints are the most conservative toxicity endpoint for establishing thresholds of regulation. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Cheeseman, MA AU - Machuga, E J AU - Bailey, AB AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-200, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 387 EP - 412 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - structure-activity relationships KW - threshold of regulation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Genotoxicity KW - Government policy KW - Reproduction KW - Dietary intake KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+tiered+approach+to+threshold+of+regulation&rft.au=Cheeseman%2C+MA%3BMachuga%2C+E+J%3BBailey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Cheeseman&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2899%2900024-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government policy; Genotoxicity; Dietary intake; Risk assessment; Reproduction; Carcinogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00024-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of coal mine roof rating (CMRR) to extended cuts AN - 17378238; 4575353 AB - Since first introduced, the coal mine roof rating (CMRR) has been widely accepted as a tool for geologic characterization and mine planning. This paper discusses the application of the CMRR to another practical ground-control problem: extended cuts. Extended cuts, i.e., cuts greater than 6 m (20 ft) in length, are commonly used with remote-control continuous miners. Extended cuts can greatly increase productivity, but they have been associated with a number of fatal roof-falls. When extended cuts are attempted in weak roof material, the roof may collapse before it can be bolted. Until now, it has not been possible to predict where conditions may not be suitable for extended cuts. In this study, data on the CMRR and extended-cut experience were collected at 36 mines in seven of the United States. It was found that, when the CMRR was greater than 56, deep cuts were routine in nearly every case. When the CMRR was less than 37, extended cuts were almost never taken, and, when the CMRR was between 38 and 56, extended cuts were sometimes, but not always, feasible. The data also show that extended cuts are less likely to be stable if either the entry span or the depth of cover increases. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Mark, C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 52 EP - 55 VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - coal mine roof rating KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Structural analysis KW - Coal KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Application+of+coal+mine+roof+rating+%28CMRR%29+to+extended+cuts&rft.au=Mark%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Structural analysis; Mining; Coal; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Anisakis simplex in microwave-processed arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) AN - 17373103; 4587757 AB - The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between survival and temperature of nematodes of the species Anisakis simplex in microwave-processed arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). Ten fillets (each 126 to 467 g, 0.5 to 1.75 cm thick), with an average of five larvae of Anisakis simplex per fillet, were processed to target temperatures on high (100%) power using a commercial 700-W microwave oven. Fillets were neither covered nor rotated and had a temperature probe inserted to two-thirds depth into the thickest portion. After the fillet was digested using a 1% pepsin solution, the viability of nematodes was determined by viewing them under a dissecting microscope. Survival rates were 31% at 140 degree F (60 degree C), 11% at 150 degree F (65 degree C), 2% at 160 degree F (71 degree C), 3% at 165 degree F (74 degree C), and 0% at 170 degree F (77 degree C). Microwave processing of standardized fillet "sandwiches," 14 cm long, 4.5 cm wide, and approximately 1.75 cm high, each of which was preinoculated with 10 live nematodes, resulted in no survival at either 160 degree F or 170 degree F. Using ultraviolet light to detect both viable and nonviable nematodes in fillet sandwiches as an alternative method to pepsin digestion resulted in survival rates of 1% at 140 degree F (60 degree C), 3% at 145 degree F (63 degree C), and 0% at 150 degree F (65 degree C). Smaller fillet sandwiches, which most likely had fewer cold spots during microwave processing, required 150 degree F (65 degree C), whereas larger whole fillets required 170 degree F (77 degree C) to kill larvae of Anisakis simplex. The parasites were most likely inactivated by a thermal mechanism of microwave treatment. Damage to the nematodes was often evident from ruptured cuticles that were no longer resistant to digestive enzymes. The high hydrostatic pressure and low chloride content of the pseudocoelomic fluid probably contributed greatly to the damage incurred by the larvae. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Adams, A M AU - Miller, K S AU - Wekell, M M AU - Dong, F M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seafood Products Research Center, P.O. Box 3012, 22201 23rd Drive S.E., Bothell, Washington 98041-3012, aadams@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 403 EP - 409 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anisakis simplex KW - Arrowtooth flounder KW - Atheresthes stomias KW - Nematoda KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Parasites KW - Microwave radiation KW - Temperature KW - Larvae KW - Seafood KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Fish fillets KW - Hazard assessment KW - Fishery products KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Anisakis+simplex+in+microwave-processed+arrowtooth+flounder+%28Atheresthes+stomias%29&rft.au=Adams%2C+A+M%3BMiller%2C+K+S%3BWekell%2C+M+M%3BDong%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Pathogens; Fish fillets; Fishery products; Hazard assessment; Microwave radiation; Larvae; Temperature; Seafood; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An epidemic of congenital syphilis in Jefferson County, Texas, 1994-1995: Inadequate prenatal syphilis testing after an outbreak in adults AN - 17355441; 4536504 AB - After a syphilis epidemic in Jefferson County, Texas, in 1993 and 1994, congenital syphilis prevalence and risk factors were determined and local prenatal syphilis screening practices were assessed. Medical records were reviewed, pregnant women with syphilis were interviewed, and prenatal care providers were surveyed. Of 91 women, 59 (65%) had infants with congenital syphilis. Among African Americans, the prevalence per 1000 live births was 24.1 in 1994 and 17.9 in 1995. Of the 50 women with at least 2 prenatal care visits who had infants with congenital syphilis, 15 (30%) had received inadequate testing. Only 16% of 31 providers obtained an early third-trimester syphilis test on all patients. Inadequate prenatal testing contributed to this outbreak of congenital syphilis. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Southwick, K L AU - Guidry, H M AU - Weldon, M M AU - Mertz, K J AU - Berman, S M AU - Levine, W C AD - North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, PO Box 29601, Raleigh, NC 27626-0601, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 557 EP - 560 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - USA, Texas KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Congenital infection KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Prenatal diagnosis KW - Syphilis KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17355441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=An+epidemic+of+congenital+syphilis+in+Jefferson+County%2C+Texas%2C+1994-1995%3A+Inadequate+prenatal+syphilis+testing+after+an+outbreak+in+adults&rft.au=Southwick%2C+K+L%3BGuidry%2C+H+M%3BWeldon%2C+M+M%3BMertz%2C+K+J%3BBerman%2C+S+M%3BLevine%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Congenital infection; Syphilis; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Prenatal diagnosis; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis to goldfish, Carassius auratus AN - 17352806; 4517499 AB - Despite the ubiquitous presence of atypical mycobacteria in the environment and the potential risk of infection in humans and animals, the pathogenesis of diseases caused by infection with atypical mycobacteria has been poorly characterized. In this study, goldfish, Carassius auratus were infected either with the rapidly growing fish pathogen, Mycobacterium fortuitum or with another rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Bacterial persistence and pathological host response to mycobacterial infection in the goldfish are described. Mycobacteria were recovered from a high percentage of inoculated fish that developed a characteristic chronic granulomatous response similar to that associated with natural mycobacterial infection. Both M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis were pathogenic to fish. Fish infected with M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 showed the highest level of giant cell recruitment compared to fish inoculated with M. smegmatis mc super(2)155 and M. fortuitum. Of the three strains of mycobacteria examined, M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 was the most virulent strain to goldfish followed by M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis mc super(2)155, respectively. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Talaat, A M AU - Trucksis, M AU - Kane, A S AU - Reimschuessel, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, 4801 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, rreimsch@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 01 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pathogenicity KW - Goldfish KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Granulomatosis KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Mycobacterium fortuitum KW - Persistent infection KW - Carassius auratus KW - Mycobacterium smegmatis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17352806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Mycobacterium+fortuitum+and+Mycobacterium+smegmatis+to+goldfish%2C+Carassius+auratus&rft.au=Talaat%2C+A+M%3BTrucksis%2C+M%3BKane%2C+A+S%3BReimschuessel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Talaat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2899%2900002-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Carassius auratus; Persistent infection; Host-pathogen interactions; Granulomatosis; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00002-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity and liver tumor ras-protooncogene mutations in CD-1 mice treated neonatally with 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene and their trans-7,8-dihydrodiol and aminobenzo[a]pyrene metabolites AN - 17259572; 4554387 AB - The environmental pollutants 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1- and 3-NBaP) are metabolized by mammalian microsomes through ring oxidation to 1-NBaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol and 3-NBaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, and by nitroreduction to 1- and 3-aminobenzo[a]pyrene. To determine if these compounds are tumorigenic, 1- and 3-NBaP, along with several of their metabolites and the parent benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and its trans-7,8-dihydrodiol metabolite, were tested in the neonatal CD-1 mouse bioassay. Male mice were administered i.p. injections at a total dose of 100 or 400 nmol per mouse on 1, 8 and 15 days after birth. While the liver tumor incidences for BaP, BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, and the positive control 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) were significantly higher than in the solvent control animals, all the other tested compounds exhibited no tumorigenicity. The frequency of Ha- and Ki-ras mutations in liver tumors of mice treated with BaP, BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, and 6-NC were higher than in the few liver tumors isolated from control mice or mice treated with the NBaPs or their metabolites. Since 1- and 3-NBaP and their metabolites are potent mutagens in the Salmonella assay and moderate mutagens in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian mutagenicity assay, our results indicate that the in vitro mutagenicity of these compounds does not correlate with their tumorigenicity. JF - Cancer Letters AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Bucci, T AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, pfu@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 137 EP - 143 VL - 137 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ras protein KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Liver KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17259572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Tumorigenicity+and+liver+tumor+ras-protooncogene+mutations+in+CD-1+mice+treated+neonatally+with+1-+and+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+their+trans-7%2C8-dihydrodiol+and+aminobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+metabolites&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BXia%2C+Qingsu%3BBucci%2C+T%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=LS&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Liver; Ras protein; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational Health Psychology: An Emerging Discipline AN - 17245971; 4533078 AB - There is growing concern that rapidly changing patterns of work organization and employment pose risk for occupational illness and injury. In the present article, we assert that these changes create new needs and opportunities for research and practice by psychologists in the area of work organization and health. We begin with an historical overview of the contribution of psychologists to the occupational safety and health field, and to the study of work organization and health. We then describe new initiatives by the American Psychological Association and national health organizations in the United States and Europe to frame a new field of study - called "occupational health psychology" - that focuses on the topic of work organization and health. We conclude with a discussion of emerging research needs and trends within this field. JF - Industrial Health AU - Sauter, S L AU - Hurrel, JJ Jr AU - Fox, H R AU - Tetrick, LE AU - Barling, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 199 EP - 211 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0019-8366, 0019-8366 KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Psychology KW - Stress KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Occupational+Health+Psychology%3A+An+Emerging+Discipline&rft.au=Sauter%2C+S+L%3BHurrel%2C+JJ+Jr%3BFox%2C+H+R%3BTetrick%2C+LE%3BBarling%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sauter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+Health&rft.issn=00198366&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational stress. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Psychology; Stress; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with the Development of Neonatal Tolerance After the Administration of a Plasmid DNA Vaccine AN - 17218554; 4499189 AB - A plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein of malaria (pCSP) induces tolerance rather than immunity when administered to newborn mice. We find that this tolerance persists for > 1 yr after neonatal pCSP administration and interferes with the induction of protective immunity in animals challenged with live sporozoites. Susceptibility to tolerance induction wanes rapidly with age, disappearing within 1 wk of birth. Higher doses of plasmid are more tolerogenic, and susceptibility to tolerance is not MHC-restricted. CD8 super(+) T cells from tolerant mice suppress the in vitro Ag-specific immune response of cells from adult mice immunized with pCSP. Similarly, CD8 super(+) T cells from tolerant mice transfer nonresponsiveness to naive syngeneic recipients. These findings clarify the cellular basis and factors contributing to the development of DNA vaccine-induced neonatal tolerance. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Ichino, M AU - Mor, G AU - Conover, J AU - Weiss, W R AU - Takeno, M AU - Ishii, K J AU - Klinman, D M AD - Building 29A, Room 3D10, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, klinman@al.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 01 SP - 3814 EP - 3818 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - DNA vaccines KW - mice KW - neonates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Vaccines KW - Plasmids KW - Immunological tolerance KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17218554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Factors+Associated+with+the+Development+of+Neonatal+Tolerance+After+the+Administration+of+a+Plasmid+DNA+Vaccine&rft.au=Ichino%2C+M%3BMor%2C+G%3BConover%2C+J%3BWeiss%2C+W+R%3BTakeno%2C+M%3BIshii%2C+K+J%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ichino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; Immunological tolerance; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins: Challenges and Opportunities AN - 17182493; 4478380 AB - Research management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins is both challenging and filled with opportunities. From the perspective of public health practice, research management is more than just research managers managing discrete programs; it requires everyone involved in the process to become active participants, including researchers, communities, potential interest groups, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Agencies, organizations, and individuals responsible for managing research and resources in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins are facing problems of decreased research funding, data gaps, and research quality. Managers of research and resources in the basins face many challenges as they address these problems. They are challenged with strengthening the link between research and management in the face of decreasing resources and increasing expectations of results and findings while extending those results and findings to public health practice. A number of actions and activities have been proposed that can lead to better management of constrained programs, pooled resources, partnerships, targeted priorities, and improved effectiveness. With guidance and assistance from the International Joint Commission (IJC), research managers in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins who have initiated and maintained traditional research programs based on sound science are now adopting different and innovative management strategies. The research community must be proactive in articulating the role of science in bridging the gaps in knowledge between public health practice and regulatory programs. Supported by a firm foundation of credible science, critical assessment, and public service, basin research managers are recognizing the need to move outside the comfort zone and extend to areas previously unwelcomed or uncomfortable. JF - Environmental Research AU - De rosa, CT AU - Rosemond, Z A AU - Cibulas, W AU - Gilman AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, Canada Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 274 EP - 279 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - North America, St. Lawrence R. KW - Research KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Research priorities KW - Resource management KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Lake basins KW - River basins KW - Economic aspects KW - Public health KW - Research programmes KW - Future planning KW - Data acquisition KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08105:Research programmes, expeditions and vessels KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning KW - Q2 09105:Research programmes and expeditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17182493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Research+Management+in+the+Great+Lakes+and+St.+Lawrence+River+basins%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.au=De+rosa%2C+CT%3BRosemond%2C+Z+A%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BGilman&rft.aulast=De+rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research programmes; Resource management; Management; Lake basins; River basins; Data acquisition; Public health; Research priorities; Management planning; Future planning; Economic aspects; North America, Great Lakes; North America, St. Lawrence R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing the risks of drug interactions AN - 17249239; 4532857 AB - Many drug interactions are inconsequential, but others can be deadly. With some basic information, you can pinpoint the combinations that are most likely to cause trouble for your patients. JF - Patient Care AU - Goldman, SA AU - Horn, J R AU - Weart, C W AD - MedWatch, the FDA Medical Products Reporting Program, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1999/03/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 30 SP - 26 EP - 42 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0031-305X, 0031-305X KW - drug interaction KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Side effects KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17249239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patient+Care&rft.atitle=Minimizing+the+risks+of+drug+interactions&rft.au=Goldman%2C+SA%3BHorn%2C+J+R%3BWeart%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-03-30&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Patient+Care&rft.issn=0031305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Side effects; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ibogaine blocked methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia and induction of heat shock protein in mice. AN - 69655609; 10095030 AB - Body temperature changes and heat shock protein (HSP-72) induction in the caudate nucleus were studied in female C57BL/6N mice pretreated with ibogaine (50 mg/kg) and sacrificed 48 h. after a single dose of methamphetamine (20 mg/kg). Methamphetamine injection resulted in hyperthermia and induced HSP-72 expression, whereas treatment with ibogaine alone produced hypothermia. The ibogaine followed by methamphetamine injection showed no hyperthermia and decreased HSP-72 expression. These data indicate that pretreatment with ibogaine can completely block methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia and HSP-72 expression in the striatum. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Yu, X AU - Imam, S Z AU - Newport, G D AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9205, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 27 SP - 213 EP - 216 VL - 823 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Fever -- prevention & control KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Ibogaine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69655609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Ibogaine+blocked+methamphetamine-induced+hyperthermia+and+induction+of+heat+shock+protein+in+mice.&rft.au=Yu%2C+X%3BImam%2C+S+Z%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-03-27&rft.volume=823&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of biomechanical stresses during drywall lifting AN - 17252236; 4525446 AB - Constant lifting of massive and bulky drywall sheets creates overexertion hazards among drywall installers. The objective of this study was to gain understanding of the biomechanical stresses imposed on the workers while lifting drywall sheets. A video analysis was performed to identify current drywall lifting techniques. Computer simulations of these techniques for lifting drywall sheets of 60, 80, and 100 lb were then conducted to estimate the biomechanical loadings on the workers. Four lifting methods were determined to be the most commonly used drywall lifting techniques. The University of Michigan Three-Dimensional Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP) was used for the simulations. It was found that all four lifting techniques produced considerable biomechanical stresses at the workers' shoulders, torsos, and hips. Only a limited percentage of the male population has sufficient strength capability to perform the task. The estimated L5/S1 and L4/L5 disc compression forces were consistently high, ranging from 655 to 1363 lb for various loads and postures analyzed. Results from this study provided evidence regarding the biomechanical stresses associated with drywall lifting. Further studies are recommended to identify less stressful drywall lifting methods and to develop safe assistive devices to reduce overexertion injuries. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S S AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/03/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 20 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 23 IS - 5-6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - biomechanics KW - drywall KW - lifting KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Stress KW - Ergonomics KW - Occupational health KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+biomechanical+stresses+during+drywall+lifting&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-20&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Stress; Ergonomics; Materials handling; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3-Dimensional visualization of lesions in rat brain using magnetic resonance imaging microscopy. AN - 69697451; 10208540 AB - High-resolution (< 50 microm) magnetic resonance imaging microscopy (MRM) has been used to identify brain regions and localization of excitotoxin-induced lesions in fixed rat brains, subsequently confirmed using standard histology. The anatomical extent of lesions identified by MRM was identical to that seen in histological sections and various histopathological changes could be visualized. In contrast to the time involved in preparing and examining histological sections, lesions in intact brains could be rapidly identified and visualized in three dimensions by examining digitally generated sections in any plane. This study shows that MRM has tremendous potential as a prescreening tool for neurotoxicity and neuropathology. These observations suggest that MRM has the potential to affect pathology much as conventional MRI has influenced clinical imaging. JF - Neuroreport AU - Lester, D S AU - Lyon, R C AU - McGregor, G N AU - Engelhardt, R T AU - Schmued, L C AU - Johnson, G A AU - Johannessen, J N AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 17 SP - 737 EP - 741 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0959-4965, 0959-4965 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Animals KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Microscopy KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Brain Diseases -- pathology KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Brain -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69697451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroreport&rft.atitle=3-Dimensional+visualization+of+lesions+in+rat+brain+using+magnetic+resonance+imaging+microscopy.&rft.au=Lester%2C+D+S%3BLyon%2C+R+C%3BMcGregor%2C+G+N%3BEngelhardt%2C+R+T%3BSchmued%2C+L+C%3BJohnson%2C+G+A%3BJohannessen%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-17&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroreport&rft.issn=09594965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected macrophages induce inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (NO) production in astrocytes: astrocytic NO as a possible mediator of neural damage in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AN - 69613003; 10068656 AB - Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in normal neural cell function. Dysregulated or overexpression of NO contributes to neurologic damage associated with various pathologies, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurological disease. Previous studies suggest that HIV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) produce low levels of NO in vitro and that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in the brain of patients with neurologic disease. However, the levels of NO could not account for the degree of neural toxicity observed. In this study, we found that induction of iNOS with concomitant production of NO occurred in primary human astrocytes, but not in MDM, when astrocytes were cocultured with HIV-1-infected MDM. This coincided with decreased HIV replication in infected MDM. Supernatants from cocultures of infected MDM and astrocytes also stimulated iNOS/NO expression in astrocytes, but cytokines known to induce iNOS expression (interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were not detected. In addition, the recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein gp41, but not rgp120, induced iNOS in cocultures of uninfected MDM and astrocytes. This suggests that astrocytes may be an important source of NO production due to dysregulated iNOS expression and may constitute one arm of the host response resulting in suppression of HIV-1 replication in the brain. It also leads us to speculate that neurologic damage observed in HIV disease may ensue from prolonged, high level production of NO. JF - Blood AU - Hori, K AU - Burd, P R AU - Furuke, K AU - Kutza, J AU - Weih, K A AU - Clouse, K A AD - Division of Cytokine Biology and the Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 1843 EP - 1850 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0006-4971, 0006-4971 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - NOS2 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Virus Replication KW - Coculture Techniques KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Monocytes -- virology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Mammalian KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Macrophages -- enzymology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Macrophages -- virology KW - Macrophages -- physiology KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - HIV-1 -- physiology KW - Astrocytes -- enzymology KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- biosynthesis KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69613003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Human+immunodeficiency+virus-1-infected+macrophages+induce+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+and+nitric+oxide+%28NO%29+production+in+astrocytes%3A+astrocytic+NO+as+a+possible+mediator+of+neural+damage+in+acquired+immunodeficiency+syndrome.&rft.au=Hori%2C+K%3BBurd%2C+P+R%3BFuruke%2C+K%3BKutza%2C+J%3BWeih%2C+K+A%3BClouse%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Hori&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Blood&rft.issn=00064971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An estimator of the mutant frequency in assays using transgenic animals AN - 17199399; 4485786 AB - The Poisson distribution is a fundamental probability model for count data, and is a natural model for the observed plaque counts in mutation assays using animals with lambda or Phi X174 transgenes. The Poisson likelihood for observed counts is a function of the mutant fraction, and it is straightforward to derive the associated maximum likelihood estimate of the mutant fraction and its variance. The estimate is easy to calculate, and if not the same, very similar to ad hoc estimates in current use. The model indicates the proper way to combine data from a number of plates, possibly prepared with different sample dilutions. The estimator of the mutant fraction is biased as a consequence of dividing by a random variable, the plaque count used to calculate the total recovered plaque-forming units. Fortunately, the bias becomes negligible as this count becomes large. On the other hand, increasing this count can increase the variance by decreasing the amount of sample assayed for mutant phages. Concurrent heed to the bias and the variance provides some guidance as to the optimum allocation of a sample into portions assayed for mutant phages and total recovered phages. The distribution of the estimate of the mutant fraction is related to the binomial distribution. This relationship implies a binomial distribution for the mutant count conditional on an overall count (either the sum of mutant and counted total plaques or the sum of counted mutant and non-mutant plaques). A special but important case occurs when each plate can be evaluated for mutant plaques and non-mutant plaques. Then, the observed proportion of mutants estimates the mutant fraction. More generally, the relationship to a binomial distribution provides a procedure for calculating a confidence interval. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Malling, H V AU - Chen, J B AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, HFT-20, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 101 EP - 108 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 440 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Poisson distribution KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Transgenic animals KW - Genotoxicity testing KW - Mutant frequency KW - Toxicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=An+estimator+of+the+mutant+frequency+in+assays+using+transgenic+animals&rft.au=Delongchamp%2C+R+R%3BMalling%2C+H+V%3BChen%2C+J+B%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Delongchamp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=440&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mutant frequency; Transgenic animals; Toxicity testing; Genotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic instability in silica- and cadmium chloride-transformed BALB/c-3T3 and tumor cell lines by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. AN - 69639337; 10082922 AB - Our earlier studies using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis have shown genetic instability in human lung cancer tissues. Here we have investigated the potential for genetic instability in silica- and cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cell lines. Non-transformed, transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, and tumor cell lines (obtained by injecting nude mice with transformed cell lines) were analyzed for genomic changes. DNAs from 10 different transformed clones and their corresponding tumor cell lines were amplified individually by RAPD analysis using 10 arbitrary primers. DNA from non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells was used as a control to compare genetic alterations, if any, between non-transformed, transformed and tumor cell populations. PCR products from RAPD were electrophoretically separated on agarose gels and the banding profiles were visualized by ethidium bromide staining. Five of the 10 primers tested revealed genomic changes in silica-transformed cell lines when compared to non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. Comparison of all 10 transformed and tumor cell lines showed varied degrees of genomic changes using all 10 primers. CdCl2-transformed cell lines displayed fewer genomic changes, only three of 10 primers showed a positive result. CdCl2-transformed cells and their corresponding tumor cell lines showed specific banding pattern differences in six of the 10 samples tested with six of the 10 primers. Changes in band intensity were the most commonly observed changes both in silica- and CdCl2-transformed and tumor cell lines. The results seem to indicate a progressive change in genomic rearrangements which may directly or indirectly be associated with progression of tumorigenesis. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Keshava, C AU - Keshava, N AU - Zhou, G AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T M AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/10/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 10 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 425 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Cadmium Chloride KW - J6K4F9V3BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - DNA Fingerprinting KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Mutation KW - Cadmium Chloride -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69639337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genomic+instability+in+silica-+and+cadmium+chloride-transformed+BALB%2Fc-3T3+and+tumor+cell+lines+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis.&rft.au=Keshava%2C+C%3BKeshava%2C+N%3BZhou%2C+G%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-10&rft.volume=425&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DNA adduct levels associated with exogenous and endogenous exposures in human pancreas in relation to metabolic genotype. AN - 69609191; 10064866 AB - Recently, we examined normal human pancreas tissue for DNA adducts derived from either exogenous chemical exposure and/or endogenous agents. In an effort to explain the different types and levels of DNA adducts formed in the context of individual susceptibility to cancer, we have focused on gene-environment interactions. Here, we report on the levels of hydrophobic aromatic amines (AAs), specifically those derived from 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and DNA adducts associated with oxidative stress in human pancreas. Although these adducts have been reported in several human tissues by different laboratories, a comparison of the levels of these adducts in the same tissue samples has not been performed. Using the same DNA, the genotypes were determined for N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and NAD(P)H quinone reductase-1 (NQO1) as possible modulators of adduct levels because their gene products are involved in the detoxification of AAs, lipid peroxidation products and in redox cycling. These results indicate that ABP-DNA adducts, malondialdehyde-DNA adducts, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) adducts are present at similar levels. Of the metabolic genotypes examined, the presence of ABP-DNA adducts was strongly associated with the putative slow NAT1*4/*4 genotype, suggesting a role for this pathway in ABP detoxification. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Thompson, P A AU - Seyedi, F AU - Lang, N P AU - MacLeod, S L AU - Wogan, G N AU - Anderson, K E AU - Tang, Y M AU - Coles, B AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. pthompson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 08 SP - 263 EP - 274 VL - 424 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pancreas -- pathology KW - DNA Adducts -- genetics KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69609191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DNA+adduct+levels+associated+with+exogenous+and+endogenous+exposures+in+human+pancreas+in+relation+to+metabolic+genotype.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+P+A%3BSeyedi%2C+F%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BMacLeod%2C+S+L%3BWogan%2C+G+N%3BAnderson%2C+K+E%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BColes%2C+B%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-03-08&rft.volume=424&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of worker lead exposures and cleaning effectiveness during removal of deteriorated lead-based paint. AN - 69979215; 10453632 AB - We evaluated worker lead exposures and cleaning effectiveness during initial cleanup of 19th-century buildings with highly deteriorated lead-based paint. Eighteen rooms of similar size and condition in two university-owned buildings were selected for a pilot project to compare three methods for removing loose paint, paint chips, and dust. The methods used were: dry scraping followed by dry sweeping (no engineering or work practice controls); wet scraping and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) vacuuming; and the latter method with the addition of a portable HEPA-filtered exhaust fan in the room providing about 40 air changes per hour. The final step for all methods was wet-mopping once with tri-sodium phosphate solution. During a single day 18 rooms were cleaned; each of three two-person work crews cleaned six rooms, two with each method. Air and surface samples were collected before, during, and after cleaning. All of the methods were potentially hazardous to workers: 44 percent of the method-based exposures (range: 5.0-360 micrograms/m3) and one of five full-shift exposures exceeded the OSHA PEL (range 9.4-110 micrograms/m3). Lowest worker exposures were during the wet scraping and vacuuming method (mean: 24 micrograms/m3). Providing general ventilation in rooms did not reduce worker exposures and appeared to increase them (mean: 73 micrograms/m3). Overall, the mean floor surface lead levels were reduced 50 percent after cleaning (from 2,600 to 1,300 micrograms/ft2), but the effectiveness of the three methods in reducing floor lead levels did not differ significantly. Overall, the method, mean paint lead concentration, pre-cleaning surface lead concentration, and work crew were significantly associated with the mean worker exposures during cleaning (p = 0.023), but not with the post-cleaning surface lead concentrations (p = 0.13). JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Sussell, A AU - Hart, C AU - Wild, D AU - Ashley, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Protective Clothing KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Pilot Projects KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Housekeeping -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69979215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+worker+lead+exposures+and+cleaning+effectiveness+during+removal+of+deteriorated+lead-based+paint.&rft.au=Sussell%2C+A%3BHart%2C+C%3BWild%2C+D%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sussell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection on offshore drilling rigs. AN - 69978463; 10453623 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Mattorano, D A AU - Merínar, T AD - NIOSH, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Petroleum KW - Hydrogen Sulfide KW - YY9FVM7NSN KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - California KW - Humans KW - Pacific Ocean KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Mining KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hydrogen Sulfide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69978463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection+on+offshore+drilling+rigs.&rft.au=Mattorano%2C+D+A%3BMer%C3%ADnar%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mattorano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combinations of P-glycoprotein blockers, verapamil, PSC833, and cremophor act differently on the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) and on P-glycoprotein (Pgp). AN - 69825711; 10368654 AB - Clinical studies are currently in progress to evaluate functional modifiers of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an efflux pump associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy. However, the effects of these modifiers on a more recently discovered efflux pump, the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), have not yet been fully characterized. MRP is expressed in most human tissues and is overexpressed in several tumor types. For these reasons, we have investigated the effects of three prototype Pgp modifiers, which act by different modes on the function of Pgp, on the function of MRP in two MRP-overexpressing cell lines: UMCC/VP lung and MCF-7/VP breast cancer cells. Clinically optimal plasma levels of verapamil, cremophor, and PSC833 have been shown to completely block the function of Pgp in Pgp-over expressing cells. However, in the two MRP-over expressing cell lines, these modifiers only partially blocked the function of MRP and combinations of these optimal concentrations acted antagonistically. Similar antagonistic effects were seen with combinations of suboptimal concentration levels of these blockers, while these combinations resulted in synergistic effects in Pgp overexpressing cells. For two biophysical parameters measured at the plasma membrane, membrane fluidity and membrane potential, the effects of these modifiers were essentially similar in Pgp and MRP expressing cells. We suggest that the 170 kD Pgp and the 190 kD MRP glycoproteins, imbedded in the plasma membranes, respond differently to simultaneous effects of the investigated prototype resistance modifiers. These results also suggest that the identification of the specific mechanism of drug resistance is important for the selection of chemotherapeutic strategies to block the efflux pump on the cancer cell. JF - Anticancer research AU - Aszalos, A AU - Thompson, K AU - Yin, J J AU - Ross, D D AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1053 EP - 1064 VL - 19 IS - 2A SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Cyclosporins KW - Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - cremophor KW - 39279-69-1 KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - valspodar KW - Q7ZP55KF3X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Membrane Potentials KW - Mice KW - Drug Synergism KW - Leukemia L1210 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - P-Glycoprotein -- analysis KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters -- analysis KW - Cyclosporins -- pharmacology KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Polyethylene Glycols -- pharmacology KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - P-Glycoprotein -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69825711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Combinations+of+P-glycoprotein+blockers%2C+verapamil%2C+PSC833%2C+and+cremophor+act+differently+on+the+multidrug+resistance+associated+protein+%28MRP%29+and+on+P-glycoprotein+%28Pgp%29.&rft.au=Aszalos%2C+A%3BThompson%2C+K%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BRoss%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Aszalos&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - d-Fenfluramine produces neuronal degeneration in localized regions of the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum of the rat. AN - 69756950; 10330689 AB - d-Fenfluramine is a potent serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor/releaser and, until its recent recall, was prescribed as an anoretic agent. This study demonstrates that 10 mg/kg d-fenfluramine i.p., when administered to rats in a warm (27 degrees C) environment, produces neuronal degeneration within select brain regions. Degeneration was detected and localized using a recently developed fluorescent marker of neuronal degeneration, Fluoro-Jade. The most extensive cortical damage was in the anterior cingulate region. In the medial thalamus, degeneration was frequently seen within the intralaminar nuclei, and somewhat less frequently observed within the paraventricular nucleus, the mediodorsal nucleus, and the gelatinosis nucleus. Cerebellar damage occurred primarily in medial Purkinje cells and occasionally in granule cells or basket cells. Degeneration was not observed in either saline-injected control animals or in rats given even higher doses of 25 mg/kg d-fenfluramine but kept in a cooler environment (23 degrees C). The degeneration was clearly most prominent in animals with body temperatures of 41 degrees to 42 degrees C, but this degeneration was not seen in animals given saline that became extremely hyperthermic in a 37 degrees C environment. Behavioral signs such as tremors, myoclonus, rigidity, and splayed legs were seen in all animals with extensive neurodegeneration. The areas damaged by d-fenfluramine, when hyperthermia occurs, could play a role in the expression of the serotonin syndrome. Elevated extracellular 5-HT levels alone are probably not sufficient for neurotoxicity, and additional factors such as hyperthermia, regional specificity of 5-HT receptor subtypes, blood flow, and/or neuronal networks may be involved. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Schmued, L AU - Slikker, W AU - Clausing, P AU - Bowyer, J AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 100 EP - 106 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - 0 KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors KW - Dexfenfluramine KW - E35R3G56OV KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- physiopathology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- pathology KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- pathology KW - Dexfenfluramine -- toxicity KW - Thalamus -- pathology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- chemically induced KW - Thalamus -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- pathology KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69756950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=d-Fenfluramine+produces+neuronal+degeneration+in+localized+regions+of+the+cortex%2C+thalamus%2C+and+cerebellum+of+the+rat.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BClausing%2C+P%3BBowyer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An approach to area sampling and analysis for total isocyanates in workplace air. AN - 69724806; 10222570 AB - An approach to sampling and analysis for total isocyanates (monomer plus any associated oligomers of a given isocyanate) in workplace air has been developed and evaluated. Based on a method developed by the Occupational Health Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Labour, Ontario, Canada, isocyanates present in air are derivatized with a fluorescent reagent, tryptamine, in an impinger and subsequently analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Excitation and emission wavelengths are set at 275 and 320 nm, respectively. A modification to the Ontario method was made in the replacement of the recommended impinger solvents (acetonitrile and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO has the advantages of being compatible with reversedphase HPLC and not evaporating during sampling, as do the more volatile solvents used in the Ontario method. DMSO also may dissolve aerosol particles more efficiently during sampling than relatively nonpolar solvents. Several formulations containing diisocyanate prepolymers have been tested with this method in the laboratory. This method has been issued as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 5522 in the first supplement to the fourth edition of the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. This method is recommended for area sampling only due to possible hazards from contact with DMSO solutions containing isocyanate derivatives. The limits of detection are 0.1 microgram/sample for 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 0.2 microgram/sample for 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 0.3 microgram/sample for methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate, and 0.2 microgram/sample for 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Key-Schwartz, R J AU - Tucker, S P AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 200 EP - 207 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Isocyanates KW - Solvents KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Calibration KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Workplace KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69724806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+approach+to+area+sampling+and+analysis+for+total+isocyanates+in+workplace+air.&rft.au=Key-Schwartz%2C+R+J%3BTucker%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Key-Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposures to lead-based paint dust in an inner-city high school. AN - 69724597; 10222569 AB - In response to concerns about lead-based paint (LBP) in an 85-year old high school, an evaluation was conducted to determine whether a lead exposure hazard existed for adult school staff. Deteriorating LBP was present on walls and ceilings throughout the school. At the time of the evaluation, abatement of LBP had been completed in approximately one-third of the school. One-hundred eighteen wipe samples for lead dust were collected from floors, teachers' desks, and interior window sills. Areas selected for sampling were based on the work location of the 45 participants providing blood for lead analysis. Wipe samples from hands were collected from all participants. The geometric means (GMs) for lead dust loadings on sills in unabated rooms (n = 23) and abated rooms (n = 16) were 342 and 102 micrograms/ft2, respectively. Nine sills in unabated rooms and one sill in an abated room exceeded the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines (500 micrograms/ft2 lead) for residential housing following abatement activity. GMs for lead loadings on floors in unabated rooms (n = 26) and abated rooms (n = 14) were 136 and 70 micrograms/ft2 lead, respectively. Seventeen floor samples from unabated rooms and 3 samples from abated rooms exceeded HUD guidelines (100 micrograms/ft2 lead). The GM blood lead level (BLL) was 2.2 micrograms/dL (range: 0.6-5.6 micrograms/dL), similar to that of the general U.S. population. Despite peeling LBP and significant lead dust loadings, a hazard from LBP was not found for staff at the school. There were no relationships between surface lead and hand lead, BLL and abatement status of assigned work area, or BLL and hand lead. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Decker, J A AU - Malkin, R AU - Kiefer, M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 191 EP - 194 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Schools KW - Faculty KW - Paint KW - Urban Population KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69724597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Exposures+to+lead-based+paint+dust+in+an+inner-city+high+school.&rft.au=Decker%2C+J+A%3BMalkin%2C+R%3BKiefer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boarder babies and placement in foster care. AN - 69709437; 10214550 AB - This article describes the early history of the "boarder baby" phenomenon through the late 1980s and early 1990s. The characteristics of the recent "boarder baby" population and of the problem are described with particular emphasis on the role of alcohol and drug abuse and the historical lack of coordination between hospitals and child welfare agencies. Three additional topics are discussed in depth: (1) policies around testing mother and infants, (2) the meaning and use of a positive toxicology screen for a newborn or birthing mother, and (3) the identification and characterization of the victim. Alternative solutions to the problem are discussed. JF - Clinics in perinatology AU - Maza, P L AD - Children's Bureau, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 201 EP - 11, ix VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0095-5108, 0095-5108 KW - Index Medicus KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Pregnancy Complications -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Adoption KW - Health Policy KW - Child Welfare KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Child Abuse KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Neonatal Screening KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Infant Care KW - Child, Abandoned KW - Foster Home Care KW - Hospitals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69709437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinics+in+perinatology&rft.atitle=Boarder+babies+and+placement+in+foster+care.&rft.au=Maza%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Maza&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinics+in+perinatology&rft.issn=00955108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity interactions of salicylic acid and radiofrequency radiation or 2-methoxyethanol in rats. AN - 69704984; 10213521 AB - Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces where workers are concurrently exposed to chemicals. Combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the synergistic effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are generalizable to other chemicals. Since salicylic acid (SA) is widely used as an analgesic and is teratogenic in animals, SA was selected to address generalizability. Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 250, or 350 mg/kg SA were administered by gavage on gestation Day 9 or 13 to rats. Concurrently rats given SA on Day 9 were exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degrees C for 60 min (or sham). Those given SA on Day 13 were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME (gavage). Dams were sacrificed on gestation Day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The data provide no evidence of synergistic interactions between RF radiation and salicylic acid (resorptions and malformations). Limited evidence of antagonism was observed between 2ME and salicylic acid (fetal weights). This investigation highlights the importance of additional research on interactions in developmental toxicology, and emphasizes the need to consider combined exposure effects when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Nelson, B K AU - Snyder, D L AU - Shaw, P B AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bkn1@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 137 EP - 145 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - Teratogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Salicylic Acid KW - O414PZ4LPZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Fetal Resorption -- etiology KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Salicylic Acid -- toxicity KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Radio Waves -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69704984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+interactions+of+salicylic+acid+and+radiofrequency+radiation+or+2-methoxyethanol+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molar absorptivities of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in acetonitrile, methanol, and toluene-acetonitrile (9 + 1) (modification of AOAC Official Method 971.22): collaborative study. AN - 69676454; 10191531 AB - Four laboratories participated in a mini-collaborative study of AOAC Official Method 971.22, Standards for Aflatoxins, Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method, to extend the method to 3 replacement solvents for benzene for calibration of standard aflatoxin solutions. Triplicate test sample vials, each containing 25 micrograms of the respective aflatoxin for each of the 4 aflatoxins and for each of the solvents, were prepared and sent to each collaborator. The collaborators dissolved the aflatoxin in each vial in 2 mL solvent, measured the UV spectrum, and reported the absorptivity maxima near 350 nm. The concentrations of the aflatoxins in the test samples were determined by dissolving identical test samples in benzene-acetonitrile (98 + 2) and following the procedure described in AOAC Official Method 971.22. These concentrations were, in turn, used to determine the molar absorptivities in the other 3 solvents (see Table 1). AOAC Official Method 971.22 has been modified to extend its applicability to 3 replacement solvents for benzene for calibration of standard aflatoxin solutions. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Nesheim, S AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Page, S W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 251 EP - 258 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - Solutions KW - Solvents KW - aflatoxin G1 KW - 1DB78J7PUD KW - aflatoxin G2 KW - 2MS0D8WA29 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - aflatoxin B2 KW - 7SKR7S646P KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Absorption KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Aflatoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69676454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Molar+absorptivities+of+aflatoxins+B1%2C+B2%2C+G1%2C+and+G2+in+acetonitrile%2C+methanol%2C+and+toluene-acetonitrile+%289+%2B+1%29+%28modification+of+AOAC+Official+Method+971.22%29%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Nesheim%2C+S%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BPage%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Nesheim&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the DNA adducts formed by tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in vivo. AN - 69667895; 10190564 AB - Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women. Recent reports of DNA adducts in leukocyte and endometrial samples from women treated with tamoxifen suggest that it may be genotoxic to humans. One of the proposed pathways for the metabolic activation of tamoxifen involves oxidation to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which may be further oxidized to an electrophilic quinone methide. In the present study, we compared the extent of DNA adduct formation in female Sprague-Dawley rats treated by gavage with seven daily doses of 54 micromol/kg tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen and killed 24 h after the last dose. Liver weights and microsomal rates of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, 4-dimethylaminopyrine N-demethylation and p-nitrophenol oxidation were not altered by tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. Uterine weights were decreased significantly and uterine peroxidase activity was decreased marginally in treated as compared with control rats. DNA adducts were assayed by 32P-post-labeling in combination with HPLC. Two major DNA adducts were detected in liver DNA from rats administered tamoxifen. These adducts had retention times comparable with those obtained from in vitro reactions of alpha-acetoxytamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide with DNA. Hepatic DNA adduct levels in rats administered 4-hydroxytamoxifen did not differ from those observed in control rats. Likewise, adduct levels in uterus DNA from rats treated with tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen were not different from those detected in control rats. These data suggest that a metabolic pathway involving 4-hydroxytamoxifen is not a major pathway in the activation of tamoxifen to a DNA-binding derivative in Sprague-Dawley rats. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Beland, F A AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 471 EP - 477 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - afimoxifene KW - 17197F0KYM KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Uterus -- enzymology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Tamoxifen -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69667895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+DNA+adducts+formed+by+tamoxifen+and+4-hydroxytamoxifen+in+vivo.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safe and effective regulation of hematocrit by gene gun administration of an erythropoietin-encoding DNA plasmid. AN - 69646996; 10094209 AB - This work examines the effect of delivering a DNA plasmid encoding murine erythropoietin (pVRmEpo) to BALB/c mice by gene gun. Whereas intramuscular injection elicits a rise in hematocrit persisting >8 months, intradermal delivery triggers the dose-dependent secretion of biologically active erythropoietin (Epo) for approximately 1 month. Repeated administration of pVRmEpo by gene gun elicits a stable increase in hematocrit. The source of the Epo produced following gene gun delivery was analyzed by periodically grafting the site of injection onto naive recipients. Results indicate that both stationary cells (presumably keratinocytes) and migratory (presumably dendritic) cells were transfected and secreted biologically active Epo in vivo. Gene gun administration of plasmid DNA appears to be safe, and provides an additional strategy for achieving the regulated secretion of an exogenous gene product. JF - Human gene therapy AU - Klinman, D M AU - Conover, J AU - Leiden, J M AU - Rosenberg, A S AU - Sechler, J M AD - Retroviral Immunology Section, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. klinman@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 659 EP - 665 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Erythropoietin KW - 11096-26-7 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Anemia -- therapy KW - DNA -- administration & dosage KW - Hematocrit KW - Erythropoietin -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- administration & dosage KW - Biolistics -- standards KW - Biolistics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+gene+therapy&rft.atitle=Safe+and+effective+regulation+of+hematocrit+by+gene+gun+administration+of+an+erythropoietin-encoding+DNA+plasmid.&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BConover%2C+J%3BLeiden%2C+J+M%3BRosenberg%2C+A+S%3BSechler%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+gene+therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The national milk safety program and drug residues in milk. AN - 69646443; 10088212 AB - There are a number of factors that must be considered in any attempt to control animal drug residues in milk and milk products. Dairy herds vary greatly in number of cows. Milk from individual cows and farms is pooled, diluting drug residues that may be present in the milk from a single treated cow. Management techniques, including the handling, administration, and record keeping of animal drugs, vary greatly from one dairy to another. It is important that both veterinarians and nonveterinarians adhere to adequate milk discard times for animal drugs used to treat dairy animals. Observance of appropriate safeguards at the farm level, such as record keeping and clearly identifying treated animals, is critical for controlling and preventing the presence of illegal animal drug residues. Within the framework of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act, the FDA is working with state and other regulatory agencies and industry to better ensure the absence of illegal animal drug residues in milk and milk products. Preventive measures concentrate on minimizing the need to administer animal drugs to lactating cows, and diverting milk containing drug residues from the human food supply. Monitoring programs concentrate on screening milk and tracing violations to the individual producer. Minimizing illegal drug residues in milk and milk products requires close cooperation between farmers, veterinarians, the dairy industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulators. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Talley, M R AD - Office of Surveillance and Compliance, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 63 EP - 73 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Legislation, Food KW - Milk -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Residues UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=The+national+milk+safety+program+and+drug+residues+in+milk.&rft.au=Talley%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Talley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PBBs, PCBs, and dioxins in food animals, their public health implications. AN - 69646152; 10088215 AB - Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins are shown to have toxic potential in food animals and humans through laboratory research and investigation of accidental exposures. This article discusses the ball clay incident, as well as other examples of known accidental exposures to PBBs and PCBs. Background information regarding the mechanism of toxicity and effects in animals and humans is also included. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Headrick, M L AU - Hollinger, K AU - Lovell, R A AU - Matheson, J C AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 109 EP - 31, ix-x VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animal Feed KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=PBBs%2C+PCBs%2C+and+dioxins+in+food+animals%2C+their+public+health+implications.&rft.au=Headrick%2C+M+L%3BHollinger%2C+K%3BLovell%2C+R+A%3BMatheson%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Headrick&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycotoxicosis in food producing animals. AN - 69645963; 10088216 AB - Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi. Diseases caused by mycotoxins are collectively referred to as mycotoxicosis. Disease is usually initiated after ingestion of feeds containing toxic doses of mycotoxins. Signs and symptoms vary and depend on the animal, the organ system involved, and on the dose and type of mycotoxins ingested. The symptoms can range from acute death, immunosuppression to skin lesions or to signs of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or genotoxicity. In addition to concerns over adverse effects of mycotoxins on food animals consuming mycotoxin-contaminated feeds, there is also a public health concern over the potential for human beings to consume animal-derived food products such as meat, milk, or eggs, containing residues of those mycotoxins or their metabolites. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Hollinger, K AU - Ekperigin, H E AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 133 EP - 65, x VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69645963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Mycotoxicosis+in+food+producing+animals.&rft.au=Hollinger%2C+K%3BEkperigin%2C+H+E&rft.aulast=Hollinger&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Producer quality assurance programs. AN - 69645866; 10088219 AB - Essentially all animal commodity organizations have established quality assurance programs designed to ensure food safety and quality. Most of these programs were originally implemented to address problems with veterinary drug residues. Many of the current programs have or plan to include food safety critical control points with specific guidelines on how to control or reduce pathogen load. The continued focus placed on food safety by today's consumer demands that American producers ensure that their commodities are wholesome, safe, and of high quality in order to remain competitive in the global marketplace. Veterinarians should recognize that it is important to encourage food animal producers to participate in quality assurance programs for their clients' economic health and for food safety and protection of public health. Commodities certified as being produced under good production practices or by producers certified as following a recognized and validated quality assurance program often bring a premium price. Also, some slaughter establishments are beginning to require producers to be certified as practicing under a recognized quality assurance program before animals are accepted for processing. This practice is being driven partially by the demands placed on slaughter establishments by the US Department of Agriculture's implementation of the Pathogen Reduction, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems regulation. Regardless of why producer trade association quality assurance programs have come into existence, veterinarians should promote the programs as an excellent mechanism to help ensure everyone's goal of a safe, wholesome food supply. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Kla, J AU - Tollefson, L AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 197 EP - 208 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Quality Control KW - Milk -- standards KW - Meat -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69645866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Producer+quality+assurance+programs.&rft.au=Kla%2C+J%3BTollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Kla&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal surveillance of veterinary drugs and chemical residues (with recent data). AN - 69645840; 10088211 AB - The National Residue Program is a dynamic risk-based program involving many Federal agencies, with the objective of preventing illegal drug residues and chemicals in the food supply. Surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of residue data for public health action. This consists of assessing the cause(s) of the problem, recommending educational incentives, and intervention of prevention and control measures. The role of residue databases in formulating policy decisions and identifying risk factors for drug residues is discussed. A descriptive analysis, of 5 years (1992-1996) field investigative reports of drug residue occurrence in food animals is presented. The results showed that violative residues occurred predominately in culled dairy cows and bob veal calves. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Paige, J C AU - Chaudry, M H AU - Pell, F M AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Epidemiology Team, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 45 EP - 61, viii VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Meat -- standards KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Legislation, Food KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Residues KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69645840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Federal+surveillance+of+veterinary+drugs+and+chemical+residues+%28with+recent+data%29.&rft.au=Paige%2C+J+C%3BChaudry%2C+M+H%3BPell%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The human food safety evaluation of new animal drugs. AN - 69645797; 10088208 AB - The pre-approval risk assessment process for new animal drugs is described in this article. The toxicological and residue chemistry data needed by the FDA for the human food safety evaluation of a new animal drug is also discussed. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Friedlander, L G AU - Brynes, S D AU - Fernández, A H AD - Division of Human Food Safety, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 1 EP - 11, vii VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drugs, Investigational -- analysis KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Drugs, Investigational -- toxicity KW - Veterinary Drugs -- toxicity KW - Veterinary Drugs -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Veterinary Drugs -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Approval KW - Nutrition Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69645797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=The+human+food+safety+evaluation+of+new+animal+drugs.&rft.au=Friedlander%2C+L+G%3BBrynes%2C+S+D%3BFern%C3%A1ndez%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International harmonization issues. AN - 69645022; 10088218 AB - With the globalization of trade in many product sectors occurring at a rapid pace, interest in international harmonization issues relating to veterinary products continues to grow. Because of the potential impact on trade, there has been a focus for several years on harmonization of maximum residue limits (MRLs) or tolerances on a global basis. There has also been interest, especially on the part of pharmaceutical companies, to facilitate the approval of a veterinary product in multiple countries. This article discusses two major international initiatives that have been formed to address these harmonization areas of concern for veterinary products. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Thompson, S R AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 181 EP - 95, x VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Global Health KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Growth Hormone -- standards KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Legislation, Food KW - Veterinary Drugs -- standards KW - International Cooperation KW - Drug Residues UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69645022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=International+harmonization+issues.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health implications of residues of veterinary drugs and chemicals in animal tissues. AN - 69644958; 10088210 AB - The animal drug approval process in the United States is based upon the premise that the presence of drug residues in meat and poultry above tolerance is a public health hazard. Tolerances represent the maximum level of concentration of antimicrobials permitted in animal tissues at the time of slaughter. The tolerances are intended to ensure that residual drugs will have no harmful effects if ingested. The purpose of this article is to present existing evidence of the acute and chronic health consequences that may occur because of food of animal origin contaminated with illegal residues above the tolerance. The impact of food-borne drug residues on the gut microflora, residue detection limitations, and the responsibility of the veterinary practitioner in ensuring food safety is discussed. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Paige, J C AU - Tollefson, L AU - Miller, M A AD - Office of Surveillance and Compliance, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 31 EP - 43, viii VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69644958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Health+implications+of+residues+of+veterinary+drugs+and+chemicals+in+animal+tissues.&rft.au=Paige%2C+J+C%3BTollefson%2C+L%3BMiller%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring adverse reactions to veterinary drugs. Pharmacovigilance. AN - 69644929; 10088209 AB - The Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) monitors reports of adverse drug experiences (ADE) for animal drug products, medicated feeds, and veterinary devices. The term most frequently applied to this monitoring activity is pharmacovigilance. An ADE is either an undesired effect or the lack of a desired effect. During 1997, the CVM received over 4,000 reports. Every report is evaluated by a veterinarian using an algorithm and entered into a computer database. In instances where public or animal health is judged to be at risk, the initial review leads to follow-up activity. The final result can be a product safety communication, change in labeling, or in rare circumstances, removal of the product from the market or even withdrawal of FDA approval to market the product. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief description of the pharmacovigilance program for animal drugs in food-producing animals, and answer some of the more commonly received questions about adverse experience reporting. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Bataller, N AU - Keller, W C AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 13 EP - 30, vii-viii VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69644929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Monitoring+adverse+reactions+to+veterinary+drugs.+Pharmacovigilance.&rft.au=Bataller%2C+N%3BKeller%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Bataller&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Center for Veterinary Medicine's perspective on the beef hormone case. AN - 69643859; 10088217 AB - Steroidal sex hormones and synthetic derivatives are used in the US to enhance growth in food-producing animals. The European Economic Community has banned use of these same substances, reportedly on the grounds of food safety. The US maintains that this ban was and is a disguised restriction on trade. The technical grounds for bringing this case and the impact of the findings of the World Trade Organization on the regulation of animal drugs in the US is discussed. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Leighton, J K AD - Division of Human Food Safety, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 167 EP - 80, x VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - 0 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - World Health Organization KW - Cattle KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - European Union KW - Humans KW - Meat KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Residues UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69643859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine%27s+perspective+on+the+beef+hormone+case.&rft.au=Leighton%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Leighton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxytetracycline transfer into chicken egg yolk or albumen. AN - 69639487; 10090259 AB - This study was conducted to determine whether the approved doses of oxytetracycline (OTC) for breeder hens and meat-type poultry would produce drug residue transfer into egg components when fed to laying hens. Twenty hens were assigned to equal groups (n = 10) and fed either 50 or 200 g/ton OTC for 5 d. Oxytetracycline concentrations in egg components were determined daily during a 2-d pretreatment control period, the 5-d dosing period, and following drug withdrawal. The stability and drug content of the medicated feed were determined the day dosing was started and the day of withdrawal. Residues of OTC were not detectable during the predosing, dosing, or withdrawal period in egg yolks. Oxytetracycline residues were detectable, however, in egg albumen during the 5th d of treatment and the 1st d of medicated feed withdrawal. These concentrations were close to the limit of the assay's sensitivity (117 ppb). These data indicate that illegal or unintentional dosing of laying hens with feed medicated at the doses allowed for breeder hens or meat-type poultry should not produce consistently detectable levels of residues of OTC in eggs. JF - Poultry science AU - Donoghue, D J AU - Hairston, H AD - Division of Animal Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. DDonoghu@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 343 EP - 345 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Food Additives KW - Oxytetracycline KW - X20I9EN955 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Egg Yolk -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Chickens KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Oxytetracycline -- pharmacokinetics KW - Oxytetracycline -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Oxytetracycline -- analysis KW - Eggs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69639487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Oxytetracycline+transfer+into+chicken+egg+yolk+or+albumen.&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+D+J%3BHairston%2C+H&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance response of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the presence of various acidulants. AN - 69639209; 10090238 AB - The effect of acidulant identity on the pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance response of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli was studied. Nine strains of E. coli (seven O157:H7, one O111:H-, and one biotype 1 reference strain) were cultured individually for 18 h at 37 degrees C in tryptic soy broth (TSB) plus 1% dextrose and in TSB without dextrose to yield acid resistance induced and noninduced stationary-phase cells, respectively. These cultures were then inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) supplemented with 0.5% citric, malic, lactic, or acetic acid and adjusted to pH 3.0 with HCl. The BHI tubes were incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 7 h and samples were removed after 0, 2, 5, and 7 h and plated for counting CFU on BHI agar and MacConkey agar (MA). The results were compared to data previously obtained with HCl only. Acid resistance varied substantially among the isolates, being dependent on the strain, the acidulant, and the induction of pH-dependent acid resistance. Hydrochloric acid was consistently the least damaging to cells; lactic acid was the most detrimental. The relative activity of the other acids was strain dependent. Inducing pH-dependent acid resistance increased the already substantial acid tolerance of stationary-phase E. coli. The extent of injury also varied with acid and strain, with as much as a 5-log-cycle differential between BHI agar and MA CFU counts. The accurate determination of the survival of enterohemorrhagic E. coli in acidic foods must take into account the biological variability of the microorganism with respect to its acid resistance and its ability to enhance survival through the induction of physiological stress responses. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 211 EP - 218 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Acids, Acyclic KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Acids, Acyclic -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69639209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=pH-dependent+stationary-phase+acid+resistance+response+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+in+the+presence+of+various+acidulants.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field method for the determination of hexavalent chromium by ultrasonication and strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction. AN - 69624621; 10079763 AB - A simple, fast, sensitive, and economical field method was developed and evaluated for the determination of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in environmental and workplace air samples. By means of ultrasonic extraction in combination with a strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SAE-SPE) technique, the filtration, isolation, and determination of CrVI in the presence of trivalent chromium (CrIII) and potential interferents was achieved. The method entails (1) ultrasonication in basic ammonium buffer solution to extract CrVI from environmental matrixes; (2) SAE-SPE to separate CrVI from CrIII and interferences; (3) elution/acidification of the eluate; (4) complexation of chromium with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide; and (5) spectrophotometric determination of the colored chromium-diphenylcarbazone complex. Several critical parameters were optimized in order to effect the extraction of both soluble (K2CrO4) and insoluble (PbCrO4) forms of CrVI without inducing CrIII oxidation or CrVI reduction. The method allowed for the dissolution and purification of CrVI from environmental and workplace air sample matrixes for up to 24 samples simultaneously in less than 90 min (including ultrasonication). The results demonstrated that the method was simple, fast, quantitative, and sufficiently sensitive for the determination of occupational exposures of CrVI. The method is applicable for on-site monitoring of CrVI in environmental and industrial hygiene samples. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Wang, J AU - Ashley, K AU - Marlow, D AU - England, E C AU - Carlton, G AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 1027 EP - 1032 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69624621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Field+method+for+the+determination+of+hexavalent+chromium+by+ultrasonication+and+strong+anion-exchange+solid-phase+extraction.&rft.au=Wang%2C+J%3BAshley%2C+K%3BMarlow%2C+D%3BEngland%2C+E+C%3BCarlton%2C+G&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of magnetic field exposure on anchorage-independent growth of a promoter-sensitive mouse epidermal cell line (JB6). AN - 69605884; 10064548 AB - The anchorage-independent growth of mouse epidermal cells (JB6) exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields (MF) was investigated. Promotion-responsive JB6 cells were suspended in agar (10(4)cells/plate) and exposed continuously to 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz magnetic fields for 10-14 days, with or without concurrent treatment with the tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). Exposures to MF were conducted in a manner such that the experimenter was blind to the treatment group of the cells. At the end of the exposure period, the anchorage-independent growth of JB6 cells on soft agar was examined by counting the number of colonies larger than 60 microm (minimum of 60 cells). The use of a combined treatment of the cells with both MF and TPA was to provide an internal positive control to estimate the success of the assay and to allow evaluation of co-promotion. Statistical analysis was performed by a randomized block design analysis of variance to examine both the effect of TPA treatment (alone and in combination with MF exposure) and the effect of intra-assay variability. Transformation frequency of JB6 cells displayed a dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of TPA. Coexposure of cells to both TPA and 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF did not result in any differences in transformation frequency for any TPA concentrations tested (0-1 ng/ml). These data indicate that exposure to a 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF does not act as a promoter or co-promoter in promotion-sensitive JB6 cell anchorage-independent growth. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Snawder, J E AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 195 EP - 198 VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Clone Cells -- radiation effects KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Transformed -- radiation effects KW - Epithelial Cells -- radiation effects KW - Cell Line, Transformed -- drug effects KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division -- radiation effects KW - Clone Cells -- drug effects KW - Epidermis -- drug effects KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- radiation effects KW - Epidermis -- cytology KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Epidermis -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69605884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+magnetic+field+exposure+on+anchorage-independent+growth+of+a+promoter-sensitive+mouse+epidermal+cell+line+%28JB6%29.&rft.au=Snawder%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Snawder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):6076-80 [3139288] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1993 Apr;54(4):197-204 [8480635] Cancer Causes Control. 1994 Jul;5(4):299-309 [8080941] Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(6):563-77 [7880170] Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Mar;109(3):273-84 [453167] Int J Radiat Biol. 1996 Apr;69(4):503-11 [8627133] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jan;105(1):94-6 [9074887] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:81-103 [9114279] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jul;18(7):1365-70 [9230281] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Mar;103 Suppl 2:63-7 [7614950] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-10 inhibits expression of both interferon alpha- and interferon gamma- induced genes by suppressing tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1. AN - 69593392; 10029571 AB - Interleukin-10 (IL-10) helps maintain polarized T-helper cells in a T-helper lymphocyte 2 (Th2) phenotype. Part of this process involves the prevention of the development of Th1 cells, which are a primary source of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), a potent activator of monocytes and an inhibitor of Th2 proliferation. Because monocytes and macrophages are important mediators of Th1-type responses, such as delayed-type hypersensitivity, we sought to determine if IL-10 could directly mediate inhibition of IFNgamma- and IFNalpha-induced gene expression in these cells. Highly purified monocytes were incubated with IL-10 for 60 to 90 minutes before the addition of IFNgamma or IFNalpha. IL-10 preincubation resulted in the inhibition of gene expression for several IFN-induced genes, such as IP-10, ISG54, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The reduction in gene expression resulted from the ability of IL-10 to suppress IFN-induced assembly of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) factors to specific promoter motifs on IFNalpha- and IFNgamma-inducible genes. This was accomplished by preventing the IFN-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, a component of both IFNalpha- and IFNgamma-induced DNA binding complexes. Therefore, IL-10 can directly inhibit STAT-dependent early response gene expression induced by both IFNalpha and IFNgamma in monocytes by suppressing the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1. This may occur through the ability of IL-10 to induce expression of the gene, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). JF - Blood AU - Ito, S AU - Ansari, P AU - Sakatsume, M AU - Dickensheets, H AU - Vazquez, N AU - Donnelly, R P AU - Larner, A C AU - Finbloom, D S AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 1456 EP - 1463 VL - 93 IS - 5 SN - 0006-4971, 0006-4971 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Proteins KW - Repressor Proteins KW - SOCS3 protein, human KW - STAT1 Transcription Factor KW - STAT1 protein, human KW - Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein KW - Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins KW - Trans-Activators KW - Transcription Factors KW - Interleukin-10 KW - 130068-27-8 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Th1 Cells -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - src Homology Domains KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- genetics KW - Drug Antagonism KW - Th2 Cells -- immunology KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Interferon-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Monocytes -- immunology KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-10 -- pharmacology KW - Interferon-gamma -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69593392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Interleukin-10+inhibits+expression+of+both+interferon+alpha-+and+interferon+gamma-+induced+genes+by+suppressing+tyrosine+phosphorylation+of+STAT1.&rft.au=Ito%2C+S%3BAnsari%2C+P%3BSakatsume%2C+M%3BDickensheets%2C+H%3BVazquez%2C+N%3BDonnelly%2C+R+P%3BLarner%2C+A+C%3BFinbloom%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Blood&rft.issn=00064971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutralization of endotoxin in vitro and in vivo by a human lactoferrin-derived peptide. AN - 69588105; 10024582 AB - Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) is the major pathogenic factor of gram-negative septic shock, and endotoxin-induced death is associated with the host overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In the search for new antiendotoxin molecules, we studied the endotoxin-neutralizing capacity of a human lactoferrin-derived 33-mer synthetic peptide (GRRRRSVQWCAVSQPEATKCFQWQRNMRKVRGP; designated LF-33) representing the minimal sequence for lactoferrin binding to glycosaminoglycans. LF-33 inhibited the coagulation of the Limulus amebocyte lysate and the secretion of TNF-alpha by RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipid A and four different endotoxins with a potency comparable to that of polymyxin B. The first six residues at the N terminus of LF-33 were critical for its antiendotoxin activity. The endotoxin-neutralizing capacity of LF-33 and polymyxin B was attenuated by human serum. Coinjection of Escherichia coli LPS (125 ng) with LF-33 (2.5 microg) dramatically reduced the lethality of LPS in the galactosamine-sensitized mouse model. Significant protection of the mice against the lethal LPS challenge was also observed when LF-33 (100 microg) was given intravenously after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Protection was correlated with a reduction in TNF-alpha levels in the mouse serum. These results demonstrate the endotoxin-neutralizing capability of LF-33 in vitro and in vivo and its potential use for the treatment of endotoxin-induced septic shock. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Zhang, G H AU - Mann, D M AU - Tsai, C M AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.zhanggu@usa.redcross.org Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 1353 EP - 1358 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - 0 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Galactosamine KW - 7535-00-4 KW - Lactoferrin KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Galactosamine -- toxicity KW - Shock, Septic -- drug therapy KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Limulus Test KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- secretion KW - Female KW - Cell Line KW - Peptide Fragments -- therapeutic use KW - Lactoferrin -- therapeutic use KW - Lactoferrin -- pharmacology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Peptide Fragments -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69588105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Neutralization+of+endotoxin+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+by+a+human+lactoferrin-derived+peptide.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+G+H%3BMann%2C+D+M%3BTsai%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28120-7 [8910426] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1996 Aug;38(2):167-82 [8877531] Infect Immun. 1997 Jun;65(6):2160-7 [9169746] Biochem J. 1997 Nov 15;328 ( Pt 1):145-51 [9359845] Infect Immun. 1998 Feb;66(2):486-91 [9453600] Annu Rev Nutr. 1995;15:93-110 [8527233] Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;8(4):310-3 [2497005] Infect Immun. 1991 Jun;59(6):2110-5 [2037372] Infect Immun. 1991 Dec;59(12):4491-6 [1937808] Infect Immun. 1992 Feb;60(2):596-601 [1730494] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Nov;76(11):5939-43 [293694] J Immunol Methods. 1983 Dec 16;65(1-2):55-63 [6606682] J Infect Dis. 1985 Jun;151(6):1012-8 [3889171] Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:505-18 [3052281] Res Immunol. 1992 Jan;143(1):11-5 [1373512] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 May 22;1121(1-2):130-6 [1599934] J Immunol. 1992 Jul 1;149(1):200-6 [1607653] Thromb Res. 1992 Oct 1;68(1):1-32 [1448796] J Exp Med. 1993 Jan 1;177(1):89-97 [8418211] Science. 1993 Jan 15;259(5093):361-5 [8420003] J Infect Dis. 1993 Jun;167(6):1336-43 [8501323] Immunobiology. 1993 Apr;187(3-5):169-90 [8330896] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974 Oct;6(4):422-5 [4157338] Crit Care Med. 1994 Apr;22(4):553-8 [8143463] Crit Care Med. 1994 Apr;22(4):559-65 [8143464] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):416-22 [8150951] Infect Immun. 1994 Jun;62(6):2628-32 [8188389] J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 23;269(38):23661-7 [8089135] Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1291-7 [7890387] Infect Agents Dis. 1995 Mar;4(1):13-28 [7728353] Annu Rev Immunol. 1995;13:437-57 [7542010] Immunol Today. 1995 Sep;16(9):417-9 [7546203] APMIS. 1995 Oct;103(10):721-30 [8534431] Biochem J. 1995 Dec 15;312 ( Pt 3):839-45 [8554529] Pediatr Res. 1996 Aug;40(2):257-62 [8827774] Infect Immun. 1996 Dec;64(12):4922-7 [8945527] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Physician Education for a Changing Health Care Environment: Council on Graduate Medical Education, Thirteenth Report. AN - 62490525; ED432210 AB - This report presents an analysis of the issues influencing the preparation of physicians in the United States and recommends changes in teaching programs. Findings and associated recommendations are organized into eight areas: (1) understanding the system in which health care is delivered; (2) establishing practical and relevant teaching sites; (3) developing community clinician teachers; (4) revising the curriculum content and learning process; (5) reinforcing communication skills; (6) assuring quality and accountability in physician education; (7) financing the evolution of graduate medical education; and (8) sustaining quality and vitality in medical education. Following an executive summary, the report provides background information on the changing practice of medicine, the evolving curricula in medical education, and changing the environment of clinical education. Most of the report consists of detailed analyses of the findings and recommendations in each of the eight areas. (Contains approximately 160 print references and 10 Internet resources.) (DB) Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 51 PB - Council on Graduate Medical Education, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 9A-21, Rockville, MD 20857. VL - HRSA-99-18 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Long Range Planning KW - Educational Trends KW - Higher Education KW - Needs Assessment KW - Educational Needs KW - Medical Education KW - Health Services KW - Curriculum Development KW - Educational Change KW - Graduate Medical Education KW - Physicians KW - Trend Analysis KW - Educational Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62490525?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Syn-depositional faulting in the western Belt Basin as localizer of preconcentrated metal sources for Coeur d'Alene silver-lead-zinc veins AN - 52236514; 2001-038213 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - White, Brian G AU - Appelgate, L M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 62 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - mineral deposits, genesis KW - North America KW - Noxon Montana KW - Sanders County Montana KW - structural controls KW - synsedimentary processes KW - Belt Basin KW - veins KW - silver ores KW - Montana KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - metal ores KW - mineralization KW - lead-zinc deposits KW - faults KW - 27A:Economic geology, geology of ore deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52236514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Syn-depositional+faulting+in+the+western+Belt+Basin+as+localizer+of+preconcentrated+metal+sources+for+Coeur+d%27Alene+silver-lead-zinc+veins&rft.au=White%2C+Brian+G%3BAppelgate%2C+L+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, 51rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Belt Basin; Coeur d'Alene mining district; faults; lead-zinc deposits; metal ores; mineral deposits, genesis; mineralization; Montana; North America; Noxon Montana; Sanders County Montana; silver ores; structural controls; synsedimentary processes; United States; veins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of chromium(VI) and its relationship to carcinogenesis AN - 17445949; 4659073 AB - Although Cr(VI)-containing compounds are well-documented carcinogens, their mechanism of action is still not well understood. Recent studies have suggested that reduction of Cr(VI) to its lower oxidation states and related free-radical reactions play an important role in carcinogenesis. This article summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbate, diol- and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free-radical-induced cellular damage, such as DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor Kappa B. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B AU - Shi, X AU - Chiu, A AU - Chen, C T AU - Halliwell, B AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, HELD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 87 EP - 104 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - chromium(VI) KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Reduction KW - Heavy metals KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17445949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+chromium%28VI%29+and+its+relationship+to+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BChiu%2C+A%3BChen%2C+C+T%3BHalliwell%2C+B%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F109374099281241 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reduction; Carcinogenesis; Heavy metals; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109374099281241 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety considerations for transport of ore and waste in underground ore passes AN - 17364330; 4566141 AB - Recent ore pass failures have underlined the need for improved designs, standards, structural monitoring methods and better hang-up prevention and removal techniques. Researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are investigating methods to improve safety during the transport of ore in ore passes. Design criteria and hang-up prevention and remediation strategies involve studies of the effects of static and dynamic ore and waste-rock loads on chutes, walls, gates and support structures. Particle-flow analysis methods were used to simulate the response of various ore pass designs to a wide range of ore loading conditions. A full-scale mockup of actual ore pass and chute assemblies was duplicated and tested for load response. Data from a particle flow code and the mock-ups were compared. Loads on an active ore pass chute were measured. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Stewart, B AU - Iverson, S AU - Beus, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Spokane, WA, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 53 EP - 60 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - ore pass failures KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Materials handling KW - Standards KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17364330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Safety+considerations+for+transport+of+ore+and+waste+in+underground+ore+passes&rft.au=Stewart%2C+B%3BIverson%2C+S%3BBeus%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Materials handling; Mining; Occupational safety; Standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pH and acid resistance on the radiation resistance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli AN - 17313007; 4587613 AB - The effects of pH and the induction of pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance on the radiation resistance of Escherichia coli were determined for seven enterohemorrhagic strains and one nonenterohemorrhagic strain. The isolates were grown in acidogenic or nonacidogenic media to pH levels of approximately 4.7 and 7.2, respectively. The cells were then transferred to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 (with HCl) that was preequilibrated to 2 degree C, and cultures were then irradiated using a super(137)Cs source. Surviving cells and the extent of injury were determined by plating on BHI and MacConkey agars both immediately after irradiation and after subsequent storage at 2 degree C for 7 days. Decreasing the pH of the BHI in which E. coli was irradiated had relatively little effect on the microorganism's radiation resistance. Substantial differences in radiation resistance were noted among strains, and induction of acid resistance consistently increased radiation resistance. Comparison of E. coli levels immediately after irradiation and after 7 days of refrigerated storage suggested that irradiation enhanced pH-mediated inactivation of the pathogen. These results demonstrate that prior growth under conditions that induce a pH-dependent stationary phase cross-protects E. coli against radiation inactivation and must be taken into account when determining the microorganism's irradiation D value. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AU - Boyd, G AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA, rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 219 EP - 228 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - resistance KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Radiation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Acidity KW - Food contamination KW - pH effects KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17313007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pH+and+acid+resistance+on+the+radiation+resistance+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; pH effects; Radiation; Acidity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogy of Lung Tissue in Dental Laboratory Technicians' Pneumoconiosis AN - 17268130; 4576649 AB - This article reports on a case of pneumoconiosis in a dental laboratory technician with a history of respiratory exposure to dental materials. Special attention is paid to the mineralogical analysis of the lung biopsy. The abundance of chromium, cobalt, and silica particles suggests that the dental technician's pneumoconiosis is the result of the combined effects of hard metal dusts and silica particles generated during finishing dental frameworks. Adequate technical protection such as a local ventilation system should be considered in dental laboratories to prevent respiratory exposure of dental technicians to airborne contaminants. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Nayebzadeh, A AU - Dufresne, A AU - Harvie, S AU - Begin, R AD - McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, 3450 University, F.D.A. Bldg., Room 22, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7 Canada, atanay@epid.lan.mcgill.ca Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 349 EP - 353 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - dentistry KW - silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Pollution effects KW - Dust KW - Medical personnel KW - Occupational exposure KW - Metals KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17268130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Mineralogy+of+Lung+Tissue+in+Dental+Laboratory+Technicians%27+Pneumoconiosis&rft.au=Nayebzadeh%2C+A%3BDufresne%2C+A%3BHarvie%2C+S%3BBegin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nayebzadeh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Medical personnel; Dust; Occupational exposure; Metals; Pneumoconiosis; Indoor air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunoadjuvant action of plasmid DNA in liposomes AN - 17215110; 4502345 AB - Bacterial DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulatory sequences with a CpG motif stimulated a Th1 type response in vivo. The adjuvant action of a non-coding plasmid DNA derived from pRc/CMV HBS (encoding the S region of hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) in mice was investigated. The role of methylation on the adjuvanticity of the plasmid as well as the effect of vaccine formulation employed on the outcome of antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses were also studied. The results demonstrated that plasmid DNA acted as a Th1 promoting adjuvant when mixed as such or co-entrapped in liposomes with a very low dose of antigen. However, the adjuvant activity was lost when separate liposome entrapped formulations of both the antigen and the plasmid DNA were mixed, indicating a necessity for the antigen and the plasmid DNA to contact the same APC for optimal immune activation. A decreased adjuvanticity of plasmid DNA upon methylation with HpaII methyltransferase was also demonstrated. A mechanism that may help partially explain the reduction in adjuvanticity after modification of C residues is also discussed. JF - Vaccine AU - Guersel, M AU - Tunca, S AU - Oezkan, M AU - Oezcengiz, G AU - Alaeddinoglu, G AD - FDA, Division of Viral Products, Room 3D22, Building 29A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, ihsangursel@hotmail.com Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1376 EP - 1383 VL - 17 IS - 11-12 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - DNA vaccines KW - hepatitis B surface antigen KW - hepatitis B virus KW - mice KW - oligodeoxynucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Adjuvants KW - Plasmids KW - Liposomes KW - Hepatitis B KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Immunoadjuvant+action+of+plasmid+DNA+in+liposomes&rft.au=Guersel%2C+M%3BTunca%2C+S%3BOezkan%2C+M%3BOezcengiz%2C+G%3BAlaeddinoglu%2C+G&rft.aulast=Guersel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; Adjuvants; Vaccines; Hepatitis B; Liposomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of multiple sulfonamide residues in bovine milk by gas chromatography-positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 69621751; 10080640 AB - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using positive chemical ionization was utilized to confirm the presence of 10 ng ml(-1) of nine sulfonamides (SFAs) in bovine milk (50 ml). After the addition of a surrogate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the SFAs are extracted with ethyl acetate followed by cyclohexyl solid-phase extraction clean-up. The methylamidotrifluoroacetyl derivatives are prepared and analyzed in selected ion monitoring mode. For regulatory confirmation, the required specificity was achieved by monitoring the molecular ion plus three to five fragment ions for each SFA. Retention times for all SFAs were within 0.1 min of their respective standard. The relative ion abundances were within 10% of those obtained with standards diluted to the same concentration, analyzed on the same day. Concentration was critical, especially for the early eluting SFAs, as the enhancement of the relative abundance of the parent was more pronounced in extracted samples then in the standards. The sensitivity of the mass spectrometer for the different SFAs varied greatly. The amount of SFA necessary to obtain spectra that would meet the confirmation criteria varied from 25 ng on column for the least sensitive to less than 3 ng for the more robust. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Reeves, V B AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. vreeves@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/02/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 19 SP - 127 EP - 137 VL - 723 IS - 1-2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Sulfonamides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reference Standards KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69621751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+multiple+sulfonamide+residues+in+bovine+milk+by+gas+chromatography-positive+chemical+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Reeves%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-02-19&rft.volume=723&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the revised NIOSH lifting equation. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study. AN - 69608009; 10065524 AB - A cross-sectional study of the 1-year prevalence of low back pain was conducted in workers employed in manual lifting jobs. To provide epidemiologic data to determine the correlation between the prevalence of low back pain and exposure to manual lifting stressors, measured with the lifting index component of the revised lifting equation from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The NIOSH lifting equation has been proposed as a practical, yet valid tool for assessing the risks of low back pain caused by manual lifting. To date, however, there have been few studies in which the effectiveness of the equation to identify jobs with elevated rates of low back pain has been evaluated. Fifty jobs from four industrial sites were evaluated with the NIOSH lifting equation. A symptom and occupational history questionnaire was administered to 204 people employed in lifting jobs and 80 people employed in nonlifting jobs. Regression analysis was used to determine whether there was a correlation between the lifting index and reported low back pain. As the lifting index increased from 1.0 to 3.0, the odds of low back pain increased, with a peak and statistically significant odds ratio occurring in the 2 < lifting index < or = 3 category (odds ratio = 2.45). For jobs with a lifting index higher than 3.0, however, the odds ratio was lower (odds ratio = 1.45). Although low back pain is a common disorder, the lifting index appears be a useful indicator for determining the risk of low back pain caused by manual lifting. JF - Spine AU - Waters, T R AU - Baron, S L AU - Piacitelli, L A AU - Anderson, V P AU - Skov, T AU - Haring-Sweeney, M AU - Wall, D K AU - Fine, L J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/02/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 15 SP - 386 EP - 94; discussion 395 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0362-2436, 0362-2436 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - Stress, Mechanical KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Work Capacity Evaluation KW - Low Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Low Back Pain -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Lifting -- adverse effects KW - Low Back Pain -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69608009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+revised+NIOSH+lifting+equation.+A+cross-sectional+epidemiologic+study.&rft.au=Waters%2C+T+R%3BBaron%2C+S+L%3BPiacitelli%2C+L+A%3BAnderson%2C+V+P%3BSkov%2C+T%3BHaring-Sweeney%2C+M%3BWall%2C+D+K%3BFine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-02-15&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spine&rft.issn=03622436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial DNA Containing CpG Motifs Stimulates Lymphocyte-Dependent Protection of Mice Against Lethal Infection with Intracellular Bacteria AN - 17175895; 4471837 AB - Bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs activates mammalian lymphocytes and macrophages to produce cytokines and polyclonal Ig. These include IFN- gamma , IL-12, TNF- alpha , and IL-6, which are important in the control of intracellular bacterial infection. Here, we show that bacterial DNA, as well as synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs, induce protection against large lethal doses of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) and Listeria monocytogenes. Methylation of DNA at CpG dinucleotides or inversion of the motif abolished this protection. Surprisingly, DNA-mediated protection was highly dependent on lymphocytes, particularly B cells, as well as the production of IFN- gamma . Optimal protection was elicited 2-3 days after inoculation with DNA and persisted for up to 2 wk. Further, animals surviving lethal challenge developed pathogen-specific secondary immunity. These findings indicate that host innate immune responses to bacterial DNA may contribute to the induction of protective immunity to bacteria and the subsequent development of memory. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Elkins, K L AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AU - Stibitz, S AU - Conover, J S AU - Klinman, D M AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/02/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 15 SP - 2291 EP - 2298 VL - 162 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - DNA vaccines KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - oligonucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Memory cells KW - Vaccines KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+DNA+Containing+CpG+Motifs+Stimulates+Lymphocyte-Dependent+Protection+of+Mice+Against+Lethal+Infection+with+Intracellular+Bacteria&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R%3BStibitz%2C+S%3BConover%2C+J+S%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-02-15&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Listeria monocytogenes; Interleukin 6; Memory cells; Interleukin 12; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium, an antioxidant, protects against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 69637698; 10082851 AB - Dopaminergic changes were studied in the caudate nucleus of adult female mice after pre- and post-treatment with an antioxidant, selenium, 72 h after the multiple injections of methamphetamine (METH, 4x10 mg/kg, i.p. at 2-h interval) or an equivalent volume of saline. Selenium treatment prevented the depletion of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in caudate nucleus resulting from the METH treatment. These data suggest that METH-induced neurotoxicity is mediated by free radical and selenium plays a protective role against METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Imam, S Z AU - Newport, G D AU - Islam, F AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 1999/02/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 13 SP - 575 EP - 578 VL - 818 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Dopamine Agents -- toxicity KW - Selenium -- therapeutic use KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69637698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Selenium%2C+an+antioxidant%2C+protects+against+methamphetamine-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Imam%2C+S+Z%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BIslam%2C+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-13&rft.volume=818&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese scavenges superoxide and hydroxyl radicals: an in vitro study in rats. AN - 69626866; 10081917 AB - The present study was designed to investigate the role of manganese (Mn) as an antioxidant element. In vitro experiments have been conducted to evaluate the ability of Mn in scavenging oxygen free radicals. Superoxide (O*-) and hydroxyl (OH*-) radicals were generated in vitro by using xanthine and xanthine oxidase system and fenton reactions respectively. Different concentrations of Mn (II) and Mn (III) were used in the reaction mixture to evaluate free radical scavenging ability of Mn. The results indicated that Mn scavenged superoxide radicals at nanomolar concentrations whereas hydroxyl radicals were scavenged at micromolar concentrations. In addition, Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in different regions of brain in adult male rats treated with MnCl2. The results showed that Mn-SOD activity increased in Mn treated animals. Therefore, the data support the hypothesis that Mn is one of the essential elements which can protect against oxidative damage, however, at higher concentrations Mn can be neurotoxic by generating the free radicals. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Hussain, S AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/02/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 12 SP - 21 EP - 24 VL - 261 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Manganese Compounds KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Xanthine KW - 1AVZ07U9S7 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - manganese chloride KW - QQE170PANO KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Xanthine -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Manganese Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Chlorides -- pharmacology KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69626866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Manganese+scavenges+superoxide+and+hydroxyl+radicals%3A+an+in+vitro+study+in+rats.&rft.au=Hussain%2C+S%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-12&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viral teratogenesis: brain developmental damage associated with maturation state at time of infection. AN - 69550605; 9878758 AB - The rat brain continues to mature after birth and is particularly vulnerable to developmental damage following perinatal insult. Borna disease virus (BDV) infection of postnatal day one (PND-1) rat brain causes a non-encephalitic, persistent infection associated with developmental neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities. To test the hypothesis that BDV infection during different brain developmental stages yields variable pathological and clinical disease sequelae, rats were examined for BDV-induced neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities following inoculation with BDV on PND-15, and the findings were compared to those resulting from inoculation on PND-1. Similar to rats inoculated with BDV on PND-1, PND-15 inoculated rats developed a persistent infection associated with body weight stunting, abnormal salt taste preference and hippocampal neuron degeneration. However, unlike rats infected with BDV on PND-1, PND-15 inoculated rats did not show signs of cerebellar hypoplasia or hyperactivity. Thus, the risk of BDV-induced damage to specific brain regions, and their associated behaviors, appears, in part, dependent upon the brain's developmental stage at time of BDV-infection. These studies provide evidence of the selective vulnerability of specific neuroanatomic regions and behaviors in developing nervous system to virus-induced damage. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research. Developmental brain research AU - Rubin, S A AU - Bautista, J R AU - Moran, T H AU - Schwartz, G J AU - Carbone, K M AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, DVP/CBER/FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/02/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 05 SP - 237 EP - 244 VL - 112 IS - 2 SN - 0165-3806, 0165-3806 KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred Lew KW - Taste -- physiology KW - Food Preferences -- physiology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Brain Diseases -- virology KW - Brain Damage, Chronic -- virology KW - Borna Disease -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Borna Disease -- physiopathology KW - Brain Diseases -- pathology KW - Brain -- virology KW - Brain Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Borna Disease -- complications KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69550605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research.+Developmental+brain+research&rft.atitle=Viral+teratogenesis%3A+brain+developmental+damage+associated+with+maturation+state+at+time+of+infection.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+S+A%3BBautista%2C+J+R%3BMoran%2C+T+H%3BSchwartz%2C+G+J%3BCarbone%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-05&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research.+Developmental+brain+research&rft.issn=01653806&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adults' Prior Exposure to Print as a Predictor of the Legibility of Text on Paper and Laptop Computer AN - 85684069; 9907693 AB - An investigation of the effects of variations in graphic elements that account for differences in speed & accuracy between reading text aloud from paper vs laptop computer reveals that variations in accurate reading-aloud performance are attributable to individual differences in the visual accessibility of information due to (1) the experimental manipulations of the independent variables, (2) the subjects' prior exposure to print within the culture, & (3) the educational attainment of the subject. Survey interviewers (N = 48 females, aged 38-72) were selected as subjects (Ss) because they gather information using laptop computers. It is suggested that the quality of the survey information collected may be directly associated with the legibility of computerized text. Ss completed a prior exposure to print questionnaire & a demographic data form. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were employed to examine individual differences in the speed & accuracy of reading aloud performance for 24 conditions varying the levels of independent variables including font, justification, leading, & mode of presentation (paper vs laptop computer). Linear regression analyses found Ss' prior exposure to print significantly & positively related to predicting speed & miscue performance & Ss' educational attainment significantly predicted miscue performance. Results of this study inform computer programmers & designers who are responsible for developing standards & guidelines for legible computerized text for the effective access of accurate information. 6 Tables, 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 53 References. Adapted from the source document JF - Reading and Writing AU - Stone, Deborah B AU - Fisher, Sylvia K AU - Eliot, John AD - SAMHAS Center Substance Abuse Prevention Division Knowledge Development & Evaluation, 5515 Security Ln Suite 1075 Rockville MD 20852 [tel: 301-431-0237; fax: 301-443-1768; mailto:dstone@samhsa.gov] Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 1 EP - 28 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0922-4777, 0922-4777 KW - Printed Materials (67720) KW - Oral Reading (61450) KW - Computer Applications (14150) KW - Adults (00600) KW - Written Language (98900) KW - Reading Processes (71150) KW - Miscue Analysis (54300) KW - Reading Rate (71250) KW - article KW - 4119: applied linguistics; reading processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85684069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+and+Writing&rft.atitle=Adults%27+Prior+Exposure+to+Print+as+a+Predictor+of+the+Legibility+of+Text+on+Paper+and+Laptop+Computer&rft.au=Stone%2C+Deborah+B%3BFisher%2C+Sylvia+K%3BEliot%2C+John&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reading+and+Writing&rft.issn=09224777&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - REWRE8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oral Reading (61450); Reading Rate (71250); Adults (00600); Miscue Analysis (54300); Printed Materials (67720); Reading Processes (71150); Written Language (98900); Computer Applications (14150) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mammography in the 1990s: the United States and Canada. AN - 69702406; 10207413 AB - To evaluate trends in mammography quality before and after the implementation of the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) of 1992 and to compare technical data collected in the United States with corresponding data obtained from the first survey of mammography facilities conducted in 1994-1995 in Canada. Data from MQSA inspections conducted in 1995-1997 were analyzed and compared with survey data on U.S. mammography facilities acquired before the MQSA. Technical indicators of mammography quality such as radiation dose phantom image score, film processing, and darkroom fog were analyzed. In the United States, phantom image scores, along with other technical measures of performance such as film processing, darkroom fog, and x-ray beam quality, have improved continuously since 1985. The U.S. mean glandular dose has increased to 1.6 mGy compared with the Canadian dose of 1.1 mGy. The mean total phantom image score with artifact subtraction was 11.1 in Canada in 1994-1995 and 11.8 in the U.S. in 1997. Mammography quality is better today than it has been at any other time in the United States. With the exception of radiation dose. Canadian technical measures of performance are comparable to measures before MQSA in the United States. JF - Radiology AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Spelic, D C AU - McCrohan, J L AU - Symonds, G R AU - Houn, F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices of Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 345 EP - 351 VL - 210 IS - 2 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Technology, Radiologic -- standards KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiation Protection KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Mammography -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mammography -- trends KW - Quality of Health Care -- trends KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mammography -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69702406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Mammography+in+the+1990s%3A+the+United+States+and+Canada.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H%3BSpelic%2C+D+C%3BMcCrohan%2C+J+L%3BSymonds%2C+G+R%3BHoun%2C+F&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Key environmental human health issues in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins. AN - 69651576; 10092414 AB - In May 1997, Health Conference '97-Great Lakes/St. Lawrence, an international conference on the effects of the environment on human health in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins, was held in Montreal, Québec, Canada. This was the third international conference on this topic sponsored by agencies in the United States and Canada. More than 120 platform and poster presentations were given by scientists of different disciplines from the Great Lakes region and elsewhere. The presentations represented the most current research findings on the effects of the Great Lakes environment on human health. The reports covered environmental contaminant levels of persistent toxic substances (PTSs), routes and pathways of exposure, exposure assessment and human tissue levels of PTSs, human health outcomes, risk communication and assessment, and approaches to scientific collaboration. Reports indicate that levels of contaminants in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins have generally declined since the 1970s, although certain contaminants have plateaued or slightly increased. The findings include elevated body burden levels of contaminants in persons who consume large amounts of some Great Lakes sport fish, developmental deficits and neurologic problems in children of some fish-consuming parents, nervous system dysfunction in adults, and disturbances in reproductive parameters. The findings underscore the need for better public health intervention strategies. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - Johnson, B L AU - Hicks, H E AU - De Rosa, C T Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - S2 EP - S12 VL - 80 IS - 2 Pt 2 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Fishes KW - Body Burden KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Xenobiotics -- analysis KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69651576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Key+environmental+human+health+issues+in+the+Great+Lakes+and+St.+Lawrence+River+basins.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BHicks%2C+H+E%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=S2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health implications. AN - 69651472; 10092439 JF - Environmental research AU - Johnson, B L AU - De Rosa, C T AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - S246 EP - S248 VL - 80 IS - 2 Pt 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - International Cooperation KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Research -- trends KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69651472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Public+health+implications.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=S246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations in the retinoblastoma protein-binding LXCXE motif of rubella virus putative replicase affect virus replication. AN - 69618417; 10073691 AB - The rubella virus (RV)-encoded protein NSP90, which contains the retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding motif LXCXE, interacts with Rb and RV replication is reduced in cells lacking Rb. Whether the LXCXE motif of RV NSP90 itself is essential for Rb binding and virus replication is not known. Therefore, in the present study, the functional role of this motif was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis in a plasmid from which infectious RV RNA can be produced. Three critical mutations in the motif, two substitutions at the conserved cysteine residue (C --> G and C --> R) and a deletion of the entire motif, were created. A cell-free translated NSP90 C terminus polypeptide containing the deletion did not bind to Rb and a polypeptide carrying the C --> R substitution had barely detectable binding affinity for Rb. Rb binding by the C --> G mutant was reduced significantly compared to that of wild-type protein. Correlating with the binding results, mutant viruses containing the LXRXE and LXGXE motifs had a reduction in replication to < 0.5% and 47% of the wild-type, respectively, while deletion of the motif was found to be lethal. By the first serial passage, replication of the LXRXE-carrying virus had increased from < 0.5% to 2% of the wild-type. Sequencing of the genome of this virus revealed a nucleotide change that altered the motif from LXRXE to LXSXE, which is a known Rb-binding motif in two protein phosphatase subunits. Thus, our results clearly demonstrate that the LXCXE motif is required for efficient RV replication. JF - The Journal of general virology AU - Forng, R Y AU - Atreya, C D AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 327 EP - 332 VL - 80 ( Pt 2) SN - 0022-1317, 0022-1317 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - RNA Replicase KW - EC 2.7.7.48 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Vero Cells KW - Protein Binding -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Virus Replication -- genetics KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- genetics KW - Rubella virus -- physiology KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- metabolism KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- physiology KW - Rubella virus -- genetics KW - Virus Replication -- physiology KW - RNA Replicase -- physiology KW - Rubella virus -- enzymology KW - Mutation KW - RNA Replicase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69618417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+the+retinoblastoma+protein-binding+LXCXE+motif+of+rubella+virus+putative+replicase+affect+virus+replication.&rft.au=Forng%2C+R+Y%3BAtreya%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Forng&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=80+%28+Pt+2%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+general+virology&rft.issn=00221317&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1) genetic polymorphisms do not affect human breast cancer risk, regardless of dietary antioxidants. AN - 69599574; 10064333 AB - Glutathione-S-transferases catalyze the detoxication of carcinogen metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced through a number of mechanisms. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 is polymorphic, and the null allele results in a lack of enzyme activity. Because there are indications that ROS may be involved in breast carcinogenesis, we sought to determine whether the GSTM1 null allele was associated with increased breast cancer, particularly among women with lower consumption of dietary sources of alpha-tocopherol, carotenoids and ascorbic acid. In a study of diet and cancer in western New York, women with primary, incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer (n = 740) and community controls (n = 810) were interviewed and an extensive food-frequency questionnaire administered. A subset of these women provided a blood specimen. DNA was extracted and genotyping performed for GSTM1. Data were available for 279 cases and 340 controls. The null allele did not increase breast cancer risk, regardless of menopausal status. There were also no differences in associations between the polymorphism and risk among lower and higher consumers of dietary sources of antioxidants or smokers and nonsmokers. These results indicate that GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms are not associated with breast cancer risk, even in an environment low in antioxidant defenses. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Coles, B F AU - Freudenheim, J L AU - Shields, P G AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 565S EP - 568S VL - 129 IS - 2S Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Vegetables KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Postmenopause KW - Risk Factors KW - Premenopause KW - Humans KW - Carotenoids -- administration & dosage KW - Fruit KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Diet KW - Breast Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69599574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Glutathione-S-transferase+%28GSTM1%29+genetic+polymorphisms+do+not+affect+human+breast+cancer+risk%2C+regardless+of+dietary+antioxidants.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C+B%3BColes%2C+B+F%3BFreudenheim%2C+J+L%3BShields%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2S+Suppl&rft.spage=565S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genetic polymorphisms, dietary antioxidants, and risk of breast cancer. AN - 69572894; 9973207 AB - Oxidative stress, resulting from the imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant states, damages DNA, proteins, cell membranes, and mitochondria and seems to play a role in human breast carcinogenesis. Dietary sources of antioxidants (chemical) and endogenous antioxidants (enzymatic), including the polymorphic manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), can act to reduce the load of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that the valine-to-alanine substitution that seems to alter transport of the enzyme into the mitochondrion, changing its efficacy in fighting oxidative stress, was associated with breast cancer risk and that a diet rich in sources of antioxidants could ameliorate the effects on risk. Data were collected in a case-control study of diet and breast cancer in western New York from 1986 to 1991. Caucasian women with incident, primary, histologically confirmed breast cancer were frequency-matched on age and county of residence to community controls. Blood specimens were collected and processed from a subset of participants in the study (266 cases and 295 controls). Using a RFLP that distinguishes a valine (V) to alanine (A) change in the -9 position in the signal sequence of the protein for MnSOD, we characterized MnSOD genotypes in relation to breast cancer risk. We also evaluated the effect of the polymorphism on risk among low and high consumers of fruits and vegetables. Premenopausal women who were homozygous for the A allele had a 4-fold increase in breast cancer risk in comparison to those with 1 or 2 V alleles (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.8). Risk was most pronounced among women below the median consumption of fruits and vegetables and of dietary ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, with little increased risk for those with diets rich in these foods. Relationships were weaker among postmenopausal women, although the MnSOD AA genotype was associated with an almost 2-fold increase in risk (odds ratio, 1.8; confidence interval, 0.9-3.6). No appreciable modification of risk by diet was detected for these older women. These data support the hypothesis that MnSOD and oxidative stress play a significant role in breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women. The finding that risk was greatest among women who consumed lower amounts of dietary antioxidants and was minimal among high consumers indicates that a diet rich in sources of antioxidants may minimize the deleterious effects of the MnSOD polymorphism, thereby supporting public health recommendations for the consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables as a preventive measure against cancer. JF - Cancer research AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Freudenheim, J L AU - Thompson, P A AU - Bowman, E AU - Vena, J E AU - Marshall, J R AU - Graham, S AU - Laughlin, R AU - Nemoto, T AU - Shields, P G AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/02/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 01 SP - 602 EP - 606 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Alleles KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Breast Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Breast Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69572894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Manganese+superoxide+dismutase+%28MnSOD%29+genetic+polymorphisms%2C+dietary+antioxidants%2C+and+risk+of+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C+B%3BFreudenheim%2C+J+L%3BThompson%2C+P+A%3BBowman%2C+E%3BVena%2C+J+E%3BMarshall%2C+J+R%3BGraham%2C+S%3BLaughlin%2C+R%3BNemoto%2C+T%3BShields%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No threshold dose for estradiol-induced sex reversal of turtle embryos: how little is too much? AN - 69570079; 9924012 AB - Risk assessments for nongenotoxic chemicals assume a threshold below which no adverse outcomes are seen. However, when an endogenous chemical, such as 17ss-estradiol (E2), occurs at a concentration sufficient to cause an effect, the threshold is already exceeded. Under these circumstances, exogenous estradiol is not expected to provide a threshold dose. This principle is demonstrated for E2 in the red-eared slider, a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination. In this species, gonadal sex is determined by egg incubation temperature; female development requires endogenous estrogen produced by elevated temperature. While normal production of females by endogenous estrogens is not an adverse effect, exogenous estrogens can sex reverse presumptive males, which can be an adverse effect. A large dose-response study was conducted using seven doses and a vehicle control (starting n = 300/group); a single E2 dose was applied to the eggshell of recently laid eggs. Animals were sexed after hatching. The incubation temperature chosen, 28.6 degrees C, generates a minority of females. Thus, the criteria for testing the threshold hypothesis were met, i.e., there is evidence that there is endogenous estrogen and that it generates an irreversible response. The lowest E2 dose tested, 400 pg/egg (40 ng/kg), sex reversed 14.4% of the animals, demonstrating very low dose sensitivity. The data were fit with a modified Michaelis-Menten equation, which provided an estimate of 1.7 ng/egg for endogenous estradiol. The median effective dose (ED50) was 5.0 +/- 2.0 ng/egg (95% confidence limits), of which 1.7 ng/egg was endogenous estradiol and 3.3 ng/egg came from the applied estradiol. There was no apparent threshold dose for E2. A smaller replication confirmed these results. These results provide a simple biologically based dose-response model and suggest that chemicals which act mechanistically like E2 may also show no threshold dose. If so, even low environmental concentrations of such chemicals may carry risk for sex reversal. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Willingham, E AU - Gaylor, D AU - Bergeron, J M AU - Crews, D AD - Division of Genetic and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 155 EP - 159 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - Embryonic Development KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Estrogens -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sex Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Turtles -- physiology KW - Turtles -- embryology KW - Disorders of Sex Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69570079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=No+threshold+dose+for+estradiol-induced+sex+reversal+of+turtle+embryos%3A+how+little+is+too+much%3F&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+D+M%3BWillingham%2C+E%3BGaylor%2C+D%3BBergeron%2C+J+M%3BCrews%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):922-4 [7256288] Fed Proc. 1980 Jan;39(1):73-5 [7351247] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1991 Mar;81(3):357-64 [2055436] J Exp Zool. 1991 Dec;260(3):371-81 [1744617] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Aug;19(2):298-306 [1516788] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jan;20(1):48-56 [8381755] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Apr;20(3):288-94 [8504902] Risk Anal. 1993 Oct;13(5):565-72 [8259447] Dev Genet. 1994;15(3):297-312 [8062460] Toxicology. 1995 Sep 1;102(1-2):3-20 [7482561] Biol Reprod. 1995 Oct;53(4):863-72 [8547482] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995 Oct;100(1):53-60 [8575659] Zoolog Sci. 1996 Feb;13(1):1-13 [8688803] Drug Metab Rev. 1996 Feb-May;28(1-2):9-27 [8744587] Nature. 1996 Nov 21;384(6606):221-2 [8918871] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 4;94(5):2056-61 [9050904] J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 1998 Jan-Mar;1(1):3-26 [9487091] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Sep;102(9):780-1 [9657710] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1960 Jun;88:262-6 [13800504] Science. 1968 Oct 18;162(3851):371-2 [5677532] Teratology. 1988 Oct;38(4):389-91 [3238595] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adolescent Sexual Behavior in Two Ethnic Minority Samples: The Role of Family Variables AN - 61561022; 9910590 AB - Interview data are used to examine family structural variables (family income, parental education, & maternal marital status) & process variables (maternal monitoring, mother-adolescent general communication, mother-adolescent sexual communication, & maternal attitudes about adolescent sexual behavior) as predictors of indices of adolescent sexual behavior & risk due to sexual behavior in 907 black & Hispanic families in Montgomery, AL; New York City; & San Juan, Puerto Rico. Findings indicate that family structure variables failed to predict adolescent sexual behavior. In contrast, each of the three family process variables predicted multiple indices of adolescent sexual behavior & risk due to sexual behavior. Neither adolescent gender nor ethnicity qualified the findings. Differences did emerge among the three locations & by reporter (adolescent or mother) of the family process variables. 4 Tables, 49 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Marriage and the Family AU - Miller, Kim S AU - Forehand, Rex AU - Kotchick, Beth A AD - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, STD, & TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Dept of Health & Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333 Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 85 EP - 98 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2445, 0022-2445 KW - New York City, New York KW - Black Americans KW - Family Structure KW - Parent Child Relations KW - Alabama KW - San Juan, Puerto Rico KW - Puerto Rican Americans KW - Risk KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Minority Groups KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Adolescents KW - article KW - 1939: the family and socialization; adolescence & youth KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61561022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Marriage+and+the+Family&rft.atitle=Adolescent+Sexual+Behavior+in+Two+Ethnic+Minority+Samples%3A+The+Role+of+Family+Variables&rft.au=Miller%2C+Kim+S%3BForehand%2C+Rex%3BKotchick%2C+Beth+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Marriage+and+the+Family&rft.issn=00222445&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JMFAA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adolescents; Sexual Behavior; Risk; Family Structure; Parent Child Relations; Black Americans; Hispanic Americans; Puerto Rican Americans; Ethnic Groups; Minority Groups; New York City, New York; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Alabama ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in dust levels with continuous miner position AN - 17397250; 4605963 AB - Little knowledge is available that considers the effects of continuous miner position on the possible respirable dust exposure of the remote mining-machine operator. Such information could be very useful for increasing the awareness of the remote operator as to those parts of an extended cut that generate higher levels of respirable dust. This data could be used to develop guidelines for positioning the remote operator to reduce his potential exposure. This work details the effects of continuous miner position on dust levels measured on the machine and at the remote continuous miner operator location. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Goodman, GVR AU - Listak, J M AD - National Institute for Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 53 EP - 55 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - Dust KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17397250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Variation+in+dust+levels+with+continuous+miner+position&rft.au=Goodman%2C+GVR%3BListak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=GVR&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dust; Mining; Occupational exposure; Inhalation; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Databases in the assessment of the effects of drugs during pregnancy AN - 17314193; 4586961 AB - There is limited information on the effects of marketed drugs in pregnant women, largely because premarketing studies are not conducted in this population unless the agent is intended for specific use during pregnancy. Current information on the use of available medications during pregnancy includes 3 types of data: (1) case reports, (2) case-control studies, and (3) cohort studies. Assessments of pregnancy risk related to medication use most commonly involve case reports, and each year the Food and Drug Administration catalogs approximately 1000 suspected adverse drug experiences during pregnancy. The Food and Drug Administration, working with Michigan Medicaid, has developed a database of several hundred thousand pregnancy outcomes. Results of this study for asthma medications used between 1980 and 1992 are presented. However, interpretation of the results is complicated, and substantially more data are required, particularly as new medications become available. JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AU - Rosa, F AD - Division of Drug Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - S360 EP - S361 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Dose-response effects KW - Drugs KW - Side effects KW - Pregnancy KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17314193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Databases+in+the+assessment+of+the+effects+of+drugs+during+pregnancy&rft.au=Rosa%2C+F&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=S360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pregnancy; Drugs; Side effects; Risk assessment; Dose-response effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short Communication: Use of a bioassay to evaluate the toxicity of beauvericin to bacteria AN - 17313160; 4589559 AB - An agar diffusion bioassay was used to compare the sensitivities of bacteria to the mycotoxin beauvericin. Bacillus pumilus LACB101 was inhibited by filter-paper disks containing 0.1 mu g of beauvericin; B. cereus, B. mycoides, B. sphaericus, Paenibacillus alvei, P. azotofixans, P. macquariensis, and P. pulvifaciens by 1 mu g; and P. validus by 25 mu g. The anaerobes Eubacterium biforme, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, P. productus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Clostridium perfringens were also inhibited by beauvericin. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Castlebury, LA AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Tanner, LA AU - Henderson, AL AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jsutherland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 131 EP - 133 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Bioassays KW - beauvericin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Agar KW - Paenibacillus KW - Agar diffusion test KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Bifidobacterium adolescentis KW - Bacillus mycoides KW - Eubacterium biforme KW - Paenibacillus azotofixans KW - Peptostreptococcus KW - Paenibacillus macquariensis KW - Bacillus KW - Bacillus pumilus KW - Peptostreptococcus productus KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Bacillus sphaericus KW - Paenibacillus pulvifaciens KW - Mycotoxins KW - Peptostreptococcus anaerobius KW - Paenibacillus validus KW - Disc-diffusion test KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17313160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Short+Communication%3A+Use+of+a+bioassay+to+evaluate+the+toxicity+of+beauvericin+to+bacteria&rft.au=Castlebury%2C+LA%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BTanner%2C+LA%3BHenderson%2C+AL%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Castlebury&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008855406319 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus; Bacillus mycoides; Bacillus pumilus; Bacillus sphaericus; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Clostridium perfringens; Eubacterium biforme; Paenibacillus; Paenibacillus azotofixans; Paenibacillus macquariensis; Paenibacillus pulvifaciens; Paenibacillus validus; Peptostreptococcus; Peptostreptococcus anaerobius; Peptostreptococcus productus; Mycotoxins; Antibacterial agents; Agar diffusion test; Disc-diffusion test; Agar DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008855406319 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemistry of type IV secretion AN - 17295860; 4504411 AB - In the past year, our knowledge of type IV transporters of Gram-negative bacteria has further expanded. Advances include the discovery of additional members of this family of proteins, increased knowledge of the morphologies of type IV transporters, and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which macromolecules are exported by these systems. JF - Current Opinion in Microbiology AU - Burns, D L AD - CBER, US Food and Drug Administration, HFM-434, Building 29, Room 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, burns@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 25 EP - 29 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1369-5274, 1369-5274 KW - type IV secretion KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Reviews KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17295860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biochemistry+of+type+IV+secretion&rft.au=Burns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=13695274&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1369-5274%2899%2980004-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Host-microbe interactions: bacteria N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Gram-negative bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(99)80004-6 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Volunteer phytoplankton program AN - 17291781; 4522118 AB - A group of volunteer field plankton observers can be equipped with nets and small field microscopes to be a significant asset to a marine biotoxin management program. Although plankton observations are not likely to replace toxicity testing, they can make a program more cost effective by focusing toxicity testing on times, locations and toxins of greatest concern. Following collection of plankton with a net, the samples are examined with a small field microscope that can have a portable video camera attached to aid in training observers and in documenting observations on videotape. An informal demonstration was given on the use of the equipment. JF - Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae. AU - Hall, S A2 - Martin, JL (ed) A2 - Haya, K (ed) Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 1 KW - performance assessment KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Biological poisons KW - Abstracts KW - Phytoplankton KW - Sampling KW - Monitoring systems KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17291781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Sixth+Canadian+Workshop+on+Harmful+Marine+Algae.&rft.atitle=Volunteer+phytoplankton+program&rft.au=Hall%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2261&rft.spage=p30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Sixth+Canadian+Workshop+on+Harmful+Marine+Algae.&rft.issn=07066457&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summ. only. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hprt mutant frequency and molecular analysis of Hprt mutations in Fischer 344 rats treated with thiotepa AN - 17248654; 4542543 AB - Thiotepa is a bifunctional alkylating anticancer drug that is a rodent carcinogen and a suspected human carcinogen. In order to determine the sensitivity of mutant induction in the Hprt lymphocyte assay for detecting tumorigenic doses of thiotepa, Fischer 344 rats were treated for 4 weeks with thiotepa using a procedure adapted from a carcinogenesis protocol. At various times after beginning the treatment regimen, rats were killed and the lymphocyte Hprt assay was performed on splenic lymphocytes isolated from the animals. The 6-thioguanine-resistant T lymphocyte mutant frequency increased with time during the period of thiotepa exposure and declined slightly thereafter. Significant dose-dependent increases in mutant frequency were found using concentrations of thiotepa that eventually result in lymphoproliferative tumors. Hprt mRNA from mutant lymphocytes was reverse transcribed to cDNA, amplified by PCR and examined for mutations by DNA sequencing. This analysis indicated that the major type of point mutation was G:C[rarr]T:A transversion and that 33% of the mutants contained simple or complex frameshifts. Also, a multiplex PCR performed on DNA from mutant clones that were expanded in vitro indicated that 34% of the clones had deletions in the Hprt gene. These results indicate that the induction of lymphocyte Hprt mutants is a sensitive biomarker for the carcinogenicity of thiotepa and that the types of mutations found in the lymphocyte Hprt gene reflect the kinds of DNA damage produced by thiotepa. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Chen, T AU - Aidoo, A AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Casciano, DA AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, rheflich@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 269 EP - 277 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Hprt gene KW - cDNA KW - mRNA KW - nucleotide sequence KW - rats KW - thiotepa KW - triethylenethiophosphoramide KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Spleen KW - Lymphocytes KW - Antitumor agents KW - DNA damage KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Lymphocytes T KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17248654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Hprt+mutant+frequency+and+molecular+analysis+of+Hprt+mutations+in+Fischer+344+rats+treated+with+thiotepa&rft.au=Chen%2C+T%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BCasciano%2C+DA%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; DNA damage; Lymphocytes; Antitumor agents; Lymphocytes T; Spleen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concerns of the dry-cleaning industry: A qualitative investigation of labor and management AN - 17245169; 4524952 AB - Occupational scientists agree there are hazards associated with dry-cleaning, but do dry-cleaning owners and workers concur? Knowledge of owners' and workers' perceptions can help guide intervention efforts to reduce worker exposure. To better understand these issues, a qualitative study was conducted using focus group methodology and constant comparative analysis. Two owner and four worker focus groups were held. Findings suggest that overall, health and safety issues were not of great concern. Owners were primarily concerned with the economic impact of regulations. Workers did express some anxiety about solvent exposure and burns, but most felt that these hazards were "just part of the job." Also, other than the installation of air-conditioning in the shops and the provision of health benefits, workers could not think of ways health and safety on the job could be improved. These findings will be used to develop comprehensive safety and health interventions (e.g., engineering plus education and training) in dry-cleaning shops. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Goldenhar, L M AU - Ruder, A M AU - Ewers, L M AU - Earnest, S AU - Haag, WM AU - Petersen, M R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation, and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS-R16, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 112 EP - 123 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dry cleaning industry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Hazards KW - Training KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Concerns+of+the+dry-cleaning+industry%3A+A+qualitative+investigation+of+labor+and+management&rft.au=Goldenhar%2C+L+M%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BEwers%2C+L+M%3BEarnest%2C+S%3BHaag%2C+WM%3BPetersen%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Goldenhar&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational health; Training; Hazards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity and safety of DNA plasmids encoding IL-4 and IFN gamma AN - 17194528; 4490697 AB - Cytokine-encoding DNA plasmids can act as `genetic adjuvants', improving the immune response stimulated by co-administered DNA vaccines. We examined whether plasmids encoding the Th1 cytokine IFN gamma (pIFN gamma ) or the Th2 cytokine IL-4 (pIL-4) have long-term effects on immune homeostasis when administered to adult mice, or alter immune maturation in neonates. Both plasmids boosted immunity against a co-administered vaccine, with pIFN gamma promoting the development of a Th1 response (characterized by the production of IgG2a antibodies), and pIL-4 preferentially stimulating a Th2 response (characterized by increased IgG1 antibody production). Both pIFN gamma and pIL-4 influenced the ratio of cells actively secreting Th1 versus Th2 cytokines, consistent with an effect on Th cell maturation. Interestingly, this effect persisted for only a few weeks and was not magnified by repeated plasmid administration. Cytokine-encoding plasmids had no long-term effect on the immune response of newborn or adult mice to subsequent antigenic stimulation, nor did they selectively induce the production of pathogenic anti-DNA autoantibodies. These results suggest cytokine-encoding plasmids may be safe as immune adjuvants. JF - Gene Therapy AU - Ishii, K J AU - Weiss, W R AU - Ichino, M AU - Verthelyi, D AU - Klinman, D M AD - Retroviral Immunology Section, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 237 EP - 244 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0969-7128, 0969-7128 KW - gamma -Interferon KW - cytokines KW - mice KW - plasmids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Gene therapy KW - Adjuvants KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immune response KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - G 07240:Immunogenetics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17194528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Activity+and+safety+of+DNA+plasmids+encoding+IL-4+and+IFN+gamma&rft.au=Ishii%2C+K+J%3BWeiss%2C+W+R%3BIchino%2C+M%3BVerthelyi%2C+D%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ishii&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=09697128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunoglobulin G; Immune response; Interleukin 4; Gene therapy; Adjuvants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter jejuni - An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen AN - 17192368; 4483736 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of foodborne infection in the United States. Adding to the human and economic costs are chronic sequelae associated with C. jejuni infection - Guillian-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis. In addition, an increasing proportion of human infections caused by C. jejuni are resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Mishandling of raw poultry and consumption of undercooked poultry are the major risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. Efforts to prevent human illness are needed throughout each link in the food chain. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Stern, N J AU - Fields, P I AU - Swerdlow, D L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Blacksburg, VA, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - food-borne diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Microbial contamination KW - Public health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17192368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+jejuni+-+An+Emerging+Foodborne+Pathogen&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BFields%2C+P+I%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Online access: http://www.cdc.gov/. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Microbial contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of PtlC, an essential component of the pertussis toxin secretion system AN - 17177333; 4471038 AB - PtlC is a member of a set of proteins necessary for the secretion of pertussis toxin (PT) from Bordetella pertussis. Using polyclonal antibodies specific for PtlC, we identified PtlC as a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 that localizes to the membrane fraction of bacterial cell extracts. We found that a mutant strain of B. pertussis that contains an in-frame deletion in ptlC is unable to secrete PT and that PT secretion is fully restored by expressing ptlC in trans, indicating that PtlC is essential for transport of PT across the bacterial membrane(s). PT secretion was inhibited in wild-type B. pertussis after introduction of a plasmid expressing a mutant ptlC altered in the putative nucleotide-binding region, suggesting that this region of PtlC is essential for proper function. Moreover, the observed dominant negative phenotype suggests that PtlC either functions as a multimer or interacts with some other component(s) necessary for secretion of PT. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Cook, D M AU - Farizo, K M AU - Burns, D L AD - CBER/FDA, HFM-434, Building 29, Room 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, burns@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 754 EP - 759 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Nucleotide-binding protein KW - PtlC protein KW - ptlC gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Deletion mutant KW - Membrane proteins KW - Toxins KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+PtlC%2C+an+essential+component+of+the+pertussis+toxin+secretion+system&rft.au=Cook%2C+D+M%3BFarizo%2C+K+M%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Deletion mutant; Gene expression; Toxins; Membrane proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection against anthrax toxin by vaccination with a DNA plasmid encoding anthrax protective antigen. AN - 69571858; 9987172 AB - A DNA vaccine encoding the immunogenic and biologically active portion of anthrax protective antigen (PA) was constructed. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized intramuscularly with this vaccine were stimulated to secrete IFN gamma and IL-4 when exposed to PA in vitro. Immunized mice also mounted a humoral immune response dominated by IgG1 anti-PA antibody production, the subclass previously shown to confer protection against anthrax toxin. A 1:100 dilution of serum from these animals protected cells in vitro against cytotoxic concentrations of PA. Moreover, 7/8 mice immunized three times with the PA DNA vaccine were protected against lethal challenge with a combination of anthrax protective antigen plus lethal factor. JF - Vaccine AU - Gu, M L AU - Leppla, S H AU - Klinman, D M AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1999/01/28/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 28 SP - 340 EP - 344 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - anthrax toxin KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Interferon-gamma -- secretion KW - Interleukin-4 -- secretion KW - Genetic Code KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- immunology KW - Vaccination KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69571858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+against+anthrax+toxin+by+vaccination+with+a+DNA+plasmid+encoding+anthrax+protective+antigen.&rft.au=Gu%2C+M+L%3BLeppla%2C+S+H%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-28&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tk+/- mouse model for detecting in vivo mutation in an endogenous, autosomal gene. AN - 69596513; 10029690 AB - Tk+/- transgenic mice were created using an embryonic stem cell line in which one allele of the endogenous thymidine kinase (Tk) gene was inactivated by targeted homologous recombination. Breeding Tk+/- parents produced viable Tk-/- knockout (KO) mice. Splenic lymphocytes from KO mice were used in reconstruction experiments for determining the conditions necessary for recovering Tk somatic cell mutants from Tk+/- mice. The cloning efficiency of KO lymphocytes was not affected by the toxic thymidine analogues 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) or trifluorothymidine (TFT), or by BrdUrd in the presence of lymphocytes from Tk+/- animals; however, it was easier to identify clones resistant to BrdUrd than to TFT when Tk+/- cells were present. Tk+/- mice were treated with vehicle or 100 mg/kg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), and after 4 months, the frequency of Tk mutant lymphocytes was measured by resistance to BrdUrd. The frequency of Tk mutants was 22+/-5.9x10-6 in control animals and 80+/-31x10-6 in treated mice. In comparison, the frequency of Hprt mutant lymphocytes, as measured by resistance to 6-thioguanine, was 2.0+/-1.2x10-6 in control animals and 84+/-28x10-6 in the ENU-treated mice. Analysis of BrdUrd-resistant lymphocyte clones derived from the ENU-treated animals revealed point mutations in the non-targeted Tk allele. These results indicate that the selection of BrdUrd-resistant lymphocytes from Tk+/- mice may be used for assessing in vivo mutation in an endogenous, autosomal gene. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Casciano, D A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. vdobrovolsky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/01/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 25 SP - 125 EP - 136 VL - 423 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Models, Genetic KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- deficiency KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Thymidine Kinase -- deficiency KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69596513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Tk%2B%2F-+mouse+model+for+detecting+in+vivo+mutation+in+an+endogenous%2C+autosomal+gene.&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-01-25&rft.volume=423&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxin B1-induced Hprt mutations in splenic lymphocytes of Fischer 344 rats. Results of an intermittent feeding trial. AN - 69596214; 10029671 AB - In a previous study, we found an increase in the mutant frequency at the Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) locus in the splenic lymphocytes of Fischer 344 rats acutely exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Because an acute exposure may not reflect the exposure pattern of individuals whose diet may contain AFB1-contaminated foodstuffs, we sought to determine if the feeding regimen affected the induction of Hprt mutations in the rat splenic lymphocyte. Thus, Fischer 344 rats were fed either (A) a control diet, (B) various doses of AFB1 for three four-week periods interspersed with two four-week periods of the control diet, or (C) continuously fed 1.6 ppm of AFB1. Not only was a significant increase in the mutant frequency detected in the lymphocytes of rats fed a dose as low as 0. 01 ppm of AFB1, but the increase in the mutant frequency at the end of the 20-week experimental period was consistent with an accumulation of damage induced by AFB1. These results indicate that the rat lymphocyte/Hprt assay is useful for detecting chronic low level exposures. Further, these data suggest that an intermittent, low-level exposure to AFB1 may present a human health risk. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Morris, S M AU - Aidoo, A AU - Chen, J J AU - Chou, M W AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. smorris@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/01/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 25 SP - 33 EP - 38 VL - 423 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Animal Feed KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- enzymology KW - Male KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- administration & dosage KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69596214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Aflatoxin+B1-induced+Hprt+mutations+in+splenic+lymphocytes+of+Fischer+344+rats.+Results+of+an+intermittent+feeding+trial.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-25&rft.volume=423&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactions of sperm whale myoglobin with hydrogen peroxide. Effects of distal pocket mutations on the formation and stability of the ferryl intermediate. AN - 69558776; 9890961 AB - Distal pocket mutants of sperm whale oxymyoglobin (oxy-Mb) were reacted with a 2.5-fold excess of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, 37 degreesC. We describe a mechanism composed of three distinct steps: 1) initial oxidation of oxy- to ferryl-Mb, 2) autoreduction of the ferryl intermediate to ferric metmyoglobin (metMb), and 3) reaction of metMb with an additional HOOH molecule to regenerate the ferryl intermediate creating a pseudoperoxidase catalytic cycle. Mutation of Leu-29(B10) to Phe slows the initial oxidation reaction 3-fold but has little effect on the rate of ferryl reduction to ferric met-aquo-myoglobin. In contrast, the Val-68(E11) to Phe mutation causes a small, 60% increase in the initial oxidation reaction and a much larger 2. 5-fold increase in the rate of autoreduction. Double insertion of Phe at both the B10- and E11-positions (L29F/V68F) produces a mutant with oxidation characteristics of both single mutants, slow initial oxidation, and rapid autoreduction, but an extraordinarily high affinity for O2. Replacing His-64(E7) with Gln produces 3-4-fold increases in both processes. Combining the mutation H64Q with L29F results in a myoglobin with enhanced resistance to metMb formation in the absence of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. catalase and superoxide dismutase) due to its own high pseudoperoxidase activity, which rapidly removes any HOOH produced in the initial stages of autoxidation. This double substitution occurs naturally in the myoglobin of Asian elephants, and similar multiple replacements have been used to reduce selectively the rate of nitric oxide (NO)-induced oxidation of both recombinant MbO2 and HbO2 blood substitute prototypes without altering O2 affinity. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Alayash, A I AU - Ryan, B A AU - Eich, R F AU - Olson, J S AU - Cashon, R E AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Alayash@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/01/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 22 SP - 2029 EP - 2037 VL - 274 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - 0 KW - Myoglobin KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Whales KW - Mutagenesis KW - Myoglobin -- genetics KW - Myoglobin -- chemistry KW - Ferric Compounds -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69558776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Reactions+of+sperm+whale+myoglobin+with+hydrogen+peroxide.+Effects+of+distal+pocket+mutations+on+the+formation+and+stability+of+the+ferryl+intermediate.&rft.au=Alayash%2C+A+I%3BRyan%2C+B+A%3BEich%2C+R+F%3BOlson%2C+J+S%3BCashon%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-22&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced levels of catalase activity potentiate MPP super(+)-induced toxicity: comparison between MN9D cells and CHO cells AN - 17229386; 4511408 AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to be toxic by inducing oxygen free radicals in the mammalian nervous system, especially in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The present study was designed to compare the toxic effects of MPP super(+), the active metabolite of MPTP, in MN9D neuronal cells that exhibit relatively low levels of catalase activity, as compared to CHO cells, which exhibit high levels of catalase activity. The survival of the MN9D cells in the presence of 250 mu M MPP super(+) was less than 10%, whereas CHO cells exhibited 70% survival at the same concentration of MPP super(+). The ED sub(50) values of MPP super(+) in MN9D and CHO cell lines were 60-600 mu M, respectively. MN9D cells contain less catalase, an enzyme believed to be involved in the detoxification of free radicals compared to CHO cells. The catalase activity was 2 Units/mg protein in MN9D cells and 30 U/mg protein in CHO cells. The catalase activity in CHO cells increased with increasing MPP super(+) concentrations from 100-500 mu M, however, it decreased at 1 mM MPP super(+). In contrast, catalase activity in MN9D remained the same at all MPP super(+) concentrations. When the CHO cells were pre-treated with 10-25 mM 3-aminotriazole (3-AT), which inhibits catalase activity, and exposed to MPP super(+) at various concentrations, they became susceptible to MPP super(+). It is evident from these data that the differential susceptibility to MPP super(+) in these two cell lines are due to differences in catalase activity. In addition, the inhibition of constituentive catalase activity in CHO cells by 3-AT treatment enhances their susceptibility. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that catalase activity represents an important defence mechanism in MPTP-induced toxicity. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Hussain, S AU - Hass, B S AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, Sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/01/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 11 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 104 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - MN9D cells KW - MPP super(+) KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - CHO cells KW - Catalase KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17229386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Reduced+levels+of+catalase+activity+potentiate+MPP+super%28%2B%29-induced+toxicity%3A+comparison+between+MN9D+cells+and+CHO+cells&rft.au=Hussain%2C+S%3BHass%2C+B+S%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-11&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catalase; CHO cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preclinical Development Strategies for Novel Gene Therapeutic Products AN - 762280502; 13645927 AB - With over 220 investigational new drug applications currently active, gene therapy represents one of the fastest growing areas in biotherapeutic research. Initially conceived for replacing defective genes in diseases such as cystic fibrosis or inborn errors of metabolism with genes encoding the normal, or wild-type, gene product, gene therapy has expanded into other novel applications such as treatment of cancer or cardiovascular disease, where the risk: benefit profiles may be more acceptable in relation to the severity of the disease. Different types of vectors, including modified retroviruses, adenoviruses, adenovirus-associated viruses, and herpesviruses and plasmid DNA, are used to transfer foreign genetic material into patients' cells or tissues. Developing a toxicology program to determine the safety of these agents, therefore, requires a modified approach that encompasses the pharmacology and toxicity of both the gene product itself and the vector system used for delivery in the context of the application for the clinical trial. In general, the issues involved in designing and developing appropriate preclinical testing to determine the safety of these products are similar to those encountered for other recombinant molecules, including protein biotherapeutics. Limitations to some of the typical toxicology studies conducted for a traditional drug development program may exist for these agents, and nontraditional approaches may be required to demonstrate their safety. Many factors may affect the safety and clinical activity of these agents, including the route, frequency, and duration of exposure and the type of vector employed. Other safety considerations include quantitation of the duration and degree of expression of the vector in target and other tissues, the effects of gene expression on organ pathology and/or histology, evaluation of trafficking of gene-transduced cells or vector after injection, and interactions of the host immune system with the transduced cell population. Because of the unique concerns regarding each of these therapies, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research encourages sponsors to obtain toxicity data whenever possible while evaluating the pharmacologic activity of the vector in a species or animal model relevant to their clinical indication. Sponsors are encouraged to discuss preclinical study design and results with the Center during product development to facilitate early identification of safety concerns prior to entry of these novel agents into the clinical setting and to ensure an uninterrupted course of development while addressing issues required for licensure. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Pilaro, Anne M AU - Serabian, Mercedes A AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Therapeutics Research and Review, Rockville, Maryland 20852 Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 4 EP - 7 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Gene therapy KW - Pharmacology KW - Inborn errors of metabolism KW - Immune system KW - Animal models KW - Drug development KW - Toxicity KW - Plasmids KW - Clinical trials KW - Cancer KW - Expression vectors KW - Retrovirus KW - DNA KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - Quantitation KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - V 22300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762280502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Preclinical+Development+Strategies+for+Novel+Gene+Therapeutic+Products&rft.au=Pilaro%2C+Anne+M%3BSerabian%2C+Mercedes+A&rft.aulast=Pilaro&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339902700102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Gene therapy; Pharmacology; Immune system; Inborn errors of metabolism; Animal models; Drug development; Toxicity; Plasmids; Clinical trials; Cancer; Expression vectors; DNA; Cardiovascular diseases; Quantitation; Cystic fibrosis; Retrovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339902700102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicologic Pathology of Cytokines, Cytokine Receptors, and Other Recombinant Human Proteins. Development of a Recombinant Interleukin-4-Pseudomonas Exotoxin for Therapy of Glioblastoma AN - 755139132; 13645936 AB - About 12,000 Americans are diagnosed with malignant astrocytoma each year. Despite surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of these patients remains poor. Targeted toxins based on the identification of novel antigens or receptors provide a promising new approach to treating cancer. We have identified one such cell surface protein in the form of interleukin (IL)-4 receptors (IL-4R) on human malignant astrocytoma. Normal brain tissues from frontal cortex and temporal lobe cortex do not express IL-4R. To target IL-4R, we generated a chimeric fusion protein composed of IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE). This toxin is highly cytotoxic to IL-4R-bearing human brain cancer cells. Preclinical toxicologic experiments were performed in mice, rats, and guinea pigs to determine an maximum tolerated dose. Intrathecal administration in cynomolgus monkeys produced high cerebrospinal fluid levels without any central nervous system or other abnormalities. When IL4-PE was injected into the right frontal cortex of rats, localized necrosis was observed at 1,000 but not ,100 kg/ml doses. Intravenous administration of this biologic to monkeys produced reversible grade 3 or grade 4 elevations of hepatic enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that localized administration can produce nontoxic levels of IL4-PE that may have significant activity against astrocytoma. In vivo experiments with nude mice have demonstrated that IL4-PE has significant antitumor activity against human glioblastoma tumor model. Intratumor administration of IL4-PE has been initiated for the treatment of malignant astrocytoma in a phase I clinical trial. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 53 EP - 57 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Glioblastoma KW - Central nervous system KW - Cell surface KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Chemotherapy KW - Animal models KW - Radiotherapy KW - Pseudomonas KW - Cortex (temporal) KW - Clinical trials KW - Necrosis KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Surgery KW - Cytokine receptors KW - Cynomolgus KW - Temporal lobe KW - Intravenous administration KW - Astrocytoma KW - Prognosis KW - Brain KW - Cortex (frontal) KW - Enzymes KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Liver KW - Fusion protein KW - Antitumor activity KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - F 06915:Cancer Immunology KW - N3 11024:Neuroimmunology KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755139132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Toxicologic+Pathology+of+Cytokines%2C+Cytokine+Receptors%2C+and+Other+Recombinant+Human+Proteins.+Development+of+a+Recombinant+Interleukin-4-Pseudomonas+Exotoxin+for+Therapy+of+Glioblastoma&rft.au=Puri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Raj&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339902700111 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell surface; Central nervous system; Glioblastoma; Interleukin 4; Chemotherapy; Animal models; Radiotherapy; Cortex (temporal); Clinical trials; Cerebrospinal fluid; Necrosis; Surgery; Cytokine receptors; Temporal lobe; Intravenous administration; Astrocytoma; Brain; Prognosis; Enzymes; Cortex (frontal); Tumors; Exotoxins; Toxins; Cancer; Cytotoxicity; Liver; Fusion protein; Antitumor activity; Pseudomonas; Cynomolgus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339902700111 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing a model of avoiding environmental tobacco smoke in young adults. AN - 70862392; 10528453 AB - To test an explanatory model of gender, self-efficacy, situational influences, and other health-promoting behaviors on the avoidance of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in young adults. ETS is a cause of lung cancer, pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although young adults are at increased risk for ETS exposure, there are few behavioral studies of ETS exposure and no reported studies of ETS exposure in young adults. Although college students are often exposed to ETS, the college environment offers a setting in which the opportunities for change are substantial. Model-testing. Data are reported on a convenience sample of 136 nonsmoking 18- to 25-year old students in one mid-atlantic U.S. university. This sample of nonsmokers was drawn from a larger sample of 241 smokers and nonsmokers in 1995. Model constructs were based on Pender's health promotion model (HPM). The General Self-efficacy Scale, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile, and ETS Avoidance Scale were used along with items measuring ETS-avoidance efficacy and Living with Smoke. Path analysis was used to test the model. The trimmed explanatory model showed that 26% of the variance in avoiding ETS was accounted for by gender, having self-efficacy, and ETS-avoidance efficacy, not living with people who smoke, and performing other healthy behaviors. Being female and general self-efficacy indirectly influenced ETS avoidance through their effects on related health promoting behaviors. The explanatory model of ETS avoidance can provide useful information for the development of interventions to prevent exposure to passive smoke. Given the occurrence of ETS exposure in young adults, longitudinal research using this explanatory model is yielding promising results. Enhancing the self-efficacy of young adults and encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors may be an important factor in their avoidance of ETS. JF - Image--the journal of nursing scholarship AU - Martinelli, A M AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA. amartinelli@hrsa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0743-5150, 0743-5150 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Models, Psychological KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Male KW - Female KW - Health Promotion KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Health Behavior KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70862392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Image--the+journal+of+nursing+scholarship&rft.atitle=Testing+a+model+of+avoiding+environmental+tobacco+smoke+in+young+adults.&rft.au=Martinelli%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Martinelli&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Image--the+journal+of+nursing+scholarship&rft.issn=07435150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin. Results of skin tests. AN - 69888244; 10410890 AB - Four patients with hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin of variable severity, after previous uneventful cisplatin and carboplatin treatment, are described. Skin testing performed in two of the patients suggests a cross-reaction with cisplatin but was negative with carboplatin in one of them. The mechanism of hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin is poorly understood and the issue of retreatment with carboplatin is controversial. Physicians should be aware of the possible hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin and appropriate precautions should be taken. JF - European journal of gynaecological oncology AU - Menczer, J AU - Barda, G AU - Glezerman, M AU - Hyat, H AU - Brenner, Y AU - Brickman, C M AU - Tanai, A AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 214 EP - 216 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0392-2936, 0392-2936 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carboplatin KW - BG3F62OND5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin Tests KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Carboplatin -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69888244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+gynaecological+oncology&rft.atitle=Hypersensitivity+reaction+to+carboplatin.+Results+of+skin+tests.&rft.au=Menczer%2C+J%3BBarda%2C+G%3BGlezerman%2C+M%3BHyat%2C+H%3BBrenner%2C+Y%3BBrickman%2C+C+M%3BTanai%2C+A&rft.aulast=Menczer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+gynaecological+oncology&rft.issn=03922936&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory decision strategy for entry of a novel biological therapeutic with a clinically unmonitorable toxicity into clinical trials: pre-IND meetings and a case example. AN - 69817102; 10367668 AB - The following material was derived from a synthesis of case histories taken from investigational new drug (IND) applications and drug sponsors' experiences, utilizing fictionalized data to avoid any resemblance to any proprietary information; any such resemblance is accidental. These examples are used as an instructional scenario to illustrate appropriate handling of a difficult toxicology issue. In this scenario, a drug caused a toxicity in animals that was detected only by histopathologic analysis; if it were to develop in patients, no conventional clinical methods could be identified to monitor for it. It is not unusual for a firm to cancel clinical development plans for a lead drug candidate that causes such a toxicity, especially if such a drug is intended for use as a chronic therapeutic in a population of patients with a chronic disease. This case synthesis was inspired by a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agreement to allow such a product to proceed into clinical trials after substantive pre-IND discussions and agreement on well-considered toxicology program designs. The scientists most closely involved in the strategy development included the sponsor's toxicologist, veterinary toxicologic pathologist, and pharmacokineticist, as well as the FDA's reviewing pharmacologist. The basis of this decision was thorough toxicity characterization (1-month studies in 2 species); correlating toxicities with a particular cumulative area under the curve (AUC) in both species; identification of the most sensitive species (the species that showed the lower AUC correlating with toxicity); allometric assessment of clearance of the drug in 3 nonhuman species; construction of a model of human kinetics (based on extrapolation from animal kinetics); and finally, estimation of clinical safety factors (ratios of the human estimated cumulative AUC at the proposed clinical doses, over the animal cumulative AUC that correlated with the no adverse effect levels). Industry and FDA scientists negotiated a joint assessment of risk and benefit in patients, resulting in the FDA permitting such a compound to enter into clinical trials for a serious autoimmune disease. Such constructive, early communication starts with the pre-IND meeting, and the conduct and planning for this meeting can be very important in establishing smooth scientific and regulatory groundwork for the future of a drug under IND investigation. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Black, L E AU - Bendele, A M AU - Bendele, R A AU - Zack, P M AU - Hamilton, M AD - Food and Drug Administration, CBER/OTRR, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. black@A1.cber.fda.gov PY - 1999 SP - 22 EP - 26 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Biological Products KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Risk Assessment KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - Investigational New Drug Application KW - Biological Products -- toxicity KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69817102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+decision+strategy+for+entry+of+a+novel+biological+therapeutic+with+a+clinically+unmonitorable+toxicity+into+clinical+trials%3A+pre-IND+meetings+and+a+case+example.&rft.au=Black%2C+L+E%3BBendele%2C+A+M%3BBendele%2C+R+A%3BZack%2C+P+M%3BHamilton%2C+M&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a recombinant interleukin-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin for therapy of glioblastoma. AN - 69816446; 10367674 AB - About 12,000 Americans are diagnosed with malignant astrocytoma each year. Despite surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of these patients remains poor. Targeted toxins based on the identification of novel antigens or receptors provide a promising new approach to treating cancer. We have identified one such cell surface protein in the form of interleukin (IL)-4 receptors (IL-4R) on human malignant astrocytoma. Normal brain tissues from frontal cortex and temporal lobe cortex do not express IL-4R. To target IL-4R, we generated a chimeric fusion protein composed of IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE). This toxin is highly cytotoxic to IL-4R-bearing human brain cancer cells. Preclinical toxicologic experiments were performed in mice, rats, and guinea pigs to determine an maximum tolerated dose. Intrathecal administration in cynomolgus monkeys produced high cerebrospinal fluid levels without any central nervous system or other abnormalities. When IL4-PE was injected into the right frontal cortex of rats, localized necrosis was observed at 1,000 but not < or =100 microg/ml doses. Intravenous administration of this biologic to monkeys produced reversible grade 3 or grade 4 elevations of hepatic enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that localized administration can produce nontoxic levels of IL4-PE that may have significant activity against astrocytoma. In vivo experiments with nude mice have demonstrated that IL4-PE has significant antitumor activity against human glioblastoma tumor model. Intratumor administration of IL4-PE has been initiated for the treatment of malignant astrocytoma in a phase I clinical trial. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 53 EP - 57 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - IL-4-PE40 protein, recombinant KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Design KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemical synthesis KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Brain Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Exotoxins -- chemical synthesis KW - Glioblastoma -- therapy KW - Interleukin-4 -- therapeutic use KW - Brain Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Glioblastoma -- metabolism KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-4 -- chemical synthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69816446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+recombinant+interleukin-4-Pseudomonas+exotoxin+for+therapy+of+glioblastoma.&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety assessment of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals: ICH and beyond. AN - 69816390; 10367669 AB - Many scientific discussions, especially in the past 8 yr, have focused on definition of criteria for the optimal assessment of the preclinical toxicity of pharmaceuticals. With the current overlap of responsibility among centers within the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), uniformity of testing standards, when appropriate, would be desirable. These discussions have extended beyond the boundaries of the FDA and have culminated in the acceptance of formalized, internationally recognized guidances. The work of the International Committee on Harmonisation (ICH) and the initiatives developed by the FDA are important because they (a) represent a consensus scientific opinion, (b) promote consistency, (c) improve the quality of the studies performed, (d) assist the public sector in determining what may be generally acceptable to prepare product development plans, and (e) provide guidance for the sponsors in the design of preclinical toxicity studies. Disadvantages associated with such initiatives include (a) the establishment of a historical database that is difficult to relinquish, (b) the promotion of a check-the-box approach, i.e., a tendancy to perform only the minimum evaluation required by the guidelines, (c) the creation of a disincentive for industry to develop and validate new models, and (d) the creation of state-of-the-art guidances that may not allow for appropriate evaluation of novel therapies. The introduction of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals for clinical use has often required the application of unique approaches to assessing their safety in preclinical studies. There is much diversity among these products, which include the gene and cellular therapies, monoclonal antibodies, human-derived recombinant regulatory proteins, blood products, and vaccines. For many of the biological therapies, there will be unique product issues that may require specific modifications to protocol design and may raise additional safety concerns (e.g., immunogenicity). Guidances concerning the design of preclinical studies for such therapies are generally based on the clinical indication. Risk versus benefit decisions are made with an understanding of the nature of the patient population, the severity of disease, and the availability of alternative therapies. Key components of protocol design for preclinical studies addressing the risks of these agents include (a) a safe starting dose in humans, (b) identification of potential target organs, (c) identification of clinical parameters that should be monitored in humans, and (d) identification of at-risk populations. One of the distinct aspects of the safety evaluation of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals is the use of relevant and often nontraditional species and the use of animal models of disease in preclinical safety evaluation. Extensive contributions were made by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research to the ICH document on the safety of biotherapeutics, which is intended to provide worldwide guidance for a framework approach to the design and review of preclinical programs. Rational, scientifically sound study design and early identification of the potential safety concerns that may be anticipated in the clinical trial can result in preclinical data that facilitate use of these novel therapies for use in humans without duplication of effort or the unnecessary use of animals. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Serabian, M A AU - Pilaro, A M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Therapeutics Research and Review, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 27 EP - 31 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Biological Products KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Investigational New Drug Application KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards KW - Biological Products -- toxicity KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Biotechnology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69816390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Safety+assessment+of+biotechnology-derived+pharmaceuticals%3A+ICH+and+beyond.&rft.au=Serabian%2C+M+A%3BPilaro%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Serabian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of processing on Fusarium mycotoxins. AN - 69766901; 10335380 AB - Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a wide variety of fungal species that contaminate food or feed. Fumonisins (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are examples of common mycotoxins in grains that have been shown to affect human and/or animal health. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been used for decontaminating grains containing these toxins. Some treatments reduce the concentration of mycotoxins while others are ineffective. For example, removal of damaged grain by density segregation can reduce DON and ZEN concentrations in corn and wheat. In contrast, thermal processing is usually ineffective for reducing the FUM and ZEN content of foods. More work is needed to identify effective methods for detoxifying mycotoxin contaminated food. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Jackson, L S AU - Bullerman, L B AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 243 EP - 261 VL - 459 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Index Medicus KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Carboxylic Acids -- chemistry KW - Zearalenone -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry KW - Triticum -- chemistry KW - Fusarium KW - Food Handling KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Crops, Agricultural -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69766901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+processing+on+Fusarium+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L+S%3BBullerman%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food safety in the 21st century. AN - 69752954; 10327714 AB - The global importance of food safety is not fully appreciated by many public health authorities despite a constant increase in the prevalence of foodborne illness. Numerous devastating outbreaks of salmonellosis, cholera, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections, hepatitis A and other diseases have occurred in both industrialized and developing countries. In addition, many of the re-emerging or newly recognized pathogens are foodborne or have the potential of being transmitted by food and/or drinking water. More foodborne pathogens can be expected because of changing production methods, processes, practices and habits. During the early 21st century, foodborne diseases can be expected to increase, especially in developing countries, in part because of environmental and demographic changes. These vary from climatic changes, changes in microbial and other ecological systems, to decreasing freshwater supplies. However, an even greater challenge to food safety will come from changes resulting directly in degradation of sanitation and the immediate human environment. These include the increased age of human populations, unplanned urbanization and migration and mass production of food due to population growth and changed food habits. Mass tourism and the huge international trade in food and feed is causing food and feedborne pathogens to spread transnationally. As new toxic agents are identified and new toxic effects recognized, the health and trade consequences of toxic chemicals in food will also have global implications. Meeting the huge challenge of food safety in the 21st century will require the application of new methods to identify, monitor and assess foodborne hazards. Both traditional and new technologies for assuring food safety should be improved and fully exploited. This needs to be done through legislative measures where suitable, but with much greater reliance on voluntary compliance and education of consumers and professional food handlers. This will be an important task for the primary health care system aiming at "health for all". JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization AU - Käferstein, F AU - Abdussalam, M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204-0001, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 347 EP - 351 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Index Medicus KW - Population Growth KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Social Change KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Global Health KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - International Cooperation KW - Safety KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Inspection -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69752954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Food+safety+in+the+21st+century.&rft.au=K%C3%A4ferstein%2C+F%3BAbdussalam%2C+M&rft.aulast=K%C3%A4ferstein&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring endocrine profiles of women in field studies. AN - 69735463; 10235400 AB - Improved methods are needed to evaluate the effects of occupational and environmental hazards on the reproductive health of human female populations. This communication describes highly specific, sensitive, and reliable time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays for measuring luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G), and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) in urine, a fluid that is convenient and painless to collect serially from large populations. Furthermore, some of the technical issues relevant to the successful application of these measurements to field studies are discussed. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Kesner, J S AU - Knecht, E A AU - Krieg, E F AD - Experimental Toxicology Branch, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. JSK4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 17 EP - 19 VL - 25 Suppl 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Gonadotropins, Pituitary KW - Progestins KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Fluoroimmunoassay KW - Female KW - Progestins -- urine KW - Estrogens -- urine KW - Gonadotropins, Pituitary -- urine KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69735463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Measuring+endocrine+profiles+of+women+in+field+studies.&rft.au=Kesner%2C+J+S%3BKnecht%2C+E+A%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Kesner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectious disease emergencies in primary care. AN - 69708326; 10214210 AB - Infectious disease emergencies can be described as infectious processes that, if not recognized and treated immediately, can lead to significant morbidity or mortality. These emergencies can present as common or benign infections, fooling the primary care provider into using more conservative treatment strategies than are required. This review discusses the pathophysiology, history and physical findings, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies for the following infectious disease emergencies: acute bacterial meningitis, ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, meningococcemia, necrotizing soft tissue infections, toxic shock syndrome, food-borne illnesses, and infective endocarditis. Because most of the discussed infectious disease emergencies require hospital care, the primary care clinician must be able to judge when a referral to a specialist or a higher-level care facility is indicated. JF - Lippincott's primary care practice AU - Kwitkowski, V E AU - Demko, S G AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 108 EP - 125 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1088-5471, 1088-5471 KW - Nursing KW - Fasciitis, Necrotizing -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Endocarditis, Bacterial -- therapy KW - Child KW - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever -- therapy KW - Endocarditis, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Shock, Septic -- therapy KW - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever -- diagnosis KW - Meningitis, Bacterial -- diagnosis KW - Adult KW - Meningitis, Bacterial -- therapy KW - Nurse Practitioners KW - Shock, Septic -- diagnosis KW - Middle Aged KW - Fasciitis, Necrotizing -- therapy KW - Female KW - Male KW - Communicable Diseases -- therapy KW - Emergency Medical Services -- methods KW - Communicable Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Primary Health Care -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69708326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lippincott%27s+primary+care+practice&rft.atitle=Infectious+disease+emergencies+in+primary+care.&rft.au=Kwitkowski%2C+V+E%3BDemko%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Kwitkowski&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lippincott%27s+primary+care+practice&rft.issn=10885471&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of avermectin residues in food matrices with negative-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 69691048; 10204245 AB - A multi-residue LC/MS method has been developed to confirm avermectin drug residues in several food matrices. Ivermectin (IVR), doramectin (DOR), eprinomectin (EPR) and moxidectin (MOX) are confirmed using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with negative ion detection and selected ion monitoring of three to four ions for each compound. The drug residues are extracted from tissue or milk using previously published procedures. IVR and DOR are confirmed at 20 ppb levels in fortified salmon muscle; IVR is also confirmed in tissue from salmon dosed with the drug. Residues of DOR, IVR, and EPR are confirmed in fortified milk at the 20 ppb level and in fortified beef liver at 40 ppb. Residues of MOX can also be confirmed in these matrices, but at slightly higher levels (40-80 ppb). JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Roybal, J E AU - Rupp, H S AU - Gonzales, S A AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Hurlbut, J A AD - Animal Drugs Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA. sturnips@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 493 EP - 499 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - avermectin KW - 73989-17-0 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Salmon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69691048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+avermectin+residues+in+food+matrices+with+negative-ion+atmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionization+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Turnipseed%2C+S+B%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BRupp%2C+H+S%3BGonzales%2C+S+A%3BPfenning%2C+A+P%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Turnipseed&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the incidence of work-related asthma in the United States. AN - 69664840; 10092740 AB - The objective of the study was to estimate the incidences of physician-diagnosed cases of work-related asthma (WRA) in Michigan and the entire United States. The statewide surveillance system for WRA in Michigan receives reports primarily from three sources: physicians, hospital discharge data, and worker's compensation claims. Knowledge of the overlap in reports from these sources was used in conjunction with capture-recapture methods to estimate the total number of diagnosed cases of WRA, and incidence rates were calculated using the estimated number of civilian employees in Michigan as the population at risk. For the entire United States, the product of a national incidence rate for asthma among adults and estimates of the proportion that is work-related was used. A total of 933 cases of WRA were reported to the Michigan surveillance program during 1988-1995, of which 904 were reported by at least one of the three main sources and equaled an average incidence of 27 cases/10(6)/year. This estimate was less than the range of estimates 58 to 204 cases/10(6)/year in Michigan arrived at using the capture-recapture methods. The national estimates of WRA ranged from 63 to 441 cases/10(6)/year. The authors' indirect estimates are closer to estimates from Canada, Sweden, and Finland than most existing direct estimates in the United States, but probably still underestimates the magnitude of WRA incidence because of the limitations of physician recognition of the work-relatedness of asthma among adults. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Kreiss, K AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Reilly, M J AU - Chang, Y F AU - Geidenberger, C A AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia. PY - 1999 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69664840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+incidence+of+work-related+asthma+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K%3BKreiss%2C+K%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BReilly%2C+M+J%3BChang%2C+Y+F%3BGeidenberger%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance and occupational health. AN - 69661606; 10092744 AB - This report explains the basics of two important uses of surveillance data: determining the magnitude of a specific occupational health or injury problem and examining temporal trends to determine whether the problem is increasing or decreasing. Types of data available for the purpose and some of their strengths and weaknesses are described. The utility of surveillance data is illustrated with examples from surveillance of acute injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, lead overexposures, and hazard surveillance data sets. Increasingly, surveillance systems may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Surveillance is most important in times of rapid change in the economy and when resources for prevention may be limited. Both conditions are common in the world today. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Fine, L J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 26 EP - 29 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Time Factors KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69661606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Surveillance+and+occupational+health.&rft.au=Fine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do antipsychotic medications decrease the risk of suicide in patients with schizophrenia? AN - 69616925; 10073396 AB - The lifetime risk of suicide in persons with schizophrenia is much greater than that in the general population. The role of antipsychotic medications in decreasing suicide risk in schizophrenia has been little studied, and results often appear inconclusive and even confusing when issues such as dose-response effect are examined. Yet, evidence exists that both the traditional and newer antipsychotic medications reduce the risk of suicide and suicide attempts in schizophrenia. Because side effects are potentially significant risk factors in suicide, considerable incentive exists to examine whether newer antipsychotic agents that have a lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects offer greater safety for this population. JF - The Journal of clinical psychiatry AU - Palmer, D D AU - Henter, I D AU - Wyatt, R J AD - Neuropsychiatry Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, NIH-NIMH, Neuroscience Research Center at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 100 EP - 3; discussion 111-6 VL - 60 Suppl 2 SN - 0160-6689, 0160-6689 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Suicide, Attempted -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide, Attempted -- psychology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Schizophrenic Psychology KW - Suicide, Attempted -- prevention & control KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Schizophrenia -- drug therapy KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Suicide -- psychology KW - Suicide -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69616925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Do+antipsychotic+medications+decrease+the+risk+of+suicide+in+patients+with+schizophrenia%3F&rft.au=Palmer%2C+D+D%3BHenter%2C+I+D%3BWyatt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=60+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.issn=01606689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturalistic observation of athletic drug-use patterns and behavior in professional-caliber bodybuilders. AN - 69604429; 10069751 AB - Athletic performance-enhancing drug use is widespread. Awareness in the medical community lags because various athletic subcultures have not been penetrated by conventional medical literature. This report presents a current and comprehensive assessment of drugs used by professional-caliber bodybuilders to enhance athletic performance. The scale of drug use documented significantly exceeds all previous reports from athletic populations and indicates that this group is at significant risk for use. Drug-use patterns and behavior encompass multiple domestic, foreign, and veterinary agents to create "successful" training programs. The presence of interathlete and intersport communication at amateur and professional levels creates a wide application for this information in athletic settings. Since use may not be limited to the competitive athlete, a heightened awareness will aid practitioners in correlating clinical observations with accurate athletic drug-use information. JF - Substance use & misuse AU - Augé, W K AU - Augé, S M AD - Center for Orthopaedic and Sports Performance Research, Española-Presbyterian Medical Center, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. nnmoc@aol.com Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 217 EP - 249 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 1082-6084, 1082-6084 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Sports KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Doping in Sports KW - Weight Lifting KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69604429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Substance+use+%26+misuse&rft.atitle=Naturalistic+observation+of+athletic+drug-use+patterns+and+behavior+in+professional-caliber+bodybuilders.&rft.au=Aug%C3%A9%2C+W+K%3BAug%C3%A9%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Aug%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Substance+use+%26+misuse&rft.issn=10826084&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of iron compounds in Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 69595876; 10037321 AB - The mutagenic activity of elemental and salt forms of iron (Fe), including compounds currently being used in dietary supplements and for food fortification, were evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Except for the weak response obtained with ferrous fumarate, none of the compounds induced a mutagenic response in Salmonella. In the mouse lymphoma assay, responses were related to the Fe compound and/or reduction of ferric (Fe+3) to ferrous (Fe+2). Responses with the elemental forms of Fe were divergent. Electrolytic Fe with a relatively larger particle size and irregular shape was negative. The smaller-sized carbonyl Fe, which after 4 hr attached to and was taken up by the cells, induced mutagenic responses both with and without S9. With ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ferric phosphate (FePO4), there was an increase in mutant frequency only with S9. With the Fe+2 compounds, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferrous fumarate (FeC4H2O4), positive responses were observed without S9. The Fe chelate, sodium Fe(III)EDTA was positive in both the presence and absence of S9. The lowest effective doses (LED) for induction of mutagenicity were identified for these compounds and an LED ratio calculated. The LED ratio ranges from 1 for FeSO4 to 30 for carbonyl Fe, which are similar to oral LD50 values obtained in animal studies. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dunkel, V C AU - San, R H AU - Seifried, H E AU - Whittaker, P AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. VCD@CFSAN.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 28 EP - 41 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Iron-Dextran Complex KW - 9004-66-4 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Iron-Dextran Complex -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Leukemia L5178 -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Leukemia L5178 -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69595876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+iron+compounds+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+and+L5178Y+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Dunkel%2C+V+C%3BSan%2C+R+H%3BSeifried%2C+H+E%3BWhittaker%2C+P&rft.aulast=Dunkel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of manganese on the concentration of amino acids in different regions of the rat brain. AN - 69593892; 10048208 AB - The present study was designed to determine if chronic exposure of weanlings and adult rats to Mn produces significant alterations in amino acid concentrations in different regions of the rat brain. Weanling (30 day old) and adult (90 day old) male rats were exposed to 10 and 20 mg Mn/kg body weight per day, by gavage, for 30 days. Forty-eight hours after the last dose, animals were sacrificed by decapitation and brains were dissected into different regions to determine the concentration of amino acids by HPLC/EC. A dose dependent decrease in body weight gain was found in the adult, but not in the weanling rats. Significant increases occurred in concentrations of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the cerebellum of the adult rats dosed with 20 mg/kg per day, Mn. A significant decrease in the concentration of glutamine was observed in caudate nucleus and hippocampus of weanling rats dosed with 10 mg/kg, Mn. These data suggest that chronic Mn exposure can produce a decrease in body weight gain in adult rats and alterations in amino acids in different regions of weanling and adult rat brains. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Lipe, G W AU - Duhart, H AU - Newport, G D AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 119 EP - 132 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Manganese Poisoning KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69593892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Effect+of+manganese+on+the+concentration+of+amino+acids+in+different+regions+of+the+rat+brain.&rft.au=Lipe%2C+G+W%3BDuhart%2C+H%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Lipe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase- and digoxigenin-labelled probes for detection of the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AN - 69591599; 10030035 AB - The biochemical identification and enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as described in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual is expensive and labour-intensive. To reduce the time and effort necessary to verify the identity of V. parahaemolyticus, the use of a thermolabile haemolysin (tlh) gene probe is proposed. An alkaline phosphatase (AP)-labelled probe was evaluated for specificity against 26 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 88 strains of other Vibrio species and 10 strains of non-vibrio species. Of the 124 isolates tested, the probe hybridized only with the 26 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, indicating species specificity. Two hundred and six suspect V. parahaemolyticus isolates from oysters were tested by this probe and API-20E diagnostic strips; there was 97% agreement between results. A digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled probe for detection of the tlh gene fragment was prepared by PCR and compared with the AP-labelled probe. When tested on 584 suspect V. parahaemolyticus isolates, results obtained with the AP- and DIG-labelled probes were in 98% agreement. These results suggest that the probes are equivalent for detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tlh gene. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - McCarthy, S A AU - DePaola, A AU - Cook, D W AU - Kaysner, C A AU - Hill, W E AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 66 EP - 70 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - 0 KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Digoxigenin KW - NQ1SX9LNAU KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Vibrio Infections -- microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Ostreidae -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Species Specificity KW - Environmental Microbiology KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- classification KW - Hemolysin Proteins -- genetics KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- isolation & purification KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69591599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alkaline+phosphatase-+and+digoxigenin-labelled+probes+for+detection+of+the+thermolabile+hemolysin+%28tlh%29+gene+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus.&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+S+A%3BDePaola%2C+A%3BCook%2C+D+W%3BKaysner%2C+C+A%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient dosimetry activities in the United States: the nationwide evaluation of X-ray trends (NEXT) and tissue dose handbooks. AN - 69590870; 10028641 AB - In the United States the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in collaboration with the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD) and state and local government agencies surveys clinical facilities about X-ray system air kerma and ancillary data related to patient dosimetry for a variety of diagnostic X-ray examinations. The survey program is known as the Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends (NEXT). The survey utilizes reference patient-equivalent phantoms in the collection of comprehensive technical information. With knowledge of the skin-entrance air kerma, specific tissue doses can be calculated. An overview of NEXT and previously published FDA tissue dose handbooks for diagnostic X-ray examinations is presented. JF - Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Stern, S H AU - Spelic, D C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 247 EP - 259 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Child KW - Mammography -- standards KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Fluoroscopy -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Skin -- radiation effects KW - Reference Books, Medical KW - Female KW - Radiometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69590870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+radiation+and+isotopes+%3A+including+data%2C+instrumentation+and+methods+for+use+in+agriculture%2C+industry+and+medicine&rft.atitle=Patient+dosimetry+activities+in+the+United+States%3A+the+nationwide+evaluation+of+X-ray+trends+%28NEXT%29+and+tissue+dose+handbooks.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H%3BStern%2C+S+H%3BSpelic%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+radiation+and+isotopes+%3A+including+data%2C+instrumentation+and+methods+for+use+in+agriculture%2C+industry+and+medicine&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. AN - 69590442; 10028069 AB - In August 1997, AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B, Nexstar, San Dimas, CA) was the first drug approved for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The growing recognition of emerging and reemerging infections warrants that safe and effective agents to treat such infections be readily available in the United States. The following discussion of the data submitted in support of the New Drug Application for AmBisome for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis shows the breadth of data from clinical trials that can be appropriate to support approval for drugs to treat tropical diseases. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Meyerhoff, A AD - Division of Special Pathogens and Immunologic Drug Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 42 EP - 8; discussion 49-51 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Antiprotozoal Agents KW - 0 KW - Drug Carriers KW - Liposomes KW - liposomal amphotericin B KW - Amphotericin B KW - 7XU7A7DROE KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Antiprotozoal Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Approval KW - Amphotericin B -- adverse effects KW - Amphotericin B -- administration & dosage KW - Antiprotozoal Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antiprotozoal Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Leishmaniasis, Visceral -- drug therapy KW - Amphotericin B -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69590442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+approval+of+AmBisome+%28liposomal+amphotericin+B%29+for+treatment+of+visceral+leishmaniasis.&rft.au=Meyerhoff%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meyerhoff&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Jan;28(1):49-51 [10391695] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sporicidal testing of commercial germicides using a chemical standard and a calibrated bioindicator. AN - 69588718; 10028684 AB - The AOAC sporicidal method uses as a standard the resistance of spores on carriers to 2.5N HCl. This resistance is variable at exposure times ranging from 2 to 20 min. The method described in this paper uses a glutaraldehyde standard and distinguishes various levels of sporicidal activity in the presence of 1-5% glutaraldehyde by using appropriate spore strains, spore preparations, and spore levels. The resistances of 2 Bacillus subtilis 19659 spore preparations cultured in 10% Columbia broth plus manganese and nutrient agar plus minerals, as well as that of B. subtilis var. niger cultured on Lab-Lemco agar, were tested. T-soy broth was a better recovery medium than fluid thioglycollate or modified fluid thioglycollate for B. subtilis 19659 spores exposed to HCl. Sporicidal tests were done on B. subtilis 19659 spores with 2 types of spore preparations. A commercial glutaraldehyde germicide was used for comparison of the sporicidal activity of the glutaraldehyde standard. Two strains of B. subtilis spores and 4 levels of spores (20,000-80,000, 100,000-400,000, 500,000-800,000, and 1,000,000 and up) were removed from check penicylinders from the same batches used for sporicidal tests. B. subtilis var. niger spores were the most resistant to HCl, while B. subtilis 19659 spores were more resistant to glutaraldehyde. Sporicidal activities of a commercial germicide containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde with additives and another containing 5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer were similar. Both totally destroyed high levels of B. subtilis 19659 spores cultured in 10% Columbia broth plus manganese. Results indicate that use of a glutaraldehyde standard, calibrated numbers of spores on penicylinders (bioindicators), and appropriate spore strains and preparations can reduce the variability of sporicidal testing of commercial germicides. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Danielson, J W AU - Thompson, R D AU - Bell, E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Central Laboratory for Microbiological Investigations, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 151 EP - 159 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Spores, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Bacillus subtilis -- drug effects KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69588718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Sporicidal+testing+of+commercial+germicides+using+a+chemical+standard+and+a+calibrated+bioindicator.&rft.au=Danielson%2C+J+W%3BThompson%2C+R+D%3BBell%2C+E&rft.aulast=Danielson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparative method for isolating alpha-zearalenol and zearalenone using extracting disk. AN - 69588062; 10028676 AB - A liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of zearalenol and zearalenone in corn. Zearalenol and zearalenone are extracted from corn with methanol-water (1 + 1) and cleaned up using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) disk, separated on a reversed-phase analytical column, and detected with a fluorescence detector. The SPE disk concentrated and cleanly separated zearalenol and zearalenone from sample interferences. Standard calibration curves for zearalenol and zearalenone for the concentration range 25-500 ng/mL were linear. The small extract disk had a column capacity equivalent to 1 g extracted corn. Zearalenol and zearalenone were added at levels ranging from 10 to 2000 ng/g to a control sample that contained no detectable levels of zearalenol and zearalenone. Both toxins were recovered from spiked samples at 106.3 and 103.8%, with coefficients of variation of 7.6 and 13.0%, respectively. The method has an estimated reliable limit of detection and limit of quantitation around 10 and 40 ng/g for each toxin, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ware, G M AU - Zhao, Y AU - Kuan, S S AU - Carman, A S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Natural Toxins Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 90 EP - 94 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - zearalenol KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Zeranol KW - 76LO2L2V39 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Zeranol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- isolation & purification KW - Zeranol -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Zearalenone -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69588062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Preparative+method+for+isolating+alpha-zearalenol+and+zearalenone+using+extracting+disk.&rft.au=Ware%2C+G+M%3BZhao%2C+Y%3BKuan%2C+S+S%3BCarman%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination and survey of ochratoxin A in wheat, barley, and coffee--1997. AN - 69587720; 10028675 AB - Ochratoxin A (OA) is a nephrotoxic and nephrocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. It has been found mainly in cereal grains and coffee beans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of OA in cereal grains and in coffee imported to the United States. A modified liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining OA in green coffee was applied to wheat, barley, green coffee, and roasted coffee. The test sample was extracted with methanol-1% NaHCO3 (7 + 3), and the extract was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), filtered, and passed through an immunoaffinity column. After the column was washed with PBS and then with water, OA was eluted with methanol. The eluate was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved in acetonitrile-water (1 + 1). OA was separated on a reversed-phase C18 LC column with acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (55 + 45 + 1) as eluant and quantitated with a fluorescence detector. Recoveries of OA from the 4 commodities spiked over the range 1-4 ng/g were 71-96%. The limit of detection was about 0.03 ng/g. OA contamination at > 0.03 ng/g was found in 56 of 383 wheat samples, 11 of 103 barley samples, 9 of 19 green coffee samples, and 9 of 13 roasted coffee samples. None of the coffee samples contained OA at > 5 ng/g; only 4 samples of wheat and 1 sample of barley were contaminated above this level. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Giler, J AU - Young, K AU - White, K D AU - Page, S W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 85 EP - 89 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Coffee KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Plant Extracts KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Ochratoxins -- analysis KW - Coffee -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Hordeum -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69587720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+and+survey+of+ochratoxin+A+in+wheat%2C+barley%2C+and+coffee--1997.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BGiler%2C+J%3BYoung%2C+K%3BWhite%2C+K+D%3BPage%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of environment on adolescent mental health and behavior: structural equation modeling. AN - 69575889; 9990438 AB - This study uses structural equation models to describe how objective neighborhood, perceived neighborhood, and environmental support predict mental health; 792 adolescents responded to highly structured interviews. The effect of objective environment on mental health was mediated through its influence on perceived neighborhood. Environmental support mitigated negative perceptions of environment and the effect of perceived environment on mental health, while exposure to violence augmented the negative effect of perceived environment. JF - The American journal of orthopsychiatry AU - Stiffman, A R AU - Hadley-Ives, E AU - Elze, D AU - Johnson, S AU - Doré, P AD - Center for Mental Health Services Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9432, 0002-9432 KW - Index Medicus KW - Missouri -- epidemiology KW - Models, Psychological KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Urban Health KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Social Support KW - Adolescent KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Family Health KW - Violence -- psychology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Environment KW - Social Perception KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Mental Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Mental Health KW - Residence Characteristics -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69575889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+orthopsychiatry&rft.atitle=Impact+of+environment+on+adolescent+mental+health+and+behavior%3A+structural+equation+modeling.&rft.au=Stiffman%2C+A+R%3BHadley-Ives%2C+E%3BElze%2C+D%3BJohnson%2C+S%3BDor%C3%A9%2C+P&rft.aulast=Stiffman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+orthopsychiatry&rft.issn=00029432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative effectiveness of selenite cystine broth, tetrathionate broth, and Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from foods with a low microbial load. AN - 69559896; 9921822 AB - The relative effectiveness of Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium, selenite cystine (SC) broth, and tetrathionate (TT) broth for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from foods with a low microbial load was determined. RV medium made from its individual ingredients and incubated at 42 degrees C was compared with a commercial preparation of SC broth, incubated at 35 degrees C, and TT broth incubated at 35 and 43 degrees C, for the recovery of Salmonella spp. Twenty-one artificially contaminated food types that included dairy foods, spices, and egg products, as well as other low-microbial-load foods, were analyzed. The foods were inoculated with single Salmonella serovars at target levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.4 CFU/g. No significant differences (P< or =0.05) among the selective enrichment broths for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from 18 of the foods were observed. Significantly fewer Salmonella-positive test portions of gelatin, guar gum, and nonfat dry milk were recovered with RV medium than with SC broth incubated at 35 degrees C and TT broth incubated at 35 and 43 degrees C. TT broth incubated at 35 degrees C recovered the greatest number of Salmonella-positive test portions. For the recovery of Salmonella spp. from foods with a low microbial load, it is recommended that TT broth incubated at 35 degrees C and RV medium incubated at 42 degrees C be used. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Hammack, T S AU - Amaguaña, R M AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Andrews, W H AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. tsh@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 16 EP - 21 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Temperature KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69559896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Relative+effectiveness+of+selenite+cystine+broth%2C+tetrathionate+broth%2C+and+Rappaport-Vassiliadis+medium+for+the+recovery+of+Salmonella+spp.+from+foods+with+a+low+microbial+load.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+T+S%3BAmagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+M%3BJune%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UVA1 radiation triggers two different final apoptotic pathways. AN - 69557626; 9886256 AB - Because ultraviolet-A1 (UVA1; 340-400 nm) radiation is used therapeutically, this in vitro study addressed the question "how does it work?" To begin addressing this question, UVA1 radiation was first established to reduce the survival of transformed T and B lymphocytes in a linear dose-dependent manner using clonogenic reproductive assays, and that cell death occurs by apoptosis using transmission electron microscopy, Annexin V, and flow cytometry. The primary mechanism was determined to be immediate pre-programmed cell death, an apoptotic mechanism that does not require protein synthesis post-insult, by quantifying the apoptotic cells over time in the absence or presence of a translation inhibitor. To explore how UVA1 radiation induces immediate pre-programmed cell death apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial activity were altered during exposure using a variety of agents, while a specific fluorescent probe, 5,5',6,6'tetrachloro- 1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide, was used to examine mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization. To show that UVA1 mediates singlet-oxygen damage to the mitochondrial membranes, X-rays, UVB (290-320 nm), 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA, vitamin K3, anti-Fas antibody, and blocking antibody were the negative controls, while rose bengal or protoporphyrin IX with visible light were the positive controls. Cyclosporine A, which inhibits the mitochondrial megapore from opening, was used with singlet-oxygen and superoxide-anion generators to distinguish between the two final apoptotic pathways. The collective results show that UVA1 radiation primarily mediates singlet-oxygen damage triggering immediate pre-programmed cell death apoptosis (T < 20 min) by immediately opening the cyclosporine A-sensitive ("S" site) mitochondrial megapore, while superoxide anions initiate another cyclosporine A-insensitive ("P" site) final apoptotic pathway. JF - The Journal of investigative dermatology AU - Godar, D E AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 3 EP - 12 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0022-202X, 0022-202X KW - Annexin A5 KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Cyclosporine KW - 83HN0GTJ6D KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mitochondria -- physiology KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Cyclosporine -- pharmacology KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Lymphocytes -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Cell Survival -- radiation effects KW - Annexin A5 -- metabolism KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Apoptosis -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69557626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+investigative+dermatology&rft.atitle=UVA1+radiation+triggers+two+different+final+apoptotic+pathways.&rft.au=Godar%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Godar&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+investigative+dermatology&rft.issn=0022202X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis, characterization, and quantitation of a 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adduct standard. AN - 69556700; 9894020 AB - 32P-Postlabeling is a powerful technique for the detection of DNA adducts; however, quantitation of DNA adducts by this method can result in errors due to differences in hydrolysis and labeling efficiencies between adducted and normal nucleotides. We have synthesized a DNA sample modified with 4-aminobiphenyl to serve as a quantitation standard for 32P-postlabeling and other DNA adduct detection methodologies. [2,2'-3H]-N-Hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl was reacted with calf thymus DNA at pH 5 to give 62 +/- 0.8 adducts/10(8) nucleotides (mean +/- SD) on the basis of 3H content. HPLC analyses following enzymatic hydrolysis to nucleosides indicated one major adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP). The adduct identity was confirmed by HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, which indicated a modification level of 19 +/- 1.7 dG-C8-4-ABP/10(8) nucleotides. 32P-Postlabeling analysis gave a value of 0.84 dG-C8-4-ABP/10(8) nucleotides, while a dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) indicated levels of 82 +/- 26 and 63 +/- 20 dG-C8-4-ABP/10(8) nucleotides after enzymatic hydrolysis to nucleotides and nucleosides, respectively. The utility of the DNA adduct standard was determined by assessing the level of dG-C8-4-ABP in liver DNA from mice treated with [2,2'-3H]-4-aminobiphenyl. 32P-Postlabeling analyses, based upon measuring the extent of the 32P incorporation, underestimated the levels of dG-C8-4-ABP, while DELFIA, using a G-C8-4-ABP quantitation standard, overestimated the adduct levels. The adduct levels determined by HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry best reflected those obtained from 3H incorporation. When the 32P-postlabeling analyses and the DELFIA were conducted using the DNA modified in vitro with dG-C8-4-ABP as a quantitation standard, accurate estimations of the extent of in vivo formation of dG-C8-4-ABP were obtained. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Beland, F A AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Poirier, M C AU - Schoket, B AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 68 EP - 77 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 6810-26-0 KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 86408-34-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Hydrolysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Cattle KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- chemical synthesis KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69556700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Synthesis%2C+characterization%2C+and+quantitation+of+a+4-aminobiphenyl-DNA+adduct+standard.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BDoerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BPoirier%2C+M+C%3BSchoket%2C+B%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optical radiation safety considerations for ocular glucose monitoring. AN - 69509485; 11475268 AB - The potential for noninvasive detection of blood glucose is an area of intense academic and commercial research and a subject of keen interest in the diabetic and healthcare communities. A number of techniques are under investigation that attempt to infer blood glucose levels from measurements of optical signals. Frequently, these techniques are based on laser sources that may, under certain circumstances, be capable of inducing ocular injury. This article provides an overview of ocular damage mechanisms and the international standards for laser exposure limits that have been developed. The application of relevant standards to specific implementations of lasers in optical glucose sensing is presented. In addition, the concept of risk versus benefit for consideration of new medical devices is also discussed. JF - Diabetes technology & therapeutics AU - Ediger, M N AU - Landry, R J AU - Sliney, D H AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA. woody@eob.cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 239 EP - 245 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1520-9156, 1520-9156 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Lasers KW - Radiation Protection KW - Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring -- standards KW - Blood Glucose -- analysis KW - Eye -- radiation effects KW - Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69509485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+technology+%26+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Optical+radiation+safety+considerations+for+ocular+glucose+monitoring.&rft.au=Ediger%2C+M+N%3BLandry%2C+R+J%3BSliney%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Ediger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diabetes+technology+%26+therapeutics&rft.issn=15209156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2001-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social forces and tobacco in society. AN - 69508876; 11072409 AB - The continued widespread use of tobacco is one of the greatest paradoxes of the 20th century. The cigarette was introduced to society early in this century, received a broad public acceptance in response to massive marketing and distribution efforts, and survives--or, more accurately, thrives--in a complex and controversial social, medical, and legal environment. Today, over 50 million Americans continue to use tobacco regularly, despite the fact that it is almost universally known that use of the product as intended is likely to result in ultimate death and disability for one out of two regular users. The latest statistics tell us that over 400,000 Americans die each year, accounting for over 5 million years of lost life, $50 billion in medical expenditures, and another $50 billion in indirect costs. We estimate that 10 million Americans have died from smoking since the first Surgeon General's Report in 1964, and another 25 million Americans alive today will ultimately die, including 5 million children, as a result of a fundamentally adolescent decision. Clearly, a unique mix of social and political forces have combined to result in a deadly and addicting product being sold and marketed like candy, resulting in 90% of users acknowledging the addictive nature of the product, 70% of whom would like to quit and wish they had never started. But despite near-universal knowledge of the harm and addictive nature of the product and widespread public support for changes in the status quo, the status quo has not changed. Despite a consistent belief that tobacco should be treated commensurate with the harm that it causes, changes in public policy have been surprisingly recalcitrant. This introduction briefly examines the social, cultural, economic, and public policy forces that have contributed to maintaining the status quo for nearly 100 years, the barriers to meaningful change, and the research needs that could result in profound improvements in public health. JF - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco AU - Eriksen, M P AD - Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - S79 EP - S80 VL - 1 Suppl 1 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Research KW - Public Policy KW - Adolescent KW - Advertising as Topic KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- psychology KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- psychology KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Social Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69508876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.atitle=Social+forces+and+tobacco+in+society.&rft.au=Eriksen%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=1+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health aspects of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the USA. AN - 69473733; 10783719 AB - Treatment of food-producing animals with antimicrobial agents that are important in human therapy may present a public health risk by the transfer of resistant zoonotic pathogens or resistant genes from animals to humans via consumption of contaminated food. Resistant bacteria can diminish the effectiveness of antibiotics and demand the use of more expensive or less safe alternatives. In 1996, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) established the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program to prospectively monitor changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities of zoonotic enteric pathogens from human and animal clinical specimens, from healthy farm animals, and from carcasses of food-producing animals at slaughter plants. Data resulting from the monitoring program will be used to redirect antimicrobial drug use, primarily through educational initiatives directed at health practitioners, in order to diminish the development and spread of resistance. Veterinary testing is conducted at USDA's Agricultural Research Service and CDC's Foodborne Disease Laboratory is testing human isolates under contract to FDA. Both the CDC and USDA laboratories are using a semi-automated system (Sensititre, Accumed, Westlake, Ohio) for testing susceptibilities of the isolates to 17 antimicrobial agents on a minimum inhibitory concentration plate. Comparable methods for isolate handling are used in both laboratories. This paper describes the development, implementation, and objectives of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program, presents initial data generated by the program, and discusses future plans. JF - Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum AU - Tollefson, L AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Angulo, F J AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 92 SN - 0065-1699, 0065-1699 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69473733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+veterinaria+Scandinavica.+Supplementum&rft.atitle=Public+health+aspects+of+antibiotic+resistance+monitoring+in+the+USA.&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+L%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+veterinaria+Scandinavica.+Supplementum&rft.issn=00651699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring brevetoxins during a Gymnodinium breve red tide: comparison of sodium channel specific cytotoxicity assay and mouse bioassay for determination of neurotoxic shellfish toxins in shellfish extracts. AN - 69473449; 10797644 AB - In October of 1996, a Gymnodinium breve bloom occurred in shellfish harvesting waters of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico, USA. Bloom densities reached 5.6x10(5) cells liter(-1) and bloom residence at shellfish sampling stations ranged from 3 to 28 days. Brevetoxin-2 dominated G. breve toxin profiles in bloom seawater extracts. Shellfish toxicity, assessed by mouse bioassay, exceeded the guidance level for up to 75 days after the bloom had dissipated. Cytotoxicity assays and mouse bioassays showed similar temporal patterns of shellfish toxicity, but the two methods differed in estimations of brevetoxin-3 equivalent toxicity by a factor of 93 to 1. LC-ESI-MS showed the temporal patterns in shellfish toxicity reflected metabolism of G. breve toxins. The molecular ions m/z 1004, 1017 and 1033 dominated LC-ESI-MS spectra of toxic chromatographic fractions from the extracts and were identified as brevetoxin metabolites on the basis of LC-APCI-MS-MS. The discrepancy between cytotoxicity and mouse bioassay estimates of brevetoxin-3 equivalent toxicity resulted from the difference in extraction efficiency of solvents used in the respective methods and the relative sensitivity of the assays to toxin metabolite mixtures present in the extracts. The normalized cytotoxicity assay showed 75% agreement with mouse bioassay positive test samples and 64% agreement with mouse bioassay negative test samples. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Natural toxins AU - Dickey, R AU - Jester, E AU - Granade, R AU - Mowdy, D AU - Moncreiff, C AU - Rebarchik, D AU - Robl, M AU - Musser, S AU - Poli, M AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. rdickey@oc.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 157 EP - 165 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Oxocins KW - Sodium Channels KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Seawater -- chemistry KW - Neuroblastoma -- pathology KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Brain Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Biological Assay KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Cell Line KW - Ostreidae -- chemistry KW - Marine Toxins -- analysis KW - Sodium Channels -- drug effects KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity KW - Dinoflagellida -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69473449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Monitoring+brevetoxins+during+a+Gymnodinium+breve+red+tide%3A+comparison+of+sodium+channel+specific+cytotoxicity+assay+and+mouse+bioassay+for+determination+of+neurotoxic+shellfish+toxins+in+shellfish+extracts.&rft.au=Dickey%2C+R%3BJester%2C+E%3BGranade%2C+R%3BMowdy%2C+D%3BMoncreiff%2C+C%3BRebarchik%2C+D%3BRobl%2C+M%3BMusser%2C+S%3BPoli%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxanes and other microtubule stabilizing agents. AN - 69469313; 10800478 JF - Cancer chemotherapy and biological response modifiers AU - Sackett, D L AU - Fojo, T AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 59 EP - 80 VL - 18 SN - 0921-4410, 0921-4410 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - 0 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm KW - Paclitaxel -- adverse effects KW - Paclitaxel -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic -- therapeutic use KW - Paclitaxel -- therapeutic use KW - Microtubules -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69469313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.atitle=Taxanes+and+other+microtubule+stabilizing+agents.&rft.au=Sackett%2C+D+L%3BFojo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sackett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.issn=09214410&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide poisoning and death following the use of explosives. AN - 69455841; 10730132 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Decker, J AU - Deitchman, S AU - Santis, L AD - NIOSH Atlanta Field Office, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 7 EP - 14 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Ventilation KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning KW - Explosions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69455841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+poisoning+and+death+following+the+use+of+explosives.&rft.au=Decker%2C+J%3BDeitchman%2C+S%3BSantis%2C+L&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agroterrorism. Agricultural infrastructure vulnerability. AN - 69437335; 10681987 AB - The intentional contamination of animal feed to reduce the availability of animal-derived human food or to infect human populations is seldom mentioned, but animal feed could be an easy target for bioterrorists. The period of delay between the contamination of the animal feed and adulteration of the human food product provides an additional degree of uncertainty about the source of the contamination and minimizes the possibility of apprehending the terrorist. The less obvious and more natural the source of biological contamination, the greater the likelihood that the animal feed contamination will be mistaken as a natural phenomenon. However, the problems related to managing natural food contamination and intentional food contamination remain the same. Rapid testing and separation of contaminated feed are important steps, followed by the more specific identification of the contaminant to determine the source of adulteration and/or the possibility of decontamination. At this time identification of the bioagents is dependent on the availability of antibody-specific test systems. The rapid development of specific antibodies for the development of sensitive and specific test kits is the key to identifying contamination and dealing effectively with the disposal or decontamination of the animal feed and, ultimately, preventing the contamination of animal-derived human food products. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - van Bredow, J AU - Myers, M AU - Wagner, D AU - Valdes, J J AU - Loomis, L AU - Zamani, K AD - Office of Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 168 EP - 180 VL - 894 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Agriculture KW - Food Microbiology KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Biological Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69437335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Agroterrorism.+Agricultural+infrastructure+vulnerability.&rft.au=van+Bredow%2C+J%3BMyers%2C+M%3BWagner%2C+D%3BValdes%2C+J+J%3BLoomis%2C+L%3BZamani%2C+K&rft.aulast=van+Bredow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=894&rft.issue=&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing uncertainty in the derivation and application of health guidance values in public health practice. Dioxin as a case study. AN - 69434749; 10676427 AB - We were requested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to clarify the relationships among the minimal risk level (MRL), action level, and environmental media evaluation guide (EMEG) for dioxin established by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). In response we developed a document entitled "Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds in Soil, Part I: ATSDR Interim Policy Guideline"; and a supporting document entitled "Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds in Soil, Part II: Technical Support Document". In these documents, we evaluated the key assumptions underlying the development and use of the ATSDR action level, MRL, and EMEG for dioxin. We described the chronology of events outlining these different health guidance values for dioxin and identified the areas of uncertainty surrounding these values. Four scientific assumptions were found to have had a great impact on this process; these were: (1) the specific uncertainty factors used, (2) the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) approach, (3) the fractional exposure from different pathways, and (4) the use of body burdens in the absence of exposure data. This information was subsequently used to develop a framework for reducing the uncertainties in public health risk assessment associated with exposure to other chemical contaminants in the environment. Within this framework are a number of future directions for reducing uncertainty, including physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK), benchmark dose modeling (BMD), functional toxicology, and the assessment of chemical mixture interactions. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Pohl, H R AU - Hansen, H AU - Leonard, R C AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.com Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 348 EP - 364 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Public Policy KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Risk Assessment KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Policy Making KW - Environmental Pollutants -- standards KW - Public Health KW - Benchmarking KW - Dioxins -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69434749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Reducing+uncertainty+in+the+derivation+and+application+of+health+guidance+values+in+public+health+practice.+Dioxin+as+a+case+study.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BPohl%2C+H+R%3BHansen%2C+H%3BLeonard%2C+R+C%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of uncertainty in dose-response modeling of epidemiological data for cancer risk assessment. AN - 69433679; 10676419 AB - Epidemiologic data is increasingly being used for dose-response analysis in risk assessment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other U.S. agencies have expressed a preference for using epidemiologic data rather than toxicologic data when possible. However, there are a number of important sources of uncertainty in using epidemiologic data for this purpose that need to be clearly recognized and, when possible, quantified. This paper presents a critical review of the major sources of uncertainty in the use of epidemiologic data for cancer risk assessment. These may include: (1) study design issues such as potential confounding and other biases, inadequate sample size, and followup, (2) the choice of the data set, (3) specification of the dose-response model, (4) estimation of exposure and dose, and (5) unrecognized variability in susceptibility. Examples from risk assessments for cadmium, asbestos, and diesel exhaust are used to illustrate the potential magnitude of some of these sources of uncertainty. It is shown that the overall uncertainty from these various sources combined may often result in highly uncertain risk estimates from dose-response modeling of epidemiologic data. For this reason, we believe it is best to present a range of possible risk estimates, which, to the extent possible, reflects the variability and uncertainty inherent in the dose-response evaluation of epidemiologic data. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Stayner, L AU - Bailer, A J AU - Smith, R AU - Gilbert, S AU - Rice, F AU - Kuempel, E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. lts2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 212 EP - 222 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Research Design KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69433679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Sources+of+uncertainty+in+dose-response+modeling+of+epidemiological+data+for+cancer+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BSmith%2C+R%3BGilbert%2C+S%3BRice%2C+F%3BKuempel%2C+E&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using molecular epidemiology in assessing exposure for risk assessment. AN - 69433064; 10676411 AB - Quantitative estimation of health risks depends on exposure characterization, the nature of the dose response relationships, and the toxicity of the agents involved. The greatest uncertainties in risk assessment almost always arise from sparse or inadequate exposure data, inadequate understanding of exposure mechanisms, and insufficient understanding of the exposure-dose-response pathway. Additional sources of uncertainty arise when mixed or multiple exposures are implicated in the disease pathway, and as a result of variability in both exposures and responses within and between individuals. Here we consider the role of exposure assessment in the risk assessment process, the use of biological markers or molecular epidemiology to contribute to improvements in exposure assessment for risk assessment, and uncertainties associated with the use of biological markers. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Schulte, P A AU - Waters, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. pas4@cdc/gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 101 EP - 111 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Research Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69433064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Using+molecular+epidemiology+in+assessing+exposure+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BWaters%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in mRNA levels for heat-shock/stress proteins (Hsp) and a secretory vesicle associated cysteine-string protein (Csp1) after amphetamine (AMPH) exposure. AN - 69432669; 10668437 AB - Damage to nerve terminals, reactive gliosis and somatic degeneration can result when pronounced hyperthermia occurs during amphetamine (AMPH) exposure. The effects of AMPH-induced hyperthermia and damage on the relative mRNA levels for several heat shock/stress proteins (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsc70), as well as secretory vesicle associated cysteinestring protein (Csp1) were determined in both the striatum and substantia nigra using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These changes were compared to changes in Hsp mRNA levels seen in primary rat cerebral astrocyte cultures after heat shock/stress. Striatal Hsp70 mRNA increased about 2-fold over control levels at 16 hr after AMPH-induced hyperthermia, and was the only Hsp species to significantly increase in response to AMPH. Hsp70 mRNA levels returned to control within 14 days after AMPH. Two-fold increases in Hsp70 mRNA were also seen in primary cultures of rat cerebrum 24 hr after heat shock. In primary cultures and brain tissue, the increased Hsp70 mRNA levels were still more than 500-fold less than constitutive Hsc70 mRNA and 50-fold less than Hsp60 levels. Hsp27 mRNA was not present in the striatum, nigra and primary cell cultures. Thus, the expression of Hsp species mRNA measured was very similar in brain tissue and primary cell cultures. Because only a modest induction of Hsp 70 mRNA occurred, the Hsp species evaluated may only play a minor role in AMPH neurotoxicity. However, further studies are necessary to determine whether large increases in Hsp70 are occurring in selected neurons or glia in the striatum. RT-PCR products for Csp1 were produced in total RNA obtained from brain but not from cultured astrocytes, suggesting that the Csp1 mRNA measured by RT-PCR is of neuronal origin. Csp1 mRNA levels were acutely downregulated in neurons in the substantia nigra, possibly in response to damage, but not the striatum after AMPH exposure. A slight long-term upregulation at 4 months of Csp1 mRNA may occur in the striatum but not in nigra. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Davies, D L AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 314 EP - 329 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - cysteine string protein KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Substantia Nigra -- metabolism KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Neuroglia -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Neuroglia -- drug effects KW - Membrane Proteins -- drug effects KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69432669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Changes+in+mRNA+levels+for+heat-shock%2Fstress+proteins+%28Hsp%29+and+a+secretory+vesicle+associated+cysteine-string+protein+%28Csp1%29+after+amphetamine+%28AMPH%29+exposure.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BDavies%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotective role of melatonin in methamphetamine- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 69432158; 10668418 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ali, S F AU - Martin, J L AU - Black, M D AU - Itzhak, Y AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 119 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Melatonin -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69432158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Neuroprotective+role+of+melatonin+in+methamphetamine-+and+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine-induced+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BMartin%2C+J+L%3BBlack%2C+M+D%3BItzhak%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective effect of L-carnitine in the neurotoxicity induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). AN - 69431792; 10668424 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Z AU - Johnson, J R AU - Tyler-Hashemi, A A AU - Rountree, R L AU - Sapienza, P P AU - Ali, S F AU - Kim, C S AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration (NCTR/FDA), Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 173 EP - 178 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - Frontal Lobe -- metabolism KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Male KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Catalase -- drug effects KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- drug effects KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69431792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Protective+effect+of+L-carnitine+in+the+neurotoxicity+induced+by+the+mitochondrial+inhibitor+3-nitropropionic+acid+%283-NPA%29.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BJohnson%2C+J+R%3BTyler-Hashemi%2C+A+A%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BSapienza%2C+P+P%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BKim%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The future of neuroprotection. AN - 69431694; 10668458 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikkker, W AU - Youdim, M AU - Palmer, G C AU - Hall, E AU - Williams, C AU - Trembly, B AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. wslikker@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 529 EP - 533 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Stroke -- drug therapy KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Brain Injuries -- therapy KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Parkinson Disease -- drug therapy KW - Brain Injuries -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69431694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+future+of+neuroprotection.&rft.au=Slikkker%2C+W%3BYoudim%2C+M%3BPalmer%2C+G+C%3BHall%2C+E%3BWilliams%2C+C%3BTrembly%2C+B&rft.aulast=Slikkker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining uncertainty factors in deriving human exposure levels of noncarcinogenic toxicants. AN - 69430322; 10676417 AB - Acceptable levels of human exposure to noncarcinogenic toxicants in environmental and occupational settings generally are derived by reducing experimental no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) or benchmark doses (BDs) by a product of uncertainty factors (Barnes and Dourson, Ref. 1). These factors are presumed to ensure safety by accounting for uncertainty in dose extrapolation, uncertainty in duration extrapolation, differential sensitivity between humans and animals, and differential sensitivity among humans. The common default value for each uncertainty factor is 10. This paper shows how estimates of means and standard deviations of the approximately log-normal distributions of individual uncertainty factors can be used to estimate percentiles of the distribution of the product of uncertainty factors. An appropriately selected upper percentile, for example, 95th or 99th, of the distribution of the product can be used as a combined uncertainty factor to replace the conventional product of default factors. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Kodell, R L AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. rkodell@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 188 EP - 195 VL - 895 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Benchmarking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69430322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Combining+uncertainty+factors+in+deriving+human+exposure+levels+of+noncarcinogenic+toxicants.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=895&rft.issue=&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abuse liability assessment of neuroprotectants. AN - 69428693; 10668457 AB - There has been considerable interest in the potential of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of a diverse group of neurological disorders including cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. The amino acids L-glutamate and L-aspartate have been shown to possibly mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) via selective excitatory amino acid receptors. Competitive and noncompetitive antagonists acting at the NMDA receptors have been shown to possess relevant activity. However, NMDA antagonists can produce a variety of adverse neurobehavioral effects in both animals and humans. These adverse events are particularly pronounced with NMDA antagonists (phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and MK-801) that have dissociative anesthetic properties and block NMDA receptor-mediated responses by binding to the cation channel of the NMDA receptor complex. When a new pharmaceutical product demonstrates structural similarity and/or a similar pharmacological profile with a known drug of abuse, the characterization of its abuse potential is needed by the FDA for scientific review. The abuse liability assessment is based upon an evaluation of data on the chemistry, pharmacology (preclinical and clinical), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic profiles of the drug, and the adverse events/effects reported in clinical trials. The evaluation of the drug's abuse potential is determined relative to pharmacologically similar drugs. This includes determination of the drug's receptor binding efficacy, preclinical pharmacology, reinforcing efficacy, discriminative stimulus effects, dependence-producing potential, pharmacokinetics, and assessment of the clinical efficacy-safety database relative to abuse and clinical abuse liability studies. It has been well established that high-affinity noncompetitive NMDA antagonists have reinforcing efficacy and can serve as discriminative stimuli in operant procedures. In a variety of species in drug discrimination studies, each antagonist is capable of generalizing to the others, and it is believed that these effects may be mediated through the NMDA blockade. The generalization of each substance for another suggests production of common subjective effects in humans. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Klein, M AU - Calderon, S AU - Hayes, B AD - Controlled Substances Evaluation Team, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. kleinm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 515 EP - 525 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Central Nervous System Agents KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Self Administration -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Central Nervous System Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Central Nervous System Agents -- adverse effects KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Behavior, Addictive -- psychology KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Behavior, Addictive -- physiopathology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Central Nervous System Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69428693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Abuse+liability+assessment+of+neuroprotectants.&rft.au=Klein%2C+M%3BCalderon%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a nonhuman primate model for studying the consequences of long-term neuroprotectant administration on complex brain functions in developing animals. AN - 69428632; 10668452 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Paule, M G AU - Popke, E J AU - Pearson, E AU - Hammond, T AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. mpaule@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 470 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Long-Term Potentiation -- physiology KW - Long-Term Potentiation -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69428632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+nonhuman+primate+model+for+studying+the+consequences+of+long-term+neuroprotectant+administration+on+complex+brain+functions+in+developing+animals.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BPopke%2C+E+J%3BPearson%2C+E%3BHammond%2C+T&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogens: neuroprotective or neurotoxic? AN - 69427805; 10668420 AB - The present paper reviews the major modes of action of estrogen on the molecular, cellular, tissue, and neurobehavioral levels of mammalian physiology, with an emphasis on the brain as an estrogen target tissue. We draw a distinction between receptor- and nonreceptor-mediated actions, as well as delineate the range of different signal transduction pathways that might be available within a given tissue to mediate estrogenic effects. We consider species differences relevant to understanding the predictability of effects in humans from data obtained in rats or monkeys. Finally, we emphasize the importance of developmental stage in determining whether estrogenic effects are beneficial or harmful; "neuroprotective" or "neurotoxic." JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 121 EP - 132 VL - 890 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Neurotoxins KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Rats KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Sexual Behavior -- physiology KW - Preoptic Area -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Estrogens -- pharmacology KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- analysis KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69427805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Estrogens%3A+neuroprotective+or+neurotoxic%3F&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=890&rft.issue=&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemopreventive effects of tea extracts and various components on human pancreatic and prostate tumor cells in vitro. AN - 69391547; 10624710 AB - Pancreatic and prostate cancers pose serious problems to human health. To determine the potential for chemopreventive intervention against pancreatic and prostate cancers, black and green tea extracts and components of these extracts were examined in vitro for their effect on tumor cell growth. Components included a mixture of polyphenols from green tea (GTP), mixtures of polyphenols (BTP) and of theaflavins (MF) from black tea, and the purified components epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Two human cell lines, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (HPAC) and prostate tumor (LNCaP), were exposed to these agents for 24 hours. Results showed inhibition (approx 90%) of cell growth in pancreatic tumor cells by black and green tea extracts (0.02%). GTP (10 micrograms/ml) and MF (100 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited growth (approx 90%); ECG and EGCG inhibited growth as well (approx 95%). Black and green tea extracts, GTP, and EGCG decreased the expression of the K-ras gene, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Green and black tea extracts decreased the multidrug-resistant gene (mdr-1), although GTP and EGCG increased expression. Similar data were obtained in the prostate cell line LNCaP. All agents significantly inhibited growth. These agents increased expression of the mdr-1 gene. This study suggests that components from black and green tea extracts can modulate the expression of genes known to play a role in the carcinogenesis process and, therefore, may be potential agents for chemoprevention against pancreatic cancer. JF - Nutrition and cancer AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AU - Rogers, T AU - Yan, Y AU - Blann, E B AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Hammons, G J AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 80 EP - 86 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Tea KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69391547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.atitle=Chemopreventive+effects+of+tea+extracts+and+various+components+on+human+pancreatic+and+prostate+tumor+cells+in+vitro.&rft.au=Lyn-Cook%2C+B+D%3BRogers%2C+T%3BYan%2C+Y%3BBlann%2C+E+B%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BHammons%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Lyn-Cook&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In memoriam: Anthony Dipple. AN - 69388191; 10618169 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Bigger, C A AD - Division of Antiviral Drug Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 227 EP - 232 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Dipple KW - United States KW - History, 20th Century KW - Research -- history KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- history KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69388191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=In+memoriam%3A+Anthony+Dipple.&rft.au=Bigger%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Bigger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - People - Dipple N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dipple ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular consistency monitoring of oral poliovirus vaccine and other live viral vaccines. AN - 69381732; 10616177 JF - Developments in biological standardization AU - Chumakov, K M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 67 EP - 74 VL - 100 SN - 0301-5149, 0301-5149 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - 0 KW - Viral Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - World Health Organization KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- standards KW - Haplorhini KW - Mutagenesis KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Viral Vaccines -- genetics KW - Poliovirus -- genetics KW - Viral Vaccines -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69381732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.atitle=Molecular+consistency+monitoring+of+oral+poliovirus+vaccine+and+other+live+viral+vaccines.&rft.au=Chumakov%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Chumakov&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The MedWatch Program. AN - 69333308; 10584596 JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - Love, L AU - Couig, M P AD - MedWatch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 803 EP - 807 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Population Surveillance KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69333308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+MedWatch+Program.&rft.au=Love%2C+L%3BCouig%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Building the Future of Allied Health: Report of the Implementation Task Force of the National Commission on Allied Health. AN - 62320325; ED451387 AB - This report presents the implementation plans recommended by the Implementation Task Force (ITF) of the National Commission on Allied Health (NCAH) and reviews the purpose, goals, and impact of each plan. Chapter 1 introduces the NCAH and ITF and provides an overview of the role of allied health in today's health care environment and how that role relates to NCAH's and ITF's goals of fostering education reform, outcomes research, and collaboration. Chapters 2-4 each focus on one of these goals. In chapter 2, which focuses on education, section 1 provides an overview of the forces shaping change in allied health education and of the issues that must be addressed by educational reform, and section 2 presents the strategies ITF selected to advance NCAH education recommendations. In chapter 3, which is on outcomes research, section 1 summarizes the need for assessment data on allied health services, types of research needed, and obstacles to be overcome; and section 2 presents the strategies ITF selected to advance the research needed as an objective foundation for future change. The focus of chapter 4 is collaboration. Section 1 identifies principal areas where collaboration is needed and explains why, and section 2 presents implementation plans ITF developed to advance collaboration in support of shared values. Appendixes include 34 references; survey mailing list, respondents, and instrument; and glossary. (YLB) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 76 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Coordination KW - Questionnaires KW - Research Methodology KW - Secondary Education KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Educational Cooperation KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Research Needs KW - Program Implementation KW - Educational Change KW - Allied Health Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62320325?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Increasing Cultural Sensitivity of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI): An Example with Native Americans in North Dakota. Special Report. AN - 62314879; ED449953 AB - The Addiction Severity Index (ASI), used throughout the United States and other countries, is the most widely used assessment tool in the addictions field. It is a semi-structured assessment instrument designed for use with clients for substance abuse treatment. The ASI gathers information in seven important areas of a patient's life: medical, employment/support, drug and alcohol use, legal, family history, family/social relationships, and psychological problems. The ASI not only assesses drug and alcohol abuse, it also screens for problems in other areas, such as mental illness. Interviewer severity ratings indicate a client's unmet need for treatment. The ASI has been shown to be reliable and valid, but this applies only with "majority" populations. When substance abuse treatment directors at the North Dakota State Hospital realized that the cultural differences, background, and religious practices of Native Americans in their state (Chippewa and Sioux) were not being adequately addressed, the ASI, already required for use in North Dakota, was modified to address Native cultural issues. The modified instrument includes questions about spirituality, ceremonial practices and use of hallucinogens, tribal support for recovery, and culturally specific living conditions and lifestyle. Part 1 presents the fifth edition ASI in its original format and describes how it was modified for Native Americans in North Dakota. A clinical/training version, contained in Part 3, has instructions, hints, and space for comments. Part 2 contains the North Dakota State Adaptation for Use With Native Americans, which is similar in format to the clinical/training version, and a revised users guide. (Contains 16 references.) (TD) AU - Carise, Deni AU - McLellan, Thomas A. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 198 PB - Treatment Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 S. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3475. KW - Native Americans KW - North Dakota KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Sioux (Tribe) KW - Measures (Individuals) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Training KW - Alcoholism KW - Cultural Differences KW - Mental Health KW - Chippewa (Tribe) KW - American Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62314879?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Surgeon General's Call to Action To Prevent Suicide. AN - 62314459; ED452457 AB - In 1996, suicide was the ninth leading cause of death in the United States. The nation must address how to develop and implement a national strategy for suicide prevention to achieve a significant and measurable reduction in suicidal behaviors. A national conference on suicide prevention brought together policymakers, health and mental health clinicians, community leaders, and suicide survivors. This call for action offers a blueprint for addressing suicide: Awareness, Intervention, and Methodology (AIM), an approach derived from the collaborative deliberations of the conference participants. AIM presents 15 recommendations refined from consensus and evidence-based findings. Recognizing that mental and substance abuse disorders confer the greatest risk for suicidal behavior, these recommendations suggest an approach to the problem of unrecognized and untreated mental health and substance abuse problems, particularly in adolescents and the elderly. Working together locally and at the national level to complete and implement a national strategy for suicide prevention is an important step in responding to this public health problem. (Contains 49 references.) (JDM) AU - Davidson, Lucy AU - Potter, Lloyd AU - Ross, Virginia Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 24 KW - Suicide Prevention KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Older Adults KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Social Action KW - Mental Disorders KW - Cooperation KW - Program Development KW - National Programs KW - Suicide KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62314459?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Written in collaboration with Virginia Trotter Bet N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds: An Action Plan. AN - 62311220; ED444327 AB - This document reports on a 1998 conference of some 30 parents, educators, social workers, advocates, physicians, nurses, and social scientists who met to develop an action plan for improving the quality of services and cultural competence of providers of services to children with special health care needs from diverse cultural backgrounds. The conference produced 10 recommendations: (1) build mechanisms to assure true family and community participation in design, implementation, and evaluation of programs and services; (2) develop policies and funding that support family-centered culturally competent care; (3) train families and professionals in collaborative decision-making processes; (4) use educational funds to develop core interdisciplinary curricula for professionals; (5) assure compliance with funding agency guidelines regarding culture and ethnicity; (6) develop needs assessments and satisfaction evaluations with stakeholders and families; (7) develop a system of care that promotes the value of the individual and a sense of belonging; (8) increase the numbers of professionals from underrepresented groups in health care; (9) provide flexibility in funding to meet the individual care needs of families; and (10) develop developmentally appropriate and culturally sensitive models for assessing the child's health and functional status. (DB) AU - Evans, Theora AU - Garwick, Ann AU - Rinehart, Peggy Mann Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 20 PB - National Maternal and Children Health Clearinghouse, 2070 Chain Bridge Rd., Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536. KW - Cultural Competence KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Participative Decision Making KW - Integrated Services KW - Family Programs KW - Meetings KW - Cultural Differences KW - Special Health Problems KW - Needs Assessment KW - Children KW - Participant Satisfaction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62311220?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 33. AN - 62309803; ED443040 AB - This TIP on the best practice guidelines for treatment of substance abuse provides basic knowledge for practitioners, educators, and paraprofessionals about the nature and treatment of stimulant use disorders. More specifically, it reviews what is currently known about treating the medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse/dependence problems associated with the use of cocaine and methamphetamine. It includes a discussion on how stimulants affect the brain and behavior. It suggests that psychosocial treatment approaches that incorporate well established psychological principles of learning are appropriate for and effective in treating stimulant users. In addition, it discusses the community-reinforcement-plus-vouchers approach, the Matrix Model, and behavioral family therapy. Other models of psychosocial treatment discussed include network therapy, acupuncture, and inpatient treatment. Pharmacological treatments are also considered along with other medical aspects of stimulant use disorders. The information on treatment issues for special groups (i.e., intravenous drug users, gay men, individuals with co-occurring mental disorders) and settings (rural areas) underscores the need for cultural competence in the treatment setting. Appendixes include: "Bibliography," Client Worksheets,""Screening Tests for Cognitive Impairments,""Glossary,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 31 figures and approximately 300 resources.) (JDM) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 247 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Family Counseling KW - Substance Abuse KW - Counselor Training KW - Intervention KW - Stimulants KW - Community Health Services KW - Cocaine KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Outcomes of Treatment KW - Models KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62309803?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 31. AN - 62309712; ED443039 AB - This TIP is designed to teach juvenile justice, health services, education, and substance abuse treatment personnel about how to identify, screen, and assess people 11-to-21 years old who may be experiencing substance-related problems. It details warning signs of substance use disorders, when to screen, when to assess, what domains besides substance use to assess, and how to involve the family. Screening and assessment instruments for use with adolescents should be guided by these factors: (1) the reliability and validity of the tool; (2) its appropriateness to an adolescent population; (3) the type of settings in which the instrument was developed; and (4) the intended purpose of the instrument. Legal issues of screening and assessing adolescents, including confidentiality, duty to warn, and how to communicate with other agencies, are also considered. Many adolescents entering the juvenile justice system have experienced physical or sexual abuse, have psychological and emotional problems, perform poorly in school, and/or experience family or gang violence on a regular basis. Because of the complexity of their situations, their treatment calls for a more holistic approach. A chapter is included that covers screening and assessment for these youth. The volume contains four appendixes: "Bibliography,""Instrument Summaries,""Drug Identification and Testing in the Juvenile Justice System," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 9 figures and approximately 100 resources.) (JDM) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 160 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - High Risk Students KW - Substance Abuse KW - Intervention KW - Emotional Adjustment KW - Adolescent Development KW - Screening Tests KW - Evaluation KW - Family Counseling KW - Counselor Training KW - Family Role KW - Early Identification KW - Youth Problems KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62309712?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - EMT-Paramedic and EMT-Intermediate Continuing Education. National Guidelines. AN - 62309372; ED445259 AB - This document, which replaces the 1985 national guidelines for emergency medical technician (EMT) continuing education (CE), presents guidelines for designing, implementing, and evaluating CE for EMTs. The introduction explains the process used to develop the revised guidelines. Section 1 discusses the following competency assurance principles underlying development of the revised curriculum: (1) assessment of practice outcomes; (2) assessment of potential to practice; and (3) assessment of professional qualities. Justifications for assessing each item and recommended evaluation methods are also presented. Section 2 details the roles played by state emergency medical services offices and the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians in developing and operating emergency medical services (EMS) and in training and certifying EMTs. Section 3 describes the following mechanisms for competency assurance: (1) needs assessment; (2) assurance of knowledge (structured CE, refresher programs, lecture programs and conferences, nationally recognized CE courses, approved self-study, case reviews, grand rounds, sentinel event review, directed studies, teaching); and (3) assurance of skill proficiency (field performance evaluation; hospital clinical performance evaluations; skills workshops; performance examinations; integration of new technology, procedures, protocols, and products; evaluation of educational programs). The bibliography lists 29 references. A table detailing advanced-level EMS provider recommended hours of CE is appended. (MN) AU - Brown, William E. AU - Dotterer, Robert W. AU - Gainor, Dia AU - Judd, Richard L. AU - Larmon, Baxter AU - Lewis, Kathryn M. AU - Margolis, Gregg S. AU - Mercer, Steve AU - Mistovich, Joseph J. AU - Newell, Lawrence D. AU - Politis, Jonathan F. AU - Stoy, Walt A. AU - Stupar, James A. AU - Walz, Bruce J. AU - Wagoner, Robert Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 29 KW - National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Teachers KW - Job Performance KW - Employment Qualifications KW - National Standards KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Job Skills KW - Accidents KW - Educational Principles KW - Continuing Education KW - Competency Based Education KW - Program Evaluation KW - Performance Factors KW - Quality Control KW - Teaching Methods KW - Medical Services KW - Performance Based Assessment KW - Competence KW - Educational Objectives KW - Guidelines KW - First Aid KW - Student Certification KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - Rescue KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Independent Study KW - Educational Opportunities KW - Evaluation Criteria KW - National Curriculum KW - Student Evaluation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62309372?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Cultural Issues in Substance Abuse Treatment. AN - 62309277; ED447125 AB - This monograph provides a tool to help providers and other substance abuse treatment professionals gain a greater understanding of the cultural, social, political, and economic forces affecting substance abuse treatment among Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. An introduction discusses: the health and social consequences of substance abuse (HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases, violence, and crime); culture, help-seeking behavior, and access to care issues (barriers to treatment, homosexuality, and rural areas); engagement and retention issues; cultural competence; universal cultural themes in the development of culturally competent treatment programs (family structure, cultural healing, and spiritual beliefs); and managed care and culturally competent substance abuse treatment. The next four sections focus on the four cultural groups, looking at: population composition and sociodemographic profile; migration experience; substance abuse epidemiological data; health and social consequences of substance abuse; culture, help-seeking behavior, and access to care issues; practices to meet treatment needs; conclusions and recommendations; information resources and references. (SM) AU - Cortes, Dharma E. AU - Ja, Davis AU - Noboa, Abdin AU - Perry, Vincent AU - Robinson, Robert AU - Rodriguez, Domingo AU - Stubben, Jerry Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 68 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600 or 800-729-6686. VL - SMA-99-3278 KW - African Americans KW - Barriers to Participation KW - Cultural Competence KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Substance Abuse KW - Crime KW - Blacks KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Homosexuality KW - Counseling KW - Violence KW - Rural Areas KW - American Indians KW - Migration Patterns KW - Health Maintenance Organizations KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Epidemiology KW - Help Seeking KW - Cultural Relevance KW - Cultural Differences KW - Asian Americans KW - Pacific Islanders KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62309277?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contributing writers: Evalina Bedstman, Barbara Ca N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 35. AN - 62308331; ED443042 AB - This TIP on the guidelines for treatment of substance use disorders is based on a fundamental rethinking of the concept of motivation. It suggests that the cognitive-behavioral approach to treatment requires a different perspective on the problem and on the prerequisites for change, while placing greater responsibility on the counselor whose job now includes engendering motivation. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the concepts of motivation and change and describes the model, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, upon which this TIP is based. Chapter 2 presents interventions that can enhance clients' motivation. Chapter 3 discusses motivational interviewing, developed by Miller and Rollnick, which can be used to help clients resolve issues related to their ambivalence. Chapters 4 through 7 address the stages of change and provide guidelines for clinicians to tailor treatment to clients' stages of readiness for change. Tools and instruments used to measure change are summarized in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 provides examples of integrating motivational approaches into existing treatment programs. Chapter 10 offers directions for future research. Appendixes include "Bibliography,""Screening and Assessment Instruments,""Ordering Information for Assessment Instruments,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 28 figures and approximately 450 resources.) (JDM) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 263 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Evaluation KW - Substance Abuse KW - Counselor Training KW - Motivation KW - Counselor Client Relationship KW - Behavior Modification KW - Intervention KW - Early Identification KW - Emotional Adjustment KW - Cognitive Restructuring KW - Drug Rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62308331?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Brief Interventions and Brief Therapies for Substance Abuse. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 34. AN - 62307658; ED443041 AB - This TIP, on the best practice guidelines for treatment of substance use disorders, was compiled from an increasing body of research literature that documents the effectiveness of brief interventions and therapies in both the mental health and substance abuse treatment fields. It links research to practice by providing counselors with up-to-date information on the usefulness of these treatment forms for selected subpopulations of people with substance abuse disorders or for those at risk. The manual states that brief interventions and therapies are less costly, yet effective, in substance abuse treatment. Brief interventions have been found to be effective for a range of problems; they can greatly improve substance abuse treatment by making it available to a greater number of people and by tailoring the level of treatment to the level of client need. This TIP includes sections on brief interventions and therapy in substance abuse treatment, along with sections on brief therapies in the fields of cognitive-behavioral, strategic/interactional, humanistic and existential, psychodynamic, family, and group counseling. Appendixes include "Bibliography,""Information and Training Resources,"" Glossary,""Health Promotion Workbook,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 43 figures and approximately 450 resources.) (JDM) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 258 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - Humanistic Psychology KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - At Risk Persons KW - Substance Abuse KW - Counselor Training KW - Behavior Modification KW - Counseling Effectiveness KW - Intervention KW - Group Therapy KW - Cognitive Restructuring KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Brief Psychotherapy KW - Outcomes of Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62307658?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Treatment of Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 32. AN - 62306572; ED443038 AB - This TIP on the best practice guidelines for treatment of substance abuse aims to help teach treatment providers about the latest information available to design and deliver better services to adolescent clients with substance use disorders. This publication represents advances in the understanding of the immediate and long-term physiologic, behavioral, and social consequences of use, abuse, and dependency. Adolescent substance users differ from adults in many ways, and this TIP explains how knowledge about these differences will help treatment providers grasp why adolescents use substances and how substance use may become an integral part of their identity. A discussion on program design, policies and procedures, and evaluation, as part of program development for treatment, is provided. Other treatment approaches such as therapeutic communities and 12-Step-Based Programs are detailed. It includes a discussion on contemporary family therapy as another effective form of treatment. Youth with distinctive treatment needs are considered in detail, including those in the juvenile justice system; homeless youth; those with nonheterosexual identity; and those with coexisting physical, behavioral, and psychiatric disorders. It concludes with a discussion of the legal and ethical issues of providing treatment to adolescents. The following appendixes are included: "Bibliography,""Medical Management of Drug Intoxication and Withdrawal," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 11 figures and 173 references.) (JDM) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 163 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Substance Abuse KW - Intervention KW - Emotional Adjustment KW - Adolescent Development KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Outcomes of Treatment KW - Family Counseling KW - Counselor Training KW - Family Role KW - Ethics KW - Program Development KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62306572?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Impaired Driving among Youth: Trends & Tools for Prevention. Technical Report. AN - 62306048; ED448379 AB - In 1996, after years of decline, alcohol-related crashes involving youth between 15 and 20 years old increased by nearly 5%. The estimated medical, monetary, and lost quality-of-life costs associated with injuries in crashes of young drivers are staggering. Policymakers are being called upon to address the problem of underage drinking and associated preventable problems, such as impaired driving and injuries. Strategies to prevent drinking and driving have proven to be effective. Substance abuse prevention professionals need to learn which strategies work and incorporate them into their ongoing efforts to prevent substance abuse problems. Brief overviews of some of these proven strategies are included and details are given on an extensive deterrence model. The report consists of four chapters. The first is an overview of the impaired driving problem with a focus on the young driver. Chapter 2 reviews minimum-age 21 alcohol purchase laws and discusses what states and communities do to ensure their enforcement. Chapter 3 discusses zero tolerance statutes, which require zero or low blood levels for young drivers. The last chapter concerns graduated licensing, a system that slowly eases young drivers into traffic flow. (Contains 16 figures, 9 tables, and 99 references.) (JDM) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 41 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Zero Tolerance Policy KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - State Legislation KW - Driving While Intoxicated KW - Alcohol Education KW - Young Adults KW - Laws KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62306048?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mental health: a report of the Surgeon General AN - 59965873; 1999-1209650 AB - Covers fundamentals of mental health and illness; mental health of children, adults, and older adults; organization and finance of mental health services; ethical, legal, and policy aspects of confidentiality of mental health information; and recommendations; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1999. Y1 - 1999///0, PY - 1999 DA - 0, 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Children -- Mental health KW - Public health -- United States KW - Mental illness -- United States KW - Youth -- Mental health KW - Mental health -- United States KW - Mental health services -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Surgeon general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59965873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Mental+health%3A+a+report+of+the+Surgeon+General&rft.title=Mental+health%3A+a+report+of+the+Surgeon+General&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/toc.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent suicide, 1999 AN - 59905015; 1999-1011600 AB - Introduces Awareness, Intervention, and Methodology (AIM), an approach, in conjunction with other public health programs, to preventing suicide and injuries by addressing problems of undetected and undertreated mental and substance abuse disorders; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1999. Y1 - 1999///0, PY - 1999 DA - 0, 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Mentally ill -- Care and treatment KW - Suicide -- Prevention KW - Public health -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Drug addicts -- Care and treatment KW - Substance abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59905015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Surgeon+General%27s+call+to+action+to+prevent+suicide%2C+1999&rft.title=The+Surgeon+General%27s+call+to+action+to+prevent+suicide%2C+1999&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calltoaction/default.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health care for minority women AN - 59799203; 2000-0205280 AB - Examines priority research areas for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR); disparities between minority and white women and men in health status and access to care, including heart disease, cancer, maternal health, insurance, and other topics; US. JF - United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 1999. Y1 - 1999///0, PY - 1999 DA - 0, 1999 PB - United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality KW - Public health -- Research KW - Women -- Health KW - Black women -- Health KW - Minorities -- Health KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Hispanic women -- Health KW - Medical service -- Social aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59799203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Health+care+for+minority+women&rft.title=Health+care+for+minority+women&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ahcpr.gov/research/minority.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Agency Healthcare Research and Quality N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Understanding estimates of uninsured children: putting the differences in context T2 - ASPE research notes AN - 59793575; 2000-0100190 AB - Examines why estimates of uninsured children differ, and explores strengths and weaknesses of four surveys: the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the Current Population Survey, the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, January 1999. AU - Winter, Ariel AU - Moyer, M Eugene Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Child health -- Insurance aspects KW - Uninsured persons -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Winter%2C+Ariel%3BMoyer%2C+M+Eugene&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Understanding+estimates+of+uninsured+children%3A+putting+the+differences+in+context&rft.title=Understanding+estimates+of+uninsured+children%3A+putting+the+differences+in+context&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/rn/rn21.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A portable spectro-polarimetric imager; potential mine safety and geologic applications AN - 52456152; 1999-051284 AB - A significant risk factor in assessing and modeling potential catastrophic slope movement in open-pit mines is the presence of argillic alteration in host rocks. High-resolution hyperspectral imagery operating in the visible to shortwave infrared can be a useful tool for identifying and mapping potentially dangerous argillic zones. We have conducted preliminary experiments with a new type of hyperspectral imager that employs an acousto-optic tunable filter, a variable retardation plate and a standard digital camera. The instrument we tested operates in the .5-1.0 micrometer range. A shortwave infrared instrument is planned, and mid-infrared instruments have been designed. An AOTF consists of an acoustic transducer that generates an acoustic wave that propagates through an attached crystalline substance. The wave sinusoidally modulates the refractive index of the crystal, selectively diffracting incident light according to its wavelength. The instrument also measures polarization signatures of reflecting surfaces as well as their spectral properties, opening up new areas of possible research. Images can be acquired and processed at 30 frames/second. The AOTF camera system offers numerous advantages to geologists. It can be used as an airborne imager or as a portable field device to image pit walls, outcrops, rock specimens or drill core. It can be adapted to image polished sections under a microscope, and it could be used in underground workings. Algorithms can produce processed images in real time (e.g., ratio images), and, because it is a camera system, aerial images can be orthorectified. JF - Proceedings of the Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing AU - Sabine, Charles AU - Denes, Louis J AU - Gottlieb, M AU - Kaminsky, B AU - Metes, P AU - Mayerle, Ronald T AU - Girard, Jami M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 190 EP - 194 PB - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1067-0106, 1067-0106 KW - United States KW - mining KW - polarization KW - Mountain Pass KW - igneous rocks KW - rock mechanics KW - evaluation KW - California KW - acoustical methods KW - plutonic rocks KW - hematite KW - mining geology KW - oxides KW - open-pit mining KW - applications KW - dunite KW - azurite KW - surface mining KW - geophysical methods KW - ultramafics KW - wavelength KW - safety KW - peridotites KW - spectroscopy KW - slope stability KW - carbonates KW - instruments KW - filters KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52456152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Thematic+Conference+on+Geologic+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=A+portable+spectro-polarimetric+imager%3B+potential+mine+safety+and+geologic+applications&rft.au=Sabine%2C+Charles%3BDenes%2C+Louis+J%3BGottlieb%2C+M%3BKaminsky%2C+B%3BMetes%2C+P%3BMayerle%2C+Ronald+T%3BGirard%2C+Jami+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sabine&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Thematic+Conference+on+Geologic+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=10670106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth international conference on Applied geologic remote sensing N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical methods; applications; azurite; California; carbonates; dunite; evaluation; filters; geophysical methods; hematite; igneous rocks; instruments; mining; mining geology; Mountain Pass; open-pit mining; oxides; peridotites; plutonic rocks; polarization; rock mechanics; safety; slope stability; spectroscopy; surface mining; ultramafics; United States; wavelength ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of compact interferometric radar to assess slope-movement risk in open pit mining operations AN - 52454075; 1999-051264 JF - Proceedings of the Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing AU - Sabine, Charles AU - Mayerle, Ronald T AU - Girard, Jami M AU - Long, David G AU - Hardin, Perry AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 55 PB - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1067-0106, 1067-0106 KW - United States KW - mining KW - geologic hazards KW - land subsidence KW - simulation KW - evaluation KW - mining geology KW - mass movements KW - copper ores KW - open-pit mining KW - applications KW - porphyry copper KW - mines KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - surface mining KW - radar methods KW - interferometry KW - safety KW - Arizona KW - metal ores KW - tailings KW - instruments KW - remote sensing KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52454075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Thematic+Conference+on+Geologic+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Use+of+compact+interferometric+radar+to+assess+slope-movement+risk+in+open+pit+mining+operations&rft.au=Sabine%2C+Charles%3BMayerle%2C+Ronald+T%3BGirard%2C+Jami+M%3BLong%2C+David+G%3BHardin%2C+Perry%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sabine&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Thematic+Conference+on+Geologic+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=10670106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth international conference on Applied geologic remote sensing N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; Arizona; copper ores; evaluation; experimental studies; geologic hazards; instruments; interferometry; land subsidence; mass movements; metal ores; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; open-pit mining; porphyry copper; radar methods; remote sensing; safety; simulation; surface mining; tailings; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of strain-gauged rock bolts to measure rock mass strain during drift development AN - 52426759; 1999-068695 AB - An experiment is described in which instrumented rock bolts were used to measure strain in the rock mass during drift development at the Stillwater Mine, Nye, Montana, USA. Two strain-gauged rock bolts were grouted into the middle of the rib next to the face. The drift was excavated in three advances, each one-half drift wide. Strains were recorded hourly by a datalogger. Results show that the average change in axial bolt strain for the first and second advance was about the same and that there was almost no change in strain after the third advance. Bending strain was observed 19 cm from the head of the bolt. JF - Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics AU - Johnson, J C AU - Brady, T AU - Larson, M AU - Langston, R AU - Kirsten, H A2 - Amadei, Bernard A2 - Kranz, Robert L. A2 - Scott, Gregg A. A2 - Smeallie, Peter H. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 497 EP - 502 PB - A.A. Balkema, [location varies] VL - 37, Vol. 1 SN - 0586-3031, 0586-3031 KW - United States KW - rock masses KW - mining KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - stability KW - Stillwater Mine KW - Nye Montana KW - rock mechanics KW - Montana KW - mining geology KW - Stillwater County Montana KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52426759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Symposium+on+Rock+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Use+of+strain-gauged+rock+bolts+to+measure+rock+mass+strain+during+drift+development&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+C%3BBrady%2C+T%3BLarson%2C+M%3BLangston%2C+R%3BKirsten%2C+H&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=905809099X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Symposium+on+Rock+Mechanics&rft.issn=05863031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 37th U. S. rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PSRMA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mining; mining geology; Montana; Nye Montana; rock masses; rock mechanics; stability; Stillwater County Montana; Stillwater Mine; strain; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of a large catastrophic failure in a southwestern Wyoming trona mine AN - 52425246; 1999-068670 AB - A large-scale collapse occurred in a room-and-pillar trona mine in southwestern Wyoming on February 3, 1995. An area measuring approximately 1 by 2 km (2800 by 7200 ft) collapsed abruptly without warning. This paper describes the resulting mine damage, airblast, gas emissions, and seismic event. The collapse is analyzed in terms of a cascading sequence of pillar-floor failure using established principles of failure stability. The dynamic nature of the failure is thought to stem from geological and mine geometry factors resulting in a "soft" pillar-loading system. While the specific mechanism initiating the collapse has not been identified conclusively, four candidate mechanisms are considered. Design methods to decrease the potential for large-scale collapse are summarized, and limitations in our ability to evaluate both the stability of old workings and long-term performance of new designs in this setting are described. JF - Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics AU - Zipf, R K, Jr AU - Swanson, P A2 - Amadei, Bernard A2 - Kranz, Robert L. A2 - Scott, Gregg A. A2 - Smeallie, Peter H. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 293 EP - 298 PB - A.A. Balkema, [location varies] VL - 37, Vol. 1 SN - 0586-3031, 0586-3031 KW - mining KW - failures KW - Green River Wyoming KW - geophysical surveys KW - geologic hazards KW - collapse structures KW - underground mining KW - geophysical methods KW - southwestern Wyoming KW - Solvay Mine KW - seismic methods KW - rock mechanics KW - mining geology KW - surveys KW - carbonates KW - trona KW - design KW - catastrophes KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52425246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Symposium+on+Rock+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Description+of+a+large+catastrophic+failure+in+a+southwestern+Wyoming+trona+mine&rft.au=Zipf%2C+R+K%2C+Jr%3BSwanson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Zipf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=905809099X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Symposium+on+Rock+Mechanics&rft.issn=05863031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 37th U. S. rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PSRMA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonates; catastrophes; collapse structures; design; failures; geologic hazards; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Green River Wyoming; mining; mining geology; rock mechanics; seismic methods; Solvay Mine; southwestern Wyoming; surveys; trona; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fracture mechanics approach to understanding supports in underground coal mines AN - 52389695; 2000-022219 AB - This paper introduces the fracture mechanics approach-a unique way to predict the stability of a coal mine panel. The technique uses analytic equations to calculate the stress, strain, and yield characteristics of coal support systems. It uses fracture mechanics to model almost every type of mine support structure. Another feature is a method that incorporates field-tested knowledge into the analytical analysis. For example, this technique can model the yield characteristics of a coal seam by combining empirical pillar strength equations into the analytic analysis. It may be possible to simulate multiple-seam mining by incorporating subsidence methods into the analysis. The method is simple and quick, which makes it attractive for stress analysis software. It should be more accessible to those in the mining industry who do not have expertise in rock mechanics or numerical modeling. Although the purpose of this research is for modeling coal mines, it should be adaptable to any mine in a tabular deposit. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Kramer, James M AU - Karabin, George J AU - Hoch, M Terry A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 115 EP - 137 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - Poisson's ratio KW - numerical models KW - in situ KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - stability KW - Green function KW - elastic constants KW - coal seams KW - fractures KW - longwall mining KW - yield strength KW - mechanics KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52389695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=The+fracture+mechanics+approach+to+understanding+supports+in+underground+coal+mines&rft.au=Kramer%2C+James+M%3BKarabin%2C+George+J%3BHoch%2C+M+Terry&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; coal seams; elastic constants; fractures; Green function; in situ; longwall mining; mechanics; mines; mining; numerical models; pillars; Poisson's ratio; stability; strain; stress; underground mining; yield strength ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design AN - 52389636; 2000-022209 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 192 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mines KW - engineering geology KW - symposia KW - mining geology KW - mechanics KW - coal mines KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52389636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Second+international+workshop+on+Coal+pillar+mechanics+and+design&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; design; engineering geology; mechanics; mines; mining geology; pillars; symposia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of overburden integrity in pillar failure AN - 52388854; 2000-022224 AB - The move toward partial pillar extraction versus full pillar extraction has necessitated a new approach to underground section stability. When pillars are mined too small to support the weight of the overburden, they will, in some cases, remain stable for a considerable period; in other cases, they will collapse unexpectedly and violently. There is no discernable difference between the pillar safety factors of the failed and stable cases. The explanation lies in the characteristics of the overburden layers. A method is proposed that recognizes the overburden characteristics in the evaluation of stability. Two stability factors are calculated: one for the pillars, the other for the overburden. Using this method, it is possible to make use of the bridging capabilities of overburden layers to prevent pillar collapse. It is possible to scientifically design partial pillar extraction layouts that will be safe. Using energy considerations, it is also possible to prevent violent failure of pillars. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - van der Merwe, J Nielen A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 173 EP - 179 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - overburden KW - elasticity KW - underground mining KW - mining geology KW - coal mines KW - stability KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52388854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=The+role+of+overburden+integrity+in+pillar+failure&rft.au=van+der+Merwe%2C+J+Nielen&rft.aulast=van+der+Merwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; elasticity; failures; mines; mining; mining geology; overburden; pillars; stability; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coal pillar strength and practical coal pillar design considerations AN - 52387371; 2000-022222 AB - This paper demonstrates that finite-element modeling can be used to predict in situ coal pillar strength, especially under nonideal conditions where interface friction and roof and floor deformation are the primary controlling factors. Despite their differences in approach, empirical, analytical, and numerical pillar design methods have apparently converged on fundamentally similar concepts of coal pillar mechanics. The finite-element model results, however, are not intended to suggest a new pillar design criterion. Rather, they illustrate the site-specific and complex nature of coal pillar design and the value of using modeling procedures to account for such complex site-specific conditions. Because of the site-specific nature of coal pillar design, no single pillar design formula or model can apply in all instances. Understanding and accounting for the site-specific parameters are very important for successful coal pillar design. More work remains before the century-old problems related to pillar design are finally solved. Future research should focus on the cross-linkage of empirical, analytical, and numerical pillar design methods. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Su, Daniel W H AU - Hasenfus, Gregory J A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 155 EP - 162 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - models KW - mines KW - finite element analysis KW - strength KW - mining geology KW - statistical analysis KW - mechanics KW - coal mines KW - design KW - boundary conditions KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52387371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Coal+pillar+strength+and+practical+coal+pillar+design+considerations&rft.au=Su%2C+Daniel+W+H%3BHasenfus%2C+Gregory+J&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=Daniel+W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boundary conditions; coal mines; design; finite element analysis; mechanics; mines; mining geology; models; pillars; statistical analysis; strength ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experience with the boundary element method of numerical modeling to resolve complex ground control problems AN - 52387339; 2000-022218 AB - The Mine Safety and Health Administration, Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center, Roof Control Division, is routinely-involved in the evaluation of ground conditions in underground coal mines. Assessing the stability of mined areas and the compatibility of mining plans with existing conditions is essential to ensuring a safe working environment for mine workers at a given site. Since 1985, the Roof Control Division has successfully used the boundary-element method of numerical modeling to aid in the resolution of complex ground control problems. This paper presents an overview of the modeling methodology and details of techniques currently used to generate coal seam, rock mass, and gob backfill input data. A summary of coal and rock properties used in numerous successful evaluations throughout the United States is included, and a set of deterioration indices that can aid in the quantification of in-mine ground conditions and verification of model accuracy is introduced. Finally, a case study is detailed that typifies the complexity of mining situations analyzed and illustrates various techniques that can be used to evaluate prospective design alternatives. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Karabin, George J AU - Evanto, Michael A A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 89 EP - 113 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - Poisson's ratio KW - elasticity KW - numerical models KW - underground mining KW - eastern Kentucky KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - tensile strength KW - elastic constants KW - coal seams KW - simulation KW - boundary element analysis KW - computer programs KW - case studies KW - Kentucky KW - BESOL KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52387339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Experience+with+the+boundary+element+method+of+numerical+modeling+to+resolve+complex+ground+control+problems&rft.au=Karabin%2C+George+J%3BEvanto%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Karabin&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - BESOL; boundary element analysis; case studies; coal mines; coal seams; computer programs; eastern Kentucky; elastic constants; elasticity; failures; Kentucky; mines; mining; numerical models; pillars; Poisson's ratio; simulation; stress; tensile strength; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a postfailure stability, criterion in pillar design AN - 52387159; 2000-022225 AB - Use of Salamon's stability criterion in underground mine design can prevent the occurrence of catastrophic domino-type pillar failure. Evaluating the criterion requires computation of the local mine stiffness and knowledge of the postfailure behavior of pillars. This paper summarizes the status of the practical use of this important criterion and suggests important research to improve our capabilities. Analytical and numerical methods are used to compute the local mine stiffness. Work to date in computing local mine stiffness relies mainly on elastic continuum models. Further work might investigate local mine stiffness in a discontinuous rock mass using alternative numerical methods. Existing postfailure data for coal pillars are summarized, and a simple relationship for determining the postfailure modulus and stiffness of coal pillars is proposed. Little actual postfailure data for noncoal pillars are available; however, numerical models can provide an estimate of postfailure stiffness. Important factors controlling postfailure stiffness of rock pillars include the postfailure modulus of the material, end conditions, and width-to-height ratio. Studies show that the nature of the failure process after strength is exceeded can be predicted with numerical models using Salamon's stability criterion; therefore, a method exists to decrease the risk of this type of catastrophic failure. However, the general lack of good data on the postfailure behavior of actual mine pillars is a major obstacle. Additional back-analyses of failed and stable case histories in conjunction with laboratory testing and numerical modeling are essential to improve our ability to apply the stability criterion. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Zipf, R Karl, Jr A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 192 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - numerical models KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - numerical analysis KW - stress KW - stiffness KW - LAMODEL KW - coal mines KW - stability KW - two-dimensional models KW - mining geology KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52387159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Using+a+postfailure+stability%2C+criterion+in+pillar+design&rft.au=Zipf%2C+R+Karl%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Zipf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; design; failures; LAMODEL; mines; mining; mining geology; numerical analysis; numerical models; pillars; stability; stiffness; strength; stress; two-dimensional models; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical methods for coal pillar design AN - 52386821; 2000-022221 AB - Empirical methods involve the scientific interpretation of real-world experience. Many problems in ground control lend themselves to an empirical approach because the mines provide us with plenty of experience with full-scale rock structures. During the past 10 years, powerful design techniques have emerged from statistical analyses of large databases of real-world pillar successes and failures. These include the Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS), the Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability (ALPS), the Mark-Bieniawski rectangular pillar strength formula, and guidelines for preventing massive pillar collapses. In the process, our practical understanding of pillar behavior has been greatly enriched. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - methods KW - mining KW - mines KW - numerical models KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - loading KW - stress KW - statistical analysis KW - coal mines KW - longwall mining KW - mining geology KW - data bases KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52386821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Empirical+methods+for+coal+pillar+design&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; data bases; design; loading; longwall mining; methods; mines; mining; mining geology; numerical models; pillars; statistical analysis; strength; stress; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - University of New South Wales coal pillar strength determinations for Australian and South African mining conditions AN - 52386794; 2000-022216 AB - A series of mine design accidents in the late 1980s resulted in a major research program at the University of New South Wales, Australia, aimed at developing pillar and mine design guidelines. A database of both failed and unfailed Australian underground coal mine pillar case studies was compiled. A procedure was developed to enable the effective width of rectangular pillars to be taken into account. The database was analyzed statistically using the maximum likelihood method, both independently and as a combined data set with the more extensive South African database. Probabilities of failure were correlated to factors of safety. It was found that there was less than a 4% variance in pillar design extraction ratios resulting from each of these approaches. There is a remarkable consistency between the design formulas developed from back-analysis of the two separate national pillar databases containing many different coal seams and geological environments. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Galvin, Jim M AU - Hebblewhite, Bruce K AU - Salamon, Miklos D G A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 63 EP - 71 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mines KW - failures KW - Australasia KW - strength KW - coal mines KW - University of New South Wales KW - coal seams KW - mining geology KW - Southern Africa KW - data bases KW - Africa KW - Australia KW - South Africa KW - compressive strength KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52386794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=University+of+New+South+Wales+coal+pillar+strength+determinations+for+Australian+and+South+African+mining+conditions&rft.au=Galvin%2C+Jim+M%3BHebblewhite%2C+Bruce+K%3BSalamon%2C+Miklos+D+G&rft.aulast=Galvin&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Australasia; Australia; coal mines; coal seams; compressive strength; data bases; failures; mines; mining geology; pillars; South Africa; Southern Africa; strength; University of New South Wales ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical boundary-element modeling for mine planning AN - 52385886; 2000-022217 AB - As part of the initial investigation and validation of a new boundary-element formulation for stress modeling in coal mines, the underground stresses and displacements at two multiple-seam coal mines with unique stress problems were modeled and predicted. The new program, LAMODEL, calculates stresses and displacements at the seam level and at requested locations in the overburden or at the surface. Both linear elastic and nonlinear seam materials can be used, and surface effects, multiple seams, and multiple mining steps can be simulated. In order to most efficiently use LAMODEL for accurate stress prediction, the program is first calibrated to the site-specific geomechanics based on previously observed stress conditions at the mine. For this calibration process, a previously mined area is "stress mapped" by quantifying the observed pillar and strata behavior using a numerical rating system. Then, the site-specific mechanical properties in the model are adjusted to provide the best correlation between the predicted stresses and the observed underground stress rating. Once calibrated, the model is then used to predict future stress problems ahead of mining. At the two case study mines, the calibrated models showed good correlation with the observed stresses and also accurately predicted upcoming high stress areas for preventive action by the mines. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Heasley, Keith A AU - Chekan, Gregory J A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 73 EP - 87 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - mining KW - Kellioka Seam KW - Poisson's ratio KW - numerical models KW - underground mining KW - cartography KW - strength KW - eastern Kentucky KW - stress KW - LAMODEL KW - elastic constants KW - coal seams KW - Upper Darby Seam KW - boundary element analysis KW - case studies KW - planning KW - mining geology KW - Greene County Pennsylvania KW - Sewickley Seam KW - Pennsylvania KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52385886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Practical+boundary-element+modeling+for+mine+planning&rft.au=Heasley%2C+Keith+A%3BChekan%2C+Gregory+J&rft.aulast=Heasley&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boundary element analysis; cartography; case studies; coal seams; eastern Kentucky; elastic constants; Greene County Pennsylvania; Kellioka Seam; LAMODEL; mining; mining geology; numerical models; Pennsylvania; pillars; planning; Poisson's ratio; Sewickley Seam; strength; stress; underground mining; United States; Upper Darby Seam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction AN - 52385851; 2000-022210 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 2 EP - 4 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - longwall mining KW - underground mining KW - mining geology KW - mechanics KW - coal mines KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52385851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; design; longwall mining; mechanics; mines; mining; mining geology; pillars; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A hybrid statistical-analytical method for assessing violent failure in U. S. coal mines AN - 52385783; 2000-022220 AB - Coal bumps are influenced by geologic conditions, the geometric design of coal mine excavations, and the sequence and rate of extraction. Researchers from private industry and government agencies around the world have studied mechanisms of violent failure and have identified individual factors that contribute to coal bumps. To develop predictive tools for assessing coal bump potential, the authors initiated a comprehensive study using information from 25 case studies undertaken in U.S. mines. Multiple linear regression and numerical modeling analyses of geological and mining conditions were used to identify the most significant factors contributing to stress bumps in coal mines. Twenty-five factors were considered initially, including mechanical properties of strata, stress fields, face and pillar factors of safety, joint spacings, mining methods, and stress gradients. In situ strength was estimated in 12 coal seams where uniaxial compressive strength exceeded 2,000 psi. Allowances were made for favorable local yielding characteristics of mine roof and floor in reducing damage severity. Pillar and face factors of safety were calculated using displacement-discontinuity methods for specific geometries. This work identified the most important variables contributing to coal bumps. These are (1) mechanical properties of strata, including local yield characteristics of a mine roof and floor, (2) gate pillar factors of safety, (3) roof beam thickness, joint spacing, and stiffness characteristics, which influence released energy, (4) stress gradients associated with the approach of mining to areas of higher stress concentrations, and (5) the mining method. By combining the strength of both analytical and statistical methods, new capabilities were developed for predicting coal bump potential and for building confidence intervals on expected damage. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Maleki, Hamid AU - Zahl, Eric G AU - Dunford, John P A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 139 EP - 144 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - mines KW - failures KW - coal bumps KW - bivariate analysis KW - numerical models KW - in situ KW - strength KW - statistical analysis KW - coal mines KW - elastic constants KW - analysis KW - excavations KW - mining geology KW - design KW - Young's modulus KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52385783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+hybrid+statistical-analytical+method+for+assessing+violent+failure+in+U.+S.+coal+mines&rft.au=Maleki%2C+Hamid%3BZahl%2C+Eric+G%3BDunford%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Maleki&rft.aufirst=Hamid&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - analysis; bivariate analysis; coal bumps; coal mines; design; elastic constants; excavations; failures; in situ; mines; mining geology; numerical models; statistical analysis; strength; United States; Young's modulus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experience of field measurement and computer simulation methods for pillar design AN - 52385750; 2000-022215 AB - Coal pillar design has been based on generalized formulas of the strength of the coal in a pillar and experience in localized situations. Stress measurements above and in coal pillars indicate that the actual strength and deformation of pillars vary much more than predicted by formulas. This variation is due to failure of strata surrounding coal. The pillar strength and deformation of the adjacent roadways is a function of failure in the coal and the strata about the coal. When the pillar is viewed as a system in which failure also occurs in the strata rather than the coal only, the wide range of pillar strength characteristics found in the United Kingdom, United States, Republic of South Africa, Australia, People's Republic of China, Japan, and other countries are simply variations due to different strata-coal combinations, not different coal strengths. This paper presents the measured range of pillar strength characteristics and explains the reasons. Methods to design pillar layouts with regard to the potential strength variations due to the strata strength characteristics surrounding the seam are also presented. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Gale, Winton J A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 49 EP - 61 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - methods KW - mines KW - strength KW - loading KW - stress KW - data processing KW - coal mines KW - effects KW - simulation KW - measurement KW - models KW - mining geology KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52385750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Experience+of+field+measurement+and+computer+simulation+methods+for+pillar+design&rft.au=Gale%2C+Winton+J&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Winton&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; data processing; design; effects; loading; measurement; methods; mines; mining geology; models; pillars; simulation; strength; stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developments in coal pillar design at Smoky River Coal Ltd., Alberta, Canada AN - 52385326; 2000-022212 AB - Smoky River Coal Ltd. mines low-volatile metallurgical coal by surface and underground methods in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. Current underground operations are confined to the 5B-4 Mine. Development of 5B-4 began in January 1998; production from depillaring sections commenced in July 1998. This paper describes the history of underground mining on the Smoky River property in terms of extraction methods and pillar design. The development of the present pillar design guidelines is discussed in this context. Recent work to prepare a number of case histories for back-analysis using the Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS) method is described, along with the modifications developed for calculating the ARMPS stability factor for retreat extraction of thick seams. The design criteria are described, as well as the geotechnical program implemented in order to verify its applicability. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Cain, Peter A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 15 EP - 21 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - underground mining KW - Smoky River Coal Limited KW - bearing capacity KW - data processing KW - coal mines KW - Alberta KW - longwall mining KW - Canada KW - mining geology KW - nomograms KW - Western Canada KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52385326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Developments+in+coal+pillar+design+at+Smoky+River+Coal+Ltd.%2C+Alberta%2C+Canada&rft.au=Cain%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col., 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alberta; bearing capacity; Canada; coal mines; data processing; design; longwall mining; mines; mining; mining geology; nomograms; pillars; Smoky River Coal Limited; underground mining; Western Canada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A unique approach to determining the time-dependent in situ strength of coal pillars AN - 52385275; 2000-022211 AB - In general, it cannot be assumed that the strength of coal pillars remains constant over long periods of time. Field observations indicate that a coal seam, especially when it contains a parting layer, deteriorates over time, reducing the load-bearing capacity of the pillars. This paper discusses a unique approach to determining the time-dependent strength of coal pillars in the field. Three coal pillars that were developed 5, 15, and 50 years ago were chosen for the study. Holes were drilled in coal and parting layers in each pillar, and the strength profiles were determined for each hole using a borehole penetrometer. The strength data were treated statistically to establish time-dependent strength equations for different layers. The results can be used to help estimate the loss of pillar capacity over time. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Biswas, Kousick AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Peng, Syd S A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 5 EP - 13 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mines KW - failures KW - penetrometers KW - boreholes KW - in situ KW - bearing capacity KW - strength KW - mining geology KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52385275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+unique+approach+to+determining+the+time-dependent+in+situ+strength+of+coal+pillars&rft.au=Biswas%2C+Kousick%3BMark%2C+Christopher%3BPeng%2C+Syd+S&rft.aulast=Biswas&rft.aufirst=Kousick&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bearing capacity; boreholes; coal mines; failures; in situ; mines; mining geology; penetrometers; pillars; strength; stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New strength formula for coal pillars in South Africa AN - 52384945; 2000-022223 AB - For the last 3 decades, coal pillars in the Republic of South Africa have been designed using the well-known strength formula of Salamon and Munro that was empirically derived after the Coalbrook disaster. The database was recently updated with the addition of failures that occurred after the initial analysis and the omission of failures that occurred in a known anomalous area. An alternative method of analysis was used to refine the constants in the formula. The outcome was a new formula that shows that the larger width-to-height ratio coal pillars are significantly stronger than previously believed, even though the material itself is represented by a reduced constant in the new formula. The formula predicts lower strength for the smaller pillars, explaining the failure of small pillars that were previously believed to have had high safety factors. Application of the new formula will result in improved coal reserve utilization for deeper workings and enhanced stability of shallow workings. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - van der Merwe, J Nielen A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 163 EP - 171 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - mining geology KW - Southern Africa KW - coal mines KW - Africa KW - South Africa KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=New+strength+formula+for+coal+pillars+in+South+Africa&rft.au=van+der+Merwe%2C+J+Nielen&rft.aulast=van+der+Merwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; coal mines; mines; mining; mining geology; pillars; South Africa; Southern Africa; strength; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of longwall tailgate serviceability (ALTS); a chain pillar design methodology for Australian conditions AN - 52384908; 2000-022214 AB - This paper summarizes the results of a research project whose goal was to provide the Australian coal industry with a chain pillar design methodology readily usable by colliery staff. The project was primarily funded by the Australian Coal Association Research Program and further supported by several Australian longwall operations. The starting point or basis of the project was the Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability (ALPS) methodology. ALPS was chosen because of its operational focus; it uses tailgate performance as the determining chain pillar design criterion rather than simply pillar stability. Furthermore, ALPS recognizes that several geotechnical and design factors, including (but not limited to) chain pillar stability, affect that performance. There are some geotechnical and mine layout differences between United States and Australian coalfields that required investigation and, therefore, calibration before the full benefits offered by the ALPS methodology could be realized in Australia. Ultimately, case history data were collected from 19 longwall mines representing approximately 60% of all Australian longwall operations. In addition, six monitoring sites incorporated an array of hydraulic stress cells to measure the change in vertical stress throughout the various phases of the longwall extraction cycle. The sites also incorporated extensometers to monitor roof and rib performance in response to the retreating longwall face. The study found strong relationships between the tailgate stability factor, the Coal Mine Roof Rating, and the installed level of primary support. The final outcome of the project is a chain pillar design methodology called Analysis of Longwall Tailgate Serviceability (ALTS). Guidelines of using ALTS are provided. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Colwell, Mark AU - Frith, Russel AU - Mark, Christopher A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 33 EP - 48 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - in situ KW - Australasia KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - loading KW - stress KW - statistical analysis KW - coal mines KW - Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability KW - West Wallsend Colliery KW - longwall mining KW - mining geology KW - data bases KW - Australia KW - Nuvston Colliery KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+longwall+tailgate+serviceability+%28ALTS%29%3B+a+chain+pillar+design+methodology+for+Australian+conditions&rft.au=Colwell%2C+Mark%3BFrith%2C+Russel%3BMark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Colwell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability; Australasia; Australia; coal mines; data bases; design; in situ; loading; longwall mining; mines; mining; mining geology; Nuvston Colliery; pillars; statistical analysis; strength; stress; underground mining; West Wallsend Colliery ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Material properties affecting the stability of a 50-year-old rock dump in an active mine AN - 52359844; 2000-035815 AB - Material properties affecting slope stability were measured in a large 50-year-old, partially consolidated rock dump located in an active open-pit mine. Field tests included single-ring infiltration and density. In addition, a nuclear depth-moisture gauge was used to measure water content in six stainless-steel-cased drillholes on the crest and an upper bench of the rock dump. Precipitation, evaporation, wind speed and direction, and temperature data were collected at a weather station installed on the dump's crest. Laboratory tests included particle-size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, and water content. By measuring material properties of a rock dump presumed to be stable, the safety of miners working on or at the toe of old rock dumps constructed of similar material and located in a similar climate can be assessed. JF - Report of Investigations - NIOSH AU - Tesarik, D R AU - McKibbin, R W Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 22 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. KW - hydrology KW - mining KW - mines KW - experimental studies KW - surface mining KW - moisture KW - grain size KW - specific gravity KW - depth KW - rock mechanics KW - laboratory studies KW - size distribution KW - saturation KW - mining geology KW - open-pit mining KW - slope stability KW - Atterberg limits KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52359844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Tesarik%2C+D+R%3BMcKibbin%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Tesarik&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Material+properties+affecting+the+stability+of+a+50-year-old+rock+dump+in+an+active+mine&rft.title=Material+properties+affecting+the+stability+of+a+50-year-old+rock+dump+in+an+active+mine&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05111 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atterberg limits; depth; experimental studies; grain size; hydrology; laboratory studies; mines; mining; mining geology; moisture; open-pit mining; rock mechanics; saturation; size distribution; slope stability; specific gravity; surface mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential wall rock movements associated with rock bursts, Lucky Friday Mine, Coeur d'Alene Mining District, Idaho, USA AN - 52126083; 2002-026777 AB - Various methods of monitoring slip movements on bedding planes, as well as examination of rock burst damage in stopes, suggests that rock bursts in the Lucky Friday Mine are closely associated with these movements. Slip displacements along bedding simultaneously reduce the physical dimensions of stopes and increase compressive stress along stope margins. Such changes, in turn, contribute directly to rock bursts and the sudden failure of volumes of rock and cemented sandfill surrounding stopes. The distribution of seismicity and several mining-induced and premining structures resemble those described in South African gold mines. These suggest fundamental similarities in seismic sources and mechanisms of rock burst damage. JF - Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics AU - White, B G AU - Whyatt, J K A2 - Amadei, Bernard A2 - Kranz, Robert L. A2 - Scott, Gregg A. A2 - Smeallie, Peter H. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1051 EP - 1059 PB - A.A. Balkema, [location varies] VL - 37, Vol. 2 SN - 0586-3031, 0586-3031 KW - United States KW - Idaho KW - argillite KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - site exploration KW - Lucky Friday Mine KW - rock mechanics KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - seismicity KW - rock bursts KW - wall rocks KW - clastic rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52126083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Symposium+on+Rock+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Differential+wall+rock+movements+associated+with+rock+bursts%2C+Lucky+Friday+Mine%2C+Coeur+d%27Alene+Mining+District%2C+Idaho%2C+USA&rft.au=White%2C+B+G%3BWhyatt%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1051&rft.isbn=905809099X&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Symposium+on+Rock+Mechanics&rft.issn=05863031&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 37th U.S. rock mechanics symposium on Rock mechanics for industry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PSRMA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - argillite; clastic rocks; Coeur d'Alene mining district; geologic hazards; Idaho; Lucky Friday Mine; monitoring; rock bursts; rock mechanics; sedimentary rocks; seismicity; site exploration; United States; wall rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coal pillar design for longwall gate entries AN - 50316229; 2000-022213 AB - This paper describes measured data on strata behavior obtained in recent years from sites in the United Kingdom and the implications for pillar design. The data include results from overcoring stress measurements adjacent to coal mine roadways and deformation monitoring related to longwall extraction. The stresses adjacent to mine roadways or entries have been measured at a number of coal mine sites in the United Kingdom. The results are analyzed with regard to the information they provide on pillar behavior and strength estimates. A reduction in stress consistent with yielding of the strata adjacent to the roadways is evident. This is consistent with the confined core model for pillar behavior. The pillar strength is dependent on the rate at which vertical stress can increase with distance from the pillar edge and hence the confinement provided to the yielded material. The measured data indicate a wide range in pillar strengths. Two groups of results are identified that show significantly different behavior corresponding to differing effective pillar strengths. Estimates of pillar strengths derived from the measured data for these two groups are compared with established equations used for pillar design. The differing behaviors and strengths are attributed to variations in the amount of yielding and deformation in roof and floor strata and hence in the amount of confinement they provide to the coal seam. Numerical modeling is used to provide a comparison with the measured data and to indicate that this provides a feasible mechanism to account for the measured data. As the depth of mining increases, pillars tend to become increasingly wide and squat. In such cases, it is possible for the surrounding roadways to become badly deformed and damaged while the pillars remain stable. The criteria of comparing pillar strengths and loads to establish pillar stability become less applicable in these circumstances; rather, considerations of roadway stability may be the limiting factor in determining suitable pillar dimensions. This is the case for pillar dimensions typically employed around longwall panels in the United Kingdom. Depending on the properties of the site and what are deemed to be satisfactory roadway conditions, this can lead to wide variations in required pillar dimensions. Measured data for deformations in roadways influenced by adjoining longwall workings are presented. These show that in some circumstances the influence of longwall extraction can be transmitted over large distances and confirm the variability in required pillar sizes depending on site properties. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Cassie, John W AU - Altounyan, Peter F R AU - Cartwright, Paul B A2 - Mark, Christopher A2 - Heasley, Keith A. A2 - Iannacchione, Anthony T. A2 - Tuchman, Robert J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 23 EP - 32 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - longwall mining KW - numerical models KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - coal seams KW - design KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50316229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Coal+pillar+design+for+longwall+gate+entries&rft.au=Cassie%2C+John+W%3BAltounyan%2C+Peter+F+R%3BCartwright%2C+Paul+B&rft.aulast=Cassie&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international workshop on Coal pillar mechanics and design N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; coal seams; design; longwall mining; mines; mining; numerical models; pillars; strength; stress; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Potential Role of Quantitative Flow Cytometry in the Detection of Stem Cells, Dendritic Cells and Antigen Specific T Cells AN - 21319047; 7347213 JF - Cytotherapy AU - Marti, G AD - Flow and Image Cytometry, CBER FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 351 EP - 352 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1465-3249, 1465-3249 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Flow cytometry KW - Dendritic cells KW - Stem cells KW - Lymphocytes T KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21319047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytotherapy&rft.atitle=The+Potential+Role+of+Quantitative+Flow+Cytometry+in+the+Detection+of+Stem+Cells%2C+Dendritic+Cells+and+Antigen+Specific+T+Cells&rft.au=Marti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Marti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytotherapy&rft.issn=14653249&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F0032472031000141277 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow cytometry; Dendritic cells; Stem cells; Lymphocytes T DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000141277 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of 1-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans AN - 19811066; 4502204 AB - Biotransformation of 1-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene (1-nitro-BeP), an environmental pollutant derived from the nitration of a non-carcinogen, benzo[e]pyrene, was studied using the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112. After 72 h incubation, 89% of 1-nitro-[ super(3)H]BeP added had been metabolized to two major metabolites. These metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and identified by super(1)H NMR, UV-visible, and mass spectral techniques as 1-nitro-6-benzo[e]pyrenylsulfate and 1-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene 6-O- beta -glucopyranoside. Comparison of the fungal metabolism patterns of 1-nitro-BeP and BeP indicates that the nitro group at the C-1 position of BeP altered the regioselectivity of metabolism. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Freeman, J P AU - Fu, P P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, HFT-250, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 52 EP - 57 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - 1-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Biodegradation KW - Fungi KW - biotransformation KW - Metabolites KW - Pollutants KW - Nitration KW - N.M.R. KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19811066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+1-nitrobenzo%5Be%5Dpyrene+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Transformation; Pollutants; Nitration; biotransformation; N.M.R.; Metabolites; Biodegradation; Fungi; Cunninghamella elegans ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Indian Health Service: Creating a Climate for Change AN - 192613692 AB - Providing comprehensive health care for more than 1.4 million American Indians and Alaska Natives, the Indian Health Service's (IHS) 15,000 plus employees were responsible for the operation of more than 500 facilities with a budget greater than $2 billion. Dr. Michael Trujillo, the IHS director, knew that to accomplish the agency's mission the IHS had to honor numerous past treaties made between the Indian tribes and the United States. Respect for the beliefs and spiritual convictions of the various tribes was formally recognized in the Indian self-determination process, but despite this, the IHS was considered a discretionary agency in the congressional budget process. It had no adequate third-party payer billing system; it faced difficulty recruiting professional staff; and it served a population whose health indicators lagged behind the rest of the United States. Dr. Trujillo had to decide how to lead the HIS through troubled times while raising the IHS population's health status, even with little likelihood of increased funding. JF - North American Case Research Association (NACRA) Case Collection AU - Robert J. Tosatto, U.S. Public Health Service, Terrie C. Reeves, Texas Woman's University?Houston , AU - Duncan, W Jack AU - Peter M. Ginter, University of Alabama at Birmingham Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 26 CY - Waltham PB - North American Case Research Association KW - Business And Economics--Management KW - n1904039_tn KW - Government agencies KW - Strategic management KW - Organizational structure KW - Organizational change KW - Public policy KW - 9550:Public sector organizations KW - 1200:Social policy KW - 2500:Organizational behavior KW - 2310:Planning KW - 2320:Organizational structure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/192613692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ABI%2FINFORM+Global&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Robert+J.+Tosatto%2C+U.S.+Public+Health+Service%2C+Terrie+C.+Reeves%2C+Texas+Woman%27s+University%3FHouston+%2C%3BDuncan%2C+W+Jack%3BPeter+M.+Ginter%2C+University+of+Alabama+at+Birmingham&rft.aulast=Robert+J.+Tosatto&rft.aufirst=U.S.+Public+Health&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Indian+Health+Service%3A+Creating+a+Climate+for+Change&rft.title=Indian+Health+Service%3A+Creating+a+Climate+for+Change&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Name - Indian Health Service N1 - Copyright - Copyright North American Case Research Association 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-19 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Colorimetric approach to cyanobacterial off-flavor detection AN - 17590519; 4660363 AB - A colorimetric method to quantify methylisoborneol and geosmin in water and fish flesh based on a spot test by Wood and Snoeyink was developed. To test water samples, one liter of filtered water is pumped through a solid phase extraction device and the off-flavor eluted from the device with toluene. The toluene is combined with a 1 percent vanillin in concentrated sulfuric acid and agitated for 30 min to produce the color change. The standard solution is yellow and at increasing concentrations of 2-methylisoborneol or geosmin the color changes from light orange to blood red. Extraction from 1 liter of water results in a sensitivity of 1 ppb. This is suitable for quality control of seafood. For use in measuring action levels (high and low ppt levels for aquaculture and drinking water, respectively), extraction from greater volumes will be required. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Miller, D AU - Conte, ED AU - Shen, CY AU - Perschbacher, P W A2 - Bruchet, A A2 - Burlingame, G A2 - Sklenar, KS A2 - Suffet, IH A2 - Whitfield, FB (eds) Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 5 EP - 169 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK SN - 0080436641 KW - 2-Methylisoborneol KW - cyanobacteria KW - geosmin KW - methylisoborneol KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Water Analysis KW - Toluene KW - Colorimetry KW - Odors KW - Aquaculture KW - Water Treatment KW - Seafood KW - Off flavor KW - Taste KW - Analytical Methods KW - Quality control KW - Drinking water KW - Cyanophyta KW - Sampling methods KW - K 03059:Algae KW - R 18122:Taints & off-flavors KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17590519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Pollution+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Miller%2C+D%3BConte%2C+ED%3BShen%2C+CY%3BPerschbacher%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=0080436641&rft.btitle=Colorimetric+approach+to+cyanobacterial+off-flavor+detection&rft.title=Colorimetric+approach+to+cyanobacterial+off-flavor+detection&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Increased expression of hepatic DNA methyltransferase in smokers AN - 17539798; 4716541 AB - The DNA methyltransferase enzyme (DNA MTase) catalyzes DNA methylation at cytosines in CpG dinucleotides. 5-Methylcytosine modification of DNA is important in gene regulation, DNA replication, chromatin organization and disease. Increased levels of DNA MTase have been associated with the initiation and promotion of cancer. This study was conducted to assess whether cigarette smoking and other factors, such as age and gender, influence DNA MTase expression in nontumorous tissue. DNA MTase was significantly (p<0.05) higher in samples from cigarette smokers; the mean level of DNA MTase mRNA was almost 2-fold higher in these samples than in those from nonsmokers. Levels of DNA MTase mRNA were higher in samples from females than in those from males, but the difference was not statistically significant. Age was not associated with DNA MTase levels. Increased levels of DNA MTase in individuals who smoke may indicate a greater susceptibility to the risk of cancer since increased levels of this enzyme are found in cancer cell lines and human tumors. The results of this study suggest that further investigations of increased expression of this enzyme as a predisposing factor for cancer susceptibility are needed. JF - Cell Biology and Toxicology AU - Hammons, G J AU - Yan, Y AU - Lopatina, NG AU - Jin, B AU - Wise, C AU - Blann, E B AU - Poirier, LA AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Lyn-Cook, B D Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 389 EP - 394 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Postbus 17 Dordrecht 3300 AA Netherlands VL - 15 IS - 6 KW - man KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Smoking KW - DNA methylase KW - Cigarette smoking KW - DNA KW - DNA methylation KW - Liver KW - DNA methyltransferase KW - Methylation KW - Cancer KW - N 14740:Miscellaneous KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17539798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Biology+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Increased+expression+of+hepatic+DNA+methyltransferase+in+smokers&rft.au=Hammons%2C+G+J%3BYan%2C+Y%3BLopatina%2C+NG%3BJin%2C+B%3BWise%2C+C%3BBlann%2C+E+B%3BPoirier%2C+LA%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hammons&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+Biology+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1007658000971 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007658000971 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field assessment of control techniques and long-term dust variability for surface coal mine rock drills and bulldozers AN - 17506145; 4694293 AB - Airborne respirable dust surveys were conducted at six surface coal mines to investigate the effectiveness of dust control methods used on rotary rock drills and bulldozers. Dust controls commonly used on drills include a dry dust collection system, exhausting from a shrouded area around the collared hole, and an enclosed drill operator cab, filtering airborne dust from the cab. Bulldozers are also typically equipped with an enclosed operator cab as a dust control measure. Airborne respirable dust sampling was conducted near each equipment's source of generation and inside its enclosed cab. Silica analysis was performed on the dust samples to determine the percent silica content in the dust generated at the six mining operations. An additional eight-month follow-up of dust sampling was also conducted in the enclosed operator cabs of several rock drills and bulldozers. Data were analyzed for long-term variability of accepted control methods to abate dust and silica levels. The highwall rock drill was the major and most variable dust source as compared to the bulldozer, generating dust levels, on average, one order of magnitude higher than dust levels of the bulldozer. Four of the six drills surveyed had dust containment and capture problems at the shrouded drill table above the hole. Repairs or modifications to three of the drill dust collection systems were shown to reduce dust levels by more that 50% next to the shrouded drill table. The enclosed operator cabs provided more than 90% and more than 40% lower dust levels than at the dust source for the drill and bulldozer, respectively. Long-term sampling of several of these highwall drills and bulldozers showed that the dust levels in the drill cabs were frequently higher than 0.2 mg/m super(3) and more variable than in the bulldozers. The bulldozer dust levels were frequently below 0.2 mg/m super(3). Future research should focus on improving some of the deficiencies present in the drill's primary dust collection system, and developing quality control methods to ensure the integrity of enclosed cab protection for equipment operators. JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Organiscak, JA AU - Page, S J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 165 EP - 172 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0920-8119, 0920-8119 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - Pollution control KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17506145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Field+assessment+of+control+techniques+and+long-term+dust+variability+for+surface+coal+mine+rock+drills+and+bulldozers&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+JA%3BPage%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=09208119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coal; Mining; Dust; Occupational exposure; Pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of sulfamethazine and its major metabolites in egg albumin and egg yolk by high performance liquid chromatography AN - 17471710; 4675544 AB - A quantitative liquid chromatographic method for the determination of sulfamethazine (SMZ), N4-acetyl sulfamethazine (N4-acetyl-SMZ), and desamino sulfamethazine (desamino-SMZ) in egg albumin and egg yolk is described. Egg albumin or yolk was homogenized in acetonitrile and centrifuged. The supernatant was evaporated to dryness and residue reconstituted in the mobile phase. Albumin extract was directly analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hexane was added to the yolk sample, vortex mixed, and centrifuged to separate the layers. The top hexane layer was removed and a small amount of salt was added to break the emulsions. The lower aqueous layer was analyzed by HPLC. The HPLC system included a reversed phase column, a gradient mobile phase of 5-15% acetonitrile and 0.01M phosphate buffer, and a UV detector set at 268 nm. The recovery of SMZ and N4-acetyl-SMZ, both fortified at 1 ppm levels, from egg albumin was 101 and 88% and from egg yolk was 79 and 91%, respectively. The recovery of desamino-SMZ at 2 ppm fortification level from egg albumin and egg yolk was 84 and 63%, respectively. The method was applied to detect the presence of SMZ and its potential metabolites in eggs collected after dosing hens with SMZ. Parent drug, SMZ, was the major compound transferred to both egg albumin and yolk. Small concentration of N4-acetyl-SMZ metabolite were also detected in some eggs; however, no desamino-SMZ or other metabolites were detected. Sulfamethazine or 4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidine) benzene sulfonamide is approved for use in boiler chicks for the prevention and treatment of various bacterial infections. It is, however, not approved for use in laying chickens. JF - Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies AU - Shaikh, B AU - Rummel, N AU - Donoghue, D AD - U. S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine Office of Research 8401 Muirkirk Road Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 2651 EP - 2662 VL - 22 IS - 17 SN - 1082-6076, 1082-6076 KW - metabolites KW - sulfamethazine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Eggs KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17471710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography+%26+Related+Technologies&rft.atitle=Determination+of+sulfamethazine+and+its+major+metabolites+in+egg+albumin+and+egg+yolk+by+high+performance+liquid+chromatography&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BRummel%2C+N%3BDonoghue%2C+D&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography+%26+Related+Technologies&rft.issn=10826076&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FJLC-100102049 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Eggs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100102049 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic alterations of cancer-related genes in glass fiber-induced transformed cells AN - 17434542; 4651807 AB - Our previous studies have shown that glass fibers induced morphological transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells and that transformed cells possessed preneoplastic properties and transforming genes. In the current study, possible molecular mechanisms of glass fiber-induced cell transformation related to the activation and/or inactivation of cancer-related genes resulting from gene amplification and/or point mutations were investigated. Gene amplification was determined by Southern blot analysis of K-ras, H-ras, c-myc, and c-fos proto-oncogenes. Mutational spectra of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the K-ras proto-oncogene were characterized by single-stranded conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Southern blot analysis showed that gene amplification was found in 56% (K-ras and c-myc), 67% (c-fos), and 100% (H-ras) of glass fiber-transformed cell lines. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that both transition and transversion mutations occurred and were concentrated in exon 2 of K-ras and exon 4 of p53. In addition, multiple mutations in different codons were found in K-ras and p53. These results suggest that (1) glass fiber-induced cell transformation could be attributed to the activation of the H-ras, K-ras, c-myc, and c-fos proto-oncogenes and/or the inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene by gene amplification and/or point mutations and (2) multiple mutations might be due to genomic instability resulting from chromosomal alterations induced by glass fibers. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Gao, H-G AU - Zhou, G AU - Ong, T AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 397 EP - 404 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Gene amplification KW - Point mutation KW - Glass KW - Proto-oncogenes KW - Cancer KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Genetic+alterations+of+cancer-related+genes+in+glass+fiber-induced+transformed+cells&rft.au=Whong%2C+W-Z%3BGao%2C+H-G%3BZhou%2C+G%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whong&rft.aufirst=W-Z&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glass; Fibers; Cancer; Proto-oncogenes; Point mutation; Gene amplification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Halogenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A class of genotoxic environmental pollutants AN - 17432868; 4653673 AB - Halogenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (halo-PAHs) are a class of compounds with one or more halogen substituents attached to the aromatic rings of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The interest in halo-PAH compounds stems from their chemistry, including synthesis, reactions, properties, and utilization. The structures and names of representative halo-PAHs are given. In this review, the environmental occurrence, the metabolic activation leading to mutation and tumorigenicity, and structure-activity relationships of halo-PAHs are reviewed. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews AU - Fu, P P AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Chiu, Li-Hsueh AU - Own, Zang Yuan AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 71 EP - 109 VL - C17 IS - 2 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - structure-activity relationships KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Geochemistry KW - Genotoxicity KW - Environmental impact KW - Tumorigenicity KW - Chemical reactions KW - Reviews KW - Mutation KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Halogenated-polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%3A+A+class+of+genotoxic+environmental+pollutants&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BChiu%2C+Li-Hsueh%3BOwn%2C+Zang+Yuan&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=C17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Halogenated hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Genotoxicity; Mutation; Geochemistry; Chemical reactions; Environmental impact; Reviews; Polluted environments; Tumorigenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Pirfenidone on the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species In Vitro AN - 17428239; 4647631 AB - Pirfenidone is a newly developed antifibrotic drug that has been reported to retard the progression of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin and cyclophosphamide in animal models of lung fibrosis. The present in vitro studies using noncellular and cellular systems evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of this drug. The Fenton reaction [Fe(II) + H sub(2)O sub(2) arrow right Fe(III) + super( times )OH + OH super(-)] and the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system were used as sources of hydroxyl ( super( times )OH) and superoxide anion (O sub(2) super( times -)) radicals, respectively. Electron spin resonance spin trapping was used for free radical detection and measurement. The reaction rate of pirfenidone with super( times )OH was found to be 1.63 x 10 super(10) M super(-1) s super(-1), which is comparable to several well-established antioxidants, such as ascorbate, glutathione, cysteine, azide, and lipoic acid. Compared to super( times )OH radicals, the O sub(2) super( times -) scavenging was less efficient 42.36 M super(-1) s super(-1) with pirfenidone. Pirfenidone was also effective in inhibiting zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence. In a noncellular model of lipid peroxidation, pirfenidone inhibited crystalline silica-induced lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of crystalline silica-induced cytotoxic reactions and lipid peroxidation combined with the efficient antioxidant properties of pirfenidone indicate that this agent may express its antifibrotic effects partly through its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Giri, S N AU - Leonard, S AU - Shi, X AU - Margolin, S B AU - Vallyathan, V AD - HELD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 169 EP - 177 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - in vitro KW - oxygen KW - pirfenidone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Free radicals KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - X 24117:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Pirfenidone+on+the+Generation+of+Reactive+Oxygen+Species+In+Vitro&rft.au=Giri%2C+S+N%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BShi%2C+X%3BMargolin%2C+S+B%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Giri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Free radicals; Lipid peroxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutamate Release from Chick Retina Explants in Response to Domoic Acid AN - 17416391; 4641384 AB - Release of endogenous glutamate (GLU) evoked by an exogenous excitotoxin such as kainate can contribute to central nervous system (CNS) excitotoxicity. In this study, the possibility that this mechanism accounts for reported domoic acid (DOM) toxicity was investigated using the isolated chick retina. Exposing retinas to 0-100 mu M DOM for 40 min caused an increased efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and a dose-related release of GLU into the incubation medium. Neuronal damage following exposure to DOM was confirmed by histologic examination of the retina. DOM-induced GLU release occurred at 27 and 37 degree C and was more pronounced in medium containing a low calcium concentration (0.1 mM). In contrast, K super(+) evoked GLU release occurred only at 37 degree C in 2 mM calcium, but not at 27 degree C. DOM-induced GLU release was reduced in hyperosmolar medium (medium + 100 mM sucrose). Similar to GLU release, the LDH release occurred at both 27 and 37 degree C and was reduced in hyperosmolar medium. These results suggest that an increase in membrane permeability secondary to osmotic swelling and lysis rather than a calcium-dependent vesicular exocytosis mechanism is responsible for GLU and LDH release. GYKI 52466, a selective noncompetitive antagonist of the non-NMDA receptor, prevented neuronal degeneration and GLU/LDH release. MK-801, a highly potent noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker, reduced neuronal injury (33% decrease in LDH release), but did not reduce DOM-evoked GLU release significantly. Typical excitotoxic lesions were produced at all concentrations tested, with amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer being the most severely affected. Released GLU contributed to further excitotoxic injury, exacerbating the neurotoxic action of DOM in isolated embryonic chick retina. JF - In Vitro & Molecular Toxicology AU - Nduaka, C I AU - Taylor, R E AU - Green, S AU - Flynn, T AU - Sathyamoorthy, V AU - Sprando, R L AU - Johannessen, J N AD - FDA/CFSAN, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, jnj@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 173 EP - 182 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1097-9336, 1097-9336 KW - chickens KW - domoic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Retina KW - Glutamic acid KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Glutamate+Release+from+Chick+Retina+Explants+in+Response+to+Domoic+Acid&rft.au=Nduaka%2C+C+I%3BTaylor%2C+R+E%3BGreen%2C+S%3BFlynn%2C+T%3BSathyamoorthy%2C+V%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BJohannessen%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Nduaka&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.issn=10979336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glutamic acid; Retina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of a highly virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice of differing susceptibility to tuberculous challenge AN - 17412876; 4641091 AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain CDC 1551 exhibited unusually high levels of infectivity and virulence during a recent outbreak of tuberculosis in a rural community. Mice infected intravenously or aerogenically with M. tuberculosis CDC 1551 developed infections in the lungs and spleen which were almost identical with those for M. tuberculosis strains Erdman, H37Rv and Indian. There was also no significant difference in the survival rates of mice infected intravenously with CDC 1551, Erdman or H37Rv over a 3-month period. Studies designed to detect differences in the growth rates of CDC 1551 and Erdman in 3 inbred strains of mice failed to explain the high level of infectiousness and virulence expressed by CDC 1551 in human populations exposed to this organism. JF - Tubercle and Lung Disease AU - Kelley, CL AU - Collins, F M AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Building 29, Room 505, CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 367 EP - 370 VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 0962-8479, 0962-8479 KW - mice KW - strain differences KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Lung KW - Spleen KW - Tuberculosis KW - Disease resistance KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17412876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Growth+of+a+highly+virulent+strain+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+in+mice+of+differing+susceptibility+to+tuberculous+challenge&rft.au=Kelley%2C+CL%3BCollins%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=09628479&rft_id=info:doi/10.1054%2Ftuld.1999.0214 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Spleen; Disease resistance; Tuberculosis; Lung; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/tuld.1999.0214 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Analysis of In Vivo Mutations Induced by N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea in the Autosomal Tk and the X-Linked Hprt Genes of Mouse Lymphocytes AN - 17400422; 4606437 AB - The endogenous, autosomal Tk gene is a potentially useful reporter of in vivo mutation since it may recover a wider range of mutational events than the X-linked Hprt gene or bacterial transgenes. In this study, we characterized mutations produced in the Tk gene of Tk super(+/-) mice and compared them with mutations induced in the Hprt gene. Treatment of Tk super(+/-) mice with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) resulted in dose-related increases in Tk mutants, as measured by the frequency of 5-bromodeoxyuridine-resistant (BrdUrd super(r)) spleen lymphocytes. ENU-induced mutant frequencies in the Hprt gene, determined by measuring 6-thioguanine-resistant (TG super(r)) lymphocytes, were similar to the Tk mutant frequencies. Allele-specific PCR of DNA from BrdUrd super(r) lymphocyte clones suggested that 35% of clones from mice treated with ENU and 65% of clones from untreated animals had loss of heterozy-gosity (LOH) of the Tk gene due to deletion of the functional Tk allele. Reverse transcriptase-PCR/sequencing analysis of BrdUrd super(r) and TG super(r) clones from ENU-treated mice indicated that point mutations in both genes predominantly occurred at A:T basepairs; however, A:T arrow right G:C transition was the most common mutation in the Tk gene, while A:T arrow right T:A transversion was the most frequent mutation in the Hprt gene. Substitution at A:T basepairs in the Hprt gene occurred disproportionately with the mutated dT on the nontranscribed DNA strand, while this strand bias for mutation was not seen in the Tk gene. The results indicate that the specificity of ENU-induced point mutation differs between the two endogenous genes and that the autosomal Tk gene of Tk super(+/-) mice is capable of recovering mutations caused by LOH. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Chen, Tao AU - Heflich, R H AD - HFT-120, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, vdobrovolsky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 30 EP - 38 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 8093-6692, 8093-6692 KW - mice KW - Hprt gene KW - Tk gene KW - double prime tk gene KW - hprt gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - tk gene KW - N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Point mutation KW - Mutant frequency KW - Lymphocytes KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Molecular+Analysis+of+In+Vivo+Mutations+Induced+by+N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea+in+the+Autosomal+Tk+and+the+X-Linked+Hprt+Genes+of+Mouse+Lymphocytes&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BChen%2C+Tao%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=80936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea; Point mutation; Mutant frequency; Lymphocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postantibiotic effect of ampicillin/sulbactam against mycobacteria AN - 17381704; 4609158 AB - The postantibiotic effect (PAE) is an important pharmacodynamic property of antibiotics. Most drugs continue to exert a suppressive effect on the growth of bacteria, both in vitro and in vivo, even after the drug concentrations have fallen below detectable levels. Only limited information is available on the PAE of slow-growing organisms like mycobacteria. The PAE of ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn super(R)) was investigated against six species of mycobacteria, viz Mycobacterium avium, M. africanum, M. bovis BCG, M. simiae, M. scrofulaceum and M. tuberculosis H37Ra, by spectrophotometry. The cell counter method was also used in one set of experiments. The bacteria were exposed to ampicillin/sulbactam for 2 h, 24 h, 72 h or 7-10 days. Five concentrations, 5, 10, 50 or 100 mu g/ml, of the drug were tested. Afterwards, the bacteria were washed free of Unasyn super(R) and allowed to multiply. Treatment of the mycobacteria for 2 h did not produce any PAE, although 100 mu g/ml of the drug caused slower growth. Exposure to 50, 60, or 100 mu g/ml, resulted in a prolonged PAE of similar to 3 days. The data on the PAE of Unasyn super(R) may be of clinical relevance in determining dosage regimens of the drug. JF - Microbios AU - Prabhakaran, K AU - Harris, E B AU - Randhawa, B AD - GWL Hansen's Disease Center at Louisiana State University US Public Health Service, PO Box 25072, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70894-2059, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 113 EP - 122 VL - 99 IS - 393 SN - 0026-2633, 0026-2633 KW - Post-antibiotic effect KW - Postantibiotic effect KW - sulbactam KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium KW - Ampicillin KW - J 02781:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - A 01074:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17381704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbios&rft.atitle=Postantibiotic+effect+of+ampicillin%2Fsulbactam+against+mycobacteria&rft.au=Prabhakaran%2C+K%3BHarris%2C+E+B%3BRandhawa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Prabhakaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=393&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbios&rft.issn=00262633&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Ampicillin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propelling novel vaccines directed against tuberculosis through the regulatory process AN - 17378469; 4590368 AB - The development of novel vaccines for use in the prevention and immunotherapy of tuberculosis is an area of intense interest for scientific researchers, public health agencies and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Development of effective anti-tuberculosis vaccines for use in specific target populations will require close cooperation among several different international organizations including agencies responsible for evaluating the safety and effectiveness of new biologics for human use. In this review, the major issues that are addressed by regulatory agencies to ensure that vaccines are pure, potent, safe, and effective are discussed. It is hoped that the comments provided here will help accelerate the development of new effective vaccines for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. JF - Tubercle and Lung Disease AU - Brennan, MJ AU - Collins, F M AU - Morris, S L AD - CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike (HFM-431), Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA, Brennan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 145 EP - 151 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0962-8479, 0962-8479 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Safety regulations KW - Government policy KW - Tuberculosis KW - Vaccines KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Propelling+novel+vaccines+directed+against+tuberculosis+through+the+regulatory+process&rft.au=Brennan%2C+MJ%3BCollins%2C+F+M%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=09628479&rft_id=info:doi/10.1054%2Ftuld.1998.0199 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Government policy; Tuberculosis; Safety regulations; Vaccines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/tuld.1998.0199 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential sensitivities of spermatogonial and postspermatogonial cell stages of the mouse to induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by ethyl- and methyl-nitrosourea AN - 17339329; 4620343 AB - An autoradiographic procedure was used to measure unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS, DNA repair synthesis) in spermatogonial and postspermatogonial cell stages of mice after treatment with two doses of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Significant levels of UDS were measured in type A spermatogonia, meiotic spermatocytes, round spermatids, and early elongating spermatids but not in mature spermatids. The extent of UDS varied according to the germ cell stage and the dose. At equimolar concentrations, MNU was more efficient than ENU in eliciting a UDS response in all germ cells. After ENU treatment, type A spermatogonia showed the highest UDS response, while round and elongating spermatids showed the lowest. After MNU treatment, pachytene spermatocytes exhibited the highest UDS response while type A spermatogonia showed the lowest. The high UDS response of type A spermatogonia to ENU parallels the well-known high mutational sensitivity of spermatogonia to this chemical. Similarly, the high UDS response observed in meiotic spermatocytes and early spermatid stages after MNU treatment correlates with the high mutational sensitivity of postspermatogonial stages to MNU. Thus, the present results, like the specific locus mutation studies, indicate that ENU and MNU each has a unique effect on the spermatogenic cells. This effect is likely due to the different mechanism of action of ENU and MNU at the level of DNA and also to the physiological differences between different germ-cell stages. JF - Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Ehling, U H AU - Sega, G A AD - Food and Drug Administration (HFS-509), MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA, res@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 339 EP - 351 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - germ cells KW - mice KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea KW - N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea KW - DNA repair KW - Spermatogenesis KW - DNA damage KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds KW - N 14653:Effect of antibiotics, antimetabolites & mutagens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17339329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Differential+sensitivities+of+spermatogonial+and+postspermatogonial+cell+stages+of+the+mouse+to+induction+of+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis+by+ethyl-+and+methyl-nitrosourea&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BEhling%2C+U+H%3BSega%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-6866%281999%2919%3A53.0.CO%3B2-O LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA repair; DNA damage; N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea; N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea; Spermatogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1999)19:5<339::AID-TCM4>3.0.CO;2-O ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases: A model for overcoming barriers between managed care and public health AN - 17333692; 4606982 AB - The growth of managed care has spurred re-evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of public health agencies and private health plans for providing public health services. Although rates of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States are the highest in the developed world, many clinicians and managed care organizations are not systematically providing high-quality, comprehensive STD-related services to their patients and the community. The objective was to examine issues around managed care and STD prevention as a model for overcoming barriers that impede managed care organizations from providing comprehensive public health services and collaborating with health agencies. Representatives from 18 health plans, 10 public health agencies, 6 academic institutions, 1 purchasing coalition, and 5 other health organizations participated. Major obstacles include: turnover and heterogeneity in the health care system; deficiencies in clinical knowledge and skills; differences in organizational culture and language; low priority of STDs; inadequate public health surveillance data and performance measures; confidentiality concerns; and lack of coverage for sex partners. Potential approaches for addressing these barriers include: requiring that STD-related services be covered by Medicaid managed care programs; implementing performance measures; requiring collaborative activities; promoting education of and outreach to stakehdders; funding of pilot projects; and researching the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of STD-related services for various populations. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Eng, T R AD - Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence Ave., SW, Room 738G, Washington, DC 20201, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 60 EP - 69 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - USA KW - managed care KW - sexually transmitted diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Health care KW - Economics KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17333692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+sexually+transmitted+diseases%3A+A+model+for+overcoming+barriers+between+managed+care+and+public+health&rft.au=Eng%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Eng&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900090-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Health care; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00090-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Behavioral Toxicology Society, 1998 AN - 17297202; 4566373 AB - The Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Behavioral Toxicology Society (BTS), sponsored by Elsevier Science, Inc. and The National Center for Toxicological Research, was held at the Marriott Hotel in Research Triangle Park, May 2-3, 1998. Symposia entitled "The Use of Timing Behaviors in Animals and Humans to Detect Drug and/or Toxicant Effects" and "Behavioral Toxicology in Safety Evaluation and Hazard Identification: Current Status and Future Needs" were accompanied by the society's traditional platform sessions, an added poster session, and the annual banquet and business meeting. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Paule, M G AD - Behavioral Toxicology Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 199 EP - 200 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - behavioral toxicology KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Behavior KW - Conferences KW - Toxicants KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Drugs KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+Seventeenth+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Behavioral+Toxicology+Society%2C+1998&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0892-0362%2898%2900046-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicants; Drugs; Pharmaceuticals; Conferences; Behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-0362(98)00046-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of skin viability assays for in vitro skin absorption/metabolism studies AN - 17296570; 4570488 AB - Often the receptor fluid used in an in vitro percutaneous absorption or metabolism study should preserve skin viability. Verification of skin viability is often required. N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered Hanks' balanced salt solution (HHBSS) has been shown to maintain skin viability for at least 24 h in a flow-through diffusion cell. Sometimes HHBSS is supplemented with 4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) to facilitate partitioning of lipophilic compounds into this receptor fluid. The rate of lactate appearance in the receptor fluid (after formation in skin) is normally a good indicator of skin viability. However, BSA has been found to interfere with the measurement of lactate formation. The micromoles of lactate formed per hour by hairless guinea pig (HGP) skin was reduced approximately 40% at the end of a 24-h study by inclusion of BSA in the receptor fluid. Therefore, the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was adapted to determine skin viability. Some loss of MTT reduction to formazan was observed after 24-h perfusion of HGP and fuzzy rat skin in diffusion cells. However, no loss of this activity occurred in studies with human skin. Importantly, viability determinations with the MTT assay were unaffected by the addition of BSA to the receptor fluid. JF - In Vitro & Molecular Toxicology AU - Hood, H L AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Food and Drug Administration, Office of Cosmetics and Colors, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 3 EP - 9 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1097-9336, 1097-9336 KW - absorption KW - metabolism KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Skin KW - Bioassays KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17296570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+skin+viability+assays+for+in+vitro+skin+absorption%2Fmetabolism+studies&rft.au=Hood%2C+H+L%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.issn=10979336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Toxicity testing; Skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal Patterns of DNA Adduct Formation and Glutathione S-Transferase Activity in the Testes of Rats Fed Aflatoxin B sub(1): A Comparison with Patterns in the Liver AN - 17269923; 4572727 AB - Fisher-344 male rats were fed 1.6 ppm of aflatoxin B sub(1) (AFB sub(1)) continuously and intermittently for several weeks. At various time periods, DNA was isolated from the testes and livers and analyzed for AFB sub(1)-DNA adducts. The ability of the testis to detoxify AFB sub(1) was also investigated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity assay and compared with that of the liver. The levels of testicular AFB sub(1)-DNA adducts were 2.4 to 8.1 times lower than those of the liver after 4 to 16 weeks of continuous treatment and 2.2 to 46.2 times lower after 8 to 20 weeks of intermittent treatment. The testicular DNA adducts markedly decreased over time. By 16 weeks of continuous and 20 weeks of intermittent exposure, they had decreased 37 and 91%, respectively. In contrast, hepatic AFB sub(1)-DNA adducts increased four-fold from 4 to 16 weeks of continuous treatment but increased at a much slower rate after intermittent exposure. In both the liver and testis, significant levels of AFB sub(1)-DNA adducts persisted for at least 1 month after ending the treatment, suggesting that this type of lesion was poorly repaired. In control rats, the testis showed significantly higher GST activity than the liver. In treated rats, these differences were significant during the first 12 weeks of continuous treatment but not at later times. Tissue-specific differences such as germ-cell depletion and increased testicular detoxification may play an important role in the observed differential pattern of DNA adduct formation between the testis and liver. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Sahu, S AU - Washington, M AU - Hinton, D M AU - Chou, M AD - Food and Drug Administration (HFS-509), MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, res@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 293 EP - 302 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 8093-6692, 8093-6692 KW - rats KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - DNA adducts KW - Aflatoxins KW - Glutathione transferase KW - Mycotoxins KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - N 14652:DNA repair UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17269923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Temporal+Patterns+of+DNA+Adduct+Formation+and+Glutathione+S-Transferase+Activity+in+the+Testes+of+Rats+Fed+Aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29%3A+A+Comparison+with+Patterns+in+the+Liver&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BSahu%2C+S%3BWashington%2C+M%3BHinton%2C+D+M%3BChou%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=80936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycotoxins; Glutathione transferase; Aflatoxins; DNA adducts; Aflatoxin B1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does Photosensitivity Predict Photococarcinogenicity? AN - 17261720; 4554405 AB - Assessment of short-term and long-term effects of light (phototesting) is part of the safety evaluation of drugs. Results are incorporated into drug package inserts to advise patients and health care providers about the use of drug products on sun-exposed skin. We undertook an exhaustive literature search and a search of archived studies at the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in order to evaluate the potential of short-term photoassays to predict long-term effects of drugs used in sunlight (280-700 nm). The correlation between the findings from the photococarcinogenicity assays in mice that used exposure to simulated sunlight and those from photogenotoxicity and photosensitivity studies was examined. Results indicated that photosensitivity and photogenotoxicity assays did not necessarily predict effects in photococarcinogenicity studies in mice. Effects of drugs on skin that are not due to photoactivation of drug can be important factors in enhancement of UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Jacobs, A AU - Avalos, J AU - Brown, P AU - Wilkin, J AD - Division of Dermatologic and Dental Drug Products, HFD-540, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA, jacobsa@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 191 EP - 198 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - U.V. radiation KW - Skin KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Photosensitivity KW - Sunlight KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17261720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Does+Photosensitivity+Predict+Photococarcinogenicity%3F&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+A%3BAvalos%2C+J%3BBrown%2C+P%3BWilkin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photosensitivity; Sunlight; Carcinogenesis; Skin; U.V. radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal Dexamethasone on Day 7 Causes Mild Hyperactivity and Cerebellar Stunting AN - 17217245; 4501603 AB - To investigate the effects of glucocorticoid treatment on central nervous system development, rats were injected with dexamethasone (DEX) (1-3 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 3 or 7. DNA and protein content and concentration were measured in the cerebellum and hippocampus on PND 28 and 112. Whole and regional brain weights were measured at PND 28, 84, and 112. Nest odor preference (PND 10-11), open field activity (PND 18-21), running wheel activity (PND 50-56), and complex maze performance (PND 60-63) were measured in rats treated twice with 1.5 mg/kg DEX on PND 7. DEX treatment on PND 7 resulted in reductions in PND 28 whole brain and regional weights (frontal cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem) and, by PND 112, all except whole brain and cerebellar weights had recovered. A mild syndrome of hyperactivity (increased open field rearing and activity) was apparent in rats treated with DEX on PND 7. These results are discussed in terms of the developmental stage specificity in production of brain, and, specifically, cerebellar insults and their resulting effects. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Ferguson, SA AU - Holson, R R AD - HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 71 EP - 76 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - brain KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Dexamethasone KW - Cerebellum KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Behavior KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Hyperactivity KW - X 24115:Pathology KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17217245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Neonatal+Dexamethasone+on+Day+7+Causes+Mild+Hyperactivity+and+Cerebellar+Stunting&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+SA%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurotoxicity; Dexamethasone; Cerebellum; Glucocorticoids; Hyperactivity; Behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CpG motifs as immune adjuvants AN - 17111991; 4417595 AB - Bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory motifs that trigger an innate immune response characterized by the production of predominantly Th1-type cytokines. These motifs consist of an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines. We examined whether synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) expressing these motifs would act as adjuvants to boost the immune response to DNA- and protein-based immunogens. In vivo experiments demonstrate that CpG-containing oligos augment antigen-specific serum antibody levels by up to tenfold, and IFN gamma production by up to sixfold. These effects were optimized by physically linking the CpG-containing motifs to the immunogen. JF - Vaccine AU - Klinman, D M AU - Barnhart, K M AU - Conover, J AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Klinman@A1.CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 19 EP - 25 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - gamma -Interferon KW - dinucleotides KW - immunostimulatory motif KW - oligodeoxynucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Helper cells KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Adjuvants KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33360:Adjuvants and carriers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17111991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=CpG+motifs+as+immune+adjuvants&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BBarnhart%2C+K+M%3BConover%2C+J&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adjuvants; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Longitudinal Study of Stress, Alcohol, and Blood Pressure in Community-Based Samples of Blacks and Non-Blacks AN - 1474334578 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Russell, Marcia AU - Cooper, M Lynne AU - Frone, Michael R AU - Peirce, Robert S Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 299 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+Longitudinal+Study+of+Stress%2C+Alcohol%2C+and+Blood+Pressure+in+Community-Based+Samples+of+Blacks+and+Non-Blacks&rft.au=Russell%2C+Marcia%3BCooper%2C+M+Lynne%3BFrone%2C+Michael+R%3BPeirce%2C+Robert+S&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Marcia&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does Drinking Reduce Stress? AN - 1474334568 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Sayette, Michael A Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 250 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Does+Drinking+Reduce+Stress%3F&rft.au=Sayette%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Sayette&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does Urge To Drink Predict Relapse After Treatment? AN - 1474334561 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Rohsenow, Damaris J AU - Monti, Peter M Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 225 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Does+Urge+To+Drink+Predict+Relapse+After+Treatment%3F&rft.au=Rohsenow%2C+Damaris+J%3BMonti%2C+Peter+M&rft.aulast=Rohsenow&rft.aufirst=Damaris&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A New Title and a New Look AN - 1474334549 JF - Alcohol Research and Health Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+New+Title+and+a+New+Look&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Moderately and Pregnancy: Effects on Child Development AN - 1474334419 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Jacobson, Joseph L AU - Jacobson, Sandra W Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 25 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Drinking+Moderately+and+Pregnancy%3A+Effects+on+Child+Development&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Joseph+L%3BJacobson%2C+Sandra+W&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Aging, and the Stress Response AN - 1474334351 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Spencer, Robert L AU - Hutchison, Kent E Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 272 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Aging%2C+and+the+Stress+Response&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Robert+L%3BHutchison%2C+Kent+E&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moderate Drinking and Reduced Risk of Heart Disease AN - 1474321966 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Klatsky, Arthur L Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 15 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Moderate+Drinking+and+Reduced+Risk+of+Heart+Disease&rft.au=Klatsky%2C+Arthur+L&rft.aulast=Klatsky&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Concepts of Craving AN - 1474321874 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Tiffany, Stephen T Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 215 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Concepts+of+Craving&rft.au=Tiffany%2C+Stephen+T&rft.aulast=Tiffany&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaching Avoidance: A Step Essential to the Understanding of Craving AN - 1474321773 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Breiner, Mary Jo AU - Stritzke, Werner G K AU - Lang, Alan R Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 197 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Approaching+Avoidance%3A+A+Step+Essential+to+the+Understanding+of+Craving&rft.au=Breiner%2C+Mary+Jo%3BStritzke%2C+Werner+G+K%3BLang%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Breiner&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motivation for Change and Alcoholism Treatment AN - 1474321709 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - DiClemente, Carlo C AU - Bellino, Lori E AU - NEAVINS, TARA M Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 87 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Motivation+for+Change+and+Alcoholism+Treatment&rft.au=DiClemente%2C+Carlo+C%3BBellino%2C+Lori+E%3BNEAVINS%2C+TARA+M&rft.aulast=DiClemente&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Imaging of Craving AN - 1474321697 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Hommer, Daniel W Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 187 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Functional+Imaging+of+Craving&rft.au=Hommer%2C+Daniel+W&rft.aulast=Hommer&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Stress in Alcohol Use, Alcoholism Treatment, and Relapse AN - 1474321645 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Brady, Kathleen T AU - Sonne, Susan C Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 263 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Stress+in+Alcohol+Use%2C+Alcoholism+Treatment%2C+and+Relapse&rft.au=Brady%2C+Kathleen+T%3BSonne%2C+Susan+C&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Community-Reinforcement Approach AN - 1474321609 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Miller, William R AU - Meyers, Robert J AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 116 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=The+Community-Reinforcement+Approach&rft.au=Miller%2C+William+R%3BMeyers%2C+Robert+J%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Craving for Alcohol AN - 1474321510 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Drobes, David J AU - Thomas, Suzanne E Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 179 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Assessing+Craving+for+Alcohol&rft.au=Drobes%2C+David+J%3BThomas%2C+Suzanne+E&rft.aulast=Drobes&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inducing Craving for Alcohol in the Laboratory AN - 1474321474 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Litt, Mark D AU - Cooney, Ned L Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 174 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Inducing+Craving+for+Alcohol+in+the+Laboratory&rft.au=Litt%2C+Mark+D%3BCooney%2C+Ned+L&rft.aulast=Litt&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Models of Craving AN - 1474321409 JF - Alcohol Research and Health Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 233 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Animal+Models+of+Craving&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender Differences in Moderate Drinking Effects AN - 1474321327 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Mumenthaler, Martin S AU - Taylor, Joy L AU - HARA, RUTH O' AU - Yesavage, Jerome A Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 55 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Gender+Differences+in+Moderate+Drinking+Effects&rft.au=Mumenthaler%2C+Martin+S%3BTaylor%2C+Joy+L%3BHARA%2C+RUTH+O%27%3BYesavage%2C+Jerome+A&rft.aulast=Mumenthaler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can Your Children Drive You To Drink? Stress and Parenting in Adults Interacting With Children With ADHD AN - 1474321303 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Pelham, William E AU - Lang, Alan R Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 292 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Can+Your+Children+Drive+You+To+Drink%3F+Stress+and+Parenting+in+Adults+Interacting+With+Children+With+ADHD&rft.au=Pelham%2C+William+E%3BLang%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Pelham&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treating Problem Drinking AN - 1474321217 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Walitzer, Kimberly S AU - Connors, Gerard J Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 138 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Treating+Problem+Drinking&rft.au=Walitzer%2C+Kimberly+S%3BConnors%2C+Gerard+J&rft.aulast=Walitzer&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relapse Prevention: An Overview of Marlatt's Cognitive-Behavioral Model AN - 1474317754 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Larimer, Mary E AU - Palmer, Rebekka S AU - Marlatt, G Alan Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 151 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Relapse+Prevention%3A+An+Overview+of+Marlatt%27s+Cognitive-Behavioral+Model&rft.au=Larimer%2C+Mary+E%3BPalmer%2C+Rebekka+S%3BMarlatt%2C+G+Alan&rft.aulast=Larimer&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive-Behavioral Coping-Skills Therapy for Alcohol Dependence: Current Status and Future Directions AN - 1474317717 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Longabaugh, Richard AU - Morgenstern, Jon Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 78 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Cognitive-Behavioral+Coping-Skills+Therapy+for+Alcohol+Dependence%3A+Current+Status+and+Future+Directions&rft.au=Longabaugh%2C+Richard%3BMorgenstern%2C+Jon&rft.aulast=Longabaugh&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coping-Skills Training and Cue-Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Alcoholism AN - 1474317688 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Monti, Peter M AU - Rohsenow, Damaris J Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 107 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Coping-Skills+Training+and+Cue-Exposure+Therapy+in+the+Treatment+of+Alcoholism&rft.au=Monti%2C+Peter+M%3BRohsenow%2C+Damaris+J&rft.aulast=Monti&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Uncontrollable Trauma in the Development of PTSD and Alcohol Addiction AN - 1474317640 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Volpicelli, Joseph AU - Balaraman, Geetha AU - Hahn, Julie AU - Wallace, Heather AU - Bux, Donald Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 256 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Uncontrollable+Trauma+in+the+Development+of+PTSD+and+Alcohol+Addiction&rft.au=Volpicelli%2C+Joseph%3BBalaraman%2C+Geetha%3BHahn%2C+Julie%3BWallace%2C+Heather%3BBux%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Volpicelli&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding Stress: Characteristics and Caveats AN - 1474317598 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Anisman, Hymie AU - Merali, Zul Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 241 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Understanding+Stress%3A+Characteristics+and+Caveats&rft.au=Anisman%2C+Hymie%3BMerali%2C+Zul&rft.aulast=Anisman&rft.aufirst=Hymie&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Is Craving? Models and Implications for Treatment AN - 1474317588 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Anton, Raymond F Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 165 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=What+Is+Craving%3F+Models+and+Implications+for+Treatment&rft.au=Anton%2C+Raymond+F&rft.aulast=Anton&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medications To Treat Alcoholism AN - 1474317531 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Johnson, Bankole A AU - Ait-Daoud, Nassima Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 99 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Medications+To+Treat+Alcoholism&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Bankole+A%3BAit-Daoud%2C+Nassima&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Bankole&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medications and Alcohol Craving AN - 1474317514 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Swift, Robert M Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 207 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Medications+and+Alcohol+Craving&rft.au=Swift%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Professional Interventions That Facilitate 12-Step Self-Help Group Involvement AN - 1474317284 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Humphreys, Keith Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 93 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Professional+Interventions+That+Facilitate+12-Step+Self-Help+Group+Involvement&rft.au=Humphreys%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholism Treatment in the United States: An Overview AN - 1474317259 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Fuller, Richard K AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 69 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Alcoholism+Treatment+in+the+United+States%3A+An+Overview&rft.au=Fuller%2C+Richard+K%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing Impaired Driving AN - 1474317145 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Hingson, Ralph W AU - Heeren, Timothy AU - Winter, Michael R Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 31 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Preventing+Impaired+Driving&rft.au=Hingson%2C+Ralph+W%3BHeeren%2C+Timothy%3BWinter%2C+Michael+R&rft.aulast=Hingson&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brief Intervention in Primary Care Settings: A Primary Treatment Method for At-Risk, Problem, and Dependent Drinkers AN - 1474317114 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Fleming, Michael AU - Manwell, Linda Baier Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 128 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Brief+Intervention+in+Primary+Care+Settings%3A+A+Primary+Treatment+Method+for+At-Risk%2C+Problem%2C+and+Dependent+Drinkers&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Michael%3BManwell%2C+Linda+Baier&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Is Moderate Drinking? Defining "Drinks" and Drinking Levels AN - 1474317092 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Dufour, Mary C Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=What+Is+Moderate+Drinking%3F+Defining+%22Drinks%22+and+Drinking+Levels&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work Stress and Alcohol Use AN - 1474316951 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Frone, Michael R Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 284 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Work+Stress+and+Alcohol+Use&rft.au=Frone%2C+Michael+R&rft.aulast=Frone&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contingency Management: Incentives for Sobriety AN - 1474316949 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Higgins, Stephen T AU - Petry, Nancy M Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 122 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Contingency+Management%3A+Incentives+for+Sobriety&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Stephen+T%3BPetry%2C+Nancy+M&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Dependent Patients With Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders AN - 1474316906 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Modesto-Lowe, Vania AU - Kranzler, Henry R Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 144 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+and+Treatment+of+Alcohol-Dependent+Patients+With+Comorbid+Psychiatric+Disorders&rft.au=Modesto-Lowe%2C+Vania%3BKranzler%2C+Henry+R&rft.aulast=Modesto-Lowe&rft.aufirst=Vania&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Medication Interactions AN - 1474316837 JF - Alcohol Research and Health AU - Weathermon, Ron AU - Crabb, David W Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 40 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1535-7414 KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Medication+Interactions&rft.au=Weathermon%2C+Ron%3BCrabb%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=Weathermon&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Research+and+Health&rft.issn=15357414&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically-based dose-response model for neurotoxicity risk assessment. AN - 69169244; 10022291 AB - Domoic acid is a tricarboxylic amino acid that is structurally-related to kainic acid and glutamic acid. It is produced by phytoplankton that may contaminate seafood. To determine domoate's toxicological effects and their pathogenesis, cynomolgus monkeys were dosed intravenously at one of a range of bolus doses from 0.25 to 4.0 mg/kg. Histochemical staining, using silver methods, revealed degenerating axons and cell bodies. Doses in the range of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg produced a small area of silver grains restricted to axons of the hippocampal CA2 stratum lucidum, the most sensitive brain area identified. Quantitation of the abundance of these silver grains yielded continuous dose-response data. A four step quantitative risk estimation approach was used: (1) determination of a dose-response model; (2) determination of the distribution of measurements (variability) about the model; (3) determination of an adverse or abnormal level with the use of the control data; and (4) estimation of the probability that a measure is beyond the abnormal level as a function of dose. The currently used safety-factor (S-F) approach, the benchmark (BM) approach and this quantitative (Q) approach was used to assess the same data set. Assuming a 5% oral absorption of domoic acid, acceptable doses would be achieved if subjects ate 200 g of seafood containing 12, 6 and 10 ppm domoic acid for the S-F, BM and Q approaches, respectively. This quantitative approach uses all the available data, takes into account the variability of the data and provides an actual risk at a given dose of domoic acid. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Slikker, W AU - Scallet, A C AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. wslikker@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 429 EP - 433 VL - 102-103 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Female KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69169244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Biologically-based+dose-response+model+for+neurotoxicity+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges in application of new approaches to carcinogenicity testing for pharmaceuticals. AN - 69167075; 10022314 AB - Both evolutionary and revolutionary changes in testing and evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals have recently been embodied into guidances generated under the auspices of the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). These have formally been implemented and have changed the acceptable approaches available to industry and the evaluation necessary by regulatory authorities. The guidances increase flexibility, obligating industry and regulatory authorities to use more scientific, evidence-based decision making in their processes. The changes are anticipated to significantly improve the relevance of the assessment of carcinogenic risk for humans. The increased flexibility, the numerous decision points, the lack of comprehensive direction in the guidances, and the need for scientific justification of the testing approach, however, have led to confusion and occasional disagreement on appropriate test strategies for specific drugs. To address this problem in the United States, CDER engages in dialogue with industry to reach agreement on approach and dose selection prior to initiation of pivotal studies. Internationally, however, agreement on test approaches will only be achieved by broader communication between regulatory authorities that also involves industry. JF - Toxicology letters AU - DeGeorge, J AD - Office of Review Management, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 565 EP - 568 VL - 102-103 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69167075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Challenges+in+application+of+new+approaches+to+carcinogenicity+testing+for+pharmaceuticals.&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What are the prospects for regulation in immunotoxicology? AN - 69167003; 10022264 AB - Evaluating the immunotoxic potential of investigational new drugs is a standard component of non-clinical safety assessment. Effects evaluated include the potential for drugs to induce hypersensitivity and/or autoimmune reactions or to produce unintended immunosuppression. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) is considering approaches for evaluating potential immunotoxicity. In particular, two methods are being examined for potential recommendation where indicated: immune cell phenotype determination and the murine local lymph node assay. Issues concerning immunotoxicology testing will be discussed. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Hastings, K L AD - Division of Special Pathogen and Immunologic Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. hastingsk@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 267 EP - 270 VL - 102-103 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypersensitivity, Delayed KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69167003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=What+are+the+prospects+for+regulation+in+immunotoxicology%3F&rft.au=Hastings%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Asbestos induces inflammatory cytokines in the lung through redox sensitive transcription factors AN - 17261797; 4564387 AB - Studies are summarized demonstrating that the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin IL-6 and IL-8, play a direct role in asbestos lung diseases and are produced by lung epithelial cells in direct response to the fibers. This response is controlled by changes in the cellular oxidative/state induced by iron present in the fiber through Fenton-type chemistry. As a result of this oxidative stress, the redox sensitive transcription factors, NF- Kappa B and NF-IL-6, which help regulate cytokine gene expression, are activated. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 271 EP - 275 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 102-103 IS - 1-3 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Asbestos KW - Lung KW - Transcription factors KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Inflammation KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17261797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Asbestos+induces+inflammatory+cytokines+in+the+lung+through+redox+sensitive+transcription+factors&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - PILOT TESTING OF NEUTRALIZATION/SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION OF VX AGENT AT NEWPORT CHEMICAL DEPOT, VERMILLION COUNTY, INDIANA. AN - 36408692; 7242 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a facility to pilot test the use of neutralization/supercritical water oxidation technology (SCWO) to dispose of VX agent stored at Newport Chemical Depot (NCD), located in western Indiana, are proposed. The 7,100-acre NCD, is located on the west central side of the state, constitutes one of nine Army depots at which chemical warfare agents and munitions are stored. The bulk agent stored at NCD constitutes approximately four percent of the total national stockpile, which must be destroyed by December 2007. Under Congressional mandate, the Army must consider the use of technologies other than high-temperature incineration to destroy this chemical warfare agent. A series of studies, initiated by the Army's Alternative Technologies Program and the Program Manager of Chemical Demilitarization, has recommended pilot testing of a chemical neutralization (i.e., hydrolysis) process followed by supercritical water oxidation as a possible method. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this final EIS. Activities undertaken during the nine-month testing period at NCD would include pumping the agent from one-ton containers into a holding tank, mixing the agent with a solution of sodium hydroxide and water near the boiling point, and treating the neutralized process effluent (hydrolysate) at an on-site super critical water oxidation unit. Effluent would be sent to the existing on-site sewage treatment plant and discharged into the Wabash River through the existing outfall. Hazardous wastes would be characterized, packaged, and shipped off-site to a permitted disposal facility. The processing facility would include a chemical demilitarization building, which would house the container cleanout and neutralization processes, the SCWO area, and associated support facilities. The site would lie west of the existing chemical agent storage building (Building 144). [POS]Pilot testing would demonstrate the feasibility of using the new technology to destroy bulk VX agent. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The preliminary risk analyses and accident assessments indicate that the proposed action could result in the accidental release of the VX agent; however, such accidents would have less severe consequences than those that might occur during continued storage of the agent at the Newport Depot. In the event of a worst-case accident during pilot testing, the potential number of off-site fatalities could reach 50, compared to 18,500 for accidents occurring during continued storage. The construction activities would disturb 50 to 80 acres and result in emissions from construction vehicles and increase levels of airborne dust. LEGAL MANDATES: Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-145), and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 98-0171D, Volume 22, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 980521, 317 pages, December 23, 1998 PY - 1998 KW - Defense Programs KW - Chemical Agents KW - Disposal KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Military Facilities (Army) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Munitions KW - Seismic Surveys KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife Surveys KW - Indiana KW - Newport Chemical Depot KW - Wabash River KW - Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Emission Standards KW - Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986, Compliance KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, NPDES Permits KW - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36408692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-12-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=PILOT+TESTING+OF+NEUTRALIZATION%2FSUPERCRITICAL+WATER+OXIDATION+OF+VX+AGENT+AT+NEWPORT+CHEMICAL+DEPOT%2C+VERMILLION+COUNTY%2C+INDIANA.&rft.title=PILOT+TESTING+OF+NEUTRALIZATION%2FSUPERCRITICAL+WATER+OXIDATION+OF+VX+AGENT+AT+NEWPORT+CHEMICAL+DEPOT%2C+VERMILLION+COUNTY%2C+INDIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 23, 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter jejuni in foods. AN - 69101892; 9861962 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Altekruse, S F AD - FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 1734 EP - 1735 VL - 213 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Gastroenteritis -- complications KW - Campylobacter Infections -- complications KW - Gastroenteritis -- etiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- drug effects KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69101892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+jejuni+in+foods.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in cattle in Great Britain. AN - 69100291; 9861960 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Hollinger, K AU - Wray, C AU - Evans, S AU - Pascoe, S AU - Chappell, S AU - Jones, Y AD - FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 1732 EP - 1733 VL - 213 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple KW - Disease Outbreaks -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69100291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Salmonella+Typhimurium+DT104+in+cattle+in+Great+Britain.&rft.au=Hollinger%2C+K%3BWray%2C+C%3BEvans%2C+S%3BPascoe%2C+S%3BChappell%2C+S%3BJones%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Hollinger&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The issues of residues and human health. AN - 69096684; 9861963 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Paige, C AD - FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 1735 EP - 1736 VL - 213 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Bronchodilator Agents KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Clenbuterol KW - XTZ6AXU7KN KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Clenbuterol -- adverse effects KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- adverse effects KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69096684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+issues+of+residues+and+human+health.&rft.au=Paige%2C+C&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The president's national food safety initiative. AN - 69095062; 9861964 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Miller, M A AU - Altekruse, S F AD - FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 1737 EP - 1739 VL - 213 IS - 12 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Incidence KW - Public Policy KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69095062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+president%27s+national+food+safety+initiative.&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+A%3BAltekruse%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and sequencing of a cDNA encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a fungus, Cunninghamella elegans and expression of the gene in Escherichia coli AN - 17135207; 4433950 AB - The fungus, Cunninghamella elegans has been widely used in bioremediation and microbial models of mammalian studies in many laboratories. Using the polymerase chain reaction to randomly amplify the insert directly from the single non-blue plaques of a C. elegans cDNA library, then partly sequencing and comparing with GenBank sequences, we have identified a clone which contains C. elegans 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene. The polymerase chain reaction product was cloned into a plasmid, pGEM-T Easy vector for full insert DNA sequencing. The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene (1458 bases) and the deduced protein sequence were determined from the insert DNA sequence. The gene was found by open reading frame analysis and confirmed by the alignment of the deduced protein sequence with other published 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase sequences. Several highly conserved regions were found for the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase sequences. The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene was subcloned and over-expressed in a plasmid-E. coli system (pQE30). The cell lysate of this clone has a very high 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Most of the recombinant protein in this system was formed as insoluble inclusion bodies, but soluble in high concentration of urea-buffer. Ni-NTA resin was used to purify the recombinant protein which showed 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. The recombinant protein has a predicted molecular size correlating with that revealed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The C. elegans 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was in a cluster with yeast' 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the phylogenetic tree. Bacterial 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and higher organisms' 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were found in different clusters. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Wang, R F AU - Khan, A A AU - Cao, W W AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological, Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1998/12/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 15 SP - 397 EP - 402 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 169 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase KW - cDNA KW - genes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17135207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+and+sequencing+of+a+cDNA+encoding+6-phosphogluconate+dehydrogenase+from+a+fungus%2C+Cunninghamella+elegans+and+expression+of+the+gene+in+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Wang%2C+R+F%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BCao%2C+W+W%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cunninghamella elegans; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating-related stimulation induces phosphorylation of dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 in progestin receptor-containing areas in the female rat brain. AN - 70062650; 9822772 AB - Vaginal-cervical stimulation induces a number of physiological and behavioral events, including the facilitation of mating behavior. Although the facilitation of one component of mating behavior, lordosis, by vaginal-cervical stimulation does not require the presence of progesterone, it appears to be mediated by neural progestin receptors. Abundant evidence suggests that dopamine may play a role in the neural circuitry activated by vaginal-cervical stimulation, including the mating-induced release of dopamine in progestin receptor-containing areas of the brain, changes in the activational state of progestin receptors because of dopamine D1 receptor stimulation, facilitation of lordosis by D1 receptor stimulation in estradiol-primed rats via progesterone-independent events, and D1 agonist-induced neuronal responses in progestin receptor-containing areas and cells. We tested the hypothesis that vaginal-cervical stimulation induces phosphorylation of dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32; Mr = 32,000), a protein phosphorylated predominantly in response to the stimulation of D1 receptors. At 9 d after ovariectomy, female rats were injected subcutaneously with a behaviorally effective dose of estradiol benzoate. At 48 hr later they received vaginal-cervical or control (perineal) stimulation, and they were perfused 1 hr later. Vaginal-cervical stimulation increased the number of cells expressing pDARPP-32 immunoreactivity by 92% in the medial preoptic nucleus, 134% in the caudal ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, 123% in the posterodorsal medial amygdala, and 103% in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These results suggest that some of the neuronal effects of vaginal-cervical stimulation, and perhaps other social or environmental stimuli, are mediated by phosphorylation of DARPP-32, perhaps via stimulation of D1 receptors, within progestin receptor-containing areas. JF - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience AU - Meredith, J M AU - Moffatt, C A AU - Auger, A P AU - Snyder, G L AU - Greengard, P AU - Blaustein, J D AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/12/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 01 SP - 10189 EP - 10195 VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 0270-6474, 0270-6474 KW - Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 KW - Receptors, Progesterone KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- analysis KW - Cervix Uteri -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Phosphorylation KW - Estradiol -- physiology KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- analysis KW - Female KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- analysis KW - Receptors, Progesterone -- physiology KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Copulation -- physiology KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70062650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Mating-related+stimulation+induces+phosphorylation+of+dopamine-+and+cyclic+AMP-regulated+phosphoprotein-32+in+progestin+receptor-containing+areas+in+the+female+rat+brain.&rft.au=Meredith%2C+J+M%3BMoffatt%2C+C+A%3BAuger%2C+A+P%3BSnyder%2C+G+L%3BGreengard%2C+P%3BBlaustein%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=10189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.issn=02706474&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational dermatitis causing days away from work in U.S. private industry, 1993. AN - 70061274; 9816414 AB - Occupational skin disease is an important cause of disability in the workplace. The aim of this report is to estimate the incidence of occupational dermatitis cases that causes days away from work and to characterize the cases. The Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses from the Bureau of Labor Statistics collects employer reports on work-related dermatitis. Descriptive data are collected on a sample of the cases that result in days away from work. Estimates of the number of cases and days away from work were calculated by industry, occupation, and exposure source. In 1993, there were an estimated 8,835 cases of occupational dermatitis, a rate of 1.12/10,000 workers. The largest number of cases was in health services, while the highest rate was in agricultural crops. The occupation with the largest number of cases was non-construction laborers. Cleaning/polishing agents caused the largest number of cases. Calcium hydroxide and oxides caused a median of nine days away from work. The survey data show that the effect of occupational dermatitis is substantial in the lives of workers. These descriptive data should be used to target interventions. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Burnett, C A AU - Lushniak, B D AU - McCarthy, W AU - Kaufman, J AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. CAB9@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 568 EP - 573 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Absenteeism KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70061274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+dermatitis+causing+days+away+from+work+in+U.S.+private+industry%2C+1993.&rft.au=Burnett%2C+C+A%3BLushniak%2C+B+D%3BMcCarthy%2C+W%3BKaufman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Astrocytosis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in brains of scrapie-infected hamsters. AN - 69245214; 10344795 AB - Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease in sheep and goats. Neuropathological examination shows astrocytosis. One issue is whether the astrocytosis seen in scrapie is a function of an increase in reactivity of individual cells, or whether there is actual replication of astrocytes. We used double-label immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to determine the mitotic state of cells and to confirm their identity as astrocytes. Brain sections from hamsters (strain LVG/LAK) infected with 139H or 263K scrapie isolates were examined. GFAP immunostaining was increased in astrocytes in most regions of the brains of scrapie-infected hamsters. These qualitative observations were confirmed by computerized image analysis quantification. A proportion of the hypertrophic astrocytes (0.5-10.8%, depending on specific location) were PCNA immunoreactive. The PCNA-immunopositive astrocytes were most frequently found in cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, subependymal areas, fimbria, caudate, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and dentate gyrus. Our results suggest that the astrocytosis seen in scrapie-infected animals is, at least in part, owing to actual replication of astrocytes in these animals. We hypothesize that the astrocytes may be an important locus for the disease process. JF - Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN AU - Ye, X AU - Scallet, A C AU - Kascsak, R J AU - Carp, R I AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 253 EP - 263 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0895-8696, 0895-8696 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Size KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Cell Nucleus -- chemistry KW - Hypertrophy -- pathology KW - Mitosis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Hypertrophy -- metabolism KW - Mesocricetus KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Scrapie -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- analysis KW - Astrocytes -- chemistry KW - Astrocytes -- pathology KW - Scrapie -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69245214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+molecular+neuroscience+%3A+MN&rft.atitle=Astrocytosis+and+proliferating+cell+nuclear+antigen+expression+in+brains+of+scrapie-infected+hamsters.&rft.au=Ye%2C+X%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BKascsak%2C+R+J%3BCarp%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+molecular+neuroscience+%3A+MN&rft.issn=08958696&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory action criteria for filth and other extraneous materials. III. Review of flies and foodborne enteric disease. AN - 69181297; 10049791 AB - Forty-seven species of flies have been reliably associated with filthy conditions that might allow the spread of foodborne pathogens. These are categorized as "filth flies." Of that 47, only 21 species represent a potential threat to human health as scientifically proven causative agents of foodborne myiasis or as carriers of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and other foodborne pathogens. These 21 species are categorized as "disease-causing flies" based on strict scientific criteria. The criteria are association with E. coli, Salmonella, AND Shigella; synanthropy; endophily; communicative behavior; attraction to both excrement and food products; and recognition by authorities as a potential health hazard. Within Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and other U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory frameworks, disease-causing flies are contributing factors to the spread of foodborne disease that require preventive and corrective actions as appropriate under Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures, Good Manufacturing Practices, or pest control programs. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Olsen, A R AD - Microanalytical Branch, HFS-315, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, Southwest, Washington, DC, 20204, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 199 EP - 211 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Myiasis -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Disease Vectors KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Quality Control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Diptera -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Diptera -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69181297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Regulatory+action+criteria+for+filth+and+other+extraneous+materials.+III.+Review+of+flies+and+foodborne+enteric+disease.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory cancer risk assessment based on a quick estimate of a benchmark dose derived from the maximum tolerated dose. AN - 69180206; 10049793 AB - The proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency carcinogen risk assessment guidelines employ a benchmark dose as a point of departure (POD) for low-dose risk assessment. If information on the carcinogenic mode of action for a chemical supports a nonlinear dose-response curve below the POD, a margin-of-exposure ratio between the POD and anticipated human exposure would be considered. The POD would be divided by uncertainty (safety) factors to arrive at a reference dose that is likely to produce no, or at most negligible, cancer risk for humans. If nonlinearity below the POD is not supported by sufficient evidence, then linear extrapolation from the incidence at the POD to zero would be used for low-dose cancer risk estimation. The carcinogen guidelines suggest that the lower 95% confidence limit on the dose estimated to produce an excess of tumors in 10% of the animals (LTD10) be used for the POD. Due to the relatively narrow range of doses in 2-year rodent bioassays and the limited range of statistically significant tumor incidence rates, the estimate of the LTD10 obtained from 2-year bioassays is constrained to a relatively narrow range of values. Because of this constraint, a simple, quick, and relatively precise determination of the LTD10 can be obtained by the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) divided by 7. All that is needed is a 90-day study to establish the MTD. It is shown that the LTD10 determined by this relatively easy procedure is generally within a factor of 10 of the LTD10 that would be estimated using tumor incidence rates from 2-year bioassays. Estimates of cancer potency from replicated 2-year bioassays, and hence estimates of cancer risk, have been show to vary by a factor of 4 around a median value. Thus, there may be little gain in precision of cancer risk estimates derived from a 2-year bioassay, compared to the estimate based on the MTD from a 90-day study. If the anticipated human exposure were estimated to be small relative to the MTD/7 = LTD10, there may be little value in conducting a chronic 2-year study in rodents because the estimate of cancer risk would be low regardless of the results of a 2-year bioassay. Linear extrapolation to a risk of less than 1 in 100,000 and use of an uncertainty factor, e.g., of 10,000, would give the same regulatory "safe dose." Linear extrapolation to a virtually safe dose associated with a cancer risk estimate of less than one in a million would be 10 times lower than the reference dose based on the LTD10/10,000. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Swirsky Gold, L AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 222 EP - 225 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Incidence KW - Models, Statistical KW - Benchmarking KW - Time Factors KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69180206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Regulatory+cancer+risk+assessment+based+on+a+quick+estimate+of+a+benchmark+dose+derived+from+the+maximum+tolerated+dose.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BSwirsky+Gold%2C+L&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of supermarket bagging using a wrist motion monitor. AN - 69166285; 9974233 AB - The supermarket industry has one of the highest numbers of repeated trauma illnesses. Checkout departments have a rate of musculoskeletal injuries 2 to 3 times higher than that of other supermarket departments. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the wrist motions required to bag groceries using a wrist motion monitor. The wrist motions included deviations, velocities, and accelerations for flexion-extension, radial-ulnar, and pronation-supination directions. The independent variables were handle type and object location. Objects with finger-thumb couplings required more extreme pronations, greater wrist velocities for pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist accelerations for pronation-supination deviations than did other objects. Objects with 10-cm hand couplings required more extreme flexion, larger ranges of movement for radial-ulnar deviations and pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist velocities in the radial-ulnar and pronation-supination directions than did 5-cm objects. The right and front locations required more extreme deviations than did the left and back locations. Because finger-thumb and 10-cm hand couplings require larger wrist deviations and greater velocities, these objects may pose a greater risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders to the bagger. Potential applications of this research include engineering design of grocery packaging and supermarket bagging workstations. JF - Human factors AU - Estill, C F AU - Kroemer, K H AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 624 EP - 632 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0018-7208, 0018-7208 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- etiology KW - Range of Motion, Articular KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Food Handling KW - Movement KW - Wrist Joint -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69166285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+factors&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+supermarket+bagging+using+a+wrist+motion+monitor.&rft.au=Estill%2C+C+F%3BKroemer%2C+K+H&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+factors&rft.issn=00187208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postprocess contamination of flexible pouches challenged by in situ immersion biotest. AN - 69113857; 9874342 AB - Packages were evaluated for leaks by determining microbial penetration through microchannels as a function of test organism concentration, location in a retort, and microchannel diameter and length. A flexible pouch was used in an in situ immersion biotest coupled with a state-of-the-art retort. Microchannel diameters of 10 to 661 microm with 3- and 6-mm lengths were created by placing tungsten wires in vacuum heat-sealed flexible pouches. After removing the wires, these pouches were subsequently heat processed under pressure. They were then biotested in cooling water containing 10(3) and 10(6) CFU of motile Enterobacter aerogenes per ml for 30 min and were dried immediately after manual unloading. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 3 days, they were visually examined for contamination. The high-temperature retorting process was shown to decrease microchannel diameters by an average of 20%. Generally, the smaller the microchannel diameter, the greater the percent shrinkage. Statistical analysis of the biotesting data showed that microchannel diameter and length had strong effects on microbial penetration (P < 0.01). Microbial concentration had a borderline significant effect (P < 0.05), but the effect of package location in the retort was not significant. At conservative conditions, such as a 3-mm microchannel length and a cooling water contamination level of 10(6) CFU/ml, the selected microorganism can penetrate microchannels with diameters as small as 7 microm. However, the minimum microchannel diameter for penetration could be as large as 46 microm at practical conditions of 6-mm microchannel length and contamination levels of 10(3) CFU/ml. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Song, Y S AU - Hargraves, W A AD - Division of Food Processing and Packaging, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. ysong@charlie.cns.iit.edu Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1644 EP - 1648 VL - 61 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Enterobacter -- growth & development KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Enterobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Water Microbiology KW - Quality Control KW - Food Packaging -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Packaging -- methods KW - Food Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69113857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Postprocess+contamination+of+flexible+pouches+challenged+by+in+situ+immersion+biotest.&rft.au=Song%2C+Y+S%3BHargraves%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal trends in coal workers' pneumoconiosis prevalence. Validating the National Coal Study results. AN - 69113268; 9871883 AB - Evidence from four successive rounds of the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis indicates diminishing prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) from 1969 to 1988. However, methodological inconsistencies across surveys have raised concerns. This study confirms the reported downward trend in CWP prevalence, utilizing a standardized methodological approach. A single team of three x-ray readers using the 1980 International Labour Office classification independently re-evaluated 3143 Appalachian-region cases to derive overall, tenure- and age-specific prevalences. Prevalence of small rounded opacities declined, with 12.7% in Round 1, 11.2% in Round 2, 3.0% in Round 3, and 3.9% in Round 4. These findings support the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's recommendation of a reduced exposure limit of 1 mg/m3 because the present coal dust standard does not sufficiently protect miners against adverse health effects over a working lifetime of exposures. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Goodwin, S AU - Attfield, M AD - Division of Respiratory Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1065 EP - 1071 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69113268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Temporal+trends+in+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis+prevalence.+Validating+the+National+Coal+Study+results.&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+S%3BAttfield%2C+M&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: Part II--Method comparison testing. AN - 69098790; 9866166 AB - This article, the second in a series of three, describes the method comparison testing portion of a study conducted to compare the fit factors from six quantitative fit-tests (QNFT) with a measure of a respirator wearer's actual exposure assessed by end-exhaled air analysis for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon-113) under the same conditions. The six QNFT methods were (1) continuous low flow, flush probe; (2) continuous high flow, deep probe (CHD); (3) exhalation valve discharge (EVD); (4) controlled negative pressure; (5) 10-minute Ambient Aerosol 1 (AA1); and (6) 30-minute Ambient Aerosol 2. The first three methods utilized corn oil and a forward light scattering photometer. The last two methods used the TSI Portacount. Respirators used in the study were both disposable and elastomeric organic vapor/high efficiency half-masks. The characterization equations from the preliminary research (described previously) were used to determine the actual exposure to Freon-113 during the method comparison testing. The fit factors resulting from the QNFT methods were then individually correlated with the Freon-113 exposures using the coefficient of determination, R2. The lowest R2 value, 0.20, was found with the EVD method. The highest R2 values, 0.81 and 0.78, were associated, respectively, with the CHD and AA1 methods. This study suggests that some QNFT methods may be used to estimate actual respirator performance under laboratory conditions. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Coffey, C C AU - Campbell, D L AU - Myers, W R AU - Zhuang, Z AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 862 EP - 870 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Equipment Failure KW - Materials Testing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69098790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+six+respirator+fit-test+methods+with+an+actual+measurement+of+exposure+in+a+simulated+health+care+environment%3A+Part+II--Method+comparison+testing.&rft.au=Coffey%2C+C+C%3BCampbell%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+W+R%3BZhuang%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for assessing the physical demands of manual lifting: a review and case study from warehousing. AN - 69095591; 9866167 AB - Assessment of the physical demands of potentially hazardous manual material handling (MMH) activities is fundamental to the prevention of disabilities from occupationally related low back pain, a problem costing the nation billions of dollars annually. Although there is a variety of ergonomic assessment methods available for assessing MMH activities, there is a lack of practical information to assist users in choosing the most appropriate assessment methods of a particular job. This article reviews currently available assessment methods and presents case study results of a physically demanding repetitive manual lifting job in two grocery warehouses. The case study will provide a framework for a comparison of the methods and a discussion of relevant application issues designed to assist users in selecting appropriate methods for assessing MMH jobs. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that all of the ergonomic methods were in agreement that the job of grocery selector has a high level of risk for low back pain. Differences between the methods were noted, however, that should be considered when choosing a specific method for a specific application. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Waters, T R AU - Putz-Anderson, V AU - Baron, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 871 EP - 881 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Anthropometry KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Low Back Pain -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Low Back Pain -- etiology KW - Psychophysics KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Lifting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69095591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Methods+for+assessing+the+physical+demands+of+manual+lifting%3A+a+review+and+case+study+from+warehousing.&rft.au=Waters%2C+T+R%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V%3BBaron%2C+S&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=871&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of work-related aviation fatalities in Alaska, 1990-94. AN - 69084565; 9856535 AB - Alaska, with less than one-half of 1% of the United States workforce, accounts for 9% of all occupational aviation fatalities nationally; 30% of all occupational fatalities in Alaska are related to aviation. To understand this high mortality, we investigated occupational aviation crashes to identify risk factors. Occupational aviation fatalities in Alaska during 1990-94 were examined using National Transportation Safety Board reports and merged with records from the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System. There were 876 aircraft crashes; 407 (46%) were work-related. Occupational crashes were 2.2 times (CI: 1.5, 3.2) more likely to result in fatalities than non-occupational crashes. Risk factors identified included poor weather conditions defined as Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). A crash during IMC was 5.3 times (CI: 3.5, 7.9) more likely to result in fatalities than crashes in other conditions. Of aircraft involved in fatal occupational incidents, 33% were not completely destroyed, allowing the potential for survivors. An estimated 30% reduction in fatalities could have occurred if current technology in occupant protection had been used. JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine AU - Garrett, L C AU - Conway, G A AU - Manwaring, J C AD - Alaska Field Station, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1131 EP - 1136 VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Weather KW - Occupational Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Aviation -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Accidents, Aviation -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Aviation -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69084565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+work-related+aviation+fatalities+in+Alaska%2C+1990-94.&rft.au=Garrett%2C+L+C%3BConway%2C+G+A%3BManwaring%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Family Guide to Systems of Care for Children with Mental Health Needs = Guia para la familia de "Systems of Care" para la salud mental de sus hijos. AN - 62381529; ED441205 AB - This bilingual (English-Spanish) guide is intended to assist parents and caregivers in seeking help for children with mental health problems. As part of the system of care, parents and caregivers need to work together to help the child in need. Caregivers and counselors can help families define their strengths, determine the things they want to change, and find the kind of help and support they need to reach their goals. Depending on the child's needs, help can be obtained from schools, health clinics, community mental health centers, social services, or the court system. Working with several providers can be a confusing and overwhelming experience, unless a partnership is formed with all those involved. This guide, written by families who have received help, serves to help parents and caregivers figure out the steps they need to take in seeking help. Each section explains what the parent needs to know, what questions to ask, what can be expected, and what can be done. A section is provided on finding services for the child, preparing for the referral visit, partnering with service providers, and Rights and Responsibilities. (JDM) AU - Dougherty, Janice AU - Harris, Pam AU - Hawes, Janet AU - Shepler, Rick AU - Tolin, Canice AU - Truman, Connie Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 37 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Spanish KW - Community Information Services KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Teachers KW - Student Problems KW - Referral KW - Mental Health KW - Bilingual Instructional Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62381529?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chartbook on children's insurance status: tabulations of the March 1998 Current Population Survey AN - 59787451; 2000-0100200 AB - Demographic and other characteristics of insured and uninsured children; 1997 data; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, December 1998. AU - Moyer, Gene Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Health conditions -- Statistics KW - Children -- Medical care -- Statistics KW - Health insurance -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59787451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suicide+%26+Life+-+Threatening+Behavior&rft.atitle=Dimensions+of+perfectionism%2C+hopelessness%2C+and+attempted+suicide+in+a+sample+of+alcoholics&rft.au=Hewitt%2C+Paul+L%3BNorton%2C+Ron%3BFlett%2C+Gordon+L%3BCallander%2C+Lois%3BCowan%2C+Tim&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suicide+%26+Life+-+Threatening+Behavior&rft.issn=03630234&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/98Chartbk/98-chtbk.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers AN - 17298141; 4536524 AB - This study assessed the health effects associated with occupational exposure to methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride among structural fumigation workers. A cross-sectional study of 123 structural fumigation workers and 120 referents in south Florida was conducted. Nerve conduction, vibration, neurobehavioral, visual, olfactory, and renal function testing was included. The median lifetime duration of methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride exposure among workers was 1.20 years and 2.85 years, respectively. Sulfuryl fluoride exposure over the year preceding examination was associated with significantly reduced performance on the Pattern Memory Test and on olfactory testing. In addition, fumigation workers had significantly reduced performance on the Santa Ana Dexterity Test of the dominant hand and a nonsignificantly higher prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome than did the referents. Occupational sulfuryl fluoride exposures may be associated with subclinical effects on the central nervous system, including effects on olfactory and some cognitive functions. However, no widespread pattern of cognitive deficits was observed. The peripheral nerve effects were likely caused by ergonomic stresses experienced by the fumigation workers. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Calvert, G M AU - Mueller, CA AU - Fajen, J M AU - Chrislip, D W AU - Russo, J AU - Briggle, T AU - Fleming, LE AU - Suruda, A J AU - Steenland, K AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1774 EP - 1780 VL - 88 IS - 12 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - central nervous system KW - cognitive ability KW - man KW - methyl bromide KW - peripheral nerves KW - sulfuryl fluoride KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Central nervous system KW - Fumigants KW - Pesticide applications KW - Vision KW - Occupational exposure KW - Agrochemicals KW - Cognitive ability KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Peripheral nerves KW - Olfaction KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17298141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+associated+with+sulfuryl+fluoride+and+methyl+bromide+exposure+among+structural+fumigation+workers&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BMueller%2C+CA%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BChrislip%2C+D+W%3BRusso%2C+J%3BBriggle%2C+T%3BFleming%2C+LE%3BSuruda%2C+A+J%3BSteenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vision; Fumigants; Occupational exposure; Neurotoxicity; Cognitive ability; Central nervous system; Agrochemicals; Olfaction; Peripheral nerves; Pesticide applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of Ambient Aerosol Test Procedures in ASAE Standard S525 AN - 17258146; 4558905 AB - In November 1997, the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) approved ASAE Standard S525. This standard provides performance specifications for environmental enclosures that are intended to protect operators from pesticide exposures during application. As part of ASAE Standard S525, optical particle counters and ambient aerosol are used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of these enclosures. This consensus standard specifies that the enclosure shall provide a 50:1 reduction in exposures for particles in a range of 2 to 4 mu m aerodynamic diameter. ASAE Standard S525 also states that the filters shall be at least 99% efficient for particles larger than 3 mu m. Data collection involves using two optical particle counters to measure aerosol concentrations inside and outside the cab during at least four different sessions. Statistical tests, specifically t-tests, are used to evaluate adherence to the standard. Because the test procedure can be complicated by aerosol generation in the cab, sophisticated judgment is needed before testing and data accumulation begin. The article's purpose is to review the basis for the ambient aerosol testing procedures, as specified in ASAE Standard S525, and to point out the standard's pitfalls. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Hall, R M AU - Reed, L D AU - Gibbons, D AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R5, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, wah2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 255 EP - 266 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Air sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - Aerosols KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pesticides KW - Standards KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17258146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Review+of+Ambient+Aerosol+Test+Procedures+in+ASAE+Standard+S525&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BHall%2C+R+M%3BReed%2C+L+D%3BGibbons%2C+D&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Standards; Pollution monitoring; Agrochemicals; Aerosols; Air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIOSH Perspective on Tractor-related Hazards AN - 17256248; 4558902 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) initiated a research-based prevention program in agricultural safety and health in 1990, and part of that program focuses on hazards associated with tractors. The program incorporates both intramural and extramural components and includes three principal elements: surveillance, research, and intervention. This program has improved the characterization of tractor-related hazards, increased knowledge about using roll-over protective structures (ROPS), and disseminated information as a strategy to prevent tractor-related injuries. NIOSH has identified machine-related injuries as a priority area, which includes preventing tractor-related injuries. In addition, the Department of Health and Human Services, of which NIOSH is a part, is considering a national objective to promote the installation of a ROPS on every tractor used in agricultural production. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Myers, M L AD - NIOSH, U.S. Public Health Service (retired), 1293 Berkeley Road, Avondale Estates, GA 30002, USA, melmyers3@aol.com Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 205 EP - 230 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Machinery KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17256248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=NIOSH+Perspective+on+Tractor-related+Hazards&rft.au=Myers%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Agriculture; Machinery; Occupational safety; Motor vehicles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing Microbial Hazards for Fresh Produce AN - 17252950; 4536587 AB - The Food and Drug Administration on October 26, 1998, announced the availability of a document entitled "Guidance for Industry--Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables." The guide identifies current areas of concern about microbial food safety hazards for fresh produce, the scientific basis for the concern, and good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good manufacturing practices (GMPs) for reducing the risk of microbial contamination. The premise of the guide is that prevention of microbial contamination is preferred over corrective actions once contamination has occurred. Here are examples of the recommendations included in the guide:. JF - Food Technology AU - Smith, MA AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 140 EP - 142 VL - 52 IS - 12 SN - 0015-6639, 0015-6639 KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Technology&rft.atitle=Minimizing+Microbial+Hazards+for+Fresh+Produce&rft.au=Smith%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Technology&rft.issn=00156639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food contamination; Risk assessment; Microbial contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust Using OSHA Compliance Data (1979-1995) AN - 17244732; 4524226 AB - The objective of this work was to estimate the percentage of workers by industry that are exposed to defined concentrations of respirable crystalline silica dust. An algorithm was used to estimate the percentage of total workers exposed to crystalline silica in 1993 at concentrations of at least 1, 2, 5, and 10 times the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of 0.05 mg/m super(3). Respirable crystalline silica air sampling data from regulatory compliance inspections performed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for the years 1979-1995, and recorded in the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) were used to estimate exposures. Therefore, this work does not include industries such as mining and agriculture that are not covered by OSHA. The estimates are stratified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. This work found that some of the highest respirable crystalline silica dust concentrations occurred in construction (masonry, heavy construction, and painting), iron and steel foundries (casting), and in metal services (sandblasting, grinding, or buffing of metal parts). It was found that 1.8% (13,800 workers) of the workers in SIC 174 - Masonry, Stonework, Tile Setting, and Plastering - were exposed to at least 10 times the NIOSH REL. For SIC 162 - Heavy Construction, Except Highway and Street Construction - this number is 1.3% (6,300 workers). SIC 172 - Painting and Paper Hanging - which includes construction workers involved in sandblasting was found to have 1.9% (3,000 workers) exposed to at least 10 times the NIOSH REL. The industry that was found to have the highest percentage of workers (6%) exposed to at least the NIOSH REL was the cut stone and stone products industry. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Linch, K D AU - Miller, W E AU - Althouse, R B AU - Groce, D W AU - Hale, J M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 547 EP - 558 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - NIOSH KW - OSHA KW - Silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Federal regulations KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - Respiratory tract KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17244732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+Respirable+Crystalline+Silica+Dust+Using+OSHA+Compliance+Data+%281979-1995%29&rft.au=Linch%2C+K+D%3BMiller%2C+W+E%3BAlthouse%2C+R+B%3BGroce%2C+D+W%3BHale%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Linch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dust; Occupational exposure; Construction industry; Respiratory tract; Federal regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicone Gel Breast Implant Adverse Event Reports to the Food and Drug Administration, 1984-1995 AN - 17220554; 4500473 AB - Objectives. To characterize the adverse event reports on silicone gel breast implants (SGBIs), including death reports, submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 1984 through 1995 and to analyze changes in the type and complexity of reports following extensive media coverage of breast implants. Methods. The authors analyzed mandatory and voluntary reports from the adverse events reporting system for medical devices at the FDA. Results. In 1988, adverse event reports related to SGBIs accounted for 2.4% of the 14,473 mandatory reports entered into the FDA database on medical devices. In 1992, SGBI-related reports accounted for 30.3% of the total 66,476 mandatory reports of adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse event in 1988, before the widespread publicity on breast implants, was implant burst or rupture. In contrast, in 1992 the most frequently reported event was reaction, a term used to describe a range of adverse effects. Conclusions. The numbers of mandatory and voluntary reports of SGBI-related adverse events increased exponentially, as did the complexity of the reports, following publicity over the lack of safety data on breast implants and a short voluntary moratorium on their sale. A significant proportion of reports lacked information on specific medical symptoms or diagnoses. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Brown, S L AU - Parmentier, C M AU - Woo, E K AU - Vishnuvajjala, R L AU - Headrick, M L AD - FDA, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ-541, Rockville MD 20850, USA, syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 535 EP - 543 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals VL - 113 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - FDA KW - breast KW - silicone KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Data collection KW - Side effects KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Silicone+Gel+Breast+Implant+Adverse+Event+Reports+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+1984-1995&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BParmentier%2C+C+M%3BWoo%2C+E+K%3BVishnuvajjala%2C+R+L%3BHeadrick%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Side effects; Data collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Robbery-related injury in convenience stores: Estimating lifetime risk and identifying high-risk populations AN - 17193319; 4483793 AB - Robbery-related injuries constitute a major risk for convenience store workers in the United States. Studies that focus on the injury outcomes associated with convenience store robbery are extremely limited in number. This is a prospective study of 1271 convenience stores in three metropolitan areas of Virginia between February 1, 1995 and September 30, 1996. The study quantifies the lifetime risk for an occupational robbery-related injury occurrence and determines the relative importance of various types of factors in the classification of high risk stores. Lifetime risk was estimated by calculating the probability in convenience stores for having one or more employee(s) sustain at least one robbery-related injury over a range of years that a store could be in operation. Results indicate that knowledge of the circumstances of the robbery are needed to maximize the identification of high risk stores. Estimated lifetime risk reaches 567 stores with an occupational robbery-related injury occurrence per 1,000 stores in operation after 45 years. This study addresses limitations of previous research by including information on clerk resistance and the number of robbers in its analysis. These two circumstantial characteristics of robbery have been previously hypothesized to be associated with robbery-related injury. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Faulkner, KA AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Hendricks, SA AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1391 EP - 1403 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - USA KW - convenience stores KW - crime KW - robberies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17193319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Robbery-related+injury+in+convenience+stores%3A+Estimating+lifetime+risk+and+identifying+high-risk+populations&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+KA%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BHendricks%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Occupational safety; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related fatal-injury risk of construction workers by occupation and cause of death AN - 17192882; 4483792 AB - To assess cause- and occupation-specific risks of work-related fatal injuries among U.S. construction workers, the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system and Current Population Survey were used to obtain injury and employment data for the years 1990 through 1994. Risks were assessed by both rate and working lifetime risk. The occupation found to have the highest fatal-injury rate in construction was electrical-power installers and repairers (96.6 deaths/100,000 workers), followed by structural-metal workers (86.4) and operating engineers (41.0). The occupation found to have the largest numbers of fatalities was construction laborers (1133 deaths), followed by carpenters (408), and construction supervisors (392). The leading causes of death varied by occupation. Construction in general has experienced a decline in fatal-injury rates over the years; however, this decline did not occur equally across occupations and causes of death. The presentation of working lifetime injury risks provides a measure of risk for occupational injuries that can be compared with occupational illness risk assessments. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive national profile of work-related fatal-injury risks among United States construction workers by occupation and cause of death. The results will be useful in focusing research and prevention efforts on specific hazards in high-risk construction occupations. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Chen, Guang-Xiang AU - Fosbroke, DE AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1371 EP - 1390 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17192882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Work-related+fatal-injury+risk+of+construction+workers+by+occupation+and+cause+of+death&rft.au=Chen%2C+Guang-Xiang%3BFosbroke%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Guang-Xiang&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Mortality; Occupational safety; Construction industry; Risk assessment; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lifetime risk of fatal occupational injuries within industries, by occupation, gender, and race AN - 17190282; 4483787 AB - Estimates of risk accumulated over a working lifetime are used to assess the significance of many workplace health hazards. Most studies which have estimated this risk have focused on a worker's lifetime risk of dying of a stated illness based on exposure to a hazard in a specific job. The concept, however, has not been widely applied to occupational injury deaths. This study examines the use of lifetime risk based on national fatal injury data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). Lifetime risks are defined by specific causal events for those groups identified as having the highest general lifetime risks. The lifetime risk model for injury used in this work can be compared with risk assessments for occupational illnesses. Fatal injury lifetime risk estimates will be useful in defining traumatic injury exposures that are appropriate for targeting research and prevention efforts needed to reduce the burden of work-related death within the United States. These estimates also provide a means of prioritizing traumatic injury research with fatal illness research, while providing the additional benefit of providing a means of informing workers of their fatal injury risks. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Myers, J R AU - Kisner, S M AU - Fosbroke, DE AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Mail Stop 180 P, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1291 EP - 1307 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Gender KW - Ethnic groups KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17190282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Lifetime+risk+of+fatal+occupational+injuries+within+industries%2C+by+occupation%2C+gender%2C+and+race&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BFosbroke%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Mortality; Occupational safety; Ethnic groups; Accidents; Gender ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying populations at high risk for occupational back injury with neural networks AN - 17188089; 4483790 AB - For this study a simulation is conducted to investigate the accuracy of neural networks and logistic regression in identifying populations at high risk for occupational back injury. In contrast to most standard regression techniques, neural networks do not rely on linearity or explicitly specifying the nature of the association. Because the underlying relationships between work exposures, personal risk factors, and injury are often not well defined, neural networks may prove useful for injury risk assessment. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the injury status to the predicted level of risk in each worker. In simulations of a non-linear association, workers (used in the training data) were correctly classified 85% of the time with neural networks, 74% of the time with the main effects logistic model, and 79% of the time with the fully-specified logistic model. Using the test data, however, workers were correctly classified 67% of the time with neural networks, and 71% and 69% of the time with the main effects and fully-specified logistic models, respectively. Simulations of a null association indicated that neural networks may be more likely to overfit random associations. These findings provide a valuable guide concerning statistical methodology for identifying high-risk worker populations. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Gardner, LI AU - Arena, V C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S P1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1337 EP - 1352 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - back injuries KW - neural networks KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Occupational safety KW - Simulation KW - Computer applications KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17188089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Identifying+populations+at+high+risk+for+occupational+back+injury+with+neural+networks&rft.au=Landsittel%2C+D+P%3BGardner%2C+LI%3BArena%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Landsittel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Risk assessment; Simulation; Computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Years of potential life lost due to occupational fatal injury in the united states AN - 17186721; 4483789 AB - Fatal injury surveillance data coupled with life expectancy data may be used to assess the impact of occupational fatal injuries on years of potential life lost (YPLL). We compare three definitions of YPLL and trends over time in YPLL. Two definitions determine YPLL as expected life lost to fixed life expectancies of 65 or 85 years. The third definition uses actuarial adjustments of life expectancy given survival to a given age stratified by gender and race. Fatalities from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality (NTOF) database are used to illustrate the three definitions of YPLL. The three YPLL measures were similar in magnitude and direction of the trend in YPLL over 1980-1992. Proper interpretation of these trends can only be made in conjunction with other measures (e.g., rates). Almost all YPLL trends are declining, implying that over time fatal injuries are shifting to older workers. The exception is the increasing trend in YPLL for the retail trade industry, injury rates have also been increasing over time for this industry. Mining and construction have the highest YPLL among all industries. This analysis suggests efforts to prevent the occupational fatalities of younger workers should focus on the retail trade, mining, and construction industries. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Gilbert, S J AU - Bailer, A J AU - Stayner, L T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1321 EP - 1335 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Accidents KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17186721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Years+of+potential+life+lost+due+to+occupational+fatal+injury+in+the+united+states&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+S+J%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Mortality; Occupational safety; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A New Highly Specific Method for Predicting the Carcinogenic Potential of Pharmaceuticals in Rodents Using Enhanced MCASE QSAR-ES Software AN - 17178100; 4475369 AB - This report describes in detail a new quantitative structure-activity relational expert system (QSAR-ES) method for predicting the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in rodents, and a beta-test evaluation of its performance. The method employs an optimized, computer-automated structure evaluation (MCASE) software program and new database modules which were developed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between FDA and Multicase, Inc. The beta-test utilized 126 compounds with carcinogenicity studies not included in control database modules and three sets of modules, including: A07-9 (Multicase, Inc.), AF1-4 (FDA-OTR/Multicase, Inc.), and AF5-8 (FDA-OTR/proprietary). The investigation demonstrated that the standard MCASE(A07-9) system which had a small data-set (n = 319), detected few structure alerts (SA) for carcinogenicity (n = 17), and had poor coverage for beta-test compounds (51%). Conversely, the new, optimized FDA-OTR/MCASE(AF5-8) system had a large data-set (n = 934), detected many SA (n = 58) and had good coverage (94%). In addition, the study showed the standard MCASE(A07-9) software had poor predictive value for carcinogens and specificity for noncarcinogens (50 and 42%), detected many false positives (58%), and exhibited poor concordance (46%). Conversely, the new, FDA-OTR/MCASE(AF5-8) system demonstrated excellent predictive value for carcinogens and specificity for non-carcinogens (97%, 98%), detected only one false positive (2%), and exhibited good concordance (75%). The dramatic improvements in the performance of the MCASE were due to numerous modifications, including: (a) enhancement of the size of the control database modules, (b) optimization of MCASE SAR assay evaluation criteria, (c) incorporation of a carcinogenic potency scale for control compound activity and MCASE biophores, (d) construction of individual rodent gender- and species-specific modules, and (e) defining assay acceptance criteria for query and control database compounds. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Matthews, E J AU - Contrera, J F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (HFD-901), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, 20850, Maryland Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 242 EP - 264 PB - Academic Press VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - rodents KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Databases KW - Bioassays KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Carcinogens KW - Computer applications KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+New+Highly+Specific+Method+for+Predicting+the+Carcinogenic+Potential+of+Pharmaceuticals+in+Rodents+Using+Enhanced+MCASE+QSAR-ES+Software&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J%3BContrera%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Pharmaceuticals; Carcinogens; Databases; Computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chinese herbal medicines -- Manufacturing flaws and misuse AN - 17169697; 4470582 AB - Chinese herbal medicines are mixtures of botanical, mineral, and/or animal products. The medicines are either prepared by a herbalist for a specific patient or available over the counter in ready to use or decoct formulations. The number of literature references with regard to adverse effects from Chinese herbal medicines has grown dramatically in the last decade along with the increased use of these treatments. These adverse effects can be attributed to a variety of reasons. Intentional adulteration of herbal medicines with pharmaceuticals to substantiate medicinal claims has resulted in a number of serious adverse effects, including some fatal cases. Cases of metal intoxication have been reported from their use as active ingredients or their presence as contaminants. Substituting a more toxic herb for a benign one, either by misidentification or for economic gain, can also result in adverse effects. Variability in the natural products from differences in growing, harvesting, and storage conditions affects the concentration of active components. Changes in these concentrations make consistent dosing a problem, especially for those herbs with a low therapeutic index. Because the causes of adverse effects from Chinese herbal medicines are varied, each incident must be thoroughly investigated to determine the causes, the potential public health risks, and the ways to avoid similar incidences in the future. JF - Forensic Science Review AU - Fraser, D B AU - Wen, K-C AD - Forensic Chemistry Center United States Food and Drug Administration Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 67 EP - 80 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1042-7201, 1042-7201 KW - herbal medicines KW - intoxication KW - man KW - medicinal plants KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Intoxication KW - Herbal medicines KW - Storage KW - Storage conditions KW - Reviews KW - Side effects KW - X 24172:Plants KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17169697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Chinese+herbal+medicines+--+Manufacturing+flaws+and+misuse&rft.au=Fraser%2C+D+B%3BWen%2C+K-C&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forensic+Science+Review&rft.issn=10427201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbal medicines; Intoxication; Reviews; Side effects; Risk assessment; Storage; Storage conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the potential of sodium fluoride to affect spermatogenesis: A morphometric study AN - 17166233; 4469187 AB - This study provides quantitative information on the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the testes of F sub(1) generation male rats exposed in utero and during lactation to NaF at one of four concentrations (25, 100, 175, 250 ppm). At weaning, the F sub(1) generation males were exposed to NaF in their drinking water for 14 weeks, after which time testicular tissues were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde and observed after being embedded in plastic. The seminiferous tubules comprised 89%, 87%, 88%, 88% and 88% of the total testis volume while the interstitial space occupied 9.3%, 11.2%, 10.2%, 9.8% and 9.9% of the total testis volume for the 0, 25, 100, 175 and 250 ppm NaF treatment groups, respectively. Statistically significant differences between control and NaF-treated rats were not observed with respect to absolute volume of the seminiferous tubules, interstitial space, Leydig cells, blood vessels boundary layer, lymphatic space, macrophages, tubular lumen or absolute tubular length and absolute tubular surface area, mean Sertoli cell nucleoli number per tubular cross-section, mean seminiferous tubule diameter and the mean height of the seminiferous epithelium. A statistically significant decrease in the absolute volume and volume percent of the lymphatic endothelium was observed in the 175 and 250 ppm NaF-treated groups and in the testicular capsule in the 100 ppm NaF-treated groups. The significance of this finding is unknown at the present time. Overall, the quantitative information obtained suggests that exposure to NaF at the doses used in the present study does not adversely affect testis structure or spermatogenesis in the rat. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Collins, TFX AU - Black, T AU - Olejnik, N AU - Rorie, J AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Beltsville, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1117 EP - 1124 VL - 36 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - fluoride KW - rats KW - sodium fluoride KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Testes KW - Spermatogenesis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17166233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Testing+the+potential+of+sodium+fluoride+to+affect+spermatogenesis%3A+A+morphometric+study&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BBlack%2C+T%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BRorie%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; Spermatogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of male-specific bacteriophage in feral and domestic animal wastes, human feces, and human-associated wastewaters AN - 17139827; 4442742 AB - Male-specific bacteriophage (MSB) densities were determined in animal and human fecal wastes to assess their potential impact on aquatic environments. Fecal samples (1,031) from cattle, chickens, dairy cows, dogs, ducks, geese, goats, hogs, horses, seagulls, sheep, and humans as well as 64 sewerage samples were examined for MSB. All animal species were found to harbor MSB, although the great majority excreted these viruses at very low levels. The results from this study demonstrate that in areas affected by both human and animal wastes, wastewater treatment plants are the principal contributors of MSB to fresh, estuarine, and marine waters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Calci, K R AU - Burkhardt, W III AU - Watkins, W D AU - Rippey AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA, KRCM.CFSAN.FDA.Gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 5027 EP - 5029 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Phages KW - Animal wastes KW - Receiving waters KW - Viruses KW - Water pollution sources KW - Aquatic environment KW - Water pollution KW - Male-specific phages KW - Waste water KW - Feces KW - Wastewater KW - Domestic wastes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+male-specific+bacteriophage+in+feral+and+domestic+animal+wastes%2C+human+feces%2C+and+human-associated+wastewaters&rft.au=Calci%2C+K+R%3BBurkhardt%2C+W+III%3BWatkins%2C+W+D%3BRippey&rft.aulast=Calci&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; Male-specific phages; Animal wastes; Viruses; Feces; Waste water; Water pollution; Aquatic environment; Domestic wastes; Receiving waters; Water pollution sources; Wastewater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Group B Streptococcus Type III Polysaccharide-Specific Antibody Concentrations in Human Sera Is Antigen Dependent AN - 17137733; 4439429 AB - The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against group B streptococcus (GBS) type III polysaccharide (PS) has been correlated with protection against GBS disease. The GBS type III PS is structurally similar to the pneumococcal type 14 PS, differing only in the presence of sialic acid residues. Four different preparations of GBS type III PS were evaluated for their specificity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): free PS, free PS mixed with methylated human serum albumin (mHSA), PS conjugated to biotin and PS conjugated to human serum albumin. Three groups of human sera were used to evaluate these PS preparations: sera from recipients of a GBS PS vaccine, sera from women receiving a GBS type III PS-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine, and sera from nonimmunized healthy women of childbearing age. Estimated antibody concentrations were different depending on the PS preparation used. Using any of the four preparations, we were able to measure less than or equal to 0.05 mu g of IgG antibody to the GBS type III PS per ml. The specificity of the assay was determined by competitive inhibition with homologous and heterologous PS. The pneumococcal type 14 PS did not inhibit binding of antibody to the native GBS type III PS in sera from adults receiving the GBS PS vaccine or in sera from nonimmunized adults (except serum G9). The pneumococcal type 14 PS inhibited 50% in sera from recipients of GBS type III conjugate vaccine and in serum G9 when GBS type III PS conjugated to biotin or to HSA was used as antigen in ELISA. These data show that free GBS type III PS or PS mixed with mHSA is a sensitive and specific antigen for ELISA and that conjugation can alter the antigenic specificity of a PS. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Bhushan, R AU - Anthony, B F AU - Frasch, CE AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, vaccine@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 5848 EP - 5853 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - biotin KW - human serum albumin KW - man KW - sialic acid KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Antibody response KW - Serum KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Vaccines KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06801:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17137733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Group+B+Streptococcus+Type+III+Polysaccharide-Specific+Antibody+Concentrations+in+Human+Sera+Is+Antigen+Dependent&rft.au=Bhushan%2C+R%3BAnthony%2C+B+F%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Bhushan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus agalactiae; Immunoglobulin G; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Vaccines; Antibody response; Serum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Percutaneous absorption of trinitrobenzene: Animal models for human skin AN - 17131869; 4434061 AB - The percutaneous absorption of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) was studied in viable skin from hairless guinea pigs (HGP), Fischer 344 rats and humans. Skin was dermatomed and assembled in flow-through diffusion cells followed by TNB application in either an acetone or a water vehicle. Skin absorption was expressed as the percentage of applied dose absorbed into skin and receptor fluid within 24 h. Rapid absorption of TNB by rodent skin was obtained with both vehicles. For HGP skin, TNB absorption was 72.7 plus or minus 5.5% in the acetone vehicle and 82.3 plus or minus 4.5% in the water vehicle. For rat skin, TNB absorption was 61.0 plus or minus 4.1% (acetone) and 66.5 plus or minus 4.1% (water). Absorption of TNB from acetone was significantly reduced (38.0 plus or minus 11.0%, P = 0.0118) in human skin, but absorption from water remained high (75.5 plus or minus 10.8%). Little TNB remained in skin when a thin (200 mu m) dermatome section was used (HGP and human skin). A thicker dermatome section was required (350 mu m) with haired rat skin, and 13-21% of the absorbed radioactivity remained in the skin at 24 h. Rodent skin did not simulate satisfactorily the barrier properties of human skin when TNB absorption was reduced by application in a volatile solvent. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Kraeling, MEK AU - Reddy, G AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Cosmetics Toxicology Branch HFS-128, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 387 EP - 392 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - absorption KW - guinea-pigs KW - man KW - mice KW - trinitrobenzene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Skin KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Percutaneous+absorption+of+trinitrobenzene%3A+Animal+models+for+human+skin&rft.au=Kraeling%2C+MEK%3BReddy%2C+G%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kraeling&rft.aufirst=MEK&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Chemistry and Pharmacology of indole-3-carbinol (indole-3-methanol) and 3-(Methoxymethyl)indole. [Part II] super(1) AN - 17121910; 4428091 AB - Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) (2) is produced endogenously from naturally occurring glucosinolates contained in a wide variety of plant food substances including members of the family Cruciferae, and particularly members of the genus Brassica, whenever they are crushed or cooked. The acid environment of the gut very facilely converts it into a range of polyaromatic indolic compounds, e.g. (3,4,5), which appear to be responsible for many of the physiological effects observed following the ingestion of these foods. These so-called chemopreventive compounds are important because of their enzyme induction and suppression, mutagenic, carcinogenic and, particularly, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties against a variety of classes of carcinogens. These properties as well as other miscellaneous properties of these substances are critically reviewed in detail in this paper of >170 references, the second of two parts. At the present time it appears that I3C and its congeners have considerable potential as natural prophylactic anticancer agents against certain common neoplasms, especially inasmuch modern diets are increasingly deficient in these vegetable-derived substances. A short general assessment of the substantial potential of the title compounds concludes the review. JF - Current Medicinal Chemistry AU - Broadbent, T A AU - Broadbent, H S AD - Food & Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, ONDC, DNDC-1, Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products (HFD-120), Woodmont II, 1451 Rockville Pike, Rockville MD 20852-1420, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 469 EP - 491 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0929-8673, 0929-8673 KW - 3-(methoxymethyl)indole KW - Brassica KW - Cruciferae KW - indole-3-carbinol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Antitumor agents KW - W3 33374:Antitumor agents KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17121910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+and+Pharmacology+of+indole-3-carbinol+%28indole-3-methanol%29+and+3-%28Methoxymethyl%29indole.+%5BPart+II%5D+super%281%29&rft.au=Broadbent%2C+T+A%3BBroadbent%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Broadbent&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.issn=09298673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Antitumor agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Article IV: clinical application of pharmacokinetics. AN - 70075508; 9828932 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Martinez, M N AD - FDA-CVM, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/11/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 15 SP - 1418 EP - 1420 VL - 213 IS - 10 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Half-Life KW - Area Under Curve KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Veterinary Drugs -- pharmacology KW - Veterinary Drugs -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Veterinary Drugs -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Labeling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70075508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Article+IV%3A+clinical+application+of+pharmacokinetics.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+M+N&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Astrocytosis and amyloid deposition in scrapie-infected hamsters. AN - 70120464; 9853120 AB - In scrapie infection, prion protein (PrPSc) is localized in areas where there is neurodegeneration and astrocytosis. It is thought that PrPSc is toxic to neurons and trophic for astrocytes. In our study, paraffin sections from scrapie infected (263K and 139H) and control hamsters were examined with histological and immunocytochemical staining. We found that PrPSc was present in the ependymal cells of both 263K- and 139H-infected hamsters. In 139H-infected hamsters, PrPSc was found in the cytoplasm of neurons in cerebral cortex and in hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. In contrast, neuronal cytoplasm and nuclei, were positive for PrPSc in most areas such as cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus in 263K-infected hamsters. Many aggregations of PrPSc could be seen in the cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra and around the Pia mater, corpus callosum, fimbria, ventricles, and blood vessels in sections from 139H- and/or 263K-positive animals. Furthermore, PrPSc was also co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in many reactive astrocytes (approximately 90%) in certain areas such as the hippocampus in 263K-infected hamsters, but not 139H-infected hamsters. The patterns of astrocytosis and PrPSc formation were different between 139H- and 263K-infected hamsters, which may be used for a diagnosis purpose. Our results suggest a hypothesis that multiple cell-types are capable of PrPSc production. Our results also confirm that reactive astrocytes can produce and/or accumulate PrPSc during some scrapie strain infections. The findings suggest a 'snowball effect', that is: astrocytosis might play an important role in amyloidosis, while amyloidosis may induce further astrocytosis at least in 263K-infected hamsters. JF - Brain research AU - Ye, X AU - Scallet, A C AU - Kascsak, R J AU - Carp, R I AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/11/02/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 02 SP - 277 EP - 287 VL - 809 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Prions KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prions -- analysis KW - Nerve Degeneration -- pathology KW - Mesocricetus KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Neurites -- pathology KW - Neurites -- chemistry KW - Ependyma -- pathology KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Scrapie -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Amyloidosis -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- chemistry KW - Astrocytes -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70120464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Family+Therapy&rft.atitle=Codependency%3A+A+grass+roots+construct%27s+relationship+to+shame-proneness%2C+low+self-esteem%2C+and+childhood+parentification&rft.au=Wells%2C+Marolyn%3BGlickauf-Hughes%2C+Cheryl%3BJones%2C+Rebecca&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Marolyn&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+Journal+of+Family+Therapy&rft.issn=01926187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and projection analyses of the effect of radiation on beagle dogs. AN - 70125067; 9855038 AB - The Cox proportional hazard model is used to identify important covariates related to survival for this beagle dog study. The Weibull and the Gompertz parametric probability models are used to fit the survival curves for 1680 beagle dogs given whole body Co-60 gamma radiation or sham irradiation and held for life-span observation. Deaths from cancer and noncancer are the primary diagnoses. Of dogs dying from cancer, female dogs showed significantly greater cancer mortality (p < 0.0001) than did males, and irradiated dogs had significantly greater cancer mortality (p = 0.022) than did the unexposed dogs, by either the Weibull or the Cox model. However, there were no sex and exposure differences in mortality for dogs dying from noncancer causes. The fitted Weibull and Gompertz models have been successful in projecting the actual mortality experience in this experiment and could be used for similar life-span experiences. JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Lao, C S AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-542), Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 619 EP - 633 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Whole-Body Irradiation KW - Prognosis KW - Dogs KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Models, Statistical KW - Male KW - Female KW - Survival Analysis KW - Radiation Injuries, Experimental -- mortality KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Proportional Hazards Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70125067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=Survival+and+projection+analyses+of+the+effect+of+radiation+on+beagle+dogs.&rft.au=Lao%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Lao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of the source of reagent variability in the xanthydrol/urea method. AN - 70123598; 9850577 AB - Contamination of food and food packaging material by rodent urine is evidence of insanitary conditions. Urea from rodent urine is used as a chemical indicator of contamination. The limit of detection of the xanthydrol/urea AOAC Method 959.14 by formation of dixanthylurea crystals is 4 micrograms urea isolated from urine on packaging material. Six different lots of xanthydrol from 5 different manufacturers were compared. Differences in urea detection sensitivity of the xanthydrol of up to 1000-fold were observed. Melting points showed further evidence of variability and impurities in xanthydrol lots. A liquid chromatographic method was developed to separate and identify the impurities. Confirmation of analytes was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Biles, P V AU - Ziobro, G C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 1155 EP - 1161 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Xanthenes KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - xanthydrol KW - 90-46-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Crystallization KW - Animals KW - Food Analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Rodentia -- urine KW - Urea -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Xanthenes -- standards KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70123598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Identification+of+the+source+of+reagent+variability+in+the+xanthydrol%2Furea+method.&rft.au=Biles%2C+P+V%3BZiobro%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Biles&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of phosphine residues in whole grains and soybeans by ion chromatography via conversion to phosphate. AN - 70123487; 9850582 AB - An ion chromatographic (IC) method was developed for determining phosphine (PH3) in whole grains (barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, and wheat) and soybeans. The method converts phosphine to phosphate (i.e., orthophosphate) and isolates the phosphate by IC with eluent-suppressed conductivity detection. Recoveries of unbound phosphine by the method were similar to those obtained by an established colorimetric method for 7 different products fortified at 3 levels. Mean recoveries were low (i.e., 30-60%) and varied with product type and level of fortification. Recoveries of PH3 from previously fumigated products fortified with aluminum phosphide ranged from 19.0% for barley fortified at 0.734 ppm to 88.3% for corn fortified at 1.691 ppm. Precision data from 3 products based on replicate analyses (n = 4 or 5) gave relative standard deviations of 1.78-4.66% for mean laboratory-fumigated PH3 levels of 0.679-1.309 ppm. Estimated limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for PH3 were 0.010 microgram/g (10 ppb) and 0.0275 microgram/g (27.5 ppb) at signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 4:1 and 10:1, respectively. These values were also determined for a nonchemically suppressed IC system with LOD of 0.02 microgram/g (20 ppb) and LOQ of 0.055 microgram/g (55 ppb) at S/N of 4:1 and 10:1, respectively. Phosphate response was linear over the concentration range equivalent to 0.30-10.0 micrograms P/mL, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.9988 based on replicate standard curves. The relationship of product composition to recovery from various products was also examined. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Carlson, M AU - Thompson, R D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 1190 EP - 1201 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aluminum Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Phosphates KW - Phosphines KW - aluminum phosphide KW - E23DR6L59S KW - phosphine KW - FW6947296I KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Colorimetry KW - Phosphines -- chemistry KW - Phosphates -- chemistry KW - Soybeans -- chemistry KW - Chromatography -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry KW - Phosphines -- analysis KW - Phosphates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70123487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+phosphine+residues+in+whole+grains+and+soybeans+by+ion+chromatography+via+conversion+to+phosphate.&rft.au=Carlson%2C+M%3BThompson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated method for cleanup and determination of benomyl and thiabendazole in table-ready foods. AN - 70114728; 9850584 AB - An automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup with on-line liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis was developed to determine residues of benomyl (as carbendazim) and thiabendazole in table-ready food items from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study (TDS). A strong-cation-exchange cleanup of an acetone extract replaces the methylene chloride solvent partitioning steps in the procedure described in the Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM). LC analysis is accomplished with a C8 analytical column and tandem fluorescence and UV detection. Recoveries of both analytes from 32 representative TDS foods fortified at 0.05 and 0.5 microgram/g were determined. Method precision was evaluated with triplicate recovery assays on 11 foods fortified at both levels. Accuracy was tested further by assaying 47 foods for incurred residues in parallel with the validated PAM procedure for comparison, and good agreement was found. The automated SPE method reduces solvent consumption, analysis time, and labor. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Levine, R A AU - Luchtefeld, R G AU - Hopper, M L AU - Salmon, G D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet and Pesticide Research Center, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 1217 EP - 1223 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Antinematodal Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Carbamates KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Solvents KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - Thiabendazole KW - N1Q45E87DT KW - Benomyl KW - TLW21058F5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Benzimidazoles -- analysis KW - Antinematodal Agents -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Benomyl -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Autoanalysis KW - Thiabendazole -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70114728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Automated+method+for+cleanup+and+determination+of+benomyl+and+thiabendazole+in+table-ready+foods.&rft.au=Levine%2C+R+A%3BLuchtefeld%2C+R+G%3BHopper%2C+M+L%3BSalmon%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimal behavioral effects from moderate postnatal lead treatment in rats. AN - 70084928; 9831125 AB - Developmental lead exposure continues to be a worldwide problem. This study investigated the behavioral effects resulting from developmental lead treatment in rats with corresponding physiological measures of lead exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 350 ppm lead acetate from birth to weaning via the dam's drinking water. Behavioral measures assessed in the offspring included residential activity tests, complex maze performance, acoustic startle response, emergence behavior (light/dark preference), prepulse inhibition, and ethological assessments of play, dominance, and burrowing. Pb blood levels averaged 53 microg/dl in the dam at the time of offspring weaning and 46 microg/dl in weanling female offspring. Pb levels averaged 277 ng/g and 32 microg/g in the brain and bone, respectively, of female offspring at weaning. No behavioral assessment indicated any lead-related functional alterations nor were there any statistically significant differences when the lead-treated group was restricted to rats in those litters that were above the median Pb blood lead level at weaning. These results indicate that any lead-related functional alterations at this dose may be subtle and require a sufficient demand on the system for detection. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Holson, R R AU - Gazzara, R A AU - Siitonen, P H AD - Division of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1998 SP - 637 EP - 643 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - lead acetate KW - RX077P88RY KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Bone and Bones -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lactation KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Lead -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70084928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Minimal+behavioral+effects+from+moderate+postnatal+lead+treatment+in+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BGazzara%2C+R+A%3BSiitonen%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of methods for determining the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice. AN - 70078294; 9829180 AB - Six methods were compared for detection of three strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in enrichments of inoculated apple juice. Juice was inoculated at levels varying from 0.1 to 100 CFU/ml and centrifuged after overnight storage at 4 degrees C, and pellets were incubated at 37 degrees C in nonselective enrichment broth. At hourly intervals between 5 and 10 h and at 24 h, the enrichments were tested for E. coli O157:H7 by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA), antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique (Ab-DEFT), direct selective plating on sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMA), immunomagnetic separation coupled to either selective plating (IMS-SMA) or the polymerase chain reaction (IMS-PCR), and flow cytometry (FC). The most consistent detection of 0.1 CFU/ml of the slowest growing strain of the pathogen was provided by the IMS-SMA and IMS-PCR after 8 h of enrichment. The time required for detection at the level of 0.1 CFU/ml for each assay was Ab-DEFT, 11 h; IMS-PCR, 16 h; FC, 24 h; IMS-SMA, 32 h; and SMA, 48 h. Absolute detection limits (without enrichment) were: IMS-PCR, 10(3) CFU/ml; Ab-DEFT and IMS-SMA, 10(4) CFU/ml; SMA, 10(5) CFU/ml; and DFA, 10(6) CFU/ml. Recovery of the pathogen (10 CFU/ml) in apple juice after 28 days of 4 degrees C storage was possible by means of an 8-h enrichment and Ab-DEFT, IMS-PCR, or IMS-SMA. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Tortorello, M L AU - Reineke, K F AU - Stewart, D S AU - Raybourne, R B AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1425 EP - 1430 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunomagnetic Separation KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70078294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+methods+for+determining+the+presence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+apple+juice.&rft.au=Tortorello%2C+M+L%3BReineke%2C+K+F%3BStewart%2C+D+S%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Tortorello&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections among North Dakota sheep producers. AN - 70069905; 9830608 AB - A case of Q fever in a sheep producer was detected by a surveillance system in North Dakota in 1993, when Q fever was not reportable. This is the first officially documented case in the state. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection and identify associated risk factors, we conducted a study covering the whole state. A total of 17 cases were identified among 496 sheep producers, their family members, and hired helpers. The number of sheep raised was a good predictor of C. burnetii infection. Lambing outdoors and frequent physical contacts with sheep during lambing were associated with a higher risk, but petting dogs was correlated with a lower risk. We conclude that C. burnetii infection is prevalent among sheep producers in North Dakota. As the result, Q fever became a reportable disease in North Dakota. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Guo, H R AU - Gilmore, R AU - Waag, D M AU - Shireley, L AU - Freund, E AD - Division of Surveillance, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 999 EP - 1006 VL - 40 IS - 11 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - North Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Age Distribution KW - Q Fever -- epidemiology KW - Sheep KW - Animal Husbandry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70069905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Coxiella+burnetii+infections+among+North+Dakota+sheep+producers.&rft.au=Guo%2C+H+R%3BGilmore%2C+R%3BWaag%2C+D+M%3BShireley%2C+L%3BFreund%2C+E&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of reported occupational history information for US coal miners, 1969-1977. AN - 70028154; 9801023 AB - For estimating reliable exposure-response relations it is necessary that random variation in both the response and the exposure variables be sufficiently small. Variability in cumulative exposures can arise from uncertainties in self-reported work histories from interviews. In most epidemiologic surveys, the information gathered from questionnaires is used without knowing the validity or reproducibility of these data. This paper investigates the reliability of occupational histories reported by the same individuals on two occasions separated by 9 years in the US National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis and its implications on the exposure-response relation for simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis. For 480 coal miners, from whom occupational histories were obtained twice (in 1969-1971 and 1977-1981), the reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) of the cumulative exposures generated from each work history was 87%. Logistic model fitting of simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis prevalence to the cumulative coal dust exposure produced almost identical results. After accounting for intersurvey variability in the occupational histories, the authors found that the exposure-response coefficients estimated from information reported at the surveys were attenuated by 12%. In epidemiologic studies, knowledge of the reproducibility of self-reported occupational history information is important to ascertain whether the true exposure effect is underestimated. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Brower, P S AU - Attfield, M D AD - Epidemiological Investigations Branch, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1998/11/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 01 SP - 920 EP - 926 VL - 148 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Random Allocation KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Coal Mining KW - Medical History Taking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70028154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+reported+occupational+history+information+for+US+coal+miners%2C+1969-1977.&rft.au=Brower%2C+P+S%3BAttfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Brower&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Report of a US public health service workshop on hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE) after pertussis immunization. AN - 70022121; 9794982 AB - Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE) is a term used to describe a somewhat heterogenous group of clinical disorders that have been reported primarily in association with whole-cell pertussis vaccination. A 1991 review by the Institute of Medicine determined that the evidence available was indeed consistent with a causal relation between whole-cell pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus immunization and HHE, but that the evidence was insufficient to indicate a causal relationship between HHE and the subsequent development of permanent neurologic damage. More recent data from clinical trials conducted in Europe suggest that HHE also occurs after vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines. The US Food and Drug Administration, in collaboration with the US Public Health Service, sponsored a workshop on HHE in Rockville, Maryland, on June 19, 1997. The primary goals of the workshop were to develop a case definition of HHE and to evaluate the general design and feasibility of possible studies of HHE using the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national passive surveillance system. The goals of such studies would be to understand better the acute HHE event and to evaluate the possibility of long-term sequelae. Case Definition. There has been no generally accepted definition of HHE, and a standard definition would be useful for vaccine safety work and would potentially facilitate interstudy comparisons of the growing number of licensed vaccines containing acellular pertussis components. The workshop defined HHE as an event of sudden onset occurring within 48 hours of immunization, with duration of the episode ranging from 1 minute to 48 hours, in children younger than 10 years of age. All of the following must be present: 1) limpness or hypotonia, 2) reduced responsiveness or hyporesponsiveness, and 3) pallor or cyanosis or failure to observe or to recall skin coloration. HHE is not considered to have occurred if there is a known cause for these signs (eg, postictal), if urticaria is present during the event, if normal skin coloration is observed throughout the episode, or if the child is simply sleeping. This inclusive (sensitive) case definition will allow investigators, through the technique of stratification according to certain characteristics (eg, time from vaccination to onset of HHE), to attempt to hone the definition and make it more specific. Refinement of the definition of HHE has been hindered by the lack of information on its pathophysiology and by the lack of pathognomonic signs, symptoms, and diagnostic tests. Another hindrance is that by the time the child presents for medical evaluation, the signs of HHE often have normalized. Moreover, different mechanisms may be involved in different individuals whose events meet this workshop's HHE definition. Further Study of HHE. Probably the most important question about HHE is whether it has any permanent sequelae. The workshop assessed the possible contribution VAERS-based studies could make to answering this question and found substantial methodologic problems; however, ongoing studies in Sweden and The Netherlands have the potential to provide useful information on this question. The most useful contribution of VAERS data would be in a descriptive study of HHE, with a possible case-control study of factors that may affect the risk of HHE after vaccination, rather than a study of possible permanent sequelae. The workshop participants felt that a detailed descriptive study of approximately 100 HHE events reported during a 1- to 2-year period could provide a more in-depth description of HHE cases in greater numbers than has been published previously, but the study would not address the issue of long-term sequelae of HHE. Better descriptive data may lead to new hypotheses concerning risk factors, etiology, and pathophysiology of HHE that might be evaluated further by studying subsequent cases and controls from VAERS or from other sources, depending on the hypoth JF - Pediatrics AU - Braun, M M AU - Terracciano, G AU - Salive, M E AU - Blumberg, D A AU - Vermeer-de Bondt, P E AU - Heijbel, H AU - Evans, G AU - Patriarca, P A AU - Ellenberg, S S Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 1 VL - 102 IS - 5 KW - Pertussis Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Health Services Research KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Terminology as Topic KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Muscle Hypotonia -- chemically induced KW - Muscle Hypotonia -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70022121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Report+of+a+US+public+health+service+workshop+on+hypotonic-hyporesponsive+episode+%28HHE%29+after+pertussis+immunization.&rft.au=Braun%2C+M+M%3BTerracciano%2C+G%3BSalive%2C+M+E%3BBlumberg%2C+D+A%3BVermeer-de+Bondt%2C+P+E%3BHeijbel%2C+H%3BEvans%2C+G%3BPatriarca%2C+P+A%3BEllenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Braun&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=E52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of borates in caviare by ion-exclusion chromatography. AN - 69244486; 10366999 AB - A specific and rapid analytical procedure for the determination of borates in caviare was developed using ion-exclusion chromatography. Products require minimal pre-treatment, are simply extracted with eluent and filtered prior to chromatography. Isolation of the analyte as a 2:1 sorbitol-borate complex was accomplished using an anion exchange column with an eluent consisting of 2 mM heptafluorobutyric acid + 50 mM sorbitol with conductivity detection [corrected]. Among five sugar alcohols examined for complexation, sorbitol was found to provide optimum resolution and a 3-4 times enhancement of response over borate anion alone. The response of the complex was linear over at least a 100 fold range in concentration (0.1-10 micrograms boron/ml) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Using a boric acid standard solution, the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.065 microgram/ml and 0.216 microgram/ml, respectively, calculated as boron. Replicate analyses (n = 5) for samples having commercially added borate (equivalent to 300-1000 micrograms/g boron) gave RSD values of 1.18-2.03%. Recoveries of borate from fortified samples having commercially added borate present varied from 94.5 to 101.1% while untreated samples exhibited recoveries of 78.5-108.0% over a concentration range of 23-1039 micrograms/g, calculated as boron. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Carlson, M AU - Thompson, R D AD - US Food and Drug Administration, MN 55401, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 898 EP - 905 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Borates KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - Sorbitol KW - 506T60A25R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange -- methods KW - Food Contamination KW - Food Preservatives -- analysis KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Fishes -- metabolism KW - Borates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69244486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+borates+in+caviare+by+ion-exclusion+chromatography.&rft.au=Carlson%2C+M%3BThompson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=898&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Food Addit Contam 1999 Oct;16(10):447 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP): II. Clinical trials and treatment guidelines. AN - 69199449; 10218023 AB - Localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) causes severe alveolar bone loss and early tooth loss in adolescents and young adults. If it is not appropriately treated as an infection in association with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, treatment failure is likely. This review of clinical trials of treatment of LJP uses those trials to construct guidelines for LJP treatment. JF - General dentistry AU - Gustke, C J AD - Navajo Area Indian Health Service, Gallup Indian Medical Center, NM 87305, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 580 EP - 7; quiz 588-9 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0363-6771, 0363-6771 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- poisoning KW - Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans -- isolation & purification KW - Adolescent KW - Aggressive Periodontitis -- etiology KW - Aggressive Periodontitis -- therapy KW - Actinobacillus Infections -- drug therapy KW - Aggressive Periodontitis -- diagnosis KW - Actinobacillus Infections -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69199449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+dentistry&rft.atitle=A+review+of+localized+juvenile+periodontitis+%28LJP%29%3A+II.+Clinical+trials+and+treatment+guidelines.&rft.au=Gustke%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gustke&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=580&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+dentistry&rft.issn=03636771&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological markers among workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 69160409; 9924450 AB - To examine the association of immune cell number and function with occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). A cross sectional medical survey. The exposed participants were employed at two chemical plants between 1951 and 1972 in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenate and its derivatives. The reference group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides who lived within the communities of the workers. Data from a total of 259 workers and 243 unexposed referents were included in the analysis of immune function. Laboratory tests for immune status included enumeration of circulating leukocyte and lymphocyte populations, proliferative responses of circulating lymphocytes to mitogens and antigens, and serum concentrations of the major immunoglobulins and complement factor C3. The workers had substantial exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD, as indicated by a lipid adjusted mean serum TCDD concentration of 229 ppt compared with a mean of 6 ppt in the unexposed referents. Workers were divided into categories based on their serum TCDD concentration. For all categories except the lowest, with values of serum TCDD comparable with the unexposed referents, there were increased odds of having lower counts of CD26 cells (activated T cells) (odds ratio (OR) 1.0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.5 to 1.8 for TCDD < 20 ppt; OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.2 for TCDD 20-51 ppt; OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.1 for TCDD 52-125 ppt; OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.9 for TCDD 125-297 ppt; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.6 for TCDD 298-3389 ppt). A less consistent finding was decreased spontaneous proliferation of cultured lymphocytes. However, increases were found in proliferation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin and pokeweed in workers in the high TCDD category. Age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol were significant predictors of several immunological outcomes. Associations between serum TCDD concentration and both a decrease in circulating CD26 cells and decreased spontaneous background proliferation were the major findings of this study. These results are unlikely to be of clinical importance but may reflect limited evidence for an association between immunological changes in workers and high serum concentrations of TCDD, or chance findings resulting from the evaluation of multiple immunological variables. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Halperin, W AU - Vogt, R AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Shopp, G AU - Fingerhut, M AU - Petersen, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 742 EP - 749 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Immunologic Techniques KW - Male KW - T-Lymphocytes KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- poisoning KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- blood KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69160409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Immunological+markers+among+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Halperin%2C+W%3BVogt%2C+R%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BShopp%2C+G%3BFingerhut%2C+M%3BPetersen%2C+M&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Scand J Immunol. 1991 Jun;33(6):737-48 [1675482] N Engl J Med. 1991 Jan 24;324(4):212-8 [1985242] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Aug;49(8):532-44 [1515345] Life Sci. 1993;53(26):1995-2006 [8255162] Chemosphere. 1994 Nov-Dec;29(9-11):2423-37 [7850391] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Feb;52(2):86-91 [7757172] J Immunol. 1984 Jun;132(6):2868-75 [6202764] JAMA. 1986 Apr 18;255(15):2031-8 [3959286] Mol Pharmacol. 1986 Apr;29(4):372-7 [3486342] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Jun 30;84(2):209-19 [3715871] JAMA. 1986 Nov 21;256(19):2687-95 [2877102] Arch Environ Health. 1988 Jul-Aug;43(4):273-8 [3415353] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Oct;45(10):701-4 [3264183] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 May;81:157-62 [2667976] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(2):135-46 [2773945] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;28(2):183-93 [2677396] Cell Immunol. 1990 Jan;125(1):42-57 [2152856] Tex Med. 1990 Apr;86(4):26-8 [2186500] Toxicology. 1991;69(3):219-55 [1949050] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration: adverse event reporting. AN - 69096089; 9866488 AB - This article reviews adverse event reports associated with anesthesia devices submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration during the period of August 15, 1896 to August 15, 1998. Cardiovascular, general surgical, and plastic surgical devices are the most frequently reported devices. Deaths are most frequently associated with cardiovascular, general hospital, and gastrourological devices. The most frequently reported failures associated with ventilators are failures of audio or visual alarm systems. JF - CRNA : the clinical forum for nurse anesthetists AU - Graham, A A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 135 EP - 138 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1048-2687, 1048-2687 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Anesthesiology -- instrumentation KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Respiration, Artificial -- adverse effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69096089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRNA+%3A+the+clinical+forum+for+nurse+anesthetists&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration%3A+adverse+event+reporting.&rft.au=Graham%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRNA+%3A+the+clinical+forum+for+nurse+anesthetists&rft.issn=10482687&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving patient care by reporting problems with medical devices. AN - 69095872; 9866489 AB - Healthcare practitioners are the primary users of medical devices for direct patient care. As such, they are in the best position to recognize problems that result from the use of medical devices. The outcome of a device-related adverse event or product problem, as with any other medical product, can be serious and result in illness injury, or even death. The sooner that FDA learns about a problem, the sooner the agency can take action to protect patient and user safety. Healthcare practitioners are major contributors to the knowledge base related to device use and safety through astute monitoring, rapid identification of device-related problems, and reporting these problems. An understanding of the voluntary and mandatory mechanism of reporting will ensure that device problems are reported appropriately and in a timely manner. As the primary users of medical equipment for direct patient care, health care professionals have the training and expertise to improve patient care by reporting actual and suspected problems with medical devices. JF - CRNA : the clinical forum for nurse anesthetists AU - White, G G AU - Weick-Brady, M D AU - Goldman, S A AU - Gross, T P AU - Kennedy, D L AU - Lucas, B S AU - Merritt, K AU - Naschinski, C AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 139 EP - 156 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1048-2687, 1048-2687 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- organization & administration KW - Patient Care -- standards KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69095872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRNA+%3A+the+clinical+forum+for+nurse+anesthetists&rft.atitle=Improving+patient+care+by+reporting+problems+with+medical+devices.&rft.au=White%2C+G+G%3BWeick-Brady%2C+M+D%3BGoldman%2C+S+A%3BGross%2C+T+P%3BKennedy%2C+D+L%3BLucas%2C+B+S%3BMerritt%2C+K%3BNaschinski%2C+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRNA+%3A+the+clinical+forum+for+nurse+anesthetists&rft.issn=10482687&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of a mouse H-ras codon 61 mutation using a modified allele-specific competitive blocker PCR genotypic selection method. AN - 69091740; 9862188 AB - A modified allele-specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) has been developed as an approach for genotypic selection, the detection of a rare mutant allele based solely upon its altered nucleotide sequence. ACB-PCR genotypic selection operates through the preferential PCR amplification of mutant DNA using a primer that has more mismatches to the wild-type allele than the mutant allele. In addition, a blocker-primer with a 3'-terminal dideoxynucleotide and more mismatches to the mutant allele than the wild-type allele is incorporated to reduce the background and increase sensitivity. Using ACB-PCR, the CAA-->AAA base substitution at codon 61 of the mouse H-ras gene was detected regularly at mutant fractions of 10(-5). To accurately quantify the occurrence of this particular mutation, an internal amplification standard (AS) DNA was constructed. The H-ras and AS DNAs were subject to the same genotypic selection but were amplified using different upstream primers to give PCR products that can be distinguished by size. Defined mixtures of mutant and wild-type AS DNAs were used to study the effects of various components of the ACB-PCR. The concentration of dNTPs, blocker primer and Perfect Match Polymerase Enhancer, as well as the choice of thermostable DNA polymerase and annealing temperature were examined. Conditions were identified for the concurrent detection of the CAA-->AAA mutation in the H-ras and AS DNAs. Using the identified conditions, approximately equal signals were obtained from equivalent amounts of the two DNA templates over a wide range of mutant fractions (1 in 10 to 1 in 10(5)). This ACB-PCR method can be used for any application where it is necessary to quantify relatively small mutant fractions. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Parsons, B L AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. bparsons@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 581 EP - 588 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Taq Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Taq Polymerase -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Genes, ras KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69091740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+a+mouse+H-ras+codon+61+mutation+using+a+modified+allele-specific+competitive+blocker+PCR+genotypic+selection+method.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+B+L%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice by irradiation AN - 17286663; 4526390 AB - Three strains (932, Ent-C9490, and SEA13B88) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used to determine the effectiveness of low-dose gamma irradiation for eliminating E. coli O157:H7 from apple juice or cider and to characterize the effect of inducing pH-dependent, stationary-phase acid resistance on radiation resistance. The strains were grown in tryptic soy broth with or without 1% dextrose for 18 h to produce cells that were or were not induced to pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance. The bacteria were then transferred to clarified apple juice and irradiated at 2 degree C with a cesium-137 irradiator. Non-acid-adapted cells had radiation D values (radiation doses needed to decrease a microbial population by 90%) ranging from 0.12 to 0.21 kGy. D values increased to 0.22 to 0.31 kGy for acid-adapted cells. When acid-adapted SEA13B88 cells were tested in five apple juice brands having different levels of suspended solids (absorbances ranging from 0.04 to 2.01 at 550 nm), radiation resistance increased with increasing levels of suspended solids, with D values ranging from 0.26 to 0.35 kGy. Based on these results, a dose of 1.8 kGy should be sufficient to achieve the 5D inactivation of E. coli recommended by the National Advisory Committee for Microbiological Criteria for Foods. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AU - Snipes, K AU - Boyd, G AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA, rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 4533 EP - 4535 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fruit juices KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Gamma radiation KW - Sterilization KW - Radiation KW - gamma Radiation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Acidity KW - Food irradiation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17286663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+apple+juice+by+irradiation&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G%3BSnipes%2C+K%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Sterilization; Radiation; Food irradiation; Gamma radiation; Acidity; gamma Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Worker lead exposures during renovation of homes with lead-based paint AN - 17238990; 4524209 AB - We evaluated lead exposures among full-time home renovators and part-time volunteers working primarily in pre-1960 homes with lead-based paint. Potentially hazardous lead exposures were measured during two tasks: exterior dry scraping and wet scraping. Maximum exposures were 120 and 63 mu g/m super(3), respectively. Exposures during other tasks, including general repair, weatherization, exterior scraping/painting (mostly applying new paint), window replacement, demolition, and plumbing, were low (range: 0.1 to 16 mu g/m super(3)), as were all 13 full-shift personal exposures [geometric mean (GM) = 3.6 mu g/m super(3); range: 0.2 to 12 mu g/m super(3)]. Blood lead levels for full-time workers ranged up to 17.5 mu g/dl, with a GM of 5.2 mu g/dl; the GM for volunteers was 3.2 mu g/dl. All of the paint samples collected from work surfaces had detectable amounts of lead (GM = 1.05%), with 65 percent (32) of the work surfaces tested having an average lead concentration of >0.5 percent. Paired sampling results indicate that chemical spot test kits, when used by industrial hygienists, are highly sensitive (100% positive) in screening for high levels ( greater than or equal to 9%) of lead in painted work surfaces, and somewhat less so (88% positive) for lower lead levels (>0.5%). Mean paint lead concentrations were well correlated with mean worker exposures during renovation, both by house (r = 0.875) and by work surface (r = 0.898). Average surface lead loadings measured on floors in homes undergoing renovation (2045 mu g/ft super(2)) and in full-time workers' vehicles (GM = 310 mu g/ft super(2)) were potentially hazardous to young children. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Sussell, A AU - Gittleman, J AU - Singal, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 770 EP - 775 VL - 13 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - Houses KW - Children KW - Paints KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Worker+lead+exposures+during+renovation+of+homes+with+lead-based+paint&rft.au=Sussell%2C+A%3BGittleman%2C+J%3BSingal%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sussell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lead; Children; Occupational exposure; Construction industry; Paints; Heavy metals; Houses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the potential allergenicity of new food proteins AN - 17180040; 4471588 AB - Assessing the potential allergenicity of transferred proteins remains one of the most difficult aspects of the overall safety assessment for transgenic foods. Allergenicity assessment must consider several factors, including the source of the transferred protein, expression levels, the physical and chemical properties of the protein, and similarity to known allergens. Although no single factor can be considered definitive, consideration of all these factors together may provide some indication of potential allergenicity. JF - Food Biotechnology AU - Gendel, S M AD - Biotechnology Studies Branch, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 S. Archer Rd., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA, smg@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 175 EP - 185 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0890-5436, 0890-5436 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Food KW - Reviews KW - Allergens KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17180040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+potential+allergenicity+of+new+food+proteins&rft.au=Gendel%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gendel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Biotechnology&rft.issn=08905436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allergens; Reviews; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment: A means for linking HACCP plans and public health AN - 17175727; 4476335 AB - HACCP plan adoption has greatly enhanced the food industry's ability to systematically design programs to ensure the microbiological safety of foods. Yet, this widening acceptance of the HACCP system has revealed several areas where its application is limited due to reliance on qualitative consideration of hazards and their control. In particular, HACCP planning is limited both conceptually and practically by its inability to quantify the potential combined influence of multiple control-point deviations and to relate the successful operation of a HACCP system to a measurable public-health impact. Recent advances in quantitative microbiological risk assessment appear to offer a means of overcoming these limitations. The integration of HACCP plans with the development of dynamic risk-assessment models offers a means for considering the entire farm-to-table continuum and for relating food-manufacturing operations to public health goals. Such capabilities may be critical to establishing equivalence among HACCP systems. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Whiting, R C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA, rwhiting@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 1531 EP - 1534 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - HACCP KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Food processing industry KW - Quality control KW - Microbial contamination KW - Public health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment%3A+A+means+for+linking+HACCP+plans+and+public+health&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BWhiting%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Food processing industry; Risk assessment; Public health; Microbial contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of cinnoline to N-oxidation products by Cunninghamella elegans and Aspergillus niger AN - 17150254; 4446837 AB - Cultures of the fungi Cunninghamella elegans and Aspergillus niger were grown in fluid Sabouraud medium at 28 degree C for 3 days and then dosed with cinnoline (1,2-diazanaphthalene). After 3 more days, metabolites were extracted from the cultures with ethyl acetate, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and identified by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both fungi oxidized 2-10% of the added cinnoline to mixtures of cinnoline 2-oxide and cinnoline 1-oxide. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AU - Deck, J AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 225 EP - 227 VL - 21 IS - 4-5 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - 1,2-Diazanaphthalene KW - 1,2-diazanaphthalene KW - cinnoline KW - cinnoline 1-oxide KW - cinnoline 2-oxide KW - ethyl acetate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Cell culture KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - N.M.R. KW - Media (culture) KW - Media KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - Oxidation KW - Aspergillus niger KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17150254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+cinnoline+to+N-oxidation+products+by+Cunninghamella+elegans+and+Aspergillus+niger&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+J+B%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J%3BDeck%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Cunninghamella elegans; Oxidation; Cell culture; Media; Media (culture); N.M.R.; Mass spectroscopy; High-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of age and height on vibrotactile threshold among 1,663 U.S. workers AN - 17139630; 4439913 AB - Assessment of vibrotactile threshold has gained application in studies of neuropathies induced by toxic substances, compression, and vibration. The effect of age and height on vibrotactile threshold is of interest for its own sake and for the purpose of confounder control. We have studied the relation between finger and toe vibrotactile thresholds and age and height in five studies carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health with vibrometry data (N = 1,663). A unique property of the merged data set was its wide age range from 14 to 82 years (mean 42 years). We demonstrate a J-shaped increase in finger threshold value (expressed on a log scale) with age, with no increase up to age 35 and a linear increase threafter. For finger threshold, height was not an important predictor. The data were sparser (n = 541) for toe threshold but suggested a linear increase with both age and height. While consistent with prior data, this study provides a better understanding of the relation between vibrotactile threshold and age and height than has been available before. The greater effect of age and height on toe rather than finger threshold is consistent with the hypothesis that the length of the nerve increases susceptibility to peripheral neuropathy. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Skov, T AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 438 EP - 444 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - body height KW - finger KW - neuropathy KW - toe KW - vibrotactile threshold KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Vibration KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+age+and+height+on+vibrotactile+threshold+among+1%2C663+U.S.+workers&rft.au=Skov%2C+T%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J&rft.aulast=Skov&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibration; Occupational health; Age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance for nonfatal work-related injuries in Alaska, 1991-1995 AN - 17139272; 4439920 AB - Historically, Alaska has had an occupational fatality rate five times greater than that for the United States. This article reports recent surveillance results for hospitalized nonfatal work-related injuries in Alaska, using the population-based Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) from 1991 through 1995. The fishing, construction, and logging industries led with the highest number of reported cases in the ATR. Workers in the logging, water transportation, and wood product manufacturing industries had the highest injury rates. Cause, severity, type, and body region of injury were examined for each target industry. For industries with the highest numbers and rates of injuries, in most cases, falls were identified as a common cause of injuries. A fractured bone was the most common type of injury, and the extremities were the most common body region affected. The ATR has proved to be a reliable tool for work-related injury surveillance and will be helpful in planning research priorities and targeting injury prevention efforts. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Husberg, B J AU - Conway, G A AU - Moore, MA AU - Johnson AD - Alaska Field Station Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4230 University Drive, Suite #310, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 493 EP - 498 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA, Alaska KW - falls KW - fractures KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bone KW - Injuries KW - Statistical analysis KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+for+nonfatal+work-related+injuries+in+Alaska%2C+1991-1995&rft.au=Husberg%2C+B+J%3BConway%2C+G+A%3BMoore%2C+MA%3BJohnson&rft.aulast=Husberg&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Bone; Occupational health; Statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Murine immune responses to Neisseria meningitidis group C capsular polysaccharide and a thymus-dependent toxoid conjugate vaccine AN - 17125692; 4433408 AB - The polysaccharide (PS) capsules of many pathogenic bacteria are poor immunogens in infants and young children as a result of the delayed response to PS antigens during ontogeny. The development of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae type b, which have proven to be efficacious in this age group, has led to active development by a number of investigators of conjugate vaccines for other diseases. We describe here the response of several mouse strains to the capsular PS of Neisseria meningitidis group C (MCPS) conjugated to tetanus toxoid (MCPS-TT) and the same response in BALB/c mice as a model of the immune consequences of conjugate vaccine immunization. The use of a conjugate vaccine results in a shift in the isotype elicited in response to the MCPS, from immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG3 to primarily IgG1. A response to MCPS-TT is seen even among mouse strains which respond poorly to MCPS itself, emphasizing the importance of a strain survey when choosing a mouse model for a vaccine. The marked increase in IgG1 antibody titer was accompanied by a large increase in bactericidal activity of sera from these animals. Animals primed with the conjugate vaccine demonstrated a booster response after secondary immunization with either the MCPS or the conjugate. The ability to produce a boosted IgG1 anti-MCPS response to the MCPS can be transferred to adoptive recipients by B cells alone from mice primed with MCPS-TT but not mice primed with MCPS alone. These data indicate that in BALB/c mice a single immunization with MCPS-TT is sufficient to induce a shift to IgG1 and generate a memory B-cell population that does not require T cells for boosting. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Rubinstein, L J AU - Garcia-Ojeda, P A AU - Michon, F AU - Jennings, HJ AU - Stein, KE AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, stein@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 5450 EP - 5456 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Children KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Polysaccharides KW - conjugates KW - man KW - mice KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Toxoids KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Capsules KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response KW - Thymus KW - Memory cells KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17125692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Murine+immune+responses+to+Neisseria+meningitidis+group+C+capsular+polysaccharide+and+a+thymus-dependent+toxoid+conjugate+vaccine&rft.au=Rubinstein%2C+L+J%3BGarcia-Ojeda%2C+P+A%3BMichon%2C+F%3BJennings%2C+HJ%3BStein%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Rubinstein&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Immune response; Capsules; Children; Immunoglobulins; Memory cells; Lymphocytes B; Toxoids; Vaccines; Thymus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and excretion of radiolabelled tert-butylhydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats AN - 17119092; 4422659 AB - Uniformly super(14)C-ring-labelled tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) was diluted with non-radioactive TBHQ and administered orally (for excretion studies) to Fischer 344 rats. An average of 72.9% and 10.6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and faeces, respectively, of male rats, and 77.3% and 8.2% in the urine and faeces, respectively, of female rats in 4 days. No significant sex-related differences were found in either excretion, tissue distribution or urinary metabolites of TBHQ-derived radiolabel. For distribution studies, intraperitoneal doses were administered to female rats, and tissue levels of radiolabel were determined at various times after dosing. The parent compound quickly disappeared from tissue in vivo. The highest concentrations of radiolabel were found in the liver and kidneys. The urinary metabolites consisted of conjugated TBHQ and unidentified polar substance(s). JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Ikeda, G J AU - Sapienza, P P AU - Ross, IA AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 907 EP - 914 VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - distribution KW - excretion KW - rats KW - t-Butylhydroquinone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Urine KW - Feces KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17119092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+excretion+of+radiolabelled+tert-butylhydroquinone+in+Fischer+344+rats&rft.au=Ikeda%2C+G+J%3BSapienza%2C+P+P%3BRoss%2C+IA&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urine; Feces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuronal degeneration in rat forebrain resulting from D-amphetamine-induced convulsions is dependent on seizure severity and age. AN - 70019503; 9795148 AB - Neuronal damage and degeneration in the rat forebrain was characterized by B4 isolectin and Fluoro-Jade labeling techniques after 4 doses of 15 mg/kg amphetamine i.p. in 70- and 180-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. In amphetamine-dosed rats some seizure activity occurred in all rats exhibiting pronounced hyperthermia but the degree of seizure activity varied greatly between individual rats. Over 90% of the rats in both age groups that showed behavioral signs of limbic seizures had somatic degeneration in the taenia tecta within 3 days of amphetamine exposure. Degenerating small star-shaped cells were seen in the septum and hippocampus in 70-day-old rats having extensive seizure activity. Although somatic degeneration only sporadically occurred in the piriform cortex of the younger rats, extensive B4 isolectin binding to activated microglia was observed in this area. In older rats prominent somatic degeneration was seen in the piriform cortex and orbital and insular areas of the frontal cortex of rats having seizures. Damage to the basal ganglia and related areas, including the thalamus, parietal cortex and dorsal medial striatum, occurred in rats with pronounced hyperthermia but only correlated with seizures in older rats. In the more severe cases of thalamic damage the highest density of neurodegeneration was localized perivascularly. Thus, amphetamine can produce notable damage to the limbic system when seizures occur and to the basal ganglia and related areas when hyperthermia occurs but the neurotoxicity profiles in these areas are age-dependent and not produced solely by hyperthermia. Further studies to determine whether neuronal damage is the result of or the cause of amphetamine-induced seizures are necessary. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Peterson, S L AU - Rountree, R L AU - Tor-Agbidye, J AU - Wang, G J AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/10/26/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 26 SP - 77 EP - 90 VL - 809 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Catecholamines KW - 0 KW - Sympathomimetics KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Index Medicus KW - Limbic System -- physiopathology KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Catecholamines -- metabolism KW - Glutamic Acid -- metabolism KW - Limbic System -- metabolism KW - Basal Ganglia -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Temperature KW - Basal Ganglia -- physiopathology KW - Limbic System -- pathology KW - Male KW - Basal Ganglia -- metabolism KW - Epilepsy -- pathology KW - Epilepsy -- chemically induced KW - Prosencephalon -- metabolism KW - Nerve Degeneration -- metabolism KW - Nerve Degeneration -- physiopathology KW - Prosencephalon -- pathology KW - Prosencephalon -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70019503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Neuronal+degeneration+in+rat+forebrain+resulting+from+D-amphetamine-induced+convulsions+is+dependent+on+seizure+severity+and+age.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BPeterson%2C+S+L%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BTor-Agbidye%2C+J%3BWang%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-26&rft.volume=809&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample preparation and high-resolution separation of mycotoxins possessing carboxyl groups. AN - 70069101; 9832244 AB - The chromatographic analysis of carboxyl-containing mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, and citrinin, presents a continual challenge. Toxins must first be extracted from foods or tissues and then cleaned up before chromatographic separation and detection. Liquid-liquid extraction efficiencies for some carboxylic mycotoxins are marginal for spiked samples and uncertain for incurred residues. Immunoaffinity columns may be useful for concentrating mycotoxins from samples before chromatography. In almost every case, more than one analytical method must be used to confirm the identification of the mycotoxin. The fumonisins are especially troublesome to analyze because they are relatively insoluble in organic solvents, they are not separated easily by gas chromatography, and they do not respond to the usual absorbance or fluorescence detectors used in liquid chromatography. Fluorescence derivatization and electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have now made it possible to detect trace levels of mycotoxins. The purity of mycotoxin standards for toxicological studies can be determined by liquid chromatography with either an evaporative light scattering detector or electrospray mass spectrometer. New developments in capillary electrophoresis, nonporous microsphere liquid chromatography, and detection methods for low-volatility compounds show promise for improving the analysis of mycotoxins in the future. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Wilkes, J G AU - Sutherland, J B AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jeffersen, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/10/09/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 09 SP - 135 EP - 156 VL - 717 IS - 1-2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70069101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Sample+preparation+and+high-resolution+separation+of+mycotoxins+possessing+carboxyl+groups.&rft.au=Wilkes%2C+J+G%3BSutherland%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-09&rft.volume=717&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in hearing protector usage in American manufacturing from 1972 to 1989. AN - 85244801; pmid-9794069 AB - This study investigated the trends in hearing protector use in United States manufacturing industries. Using data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-sponsored National Occupational Hazard Survey (1972), the National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration-sponsored National Survey of Personal Protective Equipment Usage (1989), estimates were made of numbers of workers using hearing protection in various industries. Unique to this study is discussion of the impact of enactment of hearing conservation regulations during the same time frame as the two earlier surveys. In general, higher percentages of workers utilized hearing protection in 1989 than in 1972. Increased hearing protection use over time was also found when size of facility (number of employees) was taken into account. Differences in the use of hearing protection over the period 1972-1989 varied in individual industries, ranging from less than 10 to more than 30%. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Davis, R R AU - Sieber, W K AD - Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 715 EP - 722 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced KW - Ear Protective Devices KW - Human KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85244801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Trends+in+hearing+protector+usage+in+American+manufacturing+from+1972+to+1989.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BSieber%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive oxygen species: their relation to pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis. AN - 79619280; 9788890 AB - Occupational exposures to mineral particles cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression following exposure to these particles. ROS-induced primary stimuli result in the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, promoting events that appear to be important in the progression of cell injury and pulmonary disease. We have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that inhalation of insoluble particles such as asbestos, agricultural dusts, coal, crystalline silica, and inorganic dust can be involved in facilitating multiple pathways for persistent generation of ROS, which may lead to a continuum of inflammation leading to progression of disease. This article briefly summarizes some of the recent findings from our laboratories with emphasis on the molecular events by which ROS are involved in promoting pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vav1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1151 EP - 1155 VL - 106 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - NF-kappa B KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, p53 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Lung Injury KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Pneumoconiosis -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79619280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Reactive+oxygen+species%3A+their+relation+to+pneumoconiosis+and+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1998 Jan-Feb;28(1):1-13 [9512778] Cell. 1997 Feb 7;88(3):323-31 [9039259] J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 1998 Jul-Sep;1(3):181-97 [9644327] N Engl J Med. 1978 Mar 23;298(12):659-68 [24176] Annu Rev Biochem. 1980;49:695-726 [6250449] Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):546-7 [6259738] Fed Proc. 1982 Apr;41(6):2206-11 [6281078] Chest. 1986 Jun;89(6):859-63 [3519109] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9616-20 [2432598] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(2):237-45 [2845112] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Nov;138(5):1213-9 [2849348] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(4):435-54 [2547978] Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:1-85 [2172697] Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;10(3-4):225-42 [1650738] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992 Apr;6(4):404-13 [1312851] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1993;23(1):21-48 [8471159] N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 28;329(18):1318-27 [8413413] Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):1980-1 [8266092] Chem Biol Interact. 1994 Jun;91(2-3):91-100 [8194138] Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:141-79 [8011280] Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1994;10:405-55 [7888182] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1003-9 [7663775] Biochem J. 1996 Jan 1;313 ( Pt 1):17-29 [8546679] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Mar 1;1355(3):353-60 [9061006] FEBS Lett. 1997 Mar 3;404(1):6-10 [9074626] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:165-77 [9114285] Chem Res Toxicol. 1997 Oct;10(10):1104-8 [9348432] Erratum In: Environ Health Perspect 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1595 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of nitric oxide production by pulmonary cells following silica exposure. AN - 79618032; 9788892 AB - In vivo exposure of rat lungs to crystalline silica either by intratracheal instillation or by inhalation results in an increase in mRNA levels for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC), elevated nitric oxide (.NO) production by BALC, and an increase in .NO-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) from alveolar macrophages (AM). Induction of iNOS message occurs in both AM and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) harvested from silica-exposed lungs but is not significantly elevated in lavaged lung tissue. In vitro exposure of AM to silica does not stimulate .NO production or enhance iNOS message. However, treatment of naive AM with conditioned media from BALC harvested from silica-exposed rats does increase iNOS message and .NO production by these AM. The potency of this conditioned medium is dependent on interaction between AM and PMN. In the rat model, a relationship exists between the ability of various dusts to cause PMN recruitment or protein leakage into the alveolar space and the induction of iNOS message in BALC, i.e., silica > coal mine dust > carbonyl iron > titanium dioxide. Similarly, a comparison of BALC from a healthy volunteer, a silica-exposed coal miner with a normal chest radiograph, and a silica-exposed coal miner with an abnormal chest radiograph shows a correlation between pathology and both the level of iNOS message in BALC and the magnitude of .NO-dependent CL from AM. These data suggest that .NO may play a role in silicosis and that human pulmonary phagocytes exhibit enhanced .NO production in response to an inflammatory insult. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Huffman, L J AU - Judy, D J AU - Bylander, J E AU - Lapp, L N AU - Weber, S L AU - Blackford, J A AU - Dey, R D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1165 EP - 1169 VL - 106 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - NOS2 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, rat KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Coal Mining KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- genetics KW - Up-Regulation -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Lung -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79618032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+nitric+oxide+production+by+pulmonary+cells+following+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BHuffman%2C+L+J%3BJudy%2C+D+J%3BBylander%2C+J+E%3BLapp%2C+L+N%3BWeber%2C+S+L%3BBlackford%2C+J+A%3BDey%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Anal Biochem. 1982 Oct;126(1):131-8 [7181105] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Jul;145(1):61-7 [9221824] Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156-9 [2440339] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Dec;136(6):1429-34 [2825569] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(2):237-45 [2845112] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Nov;138(5):1213-9 [2849348] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(6):605-15 [2596484] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1990;29(3):307-16 [2156083] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):6338-42 [1648737] J Leukoc Biol. 1991 Oct;50(4):412-22 [1655939] Chest. 1992 Feb;101(2):366-70 [1735256] Occup Med. 1993 Jan-Mar;8(1):35-56 [8384379] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 1;90(15):7240-4 [7688473] J Immunol. 1993 Dec 15;151(12):7196-205 [7505023] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Oct;11(4):426-31 [7522485] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:65-8 [7705309] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Jun 27;51(3):203-18 [9183378] Food Chem Toxicol. 1984 Jul;22(7):541-3 [6378739] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency modulation on the reproductive axis of photoinhibited male Siberian hamsters. AN - 73932166; 9746730 AB - In Siberian hamsters, photostimulation evokes differential release of the gonadotropins, with FSH rising rapidly and LH levels rising much later. We have tested the hypothesis that differential release of gonadotropins in this species can be mediated by changes in the frequency of pulsatile GnRH stimulation. Photoinhibited Siberian hamsters received GnRH pulses at frequencies of 1 pulse every 45 (fast), 90 (medium), or 180 min (slow). Animals were killed at 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days after treatment. There was a clear GnRH pulse frequency effect on LH release, with fast pulses > medium pulses > slow pulses > short-day (SD) controls. In addition, 10 days of fast-frequency GnRH pulses produced LH levels significantly greater than LH levels in animals exposed to 10 days of medium or slow GnRH pulse frequencies. Pulsatile GnRH produced the following serum FSH relationships: medium pulses > fast pulses > SD. The FSH response to slow GnRH frequency fell between the two faster frequencies. The effect of GnRH pulse frequency on paired testes weight was as follows: fast pulses = medium pulses > slow pulses > SD controls. The differing GnRH pulse frequencies produced the following testosterone relationships; fast pulses > medium pulses = slow pulses = SD controls. These results agree with studies showing that slower GnRH pulse frequencies facilitate FSH release, while faster GnRH pulse frequencies favor LH release. Our observations are also consistent with the idea that the singular release of FSH after transfer of hamsters to a long-day photoperiod is mediated by alterations in the frequency of endogenous pulsatile GnRH release. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Meredith, J M AU - Turek, F W AU - Levine, J E AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 813 EP - 819 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 33515-09-2 KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phodopus KW - Animals KW - Photic Stimulation KW - Infusion Pumps KW - Testis -- anatomy & histology KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Male KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Reproduction -- physiology KW - Photoperiod KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- biosynthesis KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73932166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Effects+of+gonadotropin-releasing+hormone+pulse+frequency+modulation+on+the+reproductive+axis+of+photoinhibited+male+Siberian+hamsters.&rft.au=Meredith%2C+J+M%3BTurek%2C+F+W%3BLevine%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New composite ('quadrant') standard films for classifying radiographs of pneumoconioses. AN - 70047382; 9810154 AB - 120 chest radiographs of dust exposed persons were classified twice by each of 39 physicians, and three times by 37 of them. All film readers used both the 22 standard films accompanying the current International Labour Office's (1980) Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses, and a modified set that reproduced selected parts from some of them as quadrants of full-size films. Variability within and between readers in small opacity profusion classifications was high, but similar when using the two sets of standards. Some readers recognised irregularly shaped small opacities more frequently, in low profusion categories, when using the quadrant standards. Small rounded opacities were classified more frequently higher on the scale when using the current standards. The effects found were small although the test films included a high proportion with some small opacities. It is concluded that use of the new quadrant standards is unlikely to introduce any important bias into results from occupational health surveys. JF - Industrial health AU - Jacobsen, M AU - Miller, W E AU - Parker, J E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 380 EP - 383 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0019-8366, 0019-8366 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Observer Variation KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Radiography, Thoracic -- standards KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Health KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70047382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+health&rft.atitle=New+composite+%28%27quadrant%27%29+standard+films+for+classifying+radiographs+of+pneumoconioses.&rft.au=Jacobsen%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+W+E%3BParker%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+health&rft.issn=00198366&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated expression and altered pattern of activity of DNA methyltransferase in liver tumors of rats fed methyl-deficient diets. AN - 70035495; 9806158 AB - DNA methyltransferase (MTase) activity in nuclear extracts from neoplastic and preneoplastic livers of rats fed a methyl-deficient diet (MDD) is elevated compared with that seen in the livers of control rats. Nuclear proteins were prepared in the presence of protease inhibitors including trans-epoxy succinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanido)butane and were fractionated by isoelectric focusing. In normal, control liver, two distinct MTase fractions were observed. In MDD-induced malignant liver, a third fraction, in addition to the previous two, was also seen. Both the DNA substrate and the cytosine site specificities of the third MTase fraction differ from those of the other two fractions. The distinct MTase activity in liver tumor has significantly more de novo MTase activity than do the MTase fractions of normal, control liver. Thus, normal and neoplastic rat livers differ in DNA MTase fractionation patterns and site specificities. The altered DNA MTase activity observed in rat liver tumors caused by MDDs may be one of the critical factors contributing to cancer formation through abnormal DNA methylation. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Lopatina, N G AU - Vanyushin, B F AU - Cronin, G M AU - Poirier, L A AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1777 EP - 1781 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - DNA Modification Methylases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - DNA Methylation KW - Gene Expression KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Male KW - Choline Deficiency -- enzymology KW - DNA Modification Methylases -- metabolism KW - Methionine -- deficiency KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- enzymology KW - DNA Modification Methylases -- genetics KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70035495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Elevated+expression+and+altered+pattern+of+activity+of+DNA+methyltransferase+in+liver+tumors+of+rats+fed+methyl-deficient+diets.&rft.au=Lopatina%2C+N+G%3BVanyushin%2C+B+F%3BCronin%2C+G+M%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Lopatina&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sharps containers. AN - 70029175; 9801595 JF - Nursing AU - Morrison, A AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md., USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 73 VL - 28 IS - 10 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Medical Waste Disposal KW - 0 KW - Nursing KW - Humans KW - Occupational Health KW - Needlestick Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Medical Waste Disposal -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70029175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Sharps+containers.&rft.au=Morrison%2C+A&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cheese-associated outbreaks of human illness in the United States, 1973 to 1992: sanitary manufacturing practices protect consumers. AN - 70023232; 9798166 AB - To identify contributing factors for cheese-associated outbreaks, we reviewed all cheese-associated outbreaks of human illness reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with onsets during 1973 to 1992. The infrequency of large, cheese-associated outbreaks was notable because such outbreaks had been a frequent public health problem before the mid-20th century. Of 32 reported cheese-associated outbreaks, 11 attributed to manufacturing errors caused most of the illnesses and hospitalizations and all 58 deaths. Important factors in these 11 outbreaks were manufacturing cheese with raw or improperly pasteurized milk and postpasteurization contamination. If current Food and Drug Administration sanitary requirements for cheesemaking had been met, these outbreaks would have been preventable. In two outbreaks of Salmonella infections, fewer than 10 Salmonella per 100 g of cheese were detected. In two outbreaks of Brucella infections, efforts to recover the pathogen from the implicated cheese were unsuccessful, emphasizing the inadequacy of end product testing for assuring consumer safety. Curing cheeses kills most bacteria present in cheeses; however, evidence from sources other than the CDC Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System suggests that curing alone may not be a sufficient pathogen control step to eliminate Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli O157:H7 from cheese. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Timbo, B B AU - Mowbray, J C AU - Bean, N H AU - Potter, M E AD - Food and Drug Administration Liaison, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch (A-38), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. salterkru@vt.edu Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1405 EP - 1407 VL - 61 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Bacterial Infections -- epidemiology KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Cheese -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Infections -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70023232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Cheese-associated+outbreaks+of+human+illness+in+the+United+States%2C+1973+to+1992%3A+sanitary+manufacturing+practices+protect+consumers.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BTimbo%2C+B+B%3BMowbray%2C+J+C%3BBean%2C+N+H%3BPotter%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasonic extraction and field-portable anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of lead in workplace air samples. AN - 70009845; 9794065 AB - An on-site, field-portable analytical method for the determination of lead in workplace air samples, based on the use of ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), was evaluated. Workplace air samples were obtained using a standard method involving particulate collection onto mixed cellulose ester membrane filters. Samples were collected at work sites where airborne particulates were generated from the abrasive blasting of lead-containing paint on highway bridges. Ultrasonic extraction (UE) of air filter samples in diluted nitric acid, followed by portable ASV, was used for the determination of lead. Also, performance evaluation samples consisting of reference materials of known lead concentration were subjected to the UE-ASV procedure for lead determination. Confirmatory analyses of the air filters and performance evaluation samples subjected to the UE-ASV lead measurement method were conducted by hotplate digestion in concentrated nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide, followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) determination of lead. Recoveries of lead from performance evaluation materials (when using the UE-ASV method) were found to be quantitative. The performance of the UE-ASV method for lead in air filters was found to be acceptable, as evaluated by comparison with results from hotplate strong acid digestion followed by ICP-AES analysis. Based on the results of this study, the ultrasonic extraction/portable ASV procedure demonstrates potential for the on-site determination of lead in personal breathing zone and area air samples. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Ashley, K AU - Mapp, K J AU - Millson, M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 671 EP - 679 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Filtration -- methods KW - Electrochemistry -- methods KW - Ultrasonics KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70009845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+extraction+and+field-portable+anodic+stripping+voltammetry+for+the+determination+of+lead+in+workplace+air+samples.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BMapp%2C+K+J%3BMillson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-ligation of alpha4beta1 integrin and TCR rescues human thymocytes from steroid-induced apoptosis. AN - 70005756; 9796922 AB - Maturation of thymocytes represents a sequence of events during which thymocytes expressing TCR with moderate avidity for self antigen/MHC are positively selected, whereas those with high or insufficient TCR avidity die. Glucocorticoids are produced intrathymically and can contribute to apoptosis of unselected thymocytes. Thymocytes differentiate in a close contact with epithelial cells, expressing vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and secreting glucocorticoids, with bone marrow-derived macrophages, and with extracellular matrix containing fibronectin (FN) and collagen. Their contact with FN is mediated by alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrins. We examined the contribution of TCR and integrin signaling to the survival of thymocytes from dexamethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that FN and VCAM-1 (both of which bind alpha4beta1 integrin), but not collagen, considerably augment TCR-mediated protection of thymocytes from Dex-induced apoptosis. This 'survival' signal is transduced through the alphabeta1, but not through the alpha5beta1 integrin. The observed protection from Dex-induced apoptosis correlated with an increase in bcl-2 protein levels. FN-alpha4beta1 and VCAM-1-alpha4beta1 engagement induced up-regulation bcl-2 protein, while alpha5beta1 binding to FN induced a negative signal that was blocked by anti-alpha5beta1 antibody. These data suggest that alpha4beta1 integrin may contribute to protection of thymocytes with moderate avidity TCR from glucocorticoid-induced death during intrathymic maturation. JF - International immunology AU - Zaitseva, M B AU - Mojcik, C F AU - Salomon, D R AU - Shevach, E M AU - Golding, H AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1551 EP - 1561 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0953-8178, 0953-8178 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Fibronectins KW - Integrin alpha4beta1 KW - Integrins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - Receptors, Fibronectin KW - Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 -- pharmacology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Ionomycin -- pharmacology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Fibronectin -- physiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Fibronectins -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing -- metabolism KW - Dexamethasone -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing -- physiology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Integrins -- metabolism KW - Integrins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70005756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunology&rft.atitle=Co-ligation+of+alpha4beta1+integrin+and+TCR+rescues+human+thymocytes+from+steroid-induced+apoptosis.&rft.au=Zaitseva%2C+M+B%3BMojcik%2C+C+F%3BSalomon%2C+D+R%3BShevach%2C+E+M%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Zaitseva&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunology&rft.issn=09538178&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The water-soluble extract of chicory influences serum and liver lipid concentrations, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal lipid excretion in rats. AN - 69960418; 9772143 AB - Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32) were fed diets without fiber (control) or containing 1 or 5% chicory extract or 5% inulin for 4 wk; 0.2% cholesterol was added to all diets. Rats fed chicory extract and inulin diets had significantly higher serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and generally lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, thus significantly greater ratios of HDL/LDL cholesterol compared with the controls (P 0.05). Addition of 5% inulin to the diet resulted in greater cecal weight, whereas both 5% chicory extract and 5% inulin resulted in greater cecal propionic acid concentration compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Rats fed chicory extract and inulin had significantly greater fecal lipid, cholesterol and bile acid excretions than those fed fiber-free diets (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the improved lipid metabolism observed in rats fed chicory extract (mainly inulin component) may be caused by an alteration in the absorption and/or synthesis of cholesterol, which might result from the changes in cecal fermentation, and by an increase in the fecal excretion of lipid, cholesterol and bile acid. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Kim, M AU - Shin, H K AD - Division of Toxic Metals, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong Seoul, 122-704, Korea. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1731 EP - 1736 VL - 128 IS - 10 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Apolipoproteins KW - 0 KW - Cholesterol, HDL KW - Cholesterol, LDL KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - Lipids KW - Inulin KW - 9005-80-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- blood KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Apolipoproteins -- blood KW - Cholesterol, HDL -- blood KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Inulin -- administration & dosage KW - Dietary Fiber -- pharmacology KW - Dietary Fiber -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Inulin -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chicory KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69960418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+water-soluble+extract+of+chicory+influences+serum+and+liver+lipid+concentrations%2C+cecal+short-chain+fatty+acid+concentrations+and+fecal+lipid+excretion+in+rats.&rft.au=Kim%2C+M%3BShin%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent bioassay results on coal tars and benzo(a)pyrene: implications for risk assessment. AN - 69161236; 9927566 JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Moolgavkar, S AU - Krewski, D AU - Goldstein, L S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079-7001, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 178 EP - 179 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - p-Aminohippuric Acid KW - Y79XT83BJ9 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Coal Tar -- toxicity KW - p-Aminohippuric Acid -- toxicity KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69161236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Recent+bioassay+results+on+coal+tars+and+benzo%28a%29pyrene%3A+implications+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BMoolgavkar%2C+S%3BKrewski%2C+D%3BGoldstein%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedures for calculating benchmark doses for health risk assessment. AN - 69160163; 9927564 AB - Safety assessment for noncancer health effects generally has been based upon dividing a no observed adverse effect (NOAEL) by uncertainty (safety) factors to provide an acceptable daily intake (ADI) or reference dose (RfD). Since the NOAEL does not utilize all of the available dose-response data, allows higher ADI from poorer experiments, and may have an unknown, unacceptable level of risk, the benchmark dose (BD) with a specified, controlled low level of risk has become popular as an adjunct to the NOAEL or the low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in the safety assessment process. The purpose of this paper is to summarize statistical procedures available for calculating BDs and their confidence limits for noncancer endpoints. Procedures are presented and illustrated for quantal (binary), quasicontinuous (proportion), and continuous data. Quasicontinuous data arise in developmental studies where the measure of an effect for a fetus is quantal (normal or abnormal) but the experimental unit is the mother (litter) so that results can be expressed as the proportion of abnormal fetuses per litter. However, the correlation of effects among fetuses within a litter poses some additional statistical problems. Also, developmental studies usually include some continuous measures, such as fetal body weight or length. With continuous data there generally is not a clear demarcation between normal and adverse measurements. In such cases, extremely high and/or low measurements at some designated percentile(s) can be considered abnormal. Then the probability (risk) of abnormal individuals can be estimated as a function of dose. The procedure for estimating a BD with continuous data is illustrated using neurotoxicity data. When multiple measures of adverse effects are available, a BD can be estimated based on a selected endpoint or the appearance of any combination of endpoints. Multivariate procedures are illustrated using developmental and reproductive toxicity data. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D AU - Ryan, L AU - Krewski, D AU - Zhu, Y AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 150 EP - 164 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69160163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Procedures+for+calculating+benchmark+doses+for+health+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D%3BRyan%2C+L%3BKrewski%2C+D%3BZhu%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress. AN - 62477023; ED427123 AB - The Welfare Indicators Act of 1994 requires the Department of Health and Human Services to prepare annual reports to Congress on indicators and predictors of welfare dependence. This is the second of those annual reports. A family is defined as dependent on welfare if more than 50% of its total income in a 1-year period comes from welfare programs and this welfare income is not associated with work activities. It has not been possible to construct one single indicator of dependence. Among other limitations, the current data do not distinguish between cash benefits for which work is required and cash benefits that are paid without work. As a result, the report includes a number of indicators addressing welfare recipiency, dependence, and labor force attachment. In 1994, the most recent year for which data are available, 5.6% of the total population were dependent in the sense of receiving more than half of total income from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Food Stamps, and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). This is approximately the same rate as in the previous 2 years. The dependence rate would be lower if it were adjusted to exclude welfare assistance associated with working. Long-term dependency is relatively rare. Only 4% of those who were recipients in 1982 (less than 1% of the total population) received more than 50% of their income from welfare in 9 or 10 years over the next decade. In 1994, 46% of AFDC recipients, 38 percent of SSI recipients, and 57% of Food Stamp recipients were in families with at least one person in the labor force. The report also reviews a number of risk factors associated with welfare receipt, divided into categories of economic security measures, measures related to employment and barriers to employment, and measures of teen behavior, including nonmarital childbearing. The two "employment and work-related risk factors" most related to education are "Factor 8: Education Attainment" (p.III-49-50) and "Factor 9: High School Dropout Rates" (p.III-51-52). Three appendixes contain program data, poverty data, and additional nonmarital birth data. (Contains 98 tables and 65 figures.) (SLD) Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 201 PB - Office of Human Services Policy, Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Room 410E, 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20201; KW - Aid to Families with Dependent Children KW - Dependency (Economics) KW - Food Stamp Program KW - Supplemental Security Income Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - Urban Problems KW - Government Role KW - Welfare Reform KW - Welfare Services KW - Employment KW - Income KW - Poverty KW - Welfare Recipients KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Definitions KW - Urban Youth KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62477023?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Prenatal Alcohol Use with Maternal and Prenatal Factors in American Indian Women AN - 61630108; 9916586 AB - Demographic factors & patterns of substance use are comparatively examined among 177 Northern Plains Indian women who did, vs did not, consume alcohol during pregnancy, based on self-administered questionnaire data. Compared with nondrinkers, subjects (Ss) who drank during pregnancy were more likely to be single, have less education, & have less access to transportation resources. Ss who drank during pregnancy consumed more alcohol more frequently before pregnancy than did Ss who drank before but not during pregnancy; they were also more likely to smoke cigarettes & use illicit drugs, have parents who drank, feel they drank the same or more than other pregnant women, or have experienced more relationship breakups & physical & emotional abuse. Prenatal patients who drink alcohol need more intensive counseling regarding their multiple risk behaviors. 6 Tables, 16 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Biology AU - Kvigne, Valborg L AU - Bad Heart Bull, Loretta AU - Welty, Thomas K AU - Leonardson, Gary R AU - Lacina, Loralei AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, Public Health Service Indian Hospital, Rapid City, SD 57702 Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 214 EP - 222 VL - 45 IS - 3-4 SN - 0037-766X, 0037-766X KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Prenatal Care KW - Females KW - American Indians KW - Pregnancy KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - article KW - 2079: sociology of health and medicine; substance use/abuse & compulsive behaviors (drug abuse, addiction, alcoholism, gambling, eating disorders, etc.) KW - 1977: the family and socialization; birth control (abortion, contraception, fertility, & childbearing) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61630108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Biology&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Prenatal+Alcohol+Use+with+Maternal+and+Prenatal+Factors+in+American+Indian+Women&rft.au=Kvigne%2C+Valborg+L%3BBad+Heart+Bull%2C+Loretta%3BWelty%2C+Thomas+K%3BLeonardson%2C+Gary+R%3BLacina%2C+Loralei&rft.aulast=Kvigne&rft.aufirst=Valborg&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Biology&rft.issn=0037766X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SBGYA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alcohol Abuse; American Indians; Females; Sociodemographic Factors; Pregnancy; Substance Abuse; Prenatal Care ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of pesticide use on groundwater in North Carolina AN - 52194549; 2001-065207 AB - A North Carolina study revealed that certain pesticides have impacted groundwater above health-based standards in vulnerable areas. Ninety-seven shallow, surficial aquifer-monitoring wells were sampled at least twice. Sites for the monitoring wells were chosen based on an evaluation with the Pesticide DRASTIC model and a known record of pesticide use. Where possible, areas of greater risk were intentionally selected. Twenty-three pesticides or pesticide degradates were detected in 26 of the 97 wells. Nine of the pesticides or degradates are no longer registered for use; two of these chemicals, dibromochloropropane and methylene chloride, were found in excess of health-based guidance levels (HBGL) or state groundwater quality standards (GWQS). Of the registered pesticides or their degradates, the herbicides dichlorprop and simazine and the insecticide isomers BHC-alpha and BHC-delta were in excess of HBGL. The herbicide atrazine was detected at 83% of its GWQS. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Pesticides and Groundwater State Management Plans will be required for atrazine and simazine to be sold and used, which will provide additional protection to public health and the environment. Pesticide DRASTIC ratings or soil-leaching potential values and the proportion of wells were unrelated to pesticide detections. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Wade, Henry F AU - York, Alan C AU - Morey, A Elizabeth AU - Padmore, Joel M AU - Rudo, Kenneth M Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1018 EP - 1026 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - Halifax County North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - North Carolina KW - DRASTIC KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52194549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+pesticide+use+on+groundwater+in+North+Carolina&rft.au=Wade%2C+Henry+F%3BYork%2C+Alan+C%3BMorey%2C+A+Elizabeth%3BPadmore%2C+Joel+M%3BRudo%2C+Kenneth+M&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; DRASTIC; ground water; Halifax County North Carolina; leaching; monitoring; North Carolina; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; soils; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raw shellfish consumption among renal disease patients A risk factor for severe Vibrio vulnificus infection AN - 17385048; 4610155 AB - Raw shellfish-associated Vibrio vulnificus septicemia, with a case-fatality rate of nearly 50%, occurs most commonly in immunocompromised patients or those with liver disease. Sixty patients with renal disease treated with hemodialysis at The George Washington University and awaiting renal transplantation completed an initial survey that assessed their raw shellfish eating habits and knowledge regarding the pathogen V. vulnificus. Patients were then given educational materials describing the risks of eating raw shellfish and, one month later, completed a second survey that assessed their knowledge retention and intent to eat or not eat raw shellfish in the future. Sixty of 68 (88%) eligible patients completed the survey. Forty-eight percent of patients reported having eaten raw shellfish after being diagnosed with kidney disease, with the highest rates reported among subjects less than or equal to 49 years old and subjects with more than a high school education. Prior to receiving the educational materials, no patient had heard of the pathogen V. vulnificus. Three quarters of patients reported never having been advised by a physician to avoid eating raw shellfish. One month after reading the educational materials, 75% of patients said they would refrain from eating raw shellfish in the future. In view of their immunocompromised status, patients with end-stage renal disease should be counseled to abstain from eating raw shellfish. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Gholami, P AU - Lew, S Q AU - Klontz, K C AD - Epidemiology Branch, HFS-728, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 243 EP - 245 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - infection KW - kidney disease KW - kidney diseases KW - man KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Human food KW - Kidney diseases KW - Food poisoning KW - Food contamination KW - Hemodialysis KW - Public health KW - Food consumption KW - Risk factors KW - Seafood KW - Fishery products KW - Hazard assessment KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17385048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Raw+shellfish+consumption+among+renal+disease+patients+A+risk+factor+for+severe+Vibrio+vulnificus+infection&rft.au=Gholami%2C+P%3BLew%2C+S+Q%3BKlontz%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Gholami&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2898%2900051-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Human food; Food poisoning; Seafood; Hazard assessment; Public health; Food consumption; Risk factors; Kidney diseases; Hemodialysis; Fishery products; Risk assessment; Food contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00051-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard assessment of ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) AN - 17131545; 4434400 AB - Ackee toxicity is associated with consumption of the fruit of the tree Blighia sapida. The problem is endemic in Jamaica, and a number of cases have been reported in the U.S. among Jamaican immigrants. Illness is associated with the method of preparation of the fruit and its ripeness. Malnourished individuals and children appear to be the most susceptible. Levels of the toxic compound, hypoglycin, which are found in the arils and seeds of the fruit, significantly decrease in the arils with ripeness (from 1000 ppm to <0.1 ppm). Symptoms of ackee poisoning in humans occur 6 to 48 hours after ingestion and include vomiting, muscular and mental exhaustion, hypoglycemia, coma and death. Intravenous glucose relieves the hypoglycemia. The most likely mechanism of action occurs through the incorporation of hypoglycin into fatty acid metabolic pathways. Hypoglycin or its primary metabolite methylenecyclopropyl-acetyl-CoA inhibits the oxidation of fatty acids and leucine and the activity of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. The dose required to elicit acute responses is not known with any precision, nor is it possible to eliminate the likelihood of adverse effects with long-term ingestion of the toxin. Ingestion of unripe aril or pod and seeds represents a significant health hazard; this hazard diminishes considerably with the consumption of properly processed or prepared ripe fruit. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Henry, SH AU - Page, S W AU - Bolger, P M AD - Contaminants Standards and Monitoring Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA, mzb@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1175 EP - 1187 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Blighia sapida KW - Jamaica KW - USA KW - food-borne diseases KW - fruits KW - immigrants KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Food KW - Ingestion KW - Toxins KW - Hazards KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Hazard+assessment+of+ackee+fruit+%28Blighia+sapida%29&rft.au=Henry%2C+SH%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ingestion; Toxins; Risk assessment; Hazards; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of toxin production by isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum and Memnoniella echinata isolated during a study of pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants AN - 17129609; 4433272 AB - A cluster of cases of pulmonary hemosiderosis among infants was reported in Cleveland, Ohio, during 1993 and 1994. These unusual cases appeared only in infants ranging in age from 1 to 8 months and were characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, which caused the babies to cough up blood. A case-control study identified major home water damage (from plumbing leaks, roof leaks, or flooding) as a risk factor for development of pulmonary hemorrhage in these infants. Because of an interest in the possibility that trichothecene mycotoxins might be involved in this illness, a number of isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum were grown in the laboratory on rice, and extracts were prepared and analyzed both for cytotoxicity and for specific toxins. Two isolates of Memnoniella echinata, a fungus closely related to S. chartarum, were also included in these studies. S. chartarum isolates collected from the homes were shown to produce a number of highly toxic compounds, and the profiles of toxic compounds from M. echinata were similar; the most notable difference was the fact that the principal metabolites produced by M. echinata were griseofulvins. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jarvis, B B AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Hintikka, E-L AU - Nikulin, M AU - Zhou, Y AU - Jiang, J AU - Wang, Sh AU - Hinkley, S AU - Etzel, R A AU - Dearborn, D AD - NIOSH/DRDS, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, wgs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 3620 EP - 3625 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - USA, Ohio KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lung diseases KW - Stachybotrys chartarum KW - Mycotoxins KW - Memnoniella echinata KW - Griseofulvin KW - Infants KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17129609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Study+of+toxin+production+by+isolates+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+and+Memnoniella+echinata+isolated+during+a+study+of+pulmonary+hemosiderosis+in+infants&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+B+B%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BHintikka%2C+E-L%3BNikulin%2C+M%3BZhou%2C+Y%3BJiang%2C+J%3BWang%2C+Sh%3BHinkley%2C+S%3BEtzel%2C+R+A%3BDearborn%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Memnoniella echinata; Stachybotrys chartarum; Griseofulvin; Mycotoxins; Lung diseases; Infants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Indole-3-Carbinol (Indole-3-Methanol) and 3-(Methoxymethyl)Indole. [Part I] AN - 17114171; 4422764 AB - Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) (2) is produced endogenously from naturally occurring glucosinolates contained in a wide variety of plant food substances including members of the family Cruciferae, and particularly members of the genus Brassica, whenever they are crushed or cooked. The acid environment of the gut very facilely converts it into a range of polyaromatic indolic compounds, e.g. (3,4,5), which appear to be responsible for many of the physiological effects observed following the ingestion of these foods. 3-(Methoxymethyl)indole (6) is formed with great ease whenever 2 contacts methylating agents, including methanol, and it is often found as a contaminant of 2. This contamination is often not recognized or easily removed because of the great similarities of the two in melting points and solubilities. However, their biological properties are essentially identical. These so-called chemopreventive compounds are important because of their enzyme induction and suppression, mutagenic, carcinogenic and, particularly, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. The natural occurrence, formation, preparation, identification, separation, quantification, chemical transformations and general toxicological properties of these substances are critically reviewed in detail in this paper of 146 references, the first of two parts. The enzyme induction and suppression, mutagenic, antimutagenic, mutagenic, anticarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects will be published later as Part II. At the present time it appears that these have considerable potential as natural prophylactic anticancer agents against certain common neoplasms, especially inasmuch modern diets are increasingly deficient in these vegetable-derived substances. JF - Current Medicinal Chemistry AU - Broadbent, T A AU - Broadbent, H S AD - Food & Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and research, ONDC, DNDC-1, Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products (HFD-120), Woodmont II, 1451 Rockville Pike, Rockville MD 20852-1420, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 337 EP - 352 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0929-8673, 0929-8673 KW - 3-(methoxymethyl)indole KW - indole-3-carbinol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17114171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+and+Pharmacology+of+Indole-3-Carbinol+%28Indole-3-Methanol%29+and+3-%28Methoxymethyl%29Indole.+%5BPart+I%5D&rft.au=Broadbent%2C+T+A%3BBroadbent%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Broadbent&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.issn=09298673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Worksite health promotion programs in the U.S.: Factors associated with availability and participation AN - 17101574; 4410926 AB - This study examines how the availability of and participation in worksite health promotion programs varies as a function of individual (e.g., age), organizational (e.g., occupation), and health (e.g., high blood pressure) characteristics. Availability of worksite programs was also compared to that reported in two previous national surveys of private companies. Data analyzed were from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a national cross-sectional probability sample of the U.S. civilian population. Five thousand two hundred nineteen NHIS respondents met the inclusion criteria of (1) being currently employed in a company of at least 50 employees, and (2) completing the NHIS section on worksite health promotion. Employees indicated the availability of, and their participation in, 33 different types of worksite programs. National Health Interview Survey data were also available regarding general health, blood pressure, body mass index, and medical conditions. Smoking cessation programs had the highest mean availability (43%), followed by health education programs (31%) and screening tests (31%). Overall, availability of worksite programs appeared comparable to that reported in a recent national survey. Participation ranged from 32% for health education programs to 5% for smoking cessation programs. Compared to availability, participation depended less on individual and organizational characteristics. Healthy employees were not consistently more likely to participate in worksite health promotion programs than nonhealthy employees. Although availability of worksite health promotion programs remains high, participation by employees in specific types of programs can vary widely. Attempts to increase participation should look beyond individual, health, and organizational variables, to specific features of the work environment that encourage involvement in health promotion activities. JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - Grosch, J W AU - Alterman, T AU - Petersen, M R AU - Murphy, L R AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 36 EP - 45 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - USA KW - health promotion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Smoking KW - Education KW - Management KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=Worksite+health+promotion+programs+in+the+U.S.%3A+Factors+associated+with+availability+and+participation&rft.au=Grosch%2C+J+W%3BAlterman%2C+T%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BMurphy%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Grosch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoking; Occupational health; Education; Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effective, nonsensitizing vaccination with culture filtrate proteins against virulent Mycobacterium bovis infections in mice AN - 16518845; 4423398 AB - Vaccination of mice with Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate proteins (CFP), prepared in a variety of adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide, Quil-A, and dimethyldioctyldecyl ammonium bromide [DDA]), provided significant protection against an aerosol challenge of virulent M. bovis. Additionally, vaccination with CFP in DDA or Quil-A did not sensitize mice to M. bovis purified protein derivative. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Bosio, C M AU - Orme, I M AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Division of Bacterial Products, CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, bosio@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 5048 EP - 5051 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Aluminum hydroxide KW - Dimethyldioctyldecyl ammonium bromide KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16518845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Effective%2C+nonsensitizing+vaccination+with+culture+filtrate+proteins+against+virulent+Mycobacterium+bovis+infections+in+mice&rft.au=Bosio%2C+C+M%3BOrme%2C+I+M&rft.aulast=Bosio&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ischemic colitis and sumatriptan use. AN - 73987923; 9759693 AB - Sumatriptan succinate, a serotonin-1 (5-hydroxytryptamine-1) receptor agonist, is an antimigraine drug that is reported to act by selectively constricting intracranial arteries. Recently, vasopressor responses that are distinct from the cranial circulation have been demonstrated to occur in the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulations. Cases have been published of coronary vasospasm, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction occurring after sumatriptan use. We report on the development of 8 serious cases of ischemic colitis in patients with migraine treated with sumatriptan. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Knudsen, J F AU - Friedman, B AU - Chen, M AU - Goldwasser, J E AD - Division of Neuropharmacologic Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998/09/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 28 SP - 1946 EP - 1948 VL - 158 IS - 17 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Serotonin Receptor Agonists KW - 0 KW - Vasoconstrictor Agents KW - Sumatriptan KW - 8R78F6L9VO KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Migraine Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Serotonin Receptor Agonists -- adverse effects KW - Vasoconstrictor Agents -- adverse effects KW - Colitis, Ischemic -- chemically induced KW - Sumatriptan -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73987923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Ischemic+colitis+and+sumatriptan+use.&rft.au=Knudsen%2C+J+F%3BFriedman%2C+B%3BChen%2C+M%3BGoldwasser%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Knudsen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-28&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Intern Med. 1999 May 24;159(10):1141-2 [10335694] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of cloud-point extraction-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A preliminary study of the extraction and quantification of vitamins A and E in human serum and whole blood. AN - 70062906; 9824225 AB - Methods available for quantification of vitamins A and E in serum or blood requires preconcentration and clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction, evaporation of the extract, and reconstitution of the extract in a solvent of choice before analysis. This process not only involves the use of toxic organic solvents but also requires a long sample preparation time. The lipids and other non-polar coextractants often require additional steps for sample clean-up and evaporation, which may cause sample losses. The use of cloud-point extraction eliminates most of these sample clean-up problems. We recently demonstrated that cloud-point extraction (CPE) can be used for extraction and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) from human serum. We now demonstrate how CPE can be used with human serum and blood, at volumes as low as 50 microl, and report a methodology for extracting and quantifying two clinically important vitamins, (A and E) from human serum and blood. Vitamins A and E were extracted from human serum and blood by using Genapol X-80 as the cloud-point extractant under salting out conditions. Serum and blood samples were diluted in organic-free water to get sufficiently large sample volumes for CPE. The surfactant-rich phases were separated by centrifugation, and the samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV after deleterious coextractants were removed by precipitating them with acetonitrile. The recoveries of spiked vitamins A and E were found to be 85.6+/-0.4% and 82.6+/-5.2%, respectively. The average concentration of vitamins A and E in a serum pool after correction for recoveries were found to be 43.4+/-1.8 microg/dl (1.5+/-0.1 micromol/l) and 564.3+/-65.3 microg/dl (13.1+/-1.5 micromol/l), respectively. Vitamin A and E concentrations in whole blood were found to be 26.3+/-0.4 microg/dl (0.92+/-0.01 micromol/l) and 457.5+/-15.6 microg/dl (10.6+/-0.4 micromol/l), respectively. These values are comparable with those obtained by the reference method used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The success of the preliminary study will lead to a comprehensive validation of this method for vitamins A and E in serum and blood. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Sirimanne, S R AU - Patterson, D G AU - Ma, L AU - Justice, J B AD - Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1998/09/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 25 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 716 IS - 1-2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - genapol X 080 KW - 9043-30-5 KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Vitamin E -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70062906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Application+of+cloud-point+extraction-reversed-phase+high-performance+liquid+chromatography.+A+preliminary+study+of+the+extraction+and+quantification+of+vitamins+A+and+E+in+human+serum+and+whole+blood.&rft.au=Sirimanne%2C+S+R%3BPatterson%2C+D+G%3BMa%2C+L%3BJustice%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Sirimanne&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-25&rft.volume=716&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of botanical dietary supplements by Digitalis lanata. AN - 73905774; 9738088 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Slifman, N R AU - Obermeyer, W R AU - Aloi, B K AU - Musser, S M AU - Correll, W A AU - Cichowicz, S M AU - Betz, J M AU - Love, L A AD - Office of Special Nutritionals, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204-0001, USA. Y1 - 1998/09/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 17 SP - 806 EP - 811 VL - 339 IS - 12 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Lanatosides KW - 0 KW - Digoxin KW - 73K4184T59 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Digitalis KW - Heart Block -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Vomiting -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Digoxin -- blood KW - Female KW - Lanatosides -- adverse effects KW - Lanatosides -- analysis KW - Drug Contamination KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Plantago -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Supplements -- adverse effects KW - Plantago -- chemistry KW - Dietary Supplements -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73905774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+botanical+dietary+supplements+by+Digitalis+lanata.&rft.au=Slifman%2C+N+R%3BObermeyer%2C+W+R%3BAloi%2C+B+K%3BMusser%2C+S+M%3BCorrell%2C+W+A%3BCichowicz%2C+S+M%3BBetz%2C+J+M%3BLove%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Slifman&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-09-17&rft.volume=339&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 17;339(12):839-41 [9738094] N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 18;340(7):568 [10026052] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Litterfall and nitrogen-use efficiency of plantations and primary forest in the eastern Brazilian Amazon AN - 17102824; 4400633 AB - Aboveground fine litterfall and decomposition are critical processes for transferring nutrients from forest biomass to soils, and the conversion of Brazilian terra-firme forest to tree plantations with varied litterfall characteristics has altered soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and storages at the Curu a -Una Forest Reserve, Par a , Brazil. In this study, we investigated the relationship between soil N storages and aboveground litter inputs by measuring fine litterfall, litter N inputs, forest-floor mass and turnover, foliar N concentrations, and within-stand nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) for one year under four plantations and adjacent undisturbed forest. The plantations consisted of replicated plots of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (36-year old), Carapa guianensis (36-year old), Euxylophora paraensis (23-year old), and a Leguminosae combination (Parkia multijuga, Dinizia excelsa, and Dalbergia nigra, all 36-year old). Fine litterfall ranged from 8.0 (Euxylophora paraensis) to 10.3 t ha super(-1) year super(-1) (Pinus caribaea), forest-floor mass from 7.2 (forest) to 11.0 t ha super(-1) (Pinus caribaea), total fine litterfall N inputs from 43 (Pinus caribaea) to 134 kg ha super(-1) year super(-1) (legumes), and foliar N concentrations from 9 (Pinus caribaea) to 18.8 mg g super(-1) (legumes). Relative to adjacent terra-firme forest, total N storages in surface mineral soils, forest-floor mass, and fine roots (live+dead) ranged from a net decrease of 15.7% under Pinus caribaea to a net increase of 14% under Euxylophora paraensis. The replacement of terra-firme forest with plantations of tree species with varied phenologies and resource requirements altered soil N storages, but these changes were not related to total fine litter N inputs, needle and foliar N concentrations, or within-stand nitrogen-use efficiency. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Smith, K AU - Gholz, H L AU - Oliveira, FDA AD - School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Y1 - 1998/09/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 16 SP - 209 EP - 220 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 109 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Brazil KW - nitrogen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest floor KW - Plantations KW - Litter fall KW - Soil nutrients KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Litterfall+and+nitrogen-use+efficiency+of+plantations+and+primary+forest+in+the+eastern+Brazilian+Amazon&rft.au=Smith%2C+K%3BGholz%2C+H+L%3BOliveira%2C+FDA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil nutrients; Litter fall; Forest floor; Plantations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic animal models for mutagenesis studies: Role in mutagenesis research and regulatory testing AN - 17135610; 4437286 AB - The theme of today's panel discussion is the future of transgenic mammalian mutagenesis models and how they may be used in the field of mutagenesis research and regulatory testing. Clearly, the study of mutations and their effects on gene function have contributed in many important ways to our understanding of the science of genetics, including the nature and mechanics of heritability and gene function, and the relationship of sequence alterations to disease. The advent in the early 1990s of transgenic animal models containing the lacZ and lacI bacterial transgenes recoverable by the lambda shuttle vector [Gossen et al., 1989; Kohler et al., 1990, 1991] has created a new era in which it is possible, for the first time, to monitor, recover, and sequence mutations that arise in virtually all mammalian tissues in vivo, and to perform such studies at a reasonable cost. There can be little doubt that this capability will lead to new and important information about factors that control mammalian mutagenesis in vivo. Data obtained with these systems will serve to delineate both the utility and limitations of these types of transgenic rodent models that contain a recoverable chromosomal insert of bacterial DNA. A number of important questions are already being addressed with these models, including whether mutagens active in vitro give similar mutation spectra and quantitative responses in various tissues in vivo, whether mutations in "neutral" inactive reporter genes correlate with cancer induction in various tissues and with various classes of carcinogenic agents, and whether mutagenic responses in bacterial transgenes are a reasonable surrogate for mutagenesis in endogenous genes in the same tissue in vivo. The answers to these and other questions will determine the utility of current models and help to define the need for specific requirements in the next generation of transgenic models. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - MacGregor, J T AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1998/09/14/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 14 SP - 106 EP - 109 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Animal models KW - Genotoxicity testing KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagenesis KW - Transgenic animals KW - Gene transfer KW - Reporter gene KW - Reviews KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17135610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Transgenic+animal+models+for+mutagenesis+studies%3A+Role+in+mutagenesis+research+and+regulatory+testing&rft.au=MacGregor%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=MacGregor&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-14&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reporter gene; Mutagenesis; Gene transfer; Reviews; Animal models; Carcinogens; Transgenic animals; Genotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association of nonsense codons with exon skipping AN - 17128898; 4434857 AB - Some genes that contain premature nonsense codons express alternatively-spliced mRNA that has skipped the exon containing the nonsense codon. This paradoxical association of translation signals (nonsense codons) and RNA splicing has inspired numerous explanations. The first is based on the fact that premature nonsense codons often reduce mRNA abundance. The reduction in abundance of full-length mRNA then allows more efficient amplification during PCR of normal, minor, exon-deleted products. This mechanism has been demonstrated to explain an extensive correlation between nonsense codons and exon-skipping for the hamster Hprt gene. The second explanation is that the mutation producing an in-frame nonsense codon has an effect on exon definition. This has been demonstrated for the Mup and hamster Hprt gene by virtue of the fact that missense mutations at the same sites also are associated with the same exon-deleted mRNA. The third general explanation is that a hypothetical process takes place in the nucleus that recognizes nonsense codons, termed `nuclear scanning', which then has an effect on mRNA splicing. Definitive evidence for nuclear scanning is lacking. My analysis of both nonsense and missense mutations associated with exon skipping in a large number of genes revealed that both types of mutations frequently introduce a T into a purine-rich DNA sequence and are often within 30 base pairs of the nearest exon boundary. This is intriguing given that purine-rich splicing enhancers are known to be inhibited by the introduction of a T. Almost all mutations associated with exon skipping occur in purine-rich or A/C-rich sequences, also characteristics of splicing enhancers. I conclude that most cases of exon skipping associated with premature termination codons may be adequately explained either by a structural effect on exon definition or by nonquantitative methods to measure mRNA, rather than an effect on a putative nuclear scanning mechanism. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Valentine, C R AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT-120, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 87 EP - 117 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 411 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - Hprt gene KW - Mup gene KW - exon skipping KW - hamsters KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Splicing KW - Exons KW - Codons KW - mRNA KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17128898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=The+association+of+nonsense+codons+with+exon+skipping&rft.au=Valentine%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=411&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Splicing; mRNA; Codons; Exons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity in workers exposed to methyl bromide AN - 16488603; 4389254 AB - To address the genotoxicity of in vivo methyl bromide (CAS 74-83-9) exposure in humans, we collected blood and oropharyngeal cells as part of a cross-sectional morbidity study of methyl bromide-exposed fumigation workers and their referents. Micronuclei were measured in lymphocytes and oropharyngeal cells, and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (hprt) mutations were measured in lymphocytes. A total of 32 workers and 28 referents provided specimens. Among current non-smokers, mean hprt variant frequencies (Vfs) were found to be elevated among workers compared to referents (geometric mean: workers=4.49 x 10 super(-6), referents=2.96 x 10 super(-6); two-sided p=0.22); this difference was more pronounced among workers with 4 h or more of recent methyl bromide exposure compared to referents (geometric mean: workers=6.56 x 10 super(-6), referents=2.96 x 10 super(-6); two-sided p=0.06). Mean oropharyngeal cell micronuclei were higher among workers compared to referents (mean: workers=2.00, referents=1.31; two-sided p=0.08); the results were similar when workers with 4 h or more of recent methyl bromide exposure were compared to referents (mean: workers=2.07, referents=1.31; two-sided p=0.13). No consistent differences between workers and referents were observed for frequencies of kinetochore-negative lymphocyte micronuclei, or kinetochore-positive lymphocyte micronuclei. The study was limited by a sample size sufficient only for detecting relatively large differences, absence of a reliable method to measure the intensity of workplace methyl bromide exposures, and relatively infrequent methyl bromide exposure (e.g., the median length of exposure to methyl bromide during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 4 h). In conclusion, our findings provide some evidence that methyl bromide exposure may be associated with genotoxic effects in lymphocytes and oropharyngeal cells. Further study on the genotoxicity of methyl bromide exposure in humans is warranted. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Calvert, G M AU - Talaska, G AU - Mueller, CA AU - Ammenheuser, M M AU - Au, W W AU - Fajen, J M AU - Fleming, LE AU - Briggle, T AU - Ward, E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard, Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 115 EP - 128 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 417 IS - 2-3 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - hprt gene KW - man KW - methyl bromide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16488603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+in+workers+exposed+to+methyl+bromide&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BMueller%2C+CA%3BAmmenheuser%2C+M+M%3BAu%2C+W+W%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BFleming%2C+LE%3BBriggle%2C+T%3BWard%2C+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Has the impact of helicobacter pylori therapy on ulcer recurrence in the united states been overstated? AN - 807279527; 13786380 AB - Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of H. pylori eradication on ulcer recurrence in North American duodenal ulcer patients by examining only treatment studies that met rigorous methodologic criteria. Methods:Data sources were computerized bibliographic searches from 1983, review of reference lists, communication with companies that manufacture medications used for H. pylori therapy in the U.S., and H. pylori investigators, review of open presentations to the Food and Drug Administration, and review of abstracts from annual scientific meetings. Criteria for study inclusion were double blind, randomized North American trials of H. pylori therapy for duodenal ulcer, scheduled endoscopic follow-up exams for .6 months, and H. pylori cure documented .4 wk after completion of therapy by at least two endoscopic biopsy tests. Seven relevant trials were identified. Data were abstracted independently and disagreement was resolved by consensus. We obtained missing data and identified erroneous assessments through contact with an author or sponsor of all studies. Results:The common odds ratio for ulcer recurrence was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.13-0.31) and 2.8 patients would need to be successfully treated to prevent one ulcer recurrence at 6 months. The pooled ulcer recurrence rate at 6 months in patients with H. pylori eradication was 20%. Conclusion:Results of North American studies of highest methodological quality confirm that H. pylori eradication markedly decreases ulcer recurrence. Nevertheless, 20% of patients in these studies had ulcer recurrence within 6 months, despite successful cure of infection and no reported use of NSAIDs. Non-H. pylori, non-NSAID ulcers may be more common in the U.S. than previously believed.American Journal of Gastroenterology (1998) 93, 1409-1415; doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.452ULa.x JF - American Journal of Gastroenterology AU - Laine, Loren AU - Hopkins, Robert J AU - Girardi, Luigi S AD - [1] 1 Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, U.S.C. School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California USA [2] 2 Food and Drug Administration, Division of Anti-Infective Drug Products, Rockville, Maryland USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1409 EP - 1415 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 93 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Biopsy KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - Ulcers KW - J:02400 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807279527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Has+the+impact+of+helicobacter+pylori+therapy+on+ulcer+recurrence+in+the+united+states+been+overstated%3F&rft.au=Laine%2C+Loren%3BHopkins%2C+Robert+J%3BGirardi%2C+Luigi+S&rft.aulast=Laine&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1572-0241.1998.452ULa.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ulcers; Helicobacter pylori DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.452ULa.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of specific nucleotide sequences within the conserved 3'-SL in the dengue type 2 virus genome required for replication. AN - 80057171; 9696848 AB - The flavivirus genome is a positive-stranded approximately 11-kb RNA including 5' and 3' noncoding regions (NCR) of approximately 100 and 400 to 600 nucleotides (nt), respectively. The 3' NCR contains adjacent, thermodynamically stable, conserved short and long stem-and-loop structures (the 3'-SL), formed by the 3'-terminal approximately 100 nt. The nucleotide sequences within the 3'-SL are not well conserved among species. We examined the requirement for the 3'-SL in the context of dengue virus type 2 (DEN2) replication by mutagenesis of an infectious cDNA copy of a DEN2 genome. Genomic full-length RNA was transcribed in vitro and used to transfect monkey kidney cells. A substitution mutation, in which the 3'-terminal 93 nt constituting the wild-type (wt) DEN2 3'-SL sequence were replaced by the 96-nt sequence of the West Nile virus (WN) 3'-SL, was sublethal for virus replication. An analysis of the growth phenotypes of additional mutant viruses derived from RNAs containing DEN2-WN chimeric 3'-SL structures suggested that the wt DEN2 nucleotide sequence forming the bottom half of the long stem and loop in the 3'-SL was required for viability. One 7-bp substitution mutation in this domain resulted in a mutant virus that grew well in monkey kidney cells but was severely restricted in cultured mosquito cells. In contrast, transpositions of and/or substitutions in the wt DEN2 nucleotide sequence in the top half of the long stem and in the short stem and loop were relatively well tolerated, provided the stem-loop secondary structure was conserved. JF - Journal of virology AU - Zeng, L AU - Falgout, B AU - Markoff, L AD - Laboratory of Vector-Borne Virus Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 7510 EP - 7522 VL - 72 IS - 9 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - RNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Viral Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - Viral Proteins -- analysis KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - West Nile virus -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Automatic Data Processing KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Cell Line KW - Virus Replication KW - Conserved Sequence KW - RNA, Viral -- chemistry KW - Genome, Viral KW - Dengue Virus -- genetics KW - Dengue Virus -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80057171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+specific+nucleotide+sequences+within+the+conserved+3%27-SL+in+the+dengue+type+2+virus+genome+required+for+replication.&rft.au=Zeng%2C+L%3BFalgout%2C+B%3BMarkoff%2C+L&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=7510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Mol Biol. 1986 Nov 5;192(1):101-10 [3820298] Virology. 1986 Aug;153(1):113-21 [3016981] Anal Biochem. 1987 Nov 1;166(2):368-79 [2449095] Biochemistry. 1987 Dec 15;26(25):8221-7 [3327519] Gene. 1989 Feb 20;75(2):197-211 [2714651] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1990;44:649-88 [2174669] Methods Enzymol. 1991;194:3-21 [2005794] Cell. 1991 Aug 9;66(3):577-88 [1907891] Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):529-36 [1934059] Gene. 1991 Dec 15;108(2):185-91 [1660836] J Virol. 1992 Dec;66(12):7121-7 [1433509] J Virol. 1993 May;67(5):2764-71 [8474174] J Virol. 1993 Jun;67(6):2961-71 [8388482] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 29;91(7):2395-400 [8146129] Virology. 1995 Feb 20;207(1):68-76 [7871753] J Virol. 1995 Jun;69(6):3848-51 [7745733] J Virol. 1995 Sep;69(9):5650-8 [7637011] Virology. 1996 Feb 15;216(2):317-25 [8607261] J Virol. 1996 Jun;70(6):3930-7 [8648730] Biochemistry. 1996 Apr 2;35(13):4222-30 [8672458] J Virol. 1996 Sep;70(9):6269-77 [8709254] J Virol. 1996 Sep;70(9):6278-87 [8709255] J Virol. 1997 May;71(5):3466-73 [9094618] J Virol. 1997 Jul;71(7):5366-74 [9188607] J Virol. 1997 Sep;71(9):6433-44 [9261361] FEBS Lett. 1985 Aug 19;188(1):159-63 [3839464] Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33 [4023707] J Gen Virol. 1986 Jun;67 ( Pt 6):1183-8 [3011975] Virology. 1986 Jul 30;152(2):483-6 [3727403] Virology. 1988 Feb;162(2):290-9 [2829420] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel exhaust and lung cancer in the trucking industry: exposure-response analyses and risk assessment. AN - 80055919; 9698990 AB - Diesel exhaust is considered a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The epidemiologic evidence rests on studies of lung cancer among truck drivers, bus drivers, shipyard workers, and railroad workers. The general public is exposed to diesel exhaust in ambient air. Two regulatory agencies are now considering regulating levels of diesel exhaust: the California EPA (ambient levels) and the Mine Safety Health Administration (MSHA) (occupational levels). To date, there have been few quantitative exposure-response analyses of diesel and lung cancer based on human data. We conducted exposure-response analyses among workers in the trucking industry, adjusted for smoking. Diesel exhaust exposure was estimated based on a 1990 industrial hygiene survey. Past exposures were estimated assuming that they were a function of 1) the number of heavy duty trucks on the road, 2) the particulate emissions (grams/mile) of diesel engines over time, and 3) leaks from trucks' exhaust systems for long-haul drivers. Regardless of assumptions about past exposure, all analyses resulted in significant positive trends in lung cancer risk with increasing cumulative exposure. A male truck driver exposed to 5 micrograms/m3 of elemental carbon (a typical exposure in 1990, approximately five times urban background levels) would have a lifetime excess risk of lung cancer of 1-2% above a background risk of 5%. We found a lifetime excess risk ten times higher than the 1 per 1,000 excess risk allowed by OSHA in setting regulations. There are about 2.8 million truck drivers in the U.S. Our results depend on estimates about unknown past exposures, and should be viewed as exploratory. They conform reasonably well to recent estimates for diesel-exposed railroad workers done by the California EPA, although those results themselves have been disputed. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Stayner, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati Ohio 45226. knsl@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 220 EP - 228 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80055919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Diesel+exhaust+and+lung+cancer+in+the+trucking+industry%3A+exposure-response+analyses+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Symposium overview: the use of delayed matching-to-sample procedures in studies of short-term memory in animals and humans. AN - 73964182; 9761587 AB - Behavioral paradigms applicable for use in both human and nonhuman subjects for investigating aspects of working/short-term memory are presented with a view towards exploring their strengths, weaknesses, and utility in a variety of experimental situations. Such procedures can be useful in teasing out specific aspects of mnemonic processes including discrimination, encoding, and retention. Delayed matching-to-position, delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS), and titrating matching-to-sample procedures are highlighted. Additionally, the application of DMTS tasks in preclinical and clinical settings is presented: drug effects on memory processes can be explored preclinically in animal models; normative data have been developed in human populations where they have been used in adults to explore the relationships between mnemonic processes and specific clinical entities such as Parkinsonism, senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, schizophrenia, and depression. Studies in children indicate that encoding and retention processes improve rapidly in the early years, plateauing prior to puberty. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) indicate that activity in specific brain areas is associated with DMTS task performance and may serve to confirm roles for such structures in mnemonic processes. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Maurissen, J P AU - Wenger, G R AU - Buccafusco, J J AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Elliott, R Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 493 EP - 502 VL - 20 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Memory, Short-Term KW - Discrimination (Psychology) KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Psychological Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73964182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Symposium+overview%3A+the+use+of+delayed+matching-to-sample+procedures+in+studies+of+short-term+memory+in+animals+and+humans.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BBushnell%2C+P+J%3BMaurissen%2C+J+P%3BWenger%2C+G+R%3BBuccafusco%2C+J+J%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BElliott%2C+R&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism for inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by leucomalachite green. AN - 73941881; 9760285 AB - The triphenylmethane dye, malachite green (MG), is used to treat and prevent fungal and parasitic infections in the aquaculture industry. It has been reported that the reduced metabolite of MG, leucomalachite green (LMG), accumulates in the tissues of fish treated with MG. MG is structurally related to other triphenylmethane dyes (e.g., gentian violet and pararosaniline) that are carcinogenic in the liver, thyroid, and other organs of experimental animals. The ability of LMG to inhibit thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyzes the iodination and coupling reactions required for thyroid hormone synthesis, was determined in this study. LMG inhibited TPO-catalyzed tyrosine iodination (half-maximal inhibition at ca. 10 microM). LMG also inhibited the TPO-catalyzed formation of thyroxine in low-iodine human goiter thyroglobulin (half-maximal inhibition at ca. 10 microM) using a model system that measures simultaneous iodination and coupling. Direct inhibition of the coupling reaction by LMG was shown using a coupling-only system containing chemically preiodinated thyroglobulin as the substrate. Incubation of LMG with TPO, iodide, and tyrosine in the presence of a H2O2-generating system yielded oxidation products that were identified by using on-line LC/APCI-MS as desmethyl LMG, 2desmethyl LMG, 3desmethyl LMG, MG, and MG N-oxide. Similar products from LMG were observed in incubations with TPO and H2O2 alone. These findings suggest that the anti-thyroid effects (increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and decreased serum thyroxine) observed in rats treated with LMG result from blockade of hormone synthesis through alternate substrate inhibition and that chronic exposure could cause thyroid follicular cell tumors through a hormonal mechanism. The observed TPO-catalyzed oxidative demethylation of LMG to a primary arylamine also suggests a genotoxic mechanism for tumor formation is possible. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Doerge, D R AU - Chang, H C AU - Divi, R L AU - Churchwell, M I AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. ddoerge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1098 EP - 1104 VL - 11 IS - 9 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Iodine KW - 9679TC07X4 KW - Iodide Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Thyroid Hormones -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Iodine -- metabolism KW - Coloring Agents -- pharmacology KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73941881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Mechanism+for+inhibition+of+thyroid+peroxidase+by+leucomalachite+green.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChang%2C+H+C%3BDivi%2C+R+L%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel source of carbon monoxide poisoning: explosives used in construction. AN - 73896647; 9737505 AB - We describe an incident of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning caused by CO migrating through soil after nearby detonation of explosive charges. Employees worked in a newly installed, unconnected manhole without incident and finished shortly before underground explosives were detonated 50 feet south of the manhole to break up rock and soil. A worker entering the manhole 45 minutes after the explosion collapsed within minutes, as did two coworkers who rescued him. One worker died, and all had elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin. Air samples collected from the manhole 2 days after the incident showed 1,910 ppm CO; in laboratory detonations, sample explosive yielded 27 L CO per kilogram detonated. We believe the CO in this incident was released from the nearby explosion and migrated through soil and fractured rock into the manhole. The blasting and construction industries should be made aware of this previously unrecognized route of CO exposure. Additionally, confined-space procedures and training are needed to prevent future accidents. JF - Annals of emergency medicine AU - Deitchman, S AU - Decker, J AU - Santis, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sed2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 381 EP - 384 VL - 32 IS - 3 Pt 1 SN - 0196-0644, 0196-0644 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Carboxyhemoglobin KW - 9061-29-4 KW - Nitroglycerin KW - G59M7S0WS3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Nitroglycerin -- adverse effects KW - Carboxyhemoglobin -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Explosions KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- blood KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73896647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=A+novel+source+of+carbon+monoxide+poisoning%3A+explosives+used+in+construction.&rft.au=Deitchman%2C+S%3BDecker%2C+J%3BSantis%2C+L&rft.aulast=Deitchman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3+Pt+1&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=01960644&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Jun;35(6):629-31 [10828782] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular epidemiology of epithelial tumors. AN - 70025037; 9800119 AB - Within the past year there has been a dramatic increase in the number of molecular epidemiologic studies reported in the literature, particularly those evaluating gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Molecular epidemiologic studies have become more sophisticated owing to collaborations between laboratory scientists and epidemiologists, and because these studies are now conducted on well-characterized populations with appropriate study design. Although there continue to be inconsistencies across some studies, it is clear that the evaluation of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions can delineate portions of the population who are particularly sensitive to certain carcinogenic exposures, based on polymorphisms in genes involved in preventing and controlling carcinogenesis. Identification of these subsets of susceptible individuals can result in the design of preventive strategies targeting the most "at risk" populations. JF - Current opinion in oncology AU - Ambrosone, C AU - Thompson, P AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 467 EP - 474 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1040-8746, 1040-8746 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oncogenes -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Diet KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial -- genetics KW - Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70025037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+oncology&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology+of+epithelial+tumors.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C%3BThompson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+oncology&rft.issn=10408746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. V. Xylenes: health effects, toxicokinetics, human exposure, and environmental fate. AN - 69987418; 9782568 AB - Xylenes, or dimethylbenzenes, are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for gasoline blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of phthalates and polyester. They are often encountered as a mixture of the three dimethyl isomers, together with ethylbenzene. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Fay, M AU - Eisenmann, C AU - Diwan, S AU - de Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rmf4@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 571 EP - 781 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Xylenes KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Xylenes -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Xylenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Exposure -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69987418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=ATSDR+evaluation+of+health+effects+of+chemicals.+V.+Xylenes%3A+health+effects%2C+toxicokinetics%2C+human+exposure%2C+and+environmental+fate.&rft.au=Fay%2C+M%3BEisenmann%2C+C%3BDiwan%2C+S%3Bde+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of cephapirin and ceftiofur residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. AN - 69961909; 9772739 AB - A method capable of quantitating cephapirin at a level fo 20 ng/mL and ceftiofur at a level of 50 ng/mL was developed for raw bovine milk. Raw bovine milk is deproteinated with acetonitrile. The supernatant is collected and then acetonitrile is removed under reduced pressure while warming in a water bath at 40 degrees-50 degrees C. The extract is mixed with water and loaded onto a conditioned C18 solid-phase extraction column. Analytes are eluted with acetonitrile, which is removed completely under a stream of nitrogen gas. Analytes are separated from coextractives by gradient elution with an ion-pair mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and are detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 290 nm. Mean recoveries from fortified milk samples ranged from 79 to 87% for cephapirin and from 76 to 86% for ceftiofur, with intralaboratory coefficients of variation ranging of 6-10% and 7-14%, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schermerhorn, P G AU - Chu, P S AU - Ngoh, M A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 973 EP - 977 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Cephalosporins KW - 0 KW - ceftiofur KW - 83JL932I1C KW - Cephapirin KW - 89B59H32VN KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Cephapirin -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Cephalosporins -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69961909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+cephapirin+and+ceftiofur+residues+in+bovine+milk+by+liquid+chromatography+with+ultraviolet+detection.&rft.au=Schermerhorn%2C+P+G%3BChu%2C+P+S%3BNgoh%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Schermerhorn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of diethanolamine and N-nitrosodiethanolamine in fatty acid diethanolamides. AN - 69958373; 9772735 AB - Diethanolamine (DEA) is a precursor of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), an animal carcinogen. A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for determining DEA in fatty acid diethanolamides that are commonly used in cosmetic products. Methanolic solutions of the amides were analyzed by GC with flame ionization detection on either a wide-bore methyl silicone (Rtx-1) or 95% dimethyl--5% diphenyl polysiloxane (SPB-5) capillary column. Recovery of DEA from fatty acid dialkanolamides at fortification levels of 0.50, 1.00, and 5.00% ranged from 94 to 100%. In a survey of commercial fatty acid diethanolamides, DEA was found at levels ranging from 1.1 to 14.0%, and most were in good agreement with manufacturer's DEA specifications. Fatty acid diethanolamides also were anlayzed for NDELA by liquid chromatography interfaced to a thermal energy analyzer. Recovery of NDELA from fatty acid diethanolamides at fortification levels of 50, 100, and 200 ppb averaged 95%. No NDELA was found in any of the fatty acid diethanolamide samples analyzed. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Chou, H J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 943 EP - 947 VL - 81 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Amides KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Cosmetics KW - Ethanolamines KW - Fatty Acids KW - N-nitrosodiethanolamine KW - 30YI1289VY KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - diethanolamine KW - AZE05TDV2V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Cosmetics -- chemistry KW - Diethylnitrosamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Amides -- analysis KW - Diethylnitrosamine -- analysis KW - Fatty Acids -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Ethanolamines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69958373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+diethanolamine+and+N-nitrosodiethanolamine+in+fatty+acid+diethanolamides.&rft.au=Chou%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Listeria monocytogenes from unpasteurized apple juice using rapid test kits. AN - 69954557; 9766077 AB - A microbiological survey of 50 retail juices was conducted in the fall of 1996. These juices were analyzed for Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, coliforms, fecal coliforms, and pH. Two unpasteurized juices were positive for L. monocytogenes: an apple juice and an apple raspberry blend with a pH of 3.78 and 3.75, respectively. Three L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized. The colonies were typical for Listeria sp. on Oxford and lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam agars and were beta-hemolytic on sheep blood agar. The isolates required 5 days of incubation at 35 degrees C to produce a positive rhamnose reaction in a phenol red carbohydrate broth. This slow rhamnose utilization resulted in these isolates not being identified using the Micro-ID test strip (Organon Technika). However, the isolates were positive for L. monocytogenes using the API Listeria strip (BioMerieux) and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of the hemolysis (hyla) and invasion-associated protein (iap) genes. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sado, P N AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Husby, G J AU - Sorg, S M AU - Omiecinski, C J AD - U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98041, USA. psado@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1199 EP - 1202 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Index Medicus KW - Hemolysis -- genetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Food Contamination KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Sterilization KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69954557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+from+unpasteurized+apple+juice+using+rapid+test+kits.&rft.au=Sado%2C+P+N%3BJinneman%2C+K+C%3BHusby%2C+G+J%3BSorg%2C+S+M%3BOmiecinski%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Sado&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of environmental temperature on the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol in rats. AN - 69949567; 9766915 AB - This research was conducted to determine if altered environmental temperatures would affect the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency (RF) radiation and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME). This is important because RF radiation is used in a variety of workplaces that have poorly controlled environmental temperatures, and many workers are concurrently exposed to various chemicals. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and 2ME produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at the control value (38degrees ), 39.0degrees or 40.0 degrees C for 2 or 4 h combined with either 0 or 100 mg/ kg 2ME at environmental temperatures of 18 degrees , 24 degrees and 30 degrees C (65 degrees , 75 degrees , and 85 degrees F) were given on gestation day 13 to Sprague-Dawley rats. Dams were killed on gestation day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. Environmental temperature does affect the specific absorption rate (SAR) necessary to maintain a specific colonic temperature but does not affect the interactive developmental toxicity of RF radiation and 2ME in rats. These results, consistent with the literature, add to the evidence that the developmental toxicity of RF radiation (combined or alone) is associated with colonic temperature, not with SAR. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L AU - Krieg, E F AU - Snyder, D L AU - Edwards, R M AD - NIOSH C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bkn1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 413 EP - 423 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Temperature KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Intestinal Absorption -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Intestinal Absorption -- radiation effects KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Temperature KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69949567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+environmental+temperature+on+the+interactive+developmental+toxicity+of+radiofrequency+radiation+and+2-methoxyethanol+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BEdwards%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WHO guidelines for the production and control of the acellular pertussis component of monovalent or combined vaccines. AN - 69202241; 10208721 JF - Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization AU - Arciniega, J L AU - Corbel, M AU - Dellepiane, N AU - Dobbelaer, R AU - Griffiths, E AU - Heron, I AU - Ivanoff, B AU - Kreeftenberg, H AU - Mastrantonio, P AU - Meade, B AU - Milstein, J AU - Robertson, S AU - Robinson, A AU - Sato, H AU - Sato, Y AU - Schwanig, M AU - Tiru, M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 195 EP - 204 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Pertussis Vaccine KW - Vaccines, Combined KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Reference Standards KW - Vaccines, Combined -- toxicity KW - Vaccines, Combined -- standards KW - Vaccines, Combined -- biosynthesis KW - Quality Control KW - Bordetella pertussis -- immunology KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- toxicity KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- standards KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69202241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Biological+Standardization&rft.atitle=WHO+guidelines+for+the+production+and+control+of+the+acellular+pertussis+component+of+monovalent+or+combined+vaccines.&rft.au=Arciniega%2C+J+L%3BCorbel%2C+M%3BDellepiane%2C+N%3BDobbelaer%2C+R%3BGriffiths%2C+E%3BHeron%2C+I%3BIvanoff%2C+B%3BKreeftenberg%2C+H%3BMastrantonio%2C+P%3BMeade%2C+B%3BMilstein%2C+J%3BRobertson%2C+S%3BRobinson%2C+A%3BSato%2C+H%3BSato%2C+Y%3BSchwanig%2C+M%3BTiru%2C+M&rft.aulast=Arciniega&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Biological+Standardization&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Health USA, 1998. AN - 62364104; ED438062 AB - Intended to inform policymaking in the public and private sectors, this booklet compiles secondary data for 55 health status indicators. The book provides both graphical and textual summaries of data, and addresses long-term trends where applicable. Data are presented for the target populations of Title V funding: infants, children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age. In addition to health status, the book addresses health services utilization and population characteristics. Following the introduction, which discusses trends and issues in children's health, the booklet has six sections: (1) "Population Characteristics," including children in poverty, maternal age, working mothers, and school dropouts; (2) "Health Status," discussing the health issues related to infants, children, and adolescents; (3) "Health Services and Utilization," including health care financing, vaccination coverage levels, physician visits, service utilization by children with chronic conditions, hospital utilization, and prenatal care; (4) "State-Specific Data," including data tables on infant and neonatal mortality, prenatal care, low birth weight, births to women under 18, Medicaid information, and health care financing; (5) "City Data," focusing on comparisons between cities with populations over 100,000 and national data on infant mortality, low birth weight, and prenatal care; and (6) "Progress towards Healthy People 2000," summarizing progress toward several prevention objectives. (Contains 34 references.) (HTH) Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 83 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. For full text: http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/. KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Indicators KW - Medicaid KW - Vaccination KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Indicators KW - Birth Weight KW - Early Parenthood KW - Mortality Rate KW - Mothers KW - Employed Parents KW - Dropout Rate KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Prenatal Care KW - Health Care Costs KW - Demography KW - Health Needs KW - Municipalities KW - Poverty KW - Day Care KW - Incidence KW - Health Behavior KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62364104?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1996-1997 edition, see ED 415 025. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Outreach Sourcebook, Volume 4: Rural Health Demonstration Projects, 1994 to 1997. AN - 62304822; ED450999 AB - In 1994, the federal Office of Rural Health Policy awarded 3-year outreach demonstration grants to 81 projects to provide direct primary and preventive health care services to rural residents in 42 states and 2 U.S. territories. The outreach grant program allows recipients to test innovative ideas against the persistent problems of rural health care, such as provider shortages, fragmented delivery systems, and geographic isolation. Recipients are required to form a consortium of three or more local institutions to work together toward project goals. Overall, the projects addressed a broad range of rural health care needs. Over half focused on the specific needs of mothers, infants, children, and adolescents. Rural minorities, including Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans, were the primary beneficiaries in 25 projects. Twenty-four addressed the needs of the elderly, and seven targeted migrant and seasonal farmworkers, offering bilingual, culturally specific information and services. Twenty-two projects focused their activities in rural schools, which are convenient and effective sites for rural service delivery. Almost every project provided some type of health promotion/education programming for the public. Over 25 percent provided continuing education opportunities to health professionals. Important project elements included volunteerism, use of telecommunications technologies, and provision of mobile services or client transportation. Short descriptions of the 81 projects summarize activities and include innovative features, obstacles encountered, reasons for success, and contact information. (Contains title and subject indexes.) (SV) AU - Randall, Teri Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 207 PB - Full text at Web site: http://ftp, hrsagov/ftp/ruralhealth/outreachpdf KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Health Programs KW - Outreach Programs KW - Consortia KW - Federal Aid KW - Health Education KW - Rural Areas KW - Professional Continuing Education KW - Medical Education KW - Health Promotion KW - School Health Services KW - Health Services KW - Demonstration Programs KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Access to Health Care KW - Community Health Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62304822?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive oxygen species and silica-induced carcinogenesis AN - 17580670; 4659074 AB - Although silica has recently been designated as a carcinogen, its mechanism of carcinogenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that free-radical reactions may play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. This article summarizes literature on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly from silica and from silica-stimulated cells. It also summarizes information concerning the role of ROS in silica-induced DNA damage as well as in silica-induced cell proliferation, including the effects of silica on the activation of nuclear transcription factors, induction of growth factors and oncogene expression, redox regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, induction of apoptosis, and division of damaged cells. Understanding the role of ROS in silica-mediated reactions may help develop therapeutic agents to block silica-induced free radical reactions and thus prevent or attenuate silica-induced carcinogenesis. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AU - Halliwell, B AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 181 EP - 197 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - silicon dioxide KW - DNA damage KW - free radicals KW - silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Silica KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Free radicals KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.atitle=Reactive+oxygen+species+and+silica-induced+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BHalliwell%2C+B%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Carcinogenesis; Silica; Reactive oxygen species; Free radicals; DNA damage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The latex allergen Hev b 5 transcript is widely distributed after subcutaneous injection in BALB/c mice of its DNA vaccine AN - 17282557; 4603325 AB - DNA vaccines reduce IgE responses to selected allergens, but severe reactions to the expressed antigen may limit the usefulness of the technique in allergen immunotherapy. We sought to determine the extent of spread of an injected DNA vaccine in mice. We placed the gene encoding the potent Hevea latex allergen Hev b 5 in a mammalian expression vector and injected this DNA vaccine subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. At several times after injection, the presence of Hev b 5 transcript was determined in multiple tissues by RT-PCR. The identity of the amplification product was confirmed by Southern hybridization and restriction analyses. Hev b 5 RNA appeared at the injection site and in the lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs within 1 day after injection and persisted for at least 14 days. Hev b 5 RNA was also identified in the blood and tongue 14 days after injection. Antibody and cell-mediated responses to Hev b 5 were also noted in the immunized animals at later time points. As expected, animals injected with the identical plasmid containing the Hev b 5 DNA in the antisense orientation mounted no immune response to Hev b 5. The rapid and widespread appearance of the Hev b 5 transcript in the injected mice confirms that DNA is translocated from the injection site, transcribed, and expressed in immune and nonimmune tissues after injection. Controlling the extent and degree of expression in specific target tissues may allow therapeutic DNA vaccination with plasmids that encode potentially toxic allergens. JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AU - Slater, JE AU - Paupore, E AU - Zhang, Ying T AU - Colberg-Poley, A M AD - Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 469 EP - 475 VL - 102 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - BALB/c mice KW - DNA vaccines KW - Hev b 5 antigen KW - Hevea KW - Hevea brasiliensis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Immunotherapy KW - Hypersensitivity (immediate) KW - Rubber KW - Latex KW - Allergens KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17282557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+latex+allergen+Hev+b+5+transcript+is+widely+distributed+after+subcutaneous+injection+in+BALB%2Fc+mice+of+its+DNA+vaccine&rft.au=Slater%2C+JE%3BPaupore%2C+E%3BZhang%2C+Ying+T%3BColberg-Poley%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rubber; Allergens; Hypersensitivity (immediate); Latex; Vaccines; Immunotherapy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservative prediction of time to Clostridium botulinum toxin formation for use with time-temperature indicators to ensure the safety of foods AN - 17222438; 4504334 AB - Integrating-type time-temperature indicators (TTIs) may be utilized to warn food processors and consumers about storage conditions that may have rendered a food potentially hazardous. As an example of how integrated TTIs could be manufactured to emulate an infinite set of time-temperature situations, a set of conditions which have supported C. botulinum growth and toxin production was compiled. The time-temperature curve representing conservative times required for toxin formation was constructed with data from literature relating to toxin formation as a function of temperature in any media or food product. This set of critical time-temperature data is fit by a conservative empirical relationship that can be used to predict combinations of incubation times and storage temperatures that represent a potential health risk from C. botulinum in foods. A TTI could be constructed to indicate deviation from such a given set of conditions to bring attention to foods that may have been exposed to potentially hazardous temperatures with respect to C. botulinum toxin formation. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Skinner, GE AU - Larkin, J W AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology/Food and Drug Administration, Division of Food Processing and Packaging, Food Process Hazard Analysis Branch, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA, gesm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1154 EP - 1160 VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - botulinum toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Microbial contamination KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Botulism KW - Temperature KW - Food poisoning KW - Food contamination KW - Toxins KW - Storage KW - Processing fishery products KW - Alarm systems KW - Hazard assessment KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 08621:General KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17222438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Conservative+prediction+of+time+to+Clostridium+botulinum+toxin+formation+for+use+with+time-temperature+indicators+to+ensure+the+safety+of+foods&rft.au=Skinner%2C+GE%3BLarkin%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Processing fishery products; Pathogenic bacteria; Botulism; Alarm systems; Temperature; Food poisoning; Microbial contamination; Toxins; Hazard assessment; Risk assessment; Food contamination; Clostridium botulinum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody response and protective capacity of plasmid vaccines expressing three different herpes simplex virus glycoproteins AN - 17158481; 4456760 AB - Plasmid expression vectors were constructed that contained the genes encoding herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins C (gC), D (gD), and E (gE). Mice receiving two intramuscular injections of expression plasmid (50 mu g) produced a specific HSV-1 antibody response. Mice receiving the gD plasmid were protected against a lethal intraperitoneal challenge of HSV-1 (5 times 10 super(4) pfu) but not against more demanding challenge doses. Protection with gC or gE plasmid vaccination could be demonstrated only if the inoculating dose of DNA was increased to 250 mu g. In contrast, all mice immunized with vaccinia recombinants expressing either gC or gE survived HSV-1 challenge. Analysis of the HSV-1 antibody isotype produced by plasmid immunization revealed a response dominated by IgG2a. Combination delivery of all three glycoprotein expression plasmids provided better protection against lethal challenge, but mice receiving the combination were still not able to withstand increased challenge doses of virus. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Nass, PH AU - Elkins, K L AU - Weir, J P AD - Division of Viral Products, HFM-457, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, weirj@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 611 EP - 617 VL - 178 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - DNA vaccines KW - glycoprotein C KW - glycoprotein D KW - glycoprotein E KW - herpes simplex virus 1 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Glycoproteins KW - Herpes simplex virus 1 KW - Antibody response KW - Plasmids KW - Vaccines KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06800:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17158481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Antibody+response+and+protective+capacity+of+plasmid+vaccines+expressing+three+different+herpes+simplex+virus+glycoproteins&rft.au=Nass%2C+PH%3BElkins%2C+K+L%3BWeir%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Nass&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herpes simplex virus 1; Plasmids; Gene expression; Glycoproteins; Vaccines; Antibody response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved super(32)P-postlabeling/high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of the malondialdehye-derived 1,N super(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine DNA adduct in animal and human tissues AN - 17139626; 4442621 AB - Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major lipid peroxidation product that is mutagenic and tumorigenic. The MDA-modified DNA adduct, 3-(2-deoxy- beta -D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido- [1,2- alpha ]purin-10(3H)-one (M sub(1)G), has been detected in human tissues and may be a marker of human cancer risk. In this paper, we describe an improved super(32)P-postlabeling/HPLC method for sensitive detection and quantitation of this MDA-modified 2'-deoxyribonucleotide adduct. Specific improvements include (i) unequivocal structural identification of the postlabeling products, both the 3',5'-bisphosphate of M sub(1)G (MDA-3',5'-dGDP) and the 5'-monophosphate of M sub(1)G (MDA-5'-dGMP); (ii) efficient separation of the super(32)P-postlabeling products by HPLC; and (iii) the incorporation of a synthetically prepared MDA-modified DNA (or the 3'-monophosphate of M sub(1)G) with a known modification level as an internal standard. This improved quantitative methodology provides high intra- and inter-assay reproducibility and has been applied to the analysis of this adduct in rodent and human samples. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Yi, P AU - Sun, X AU - Doerge AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA, pfu@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1032 EP - 1041 VL - 11 IS - 9 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - malondialdehyde KW - propanodeoxyguanosine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - DNA adducts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=An+improved+super%2832%29P-postlabeling%2Fhigh-performance+liquid+chromatography+method+for+the+analysis+of+the+malondialdehye-derived+1%2CN+super%282%29-propanodeoxyguanosine+DNA+adduct+in+animal+and+human+tissues&rft.au=Yi%2C+P%3BSun%2C+X%3BDoerge%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Yi&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1032&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts; High-performance liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IS481 and IS1002 of Bordetella pertussis create a 6-base-pair duplication upon insertion at a consensus target site AN - 17131690; 4436483 AB - The insertion sequence IS481 and its isoform IS1002 have been observed to transpose into the bvgAS locus of Bordetella pertussis, for which the DNA sequence has previously been determined. Upon insertion of IS481 at three different sites and IS1002 at one site, a 6-bp sequence originally present was found at the junction of bvg and insertion sequence DNA. This indicates that, contrary to prior reports, IS481 and IS1002 do create a duplication upon insertion. In this light, examination of these and other examples of IS481 and IS1002 reported in the literature leads to the observation that the 6-bp recognition sequence usually fits the consensus NCTAGN. The near-palindromic nature of this sequence, when directly repeated at the ends of IS481 or IS1002, apparently led to the interpretation that 5 of these base pairs were part of the terminal inverted repeats flanking these elements. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, stibitz@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 4963 EP - 4966 VL - 180 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - bvg gene KW - bvgAS locus KW - insertion sequence IS1002 KW - insertion sequence IS481 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Duplication KW - Site location KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Palindromes KW - DNA KW - Junctions KW - Base pairs KW - J 02725:DNA KW - N 14675:Transposition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17131690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=IS481+and+IS1002+of+Bordetella+pertussis+create+a+6-base-pair+duplication+upon+insertion+at+a+consensus+target+site&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Palindromes; Site location; Duplication; DNA; Base pairs; Junctions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freshly generated stainless steel welding fume induces greater lung inflammation in rats as compared to aged fume AN - 17116041; 4422700 AB - It has been previously reported that both short- and long-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present on the surface of freshly generated fumes. The objective of this study was to determine if freshly formed welding fume induces greater lung inflammation and injury in rats due to the presence of reactive oxygen species than aged welding fume. Fume was collected during gas metal arc welding using a stainless steel consumable electrode and found to be of respirable size with a mean diameter of 0.77 mu m plus or minus 0.48. Male CD/VAF rats were dosed intratracheally with the welding fume 30 min (fresh) and 1 and 7 days (aged) after fume collection at a dose of 1.0 mg/100 g b wt. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 24 h post-instillation. Lung injury and inflammation were assessed by measuring the concentration of neutrophils, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucosaminidase (GLU) in the recovered BAL fluid. More neutrophils and enhanced GLU activity were observed for the 'fresh' group as compared to both 'aged' groups (P < 0.05). Slight, but not significant, elevations were seen in albumin content and LDH activity for the 'fresh' group as compared to the 'aged' groups. No significant differences were observed for any of the parameters when fume aged for 1 and 7 days were compared. When the 'fresh' and 'aged' fumes (12.5, 25, and 50 mu g/ml) were suspended in dichlorofluorescin (15 mu M), a probe which becomes fluorescent when oxidized, the concentration-dependent increases in fluorescence were greater for the 'fresh' fume versus the 'aged' fumes. We have demonstrated that freshly generated stainless steel welding fume induces greater lung inflammation than 'aged' fume. This is likely due to a higher concentration of ROS on fresh fume surfaces. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Antonini, J M AU - Clarke, R W AU - Murthy, GGK AU - Sreekanthan, P AU - Jenkins, N AU - Eagar, T W AU - Brain, J D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mail Stop 2015, 1095 Willowdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998/09/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 01 SP - 77 EP - 86 VL - 98 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - rats KW - stainless steel KW - steel KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Gases KW - Fumes KW - Lung KW - Welding KW - Inflammation KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17116041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Freshly+generated+stainless+steel+welding+fume+induces+greater+lung+inflammation+in+rats+as+compared+to+aged+fume&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BClarke%2C+R+W%3BMurthy%2C+GGK%3BSreekanthan%2C+P%3BJenkins%2C+N%3BEagar%2C+T+W%3BBrain%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Welding; Inflammation; Fumes; Lung; Gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicted lung cancer risk among miners exposed to diesel exhaust particles AN - 17105293; 4415863 AB - Several quantitative risk assessment models have been published for occupational and environmental exposures to diesel exhaust particles (DEP). These risk assessment models are reviewed and applied to predict lung cancer risks for miners exposed to DEP. The toxicologically based unit risk estimates varied widely (from 2 to 220 x 10 super(-6) per mu g/m super(3)). The epidemiologically based unit risk estimates were less variable and suggest higher risks (from 100 to 920 x 10 super(-6) per mu g/m super(3)). The wide range of risk estimates derived from these analyses reflects the strong assumptions and large uncertainties underlying these models. All of the models suggest relatively high risks (i.e., >1/1,000) for miners with long-term exposures greater than 1,000 mu g/m super(3). This is not surprising, given the fact that miners may be exposed to DEP concentrations similar to those that induced lung cancer in rats and mice, and substantially higher than the exposure concentrations in the positive epidemiologic studies. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Stayner, L AU - Dankovic, D AU - Smith, R AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert Taft Laboratories C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Its2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 207 EP - 219 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - diesel KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Particulate pollution KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Cancer KW - Lung KW - Mining KW - Diesel engines KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17105293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Predicted+lung+cancer+risk+among+miners+exposed+to+diesel+exhaust+particles&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BDankovic%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+R%3BSteenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Exhaust emissions; Diesel engines; Lung cancer; Occupational exposure; Mining; Lung; Cancer; Particulate pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha alters resistance to Mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice AN - 17102102; 4414897 AB - Increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ) appears to play an important role in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease. One treatment strategy being explored is the use of TNF- alpha inhibitors. TNF- alpha also appears to be important in conferring resistance to infections, and the inhibition of this cytokine may exacerbate the emergence of opportunistic pathogens, such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The present study examines the possibility that inhibition of TNF- alpha will increase the progression of disease in mice infected with MAC. C57BL/6 beige (bg/bg) mice have been shown to be highly susceptible to infection with MAC and are routinely used for testing of antimycobacterial drugs. However, bg/bg mice are known to exhibit impaired phagocyte and natural killer cell function. Since these cell types are important sources of TNF- alpha , the susceptibility of the bg/bg strain to infection with MAC was compared with those of the heterozygous (bg/+) and wild-type (+/+) strains of C57BL/6 mice. The susceptibilities of the bg/bg and bg/+ strains of mice infected with MAC were found to be comparable. The +/+ strain was the least susceptible. Mycobacterial burden and serum TNF- alpha levels increased over time in all the strains of mice tested. The bg/+ strain of C57BL/6 mice was then chosen to measure the activity of TNF- alpha antagonists. Treatment with dexamethasone decreased serum TNF- alpha levels and increased mycobacterial burden. Treatment with anti-TNF- alpha antibody or pentoxifylline did not significantly alter serum TNF- alpha levels but increased mycobacterial burden. Treatment with thalidomide neither consistently altered mycobacterial burden in the spleens or livers of infected mice nor affected serum TNF- alpha levels. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Bala, Sh AU - Hastings, K L AU - Kazempour, K AU - Inglis, Sh AU - Dempsey, W L AD - Division of Special Pathogen and Immunologic Drug Products (HFD-590), 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA, balas@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 2336 EP - 2341 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - C57BL/6 mice KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Pentoxifylline KW - dexamethasone KW - tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Dexamethasone KW - Thalidomide KW - Tumor necrosis factor KW - Natural killer cells KW - Disease resistance KW - Phagocytes KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+alters+resistance+to+Mycobacterium+avium+complex+infection+in+mice&rft.au=Bala%2C+Sh%3BHastings%2C+K+L%3BKazempour%2C+K%3BInglis%2C+Sh%3BDempsey%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Bala&rft.aufirst=Sh&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium; Natural killer cells; Tumor necrosis factor; Phagocytes; Disease resistance; Thalidomide; Dexamethasone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p53, mutations, and apoptosis in genistein-exposed human lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 73893030; 9729267 AB - The phytoestrogen, genistein, is a naturally occurring isoflavone found in soy products. On a biochemical basis, genistein is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and the DNA synthesis-related enzyme, topoisomerase-II (topo-II). Exposure of mammalian cells to genistein results in DNA damage that is similar to that induced by the topo-II inhibitor and chromosomal mutagen, m-amsa. In order to determine the potential genotoxicity of genistein, human lymphoblastoid cells which differ in the functional status of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, were exposed to genistein and the induction of micronuclei quantified by microscopic analysis. In addition, the mutant fraction at the thymidine kinase (tk) locus (both the normal-growth and slow-growth phenotypes) was determined by resistance to trifluorothymidine (TFT) and at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus by resistance to 6-thioguanine (6-TG). Flow cytometric analysis of the percentage of viable, apoptotic and degenerating cells was utilized to determine the rate and kinetics of cell death after genistein exposure. The detection of micronuclei in both cell lines indicated that genistein-induced damage had occurred in both AHH-1 tk+/- and L3. Linear regression analysis detected a significant increase in the number of 6-TG-resistant clones in both AHH-1 tk+/- (p53+/-) and L3 (p53+/+). A comparison of slopes revealed no difference between the lines. In contrast, a significant, concentration-dependent increase in the number of TFT-resistant clones with the slow-growth phenotype was detected in AHH-1 tk+/- (mutant p53), but not in L3 (wild-type p53). Cell death occurred primarily by apoptosis in both cell lines; however, a concentration-dependent decrease in the percentage of viable cells was detected immediately after exposure in L3, but not until 32 h after exposure in AHH-1 tk+/-. A comparison of the slopes of the concentration-response curves for the percentage of viable cells revealed no difference between the cell lines in the effect of genistein on cell viability. Our results may be interpreted that genistein is a chromosomal mutagen and that p53 functional status affects the recovery of chromosomal mutants, possibly by signalling cells into the apoptosis pathways. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B. V. JF - Mutation research AU - Morris, S M AU - Chen, J J AU - Domon, O E AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Bishop, M E AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. smorris@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 31 SP - 41 EP - 56 VL - 405 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Trifluridine KW - RMW9V5RW38 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Trifluridine -- pharmacology KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Clone Cells -- drug effects KW - Genes, p53 -- genetics KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Genistein -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73893030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=p53%2C+mutations%2C+and+apoptosis+in+genistein-exposed+human+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BBishop%2C+M+E%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-08-31&rft.volume=405&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biostatistical considerations in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology: Linking quantitative risk assessment in pre-market licensure application safety data, post-market alert reports and formal epidemiological studies AN - 16555144; 4377346 AB - This paper deals with a conceptual discussion of a variety of statistical concepts, methods and strategies that are relevant to the quantitative assessment of risk derived from safety data collected during the pre- and post-marketing phase of a new drug's life cycle. A call is made for the use of more standard approaches to the analysis of safety data that are statistically and epidemiologically rigorous and for attempts to link the strategies for pre-market safety assessment with strategies for post-market safety evaluation. This link may be facilitated by recognizing the limitations and complementary roles played by pre- and post-market safety data collection schemes and by linking the quantitative analyses utilized for either exploratory or confirmatory purposes of risk assessment in each phase of safety data collection. Examples are provided of studies specifically designed to evaluate risk in a post approval setting and several available guidelines intended to improve the quality of these studies are discussed. JF - Statistics in Medicine AU - O'Neill, R T AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biometrics, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1998/08/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 30 SP - 1851 EP - 1858 VL - 17 IS - 15-16 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Pharmaceutical industry KW - Drugs KW - Data collection KW - Epidemiology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Biostatistical+considerations+in+pharmacovigilance+and+pharmacoepidemiology%3A+Linking+quantitative+risk+assessment+in+pre-market+licensure+application+safety+data%2C+post-market+alert+reports+and+formal+epidemiological+studies&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-30&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=1851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Drugs; Data collection; Pharmaceutical industry; Life cycle analysis; Statistical analysis; Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complete regression of established human glioblastoma tumor xenograft by interleukin-4 toxin therapy. AN - 73867905; 9721874 AB - No curative therapy is available for malignant gliomas. We have discovered that human glioblastoma cells express high affinity interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R), which is an attractive target for receptor-directed IL-4 toxin therapy. The IL-4 toxin, IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL, is a fusion protein containing translocation and enzymatic domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin and a circularly permuted human IL-4. The IL-4 toxin binds specifically to the IL-4R and is highly cytotoxic to glioblastoma cells, as determined by clonogenic and protein synthesis inhibition assays. Intratumoral administration of the IL-4 toxin given on alternate days for 3-4 doses into U251 glioblastoma flank tumors in nude mice, showed a complete remission of small (approximately 13 mm3) and large (approximately 60 mm3) tumors in all animals, without any evidence of toxicity. A significant antitumor activity was also observed when the IL-4 toxin was administered via i.p. and i.v. routes. These results demonstrate that the IL-4 toxin may be a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of human glioblastoma. Therefore, we have begun a Phase I clinical trial with IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL for treatment of human glioblastoma. JF - Cancer research AU - Husain, S R AU - Behari, N AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/08/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 15 SP - 3649 EP - 3653 VL - 58 IS - 16 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Virulence Factors KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intralesional KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Transplantation, Heterologous KW - Mice KW - Tumor Stem Cell Assay KW - Female KW - Exotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Glioblastoma -- metabolism KW - Exotoxins -- chemistry KW - Interleukin-4 -- administration & dosage KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-4 -- chemistry KW - Glioblastoma -- therapy KW - Interleukin-4 -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73867905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Complete+regression+of+established+human+glioblastoma+tumor+xenograft+by+interleukin-4+toxin+therapy.&rft.au=Husain%2C+S+R%3BBehari%2C+N%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BPastan%2C+I%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-08-15&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of multiple tetracycline residues in milk and oxytetracycline in shrimp by liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry. AN - 80053886; 9698234 AB - A confirmation procedure is described for detection of residues of six tetracyclines in bovine milk, and oxytetracycline in shrimp. Residues are extracted from milk or shrimp tissue using metal chelate affinity chromatography. The extracts are desalted, further concentrated using polymeric solid-phase extraction, and chromatographed on a polymeric reversed-phase column. Analysis is by methane negative ion chemical ionization on a quadrupole mass spectrometer using a particle beam interface. Data are acquired in partial scan mode, monitoring from m/z 378 to m/z 480. The procedure was validated with control milk and shrimp, fortified milk (30 ng/ml) and shrimp (100 ng/g), and milk and tissue from animals treated with the drugs. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Carson, M C AU - Ngoh, M A AU - Hadley, S W AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1998/08/07/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 07 SP - 113 EP - 128 VL - 712 IS - 1-2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Tetracyclines KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- chemistry KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80053886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+multiple+tetracycline+residues+in+milk+and+oxytetracycline+in+shrimp+by+liquid+chromatography-particle+beam+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Carson%2C+M+C%3BNgoh%2C+M+A%3BHadley%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-07&rft.volume=712&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology studies in immunotoxicity evaluations AN - 17227403; 4511281 AB - Studies in humans designed to detect immunomodulation from exposure to xenobiotics present challenging problems to epidemiologists and immunotoxicologists. Exposed and control groups must be carefully selected, exposure to the xenobiotic must be sufficiently high and well-documented, and the referent group should be as similar as possible to the exposed. Immune markers/functional tests in an individual may be influenced by sunlight exposure, medication, illness and use of recreational drugs; all of these potential confounding factors must be addressed. Sample acquisition is usually performed at sites geographically distant from the controlled environment of an investigator's laboratory, yielding an assortment of new problems that would not occur in clinical or hospital situations. Regulations and guidelines concerning the transport of biological samples and potential hazards of HIV and HBV exposures to personnel must be adapted to field conditions. Since the application of immunotoxicological techniques to populations exposed to xenobiotics is relatively new, and the ability to measure an increasing number of immune biomarkers of activation, suppression, autoimmunity or hypersensitivity is rapidly expanding, there are difficulties in the interpretation of statistically positive results (sometimes within the normal range) and their potential health significance. Finally, both biological and methodological factors complicate the assessment of dose-response/concentration-effect relationships in human immunotoxicity studies, and traditional dose-response relationships may not always be present. JF - Toxicology AU - Biagini, R E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, USA, reb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/08/07/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 07 SP - 37 EP - 54 VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity testing KW - Immunomodulation KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17227403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+studies+in+immunotoxicity+evaluations&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-07&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: 6th Summer School in immunotoxicology. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenobiotics; Immunomodulation; Immunotoxicity; Toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of amphetamine neurotoxicity on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein in aged rats. AN - 80056287; 9694971 AB - Four injections (intraperitoneal) of 3 mg/kg amphetamine (2 hr apart) produced pronounced hyperthermia and sustained decreases in dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels in the striatum of 15-month-old male rats. A partial recovery of striatal dopamine levels was observed at 4 months after amphetamine. In contrast, TH mRNA and TH protein levels in the midbrain were unaffected at all time points tested up to 4 months after amphetamine treatment. The number of TH-immunopositive cells in the midbrain was also unchanged at 4 months after amphetamine, even though the number of TH-positive axons in the striatum remained dramatically decreased at this time point. Interestingly, TH-immunopositive cell bodies were observed 4 months after amphetamine in the lateral caudate/putamen, defined anteriorly by the genu of the corpus collosum and posteriorly by the junction of the anterior commissures; these striatal TH-positive cells were not observed in saline- or amphetamine-treated rats that did not become hyperthermic. In addition, low levels (orders of magnitude lower than that present in the midbrain) of TH mRNA were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the striatum of these amphetamine-treated rats. Our results suggest that even though there is a partial recovery of striatal dopamine levels, which occurs within 4 months after amphetamine treatment, this recovery is not associated with increased TH gene expression in the midbrain. Furthermore, new TH-positive cells are generated in the striatum at this 4-month time point. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Frame, L T AU - Clausing, P AU - Nagamoto-Combs, K AU - Osterhout, C A AU - Sterling, C R AU - Tank, A W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 1074 EP - 1085 VL - 286 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases KW - EC 1.2.1.- KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases -- metabolism KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Substantia Nigra -- enzymology KW - Rats KW - Mesencephalon -- drug effects KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Up-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Mesencephalon -- enzymology KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Amphetamine -- toxicity KW - Nerve Degeneration -- pathology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- chemically induced KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- biosynthesis KW - Nerve Degeneration -- enzymology KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80056287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+amphetamine+neurotoxicity+on+tyrosine+hydroxylase+mRNA+and+protein+in+aged+rats.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BFrame%2C+L+T%3BClausing%2C+P%3BNagamoto-Combs%2C+K%3BOsterhout%2C+C+A%3BSterling%2C+C+R%3BTank%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1074&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal biotransformation of 6-nitrochrysene. AN - 80049098; 9687485 AB - The fungus Cunninghamella elegans was used to biotransform 6-nitrochrysene, a mutagen that is a widespread environmental contaminant. After 6 days, 74% of the 3H-labeled 6-nitrochrysene added had been metabolized to two isomeric sulfate conjugates. These conjugates were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by UV-visible, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral techniques as 6-nitrochrysene 1-sulfate and 6-nitrochrysene 2-sulfate. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Jpothuluri@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 3106 EP - 3109 VL - 64 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Biotransformation KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mucorales -- metabolism KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80049098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fungal+biotransformation+of+6-nitrochrysene.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1976 Aug;175(2):443-52 [8708] J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997 Nov-Dec;19(5-6):324-33 [9451829] Mutat Res. 1981 Aug;85(4):195-205 [7022189] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 May;43(5):1070-5 [7103474] Chem Biol Interact. 1983 Apr-May;44(1-2):119-32 [6406078] Cancer Res. 1984 Aug;44(8):3408-13 [6378368] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Sep;50(3):649-55 [3907498] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Aug;7(8):1317-22 [3731386] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1986;19(4):519-30 [3783769] Cancer Res. 1987 Dec 1;47(23):6272-7 [3677076] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jan;54(1):197-203 [3345078] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Oct;9(10):1875-84 [3168165] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Feb;10(2):369-72 [2912588] IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1989;46:267-76 [2697767] Toxicology. 1990 Jan-Feb;60(1-2):137-50 [2315936] Drug Metab Rev. 1990;22(2-3):209-68 [2272288] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Mar;58(3):937-41 [1575497] Cancer Res. 1993 May 1;53(9):2028-34 [8481905] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101 Suppl 3:309-15 [8143637] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994 Jun;42(2):209-18 [8207756] Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jul;15(7):1377-85 [8033314] Chem Res Toxicol. 1994 May-Jun;7(3):352-7 [8075366] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Dec;60(12):4263-7 [7811065] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Oct;102 Suppl 4:117-26 [7821285] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Oct;102 Suppl 4:139-46 [7821288] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1995;49:523-55 [8561470] Cancer Res. 1996 May 1;56(9):2052-8 [8616850] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Apr 19;47(6):587-99 [8614025] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996 May 1;138(2-3):221-6 [9026450] FASEB J. 1997 Apr;11(5):314-21 [9141497] J Biol Chem. 1979 Dec 10;254(23):12174-80 [500703] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular identification of a Stenotrophomonas species used in the bioassay for erythromycin in aquaculture samples. AN - 73903130; 9727203 AB - A bacterial strain isolated from aquaculture pond slurry, which was extremely sensitive to erythromycin, was used to detect erythromycin at levels as low as 0.05 micrograms ml-1 in aquaculture water, sediments and soil samples. Identification of the indicator organism was attempted by 16S rRNA sequencing, biochemical profile, fatty-acid analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GenBank comparison showed that the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain was similar to those of more than 20 copies of Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas. The position of the strain in a phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison is in a cluster of Stenotrophomonas. The fatty-acid analysis also showed that the strain is similar to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. However, the biochemical profile of the strain is most similar to Xanthomonas campestris, except that it can utilize maltose, which is similar to S. maltophilia. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that the strain is different from X. campestris, S. maltophilia and other Xanthomonas species tested. Based on these results, the authors named this strain as Stenotrophomonas sp. strain NCTR. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Wang, R F AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Steele, R S AU - Paine, D D AU - Assaf, N A AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Microbiology Division, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 249 EP - 254 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S -- analysis KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Water Microbiology KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Xanthomonas -- genetics KW - Xanthomonas -- isolation & purification KW - Aquaculture -- methods KW - Erythromycin -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73903130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Molecular+identification+of+a+Stenotrophomonas+species+used+in+the+bioassay+for+erythromycin+in+aquaculture+samples.&rft.au=Wang%2C+R+F%3BPothuluri%2C+J+V%3BSteele%2C+R+S%3BPaine%2C+D+D%3BAssaf%2C+N+A%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - Y13836; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The regulatory status of xylazine for use in food-producing animals in the United States. AN - 73884454; 9731956 AB - Xylazine is commonly used in veterinary medicine as a tranquillizer or adjunct to surgical anaesthesia. Although its use is approved in companion animals and certain species of deer, xylazine remains unapproved for use in food-producing animals in the United States. This paper reviews existing toxicological and residue chemistry information on xylazine in food animals, particularly cattle, and discusses the regulatory status of the drug in the US, as well as the conclusions reached by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in its recent evaluation of xylazine. JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Chamberlain, P L AU - Brynes, S D AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 322 EP - 329 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Adrenergic alpha-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Xylazine KW - 2KFG9TP5V8 KW - 2,6-xylidine KW - 4FT62OX08D KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Approval KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Meat Products -- analysis KW - Xylazine -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Xylazine -- toxicity KW - Adrenergic alpha-Agonists -- toxicity KW - Adrenergic alpha-Agonists -- analysis KW - Xylazine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Adrenergic alpha-Agonists -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73884454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=The+regulatory+status+of+xylazine+for+use+in+food-producing+animals+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+P+L%3BBrynes%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory investigation of the mass stability of sampling cassettes from inhalable aerosol samplers. AN - 73880631; 9725936 AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the mass stability of the materials used in the construction of samplers with internal cassettes for the gravimetric measurement of inhalable aerosol exposures. The internal cassettes from IOM samplers were studied. Results indicate that the mass stability of filters is uniform, but the mass stability of the cassette material may dramatically affect the results of the measurement. Cassettes constructed from plastic exhibited drastic shifts in mass depending on the environmental conditions of their storage. Under room humidity, the plastic cassettes absorbed 1 to 2 mg of water over several days. When these cassettes were placed in a desiccator, they lost mass consistently but did not approach a stable mass. Studies repeated with cassettes made of stainless steel showed negligible mass variability. Based on this study, the use of stainless steel cassettes is recommended for gravimetric determinations of aerosol exposure, although field blanks may in some cases be used for correction of data from plastic cassettes. This study shows the need to evaluate the mass stability of the cassette material of any sampling device where an internal cassette is weighed together with the filter. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Smith, J P AU - Bartley, D L AU - Kennedy, E R AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 582 EP - 585 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Filtration -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Health KW - Aerosols -- adverse effects KW - Materials Testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73880631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Laboratory+investigation+of+the+mass+stability+of+sampling+cassettes+from+inhalable+aerosol+samplers.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+P%3BBartley%2C+D+L%3BKennedy%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure, tumorigenicity, microsomal metabolism, and DNA binding of 7-Nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene. AN - 73854322; 9705756 AB - It has been previously proposed that a nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (nitro-PAH) with its nitro functional group perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the aromatic moiety exhibits lower tumorigenicity than the corresponding parent aromatic hydrocarbon. We also hypothesized that reduction of the nitro group is not involved, or contributed less significantly in the metabolic activation of this class of nitro-PAHs. To verify this hypothesis, we selected 7-nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene (7-NDB[a,h]A) for study. The X-ray crystallographic structure of 7-NDB[a,h]A was determined and indicated that the dihedral angle between the nitro functional group and the aromatic dibenz[a,h]anthracenyl moiety was 80.6 degrees, indicating the nitro group preferentially adopts a nearly perpendicular orientation. The tumorigenicity of 7-NDB[a,h]A and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DB[a,h]A) was determined in the male B6C3F1 neonatal mouse. Mice were administered ip injections of 1/7, 2/7, and 4/7 of the total dose of 7-NDB[a,h]A (400 nmol in 35 microL of DMSO per mouse) within 24 h of birth and at 8 and 15 days of age, respectively, and sacrificed at 12 months of age. DB[a,h]A induced 78 and 96% hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas, respectively. However, 7-NDB[a,h]A induced only 50 and 8% hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas compared with the 8 and 4% hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas induced by the solvent vehicle, DMSO. Aerobic metabolism of 7-NDB[a,h]A by liver microsomes of 15-day old male B6C3F1 neonatal mice resulted in trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3, 4-dihydro-7-nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene (7-NDB[a,h]A trans-3, 4-dihydrodiol) and trans-10,11-dihydroxy-10, 11-dihydro-7-nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene (7-NDB[a,h]A trans-10, 11-dihydrodiol) as predominant metabolites. Under anaerobic conditions, 7-NDB[a,h]A was not metabolized (nitroreduced). The DNA adduct levels in liver and lung tissues of male B6C3F1 mice treated with 7-NDB[a,h]A and sacrificed 24 h and 6 days after final dosing were determined by 32P-postlabeling/TLC. In all cases, the DNA adducts derived from 7-NDB[a,h]A trans-3,4-dihydrodiol and 7-NDB[a, h]A trans-10,11-dihydrodiol were formed. These results suggest that both of the metabolites, 7-NDB[a,h]A trans-3,4-dihydrodiol and 7-NDB[a,h]A trans-10,11-dihydrodiol, are involved in the metabolic activation of 7-NDB[a,h]A, leading to tumor induction in the neonatal mouse. Thus, our results described in this paper support our hypotheses that a nitro-PAH with a perpendicular nitro orientation exhibits lower tumorigenicity than the corresponding parent PAH and that nitroreduction contributes less significantly in the metabolic activation. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Fu, P P AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Chiu, L H AU - Zhan, D J AU - Deck, J AU - Bucci, T AU - Wang, J C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, and Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 937 EP - 945 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - 7-nitrodibenz(a,h)anthracene KW - 0 KW - Anthracenes KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Crystallography, X-Ray KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Anthracenes -- chemistry KW - Anthracenes -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Anthracenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73854322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Structure%2C+tumorigenicity%2C+microsomal+metabolism%2C+and+DNA+binding+of+7-Nitrodibenz%5Ba%2Ch%5Danthracene.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BChiu%2C+L+H%3BZhan%2C+D+J%3BDeck%2C+J%3BBucci%2C+T%3BWang%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The epidemiology of raw milk-associated foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the United States, 1973 through 1992. AN - 73840411; 9702153 AB - This study describes the epidemiology of raw milk-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1973 through 1992. Surveillance data for each reported raw milk-associated outbreak were reviewed. A national survey was conducted to determine the legal status of intrastate raw milk sales for the period 1973 through 1995. Forty-six raw milk-associated outbreaks were reported during the study period; 40 outbreaks (87%) occurred in states where the intrastate sale of raw milk was legal. Consumption of raw milk remains a preventable cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. JF - American journal of public health AU - Headrick, M L AU - Korangy, S AU - Bean, N H AU - Angulo, F J AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Potter, M E AU - Klontz, K C AD - Epidemiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 1219 EP - 1221 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73840411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+epidemiology+of+raw+milk-associated+foodborne+disease+outbreaks+reported+in+the+United+States%2C+1973+through+1992.&rft.au=Headrick%2C+M+L%3BKorangy%2C+S%3BBean%2C+N+H%3BAngulo%2C+F+J%3BAltekruse%2C+S+F%3BPotter%2C+M+E%3BKlontz%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Headrick&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1986 Jul 25;256(4):484-90 [3487659] Lancet. 1986 Nov 1;2(8514):1043 [2877210] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Apr;4(2):169-83 [1906370] JAMA. 1992 Dec 9;268(22):3228-30 [1433764] Lancet. 1983 Apr 30;1(8331):945-8 [6132267] J Infect Dis. 1977 Aug;136(2):312-6 [561130] Am J Med. 1979 May;66(5):779-83 [571676] J Infect Dis. 1982 Sep;146(3):322-7 [7108281] Lancet. 1966 Jul 23;2(7456):216-9 [4161176] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: developmental effects. AN - 70002489; 9784433 AB - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating the public health risk associated with exposure to hazardous substances. The MRLs are derived based on the health effects data compiled from current literature searches and presented in ATSDR's toxicological profiles. Health effects are categorized according to their degree of severity (e.g., serious, less serious, minimal, and not adverse). This evaluation is important, because each respective category can be assigned a different amount of uncertainty, thus affecting the final value of the calculated MRL. From the total of 272 MRLs derived as of December 1997, 21 were based on developmental effects. ATSDR's ranking of developmental health effects as described in the Guidance for Developing Toxicological Profiles and specific examples of how the categorized health effects were used in MRL derivations are provided in this paper. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Pohl, H R AU - Smith-Simon, C AU - Hicks, H AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70002489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Health+effects+classification+and+its+role+in+the+derivation+of+minimal+risk+levels%3A+developmental+effects.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BSmith-Simon%2C+C%3BHicks%2C+H&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preclinical animal models of cardiac protection from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. AN - 69956913; 9768819 AB - The chronic cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines were initially detected in clinical trials with daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The clinical importance of anthracycline-induced chronic cardiotoxicity has led to the development of several animal models of this syndrome. Animal species examined in detail as models of this cardiac toxicity include the rabbit, the normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat, the mouse, the pig, and the dog. The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models differ according to species: small animals can be used for comparative investigations of anthracycline analogues and/or protectors, which may be available only in limited amounts, while large animals can be used for studies in which evaluation of cardiac function are to be made. Among the various animals examined, the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the beagle dog are considered the most suitable small and large animal models, respectively, because of the reproducibility of the lesions induced by anthracyclines in the two species. A variety of pharmacologic agents has been tested for cardioprotective activity. The most successful of these agents are those that function as antioxidants, because they either scavenge reactive oxygen species or prevent their formation. The most clinically useful of these agents is ICRF-187 (dexrazoxane), which has been found to be cardioprotective in all animal models. JF - Seminars in oncology AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 15 EP - 21 VL - 25 IS - 4 Suppl 10 SN - 0093-7754, 0093-7754 KW - Anthracyclines KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Cardiovascular Agents KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dogs KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Razoxane -- pharmacology KW - Cardiomyopathies -- prevention & control KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced KW - Anthracyclines -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69956913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+oncology&rft.atitle=Preclinical+animal+models+of+cardiac+protection+from+anthracycline-induced+cardiotoxicity.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4+Suppl+10&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+oncology&rft.issn=00937754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of nongenotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens on the preneoplastic lesions in the rat liver. AN - 69115456; 9875460 AB - Glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci development and its expression in liver exposed by nongenotoxic carcinogens phenobarbital (PB) and clofibrate (CF), and genotoxic carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) were investigated as a measure of carcinogenic potential of these chemicals. Male F344 rats were initially given a single intraperitioneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg), and 2 weeks later, animals were fed diets containing 0.03% IQ or 0.5% CF or 0.05% PB or basal diet as a control for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3. Sequential sacrifice of rats was performed at 8 weeks or 52 weeks, and liver tissues were examined for immunohistochemical staining of GST-P positive foci. The numbers (No./cm2) and areas (mm2/cm2) of GST-P positive foci were increased by IQ or PB, but were decreased by CF compare to the control. Consistent with the development of GST-P positive foci, a time-related increase in the expression of GST-P mRNA was found in the rats treated with IQ, whereas CF decreased it. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma at 52 weeks was increased by all three chemicals. These results show that PB and IQ induced GST-P positive foci, but the peroxisome proliferator CF did not, which suggest that the prediction of carcinogenic potency based on the development of prenoplastic foci may cause false negative in a particular category compounds like peroxisome proliferators. JF - Archives of pharmacal research AU - Kim, D J AU - Lee, K K AU - Hong, J T AD - Department of Pathology, National Institute of Toxicology Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 363 EP - 369 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0253-6269, 0253-6269 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Quinolines KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Clofibrate KW - HPN91K7FU3 KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Glutathione Transferase -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cell Count -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Quinolines -- pharmacology KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Clofibrate -- administration & dosage KW - Precancerous Conditions -- metabolism KW - Quinolines -- administration & dosage KW - Precancerous Conditions -- pathology KW - Phenobarbital -- administration & dosage KW - Clofibrate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69115456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+nongenotoxic+and+genotoxic+carcinogens+on+the+preneoplastic+lesions+in+the+rat+liver.&rft.au=Kim%2C+D+J%3BLee%2C+K+K%3BHong%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.issn=02536269&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New tricks for an old elephant; revising concepts of Coeur d'Alene geology AN - 52498305; 1999-025530 JF - Mining Engineering AU - White, Brian G Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 27 EP - 35 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 50 IS - 8 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - United States KW - mining KW - Idaho KW - northern Idaho KW - production KW - silver ores KW - history KW - reserves KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - mining geology KW - metal ores KW - tectonics KW - lead-zinc deposits KW - 27A:Economic geology, geology of ore deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52498305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=New+tricks+for+an+old+elephant%3B+revising+concepts+of+Coeur+d%27Alene+geology&rft.au=White%2C+Brian+G&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col., sect. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MIENAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coeur d'Alene mining district; history; Idaho; lead-zinc deposits; metal ores; mining; mining geology; northern Idaho; production; reserves; silver ores; tectonics; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National institute of drug abuse research monograph series: assessing neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse AN - 38594025; 1761271 JF - Addiction AU - Erinoff, Lynda AU - Nutt, David AU - Nutt, David Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1270 EP - 1271 PB - US Department of Health and Human Services VL - 93 IS - 8 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Sociology KW - Toxicity KW - Drug abuse KW - Drugs KW - Substance abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38594025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Addiction&rft.atitle=National+institute+of+drug+abuse+research+monograph+series%3A+assessing+neurotoxicity+of+drugs+of+abuse&rft.au=Erinoff%2C+Lynda%3BNutt%2C+David&rft.aulast=Erinoff&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 3742 1121 11776 3753 3755; 3755; 12356 12357; 12807 9818 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Phospholipid surfactant adsorption by respirable quartz and in vitro expression of cytotoxicity and DNA damage AN - 17263998; 4557605 AB - Respirable-sized quartz was treated with a saline dispersion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), a primary component of pulmonary surfactant, to model the adsorption of phospholipid surfactant onto quartz dust following particle deposition in the bronchoalveolar region of the lung. Control and surfactant-treated dusts were used to challenge lavaged rat pulmonary macrophages in vitro over a 1-week period, to determine the effects of adsorbed surfactant on the expression of quartz cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. DNA damage was determined by the single cell gel electrophoresis 'comet' assay. Untreated quartz induced DNA damage, increasing with dose and with time of incubation of dust with macrophages over a 5 day period. DPPC treatment of quartz suppressed DNA damage through 1 day of macrophage challenge. DNA damage then increased over a 5 day period, to approximately half the positive control (untreated quartz) values. Cytotoxicity was measured by trypan blue dye exclusion and by the Live-Dead registered fluorescence assay for cell viability. Cytotoxicity of surfactant-treated quartz measured one day after challenge of lavaged macrophages was suppressed to values near those of the negative controls, and then increased over a 1 week incubation period to levels near those expressed by native quartz positive controls. Quartz similarly treated with dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine mixed with DPPC substituted in one acyl group with a boron-containing fluorescent chromophore was used with confocal microscopy to measure particle-associated fluorescent surfactant in cells. Approximately half of the fluorescence intensity was lost over a 1 week period following challenge of lavaged macrophage. Results are discussed in terms of a model of restoration of quartz particle surface toxicity as prophylactic surfactant is removed from particle surface by cellular enzymatic digestion processes. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Liu, X AU - Keane, MJ AU - Harrison, J C AU - Cilento, E V AU - Ong, T AU - Wallace, W E Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 77 EP - 84 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 96-97 IS - 1-3 KW - quartz KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - DNA damage KW - Airborne particulates KW - Surfactants KW - Phospholipids KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17263998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phospholipid+surfactant+adsorption+by+respirable+quartz+and+in+vitro+expression+of+cytotoxicity+and+DNA+damage&rft.au=Liu%2C+X%3BKeane%2C+MJ%3BHarrison%2C+J+C%3BCilento%2C+E+V%3BOng%2C+T%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=96-97&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principles of risk assessment for illness caused by foodborne biological agents AN - 17178574; 4479211 AB - The Risk Assessment Subcommittee of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria in Foods has prepared a generic document on the principles of risk assessment as applied to biological agents that can cause human foodborne disease. Typical biological agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, helminths, protozoa, algae, parasites, and the toxic products that these agents may produce. Basic principles elaborated to characterize food pathogen risks include the four broadly accepted components of risk assessment. The role of surveillance and investigational activities to link biological agents and their food sources to consumer illness is described as is the role of predictive modeling for food pathogens. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R AD - DHHS, FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C St. S.W., (HFS-500), Washington, D.C. 20204, USA, rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1071 EP - 1074 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - food-borne diseases KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - Parasites KW - Viruses KW - Public health KW - Algae KW - Bacteria KW - Fungi KW - Food contamination KW - Protozoa KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Principles+of+risk+assessment+for+illness+caused+by+foodborne+biological+agents&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Food contamination; Risk assessment; Parasites; Public health; Algae; Viruses; Bacteria; Protozoa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential application of risk assessment techniques to microbiological issues related to international trade in food and food products AN - 17174620; 4479212 AB - One of the components of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Sanitary and Phytosanitary agreement that will have far-reaching effects on international trade in foods and food products is the requirement for countries to provide risk assessments as part of the process of resolving disputes that involve food safety issues. Risk assessment is a means of evaluating the likelihood and impact of hazards. It provides a framework for systematically considering available data, providing rationales for assumptions, and identifying areas where additional information is needed. While the application of quantitative risk assessment techniques to microbial food safety has been limited, recent studies have increasingly demonstrated its feasibility. Quantitative risk assessment is particularly well suited for use with the hazard analysis critical control point and appears to have potential as an approach for comparing the equivalence of international food safety programs and inspection systems. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AD - ICMSF Secretariat Office, Nestle, Avenue Nestle 55, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland, rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1075 EP - 1086 VL - 61 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - hazards KW - inspection KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - International trade KW - International cooperation KW - Food KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Quality control KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17174620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Potential+application+of+risk+assessment+techniques+to+microbiological+issues+related+to+international+trade+in+food+and+food+products&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Risk assessment; Public health; International trade; Hazards; International cooperation; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormesis - Implications for risk assessment caloric intake (body weight) as an exemplar AN - 17139171; 4442496 AB - Hormesis can be considered as a parameter which has a non-monotonic relationship with some endpoint. Since caloric intake is such a parameter, and the impact of this parameter on risk assessment has been fairly well characterized, it can provide clues as to how to integrate the information from a hormetic parameter into risk assessments for toxicants. Based on the work with caloric intake, one could: (a) define a biomarker for hormetic effect; (b) integrate specific information on when in the animals lifespan the parameter is active to influence parameters such as survival; (c) evaluate component effects of the overall hormetic response; and (d) address the consequences of a non-monotonic relationship between the hormetic parameter and endpoints critical for risk assessment. These impacts on risk assessments have been characterized for chronic tests, but are also true for short-term tests. A priority is the characterization of the doseresponse curves for hormetic parameters. This quantification will be critical in utilizing them in risk assessment. With this information, one could better quantitatively address the changes one expects to result from the hormetic parameter, and limit the uncertainty and variability which occurs in toxicity testing. JF - Human & Experimental Toxicology AU - Turturro, A AU - Hass, B AU - Hart, R W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 N.C.T.R. Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 454 EP - 459 VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 0960-3721, 0960-3721 KW - hormesis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Hormesis+-+Implications+for+risk+assessment+caloric+intake+%28body+weight%29+as+an+exemplar&rft.au=Turturro%2C+A%3BHass%2C+B%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.issn=09603721&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling and analytical method development for qualitative assessment of airborne mycobacterial species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex AN - 17123241; 4427204 AB - This article presents a novel, qualitative approach for detecting airborne M. tuberculosis. Culturing or sample purification is not required. A DNA diagnostic method involving the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled to an enzymatically generated color reaction was used for direct detection of M. bovis BCG (Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin), a surrogate for pathogenic M. tuberculosis. Fewer than 10 mycobacteria were detected with no culturing using this bioanalytical method. Analysis was completed in 1 to 1.5 days, in contrast to traditional culturing methods requiring a minimum of 2-3 weeks. To evaluate an air sampling method coupled to a PCR bioanalytical method, liquid cultures of the surrogate were aerosolized and collected for PCR analyses using 37-mm filter cassettes containing polytetrafluorethylene filters. An Andersen six-stage (viable) particle sizing sampler was employed as a reference sampler. Aerosolized BCG impacted onto Andersen agar plates required incubation periods of 6-8 weeks before small colony forming units could be detected and enumerated. Although the BCG mean length of the rod-shaped particles was 8.3 mu m, the airborne BCG particles were collected predominantly on the Andersen 4-6 stages, representing aerodynamic diameters 0.7 to 3.3 mu m. Approximately 25 mycobacteria were detected without culturing using the PCR-filter cassette method. This approach could be used to detect airborne mycobacterial species of the M. tuberculosis complex and could permit the early detection of contaminated indoor air. Also, the efficacy of environmental controls could be evaluated and monitored. This approach could also be used to study the expulsion of infectious particles from patients and may permit risk assessment in regard to personal respiratory protection. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Schafer, M P AU - Fernback, JE AU - Jensen, P A AD - Centers for Disease, Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1099, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 540 EP - 546 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - airborne microorganisms KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Airborne microorganisms KW - Air sampling KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pollution detection KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17123241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+analytical+method+development+for+qualitative+assessment+of+airborne+mycobacterial+species+of+the+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+complex&rft.au=Schafer%2C+M+P%3BFernback%2C+JE%3BJensen%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pollution detection; Airborne microorganisms; Risk assessment; Air sampling; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vag8, a Bordetella pertussis bvg-Regulated Protein AN - 16556262; 4392183 AB - Bordetella pertussis expresses a bvg-regulated 95-kDa protein, Vag8, encoded by vag-8. Southern blot analysis indicates that strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis have DNA homologous to vag-8. Antiserum raised to a fusion of maltose binding protein to an N-terminal 60-kDa fragment of Vag8 recognizes the native 95-kDa protein in immunoblots of B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica but not B. parapertussis. A 95-kDa protein-negative derivative of B. pertussis 18323 containing a deletion of vag-8 colonized mice as efficiently as the parent B. pertussis strain in a mouse aerosol model of pertussis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Finn, T M AU - Amsbaugh, D F AD - HFM434, CBER, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, finn@cber.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 3985 EP - 3989 VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Vag8 protein KW - maltose-binding protein KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immunoblotting KW - Aerosols KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - DNA KW - Bordetella parapertussis KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vag8%2C+a+Bordetella+pertussis+bvg-Regulated+Protein&rft.au=Finn%2C+T+M%3BAmsbaugh%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella pertussis; DNA; Immunoblotting; Aerosols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative low-dose assessment of seafood toxin, domoic acid, in the rat brain: Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling AN - 16552290; 4386503 AB - The purpose of this study was to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and demonstrate its ability to predict low-dose uptake of domoic acid, a seafood contaminant, in discrete areas of the rat brain. The model we used was derived from the generic PBPK model of our previous studies with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Kim et al., 1994. Pharmacokinetic modeling of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rats and in rabbits brain following single dose administration. Toxicol. Lett. 74, 189; Kim et al., 1995. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dosimetry in discrete areas of the rabbit brain. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 17, 111), to which physiological- and chemical-specific parameters for domoic acid were applied. It incorporates two body compartments along with compartments for venous and arterial blood, cerebrospinal fluid, brain plasma and seven brain regions. Uptake of the blood-borne toxin is membrane-limited by the blood-brain barrier with clearance from the brain provided by cerebrospinal fluid 'sink' mechanisms. This model generated predicted profiles of toxin level in brain and blood over a 1-h period that compared reasonably well with concentrations calculated from in vivo data of rats that had been given [ super(3)H]domoic acid intravenously (Preston and Hynie, 1991. Transfer constants for blood-brain barrier permeation of the neuroexcitatory shellfish toxin, domoic acid. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 18, 39). This PBPK model should be an effective tool for evaluating the target doses that produce the potential neurotoxicity of domoic acid found in foods. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Kim, C S AU - Ross, IA AU - Sandberg, JA AU - Preston, E AD - Division of Toxicological Research (HFS-506), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 49 EP - 58 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - domoic acid KW - pharmacokinetics KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Blood-brain barrier KW - Models KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Seafood KW - Domoic acid KW - Brain KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Neurotoxins KW - Q4 27390:Toxins KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24172:Plants KW - K 03039:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+low-dose+assessment+of+seafood+toxin%2C+domoic+acid%2C+in+the+rat+brain%3A+Application+of+physiologically-based+pharmacokinetic+%28PBPK%29+modeling&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BRoss%2C+IA%3BSandberg%2C+JA%3BPreston%2C+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Domoic acid; Blood-brain barrier; Neurotoxins; Brain; Neurotoxicity; Cerebrospinal fluid; Seafood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health perspective on environmental exposure to hydrazines: A review AN - 16547182; 4382661 AB - Hydrazines are colorless liquid compounds that have been found at various Department of Defense hazardous waste sites. They are designated as environmental contaminants causing adverse effects to public health and have been identified at many National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites and federal facilities sites in the United States. Three chemically similar hydrazines - hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine - occur in the environment and cause adverse health effects to persons living near hazardous waste sites. Humans are exposed to hydrazines by drinking contaminated water, by inhaling contaminated air, or by swallowing or touching contaminated dust. Human occupational data and studies in laboratory animals suggest that people exposed to hydrazines may develop adverse systemic health effects or cancer. Hydrazines have caused cancer in animals following acute- or intermediate- duration exposure by the oral and inhalation routes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the World Health Organization have classified hydrazines as possible cancer- causing environmental contaminants. The presented information may be useful to public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and government agencies for evaluating health effects data on hydrazines. JF - Chemosphere AU - Choudhary, G AU - Hansen, H AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 801 EP - 843 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - hydrazines KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Hydrazine KW - Environmental health KW - Liquid wastes KW - Public health KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Contaminants KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Dust KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Cancer KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Reviews KW - Drinking water KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Human+health+perspective+on+environmental+exposure+to+hydrazines%3A+A+review&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+G%3BHansen%2C+H&rft.aulast=Choudhary&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazardous wastes; Carcinogenicity; Liquid wastes; Environmental health; Dust; Waste disposal sites; Public health; Contaminants; Reviews; Water pollution; Cancer; Drinking water; Air pollution; Hydrazine; Polluted environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of differentially expressed genes in aflatoxin B sub(1)-treated cultured primary rat hepatocytes and Fischer 344 rats AN - 16537481; 4403970 AB - Aflatoxin B sub(1) (AFB sub(1)), a mutagen and hepatocarcinogen in rats and humans, is a contaminant of the human food supply, particularly in parts of Africa and Asia. AFB sub(1)-induced changes in gene expression may play a part in the development of the toxic, immunosuppressive and carcinogenic properties of this fungal metabolite. An understanding of the role of AFB sub(1) in modulating gene regulation should provide insight regarding mechanisms of AFB sub(1)-induced carcinogenesis. We used three PCR-based subtractive techniques to identify AFB sub(1)-responsive genes in cultured primary rat hepatocyte RNA: differential display PCR (DD-PCR), representational difference analysis (RDA) and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Each of the three techniques identified AFB sub(1)-responsive genes, although no individual cDNA was isolated by more than one technique. Nine cDNAs isolated using DD-PCR, RDA or SSH were found to represent eight genes that are differentially expressed as a result of AFB sub(1) exposure. Genes whose mRNA levels were increased in cultured primary rat hepatocytes after AFB sub(1) treatment were corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), cytochrome P450 4F1 (CYP4F1), alpha-2 microglobulin, C4b-binding protein (C4BP), serum amyloid A-2 and glutathione S-transferase Yb2 (GST). Transferrin and a small CYP3A-like cDNA had reduced mRNA levels after AFB sub(1) exposure. Full-length CYP3A mRNA levels were increased. When liver RNA from AFB sub(1)-treated male F344 rats was evaluated for transferrin, CBG, GST, CYP3A and CYP4F1 expression, a decrease in transferrin mRNA and an increase in CBG, GST, CYP3A and CYP4F1 mRNA levels was also seen. Analysis of the potential function of these genes in maintaining cellular homeostasis suggests that their differential expression could contribute to the toxicity associated with AFB sub(1) exposure. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Harris, A J AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Lisenbey, JA AU - Casciano, DA AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, ajharris@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1451 EP - 1458 VL - 19 IS - 8 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16537481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+of+differentially+expressed+genes+in+aflatoxin+B+sub%281%29-treated+cultured+primary+rat+hepatocytes+and+Fischer+344+rats&rft.au=Harris%2C+A+J%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BLisenbey%2C+JA%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fumonisin B sub(1) in pregnant rats. Part 2 AN - 16528845; 4394654 AB - The developmental toxicity of purified fumonisin B sub(1) (FB1), a mycotoxin from the common corn fungus Fusarium moniliforme, was examined in Charles River rats. Pregnant rats were dosed orally on gestation days 3-16 at 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg FB1/kg body weight/day. FB1 was not teratogenic at the doses tested. At 50 mg/kg, maternal toxicity (inappetence, emaciation, lethargy, death, resorption of entire litters) and foetal toxicity (increased number of late deaths, decreased foetal body weight, decreased crown-rump length, increased incidence of hydrocephalus, increased incidence of skeletal anomalies) were seen. The foetal toxicity observed at 50 mg/kg may be related to maternal toxicity. Histopathological evaluation of tissues from dams of control and all treated groups revealed dose-related toxic changes in kidney and liver tissues. Acute toxic tubular nephrosis was seen in kidneys from all treated groups. Hepatocellular cytoplasmic alteration and individual cellular necrosis of the liver was seen in the two high-dose groups. Sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) were measured in day-17 adult and foetal tissues. Dose related increases in Sa/So ratios were seen in maternal liver, kidney, serum and brain, but there was no effect on foetal liver, kidney and brain. These data suggest that FB sub(1) does not cross the placenta and further suggest that the observed foetal toxicity is a secondary response to maternal toxicity. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Collins, TFX AU - Sprando, R L AU - Black, T N AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Laborde, J B AU - Hansen, D K AU - Eppley, R M AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Howard, P C AU - Bryant, MA AU - Ruggles, DI AU - Olejnik, N AU - Rorie, JI AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 673 EP - 685 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - histopathology KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16528845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+pregnant+rats.+Part+2&rft.au=Collins%2C+TFX%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BLaborde%2C+J+B%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BHoward%2C+P+C%3BBryant%2C+MA%3BRuggles%2C+DI%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BRorie%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=TFX&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a rough strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that produces no detectable O157 antigen AN - 16461099; 4401653 AB - MA6, an O157:H7-like strain, did not react with most anti-O157 kits examined; however, it had the rfbE gene that is essential for O157 expression and carried O157:H7 virulence factors. Lipopolysaccharide analysis showed that MA6 is a rough strain that does not produce the O157 antigen, but genetically, it belongs in the O157:H7 clonal group. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Feng, P AU - Sandlin, R C AU - Park, ChH AU - Wilson, R A AU - Nishibuchi, M AD - HFS-516, FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA, pxf@fdacf.ssw.dhhs.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2339 EP - 2341 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rfbE gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16461099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+rough+strain+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+that+produces+no+detectable+O157+antigen&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BSandlin%2C+R+C%3BPark%2C+ChH%3BWilson%2C+R+A%3BNishibuchi%2C+M&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Antigen-Specific Hyporesponsiveness by Transplantation of Hemopoietic Cells Containing an MHC Class I Transgene Regulated by a Lymphocyte-Specific Promoter AN - 16438018; 4337740 AB - We explored a novel approach to tolerance induction by the transplantation of bone marrow (BM) cells (BMCs) that themselves do not express a foreign histocompatibility Ag, but which give rise to mature lymphocytes that do so. Lines of transgenic (FVB) mice were generated that contained an MHC class I D super(d) cDNA regulated by a CD2 promoter. Because the CD2 promoter is lymphocyte-specific and activated relatively late in lymphocyte ontogeny, D super(d) is expressed on most mature lymphocytes in the periphery but only on developing B cells in the BM of transgenic mice. Transgenic BMCs are tolerogenic and reproducibly engraft in nontransgenic mice using a conditioning regimen that is nonpermissive for the engraftment of conventional (MHC promoter) D super(d)-transgenic BMCs. Engrafted BMCs generate transgene-expressing lymphocytes and confer a state of Ag-specific hyporesponsiveness on the host that is primarily attributable to a peripheral mechanism. The strategies by which tolerance can be optimized in this system are discussed. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Hansal, SA AU - Morris, DI AU - Sechler, JMG AU - Love, P E AU - Rosenberg, A S AD - Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Hematologic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29A, 2B-12, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, rosenberg@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1063 EP - 1068 VL - 161 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - transgenic mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06828:Allograft KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16438018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+Antigen-Specific+Hyporesponsiveness+by+Transplantation+of+Hemopoietic+Cells+Containing+an+MHC+Class+I+Transgene+Regulated+by+a+Lymphocyte-Specific+Promoter&rft.au=Hansal%2C+SA%3BMorris%2C+DI%3BSechler%2C+JMG%3BLove%2C+P+E%3BRosenberg%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Hansal&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1063&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of acute exposure to 3-nitropropionic acid on activities of endogenous antioxidants in the rat brain. AN - 73874527; 9726371 AB - The response of endogenous antioxidants to acute exposure of the mitochondrial inhibitor, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), was investigated in selected rat brain regions. Rats treated with 3-NPA (30 mg/kg, s.c.) were sacrificed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after injection to examine the alterations in reduced glutathione levels (GSH), and activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus (HIP), frontal cortex (FC), and caudate nucleus (CN). CAT activity increased in the HIP 90 min after 3-NPA treatment. While cytosolic copper/zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD) and mitochondrial manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) levels increased in the FC at 120 min, only the Mn-SOD increased in the CN 90 min after treatment. The activity of GPx decreased in the HIP 120 min after 3-NPA injection. When compared with the control, administration of 3-NPA led to GSH depletion in HIP within 120 min. The depletion of GSH and induction of antioxidant enzyme activities after the 3-NPA exposure suggest conditions favorable for oxidative stress. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Binienda, Z AU - Simmons, C AU - Hussain, S AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/07/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 31 SP - 173 EP - 176 VL - 251 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Caudate Nucleus -- enzymology KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Frontal Lobe -- enzymology KW - Frontal Lobe -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- enzymology KW - Male KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73874527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Effect+of+acute+exposure+to+3-nitropropionic+acid+on+activities+of+endogenous+antioxidants+in+the+rat+brain.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BSimmons%2C+C%3BHussain%2C+S%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1998-07-31&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - PILOT TESTING OF NEUTRALIZATION AND BIOTREATMENT OF MUSTARD AGENT, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, HARFORD COUNTY, MARYLAND. AN - 36407828; 7019 AB - PURPOSE: The disposal of chemical warfare agent bulk distilled mustard gas (HD) currently stored at the Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), located in northeastern Maryland, is proposed. The 72,000-acre facility, located along the western side of the upper Chesapeake Bay, is one of nine Army installations where chemical warfare agents and munitions are stored. The bulk agent HD stored in steel containers at APG represents five percent of the total U.S. stockpile of 30,000 tons; the entire stockpile is slated for destruction by December 2004. The Army is required under U.S. law to consider technologies other than high-temperature incineration at certain storage sites. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this final EIS. The proposed action would involve the construction of a disposal facility for testing and demonstrating the feasibility of neutralization and biotreatment disposal technology. Before neutralization, the agent would be pumped from ton containers into a holding tank, and the HD agent would be mixed with water near the boiling point. After neutralization was complete, the process effluent would be sent to an on-site biotreatment facility, then sent for further processing at the Edgewood Area Wastewater Treatment Plant, then discharged to the Bush River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Hazardous wastes would be characterized, packaged, and shipped off-site to a permitted disposal facility. Nonhazardous waste would be disposed of at a nearby landfill. The preferred site for the disposal facility is adjacent to the existing chemical agent storage yard where the ton containers are currently stored. An alternative site is also under consideration. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposal would respond to congressional mandate to dispose of the mustard chemical agent and also respond to the public interest in finding an alternative to incineration. The pilot phase of the project would verify the safety of the processes and the environmental acceptability of the method. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Pilot testing would involve the potential risk from low-probability accidents that could release the HD agent into the environment. Land and water bodies could be adversely affected up to 4.7 miles and accidental spills could result in localized contamination. Some wildlife habitat would be destroyed as a result of construction activities. Construction activities would disturb 34 acres and temporarily increase suspended dust. The discharge of treated effluent into the Bush River would add to existing nutrient loading in the Chesapeake Bay. LEGAL MANDATES: Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-145), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), and Public Law 102-484. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 98-0137D, Volume 22, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 980299, 324 pages, July 30, 1998 PY - 1998 KW - Wastes KW - Chemical Agents KW - Disposal KW - Historic Sites Surveys KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Incineration KW - Landfills KW - Military Facilities (Army) KW - Safety KW - Seismic Surveys KW - Storage KW - Toxicity KW - Waste Disposal KW - Waste Management KW - Water Quality KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife Surveys KW - Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland KW - Bush River KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - Maryland KW - Public Law 102-484, Project Authorization KW - Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986, Project Authorization KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, NPDES Permits KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36407828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=PILOT+TESTING+OF+NEUTRALIZATION+AND+BIOTREATMENT+OF+MUSTARD+AGENT%2C+ABERDEEN+PROVING+GROUND%2C+HARFORD+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=PILOT+TESTING+OF+NEUTRALIZATION+AND+BIOTREATMENT+OF+MUSTARD+AGENT%2C+ABERDEEN+PROVING+GROUND%2C+HARFORD+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Chemical Demilitarization Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: July 30, 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of mutant frequencies and types of mutations induced by thiotepa in the endogenous Hprt gene and transgenic lacI gene of Big Blue rats. AN - 73893514; 9726020 AB - The utility of the lacI transgene of Big Blue rats as a reporter of in vivo mutation was evaluated by comparing the frequency and types of mutations induced by thiotepa in the transgene and the endogenous Hprt gene. Transgenic rats were given i.p. injections of 1.4 mg/kg of thiotepa three times per week over a period of 4 weeks (a total dose of 16.8 mg/kg); 1 week after the last injection, mutation assays were performed on spleen lymphocytes isolated from the animals. Thiotepa treatment increased the lacI mutant frequency from 34.8 +/- 4.1 x 10(-6) in control animals to 140.9 +/- 64.8 x 10(-6) (p = 0.0020) and the Hprt mutant frequency from 3.5 +/- 1.5 x 10(-6) to 41.1 +/- 23.2 x 10(-6) (p = 0.0028). Sequence analysis of lacI mutant DNA and Hprt mutant cDNA produced similar overall mutation patterns: G:C-->T:A transversion was the most common base pair substitution (32% of independent mutations in the lacI gene and 28% of Hprt mutations), and deletions and insertions accounted for 34% of mutations in the lacI gene and 28% in the Hprt gene. The majority of thiotepa-induced base pair substitutions in the Hprt gene occurred with the mutated purine on the non-transcribed DNA strand, while no strand-related bias was found for mutations in the lacI gene. Substitutions at G:C base pairs in the lacI gene, but not in the Hprt gene, were found disproportionately in CpG sites. In addition, multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of genomic DNA from the Hprt mutants indicated that 34% had relatively large deletions; none of these deletions was detected by the cDNA analysis. The results indicate that the frequency of thiotepa-induced mutants in Big Blue rats was 2.8-fold greater in the lacI gene than in the Hprt gene. Although the Hprt gene recovered a fraction of large deletions not found among the lacI mutants, the effects of transcription-coupled DNA repair in the Hprt gene and the targeting of base pair substitutions to G:C base pairs in CpG sites may have contributed to the higher mutant frequencies induced by thiotepa in the lacI transgene compared with the Hprt gene. JF - Mutation research AU - Chen, T AU - Aidoo, A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Shelton, S D AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Casciano, D A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. tchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/07/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 17 SP - 199 EP - 214 VL - 403 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Mutagens KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Thiotepa KW - 905Z5W3GKH KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Genes, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Base Sequence KW - Point Mutation KW - Introns KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Recombinant -- genetics KW - Male KW - Thiotepa -- toxicity KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73893514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+mutant+frequencies+and+types+of+mutations+induced+by+thiotepa+in+the+endogenous+Hprt+gene+and+transgenic+lacI+gene+of+Big+Blue+rats.&rft.au=Chen%2C+T%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-07-17&rft.volume=403&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processing and evaluation of adverse drug experience reports at the Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. AN - 80024575; 9676589 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Keller, W C AU - Bataller, N AU - Oeller, D S AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/07/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 15 SP - 208 EP - 211 VL - 213 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Databases, Factual KW - Algorithms KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Pharmacopoeias as Topic KW - Drug Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80024575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Processing+and+evaluation+of+adverse+drug+experience+reports+at+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration+Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine.&rft.au=Keller%2C+W+C%3BBataller%2C+N%3BOeller%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-15&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromatographic methods of analysis of antibiotics in milk. AN - 80043335; 9691311 AB - The widespread use of antibiotics in dairy cattle management may result in the presence of antibiotic residues in milk. While rapid screening tests are commonly used to detect the presence of antibiotics in milk, more accurate chromatographic methods are required by government regulatory agencies to identify and confirm the identity and quantity of antibiotic present. This paper review recent developments in the chromatographic determination of antibiotic residues in milk. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Schenck, F J AU - Callery, P S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. Y1 - 1998/07/03/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 03 SP - 99 EP - 109 VL - 812 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Residues KW - Chromatography KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80043335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Chromatographic+methods+of+analysis+of+antibiotics+in+milk.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BCallery%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-07-03&rft.volume=812&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of UVA emissions from sunlamps and the potential importance for melanoma. AN - 80034157; 9679452 AB - Exposure to solar UV radiation is a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Epidemiologic studies have also considered the use of sunlamps as a possible contributor to CMM. We measured and analyzed the emission spectra of six different currently marketed sunlamps and a historical sunlamp, the UVB-emitting FS lamp, and compared the results to solar exposure. For a typical tanner (20 sessions @ 2 minimal erythema doses (MED)/session), the annual UVA doses from commonly used fluorescent sunlamps were 0.3-1.2 times that received from the sun. For a frequent tanner (100 sessions @ 4 MED/session), the annual UVA doses from fluorescent sunlamps were 1.2-4.7 times that received from the sun and 12 times for recently available, high-pressure sunlamps. To determine biologically effective doses, action spectra for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in humans and for melanoma in the Xiphophorus fish (XFM) were applied to the sunlamps' emission spectra. The results for the effective doses using the SCC action spectrum tracked the UVB doses, while the results using the XFM action spectrum tracked the UVA doses. When combined with UV exposure received from the sun, typical sunlamp use results in an approximate doubling of annual effective dose, if the XFM action spectrum is applied. Frequent use, however, can increase the annual effective XFM dose by as much as 6 times what would be received from the sun alone for fluorescent sunlamps and as much as 12 times for newer, high-pressure sunlamps. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Miller, S A AU - Hamilton, S L AU - Wester, U G AU - Cyr, W H AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. SYM@CDRH.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 63 EP - 70 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- etiology KW - Lighting -- adverse effects KW - Cyprinodontiformes KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Photobiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Melanoma -- etiology KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80034157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+UVA+emissions+from+sunlamps+and+the+potential+importance+for+melanoma.&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+A%3BHamilton%2C+S+L%3BWester%2C+U+G%3BCyr%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specificity of the BAX polymerase chain reaction system for detection of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. AN - 80030560; 9680707 AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used for rapid and specific detection of foodborne pathogens. One commercial kit, the Qualicon BAX system uses PCR to detect Listeria monocytogenes in enrichment cultures derived from food and environmental samples. The specificity and sensitivity of the BAX system for detecting L. monocytogenes were characterized by using both pure and mixed cell cultures, and optimal conditions for production of cell lysates were determined. The BAX system was highly specific for L. monocytogenes, and no interference was seen in the presence of either other Listeria species or microbes from other genera. The assay detected L. monocytogenes at 10(5)-10(6) colony-forming units/mL. This sensitivity is adequate for detecting viable cells after enrichment but prevents false-positive signals from nonviable cells. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Stewart, D AU - Gendel, S M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 817 EP - 822 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - bcl-2-Associated X Protein KW - Muramidase KW - EC 3.2.1.17 KW - Endopeptidase K KW - EC 3.4.21.64 KW - Pronase KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Pronase -- chemistry KW - Endopeptidase K -- chemistry KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Muramidase -- chemistry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- chemistry KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- chemistry KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80030560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Specificity+of+the+BAX+polymerase+chain+reaction+system+for+detection+of+the+foodborne+pathogen+Listeria+monocytogenes.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+D%3BGendel%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeatability and reproducibility estimates from collaborative studies based on total concentration of trace analytes. AN - 80029507; 9680704 AB - In the process of validating a given analytical method for the total concentration of a trace analyte, the precision indicators, repeatability and reproducibility, are obtained from a collaborative study of the method based on a standard one-way completely randomized model. This report discusses the shortcomings of the statistical models used in such studies, defines the component makeup for estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility variances based on these models, and considers suggestions offered as new policy regarding method performance based on total concentration. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - McClure, F D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 795 EP - 801 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Algorithms KW - Models, Statistical KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Microchemistry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Quality Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80029507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Repeatability+and+reproducibility+estimates+from+collaborative+studies+based+on+total+concentration+of+trace+analytes.&rft.au=McClure%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=McClure&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from carboxymethylcellulose gum, gum ghatti, and gelatin. AN - 80029266; 9680696 AB - Foods analyzed for Salmonella spp. by the procedure in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 test portion/broth ratio. Various thickening agents preenriched at this ratio become viscous and nonpipettable after 24 h incubation at 35 degrees C. The effects of 3 factors (presence of inorganic salts, adjustment of pH, and presence of enzymes) on the viscosity of the test portion/preenrichment mixtures of various thickening agents during incubation were determined. Reduction of the viscosities of these thickening agents was accomplished as follows: carboxymethylcellulose gum, addition of cellulase to a final concentration of 0.10% in lactose broth preenrichment and incubation with no pH adjustment; gum ghatti, addition of NaCl to a final concentration of 0.10% in lactose broth preerichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.5; and gelatin, addition of papain to a final concentration of 0.10% in lactose broth preenrichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.8. With these modified preenrichments, one Salmonella spp. cell/25 g (representing an approximate most probable number value of 0.04 cell/g) was generally recovered from the thickening agents. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Amaguaña, R M AU - Hammack, T S AU - Andrews, W H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 721 EP - 726 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Food Additives KW - Plant Gums KW - Polysaccharides KW - Carrageenan KW - 9000-07-1 KW - Gelatin KW - 9000-70-8 KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Papain KW - EC 3.4.22.2 KW - Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium KW - K679OBS311 KW - gum ghatti KW - X1N78DL020 KW - Index Medicus KW - Viscosity KW - Enzymes -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Food Additives -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80029266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Methods+for+the+recovery+of+Salmonella+spp.+from+carboxymethylcellulose+gum%2C+gum+ghatti%2C+and+gelatin.&rft.au=Amagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+M%3BHammack%2C+T+S%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Amagua%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol residues in milk by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. AN - 80029214; 9680695 AB - A gas chromatographic (GC) method is described for determining residues of chloramphenicol (CAP), florfenicol (FF), and thiamphenicol (TAP) in raw milk, with meta-nitrochloramphenicol (mCAP) as internal standard. Milk is extracted with acetonitrile, centrifuged, evaporated, reconstituted in water, and passed through a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The SPE column is eluted with 60% methanol, and then the eluate is evaporated and derivatized with Sylon BFT ¿N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide [BSTFA]-trimethylchlorosilane [TMCS], 99 + 1¿. After derivatization, toluene is added directly to the sample, followed by water, to quench the derivatization process. After centrifugation, the organic layer is carefully removed. Analytes are determined by GC with electron capture detection (ECD). Milk was fortified with fenicols (the collective name for CAP, FF, and TAP) at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/mL (target level = 10 ng/mL). Overall recoveries were 92, 100, and 104% for CAP, FF, and TAP, respectively. Overall interassay (between-day) variabilities were 6.1, 6.7, and 6.0% for CAP, FF, and TAP, respectively. Raw milk samples containing incurred residues of FF were also analyzed. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Madson, M R AU - Roybal, J E AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Gonzales, S A AU - Hurlbut, J A AU - Salmon, G D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 714 EP - 720 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - florfenicol KW - 9J97307Y1H KW - Thiamphenicol KW - FLQ7571NPM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Reference Standards KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Thiamphenicol -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Thiamphenicol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Chloramphenicol -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80029214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+determination+of+chloramphenicol%2C+florfenicol%2C+and+thiamphenicol+residues+in+milk+by+gas+chromatography+with+electron+capture+detection.&rft.au=Pfenning%2C+A+P%3BMadson%2C+M+R%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BGonzales%2C+S+A%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A%3BSalmon%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Pfenning&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of flumequine, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and piromidic acid residues in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). AN - 80028635; 9680708 AB - A peer-verified, liquid chromatographic (LC) method for simultaneous determination of residues of flumequine (FLU), nalidixic acid (NAL), oxolinic acid (OXO), and piromidic acid (PIR) in catfish muscle is presented. Sample workup involves homogenizing tissue with acetone, defatting with hexane, and extracting quinolones into chloroform. Sample is purified further by partitioning into base and then subsequently back-extracting into chloroform after acidifying the aqueous phase. After solvent is evaporated, the residue is diluted with mobile phase, and analytes are introduced into an LC system where separations are made with a 5 microns, reversed-phase polymer column and an isocratic, buffered acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran mobile phase. Determinations are made by UV detection at 280 nm for PIR and by fluorescence detection (excitation at 325 excitation and emission at 365 nm) for the other 3 analytes. Each quinolone was used to fortify catfish muscle at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/g. The following recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) values represent an average of the 5 levels for each analyte: FLU, 79.7% (RSD = 5.7%); OXO, 80.8% (RSD = 6.3%); PIR, 75.0% (RSD = 5.9%); and NAL, 87.1% (RSD = 10%). Assay of 5 levels (base incurred catfish, plus 4 dilutions with control catfish) of catfish muscle incurred with the 4 quinolones gave the following averages: FLU: base, 198 ng/g (RSD = 2.3%); dilutions, 98.0 ng/g (RSD = 4.2%), 61.6 ng/g (RSD = 4.4%), 21.6 ng/g (RSD = 2.8%), 9.24 ng/g (RSD = 8.7%); OXO, base, 257 ng/g (RSD = 6.9%); dilutions, 146 ng/g (RSD = 5.5%), 95.0 ng/g (RSD = 4.1%), 30.7 ng/g (RSD = 3.8%), 13.7 ng/g (RSD = 4.6%); PIR, base, 22.1 ng/g (RSD = 4.2%); dilutions, 13.7% ng/g (RSD = 6.7%), 6.49 ng/g (RSD = 15%), 2.65 ng/g (RSD = 15%); and NAL, base, 75.1 ng/g (RSD = 3.8%); dilutions, 42.3 ng/g (RSD = 5.1%), 24.1 ng/g (RSD = 6.3%), 8.59 ng/g (RSD = 4.8%). A second multiresidue analysis of the 4 quinolones was performed by an outside analyst. Average recoveries from catfish fortified at 5, 10, 20, and 40 ng/g were FLU, 75.9% (RSD = 4.0%); OXO, 84.0% (RSD = 5.5%); NAL, 85.6% (RSD = 8.9%); and PIR, 66.2% (RSD = 8.7%). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Munns, R K AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Roybal, J E AU - Holland, D C AU - Long, A R AU - Plakas, S M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 825 EP - 838 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Quinolizines KW - Nalidixic Acid KW - 3B91HWA56M KW - Piromidic Acid KW - 3I12WH4EWF KW - Oxolinic Acid KW - L0A22B22FT KW - flumequine KW - UVG8VSP2SJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxolinic Acid -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Quinolizines -- analysis KW - Piromidic Acid -- analysis KW - Nalidixic Acid -- analysis KW - Reference Standards KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Calibration KW - Quality Control KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Ictaluridae -- metabolism KW - Meat -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80028635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+flumequine%2C+nalidixic+acid%2C+oxolinic+acid%2C+and+piromidic+acid+residues+in+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29.&rft.au=Munns%2C+R+K%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BPfenning%2C+A+P%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BHolland%2C+D+C%3BLong%2C+A+R%3BPlakas%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Munns&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fumonisin B1 and its hydrolysis product in tortillas. AN - 80028584; 9680698 AB - Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme, a fungus that occurs widely in corn. Fumonisins causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in swine and have been suggested as a possible cause of an increased incidence of neural tube defects among people living along the Texas-Mexico border. As part of an effort to determine levels of fumonisins in human food, a liquid chromatographic (LC) method was devised for determining fumonisin B1 (FB1) and the total hydrolysis product of FB1 (HB1) in tortillas. The method uses acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 3; 1 + 1) extraction, solid-phase C18 cleanup, o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol derivatization, and reversed-phase LC. Average recoveries from tortillas spiked with FB1 and HB1 at 250, 500, and 1000 ng/g were 86.5% for FB1 and 82.6% for HB1. Tortillas (54) and masa (8) from the Texas-Mexico border were analyzed for FB1 and HB1. Average amounts of FB1 and HB1 in tortillas were 187 and 82 ng/g, respectively. Average amounts of FB1 and HB1 in masas were 262 and 64 ng/g, respectively. The results show that fumonisin B1 and its hydrolysis product are present in tortillas consumed by a population experiencing an increased incidence of neural tube defects. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Stack, M E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 737 EP - 740 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Flour -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Food Analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Hydrolysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80028584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fumonisin+B1+and+its+hydrolysis+product+in+tortillas.&rft.au=Stack%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of deoxynivalenol in white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran by solid-phase extraction/liquid chromatography: interlaboratory study. AN - 80025761; 9680714 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining deoxynivalenol (DON) in white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran at or above the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory level of 1 microgram/g was evaluated by an interlaboratory study. Test samples of processed wheat (flour and bran) were extracted by blending with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16). Extracts were filtered and passed through a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The eluate was then chromatographed on a reversed-phase LC column with a water-methanol gradient. DON was measured at 220 nm. Naturally contaminated white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran samples and spiking solutions of DON to be added to the 3 commodities at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms/g were sent to 4 collaborators in Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Washington states. Three collaborators completed the study. Average recoveries of DON from the 3 commodities spiked at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms/g were 94, 87, and 97%, respectively. Within-laboratory relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 3.1 to 21.7% and between-laboratory relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 10.8 to 38.7%. On the basis of the results of this study, the SPE/LC method for DON in white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran was adopted as a peer-verified method by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Page, S W AU - Wood, G E AU - Cho, T H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 880 EP - 886 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Solutions KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Quality Control KW - Flour -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Dietary Fiber -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80025761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+white+flour%2C+whole+wheat+flour%2C+and+bran+by+solid-phase+extraction%2Fliquid+chromatography%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BWood%2C+G+E%3BCho%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in detection of alcohol use in a prenatal population (on a Northern Plains Indian Reservation) using various methods of ascertainment. AN - 80022563; 9676158 AB - Although Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) rates have been reported to be higher in American Indian populations, no screening tool has been validated for alcohol use in American Indian women. The objectives of this study were to compare the detection of prenatal alcohol use by a self-administered questionnaire to detection by clinical interview; and to ascertain whether the screening tool would increase detection of pregnant women who are abusing alcohol. The hospital records of the women were reviewed for any history of alcohol-related illnesses or injuries to compare with results obtained from the questionnaire. Seventy women attending their first prenatal clinic visit on a reservation were screened for alcohol use. There was a wide range in detection of prenatal alcohol use (20%-71% of the sample detected) depending on the method used. There was a large variation in sensitivities (7%-93%) of the individual questions in identifying patients detected as "high risk" by the clinicians. The T-ACE screening questions significantly increased detection of alcohol use compared to detection by the clinicians (p = 0.04 Fisher's exact test). Due to the large variation between different methods of detection, it is recommended that screening tools that increase detection of alcohol use should be combined with methods of higher specificity such as using questions about quantity and frequency of alcohol intake, medical chart review and clinical interview. We also found that various interpretations of the screening questions by the patients highlighted the need to tailor the wording of individual questions to the particular patient population. JF - South Dakota journal of medicine AU - Gale, T C AU - White, J A AU - Welty, T K AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, PHS Indian Hospital, Rapid City, SD, USA. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 235 EP - 240 VL - 51 IS - 7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Infant, Newborn KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- ethnology KW - Indians, North American KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Pregnancy Complications -- prevention & control KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- ethnology KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80022563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Dakota+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Differences+in+detection+of+alcohol+use+in+a+prenatal+population+%28on+a+Northern+Plains+Indian+Reservation%29+using+various+methods+of+ascertainment.&rft.au=Gale%2C+T+C%3BWhite%2C+J+A%3BWelty%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=South+Dakota+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining priority hazardous substances related to hazardous waste sites. AN - 80001057; 9664643 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Roney, N AU - Henriques, W D AU - Fay, M AU - Holler, J S AU - Susten, S S AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. NXR6@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 521 EP - 532 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public Health KW - Government KW - Humans KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Waste -- classification KW - Public Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80001057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Determining+priority+hazardous+substances+related+to+hazardous+waste+sites.&rft.au=Roney%2C+N%3BHenriques%2C+W+D%3BFay%2C+M%3BHoller%2C+J+S%3BSusten%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Roney&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucuronidation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine) by human liver microsomes: relevance to clinical pharmacokinetic interactions with atovaquone, fluconazole, methadone, and valproic acid. AN - 79999184; 9660989 AB - Zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine [AZT]), an antiviral nucleoside analog effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection, is primarily metabolized to an inactive glucuronide form, GAZT, via uridine-5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. UGT enzymes exist as different isoforms, each exhibiting substrate specificity. Published clinical studies have shown that atovaquone, fluconazole, methadone, and valproic acid decreased GAZT formation, presumably due to UGT inhibition. The effect of these drugs on AZT glucuronidation was assessed in vitro by using human hepatic microsomes to begin understanding in vitro-in vivo correlations for UGT metabolism. The concentrations of each drug studied were equal to those reported with the usual clinical doses and at concentrations at least 10 times higher than would be expected with these doses. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the respective metabolism and formation of AZT and GAZT. All four drugs exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of AZT glucuronidation. The respective concentrations of atovaquone and methadone which caused 50% inhibition of GAZT were > 100 and 8 micrograms/ml, well above their usual clinical concentrations. Fluconazole and valproic acid exhibited 50% inhibition of GAZT at 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, which are within the clinical ranges of 10 to 100 and 50 to 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. These data suggest that inhibition of AZT glucuronidation may be more clinically significant with concomitant fluconazole and valproic acid. Factors such as inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability and changes in AZT intracellular concentrations should be considered as other mechanisms responsible for changes in AZT pharmacokinetics with concomitant therapies. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Trapnell, C B AU - Klecker, R W AU - Jamis-Dow, C AU - Collins, J M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. trapnelc@globomax.com Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 1592 EP - 1596 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Antifungal Agents KW - Glucuronates KW - Naphthoquinones KW - Narcotics KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Valproic Acid KW - 614OI1Z5WI KW - Fluconazole KW - 8VZV102JFY KW - Methadone KW - UC6VBE7V1Z KW - Atovaquone KW - Y883P1Z2LT KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Valproic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Anticonvulsants -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Naphthoquinones -- pharmacology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Fluconazole -- pharmacology KW - Glucuronates -- metabolism KW - Narcotics -- pharmacology KW - Methadone -- pharmacology KW - Zidovudine -- metabolism KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79999184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Glucuronidation+of+3%27-azido-3%27-deoxythymidine+%28zidovudine%29+by+human+liver+microsomes%3A+relevance+to+clinical+pharmacokinetic+interactions+with+atovaquone%2C+fluconazole%2C+methadone%2C+and+valproic+acid.&rft.au=Trapnell%2C+C+B%3BKlecker%2C+R+W%3BJamis-Dow%2C+C%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Trapnell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Mar;24(3):356-63 [8820428] Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1994 May;15(4):295-304 [8068867] J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1997 Jul;30(1):69-74 [9268223] Lancet. 1989 Aug 26;2(8661):473-5 [2570186] Br J Addict. 1990 Dec;85(12):1599-602 [1981155] Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 Jul 15;42(3):559-68 [1907149] Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Jul;32(1):17-21 [1909542] Drug Metab Dispos. 1991 Jul-Aug;19(4):809-15 [1680659] Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Jan 22;43(2):382-6 [1739424] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Jun 9;1139(1-2):20-4 [1610916] Ann Intern Med. 1992 Sep 15;117(6):487-501 [1503352] Drug Metab Dispos. 1992 Jul-Aug;20(4):578-84 [1356738] N Engl J Med. 1993 Jun 10;328(23):1686-95 [8387640] Drug Metab Dispos. 1993 Sep-Oct;21(5):823-9 [7902243] Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;45(5):397-407 [8112367] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Sep;56(3):272-8 [7924122] BMJ. 1994 Oct 15;309(6960):997-1001 [7950725] Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1995;36(2):107-14 [7767945] J Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;172(2):599-602 [7622915] J Addict Dis. 1995;14(1):85-108 [7632750] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jun;39(6):1376-8 [7574535] Toxicol Pathol. 1995 Mar-Apr;23(2):199-208 [7569675] Life Sci. 1995;57(20):1819-31 [7475929] Drugs. 1995 Jul;50(1):43-7 [7588088] Drugs. 1995 Jul;50(1):176-96 [7588086] Drugs. 1995 Oct;50(4):658-90 [8536553] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Jan;59(1):14-21 [8549029] Ann Intern Med. 1996 Mar 15;124(6):573-6 [8597321] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996 May;30(5):385-401 [8743337] Drugs. 1994 Feb;47(2):332-72 [7512905] J Infect Dis. 1994 May;169(5):1103-7 [8169401] Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Apr 29;47(9):1469-79 [8185657] J Addict Dis. 1994;13(1):5-26 [8018740] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Mar;32(3):210-58 [9084960] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of a hemolytic toxin (aerolysin) gene from Aeromonas trota. AN - 79991537; 9647817 AB - Aeromonas trota AK2, which was derived from ATCC 49659 and produces the extracellular pore-forming hemolytic toxin aerolysin, was mutagenized with the transposon mini-Tn5Km1 to generate a hemolysin-deficient mutant, designated strain AK253. Southern blotting data indicated that an 8.7-kb NotI fragment of the genomic DNA of strain AK253 contained the kanamycin resistance gene of mini-Tn5Km1. The 8.7-kb NotI DNA fragment was cloned into the vector pGEM5Zf(-) by selecting for kanamycin resistance, and the resultant clone, pAK71, showed aerolysin activity in Escherichia coli JM109. The nucleotide sequence of the aerA gene, located on the 1.8-kb ApaI-EcoRI fragment, was determined to consist of 1,479 bp and to have an ATG initiation codon and a TAA termination codon. An in vitro coupled transcription-translation analysis of the 1.8-kb region suggested that the aerA gene codes for a 54-kDa protein, in agreement with nucleotide sequence data. The deduced amino acid sequence of the aerA gene product of A. trota exhibited 99% homology with the amino acid sequence of the aerA product of Aeromonas sobria AB3 and 57% homology with the amino acid sequences of the products of the aerA genes of Aeromonas salmonicida 17-2 and A. sobria 33. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Khan, A A AU - Kim, E AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. AKHAN@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 2473 EP - 2478 VL - 64 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins KW - aerolysin KW - 53126-24-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Transformation, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Aeromonas -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Aeromonas -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79991537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning%2C+nucleotide+sequence%2C+and+expression+in+Escherichia+coli+of+a+hemolytic+toxin+%28aerolysin%29+gene+from+Aeromonas+trota.&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BKim%2C+E%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF064068; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Microb Pathog. 1992 Dec;13(6):433-46 [1302284] Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1992 Jul;42(3):412-21 [1380289] J Appl Bacteriol. 1995 Feb;78(2):175-9 [7698952] J Clin Pathol. 1996 Feb;49(2):173-5 [8655689] Lett Appl Microbiol. 1997 Apr;24(4):233-9 [9134769] Nature. 1975 Mar 6;254(5495):34-8 [803646] J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503-17 [1195397] Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513-23 [388356] J Clin Microbiol. 1981 Apr;13(4):769-77 [6112237] Biochemistry. 1982 Mar 30;21(7):1662-7 [7082638] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(9):2976-80 [7045877] J Bacteriol. 1983 Feb;153(2):909-15 [6401709] J Bacteriol. 1983 Apr;154(1):200-10 [6300033] Infect Immun. 1984 Oct;46(1):122-7 [6480102] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Aug;48(2):361-6 [6385848] Infect Immun. 1984 Nov;46(2):435-41 [6500697] J Bacteriol. 1985 May;162(2):510-5 [3886626] J Bacteriol. 1985 Jul;163(1):336-40 [3891735] Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(3):472-5 [3900640] J Bacteriol. 1986 Jul;167(1):368-74 [3522552] J Med Microbiol. 1987 Mar;23(2):171-7 [3104592] Infect Immun. 1987 Jul;55(7):1594-9 [3596803] Infect Immun. 1987 Sep;55(9):2274-80 [3305370] Mol Microbiol. 1988 Jul;2(4):507-17 [2459581] Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Sep-Oct;10(5):980-97 [3055195] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Nov;54(11):2664-71 [3063207] Infect Immun. 1990 Jul;58(7):2127-32 [1694819] J Bacteriol. 1990 Nov;172(11):6568-72 [2172217] Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1990 Sep;190(3):236-56 [2261055] J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Jun;29(6):1206-10 [1864939] J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Dec;29(12):2843-9 [1757558] Microb Pathog. 1991 Sep;11(3):189-97 [1800890] Microb Pathog. 1993 Oct;15(4):269-82 [8309354] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for 2,4-toluenediamine leached from polyurethane foam-covered breast implants. AN - 79962631; 9637796 AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to assess the low-dose exposure of patients to the carcinogen 2, 4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA) released from the degradation of the polyester urethane foam (PU) used in Meme silicone breast implants. The tissues are represented as five compartments: liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, slowly perfused tissues (e.g., fat), and richly perfused tissues (e.g., muscle). The PBPK model was fitted to the plasma and urine concentrations of 2,4-TDA and its metabolite 4-AAT (4-N-acetyl-2-amino toluene) in rats given low doses of 2, 4-TDA intravenously and subcutaneously. The rat model was extrapolated to simulate oral and implant routes in rats. After adjusting for human physiological parameters, the model was then used to predict the bioavailability of 2,4-TDA released from a typical 4.87-g polyester urethane foam implant found in a patient who weighed 58 kg with the Meme and had the breast implant for 10 years. A quantitative risk assessment for 2,4-TDA was performed and the polyester urethane foam did present an unreasonable risk to health for the patient. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Luu, H M AU - Hutter, J C AU - Bushar, H F AD - Center For Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 393 EP - 400 VL - 106 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Phenylenediamines KW - Polyurethanes KW - 2,4-diaminotoluene KW - IS1AKN4HYB KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Algorithms KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Phenylenediamines -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Phenylenediamines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polyurethanes -- chemistry KW - Breast Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79962631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=A+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+model+for+2%2C4-toluenediamine+leached+from+polyurethane+foam-covered+breast+implants.&rft.au=Luu%2C+H+M%3BHutter%2C+J+C%3BBushar%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Luu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Xenobiotica. 1976 APR;6(4):257-62 [820087] Toxicol Ind Health. 1997 Jul-Aug;13(4):407-84 [9249929] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1978 Nov-Dec;2(2):325-56 [84039] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Dec;3(1-2):149-66 [547012] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Mar 30;73(1):159-75 [6710512] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Feb;87(2):185-205 [3824380] Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988 Aug;82(2):285-90 [3269709] Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978 Jan;61(1):80-5 [339248] Cancer Res. 1969 May;29(5):1137-45 [5781104] Xenobiotica. 1975 Aug;5(8):475-83 [241157] J Biomed Mater Res. 1989 Dec;23(A3 Suppl):311-9 [2613741] Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Jun;85(6):903-16 [2190246] Clin Chem. 1991 May;37(5):756-8 [1851677] Clin Chem. 1991 Dec;37(12):2143-5 [1662561] J Biomed Mater Res. 1993 May;27(5):655-66 [8314818] J Biomed Mater Res. 1993 Oct;27(10):1341-8 [8245048] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Feb;124(2):181-90 [8122263] Toxicol Lett. 1995 May;77(1-3):371-8 [7618164] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Nov;106(11):A526-7 [9882175] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent situation of prevention, preparedness and response to chemical accidents in the Republic of Korea. AN - 73952042; 9760486 JF - The Journal of toxicological sciences AU - Kim, P Y AU - Moon, H H AD - Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 284 EP - 286 VL - 23 Suppl 2 SN - 0388-1350, 0388-1350 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Korea KW - Accident Prevention KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73952042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+toxicological+sciences&rft.atitle=Recent+situation+of+prevention%2C+preparedness+and+response+to+chemical+accidents+in+the+Republic+of+Korea.&rft.au=Kim%2C+P+Y%3BMoon%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=23+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+toxicological+sciences&rft.issn=03881350&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the hemizygous transgenic Tg.AC mouse for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals. I. Evidence for a confounding nonresponder phenotype. AN - 73860119; 9715512 AB - We have completed 2 26-wk studies to evaluate the hemizygous transgenic Tg.AC mouse, which has been proposed as an alternative short term model for testing carcinogenicity. We attempted to evaluate the response to the known rodent carcinogens cyclophosphamide, phenolphthalein, and tamoxifen and to the noncarcinogen chlorpheniramine following topical application. In the first study, a weak response (2/17 animals) was observed to the positive control 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA in ethanol, 1.25 micrograms), and no response was observed to cyclophosphamide, phenolphthalein, or chlorpheniramine, despite evidence for skin penetration. The second study compared 1.25 micrograms and 6.25 micrograms of TPA in ethanol and acetone solutions. Tamoxifen was also evaluated in both solvents and orally. No significant response was observed to tamoxifen by skin paint or oral routes. Over 60% of the high dose TPA-treated animals showed no (0 or 1) papilloma response, and 30% of the animals each developed more than 32 papillomas. The heterogenous response to high dose TPA may be related to variability in the responsiveness of hemizygous animals. In light of these findings, further Tg.AC studies should employ homozygous animals, and the underlying cause for heterogeneity in the tumorigenic response of Tg.AC mice should be identified and eliminated. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Weaver, J L AU - Contrera, J F AU - Rosenzweig, B A AU - Thompson, K L AU - Faustino, P J AU - Strong, J M AU - Ellison, C D AU - Anderson, L W AU - Prasanna, H R AU - Long-Bradley, P E AU - Lin, K K AU - Zhang, J AU - Sistare, F D AD - Office of Testing and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 532 EP - 540 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Papilloma -- pathology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Phenotype KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Administration, Topical KW - Mice, Transgenic -- physiology KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mice, Transgenic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73860119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+hemizygous+transgenic+Tg.AC+mouse+for+carcinogenicity+testing+of+pharmaceuticals.+I.+Evidence+for+a+confounding+nonresponder+phenotype.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+J+L%3BContrera%2C+J+F%3BRosenzweig%2C+B+A%3BThompson%2C+K+L%3BFaustino%2C+P+J%3BStrong%2C+J+M%3BEllison%2C+C+D%3BAnderson%2C+L+W%3BPrasanna%2C+H+R%3BLong-Bradley%2C+P+E%3BLin%2C+K+K%3BZhang%2C+J%3BSistare%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive function in relation to duty assignments among military personnel. AN - 73855384; 9717697 AB - As a follow-up to the pilot study of semen quality of soldiers with various military assignments a larger, more complete study was conducted. Soldiers were recruited at Fort Hood, Texas. Thirty-three men were exposed to radar as part of their duty assignment in the Signal Corps, 57 men were involved with firing the 155 mm howitzer (potential lead exposure), and 103 soldiers had neither lead nor radar exposure and served as the comparison control group. Both serum and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and serum, salivary, and urine testosterone levels were determined in all men. A complete semen analysis was conducted on each soldier. For statistical analysis, the primary study variables were: sperm concentration, sperm/ejaculate, semen volume, percent normal morphology, percent motile, percent viable (both vital stain and hypoosmotic swelling), curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity, sperm head length, width, area, and perimeter. Variables were adjusted for significant confounders (e.g., abstinence, sample age, race). No statistical differences (P < 0.05) were observed in any measurement. While these results are in agreement with two previous studies assessing soldiers firing the 155-mm howitzer, they contradict our previous report indicating that radar exposure caused a significant decrease in sperm numbers. A possible explanation is that the radar exposure in this study was that used in Signal Corps operations while the men in the previous study were using different radar as part of military intelligence operations. The data presented here in men firing the 155-mm howitzer combined with the results from the previous studies confirms that there are no deficits in semen quality in these men. The contradiction between the results of the radar exposure studies indicates that more data are needed to evaluate the relationship of military radar and male reproductive health. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Schrader, S M AU - Langford, R E AU - Turner, T W AU - Breitenstein, M J AU - Clark, J C AU - Jenkins, B L AU - Lundy, D O AU - Simon, S D AU - Weyandt, T B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 465 EP - 468 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sperm Count KW - Humans KW - Semen -- chemistry KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Reproduction -- radiation effects KW - Military Personnel KW - Radar UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73855384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Reproductive+function+in+relation+to+duty+assignments+among+military+personnel.&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BLangford%2C+R+E%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BBreitenstein%2C+M+J%3BClark%2C+J+C%3BJenkins%2C+B+L%3BLundy%2C+D+O%3BSimon%2C+S+D%3BWeyandt%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of quantitative structure-activity relationship methods for large-scale prediction of chemicals binding to the estrogen receptor. AN - 73855030; 9722424 AB - Three different QSAR methods, Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA), classical QSAR (utilizing the CODESSA program), and Hologram QSAR (HQSAR), are compared in terms of their potential for screening large data sets of chemicals as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). While CoMFA and CODESSA (Comprehensive Descriptors for Structural and Statistical Analysis) have been commercially available for some time, HQSAR is a novel QSAR technique. HQSAR attempts to correlate molecular structure with biological activity for a series of compounds using molecular holograms constructed from counts of sub-structural molecular fragments. In addition to using r2 and q2 (cross-validated r2) in assessing the statistical quality of QSAR models, another statistical parameter was defined to be the ratio of the standard error to the activity range. The statistical quality of the QSAR models constructed using CoMFA and HQSAR techniques were comparable and were generally better than those produced with CODESSA. It is notable that only 2D-connectivity, bond and elemental atom-type information were considered in building HQSAR models. Since HQSAR requires no conformational analysis or structural alignment, it is straightforward to use and lends itself readily to the rapid screening of large numbers of compounds. Among the QSAR methods considered, HQSAR appears to offer many attractive features, such as speed, reproducibility and ease of use, which portend its utility for prioritizing large numbers of potential EDCs for subsequent toxicological testing and risk assessment. JF - Journal of chemical information and computer sciences AU - Tong, W AU - Lowis, D R AU - Perkins, R AU - Chen, Y AU - Welsh, W J AU - Goddette, D W AU - Heritage, T W AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis 63121, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1998 SP - 669 EP - 677 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0095-2338, 0095-2338 KW - Estradiol Congeners KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Estradiol Congeners -- toxicity KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- statistics & numerical data KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Estradiol Congeners -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Structure-Activity Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73855030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+information+and+computer+sciences&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+quantitative+structure-activity+relationship+methods+for+large-scale+prediction+of+chemicals+binding+to+the+estrogen+receptor.&rft.au=Tong%2C+W%3BLowis%2C+D+R%3BPerkins%2C+R%3BChen%2C+Y%3BWelsh%2C+W+J%3BGoddette%2C+D+W%3BHeritage%2C+T+W%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chemical+information+and+computer+sciences&rft.issn=00952338&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the hemizygous transgenic Tg.AC mouse for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals. II. A genotypic marker that predicts tumorigenic responsiveness. AN - 73847441; 9715514 AB - The Tg.AC transgenic mouse skin paint assay is one of the short-term carcinogenesis models that has been proposed as a replacement for 1 species in the conventional 2-yr bioassay required for safety testing of pharmaceuticals. In our initial efforts to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this model for human pharmaceuticals, 61% of the hemizygous Tg.AC mice in the positive control groups were refractory to treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Tg.AC mice are reported to carry < or = 10 copies of a transgene consisting of a zeta-globin promoter fused to the v-Ha-ras structural gene with a terminal simian virus 40 (SV40) polyadenylation signal. Southern blot hybridization of genomic DNA from 66 tail biopsies using a zeta-globin probe revealed that all of the hemizygous. Tg.AC mice screened contained approximately 40 copies of the transgene and that mice unresponsive to TPA had lost a 2-kb BamHI fragment containing zeta-globin promoter sequence. By systematic screening of Tg.AC breeder mice for this diagnostic marker of phenotypic responsiveness, it should be possible to selectively enrich the Tg.AC mouse colony to consist exclusively of responders and to guard against further genetic instability. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Thompson, K L AU - Rosenzweig, B A AU - Sistare, F D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 548 EP - 555 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Genetic Markers KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Papilloma -- pathology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Weight Gain -- physiology KW - Genotype KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Administration, Topical KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- genetics KW - Mice, Transgenic -- physiology KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Mice, Transgenic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73847441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+hemizygous+transgenic+Tg.AC+mouse+for+carcinogenicity+testing+of+pharmaceuticals.+II.+A+genotypic+marker+that+predicts+tumorigenic+responsiveness.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+K+L%3BRosenzweig%2C+B+A%3BSistare%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for pregnancy as a tool for investigation of developmental mechanisms. AN - 70034503; 9805196 AB - There is no known mechanism of teratogenesis! Although receptor occupancy has been implicated, associated and/or deemed necessary for some malformations in newborns (e.g. estrogen receptors, retinoic acid receptors), the upstream and downstream events from receptor occupancy that definitively tie a xenobiotic exposure with a resultant malformation are essentially unknown. One part of the puzzle that can be delineated is the xenobiotic target-tissue exposure curve. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are designed to provide time-course exposure curves for organs, tissues and fluids of human or animal systems. In this context pregnancy requires special considerations in that the PBPK model must represent the dynamic growth of both the maternal and embryo/fetal systems. JF - Computers in biology and medicine AU - Young, J F AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. jyoung@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 359 EP - 364 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0010-4825, 0010-4825 KW - Receptors, Drug KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Rodentia KW - Time Factors KW - Receptors, Drug -- physiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Computer Simulation KW - Teratogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- physiology KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70034503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+biology+and+medicine&rft.atitle=Physiologically-based+pharmacokinetic+model+for+pregnancy+as+a+tool+for+investigation+of+developmental+mechanisms.&rft.au=Young%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+in+biology+and+medicine&rft.issn=00104825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MedWatch program. AN - 69084860; 9855977 JF - International journal of trauma nursing AU - White, G G AD - MedWatch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 100 EP - 103 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1075-4210, 1075-4210 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Equipment Safety KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration KW - Equipment Failure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69084860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+trauma+nursing&rft.atitle=MedWatch+program.&rft.au=White%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+trauma+nursing&rft.issn=10754210&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Annual medical examiner data, 1996: Drug Abuse Warning Network T2 - Drug abuse warning network ser.: D-4 DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 98-3228 AN - 59985060; 1999-1108960 AB - Analyzes data on drug-induced death (overdoses) and drug-related death; includes data according to metropolitan area and trends, 1993-96; US. By sex, race/ethnicity, age, drug, manner of death, cause of death, and route of drug administration. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, July 1998. xvi+93 pp. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 EP - xvi+93 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Drug abuse -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mortality -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Demographics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59985060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xvi%2B93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Annual+medical+examiner+data%2C+1996%3A+Drug+Abuse+Warning+Network&rft.title=Annual+medical+examiner+data%2C+1996%3A+Drug+Abuse+Warning+Network&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary assessment of particle flow code as a tool to assess ore pass safety AN - 52588634; 1998-044168 JF - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts AU - Larson, M K AU - Iverson, S R AU - Stewart, B M AU - Walker, K A2 - Orozco, Jorge A2 - Schmitter, Juan Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 533 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 35 IS - 4-5 SN - 0148-9062, 0148-9062 KW - computer programs KW - attenuation KW - monitoring KW - stiffness KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - elastic constants KW - simulation KW - Young's modulus KW - rock mechanics KW - least-squares analysis KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52588634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Preliminary+assessment+of+particle+flow+code+as+a+tool+to+assess+ore+pass+safety&rft.au=Larson%2C+M+K%3BIverson%2C+S+R%3BStewart%2C+B+M%3BWalker%2C+K&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.issn=01489062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - NARMS '98; 3rd North American rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - attenuation; computer programs; data processing; elastic constants; least-squares analysis; monitoring; rock mechanics; simulation; statistical analysis; stiffness; Young's modulus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Coal Slag for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material AN - 17109724; 4411468 AB - Samples of aerosolized coal slag were collected during an abrasive blasting operation to determine the concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the respirable and nonrespirable fractions. Each slag fraction was analyzed using alpha and gamma spectrometry. Since the slag is insoluble, it was necessary to dissolve samples completely by fusion with potassium fluoride and, after additional transposing and separation, mount the precipitate containing radium (Ra), the main radioactive component in NORM, on a membrane filter for alpha counting. The concentration of super(226)Ra in coal slag was independent of the particle size fraction and equal to 2.28 picocuries/gram (pCi/g) plus or minus 0.43 pCi/g, which is approximately twice the typical concentration of NORM in uncontaminated soil. Analysis of NORM by gamma spectrometry identified low concentrations of uranium, thorium, and potassium, all primordial radioactive materials that are commonly encountered in normal background soil. Integral exposure to workers from inhalation of NORM during abrasive blasting with coal slag is extremely low and could be essentially eliminated by use of appropriate respiratory protection. External radiation exposure to workers handling large quantities of NORM-contaminated coal stag during shipping or storage is also low, but would vary depending on the concentration of NORM in the slag. JF - Industrial hygiene journal AU - Spitz, H B AU - Rajaretnam, G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories (R-44), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 471 EP - 477 VL - 59 IS - 7 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - slag KW - Radioactive materials KW - Potassium KW - Inhalation KW - Materials handling KW - Coal KW - Uranium KW - Occupational exposure KW - Thorium KW - Radium KW - Spectrometry KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17109724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+hygiene+journal&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Coal+Slag+for+Naturally+Occurring+Radioactive+Material&rft.au=Spitz%2C+H+B%3BRajaretnam%2C+G&rft.aulast=Spitz&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+hygiene+journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spectrometry; Radium; slag; Radioactive materials; Thorium; Coal; Potassium; Occupational exposure; Uranium; Inhalation; Materials handling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonspecific early protective immunity in Francisella and Listeria infections can be dependent on lymphocytes AN - 17106300; 4401452 AB - Normal mice, but not lymphocyte-deficient or B-cell-deficient mice, given a sublethal infection of Francisella tularensis LVS survive a secondary lethal challenge of more than 10,000 50% lethal doses given 3 days later. In this work, we show that similar early protection that is also strongly lymphocyte dependent operates in Listeria monocytogenes infection. Since sublethal infection with either LVS or L. monocytogenes protects against heterologous lethal challenge, this early protection is nonspecific. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Elkins, K L AU - Macintyre, A T AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 3467 EP - 3469 VL - 66 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Listeria KW - lethal dose KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Listeriosis KW - Immunodeficiency KW - Lymphocytes KW - Immunity KW - Tularemia KW - Lymphocytes T KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17106300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Nonspecific+early+protective+immunity+in+Francisella+and+Listeria+infections+can+be+dependent+on+lymphocytes&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BMacintyre%2C+A+T%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Listeria monocytogenes; Tularemia; Immunity; Immunodeficiency; Lymphocytes; Listeriosis; Lymphocytes T; Lymphocytes B ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vector Competence of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) for Three Genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 16547628; 4386204 AB - The vector competence of 2 tick species, Ixodes ricinus (L.) and Ixodes scapularis Say, was determined and compared for 3 genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi. The 3 genospecies of B. burgdorferi used in the following experiments were Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (B-31 and B-31.D1 clone), Borrelia afzelii (strain Pgau.C3), and Borrelia garinii (strain VS286 and VSBP). Spirochetes from all 5 strains were inoculated intradermally into outbred mice; larval ticks of both species were subsequently fed on those mice and replete larvae were assayed for infection by culture in BSK-H media every 7 d for 4 wk. Infection frequencies in I. scapularis exposed to the 5 strains were as follows: B-31 (90%), B-31.D1 (83%), Pgau.C3 (87%), VS286 (10%), and VSBP (5%). The comparable infection frequencies for I. ricinus were B-31 (3%), B-31.D1 (3%), Pgau.C3 (90%), VS286 (5%), and VSBP (3%). Resultant nymphal I. scapularis successfully transmitted B-31, B-31.D1, Pgau.C3, and VS286 to outbred mice. I. ricinus nymphs transmitted Pgau.C3 and VS286. Both species failed to transmit strain VSBP. JF - Journal of Medical Entomology AU - Dolan, M C AU - Piesman, J AU - Mbow, M L AU - Maupin, GO AU - Peter, O AU - Brossard, M AU - Golde, W T AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 465 EP - 470 VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Acari KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodidae KW - Vectors KW - Genotypes KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Disease transmission KW - Ixodes ricinus KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.atitle=Vector+Competence+of+Ixodes+scapularis+and+Ixodes+ricinus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+for+Three+Genospecies+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Dolan%2C+M+C%3BPiesman%2C+J%3BMbow%2C+M+L%3BMaupin%2C+GO%3BPeter%2C+O%3BBrossard%2C+M%3BGolde%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes ricinus; Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; Lyme disease; Disease transmission; Genotypes; Vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality studies of metalworking fluid exposure in the automobile industry: VI. A case-control study of esophageal cancer AN - 16425564; 4329288 AB - Results are reported from a nested case-control study of 60 esophageal cancer deaths among 46,384 automobile manufacturing workers potentially exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF) in machining and grinding operations. By using incidence-density sampling, controls were selected with a sampling ratio of 20.1 from among co-workers who remained at risk by the age of death of the case, matched on race, gender, plant, and year of birth. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk associated with cumulative exposure (mg/m super(3)-years) to each of three types of metalworking fluid (straight, soluble, and synthetic MWF), as well as with years of exposure to selected components of MWF, including nitrosamines, sulfur, biocides, and several metals. Esophageal cancer was found to be significantly associated with exposure to both soluble and synthetic MWF in grinding operations. The odds ratios (ORs) for grinding with soluble MWF were elevated at 2.5 or greater in all categories of cumulative exposure, although the exposure-response trend was statistically significant only when exposure was measured as duration. Those with 12 or more years exposure to soluble MWF in grinding operations experienced a 9.3-fold relative risk of esophageal cancer mortality (95% CI = 2.1-42.1). The OR for ever grinding with synthetic MWF was 4.1 (95% CI = 1.1-15.0). Elevated risk was also associated with two agents found in both synthetic and soluble fluids, nitrosamines, and biocides. For exposure to nitrosamines, the OR was 5.4 (95% CI = 1.5-19.9); for biocides the OR was 3.8 (95% CI = 0.8-18.9). However, because the same workers were exposed to grinding with synthetics, nitrosamines and biocides, it was not possible to separate the specific risks associated with these components. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sullivan, P A AU - Eisen, E A AU - Woskie AU - Kriebel, D AU - Wegman, D H AU - Hallock, M F AU - Hammond, S K AU - Tolbert, P E AU - Smith, T J AU - Monson, R R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pcs5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 36 EP - 48 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - esophagus KW - metal-working fluids KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+studies+of+metalworking+fluid+exposure+in+the+automobile+industry%3A+VI.+A+case-control+study+of+esophageal+cancer&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+P+A%3BEisen%2C+E+A%3BWoskie%3BKriebel%2C+D%3BWegman%2C+D+H%3BHallock%2C+M+F%3BHammond%2C+S+K%3BTolbert%2C+P+E%3BSmith%2C+T+J%3BMonson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of fiber length on glass microfiber cytotoxicity. AN - 79950584; 9638898 AB - Fiber length has been implicated as a determinant of fiber toxicity. Fibers of narrowly defined length can be generated by dielectrophoretic classifiers. Since the quantities of fibers produced are very small, we developed a rat alveolar macrophage microculture system to study the toxicity of these samples. The objective of this study was to examine the role of fiber length on the cytotoxicity of Manville code 100 (JM-100) fibers. Rat alveolar macrophages were cultured with 0-500 microg/ml of 5 lengths of JM-100 fibers on 96-well plates. After 18 h, well supernatants were removed and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to assess cell damage. Chemiluminescence (CL), an assessment of macrophage function, was measured by adding lucigenin with or without zymosan, a particulate stimulus, to appropriate wells. For each fiber length the effects were concentration dependent: CL declined and LDH rose with increasing fiber concentration. Comparing the effects of different lengths showed the greatest toxicity from a relatively long fiber sample (mean length = 17 microm). Microscopic examination of the interaction of fibers with macrophages revealed multiple macrophages attached along the length of the long fibers. This suggests that frustrated, or incomplete, phagocytosis may be a factor in the increased toxicity of longer fibers. Overall the results demonstrate that length is an important determinant of toxicity for JM-100 fibers. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Blake, T AU - Castranova, V AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Baron, P AU - Deye, G J AU - Li, C AU - Jones, W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1998/06/26/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 26 SP - 243 EP - 259 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Acridines KW - 0 KW - fiberglass KW - 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium KW - 2315-97-1 KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Cell Death KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Male KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Glass -- chemistry KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- enzymology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79950584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effect+of+fiber+length+on+glass+microfiber+cytotoxicity.&rft.au=Blake%2C+T%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BBaron%2C+P%3BDeye%2C+G+J%3BLi%2C+C%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-06-26&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the chronic toxicity of piroxantrone, losoxantrone and doxorubicin in spontaneously hypertensive rats AN - 16501859; 4387954 AB - Comparisons were made of the toxic effects produced in the heart, kidney and small intestine of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by the administration of 12 consecutive weekly doses of doxorubicin (1 mg/kg), and high, intermediate and low doses of piroxantrone (3, 1.5 and 0.75 mg/kg) and losoxantrone (1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg). Animals receiving saline were used as controls. The toxicities of the three drugs were evaluated by clinical chemistry and hematological determinations, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The severity of the histologic alterations in heart, kidney and small intestine was assessed semiquantitatively. Biochemical and molecular modeling studies were made to evaluate the formation of complexes of Fe(III) with piroxantrone and losoxantrone. The cardiac (myofibrillar loss and dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) and renal (glomerular vacuolization, tubular damage and laboratory evidence of a nephrotic syndrome) lesions induced by all three agents had similar features. However, the cardiac lesions induced by losoxantrone and doxorubicin were significantly more severe (Billingham scores) than those produced by piroxantrone. The renal lesions induced by piroxantrone and losoxantrone were less severe than those produced by doxorubicin. Similarly losoxantrone and piroxantrone-induced intestinal alterations (denudation of epithelial layer and inflammatory cellular infiltration) were less severe than those occurring after treatment with doxorubicin. Both losoxantrone and piroxantrone were shown to form Fe(III): drug complexes that may cause oxidative damage to various tissues. JF - Toxicology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Hasinoff, B B AU - Tran, K T AU - Chadwick, D P AU - Clark, JR Jr AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Food and Drug Administration (HFD-910), 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998/06/26/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 26 SP - 35 EP - 52 VL - 128 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - losoxantrone KW - piroxantrone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16501859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+chronic+toxicity+of+piroxantrone%2C+losoxantrone+and+doxorubicin+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+Jun%3BHasinoff%2C+B+B%3BTran%2C+K+T%3BChadwick%2C+D+P%3BClark%2C+JR+Jr%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-06-26&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antigenotoxicity of galangin against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AN - 80040199; 9675294 AB - Using the Ames bacterial mutagenicity test and an in vivo micronucleus test, we investigated the antigenotoxic effect of galangin against the genotoxicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). In the Ames assay, galangin showed an antimutagenic effect towards MNU-induced mutagenicity of Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. In mice, galangin showed an anticlastogenic effect against MNU-induced micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in the MNPCE in mouse bone marrow cells. On the other hand, galangin is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic in both assays. Results from our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that galangin is capable of suppressing the mutagenicity and clastogenicity of MNU. Therefore, galangin may be a useful chemopreventive agent against potential long-term health effects from genotoxic environmental agents. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - Sohn, S J AU - Huh, I H AU - Au, W W AU - Heo, M Y AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-Ku, Seoul 122-020, South Korea. Y1 - 1998/06/18/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 18 SP - 231 EP - 236 VL - 402 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Mutagens KW - galangin KW - 142FWE6ECS KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Biotransformation KW - Mice KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Male KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80040199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Antigenotoxicity+of+galangin+against+N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.&rft.au=Sohn%2C+S+J%3BHuh%2C+I+H%3BAu%2C+W+W%3BHeo%2C+M+Y&rft.aulast=Sohn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-18&rft.volume=402&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in food by Western immunoblotting AN - 16553692; 4394687 AB - Western blotting has the potential to overcome some of the major problems associated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of toxins in food, such as cross-reactivity with unrelated antigens and insensitivity with heat-treated foods, because the Western procedure solubilizes denatured protein and allows characterization of the antigen that reacts with the antibody. A simple Western immunoblotting protocol was developed to identify and measure the level of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) in food. Test samples are merely homogenized with no additional solubilization or pretreatment steps. The immunoblots detect SEA at levels as low as 100 pg/ml. Using the simplified sample preparation, both native and heat-denatured SEA were identified in a variety of foods including mushrooms, milk, potato salad and meat products. Our data suggest that SEA is being secreted at mid-log growth in BHI media as well as in mushrooms. These results suggest that Western blotting is a useful tool for determining the presence of SEA in foods because it allows characterization of the antigen reacting with the antibody and can be used for heat-treated foods, thus overcoming some of the limitations of the ELISA test. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Rasooly, A AU - Rasooly, R S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA, Axr@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/06/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 16 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Western blotting KW - enterotoxin A KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunoblotting KW - Food contamination KW - Toxins KW - Immunoassays KW - Sampling methods KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16553692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+analysis+of+staphylococcal+enterotoxin+A+in+food+by+Western+immunoblotting&rft.au=Rasooly%2C+A%3BRasooly%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rasooly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-06-16&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Food contamination; Toxins; Immunoassays; Sampling methods; Immunoblotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of chloral hydrate in mice and rats after single and multiple doses. AN - 79968117; 9643873 AB - Chloral hydrate is a hepatocarcinogen in mice but not rats. To examine this species-related difference, male and female B6C3F1 mice and Fischer (F344) rats were treated by gavage with 1 or 12 doses of chloral hydrate, and concentrations of the drug and its metabolites were determined in plasma at 0.25, 7, 3, 6, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, and 16 d after the last treatment. Maximum levels of chloral hydrate were observed at the initial sampling time of 0.25 h. By 1 h, levels dropped substantially, and by 3 h, chloral hydrate could not be detected. Trichloroacetic acid was the major metabolite found in the plasma, with peak levels being observed 1-6 h after dosing. The concentrations then slowly decreased such that by 2 d this metabolite could no longer be detected. Trichloroethanol was assayed as both the free alcohol and its glucuronide. Maximum levels of trichoroethanol occurred at 0.25 h, and by 1-3 h approached the limits of detection. A pharmacokinetic model was constructed to describe the metabolic data. The plasma half-life values of chloral hydrate were similar in both species. In mice, the rate of elimination of trichloroacetic acid was significantly increased after multiple doses; this difference was not observed with rats. The half-life of trichloroethanol and its glucuronide was significantly greater in rats as compared to mice. None of the metabolic parameters appears to account for the hepatocarcinogenicity of chloral hydrate seen in mice but not rats. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Beland, F A AU - Schmitt, T C AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Young, J F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/06/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 12 SP - 209 EP - 226 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Half-Life KW - Area Under Curve KW - Biotransformation KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- administration & dosage KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chloral Hydrate -- administration & dosage KW - Chloral Hydrate -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79968117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+chloral+hydrate+in+mice+and+rats+after+single+and+multiple+doses.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BSchmitt%2C+T+C%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-06-12&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of in vivo mutagenesis in the endogenous Hprt gene and the lacI transgene of Big Blue(R) rats treated with 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AN - 79968880; 9639698 AB - The lacI transgene of Big Blue(R) (BB) rats was evaluated as a reporter of in vivo mutation by comparing mutant frequencies (MFs) in it and in the endogenous Hprt gene. Seven-week old female BB rats were given single doses of 0, 20, 75 and 130 mg/kg of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) by gavage, and Hprt and lacI MFs in splenic lymphocytes were measured over a period of 18 weeks. The Hprt MFs in treated rats increased for 10 weeks and then declined; 130 mg/kg of DMBA produced a maximum Hprt MF of 168+/-11.4x10-6 clonable lymphocytes, while the MF in control rats was 7.4+/-1. 5x10-6. DMBA exposure of generic F344 rats resulted in a similar time-course of mutant induction but produced about 50% higher Hprt MFs with the 75 and 130 mg/kg doses. In contrast, the lacI MFs increased for 6 weeks and then remained relatively constant; 130 mg/kg of DMBA produced a maximum increase in lacI MF of 341+/-83x10-6 PFU compared with 25+/-5x10-6 PFU in control rats. The Hprt mutant frequencies in DMBA-treated BB and F344 rats were significantly increased over control values for every dose-time combination examined, while only the 130 mg/kg dose consistently produced lacI MFs that were significantly above the controls. In addition, the fold-increase in MF for treated vs. control rats was two times higher for the Hprt gene than the lacI gene due to the higher MFs in the lacI gene of control rats. Differences between the lacI and Hprt genes in the kinetics of mutant induction, in the frequency of induced mutants, and in the sensitivity of mutant detection could be explained at least partially by the properties of these two genes. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Shelton, S D AU - Aidoo, A AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mmanjanatha@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/06/05/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 05 SP - 165 EP - 178 VL - 401 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Repressor Proteins KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clone Cells KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spleen KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Kinetics KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Time Factors KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Repressor Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79968880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+in+vivo+mutagenesis+in+the+endogenous+Hprt+gene+and+the+lacI+transgene+of+Big+Blue%28R%29+rats+treated+with+7%2C+12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene.&rft.au=Manjanatha%2C+M+G%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Manjanatha&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-05&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ELPAT Program report: background and current status (November 1997). Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) Program. AN - 80011327; 9670472 JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Esche, C A AU - Groff, J H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 430 EP - 434 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- standards KW - Societies, Medical KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Medicine KW - Paint -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Total Quality Management KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80011327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=ELPAT+Program+report%3A+background+and+current+status+%28November+1997%29.+Environmental+Lead+Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+%28ELPAT%29+Program.&rft.au=Esche%2C+C+A%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Esche&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of acriflavine and proflavine in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). AN - 80008102; 9667083 AB - 1. The disposition of proflavine (PRO) and acriflavine (ACR) were examined in channel catfish after intravascular (i.v.) dosing (1 mg/kg) or waterborne exposure (10 mg/l for 4 h). 2. After i.v. dosing, plasma concentration-time profiles of parent PRO and ACR were best described by two- and three-compartment pharmacokinetic models respectively. Terminal elimination half-lives of PRO and ACR in plasma were 8.7 and 11.4 h respectively. 3. In animals dosed with 14C-PRO or 14C-ACR, total drug equivalent concentrations were highest in the excretory organs and lowest in muscle, fat and plasma. In PRO-dosed animals, residues in the liver and trunk kidney were composed primarily of glucuronosyl and acetyl conjugates of PRO; residues in muscle were composed mostly (> 95%) of the parent drug. In ACR-dosed animals, the parent compound comprised > 90% of the total residues in all tissues examined. 4. PRO and ACR were poorly absorbed in catfish during waterborne exposure. At the end of a 4-h exposure, parent PRO and ACR concentrations in muscle were 0.064 and 0.020 microgram/g respectively. Levels in muscle declined below the limit of determination (0.005 microgram/g) within 1-2 weeks. JF - Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems AU - Plakas, S M AU - el Said, K R AU - Bencsath, F A AU - Musser, S M AU - Hayton, W L AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 605 EP - 616 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Acriflavine KW - 1T3A50395T KW - Proflavine KW - CY3RNB3K4T KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Ictaluridae KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Half-Life KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Acriflavine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Proflavine -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80008102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics%2C+tissue+distribution+and+metabolism+of+acriflavine+and+proflavine+in+the+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3Bel+Said%2C+K+R%3BBencsath%2C+F+A%3BMusser%2C+S+M%3BHayton%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Drosophila Polycomb group gene pleiohomeotic encodes a DNA binding protein with homology to the transcription factor YY1. AN - 79980999; 9651589 AB - Genes of the Polycomb group (PcG) of Drosophila encode proteins necessary for the maintenance of transcriptional repression of homeotic genes. PcG proteins are thought to act by binding as multiprotein complexes to DNA through Polycomb group response elements (PREs); however, specific DNA binding has not been demonstrated for any of the PcG proteins. We have identified a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that interacts with a PRE from the Drosophila engrailed gene. This protein (PHO) is a homolog of the ubiquitous mammalian transcription factor Yin Yang-1 and is encoded by pleiohomeotic, a known member of the PcG. We propose that PHO acts to anchor PcG protein complexes to DNA. JF - Molecular cell AU - Brown, J L AU - Mucci, D AU - Whiteley, M AU - Dirksen, M L AU - Kassis, J A AD - Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 1057 EP - 1064 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1097-2765, 1097-2765 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Drosophila Proteins KW - Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors KW - Insect Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Polycomb protein, Drosophila KW - Polycomb-Group Proteins KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - YY1 Transcription Factor KW - pho protein, Drosophila KW - Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 KW - EC 2.3.2.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Nuclear Proteins -- genetics KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Conserved Sequence -- genetics KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Zinc Fingers -- genetics KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Eye Color -- physiology KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Eye Color -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Repressor Proteins -- physiology KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Insect Proteins -- genetics KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- chemistry KW - Genes, Insect -- genetics KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- genetics KW - Insect Proteins -- physiology KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79980999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+cell&rft.atitle=The+Drosophila+Polycomb+group+gene+pleiohomeotic+encodes+a+DNA+binding+protein+with+homology+to+the+transcription+factor+YY1.&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+L%3BMucci%2C+D%3BWhiteley%2C+M%3BDirksen%2C+M+L%3BKassis%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+cell&rft.issn=10972765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF034212; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Mol Cell. 1998 Jun;1(7):1065-6 [9651590] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-year review of hepatitis A vaccine safety: data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). AN - 79958886; 9636890 JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Niu, M T AU - Salive, M AU - Krueger, C AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 1475 EP - 1476 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Viral Hepatitis Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Hepatitis A Virus, Human KW - Viral Hepatitis Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Hepatitis A -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79958886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Two-year+review+of+hepatitis+A+vaccine+safety%3A+data+from+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29.&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BSalive%2C+M%3BKrueger%2C+C%3BEllenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Entry of amphotropic murine leukemia virus is influenced by residues in the putative second extracellular domain of its receptor, Pit2. AN - 79868162; 9573264 AB - Human cells express distinct but related receptors for the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) and the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV), termed Pit1 and Pit2, respectively. Pit1 is not able to function as a receptor for A-MuLV infection, while Pit2 does not confer susceptibility to GALV. Previous studies of chimeric receptors constructed by interchanging regions of Pit1 and Pit2 failed to clarify the determinants unique to Pit2 which correlate with A-MuLV receptor function. In order to identify which regions of Pit2 are involved in A-MuLV receptor function, we exchanged the putative second and third extracellular domains of Pit1, either individually or together, with the corresponding regions of Pit2. Our functional characterization of these receptors indicates a role for the putative second extracellular domain (domain II) in A-MuLV infection. We further investigated the influence of domain II with respect to A-MuLV receptor function by performing site-specific mutagenesis within this region of Pit2. Many of the mutations had little or no effect on receptor function. However, the substitution of serine for methionine at position 138 (S138M) in a Pit1 chimera containing domain II of Pit2 resulted in a 1,000-fold reduction in A-MuLV receptor function. Additional mutations made within domain II of the nonfunctional S138M mutant restored receptor function to nearly wild-type efficiency. The high degree of tolerance for mutations as well as the compensatory effect of particular substitutions observed within domain II suggests that an element of secondary structure within this region plays a critical role in the interaction of the receptor with A-MuLV. JF - Journal of virology AU - Leverett, B D AU - Farrell, K B AU - Eiden, M V AU - Wilson, C A AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 4956 EP - 4961 VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Receptors, Virus KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mutation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- physiology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Protein Conformation KW - Cricetinae KW - Leukemia Virus, Murine -- physiology KW - Receptors, Virus -- physiology KW - Virus Replication -- physiology KW - Receptors, Virus -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79868162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Entry+of+amphotropic+murine+leukemia+virus+is+influenced+by+residues+in+the+putative+second+extracellular+domain+of+its+receptor%2C+Pit2.&rft.au=Leverett%2C+B+D%3BFarrell%2C+K+B%3BEiden%2C+M+V%3BWilson%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Leverett&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1991 May;65(5):2220-4 [1850008] J Virol. 1997 Dec;71(12):9383-91 [9371598] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2091-6 [8445722] Virology. 1993 Jul;195(1):1-5 [8391178] J Virol. 1993 Nov;67(11):6737-41 [8411376] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):1168-72 [8302848] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 19;91(15):7071-5 [8041748] J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 14;269(41):25426-31 [7929240] J Virol. 1994 Dec;68(12):7697-703 [7966559] J Virol. 1994 Dec;68(12):8270-6 [7966619] J Virol. 1995 Apr;69(4):2401-5 [7884886] J Virol. 1996 Feb;70(2):1080-5 [8551566] J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):7510-6 [8892869] Cell. 1996 Nov 1;87(3):437-46 [8898197] Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1924-6 [8943208] Biochemistry. 1974 Jan 15;13(2):222-45 [4358940] Virology. 1982 Jul 15;120(1):251-7 [6285602] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7351-67 [3045756] Cell. 1989 May 19;57(4):659-66 [2541919] Biotechniques. 1989 Oct;7(9):980-2, 984-6, 989-90 [2631796] Cell Growth Differ. 1990 Mar;1(3):119-27 [2078500] J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4531-5 [9151846] J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4564-70 [9151850] J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4663-70 [9151860] J Virol. 1997 Oct;71(10):8078-81 [9311908] J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):5975-82 [1717711] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Building Air Quality. Action Plan. AN - 62460571; ED425620 AB - Building managers and owners often confront competing demands to reduce operating costs and increase revenues that can siphon funds and resources from other building management concerns such as indoor air quality (IAQ). This resource booklet, designed for use with the "Building Air Quality Guide," provides building owners and managers with an 8-step, easy-to-understand path for taking their building from current conditions and practices to the successful institutionalization of good IAQ management practices. These steps cover the following areas: designating an IAQ manager; developing an IAQ profile of the building; addressing existing and potential IAQ problems; educating building personnel about IAQ; developing and implementing a plan for facility operations and maintenance; managing processes with potentially significant pollutant sources; communicating with tenants and occupants about their role in maintaining good IAQ; and establishing procedures for responding to IAQ complaints. Appendices provide the following lists: training resources, resources for air quality information, and addresses and contact information for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Offices. (GR) Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 34 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Publications Dissemination, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1988; Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160496492 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Documentation KW - Indoor Air Pollution KW - Planning KW - Organizational Communication KW - Guidelines KW - Building Operation KW - Data Collection KW - Quality Control KW - Facility Improvement KW - Problem Solving UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62460571?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Designed to be used with EF 005 116. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of seismic tomography to identify geologic hazards in underground mines AN - 52500750; 1999-025555 JF - The Professional Geologist AU - Scott, D F AU - Williams, T J AU - Denton, D K Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 3 EP - 5 PB - American Institute of Professional Geologists, Arvada, CO VL - 35 IS - 7 SN - 0279-0521, 0279-0521 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - mining KW - mines KW - Precambrian KW - geophysical surveys KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - stress KW - Homestake Mine KW - geophysical methods KW - Lead South Dakota KW - seismic methods KW - mining geology KW - surveys KW - South Dakota KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52500750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Professional+Geologist&rft.atitle=Use+of+seismic+tomography+to+identify+geologic+hazards+in+underground+mines&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+F%3BWilliams%2C+T+J%3BDenton%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Professional+Geologist&rft.issn=02790521&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - PFGLBS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geologic hazards; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Homestake Mine; Lead South Dakota; mines; mining; mining geology; pillars; Precambrian; roof control; seismic methods; South Dakota; stress; surveys; tomography; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, and biomarkers in the investigation of occupational lung cancer AN - 17580274; 4659080 AB - The pathology and molecular biology of lung cancer demonstrate that these tumors evolve through a series of mutations, molecular changes, and corresponding morphologic changes. To elucidate how occupational and environmental factors influence lung cancer histogenesis it is important not only to understand epidemiology and the interactions between etiologic agents but also to integrate information from pathology, biochemistry and molecular biology. This review focuses on the range of techniques currently available for characterizing lung cancer and how their prudent use can be beneficial in the identification of occupational carcinogens. Because many occupational and environmental lung cancers are caused by multiple etiologic agents, the integration of histology with cellular, biochemical and molecular biomarker techniques may provide new approaches for understanding the disease process. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Green, F AU - Ducatman, B AU - Schulte, P AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, HELD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 91 EP - 116 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - man KW - pathology KW - epidemiology KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cancer KW - occupational diseases KW - Lung KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.atitle=Roles+of+epidemiology%2C+pathology%2C+molecular+biology%2C+and+biomarkers+in+the+investigation+of+occupational+lung+cancer&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BGreen%2C+F%3BDucatman%2C+B%3BSchulte%2C+P&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lung cancer; Reviews; Carcinogenesis; occupational diseases; Cancer; Lung; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic dust exposures from work in dairy barns AN - 17101858; 4403706 AB - Environmental surveys were conducted in 85 barns, predominantly dairy, in central Wisconsin to characterize exposures to organic dusts and dust constituents from routine barn work. Environmental analytes included airborne dusts (total, inhalable inlet, and respirable), particle size distributions, endotoxins, total spore and bacteria counts, viable bacteria and fungi, histamine, cow urine antigen, mite antigen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of airborne dusts include area total, 0.74 mg/m super(3); personal inhalable inlet, 1.78 mg/m super(3); and area respirable, 0.07 mg/m super(3). Viable bacteria and fungi, spores, endotoxins, histamine, cow urine antigen, and mite antigen were quantifiable constituents of these organic dusts and potential respiratory exposure hazards from routine dairy barn work. Endotoxin concentrations from the inhalable inlet samples ranged from 25.4 endotoxin units per cubic meter of air (EU/m super(3)) to 34,800 EU/m super(3). The GM endotoxin concentration from these samples, 647 EU/m super(3), exceeds estimated threshold exposure levels for respiratory health effects. Ammonia was a common irritant quantified in most dairy barns. There were significant correlations between the concentrations of organic dusts and certain dust constituents, although in most instances these correlations were not strong. These sampling results demonstrate the complex nature of organic dusts and provide quantitative description of the exposures to toxic and immunogenic dust constituents during routine barn work. JF - Industrial hygiene journal AU - Kullman, G J AU - Thorne, P S AU - Waldron, P F AU - Marx, J J AU - Ault, B AU - Lewis, D M AU - Siegel, P D AU - Olenchock, SA AU - Merchant, JA AD - Clinical Investigations Branch, Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, NIOSH - ALOSH - CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 403 EP - 413 VL - 59 IS - 6 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - airborne microorganisms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Agriculture KW - Endotoxins KW - Dust KW - Air sampling KW - Occupational exposure KW - Particle size KW - Organic matter KW - Dairies KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+hygiene+journal&rft.atitle=Organic+dust+exposures+from+work+in+dairy+barns&rft.au=Kullman%2C+G+J%3BThorne%2C+P+S%3BWaldron%2C+P+F%3BMarx%2C+J+J%3BAult%2C+B%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BOlenchock%2C+SA%3BMerchant%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Kullman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+hygiene+journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Organic matter; Dust; Agriculture; Particle size; Dairies; Occupational exposure; Air sampling; Inhalation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of methyl-hydroxylated derivatives of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by human liver dehydroepiandrosterone-steroid sulfotransferase AN - 16558700; 4396831 AB - Methyl-hydroxylated metabolites of the potent carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), namely, 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-OH-DMBA), 7-methyl-12-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (12-OH-DMBA) and 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-diOH-DMBA), were examined as substrates for sulfotransferase bioactivation in different human tissue cytosols. Hepatic cytosols, which were able to catalyze the 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent DNA binding of 7-OH-DMBA, 12-OH-DMBA and 7,12-diOH-DMBA, were highly sensitive to inhibition by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a specific substrate for human DHEA-steroid sulfotransferase (IC sub(50) = 5 mu M). By comparison, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, a potent inhibitor of the thermostable (TS)-phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases, did not have an appreciable inhibitory effect. Neither p-nitrophenol, a high affinity substrate for human TS-phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases, nor dopamine, a specific substrate for the thermolabile (TL)-phenol sulfotransferase, significantly inhibited the DNA binding of 12-OH-DMBA catalyzed by hepatic cytosols. Inter-subject variation (n = 12) of the PAPS-dependent DNA binding of 12-OH- and 7,12-diOH-DMBAs also correlated well with DHEA-sulfotransferase activity (r = 0.90; P < 0.00001 and r = 0.92; P < 0.00001, respectively). This sulfation-dependent metabolic activation was not detected in cytosols from human colon, pancreas, larynx or mammary gland. Both TS- and TL-phenol sulfotransferases were active in human liver and colon but only liver contained DHEA-sulfotransferase activity. These results indicate that the sulfotransferase-mediated activation of the methylhydroxylated DMBAs is predominantly catalyzed by DHEA-steroid sulfotransferase in human liver and that TS- and TL-phenol sulfotransferases and estrogen sulfotransferase are not involved in the catalysis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Chou, H-C AU - Ozawa, S AU - Fu, P P AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1071 EP - 1076 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - dehydroepiandrosterone-steroid sulfotransferase KW - man KW - metabolic activation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Liver KW - Methylation KW - Hydroxylation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+methyl-hydroxylated+derivatives+of+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+by+human+liver+dehydroepiandrosterone-steroid+sulfotransferase&rft.au=Chou%2C+H-C%3BOzawa%2C+S%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=H-C&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Methylation; Hydroxylation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simplification of adult mosquito bioassays through use of time-mortality determinations in glass bottles AN - 16555350; 4382368 AB - A simple method is described for treating 250-ml glass Wheaton bottles with insecticide, and using them as test chambers for detecting insecticide resistance in mosquito and sandfly populations. The methods for treating bottles, obtaining baseline data, and applying this technique to insects from the field are described. Sample data are presented from tests run on different vector species using a variety of insecticides. Time-mortality data from the bottle bioassay are presented alongside results from biochemical detection methods applied to the same mosquito population. The potential role, advantages, and limitations of the time-mortality bottle method are discussed. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Brogdon, W G AU - McAllister, J C AD - Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 159 EP - 164 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Moth flies KW - Sand flies KW - bioassays KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Vectors KW - Culicidae KW - Methodology KW - Pesticide resistance KW - Psychodidae KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Simplification+of+adult+mosquito+bioassays+through+use+of+time-mortality+determinations+in+glass+bottles&rft.au=Brogdon%2C+W+G%3BMcAllister%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Brogdon&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culicidae; Diptera; Psychodidae; Mortality; Pesticide resistance; Vectors; Methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical limitations on Salmonella typhi entry into cultured human intestinal epithelial cells AN - 16478785; 4322918 AB - Kinetic studies of Salmonella typhi invasion of INT407 cells at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) have revealed a strict physical limitation on S. typhi entry at MOIs of greater than or equal to 40. Staining of infected monolayers to distinguish intracellular from extracellular bacteria revealed that all monolayer cells are susceptible to infection and that internalized bacteria are typically contained in one to three separate clusters per cell during the first 60 min. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses of time course-infected monolayers showed that at early times postinfection, bacteria bind to shortened, coalesced microvilli in one to three focal aggregate structures per host cell surface. As reported previously for S. typhimurium, focal aggregates progress to conical membrane ruffles that appear to engulf one or a few centrally contained S. typhi cells by a macropinocytic process, which enhanced the entry of simultaneously added Escherichia coli HB101 about 30-fold. Additionally, kinetic studies showed that at an MOI of approximately equal to 400, maximal S. typhi entry is virtually completed within 30 to 35 min. Monolayers pretreated with S. typhi for 30 min to saturate the entry process were severely reduced in the ability to internalize subsequently added kanamycin-resistant strains of S. typhi or S. typhimurium, but E. coli HB101 (pRI203) expressing the cloned Yersinia inv gene was not reduced in entry. In invasion inhibition assays, anti- beta 1 integrin antibodies markedly reduced E. coli HB101(pRI203) invasion efficiency but did not reduce S. typhi entry. Collectively, these data provide direct physical and visual evidence which indicates that S. typhi organisms are internalized at a limited number (i.e., two to four) of sites on host cells. S. typhi and S. typhimurium likely share INT407 cell entry receptors which do not appear to be members of the beta 1 integrin superfamily. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Huang, Xiao-Zhe AU - Tall, B AU - Schwan, W R AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Laboratory of Enteric and STD's, HFM 440, FDA-CBER, Bldg. 29, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, KOPECKO@A1.CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 2928 EP - 2937 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16478785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Physical+limitations+on+Salmonella+typhi+entry+into+cultured+human+intestinal+epithelial+cells&rft.au=Huang%2C+Xiao-Zhe%3BTall%2C+B%3BSchwan%2C+W+R%3BKopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Xiao-Zhe&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative safety of two recombinant Hepatitis B vaccines in children: Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) AN - 16437935; 4336357 AB - Background: Preliminary review of data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1991-1994, revealed that more serious adverse events were reported in children who received a specific brand of recombinant hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine. Objective: To compare the post-marketing safety experience of the two recombinant HepB vaccines licensed for use in infants and children in the United States. Design: Review of a case series derived from passive surveillance data in the national VAERS. A retrospective cohort study using data from one health maintenance organization participating in Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), a computerized record linkage system. Populations Studied: U.S. children, ages birth-10 years for whom adverse events after HepB vaccine were reported to VAERS, 1991-1994. Children, ages birth-6 years, who received HepB vaccine at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California, 1991-1994. Main Outcome Measures: VAERS reporting rates for each vaccine by manufacturer were calculated from the numbers of reported events occurring within 30 days of HepB vaccination and the number of doses distributed by the manufacturers. VSD event rates for each vaccine were calculated from the numbers of hospitalization or emergency room visits within 30 days of HepB vaccination and the number of vaccine doses administered to the cohort. Results: In VAERS, higher rates of serious events (i.e., life threatening or resulting in hospitalization or permanent disability) were reported in children who received Vaccine A vs. Vaccine B (relative risk [RR]: 3.13-8.18, P 0.05). Conclusions: Our investigation reveals that it is unlikely there is a true difference between rates of serious events temporally associated with the two HepB vaccines in children. This study demonstrates the dual roles played by VAERS and VSD in providing a more complete picture of the post-marketing safety profile of childhood vaccines, and underscores the importance of using other analytic studies to evaluate findings from passive surveillance systems of adverse events. JF - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology AU - Niu, M T AU - Rhodes, P AU - Salive, M AU - Lively, T AU - Davis, D M AU - Black, S AU - Shinefield, H AU - Chen, R T AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - FDA/CBER/OELPS/DBE, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-210, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 503 EP - 510 VL - 51 IS - 6 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - USA KW - hepatitis B KW - side effects KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16437935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+safety+of+two+recombinant+Hepatitis+B+vaccines+in+children%3A+Data+from+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+%28VAERS%29+and+Vaccine+Safety+Datalink+%28VSD%29&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BRhodes%2C+P%3BSalive%2C+M%3BLively%2C+T%3BDavis%2C+D+M%3BBlack%2C+S%3BShinefield%2C+H%3BChen%2C+R+T%3BEllenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model describing performance of rural drinking water systems in Honduras AN - 16434638; 4330995 AB - The following factors may influence the performance of drinking water supply systems in rural areas of low-income countries: community motivation; use of technical and local information in system design; community capacity to maintain a new water supply system; protection of watersheds and access to water system facilities; and ongoing support from organizations outside the community. Field research in rural communities of Honduras provides a basis for investigating how these factors affect rural water system performance. Results from this research also lay a foundation for a conceptual model of water system performance which integrates all of the aforementioned factors. JF - International Journal of Water Resources Development AU - Gelting, R J AU - Ortolano, L AD - Senior Environmental Engineer, Navajo Indian Health Service, Many Farms, AZ, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 199 EP - 215 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0790-0627, 0790-0627 KW - Honduras KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16434638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.atitle=A+model+describing+performance+of+rural+drinking+water+systems+in+Honduras&rft.au=Gelting%2C+R+J%3BOrtolano%2C+L&rft.aulast=Gelting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Water+Resources+Development&rft.issn=07900627&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Av: Special thematic issue: Water management in Brazil. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of risk assessment in public health practice AN - 16395094; 4311847 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is one of eight Public Health Service agencies within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ATSDR was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund. The mission of ATSDR is to prevent exposure and adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources of pollution present in the environment (ATSDR, 1994a). In order to fulfil this mission, ATSDR conducts programs of health assessment, epidemiology, health surveillance, applied research, health education, and toxicologic database development. Risk assessment principles and practices have influenced how ATSDR conducts these programs. This paper describes the influence of risk assessment on agency programs, and ATSDR's departure from some aspects of risk assessment. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - De Rosa, CT AU - Stevens, Y-W AU - Johnson, B L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cydo@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 389 EP - 412 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - USA KW - epidemiology KW - health education KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16395094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Role+of+risk+assessment+in+public+health+practice&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+CT%3BStevens%2C+Y-W%3BJohnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration of electroencephalogram and monoamine concentrations in rat brain following ibogaine treatment. AN - 80015245; 9668684 AB - Ibogaine (IBO) is a psychoactive indole alkaloid that has antiaddictive properties. However, treatment with IBO may lead to neurotoxicity, since IBO and its metabolites interact persistently with many neurotransmitter systems. Here, we recorded cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from rats anesthetized with isoflurane. The heart rate (HR) was monitored via electrocardiogram (EKG) electrodes. After the baseline EEG was recorded, rats received one intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 50 mg/kg IBO. EEG signals were recorded for 2 hr. Rats were then sacrificed and brains dissected into frontal cortex (FC), caudate nucleus (CN), hippocampus (HIP), and brain stem (BS). The level of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and their metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Compared with baseline, a decrease in HR immediately after IBO injection and a decrease in delta, theta, alpha and beta power spectra frequency bands (1-4, 4-8, 8-13, 13-32 Hz) during the first 30 min after IBO administration was observed. EEG recovered within the next 15 min. In CN, the level of DA decreased and DA turnover rate increased significantly. The levels of 5-HT increased in FC. The pattern of EKG AND EEG response to IBO may be due to multiple receptor interactions of IBO. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Z AU - Beaudoin, M A AU - Thorn, B T AU - Prapurna, D R AU - Johnson, J R AU - Fogle, C M AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 265 EP - 273 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - 0 KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Male KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Electroencephalography KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Ibogaine -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80015245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Alteration+of+electroencephalogram+and+monoamine+concentrations+in+rat+brain+following+ibogaine+treatment.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BBeaudoin%2C+M+A%3BThorn%2C+B+T%3BPrapurna%2C+D+R%3BJohnson%2C+J+R%3BFogle%2C+C+M%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of 7-nitroindazole, an NOS inhibitor on methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity in mice. AN - 80015052; 9668670 AB - Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the major drugs of abuse that is postulated to cause neurotoxicity by depleting dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, high-affinity DA uptake sites, and the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the relatively selective, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), protects against METH-induced neurotoxicity. Male Swiss Webster mice received the following injections intraperitoneally (i.p.) 3 times (every 3 hr): (i) vehicle/saline, (ii) 7-NI (25 mg/kg)/saline, (iii) vehicle/METH (5 mg/kg), and (iv) 7-NI (25 mg/kg)/METH (5 mg/kg). On the second day, groups (i) and (iii) received two vehicle injections and groups (ii) and (iv) received two 7-NI injections (25 mg/kg each). The administration of vehicle/METH resulted in 68, 44 and 55% decreases in the concentration of DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA), respectively, and a 48% decrease in the number of [3H]mazindol binding sites in the striatum compared to control values. The treatment with 7-NI (group iv) provided a full protection against the depletion of DA and its metabolites, and the loss of dopamine transporter binding sites. Multiple injection of METH caused a significant decrease in the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). Treatment with 7-NI partially blocked the depletion of 5-HT and completely blocked the reduction in 5-HIAA levels. The administration of 7-NI/saline (group ii) affected neither the tissue concentration of DA, 5-HT and their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA) nor the binding parameters of [3H]-mazindol compared to control (vehicle/saline) values. 7-NI had no significant effect on the animals' body temperature, and it did not affect METH-induced hyperthermia. These findings indicate a role for nitric oxide in METH-induced neurotoxicity and also suggest that blockage of NOS may be beneficial for the management of Parkinson's disease. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ali, S F AU - Itzhak, Y AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 122 EP - 130 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Indazoles KW - Neurotoxins KW - Serotonin Antagonists KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I KW - Nos1 protein, mouse KW - 7-nitroindazole KW - UX0N37CMVH KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Serotonin Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Indazoles -- pharmacology KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80015052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Effects+of+7-nitroindazole%2C+an+NOS+inhibitor+on+methamphetamine-induced+dopaminergic+and+serotonergic+neurotoxicity+in+mice.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BItzhak%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of dexfenfluramine (d-FEN) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) before and after short-course, high-dose treatment. AN - 80013512; 9668676 AB - The acute behavioral effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and dexfenfluramine (d-FEN) were assessed in six rhesus monkeys using performance in the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) Operant Test Battery (OTB); three additional animals served as controls for neurochemical endpoints. The OTB consists of five food-reinforced tasks designed to model aspects of learning, short-term memory and attention, time estimation, motivation, and color and position discrimination. Shortly after the acute effects of each drug were determined, three of the monkeys received a short-course, high-dose exposure (2x /day x 4 days, intramuscular (i.m.) injections) of MDMA (10 mg/kg), while three monkeys were exposed to an identical regimen of d-FEN (5 mg/kg). Approximately one month later, the acute effects of each drug were again determined. In monkeys exposed to high-dose d-FEN, the sensitivities of the OTB tasks to acute disruption by either MDMA or d-FEN were essentially unchanged. Conversely, monkeys treated with high-dose MDMA were less sensitive to the acute behavioral effects of both drugs, although such an effect was seen more frequently for d-FEN and was OTB task specific. Thus a residual behavioral tolerance to the acute behavioral effects of MDMA and d-FEN was noted after high-dose MDMA exposure, but not after high-dose d-FEN exposure. These findings are surprising, as similar neurochemical effects (i.e., significant decreases of ca. 50% in serotonin in frontal cortex and hippocampus) were observed in all monkeys approximately six months after short-course, high-dose MDMA or d-FEN treatment. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Frederick, D L AU - Ali, S F AU - Gillam, M P AU - Gossett, J AU - Slikker, W AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson Arkansas 72079, USA. df50029@GlaxoWellcome.com Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 183 EP - 190 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Fenfluramine KW - 2DS058H2CF KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Fenfluramine -- administration & dosage KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Fenfluramine -- pharmacology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80013512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+dexfenfluramine+%28d-FEN%29+and+methylenedioxymethamphetamine+%28MDMA%29+before+and+after+short-course%2C+high-dose+treatment.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BGossett%2C+J%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research issues related to development of medications for treatment of cocaine addiction. AN - 80012454; 9668666 AB - Draft guidelines for the study of medications for treatment of drug addiction have been developed by the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Anesthetic, Critical Care and Addiction Drug Products. These guidelines are intended to provide a common basis for planning, evaluating and interpreting clinical studies and facilitating development of new and effective drugs for the treatment of dependence. For each class of abusable substances, certain clinical situations stand out as targets for intervention, while others may seem less relevant. The focus of clinical research needs to be tailored to the clinically relevant situations for each drug of abuse. In general, the pharmacotherapies being considered for treatment of abuse and dependence disorders are used to achieve one or more of six major objectives: 1. Reduction in the risk of addiction; 2. Reduction in high-risk behavior; 3. Reduction in morbidity and mortality from addiction; 4. Reduction in drug use and/or induction of abstinence; 5. Relief of symptoms of withdrawal; and 6. Relapse prevention; along with rehabilitation and restoration of functioning. General requirements for outcome measures include measuring drug use, abstinence, withdrawal, and relapse. For all outcomes, both the validity and the meaningfulness must be established. Although considerable neurobiological knowledge relative to cocaine has been acquired, investigation of applicable medications based on these data is still under development. Many studies to date have focused on modifying dopamine function. Because dopamine plays a critical biologic role in motivation, reward and locomotion, modification of its activity may potentially contribute to serious adverse effects. An optional strategy might require the use of several medications that have different mechanisms of action, or several medications targeted at different aspects of the problem (e.g., relapse craving, etc.). The agonist approach is believed to be potentially problematic because of effects on cardiovascular function and temperature regulation. A substitution model (comparable to methadone for heroin dependence) has not been proposed. The antagonist model is hampered by the fact that reinforcing effects are mediated through dopamine, which, if blocked, might produce a sufficient anhedonic state that compliance with the treatment regimen might be unlikely. Unlike opiates and alcohol, the withdrawal syndrome from cocaine and other stimulants is subtle and usually is not seen as requiring medication intervention. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Klein, M AD - Division of Anesthetic, Critical Care and Addiction Drug Products, Center for drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. mklein@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 75 EP - 91 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Research KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80012454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Research+issues+related+to+development+of+medications+for+treatment+of+cocaine+addiction.&rft.au=Klein%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine treatment affects blood and liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in mice. Correlation with dopamine depletion in the striatum. AN - 80011958; 9668677 AB - Methamphetamine (METH) is a major drug of abuse which causes neurotoxicity by depleting dopamine, its metabolites, high-affinity dopamine uptake sites and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the striatum. Dopamine depletion and reduced dopamine transit are associated with depression. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the chief methyl donor used in dopamine and other neurotransmitter metabolism in mammals. Low SAM is associated with depression and other psychological and neurological disorders in humans. SAM is used to treat depression and some other neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present study was designed to determine if single or multiple doses of METH induce alterations in blood or liver SAM in mice and if these correlate with dopamine levels in the striatum. Adult male C57 mice were injected intraperitoneally with either single (1 x 40 mg/kg) or multiple (4 x 10 mg/kg) doses of METH. Animals were sacrificed at various intervals. A single injection of METH resulted in slightly higher blood SAM levels at 4 hr. Multiple doses of METH resulted in decreased hepatic and blood SAM levels at 72 hr. Blood SAM returned to control levels by 1 wk. Published work shows that dopamine levels increase hours after a single injection of METH, whereas dopamine decreases days after multiple injections of METH. These present data clearly demonstrate that METH dosing leads to significant alterations in liver and blood SAM and that these changes in SAM levels correlate with changes in striatal dopamine levels. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Cooney, C A AU - Wise, C K AU - Poirier, L A AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 191 EP - 200 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- deficiency KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80011958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine+treatment+affects+blood+and+liver+S-adenosylmethionine+%28SAM%29+in+mice.+Correlation+with+dopamine+depletion+in+the+striatum.&rft.au=Cooney%2C+C+A%3BWise%2C+C+K%3BPoirier%2C+L+A%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Cooney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of gender and estrogen on striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 80011541; 9668673 AB - The reproductive properties of estrogen are well established, but it is now evident that this steroid hormone has substantial modulatory capabilities in nonreproductive systems. For example, estrogen may be neuroprotective as Alzheimer's disease progresses more slowly in women receiving hormone replacement therapy, and Parkinson's disease affects more men than women. Gender affects both the functional biochemical responses of the nigral-striatal pathway to dopaminergically active compounds. To begin to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effects of estrogen in this pathway, we first determined if gender affected dopaminergic striatal neurotoxicity induced by two different neurotoxicants, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine (METH). Both agents induced greater neurotoxicity in males than females as evidenced by greater striatal dopamine (DA) depletions. An examination of striatal levels of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion (MPP+) following MPTP treatment established that the observed gender differences were not due to metabolic/pharmacokinetic variables. The neurotoxicity of MPTP was then examined in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Estrogen replacement reduced the DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) depletions as well as the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) elevation induced by MPTP, which indicates that estrogen has neuroprotective properties in this model of striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Surprisingly, estrogen supplementation did not protect against the neurotoxic effects of MPTP in intact 2-yr-old intact female mice, suggesting that low endogenous levels of estrogen may provide neuroprotection. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Miller, D B AU - Ali, S F AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Laws, S C AD - Toxiology & Molecular Biology Branch, CDC/NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. dum6@niords1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 153 EP - 165 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Ovariectomy KW - Mice KW - Uterus -- anatomy & histology KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80011541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+gender+and+estrogen+on+striatal+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BLaws%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The MAP kinase cascade is activated prior to the induction of gliosis in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 80011500; 9668663 AB - Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) provokes microglial activation and astrocytic hypertrophy at the site of damage. The signaling events that underlie these cellular responses remain unknown. Recent evidence has implicated tyrosine phosphorylation systems, in general, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascade, in particular, in the mediation of growth-associated events linked to neural degeneration, such as glial action. Moreover, an increase in the mRNA coding for the 14.3.3 protein, a known regulator of the MAP kinase pathway, appears to be involved in methamphetamine neurotoxicity. To examine the potential role of these protein kinase pathways in drug-induced damage to the CNS, we used the dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and to damage nerve terminals in the mouse neostriatum and elicit a glial reaction. The onset of reactive gliosis then was verified by Northern blot analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA and qualified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of GFAP (protein). A single administration of MPTP (12.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) to the C57B1/66J mouse resulted in a 10-fold increase in GFAP mRNA by 1 day and a 4-fold increase in GFAP (protein) by 2 days. To determine the potential role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase activation in these events, blots of striatal homogenates were probed with antibodies directed against phospho-tyr 204 and phospho-thr 202, residues corresponding to the active sites of p42/44 MAP kinase. After mice were sacrificed by focused microwave irradiation to preserve steady-state phosphorylation, proteins from striatal homogenates were resolved by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunoblots of these samples showed a number of phosphotyrosine-labeled bands, but there were no apparent differences between control and MPTP groups. In contrast, phospho-MAP kinase was elevated over 1.5 fold, 3-6 hours post MPTP. These findings are suggestive of a role of the MAP kinase cascade in the early phase of injury-induced glial activation. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Martin, P M AU - Mass, M J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1998/05/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 30 SP - 40 EP - 49 VL - 844 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Neurotoxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- genetics KW - Phosphorylation KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- pathology KW - Female KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Gliosis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80011500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+MAP+kinase+cascade+is+activated+prior+to+the+induction+of+gliosis+in+the+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine+%28MPTP%29+model+of+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMartin%2C+P+M%3BMass%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-30&rft.volume=844&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of mutator subpopulations in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 by reversion of his alleles. AN - 80043716; 9685594 AB - Defects in the methyl-directed mismatch repair lead to both the hypermutability phenotype and removal of a barrier to genetic exchange between species. Mutator bacteria carrying such defects occur frequently among bacterial pathogens, suggesting that subpopulations of mutators are contained within pathogen clones and give rise to the genetic variants that are acted upon by selective forces to allow survival or successful infection. We report here on the detection of the mutator subpopulation in Salmonella typhimurium and determination of its frequency in laboratory cultures. The analysis involved screening for mutators among revertants of S. typhimurium histidine auxotrophs selected for the His+ phenotype, since the frequency of mutators is expected to be increased in the selected mutant population they helped to spawn. The increases in spontaneous reversion of histidine mutations were first measured in isogenic strains carrying mismatch repair-defective mutH, mutL, mutS, or uvrD alleles, relative to their mismatch repair-proficient counterparts. Screening for the mutator phenotype in nearly 12,000 revertants of repair-proficient strains carrying his mutations highly stimulated for reversion in mutator backgrounds, the base substitution in hisG428 and frameshift in hisC3076, yielded five mutator strains (0.04%). The his+ reversion mutations contained within the newly-arisen mutator strains were characteristic of the predominant nucleotide changes expected in such mutators, as assessed by comparison with the spectra for reversion events in wild-type and mismatch correction-defective backgrounds. The results show that subpopulations of mutators, residing in normal populations at a finite frequency, can be culled from the culture by strong selection for a required phenotype. We calculate that the frequency of mutators in the unselected population of S. typhimurium is 1-4x10-6, an incidence 10-fold lower than that expected based on studies of laboratory cultures of Escherichia coli. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - LeClerc, J E AU - Payne, W L AU - Kupchella, E AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch (HFS-237), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St. S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1998/05/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 25 SP - 89 EP - 97 VL - 400 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Gene Frequency KW - Models, Genetic KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- metabolism KW - Alleles KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- pathogenicity KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed -- genetics KW - Histidine -- genetics KW - Histidine -- biosynthesis KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80043716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+mutator+subpopulations+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+LT2+by+reversion+of+his+alleles.&rft.au=LeClerc%2C+J+E%3BPayne%2C+W+L%3BKupchella%2C+E%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=LeClerc&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-25&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase, menopausal status, and breast cancer risk. AN - 79895064; 9605753 AB - Polymorphic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the O-methylation of estrogen catechols. In a case-control study, we evaluated the association of the low-activity allele (COMT(Met)) with breast cancer risk. Compared to women with COMT(Val/Val), COMT(Met/Met) was associated with an increased risk among premenopausal women [odds ratio (OR), 2.1; confidence interval (CI), 1.4-4.3] but was inversely associated with postmenopausal risk (OR, 0.4; CI, 0.2-0.7). The association of risk with at least one low-activity COMT(Met) allele was strongest among the heaviest premenopausal women (OR, 5.7; CI, 1.1-30.1) and among the leanest postmenopausal women (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.1-0.7), suggesting that COMT, mediated by body mass index, may be playing differential roles in human breast carcinogenesis, dependent upon menopausal status. JF - Cancer research AU - Thompson, P A AU - Shields, P G AU - Freudenheim, J L AU - Stone, A AU - Vena, J E AU - Marshall, J R AU - Graham, S AU - Laughlin, R AU - Nemoto, T AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Ambrosone, C B AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72205, USA. Y1 - 1998/05/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 15 SP - 2107 EP - 2110 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - 0 KW - Catechol O-Methyltransferase KW - EC 2.1.1.6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Postmenopause KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Premenopause KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Body Mass Index KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Catechol O-Methyltransferase -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Breast Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Menopause UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79895064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Genetic+polymorphisms+in+catechol-O-methyltransferase%2C+menopausal+status%2C+and+breast+cancer+risk.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+P+A%3BShields%2C+P+G%3BFreudenheim%2C+J+L%3BStone%2C+A%3BVena%2C+J+E%3BMarshall%2C+J+R%3BGraham%2C+S%3BLaughlin%2C+R%3BNemoto%2C+T%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BAmbrosone%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-15&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among never smokers in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 79873885; 9596471 AB - The relative risk of coronary artery disease among never smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) versus never smokers not exposed to ETS is approximately 1.2 based on more than a dozen epidemiologic studies. Most of these studies have controlled for the major heart disease risk factors, but residual or uncontrolled confounding remains a possible explanation for the epidemiologic findings. The authors studied 3,338 never-smoking adults aged 17 years or older, who are representative of all US never smokers, in the 1988-1991 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to determine whether selected risk factors for heart disease differ between ETS-exposed and -nonexposed persons. Both self-reported ETS exposure (at home and at work) and serum cotinine levels were available, the latter reflecting recent ETS exposure. After adjustments were made for age, sex, race, and education among adults aged 17 years or older, no significant differences were found between the ETS exposed and the nonexposed for any of 13 cardiovascular risk factors with the exception of dietary carotene, which was lower among the exposed. On the other hand, significant positive linear trends were found between serum cotinine and two risk factors (body mass index and alcohol consumption), and significant inverse trends were found with dietary carotene. There were also few differences between exposed and nonexposed never smokers among adults aged 40 years or older, who are most at risk of heart disease. In this group, however, there was an inverse linear trend between serum cotinine and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001). This finding could result from ETS exposure rather than be an indication of confounding; a similar inverse trend was found for children, confirming other results in the literature. Overall, these data suggest little potential for confounding by the heart disease risk factors studied here when ETS exposure is determined by self-report. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Steenland, K AU - Sieber, K AU - Etzel, R A AU - Pechacek, T AU - Maurer, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1998/05/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 15 SP - 932 EP - 939 VL - 147 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Cholesterol, HDL KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Cotinine -- blood KW - Child KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Cholesterol, HDL -- blood KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Heart Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79873885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+environmental+tobacco+smoke+and+risk+factors+for+heart+disease+among+never+smokers+in+the+Third+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BSieber%2C+K%3BEtzel%2C+R+A%3BPechacek%2C+T%3BMaurer%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-05-15&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deadliness of declining drug abuse. AN - 80054381; 9696674 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Woodward, A AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. awoodwar@samhsa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 234 EP - 235 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Overdose -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Drug Overdose -- classification KW - Cause of Death KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80054381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Deadliness+of+declining+drug+abuse.&rft.au=Woodward%2C+A&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Int J Addict. 1979 Aug;14(6):735-58 [489171] Public Health Rep. 1998 May-Jun;113(3):218-33 [9633866] Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Aug;124(2):180-1 [3728435] JAMA. 1991 Oct 23-30;266(16):2233-7 [1920721] Int J Addict. 1994 Dec;29(14):1801-11 [7890443] Comment On: Public Health Rep. 1998 May-Jun;113(3):218-33 [9633866] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male reproductive effects of lead, including species extrapolation for the rabbit model. AN - 79940682; 9628556 AB - The effects of elevated blood lead on semen quality were evaluated in the rabbit model and compared to published effects in humans. Mature, male rabbits were given lead acetate by subcutaneous injection in the dose range of 0 to 3.85 mg/kg on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday basis. In each of eight treatment groups, a dosing regimen was developed to produce blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, 50, 70, 80, 90, and 110 microg/dL. A 5-week pre-exposure period was followed by a 15-week exposure testing period allowing for response through six cycles of the seminiferous epithelium. Semen analyses revealed that increased blood lead levels were associated with adverse changes in the sperm count, ejaculate volume, percent motile sperm, swimming velocities, and morphology. Hormonal responses were minimal. Testicular pathology revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of spermiation. For six measures of semen quality, threshold estimates ranged from 16 to 24 microg/dL. Using the species extrapolation factor derived in this study, a rabbit dose would have to be divided by 1.56 to obtain the equivalent human dose for an equal percentage decrease in sperm concentration; however, rabbits are 3.75 more sensitive in terms of absolute decrease in sperm count for a given blood lead level. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Moorman, W J AU - Skaggs, S R AU - Clark, J C AU - Turner, T W AU - Sharpnack, D D AU - Murrell, J A AU - Simon, S D AU - Chapin, R E AU - Schrader, S M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. WJM2@CDC.GOV PY - 1998 SP - 333 EP - 346 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Nonlinear Dynamics KW - Rabbits KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Spermatozoa -- ultrastructure KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Semen -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79940682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Male+reproductive+effects+of+lead%2C+including+species+extrapolation+for+the+rabbit+model.&rft.au=Moorman%2C+W+J%3BSkaggs%2C+S+R%3BClark%2C+J+C%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BSharpnack%2C+D+D%3BMurrell%2C+J+A%3BSimon%2C+S+D%3BChapin%2C+R+E%3BSchrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro study of nicotine release from smokeless tobacco. AN - 79903268; 9606918 AB - Four brands (Copenhagen Snuff, Skoal Bandit Classic, Skoal Wintergreen Long Cut, and Skoal Wintergreen Fine Cut) of smokeless tobacco products were tested for their rate of nicotine release into artificial saliva via direct contact or through a dialysis bag. Nicotine was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. When samples were in direct contact with artificial saliva, most of the nicotine was released from the tobacco in the first minute. Nicotine release from Skoal Bandit Classic, marketed as smokeless tobacco in a sachet, was slower with the sachet intact than without the sachet. When smokeless tobacco and artificial saliva were placed inside a dialysis bag, nicotine release was much slower and primarily depended upon the permeability of the dialysis membrane. Although total nicotine was lowest for Skoal Bandit Classic, little difference was seen in nicotine release rates among the brands tested. When smokeless tobacco was placed in dialysis bags with artificial saliva outside, a significant difference was seen in rates of nicotine migration through the membrane. In this model, nicotine release from Copenhagen Snuff was much faster than from Skoal Bandit Classic with or without the sachet. This difference may be related to the pH of the smokeless tobacco products. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Nasr, M M AU - Reepmeyer, J C AU - Tang, Y AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Testing and Applied Analytical Development, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 540 EP - 543 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - 0 KW - Saliva, Artificial KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Dialysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Absorption KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Nicotine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79903268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=In+vitro+study+of+nicotine+release+from+smokeless+tobacco.&rft.au=Nasr%2C+M+M%3BReepmeyer%2C+J+C%3BTang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of ivermectin in salmon muscle tissue by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 79902643; 9606920 AB - A liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of ivermectin B1a (IVR) extracted from raw fortified and incurred Atlantic salmon muscle tissues. The method was also used to determine fortified doramectin (DOR) in Atlantic salmon. Tissue extract was applied to C8 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column, followed by a silica SPE column. Residues in the eluate were treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride and methylimidazole to dehydrate the IVR molecule and form an aromatic fluorescent moiety with a trifluoroacetic ester. This product was subsequently treated with ammonium acetate in methanol to cleave the ester and convert the functional group back to a stable alcohol form. The analytes were determined by fluorescence with excitation at 272 nm and emission at 465 nm. A C18 Hypersil column was used for analysis with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (90 + 10, v/v) and an oven temperature of 65 degrees C. IVR and DOR were determined at 5 fortification levels (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppb). Intra-assay absolute recoveries ranged from 75 to 89% for IVR and from 73 to 85% for DOR. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were < 7% in all cases. The limit of detection (3 x baseline noise) was 0.25 ppb extracted from tissue. Incurred tissues had an average concentration of 32 ppb, with an RSD of 3%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rupp, H S AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Walker, C C AU - Roybal, J E AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seattle District Office, Bothell, WA 98021-4421, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 549 EP - 553 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Drug Stability KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Salmon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79902643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+ivermectin+in+salmon+muscle+tissue+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Rupp%2C+H+S%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BWalker%2C+C+C%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of fluoroquinolones in catfish muscle by electrospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 79901288; 9606921 AB - A multiresidue liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) confirmation method for fluoroquinolones in catfish muscle was developed by using an electrospray interface. Residues of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and difloxacin were positively identified in catfish muscle fortified at 10-80 ppb as well as in incurred tissue. The extraction procedure is based on an LC method with fluorescence detection for determination of these compounds in catfish. Residues were extracted from catfish muscle with an acidic ethanol solution, and the extracts were cleaned up on a propyl sulfonic acid solid-phase extraction column. Chromatographic conditions were optimized to be compatible with the electrospray interface. Internal electrospray voltages were optimized so that 3 fragment ions, in addition to the protonated molecular ion, could be monitored for each residue. To obtain maximum sensitivity, separate MS acquisition programs were developed for ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin/difloxacin pairs. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Walker, C C AU - Roybal, J E AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Hurlbut, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 554 EP - 562 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Catfishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79901288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+fluoroquinolones+in+catfish+muscle+by+electrospray+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Turnipseed%2C+S+B%3BWalker%2C+C+C%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BPfenning%2C+A+P%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Turnipseed&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants of nitroreductase-producing Clostridium sp. strains from the human intestinal tract. AN - 79892712; 9593138 AB - Five spontaneous nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants (one each of Clostridium leptum, Clostridium paraputrificum, two other Clostridium spp. strains from the human intestinal microflora, and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 3626) were selected by growth on a nitrofurantoin-containing medium. All of the Clostridium wild-type and mutant strains produced nitroreductase, as was shown by the conversion of 4-nitrobenzoic acid to 4-aminobenzoic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the mutants during incubation with 50 microg of nitrofurantoin per ml showed the gradual disappearance of the nitrofurantoin peak. The nitrofurantoin peak also disappeared when cell-free supernatants instead of cultures of each of the resistant and wild-type bacteria were used, but it persisted if the cell-free supernatants had been inactivated by heat. At least two of the mutants converted nitrofurantoin to metabolites without antibacterial activity, as was shown by a bioassay with a nitrofurantoin-susceptible Bacillus sp. strain. Nitrofurantoin at a high concentration (50 microg/ml) continued to exert some toxicity, even on the resistant strains, as was evident from the longer lag phases. This study indicates that Clostridium strains can develop resistance to nitrofurantoin while retaining the ability to produce nitroreductase; the mutants metabolized nitrofurantoin to compounds without antibacterial activity. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Rafii, F AU - Hansen, E B AD - Division of Microbiology and Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. FRafii@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1121 EP - 1126 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Nitrofurantoin KW - 927AH8112L KW - Nitroreductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrofurantoin -- metabolism KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial -- physiology KW - Nitrofurantoin -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary -- metabolism KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary -- pharmacology KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Clostridium -- drug effects KW - Clostridium -- metabolism KW - Clostridium -- isolation & purification KW - Nitroreductases -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Clostridium -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79892712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+nitrofurantoin-resistant+mutants+of+nitroreductase-producing+Clostridium+sp.+strains+from+the+human+intestinal+tract.&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BHansen%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infection. 1994 May-Jun;22(3):187-92 [7927814] J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;169(1):127-33 [8277174] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 May;33 Suppl A:23-30 [7928834] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995 Feb;35(2):263-9 [7759390] J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(16):4822-9 [8759844] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jul;40(7):1699-702 [8807065] Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24 Suppl 1:S110-20 [8994790] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Jan;142(1):169-77 [9007046] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Jul;41(7):1495-9 [9210672] J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75 [14907713] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1957 Jan;66(1):208-16 [13395540] Drug Metab Dispos. 1974 Jan-Feb;2(1):74-8 [4150138] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3386-90 [185610] N Engl J Med. 1977 Apr 7;296(14):780-3 [320482] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1977 Sep;3(5):517-20 [903330] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1976 Dec;2(4):325-36 [802123] Drug Metab Dispos. 1978 Jul-Aug;6(4):403-11 [28920] J Biol Chem. 1984 May 25;259(10):6298-305 [6327675] Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 Jul 1;34(13):2325-30 [4015679] Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 Oct 15;38(20):3511-9 [2818643] Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev. 1989 Winter;8(4):183-201 [2694823] Mutat Res. 1990 May;244(1):55-60 [2139919] Cancer Biochem Biophys. 1990 Nov;11(4):275-87 [2081336] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Apr;57(4):962-8 [2059053] J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Aug;138 Pt 8:1553-9 [1527500] Indian J Exp Biol. 1993 Oct;31(10):808-12 [8276432] J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 May;33 Suppl A:17-22 [7928833] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bronchial responsiveness and five-year FEV1 decline: a study in miners and nonminers. AN - 79892428; 9603113 AB - Increased nonspecific bronchial responsiveness (NSBR) may be a risk factor for the development of chronic airflow obstruction. We evaluated this hypothesis in a cohort of 378 underground coal miners and working nonminers. Methacholine testing was performed at the beginning and end of a 5-yr study period. Spirometry was repeated at 6-mo intervals and individual 5-yr FEV1 slopes were calculated by linear regression. Relationships between FEV1 slopes and NSBR were examined using multiple linear regression models, controlling for FEV1 level, smoking, and mining. Increasing NSBR at the initial survey was associated with a somewhat greater rate of subsequent FEV1 decline. Methacholine responders at the final survey had a considerably increased rate of decline during the previous years. Responsiveness status changed over the 5 yr in 22% of the subjects. Both the development and persistence of increased NSBR were strongly associated with higher rates of FEV1 decline. In contrast, FEV1 declines were not accelerated among workers with increased NSBR that reverted to normal. Smoking and mining were both independently associated with FEV1 declines, but did not substantially modify the effect of NSBR. Due to its variability over time, NSBR testing predicts lung function decline only in some individuals, and its value as a prognostic test for chronic airway disorders is limited. Because improvement in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was associated with a reduction in the rate of FEV1 loss, interventions directed at preventing or reducing nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness should be investigated. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Hodgins, P AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Wang, M L AU - Petsonk, E L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1390 EP - 1396 VL - 157 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Spirometry KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- etiology KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Coal Mining KW - Forced Expiratory Volume UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79892428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Bronchial+responsiveness+and+five-year+FEV1+decline%3A+a+study+in+miners+and+nonminers.&rft.au=Hodgins%2C+P%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BWang%2C+M+L%3BPetsonk%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Hodgins&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=1390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Olestra: a new food additive. AN - 79889383; 9597030 AB - In 1987, Procter and Gamble Company (Cincinnati, Ohio) petitioned the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to amend the food additive regulations to allow sucrose esterified with fatty acids (olestra) to be used as a replacement for conventional fats. The petitioner later restricted its request for use in savory snacks. FDA considered evidence submitted by the petitioner, the opinions of experts, proceedings from the FDA Food Advisory Committee, and public discussion and concluded on January 25, 1996, that olestra was safe for use in savory snacks (eg, salty snacks such as potato chips, corn chips). Olestra is not toxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic, or teratogenic and is neither absorbed nor metabolized by the body, but may be associated with gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as cramping or loose stools. In addition, olestra affects the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins but does not affect the absorption of water-soluble nutrients. The petitioner's studies concluded that when olestra was consumed with foods containing vitamins A, D, E, or K, the fat substitute could have an effect on the absorption of these nutrients. Therefore, FDA is requiring that fat-soluble vitamins lost through absorption be added back to olestra as follows: 170 IU vitamin A per gram olestra, 12 IU vitamin D per gram olestra, 2.8 IU vitamin E per gram olestra, and 8 micrograms vitamin K per gram olestra. As part of the conditions of approval FDA is requiring that the food labels of products containing olestra disclose the vitamin compensation and the potential gastrointestinal effects. FDA is also requiring that further studies examining consumption patterns and the effects of olestra on human beings be conducted. JF - Journal of the American Dietetic Association AU - Prince, D M AU - Welschenbach, M A AD - Office of Special Investigations, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 565 EP - 569 VL - 98 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8223, 0002-8223 KW - Fat Substitutes KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - sucrose polyester KW - 6742Y30KGK KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Digestive System -- physiopathology KW - Fat Substitutes -- adverse effects KW - Sucrose -- adverse effects KW - Sucrose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fatty Acids -- adverse effects KW - Drug Approval UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79889383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dietetic+Association&rft.atitle=Olestra%3A+a+new+food+additive.&rft.au=Prince%2C+D+M%3BWelschenbach%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dietetic+Association&rft.issn=00028223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: neurological effects. AN - 79830940; 9569449 AB - The agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses substance-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. By definition, "MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure." MRLs serve as screening levels for health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern for population living near hazardous waste sites and chemical releases. MRLs for each substance are derived for acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. The MRLs are derived from data compiled from a current comprehensive literature search and are presented in ATSDR's toxicological profile for that substance. In this paper we outline ATSDR's guidance for evaluating the neurological end point as discussed in the agency's toxicological profiles. Ranking neurological effects into less serious and serious categories and applying this procedure to the derivation of health guidance values or MRLs are also described. Specific examples of ATSDR MRLs based on neurological effects are presented. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Chou, C H AU - Williams-Johnson, M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. cjc3@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 455 EP - 471 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Health Systems Agencies KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79830940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+classification+and+its+role+in+the+derivation+of+minimal+risk+levels%3A+neurological+effects.&rft.au=Chou%2C+C+H%3BWilliams-Johnson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Exposure Registry: analyses of health outcomes from the benzene subregistry. AN - 79830723; 9569445 AB - The purpose of the National Exposure Registry is to assess the long-term health consequences to a general population from long-term, low-level exposures to specific substances in the environment. This study investigates the health outcomes of 1,143 persons (1,127 living, 16 deceased) living in south central Texas who had documented environmental exposure to benzene (up to 66ppb) in tap water. As with all subregistries, face-to-face interviews were used to collect self-reported information for 25 general health status questions. Using computer-assisted telephone interviewing, the same health questions were asked 1 year (Followup 1, F1) and 2 years later (Followup 2, F2). The health outcome rates for Baseline and Followup 1 and 2 data collections for the Benzene Subregistry were compared with national norms, that is, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) rates. For at least one of the three reporting periods, specific age and sex groups of the Benzene Subregistry population reported more adverse health outcomes when compared with the NHIS population, including anemia and other blood disorders, ulcers, gall bladder trouble, and stomach or intestinal problems, stroke, urinary tract disorders, skin rashes, diabetes, kidney disease, and respiratory allergies. Statistically significant deficits for the Benzene Subregistry population overall were found for asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis; arthritis, rheumatism, or other joint disorders; hearing impairment; and speech impairment. No statistically significant differences between the two populations were seen for the outcomes hypertension; liver disease; mental retardation; or cancer. These results do not identify a causal relationship between benzene exposure and adverse health effects; however, they do reinforce the need for continued followup of registrants. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Burg, J R AU - Gist, G L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jrb@cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 367 EP - 387 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Male Urogenital Diseases KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Texas KW - Child KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Infant KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Female Urogenital Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Female KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Registries KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79830723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+National+Exposure+Registry%3A+analyses+of+health+outcomes+from+the+benzene+subregistry.&rft.au=Burg%2C+J+R%3BGist%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemicals in the workplace: incorporating human neurobehavioral testing into the regulatory process. AN - 79813370; 9557167 AB - In February 1996, the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive sponsored a workshop on the role of human neurobehavioral tests in the regulation of chemical exposures in the workplace. This paper presents the review of neurobehavioral testing that was initially prepared for the workshop but has been expanded and updated for publication. Information sources for the review were drawn from "preamble to the regulation," in the 1989 air contaminants project, an attempt by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to update the 1968 regulatory limits of workplace exposures. The scientific citations listed in the preamble provide a chemical database to review for evidence of neurobehavioral testing to support limit setting. Several conclusions emerged: 1) A wide range of nervous system effects were reported in the scientific citations for the 172 chemicals identified with effects on the nervous system; 2) Citations of studies with human neurobehavioral test results are used to support limit setting, but many are old studies primarily of acute effects; 3) There is frequently a delay of several years after publication before studies with neurobehavioral testing are cited in regulatory forums; 4) With the 1989 proposed regulatory limits never legally adopted, there has not been an update for most of the substances affecting the nervous system since 1971; 5) Investigators should be more aware of the regulatory process and submit studies reporting neurobehavioral test results to organizations that regulate and recommend workplace exposure limits; 6) Issuances in the Federal Register by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provide a framework for assessing neurotoxic risks that can be used by investigators to help identify and report nervous system effects using neurobehavioral testing in a more uniform fashion. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Dick, R B AU - Ahlers, H AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 439 EP - 453 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Neuropsychological Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79813370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Chemicals+in+the+workplace%3A+incorporating+human+neurobehavioral+testing+into+the+regulatory+process.&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BAhlers%2C+H&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indirect assessment of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) exposure by evaluation of specific humoral immune responses to MDI conjugated to human serum albumin. AN - 79812524; 9557170 AB - A study of occupational asthma among workers exposed to 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI). To demonstrate if serum concentrations of MDI-specific IgG or IgE are sensitive biological markers of disease or of MDI exposure. The study group consisted of nine MDI-exposed workers and nine nonexposed workers. Air sampling for MDI and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, occupational and medical histories, respiratory physical exams, pre- and postshift spirometry, and self-administered peak expiratory flow rates were performed. Serum specific IgE and IgG antibodies to an MDI-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate were assayed by the radioallergosorbent test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and compared to nine nonexposed laboratory controls. No definitive cases of occupational asthma were documented. The mean level of MDI-specific IgG was significantly greater among exposed workers compared to nonexposed workers and laboratory controls (p = 0.04). Mean levels of TDI and HDI-specific IgG were also increased. This study demonstrates that serum concentrations of MDI-specific IgG appear to be a moderately sensitive biological marker of MDI exposure, but not an indicator of occupational asthma. Workers with IgG antibodies specific for one diisocyanate-HSA conjugate exhibit cross-reactivity to antigens prepared with other diisocyanates. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Lushniak, B D AU - Reh, C M AU - Bernstein, D I AU - Gallagher, J S AD - Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 471 EP - 477 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Isocyanates KW - 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate KW - 101-68-8 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radioallergosorbent Test KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Antibody Formation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cross Reactions KW - Occupational Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79812524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Indirect+assessment+of+4%2C4%27-diphenylmethane+diisocyanate+%28MDI%29+exposure+by+evaluation+of+specific+humoral+immune+responses+to+MDI+conjugated+to+human+serum+albumin.&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+B+D%3BReh%2C+C+M%3BBernstein%2C+D+I%3BGallagher%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Cys-rich region of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 is required for binding of hepatitis A virus and protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. AN - 79811256; 9557657 AB - The hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVcr-1) cDNA codes for a class I integral membrane glycoprotein, termed havcr-1, of unknown natural function which serves as an African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cell receptor for HAV. The extracellular domain of havcr-1 has an N-terminal Cys-rich region that displays homology with sequences of members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, followed by a Thr/Ser/Pro (TSP)-rich region characteristic of mucin-like O-glycosylated proteins. The havcr-1 glycoprotein contains four putative N-glycosylation sites, two in the Cys-rich region and two in the TSP-rich region. To characterize havcr-1 and define region(s) involved in HAV receptor function, we expressed the TSP-rich region in Escherichia coli fused to glutathione S-transferase and generated antibodies (Ab) in rabbits (anti-GST2 Ab). Western blot analysis with anti-GST2 Ab detected 62- and 65-kDa bands in AGMK cells and 59-, 62-, and 65-kDa bands in dog cells transfected with the HAVcr-1 cDNA (cr5 cells) but not in dog cells transfected with the vector alone (DR2 cells). Treatment of AGMK and cr5 cell extracts with peptide-N-glycosidase F resulted in the collapse of the havcr-1-specific bands into a single band of 56 kDa, which indicated that different N-glycosylated forms of havcr-1 were expressed in these cells. Treatment of AGMK and cr5 cells with tunicamycin reduced binding of protective monoclonal Ab (MAb) 190/4, which suggested that N-glycans are required for binding of MAb 190/4 to havcr-1. To test this hypothesis, havcr-1 mutants lacking the N-glycosylation motif at the first site (mut1), second site (mut2), and both (mut3) sites were constructed and transfected into dog cells. Binding of MAb 190/4 and HAV to mut1 and mut3 cells was highly reduced, while binding to mut2 cells was not affected and binding to dog cells expressing an havcr-1 construct containing a deletion of the Cys-rich region (d1- cells) was undetectable. HAV-infected cr5 and mut2 cells but not mut1, mut3, d1-, and DR2 cells developed the characteristic cytoplasmic granular fluorescence of HAV-infected cells. These results indicate that the Cys-rich region of havcr-1 and its first N-glycosylation site are required for binding of protective MAb 190/4 and HAV receptor function. JF - Journal of virology AU - Thompson, P AU - Lu, J AU - Kaplan, G G AD - Laboratory of Hepatitis Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 3751 EP - 3761 VL - 72 IS - 5 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - HAVCR1 protein, human KW - Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Receptors, Virus KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Glycosylation KW - Mutagenesis KW - Base Sequence KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Dogs KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Line KW - Hepatovirus -- metabolism KW - Cysteine -- metabolism KW - Hepatovirus -- physiology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Virus -- immunology KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Receptors, Virus -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Virus -- genetics KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- immunology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79811256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=The+Cys-rich+region+of+hepatitis+A+virus+cellular+receptor+1+is+required+for+binding+of+hepatitis+A+virus+and+protective+monoclonal+antibody+190%2F4.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+P%3BLu%2C+J%3BKaplan%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1986 Oct;60(1):124-30 [3018280] J Gen Virol. 1997 Jul;78 ( Pt 7):1565-9 [9225030] J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3035-9 [3041024] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Aug;15(8):291-4 [2204153] N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 13;327(7):453-7 [1320740] J Med Virol. 1992 Jul;37(3):220-7 [1331311] Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):515-9 [8382411] Virology. 1993 Jun;194(2):616-26 [8389076] Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):616-23 [8249284] JAMA. 1994 May 4;271(17):1328-34 [8158817] J Virol. 1994 Sep;68(9):6064-8 [8057483] J Virol. 1994 Oct;68(10):6299-304 [8083969] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1727-33 [7853510] J Virol. 1996 May;70(5):2861-8 [8627760] J Virol. 1996 Aug;70(8):4973-7 [8764003] J Virol. 1996 Aug;70(8):5143-52 [8764022] EMBO J. 1996 Aug 15;15(16):4282-96 [8861957] Virology. 1986 Dec;155(2):732-6 [3024410] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of N-OH-MOCA (4-amino-4'-hydroxylamino-bis-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane) and PBQ (2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) in human lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 73881628; 9704822 AB - The genotoxic potential of two occupationally significant chemicals, 4,4'-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline (MOCA) and 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PBQ), was explored by monitoring the induction of mutations at the HPRT locus of AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. Exposure of AHH-1 cells to the putative carcinogenic metabolite of MOCA, N-OH-MOCA, induced a 6-fold increase in mutant frequency and resulted in base pair substitutions primarily at A:T base pairs. In contrast, exposure to PBQ did not result in an increased mutant frequency although this compound was significantly more cytotoxic than N-OH-MOCA at equimolar doses. The induction of mutations at A:T sites by N-OH-MOCA is consistent with the type of DNA damage known to be produced by MOCA and provides a specific marker of genotoxic damage for exposed populations. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Reid, T M AU - DeBord, D G AU - Cheever, K L AU - Savage, R E AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. tar9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Benzoquinones KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - phenylbenzoquinone KW - 363-03-1 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 5-hydroxy-3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane-5-sulfate KW - 94887-71-5 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA -- genetics KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - Benzoquinones -- toxicity KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- analogs & derivatives KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73881628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+N-OH-MOCA+%284-amino-4%27-hydroxylamino-bis-3%2C3%27-dichlorodiphenylmethane%29+and+PBQ+%282-phenyl-1%2C4-benzoquinone%29+in+human+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Reid%2C+T+M%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of carbonaceous aerosols: interlaboratory comparison. AN - 73831824; 9709478 AB - Carbonaceous aerosols are present in many workplace and environmental settings. Some of these aerosols are known or suspect human carcinogens and have been linked to other adverse health effects. Exposure to diesel exhaust is of particular concern because it has been classified as a probable human carcinogen and use of diesel-powered equipment is widespread in industry. Because previously used methods for monitoring exposures to particulate diesel exhaust lack adequate sensitivity and selectivity, a new method was needed. A carbon analysis technique called the thermal-optical method was evaluated for this purpose. In thermal-optical analysis, carbon in a filter sample is speciated as organic and elemental (OC and EC, respectively). When the thermal-optical method was initially evaluated, only one instrument was available, so interlaboratory variability could not be examined. More recently, additional instruments were constructed and an interlaboratory comparison was completed. Eleven laboratories participated in the study, including four in Europe that employ an alternative thermal technique based on coulometric detection of CO2. Good agreement (RSDs less than or equal to 15%) between the total carbon results reported by all laboratories was obtained. Reasonable within-method agreement was seen for EC results, but the EC content found by the two methods was differed significantly. Disagreement between th OC-EC results found by the two methods was expected because organic and elemental carbon are operationally defined. With all filter samples, results obtained with the coulometric method were positively biased relative to thermal-optical results. In addition, the alternative method gave a positive bias in the analysis of two OC standard solutions. About 52% and 70% of the carbon found in two aqueous solutions containing OC only (sucrose and EDTA, respectively) was quantified as elemental,while EC contents of about 1% and 0.1% (respectively) were found by the thermal-optical method. The positive bias in the analysis of the OC standards is attributed largely to inadequate removal of OC during the first part of the analysis; lack of correlation for pyrolytically formed carbon (char) also is a factor. Results obtained with a different thermal program having a higher maximum temperature were in better agreement with the thermal-optical method. JF - The Analyst AU - Birch, M E AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Preventional, Cincinatti, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 851 EP - 857 VL - 123 IS - 5 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Aerosols -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73831824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+carbonaceous+aerosols%3A+interlaboratory+comparison.&rft.au=Birch%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A highly sensitive gas chromatographic determination of levamisole in milk. AN - 69944487; 9764210 AB - An efficient extraction and sensitive gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of the anthelminthic drug levamisole in milk. Levamisole was extracted from alkaline milk with ethyl acetate. Clean-up of the extract was by a series of liquid-liquid extraction steps. Levamisole residues in the extract were determined by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. This method was satisfactory for determining levamisole residues in milk as low as 0.5 ng/g. Mean recoveries of 0.5-10.0 ng/g fortified milk samples ranged from 84.5 to 95.2%. Five replicate analyses performed on a milk containing incurred levamisole residues yielded a mean of 3.34 ng/g levamisole with a CV of 3.0%. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Schenck, F J AU - Podhorniak, L V AU - Wagner, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 411 EP - 414 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antinematodal Agents KW - 0 KW - Levamisole KW - 2880D3468G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Residues KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Levamisole -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Antinematodal Agents -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69944487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=A+highly+sensitive+gas+chromatographic+determination+of+levamisole+in+milk.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BPodhorniak%2C+L+V%3BWagner%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Full-scale testing of the float dust deposition meter AN - 52544238; 1998-072763 AB - Coal dust and float coal dust, produced during normal mining operations, in underground coal mines, are carried from the point of origin downstream by the ventilating air, where it deposits on the surfaces of the mine entry. In an explosion, this dust is lifted from the surfaces by the aerodynamic disturbances and, if of sufficient quantity, can continue to propagate the explosion. To prevent the surface coal dust from contributing, it must be inerted, typically by spreading pulverized limestone, i.e., rock dust, over the coal dust surface. To facilitate the dusting operation, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL), developed an automated system that continuously monitors the accumulation of coal dust. This system could activate a rock-dusting machine that disperses rock dust into the ventilation air when dangerous deposits accumulate and deactivate the machine when sufficient inert has been deposited on top of the coal dust. The system consists of a microprocessor-controlled optical float dust deposition meter. This device measures the light intensity reflected from a deposited layer of dust. A standard cap lamp is used as a fixed-position light source. From the reflected light signal, the microprocessor determines the hazard level of the deposited layer and performs the appropriate action. Full-scale studies conducted in the Experimental Mine at PRL's Lake Lynn Laboratory, using alternating thin layers of rock dust and coal dust, successfully demonstrated the operation of the device. Based on the statistical data from these studies, a mathematical model was developed to predict long-term error in total rock dust content using this inerting procedure. Downwind dust dispersion was also examined to provide optimum placement of the dust sensors and to determine the need for better rock dust dispersion techniques. JF - Report of Investigations - United States Department of Energy AU - Cortese, Robert A AU - Perlee, Henry E Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 10 PB - U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. KW - mining KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - explosions KW - clastic sediments KW - coal mines KW - mathematical models KW - simulation KW - measurement KW - human ecology KW - sedimentary rocks KW - deposition KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - dust KW - sediments KW - testing KW - risk assessment KW - instruments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52544238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cortese%2C+Robert+A%3BPerlee%2C+Henry+E&rft.aulast=Cortese&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Full-scale+testing+of+the+float+dust+deposition+meter&rft.title=Full-scale+testing+of+the+float+dust+deposition+meter&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04495 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; coal; coal mines; deposition; dust; explosions; geologic hazards; human ecology; instruments; mathematical models; measurement; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; risk assessment; sedimentary rocks; sediments; simulation; testing; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fumonisin B sub(1) in pregnant rats AN - 16551639; 4352583 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) (FB1), the major mycotoxin from Fusarium moniliforme, has been implicated as a causative agent in several animal and human diseases. Despite animal toxicity studies and human epidemiological studies of FB1, knowledge of its reproductive effects is scarce. In this study, one of a series of proposed studies that will allow extrapolation to humans, pregnant rats were given oral doses of 0, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5 or 15 mg FB1/kg on gestation days 3-16. Caesarean sections were performed on day 17 or 20, and maternal condition, implantation efficiency, foetal viability and foetal development were measured. Dose-related decreases in overall feed consumption and body weight gain were seen, but only the feed consumption decrease at 15 mg/kg, and the decreased body weight gain at 15 mg/kg on days 0-17 were statistically significant. Foetal body weights at day 17 were similar in control and treated groups; but in day-20 foetuses, female weight and crown-rump length were significantly decreased at 15 mg/kg. FB1 was not teratogenic at the doses tested, and no dose-related effects were seen in either skeletal or soft-tissue development. In day-17 animals, maternal and foetal brain, liver and kidney tissues, and maternal serum were preserved to study the levels of sphinganine (Sa), sphingosine (So), and the Sa/So ratios. Dose-related increases were seen in Sa/So ratios in maternal livers, kidneys and serum. Sa/So ratios of maternal brains were not affected, nor were those of foetal kidneys, livers or brains. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Collins, TFX AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Sprando, R L AU - Black, T N AU - Laborde, J B AU - Hansen, D K AU - Eppley, R M AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Howard, P C AU - Bryant, MA AU - Ruggles, DI AU - Olejnik, N AU - Rorie, JI AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 397 EP - 408 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - dose-response effects KW - rats KW - sphinganine KW - sphingosine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - Mycotoxins KW - Fumonisin B1 KW - Teratogenicity KW - Pregnancy KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+pregnant+rats&rft.au=Collins%2C+TFX%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BLaborde%2C+J+B%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BHoward%2C+P+C%3BBryant%2C+MA%3BRuggles%2C+DI%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BRorie%2C+JI&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=TFX&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; Teratogenicity; Pregnancy; Mycotoxins; Fumonisin B1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid assessment of organophosphate-induced cholinesterase depression: A comparison of laboratory and field kit methods to detect human exposure to organophosphates AN - 16529768; 4336230 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends monitoring blood cholinesterase levels among workers who handle pesticides as a means of detecting exposure to organophosphate compounds that inhibit these enzymes. Traditionally this medical surveillance involves collecting venipuncture blood samples that are sent to a laboratory for analysis. Because this can be a time-consuming process, and because workers often object to serial venipuncture sampling, rapid-assay technology is being developed. To test the reliability of an on-site finger-stick system, we tested 97 workers for cholinesterase inhibition using the standard venipuncture method and using a spectrophotometric field kit. We also assessed exposure by analyzing urine samples for para-nitrophenol (p-NP). The workers, who were cleaning private residences contaminated with the organophosphate methyl parathion, were tested before starting work and then repeatedly over a 7-week period. We compared results of the two methods to determine the kit's ability to accurately predict cholinesterase levels in humans. There were no instances of pesticide exposure detected by urinalysis for p-NP. Neither venipuncture erythrocyte cholinesterase [mean 10,991 international units (IU)/L, coefficient of variation 14.5%] nor test kit erythrocyte cholinesterase (mean 3.4 IU/ml, coefficient of variation 14.8%) levels identified workers with 30 percent or greater depression from their personal baseline. Assuming that the laboratory method is a gold standard, the specificity of the finger-stick test kit for our study is 100 percent. Sensitivity could not be estimated. Real-time cholinesterase monitoring will enhance pesticide surveillance. Our study design provided a useful way of assessing existing technologies. However, the reliability of these technologies can be evaluated only if quantifiable human exposure actually occurs during the study period. JF - Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Atkins, EL AU - Rubins, CH AU - Olsoni AU - Jackson, R J AU - Tharr, D AD - NIOSH, Health-Related Energy Research Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 265 EP - 268 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - cholinesterase KW - organophosphorus compounds KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16529768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Rapid+assessment+of+organophosphate-induced+cholinesterase+depression%3A+A+comparison+of+laboratory+and+field+kit+methods+to+detect+human+exposure+to+organophosphates&rft.au=Atkins%2C+EL%3BRubins%2C+CH%3BOlsoni%3BJackson%2C+R+J%3BTharr%2C+D&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Personal aerosol sampler design: a review AN - 16528624; 4336234 AB - A variety of personal aerosol samplers are commercially available. Several of these samplers have been used and evaluated by researchers. The literature describing a variety of personal dust samplers was reviewed to indicate sampler problems and potential solutions to these problems. The characteristics of samplers that can affect their accuracy include: adherence to current international conventions for sampling inhalable, thoracic, and respirable dust; construction and assembly; electrostatically induced biases; internal losses; collection medium stability; and sample handling ease before, during, and after collection. Each of these areas was examined and specific recommendations were made. All samplers in current use can be improved, though further research is needed in a number of areas. JF - Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Baron, P A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 313 EP - 320 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16528624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Personal+aerosol+sampler+design%3A+a+review&rft.au=Baron%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations affecting the alpha subunit of Bordetella pertussis RNA polymerase suppress growth inhibition conferred by short C-terminal deletions of the response regulator BvgA AN - 16524910; 4358056 AB - The effects of short deletions of the C terminus of the BvgA response regulator protein of the BvgAS two-component system were examined in Bordetella pertussis. When present as a single copy in the chromosome, deletions removing as few as two amino acids conferred a completely Bvg super(-) phenotype. When provided in trans, on the broad-host-range plasmid pRK290, under the control of the native bvgAS promoter, deletions of two or three amino acids conferred a profound growth inhibition which was dependent on the integrity and activity of the wild-type chromosomal bvgAS locus. It is proposed that this phenotype was the result of an inappropriate interaction of the mutant BvgA protein with the RNA polymerase enzyme, specifically the alpha subunit. Mutant strains in which this growth inhibition was relieved were isolated and characterized. Although most of the suppressor mutations affected either the mutant plasmid copy or the wild-type chromosomal bvg locus, three mutations which affected the alpha subunit of B. pertussis RNA polymerase were also isolated. Two of these resulted in increased levels of the alpha subunit, and one caused a substitution of glycine for the aspartic acid residue at position 171, in the N-terminal domain. All three mutations also resulted in a differential phenotype in that expression of fha was essentially normal, but expression of ptx was greatly reduced. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, stibitz@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 2484 EP - 2492 VL - 180 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - BvgA protein KW - C-terminus KW - DNA-directed RNA polymerase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14721:RNA polymerases KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16524910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Mutations+affecting+the+alpha+subunit+of+Bordetella+pertussis+RNA+polymerase+suppress+growth+inhibition+conferred+by+short+C-terminal+deletions+of+the+response+regulator+BvgA&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2484&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of nucleotide sequence differences in three virulence-associated genes of Listeria monocytogenes strains representing clinically important serotypes AN - 16522481; 4358106 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes invasive, often fatal, disease in susceptible hosts. As a foodborne pathogen, the bacterium has emerged as a significant public health problem and has caused several epidemics in the United States and Europe. Three serotypes ( one half a, one half b, 4b) of L. monocytogenes are responsible for nearly 95% of all reported cases of human listeriosis. L. monocytogenes serotype 4b has caused all well-characterized foodborne epidemic outbreaks in North America and Europe between 1981 and 1993. However, most of the genetic studies to characterize virulence factors of L. monocytogenes have been done by using serotypes one half a and one half c. In this investigation, we examined three virulence-associated genes (hly encoding listeriolysin, plcA encoding phosphotidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, and inlA encoding internalin) of two serotype 4b and two serotype one half b strains. We chose these virulence-associated genes on the basis of published sequence differences among strains from Listeria subgroups containing serotypes one half a and one half c versus 4b, respectively. They correspond to sequence homologies that include very highly conserved (hlyA), highly conserved (plcA) and mostly conserved (inlA). We found by using nucleotide sequence analysis of the hly, plcA, and inlA genes, the two L. monocytogenes strains (including a strain associated with a foodborne disease outbreak in California in 1985) in this study, two serotype one half b strains from a study that we recently reported, and other similar published data for serotypes one half a, one half c, and 4b, had a high degree of sequence conservation at the gene and protein levels for all three genes. However, the sequences for the hly gene of L. monocytogenes strains of serotypes one half b and 4b were more closely related to each other and showed significant divergence from serotypes one half a and one half c. A unique nonsynonymous mutation was found in the hly gene of L. monocytogenes isolates that were associated with the 1985 California outbreak and were the epidemic phage type. When 158 L. monocytogenes isolates from the collection at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were screened, the mutation was found only in one other strain that had been isolated in California 3 years before the epidemic. Although the California epidemic clone was lactose negative, other L. monocytogenes serotype 4b isolates that were lactose negative did not possess the unique mutation observed in that epidemic clone. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Vines, A AU - Swaminathan, B AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS CO7, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 309 EP - 318 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - epidemics KW - hly gene KW - inlA gene KW - internalin KW - listeriolysin KW - listeriosis KW - nucleotide sequence KW - pathogens KW - phospholipase C KW - plcA gene KW - public health KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+nucleotide+sequence+differences+in+three+virulence-associated+genes+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+strains+representing+clinically+important+serotypes&rft.au=Vines%2C+A%3BSwaminathan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Vines&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistics and epidemiology of tractor fatalities - A historical perspective AN - 16485629; 4375872 AB - Farm tractors have historically been identified as the leading source of work-related farming deaths in the U.S. While data from the National Safety Council show that tractor-related deaths and fatality rates have decreased since 1969, current surveillance data indicate that an average of 218 farmers and farmworkers die annually from tractor-related injuries. Of these deaths, approximately 120 are associated with tractor overturns. Most of these deaths occur to tractor operators 65 years of age and older. Roll-over Protective Structures (ROPS) have been identified as the single best method of preventing tractor overturn-related deaths, yet only 38% of all tractors used on farms in the U.S. were equipped with ROPS in 1993. A major issue associated with increasing the use of ROPS on farm tractors is the cost of retrofitting ROPS on older tractors. The average cost to retrofit tractors with ROPS in the U.S. was estimated at $937, and a cost of at least $4 billion nationally in 1993. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Myers, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Hard, D L AU - Casini, V J AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AU - Morton, L AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - injuries KW - safety engineering KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Statistics+and+epidemiology+of+tractor+fatalities+-+A+historical+perspective&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J%3BMorton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety assessment with hormetic effects AN - 16479041; 4356657 JF - Human & Experimental Toxicology AU - Gaylor, D AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AK 72099502 Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 251 EP - 253 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0960-3721, 0960-3721 KW - hormesis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16479041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Safety+assessment+with+hormetic+effects&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.issn=09603721&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Filipin-dependent inhibition of cholera toxin: Evidence for toxin internalization and activation through caveolae-like domains AN - 16408953; 4322201 AB - The mechanism by which cholera toxin (CT) is internalized from the plasma membrane before its intracellular reduction and subsequent activation of adenylyl cyclase is not well understood. Ganglioside G sub(M1), the receptor for CT, is predominantly clustered in detergent-insoluble glycolipid rafts and in caveolae, non-coated, cholesterol-rich invaginations on the plasma membrane. In this study, we used filipin, a sterol-binding agent that disrupts caveolae and caveolae-like structures, to explore their role in the internalization and activation of CT in CaCo-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. When toxin internalization was quantified, only 33% of surface-bound toxin was internalized by filipin-treated cells within 1 h compared with 79% in untreated cells. However, CT activation as determined by its reduction to form the A sub(1) peptide and CT activity as measured by cyclic AMP accumulation were inhibited in filipin-treated cells. Another sterol-binding agent, 2-hydroxy- beta -cyclodextrin, gave comparable results. The cationic amphiphilic drug chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent, receptor-mediated endocytosis, however, affected neither CT internalization, activation, nor activity in contrast to its inhibitory effects on diphtheria toxin cytotoxicity. As filipin did not inhibit the latter, the two drugs appeared to distinguish between caveolae- and coated pit-mediated processes. In addition to its effects in CaCo-2 cells that express low levels of caveolin, filipin also inhibited CT activity in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 and Jurkat T lymphoma cells that are, respectively, rich in or lack caveolin. Thus, filipin inhibition correlated more closely with alterations in the biochemical characteristics of CT-bound membranes due to the interactions of filipin with cholesterol rather than with the expressed levels of caveolin and caveolar structure. Our results indicated that the internalization and activation of CT was dependent on and mediated through cholesterol- and glycolipid-rich microdomains at the plasma membrane rather than through a specific morphological structure and that these glycolipid microdomains have the necessary components required to mediate endocytosis. JF - Journal of Cell Biology AU - Orlandi, P A AU - Fishman, PH AD - Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN/OPDFB/DVA/VMB/HFS-327, 200 C. Street, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 905 EP - 915 VL - 141 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9525, 0021-9525 KW - caveolae KW - filipin KW - transport KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16408953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Filipin-dependent+inhibition+of+cholera+toxin%3A+Evidence+for+toxin+internalization+and+activation+through+caveolae-like+domains&rft.au=Orlandi%2C+P+A%3BFishman%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Orlandi&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cell+Biology&rft.issn=00219525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Innovative state strategies to insure children AN - 59773424; 1998-0502460 AB - Case studies of practices in seven states; 1997, with planned electronic updates; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York State, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Washington State. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, April 24 1998. Y1 - 1998/04/24/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 24 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Children -- Medical care KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59773424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Innovative+state+strategies+to+insure+children&rft.title=Innovative+state+strategies+to+insure+children&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/schip/index.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fumonisin B1 on lipid peroxidation in membranes. AN - 79832254; 9565668 AB - Electron spin resonance (ESR)1 spin-label oximetry and spin trapping techniques have been used to study the effect of fumonisin B1 (FB1), an amphipathic mycotoxin on lipid peroxidation in egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) bilayers. In the study of the interaction between FB1 and lipid bilayers our results show that fumonisin disturbs the ordering of membranes, enhances oxygen transport in membranes, and also increases membrane permeability. In our model system, lipid peroxidations were initiated by extended incubation of the liposomes, or by inducing Fe2+ ions, UV illumination of H2O2 or ultrasound irradiation. As an indication of the rates of lipid oxidation in EYPC, the consumption of molecular oxygen was studied by monitoring the oxygen concentration in the aqueous phases of the liposomes. Lipid-derived free radicals generated during the oxidation process were measured by a spin trapping method. The incorporation of FB1 in the test samples made the membranes highly susceptible to oxidation. Our results provide the first evidence that the fumonisins appear to increase the rate of oxidation, promote the free radical intermediate production and accelerate the chain reactions associated with lipid peroxidation. The disruption of membrane structure, the enlargement of the relative oxygen diffusion-concentration products, as well as the enhancement effects on membrane permeability, thus provide additional insights into potential mechanisms by which the fumonisins could enhance oxidative stress and cell damage. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Yin, J J AU - Smith, M J AU - Eppley, R M AU - Page, S W AU - Sphon, J A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1998/04/22/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 22 SP - 134 EP - 142 VL - 1371 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Cations, Divalent KW - Fumonisins KW - Liposomes KW - Mycotoxins KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Spin Trapping KW - Oxygen Consumption KW - Ultrasonics KW - Cell Membrane Permeability -- drug effects KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Egg Yolk KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Liposomes -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79832254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fumonisin+B1+on+lipid+peroxidation+in+membranes.&rft.au=Yin%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+M+J%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BSphon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-22&rft.volume=1371&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the chinchilla pinna and ear canal in electrophysiological measures of hearing thresholds. AN - 85416147; pmid-9566318 AB - Measurements of the acoustic transfer function (ATF) of the pinnae of 8 chinchillas were compared with the auditory-evoked potential (AEP) thresholds of 16 chinchillas measured in free field and with insert earphones. The ATF was measured in anesthetized chinchillas in a far-field condition in a semi-anechoic room using a logarithmic frequency sweep from 100 Hz to 20 kHz. Probe microphone measurements were collected with the probe opening at the tympanic membrane and in the same approximate position with the chinchilla removed from the sound field. For each animal's acoustic transfer function, the average of five in-the-ear and three free-field measurements were determined. The ATF exhibited a 5-dB passive gain at about 1 kHz and a broad resonance between 2.5 and 6 kHz of about a 10-dB gain. AEP thresholds were obtained from monaural chronically implanted chinchillas at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz using first free-field and then insert earphone stimuli. The free-field sound pressure was measured with a microphone in the approximate position of the chinchilla's head. The earphone sound pressures were measured with a probe microphone positioned near the tympanic membrane. The free-field AEP hearing thresholds exhibited +10-dB gain at 4 kHz compared to the insert earphone AEP thresholds. The agreement between the ATF and AEP derived transfer function suggested that the threshold differences at 4 kHz between the two testing configurations can be accounted for by the pinna and ear canal gain. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Murphy, W J AU - Davis, R R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 1951 EP - 1956 VL - 103 IS - 4 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Animals KW - Electrodes, Implanted KW - Differential Threshold KW - Tympanic Membrane -- physiology KW - Chinchilla -- physiology KW - Electrophysiology KW - Electric Stimulation -- instrumentation KW - Male KW - Ear, External -- physiology KW - Hearing -- physiology KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Ear Canal -- physiology KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory KW - Acoustic Stimulation -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85416147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+chinchilla+pinna+and+ear+canal+in+electrophysiological+measures+of+hearing+thresholds.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+W+J%3BDavis%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative tests: carcinogenesis as an example. AN - 79896095; 9599693 AB - Acceptance of new tests that are alternatives to currently used toxicology tests is a topic of considerable importance in the field of toxicology. Carcinogenicity testing today normally includes 2-year studies in rats and mice of both sexes, following widely accepted procedures for husbandry; selection of dose levels; pathology and toxicity observations; and statistical interpretation of tumor data. These studies are usually preceded by tests for genetic toxicity and subchronic toxicity studies to select dose levels for the 2-year studies. Although these data are used for quantitative risk assessment, the mechanistic basis for effects is usually unknown. The series of studies is very expensive and requires 5 years or more to conduct. Alternative approaches are being developed that would provide more mechanistic information and hopefully would permit decisions to be made about carcinogenic potential without the need to conduct 2-year studies in rats and mice of both sexes. Decisions could be based on a profile of data rather than on the result of one test. Procedures for regulatory acceptance of new approaches for carcinogenicity testing are critical to future progress. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Schwetz, B AU - Gaylor, D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. bschwetz@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 467 EP - 471 VL - 106 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Research Design -- trends KW - Government KW - Humans KW - Animal Welfare KW - Mice KW - Public Policy KW - Decision Making KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Animal Testing Alternatives KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79896095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Alternative+tests%3A+carcinogenesis+as+an+example.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+B%3BGaylor%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutagenesis. 1990 Jan;5(1):3-14 [2184307] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Jun;93:247-70 [1773796] Toxicol Pathol. 1992;20(1):52-60 [1411131] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101(5):444-5 [8119256] Mutagenesis. 1993 Nov;8(6):489-93 [8133777] Mutagenesis. 1994 Jan;9(1):7-15 [8208133] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Feb;24(2):247-59 [7737436] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Apr;25(2):130-45 [9185889] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1979 Nov;5(6):1095-118 [529342] Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Apr;50:321-7 [6873022] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1983 Jul-Aug;3(4):334-9 [6628896] Drug Metab Rev. 1984;15(3):409-13 [6489158] Environ Health Perspect. 1984 Dec;58:385-92 [6525993] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Aug;67:161-200 [3530736] Science. 1987 Apr 17;236(4799):271-80 [3563506] Risk Anal. 1986 Sep;6(3):283-90 [3602501] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Jun;72:305-9 [3622439] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes among U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 79887735; 9599711 AB - Some animal studies and some human studies suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may be associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. As part of a cross-sectional medical study comparing workers employed 15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two U.S. chemical plants with an unexposed comparison group, we examined the association between TCDD exposure and various cardiovascular outcomes. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. The workers had substantial exposure to TCDD, as demonstrated by significantly elevated mean serum TCDD concentration of 220 pg/g of lipid, compared with 7 pg/g of lipid among the referents. No significant association was found between TCDD exposure and any of the cardiovascular outcomes including myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and abnormal peripheral arterial flow. Although our study had sufficient statistical power to detect an elevated risk for cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and abnormal peripheral arterial flow, it had low power (approximately 50%) to detect an elevated risk for myocardial infarction and angina. Our review of the literature suggests that our negative findings are consistent with those from other cross-sectional medical studies. Although several mortality studies of TCDD-exposed cohorts found significantly increased risks for cardiovascular disease mortality, similar increased risks were not observed in other mortality studies. The data available do not provide definitive conclusions but indicate that further examination of the association between TCDD exposure and cardiovascular disease should be pursued. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Calvert, G M AU - Wall, D K AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 635 EP - 643 VL - 106 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79887735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cardiovascular+outcomes+among+U.S.+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BWall%2C+D+K%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;129(6):1187-200 [2729256] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(4):495-507 [3199460] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1990;62(2):139-57 [2139014] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Mar;48(3):173-8 [2015208] J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 5;267(28):19785-91 [1400292] Occup Environ Med. 1994 Jul;51(7):479-86 [8044248] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Dec 1;142(11):1165-75 [7485063] Arch Environ Health. 1996 Mar-Apr;51(2):100-7 [8638959] Epidemiology. 1996 Jul;7(4):352-7 [8793359] Epidemiology. 1997 May;8(3):252-8 [9115019] Arch Gewerbepathol Gewerbehyg. 1961;18:538-55 [13865861] JAMA. 1984 May 11;251(18):2372-80 [6231388] Naturwissenschaften. 1972 Apr;59(4):174-5 [5057571] Hautarzt. 1973 Apr;24(4):149-52 [4268286] Cesk Dermatol. 1974 Jun;49(3):145-57 [4276133] J Surg Res. 1975 Feb;18(2):177-80 [124365] J Occup Med. 1976 Mar;18(3):165-8 [1255276] Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1977 Oct;15(5):401-10 [413768] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1978 Nov;46(2):279-303 [734660] Lancet. 1979 Feb 24;1(8113):446-7 [84301] J Occup Med. 1980 Jan;22(1):11-4 [6444441] Arch Environ Health. 1981 Jan-Feb;36(1):5-11 [7469493] Med J Aust. 1981 Feb 7;1(3):140 [7219291] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Aug;40(3):318-24 [6871121] Am J Ind Med. 1984;5(3):161-82 [6142642] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):254-6 [6232943] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1986 Apr;12(2):97-107 [3726500] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Jul;89(3):408-17 [3603569] Anal Chem. 1987 Aug 1;59(15):2000-5 [3631519] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Dec;91(3):497-501 [3424379] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(3):905-9 [2829210] Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Jun 1;37(11):2247-53 [3288212] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Sep 15;95(2):175-84 [3420610] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;27(2):165-71 [2733058] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a limited sampling approach in pharmacokinetic studies: experience with the antiepilepsy drug tiagabine. AN - 79875783; 9590459 AB - A sparse sampling method is proposed to assess pharmacokinetic parameters after a single dose of the antiepilepsy drug tiagabine. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from two different pharmacokinetic studies were compared using sparse sampling (7 blood samples) with extensive sampling (15 to 16 blood samples). The results indicated that sparse blood samples taken at appropriate times can be used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters as accurately as extensive blood samples. In addition, a limited sampling model (LSM) was developed using samples from 10 subjects at two time points (6 and 8 hours). The model was validated in 40 subjects and provided good population mean estimates of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax). The sparse sampling method described here can be used to assess pharmacokinetic parameters in drug development provided a prior knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of a drug has been obtained from extensive sampling. Further, the LSM described here may be useful in estimating AUC and Cmax of tiagabine using two samples in clinical settings. The LSM approach described here can also be used to estimate AUC and Cmax of a drug in preclinical toxicokinetic studies without detailed pharmacokinetic studies. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Mahmood, I AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 324 EP - 330 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Nipecotic Acids KW - tiagabine KW - Z80I64HMNP KW - Index Medicus KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Adult KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Blood Specimen Collection -- methods KW - Anticonvulsants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nipecotic Acids -- blood KW - Nipecotic Acids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anticonvulsants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79875783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+limited+sampling+approach+in+pharmacokinetic+studies%3A+experience+with+the+antiepilepsy+drug+tiagabine.&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+I&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental radiation levels in central Florida's phosphate mining district. AN - 79837296; 9577751 AB - Environmental levels of radionuclides and gamma radiation were measured in two communities located near active phosphate mining areas in Florida. Activated carbon canisters and alpha track detectors were used to measure indoor air levels of radon in approximately 100 private homes. Elevated levels of radon (> 4 picocuries per liter [pCi/L]) were detected in 8 of 27 homes in a community built on reclaimed land that had been previously mined. In a nearby community built on unmined land, elevated levels of radon were detected in 1 of 69 homes. All of the homes with elevated levels of radon were built on concrete slabs. Outdoor gamma radiation levels were significantly greater in the reclaimed area than in the unmined area. Air particulates collected from outdoor ambient air at three locations did not contain elevated levels of radionuclides. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Orloff, K G AU - Nall, W AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Altanta, Georgia 30333, USA. KEO1.ATSDHA1.em.cdc.gov PY - 1998 SP - 207 EP - 212 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Phosphates KW - 0 KW - Radioactive Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Florida KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Radioactive Pollutants -- analysis KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79837296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Environmental+radiation+levels+in+central+Florida%27s+phosphate+mining+district.&rft.au=Orloff%2C+K+G%3BNall%2C+W&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sarcoidosis diagnoses among U.S. military personnel: trends and ship assignment associations. AN - 79825237; 9569217 AB - Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown cause that usually first involves the lungs. After the diagnosis of a deck grinder was changed from sarcoidosis to dust-induced lung disease by the VA, the Navy asked the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to determine if Navy work environments have been associated with lung diseases, some of which may have been reported as "sarcoidosis." Sarcoidosis-related associations were measured using a case-control approach involving the modern personnel database of the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC). Sarcoidosis incidence rates were also computed using total Navy manpower data, and previously published military data from the 1940s and 1950s were juxtaposed with current findings to gain a broader historical perspective. When reported sarcoidosis incidence rates from 1943 to 1993 are examined, an unexplained peak of military sarcoidosis rates appears in the 1960s and 1970s along with a decline in the black/white ratio of these rates from about 17:1 to 6:1. The case-control analyses reveal a decreased risk for sarcoidosis diagnoses among men who worked only on "clean ships." These findings suggest that sarcoidosis-like diseases in the military may be associated with environmental factors. To implement effective primary prevention, early detection, and treatment programs for sarcoidosis-like disease, these trends and work environment patterns need to be explained. Clinical studies of Vietnam-War-era veterans, which assess their work exposures and job activities in more detail, may identify preventable causes among this generation, which has a historically high rate of disease. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Jajosky, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 176 EP - 183 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - African Americans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Population Surveillance KW - Ships KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Sarcoidosis -- etiology KW - Military Personnel KW - Naval Medicine KW - Sarcoidosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79825237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Sarcoidosis+diagnoses+among+U.S.+military+personnel%3A+trends+and+ship+assignment+associations.&rft.au=Jajosky%2C+P&rft.aulast=Jajosky&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Threats to the validity of clinical trials employing enrichment strategies for sample selection. AN - 79805608; 9551282 AB - Subject selection and exclusion criteria employed in typical clinical effectiveness trials of investigational new drugs have two fundamental aims: (1) to ensure that patients entering a study are truly suffering from the condition the drug is intended to treat and (2) to maximize the likelihood that the study will detect an effect of the drug if, in fact, one exists. Typical protocol selection criteria not only specify exacting procedures for establishing and documenting the diagnosis of those recruited for a study but also seek to increase, relative to the prevalence in the general population, the proportion of individuals in the sample likely to respond to pharmacological treatment. Because it is ordinarily impossible to learn prior to extensive clinical experience with a new drug which, if any, patient characteristics reliably predict a consistent treatment response, strategies for sample "enrichment" typically operate by excluding patients (for example, those with very advanced and/or complicated illness, those with serious concomitant illness, those at the extremes of age, those with very mild illness, and so forth) in whom a dependable response to treatment seems unlikely on logical and/or generic grounds. Some studies use positive strategies for sample "enrichment." In studies evaluating drugs intended to treat recurrent episodes of psychiatric illnesses, many protocols recommend selective recruitment of patients with a history of meaningful positive responses to antipsychotic treatment during prior episodes. Sample selection procedures of these kinds impose limits on the generalizability of a study's results (i.e., external validity), but the use of nonrandom patient samples is ordinarily held to have no effect on the internal validity of the results. In short, studies employing highly selected patient samples are, despite their limited external validity, regularly accepted as valid sources of evidence bearing on a drug's effectiveness. There are exceptions, however; this paper describes one in which the use of a seemingly innocuous sample enrichment maneuver proved highly damaging to the ultimate credibility of an important multicenter trial. In particular, exposure to an experimental treatment during an open qualification phase may invalidate drug-placebo comparisons made during a later randomized, blinded, controlled phase. Our review of the trial also reveals that the enrichment maneuver employed probably failed to accomplish its intended aims, selecting patients whose improvements on the outcome variable may be as reasonably ascribed to chance as to drug effect. This is all the more surprising because the method of sample enrichment employed has much in common with those long recommended in the clinical trial literature. JF - Controlled clinical trials AU - Leber, P D AU - Davis, C S AD - Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 178 EP - 187 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0197-2456, 0197-2456 KW - Tacrine KW - 4VX7YNB537 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Alzheimer Disease -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Tacrine -- administration & dosage KW - Tacrine -- adverse effects KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Sampling Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Middle Aged KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Male KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Patient Selection KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79805608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Controlled+clinical+trials&rft.atitle=Threats+to+the+validity+of+clinical+trials+employing+enrichment+strategies+for+sample+selection.&rft.au=Leber%2C+P+D%3BDavis%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Leber&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Controlled+clinical+trials&rft.issn=01972456&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio vulnificus in Northern Gulf and Atlantic Coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica). AN - 79789887; 9546182 AB - This study investigated the temperature and salinity parameters associated with waters and oysters linked to food-borne Vibrio vulnificus infections. V. vulnificus was enumerated in oysters collected at three northern Gulf Coast sites and two Atlantic Coast sites from July 1994 through September 1995. Two of these sites, Black Bay, La., and Apalachicola Bay, Fla., are the source of the majority of the oysters implicated in V. vulnificus cases. Oysters in all Gulf Coast sites exhibited a similar seasonal distribution of V. vulnificus: a consistently large number (median concentration, 2,300 organisms [most probable number] per g of oyster meat) from May through October followed by a gradual reduction during November and December to 10(3) per g) were typically found in oysters from intermediate salinities (5 to 25 ppt). Smaller V. vulnificus numbers (< 10(2) per g) were found at salinities above 28 ppt, typical of Atlantic Coast sites. On 11 occasions oysters were sampled at times and locations near the source of oysters implicated in 13 V. vulnificus cases; the V. vulnificus levels and environmental parameters associated with these samples were consistent with those of other study samples collected from the Gulf Coast from April through November. These findings suggest that the hazard of V. vulnificus infection is not limited to brief periods of unusual abundance of V. vulnificus in Gulf Coast oysters or to environmental conditions that are unusual to Gulf Coast estuaries. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Motes, M L AU - DePaola, A AU - Cook, D W AU - Veazey, J E AU - Hunsucker, J C AU - Garthright, W E AU - Blodgett, R J AU - Chirtel, S J AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 1459 EP - 1465 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Index Medicus KW - Southeastern United States KW - Vibrio Infections -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Sodium Chloride -- analysis KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Water Microbiology KW - Vibrio -- pathogenicity KW - Ostreidae -- microbiology KW - Vibrio -- isolation & purification KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79789887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+water+temperature+and+salinity+on+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+Northern+Gulf+and+Atlantic+Coast+oysters+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29.&rft.au=Motes%2C+M+L%3BDePaola%2C+A%3BCook%2C+D+W%3BVeazey%2C+J+E%3BHunsucker%2C+J+C%3BGarthright%2C+W+E%3BBlodgett%2C+R+J%3BChirtel%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Motes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Oct;44(4):820-4 [7149714] J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Aug;35(8):2098-101 [9230389] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Mar;45(3):985-98 [6847190] J Infect Dis. 1984 Apr;149(4):558-61 [6725989] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jun;53(6):1349-51 [3606112] Ann Intern Med. 1988 Aug 15;109(4):261-3 [3293491] Ann Intern Med. 1988 Aug 15;109(4):318-23 [3260760] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Apr;57(4):1235-40 [2059045] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Feb;58(2):737-9 [1610197] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Oct;58(10):3257-62 [1444362] J Infect Dis. 1993 Feb;167(2):479-83 [8421186] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Aug;59(8):2425-9 [8368832] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Mar;60(3):984-8 [8161189] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Sep;60(9):3483-4 [7944379] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994 Oct;7(4):419-25 [7834599] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):717-24 [8593075] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Oct;62(10):3875-7 [8837445] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Dec;44(6):1466-70 [7159088] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type C retrovirus released from porcine primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells infects human cells. AN - 79758708; 9525633 AB - As part of the evaluation of porcine cells, tissues, and organs intended for transplantation into humans, we investigated the conditions required to induce expression and release of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PoEV) from primary cells. Pigs contain endogenous retroviral sequences encoding infectious retrovirus, yet little is known about the conditions required to activate the expression and release of PoEV from primary cells. We show here that mitogenic activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) miniature pig and the Yucatan pig resulted in the activation and release of an infectious type C retrovirus. Coculture of activated porcine PBMC with pig or human cell lines resulted in the transfer and expression of PoEV-specific sequences and the establishment of a productive infection. Sequence comparison of portions of the PoEV pol gene expressed in pig cell lines productively infected with virus derived from NIH miniature pig and Yucatan pig PBMC revealed marked similarity, suggesting that one or a few loci may be capable of being activated to yield an infectious virus. These findings demonstrate that the presence of endogenous viruses in source animals needs to be carefully considered when the infectious disease potential of xenotransplantation is being assessed. JF - Journal of virology AU - Wilson, C A AU - Wong, S AU - Muller, J AU - Davidson, C E AU - Rose, T M AU - Burd, P AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. wilsonc@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 3082 EP - 3087 VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Mitogens KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mitogens -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - HeLa Cells KW - Mink KW - Humans KW - Phytohemagglutinins -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Base Sequence KW - Chiroptera KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- virology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Gammaretrovirus -- physiology KW - Swine -- virology KW - Swine, Miniature -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79758708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Type+C+retrovirus+released+from+porcine+primary+peripheral+blood+mononuclear+cells+infects+human+cells.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+C+A%3BWong%2C+S%3BMuller%2C+J%3BDavidson%2C+C+E%3BRose%2C+T+M%3BBurd%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=3082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF033260; GENBANK; AF033259 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Dec;67(4):1914-7 [4395204] J Gen Virol. 1971 Feb;10(2):195-8 [4324256] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 May;69(5):1069-72 [4402535] Virology. 1974 Jan;57(1):175-8 [4362022] Virology. 1974 Jan;57(1):179-88 [4131953] Virology. 1974 Mar;58(1):65-74 [4132403] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2315-9 [49058] Virology. 1975 Aug;66(2):616-9 [50668] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):4090-4 [172895] Transplantation. 1976 Dec;22(6):559-67 [137560] Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1977 Mar;7(2):262-8 [16713] Arch Virol. 1992;123(3-4):255-65 [1373281] J Exp Med. 1992 Oct 1;176(4):1125-35 [1383375] Science. 1993 Feb 12;259(5097):946-51 [8438152] J Virol Methods. 1994 Jun;48(1):109-17 [7525623] J Virol. 1996 Feb;70(2):887-97 [8551628] J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):8241-6 [8892961] Nat Med. 1997 Mar;3(3):282-6 [9055854] J Virol. 1997 May;71(5):4138-44 [9094697] Nature. 1997 Oct 16;389(6652):681-2 [9338777] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] In Vitro. 1979 Nov;15(11):922-8 [232060] Int J Cancer. 1980 May 15;25(5):641-6 [6768682] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunologic findings among lead-exposed workers. AN - 79739056; 9513648 AB - A comprehensive panel of immune parameters was evaluated among 145 lead-exposed workers with a median blood lead level (BLL) of 39 micrograms/dL (range: 15-55 micrograms/dL) and 84 unexposed workers. After adjusting for covariates, we found no major differences in the percentage of CD3+ cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, or NK cells between lead-exposed and unexposed workers, although the association between lead exposure and the number of CD4+ T cells was modified by age. We also found no differences between exposed and unexposed workers in serum immunoglobulin levels, salivary IgA, C3 complement levels, or lymphoproliferative responses. However, among exposed workers, the percentage and number of B cells were positively associated with current BLL, serum IgG was negatively associated with cumulative lead exposure, and the percentage and number of CD4+/CD45RA+ cells were positively associated with cumulative lead exposure. We found no evidence of a marked immunotoxic effect of lead at the exposure levels studied, although some subtle differences in immunologic parameters were noted. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Pinkerton, L E AU - Biagini, R E AU - Ward, E M AU - Hull, R D AU - Deddens, J A AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Schnorr, T M AU - MacKenzie, B A AU - Luster, M I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 400 EP - 408 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Reference Values KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Erythrocyte Count KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Flow Cytometry KW - CD4-CD8 Ratio KW - Male KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Metallurgy KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79739056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Immunologic+findings+among+lead-exposed+workers.&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+L+E%3BBiagini%2C+R+E%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BHull%2C+R+D%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BBoeniger%2C+M+F%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and prostaglandin F2 alpha combination treatment on second messengers in cultured rat hepatocytes. AN - 69115935; 9875418 AB - Peroxisome proliferators induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and hepatic tumors in rodents. These chemicals increase the expression of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway and the cytochrome P-450 4A family, which metabolizes lipids, including eicosanoids. Peroxisome proliferators transiently induce increased cell proliferation in vivo. However, peroxisome proliferators are weakly mitogenic and are not co-mitogenic with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured hepatocytes. Earlier study found that the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate is comitogenic with eicosanoids. In order to study possible mechanisms of the comitogenicity of peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and eicosanoids, we hypothesized that the co-mitogenicity may result from synergistic or additive increases of second messengers in mitogenic signal pathways. We therefore examined the effect of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and the combination of ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha with or without growth factors on the protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) concentrations in cultured rat hepatocytes. The combination of ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha significantly increased particulate PKC activity. The combination of ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha also significantly increased EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and hepatic growth factor (HGF)-induced particulate PKC activity. The combination of ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha greatly increased [Ca2+]i. However, the increases of PKC activity and [Ca2+]i by ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha alone were much smaller. Neither ciprofibrate or PGF2 alpha alone nor the combination of ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha significantly increased the formation of IP3. The combination of ciprofibrate and PGF2 alpha, however, blocked the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on particulate PKC activity and formation of IP3 induced by EGF. These results show that co-mitogenicity of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and eicosanoids may result from the increase in particulate PKC activity and intracellular calcium concentration but not from the formation of IP3. JF - Archives of pharmacal research AU - Hong, J T AU - Yun, Y P AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 120 EP - 127 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0253-6269, 0253-6269 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Fibric Acids KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - Peroxisome Proliferators KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Inosine Triphosphate KW - 132-06-9 KW - Clofibric Acid KW - 53PF01Q249 KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Dinoprost KW - B7IN85G1HY KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - ciprofibrate KW - F8252JGO9S KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Inosine Triphosphate -- biosynthesis KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Clofibric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Second Messenger Systems -- drug effects KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Dinoprost -- pharmacology KW - Peroxisome Proliferators -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Clofibric Acid -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69115935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+peroxisome+proliferator+ciprofibrate+and+prostaglandin+F2+alpha+combination+treatment+on+second+messengers+in+cultured+rat+hepatocytes.&rft.au=Hong%2C+J+T%3BYun%2C+Y+P&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.issn=02536269&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roof and rib hazard assessment for underground stone mines AN - 16555678; 4392745 AB - From 1991 through 1995, 44 miners out of a total work force of less than 2,000 were fatally injured in the stone industry. Of these, 12 occurred at underground mining operations with nine deaths resulting from roof or rib falls. A safer environment can be achieved by evaluating the nature of the hazardous ground and by developing more efficient and effective ground-control strategies. Roof and rib conditions were observed and assessed in 33 underground stone mines in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Hazard assessment indicated that the ground failures that occurred under moderate to substantial overburden, i.e., >30 m (100 ft), were caused by stress concentrations and geologic structures. Ground failures near the surface are caused by solution (water) processes. Selection of the mining horizon and mine-layout decisions tremendously influence ground stability. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Iannacchione, A T AU - Prosser, L J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1998/04/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 01 SP - 76 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - stone industry KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Roof+and+rib+hazard+assessment+for+underground+stone+mines&rft.au=Iannacchione%2C+A+T%3BProsser%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Iannacchione&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Injuries; Mortality; Accidents; Occupational safety; Mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of katG in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with its growth and persistence in mice and guinea pigs AN - 16553383; 4355561 AB - The molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis are not well understood. The present study evaluated the role of catalase-peroxidase as a potential virulence factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Growth and persistence of M. tuberculosis H37Rv in intravenously infected BALB/c mice were compared with katG-deleted, isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis H37RvINH super(R). Transformation of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (TBkatG) or Mycobacterium intracellulare (MACkatG) genes into M. tuberculosis H37RvINH super(R) restored its catalase-peroxidase activities and the ability of the recombinants to persist in spleens of mice and guinea pigs. Transformation with the TBkatG gene with the codon 463 R arrow right L mutation also restored catalase-peroxidase activity and enhanced persistence. However, transformants with the codon 275 T arrow right P mutant expressed low levels of enzymatic activity and failed to persist in guinea pig spleen, although they did survive in mouse tissues. These results indicate that KatG contributes to the ability of M. tuberculosis to grow and survive within the infected host tissues. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Li, Zhongming AU - Kelley, C AU - Collins, F AU - Rouse, D AU - Morris, S AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, CBER/FDA, Building 29, Room 416, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 1030 EP - 1035 VL - 177 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - guinea-pigs KW - katG gene KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Tuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16553383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Expression+of+katG+in+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+is+associated+with+its+growth+and+persistence+in+mice+and+guinea+pigs&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhongming%3BKelley%2C+C%3BCollins%2C+F%3BRouse%2C+D%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhongming&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1030&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis; Virulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nationwide case-control study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the United States AN - 16522630; 4355552 AB - Risk factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection were investigated in a case-control study at 10 medical centers throughout the United States. Among 73 case-patients and 142 matched controls, exposures in the 7 days before illness associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection in univariate analysis included consumption of hamburger (matched odds ratio [MOR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-7.9), undercooked hamburger (MOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.6-12.2), or hot dogs (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4); eating at a fast-food restaurant (MOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6); drinking unchlorinated well water (MOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.7); swimming in a pond (MOR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.1-26.0); and having a household member with diarrhea (MOR, 11.9; 95% CI, 2.7-53.5). In multivariate analysis, only eating undercooked hamburger remained associated with infection. Seven (8%) of 93 patients developed hemolytic uremic syndrome and 1 died. Prevention strategies aimed at modifying risk factors may help to reduce the risk of infection with E. coli O157:H7. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Slutsker, L AU - Ries, A A AU - Maloney, K AU - Wells, J G AU - Greene, K D AU - Griffin, P M AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Mailstop A-38, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, lms5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 962 EP - 966 VL - 177 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Escherichia coli KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+nationwide+case-control+study+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infection+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Slutsker%2C+L%3BRies%2C+A+A%3BMaloney%2C+K%3BWells%2C+J+G%3BGreene%2C+K+D%3BGriffin%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Slutsker&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=962&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of isoquinoline, phenanthridine, phthalazine, quinazoline, and quinoxaline by Streptomyces viridosporus AN - 16483942; 4351432 AB - Streptomyces viridosporus T7A (ATCC 39115), during growth in tryptone/yeast extract broth, cometabolized five heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds. The metabolites produced from the azaarenes were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Isoquinoline was transformed to 1(2H)-isoquinolinone (14%), phenanthridine to 6(5H)-phenanthridinone (25%), phthalazine to 1(2H)-phthalazinone (46%), quinazoline to 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione (4%), and quinoxaline to 2(1H)-quinoxalinone (8%) and 1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (12%). JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AD - Division of Microbiology and Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jsutherland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 445 EP - 449 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - isoquinoline KW - mass spectrometry KW - phenanthridine KW - phthalazine KW - quinazoline KW - quinoxaline KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32370:Antibiotics and antitumor agents KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16483942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+isoquinoline%2C+phenanthridine%2C+phthalazine%2C+quinazoline%2C+and+quinoxaline+by+Streptomyces+viridosporus&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+J+B%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Therapeutic Applications of CpG-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotides AN - 16400194; 4310401 AB - Our laboratory and others have shown that DNA motifs consisting of an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide flanked by two 5' purines (optimally a GpA) and two 3' pyrimidines (optimally a TpC or TpT) stimulate the innate immune system. Hexamers bearing this sequence motif are approximately 20 times more common in microbial than mammalian DNA because of differences in the frequency of use and the methylation pattern of CpG dinucleotides in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes. The cytokines elicited by these motifs include interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon- gamma (INF- gamma ), which promote the development of Th1-dependent cytotoxic T cell responses, and IL-6, which promotes B cell activation and antibody secretion. This work provides an overview of how CpG-containing oligos may be harnessed to improve responses to DNA vaccines and conventional protein antigens, as well as to protect animals from intracellular pathogens. JF - Antisense and Nucleic Acid Drug Development AU - Klinman, D M AD - Building 29A, Room 3D10, Division of Viral Products, CBER/FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 181 EP - 184 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1087-2906, 1087-2906 KW - CpG oligonucleotides KW - cytokines KW - immune system KW - oigonucleotides KW - oligodeoxynucleotides KW - pyrimidines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W3 33385:DNA/RNA KW - N 14250:Biological properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16400194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antisense+and+Nucleic+Acid+Drug+Development&rft.atitle=Therapeutic+Applications+of+CpG-Containing+Oligodeoxynucleotides&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antisense+and+Nucleic+Acid+Drug+Development&rft.issn=10872906&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast cancer risk, meat consumption and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) genetic polymorphisms. AN - 79733683; 9506525 AB - Although inconsistencies exist, some studies have shown that meat consumption is associated with breast cancer risk. Several heterocyclic amines (HAs), formed in the cooking of meats, are mammary carcinogens in laboratory models. HAs are activated by polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) and rapid NAT2 activity may increase risk associated with HAs. We investigated whether ingestion of meat, chicken and fish, as well as particular concentrated sources of HAs, was associated with breast cancer risk, and if NAT2 genotype modified risk. Caucasian women with incident breast cancer (n = 740) and community controls (n = 810) were interviewed and administered a food frequency questionnaire. A subset of these women (n = 793) provided a blood sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine NAT2 genotype. Consumption of red meats, as well as an index of concentrated sources of HAs, was not associated with increased breast cancer risk, nor did risk vary by NAT2 genotype. In post-menopausal women, higher fish consumption was inversely associated with risk (odds ratio = 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.0); among pre-menopausal women, there was the suggestion of inverse associations between risk and pork and chicken intake. Our results suggest that consumption of meats and other concentrated sources of HAs is not associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, due to the strong biologic plausibility for a role of some HAs in mammary carcinogenesis, and the likely measurement error in evaluation of sources of HAs in this study, further studies of these possible relationships are warranted. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Freudenheim, J L AU - Sinha, R AU - Graham, S AU - Marshall, J R AU - Vena, J E AU - Laughlin, R AU - Nemoto, T AU - Shields, P G AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. cambrosone@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/03/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 16 SP - 825 EP - 830 VL - 75 IS - 6 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Meat KW - Cattle KW - Chickens KW - Risk Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Menopause KW - Breast Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79733683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Breast+cancer+risk%2C+meat+consumption+and+N-acetyltransferase+%28NAT2%29+genetic+polymorphisms.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C+B%3BFreudenheim%2C+J+L%3BSinha%2C+R%3BGraham%2C+S%3BMarshall%2C+J+R%3BVena%2C+J+E%3BLaughlin%2C+R%3BNemoto%2C+T%3BShields%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-03-16&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peroxidation of membrane lipids and oxidative DNA damage by fumonisin B1 in isolated rat liver nuclei. AN - 79822495; 9566705 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a contaminant of corn, has been reported to be a hepatocarcinogen in rats. In an attempt to understand its mechanisms of action, a model system of isolated rat liver nuclei was used to determine what effects, if any, FB1 might have on nuclear membrane lipids and DNA. The data suggested that FB1 induced lipid peroxidation concurrently with DNA strand breaks in this in vitro system. Iron and copper had no statistically significant stimulatory effects on these reactions. In addition, the active oxygen scavengers catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), mannitol and sodium azide had no significant inhibitory effects on the FB1-induced DNA strand breaks. However, a small but significant reduction in lipid peroxidation by catalase and mannitol was observed. These results suggested that hydroxyl radicals may be the initiators of the nuclear membrane lipid peroxidation, which results in production of peroxyl radicals. In turn, the peroxyl radicals may be responsible for the DNA strand breaks. An alternative explanation is that the hydroxyl radicals, produced close to the DNA-bound metal ions, may induce direct site-specific strand breaks, which are insensitive to the scavengers of active oxygen. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sahu, S C AU - Eppley, R M AU - Page, S W AU - Gray, G C AU - Barton, C N AU - O'Donnell, M W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1998/03/13/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 13 SP - 117 EP - 121 VL - 125 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Fumonisins KW - Membrane Lipids KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver KW - Male KW - DNA Damage KW - Membrane Lipids -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79822495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Peroxidation+of+membrane+lipids+and+oxidative+DNA+damage+by+fumonisin+B1+in+isolated+rat+liver+nuclei.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BGray%2C+G+C%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-13&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Issues in developing programs for uninsured children: a resource book for states AN - 59771040; 1998-0500720 AB - Describes programs developed in nine states to guarantee poor children health insurance; benefits offered, cost sharing, eligibility, outreach, provider issues, coordination with other programs, and other topics; 1990s; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Describes plans developed before enactment of Title XXI of the Social Security Act, which provides federal assistance to states to create health insurance coverage for poor children; California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York State, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Washington State. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, March 2 1998. Y1 - 1998/03/02/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 02 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Children -- Medical care KW - Poor -- Medical care KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Uninsured persons -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- United States KW - Medical service -- Federal aid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-03-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Issues+in+developing+programs+for+uninsured+children%3A+a+resource+book+for+states&rft.title=Issues+in+developing+programs+for+uninsured+children%3A+a+resource+book+for+states&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/reports/resource/introduction.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant activity of lazaroid (U-75412E) and its protective effects against crystalline silica-induced cytotoxicity. AN - 79811183; 9559864 AB - Lazaroids (21-amino steroids) are believed to be powerful scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Crystalline silica, a potent cytotoxic agent, causes pulmonary fibrosis in experimental animals and humans. ROS have been previously shown to be involved in crystalline silica-induced pulmonary injury and inflammation. In the present study, the reaction rate of lazaroid (U-75412E) with hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated by Fenton reaction (Fe(II) + H2O2 --> Fe(III) + OH- + .OH) was investigated using ESR spin-trapping competition reactions. The reaction rate constant was found to be 1.0 x 10(10) M(-1)s(-1), which was comparable with those of other efficient .OH radical scavengers. As indicators of crystalline silica-induced cytotoxicity and its protection by this antioxidant lazaroid (U-75412E) we measured lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide released from rat alveolar macrophages. Lipid peroxidation, a prominent manifestation of .OH radical-induced cell injury, was also measured to evaluate the protective value of lazaroid. Alveolar macrophages treated with lazaroid (U-75412E) before crystalline silica exposure were protected against cell injury and lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by those indicators. Lazaroid (U-75412E) scavenges .OH radicals generated by crystalline silica-mediated reaction from H2O2 and inhibits lipid peroxidation in macrophages induced by these particles. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Huang, S H AU - Leonard, S AU - Shi, X AU - Goins, M R AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. Y1 - 1998/03/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 01 SP - 529 EP - 536 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Spin Labels KW - Steroids KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances KW - U 75412E KW - 130590-09-9 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Animals KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Kinetics KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- chemistry KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Steroids -- pharmacology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79811183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+activity+of+lazaroid+%28U-75412E%29+and+its+protective+effects+against+crystalline+silica-induced+cytotoxicity.&rft.au=Huang%2C+S+H%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BShi%2C+X%3BGoins%2C+M+R%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedure for detecting and confirming pentobarbital residues in dog food by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 79801440; 9549069 AB - The method described detects and confirms presence of pentobarbital residues in dry, extruded feeds at concentrations of 5-20 ppb. Dried feed is ground to a uniform powder and shaken overnight in methanol. A portion of the methanolic extract is evaporated, and the residue is reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline. The aqueous extract is cleaned with a solid-phase extraction cartridge designed to extract barbiturate residues from biological matrixes. Dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and iodomethane are added to derivatize pentobarbital, 1,3-Dimethyl-pentobarbital is then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with isooctane. The organic layer is transferred and evaporated under a stream of nitrogen. The residue is reconstituted in a small volume of ethyl acetate for analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The limit of detection is approximately 0.7 ppb. The method was validated with pentobarbital-fortified feed samples containing high concentrations of meat and bone meal. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Adam, L A AU - Reeves, V B AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 359 EP - 367 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Dogs KW - Alkylation KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- analysis KW - Pentobarbital -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79801440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Procedure+for+detecting+and+confirming+pentobarbital+residues+in+dog+food+by+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Adam%2C+L+A%3BReeves%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overall false positive rates in tests for linear trend in tumor incidence in animal carcinogenicity studies of new drugs. AN - 79797816; 9547425 AB - Based on results of simulation and empirical studies conducted within the Divisions of Biometrics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, and in collaboration with the National Toxicology Program, the Center has recently changed the significance levels for testing positive linear trend in incidence rate for common and rare tumors, respectively, from 0.01 and 0.05 to 0.005 and 0.025. The overall false positive rate resulting from the use of this new rule in the tests for linear trend in a two-species-two-sex study is about 10%, the rate that is judged as the most appropriate in a regulatory setting by the Center. This paper describes two of the studies. JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Lin, K K AU - Rahman, M A AD - Division of Biometrics II, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 1 EP - 15; discussion 17-22 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79797816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=Overall+false+positive+rates+in+tests+for+linear+trend+in+tumor+incidence+in+animal+carcinogenicity+studies+of+new+drugs.&rft.au=Lin%2C+K+K%3BRahman%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - To use or not to use? Backward equations in stochastic carcinogenesis models. AN - 79790177; 9544530 AB - The method based on the Kolmogorov backward equations of Little (1995, Biometrics 51, 1278-1291) for computing hazard functions for the multistage carcinogenesis models fails when model parameters are time-dependent. In addition to suggesting an alternative method based on the Kolmogorov forward equation, this note highlights the interplay of the forward equation, the backward equation, and the characteristic method. Advantages and disadvantages of the forward and backward equations are discussed. JF - Biometrics AU - Zheng, Q AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. qzheng@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 384 EP - 388 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0006-341X, 0006-341X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biometry KW - Humans KW - Mutation KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Cell Survival KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79790177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrics&rft.atitle=To+use+or+not+to+use%3F+Backward+equations+in+stochastic+carcinogenesis+models.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrics&rft.issn=0006341X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Other food borne infections. AN - 79771154; 9532668 AB - This article presents an update of several emerging or reemerging pathogens: Yersinia, Cryptosporidia, Cyclospora, Brucella, and Mycobacterium. All of these zoonotic pathogens show evidence of food borne transmission. Yersiniosis is presented as an emerging pathogen that has as its major route of transmission preparation and consumption of pork products. New evidence is presented that supports the transmission of brucellosis via the food chain, especially through contaminated raw milk and cheese. While TB has limited transmission via raw milk, it is highlighted as a reemerging infection due to the development of multiple drug resistance. Public health veterinarians stand in an excellent position to recognize these emerging diseases and apply intervention strategies to prevent and control these infections in the future. This article is intended to raise their consciousness as to the management and medical practices that can diminish food borne transmission. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Miller, M A AU - Paige, J C AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 71 EP - 89 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eucoccidiida -- physiology KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Goats KW - Humans KW - Sheep KW - Cryptosporidium -- physiology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Brucella -- physiology KW - Yersinia -- physiology KW - Mycobacterium -- physiology KW - Cattle KW - Dogs KW - Brucellosis -- etiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- epidemiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- etiology KW - Coccidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Food Parasitology KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- etiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- prevention & control KW - Brucellosis -- epidemiology KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- prevention & control KW - Coccidiosis -- therapy KW - Food Microbiology KW - Yersinia Infections -- prevention & control KW - Brucellosis -- prevention & control KW - Coccidiosis -- etiology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79771154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Other+food+borne+infections.&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+A%3BPaige%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial food borne pathogens. Campylobacter jejuni. AN - 79769639; 9532665 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is the most common food borne bacterial pathogen and leading cause of food borne disease in humans in the United States and other industrialized nations. Approximately four million cases of human campylobacteriosis occur each year in the United States. Although the majority of cases consist of limited diarrheal illness, severe sequelae can affect a small portion of patients with campylobacteriosis that may include reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Animal reservoirs primarily include poultry (C. jejuni) and swine (C. coli). Pathogen reduction during poultry processing and safe handling of raw poultry in the kitchen are needed to prevent illness. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Swerdlow, D L AU - Stern, N J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 31 EP - 40 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - Cattle Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Water Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- physiopathology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- drug effects KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79769639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Microbial+food+borne+pathogens.+Campylobacter+jejuni.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L%3BStern%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Listeriosis. AN - 79769194; 9532671 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and is part of the normal flora of the distal portion of the intestinal tract of numerous animal species. Listeriosis is an emerging food borne disease that is responsible for approximately 1,700 cases of human illness each year and 650 deaths. Listeria is the cause of three main disease entities in animals and humans: neural, visceral, and reproductive. Clinical signs associated with the three forms are discussed along with diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and control. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Cooper, J AU - Walker, R D AD - Division of Human Food Safety, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 113 EP - 125 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Public Health KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Listeriosis -- physiopathology KW - Sheep Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Listeriosis -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79769194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Listeriosis.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+J%3BWalker%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food borne microbial pathogens of cultured aquatic species. AN - 79767324; 9532670 AB - This article provides a broad overview of microbial pathogens associated with marine and fresh water aquatic animals, including Vibrio species, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus iniae, Salmonella species, and Edwardsiella tarda. Historically, cultured fish were not considered important vectors of human pathogens. This situation is changing, partly due to increasing animal densities as a consequence of a rapidly growing industry and partly due to increasing awareness by health care providers of pathogens in aquatic species that may result in human illness. Concerns facing the industry are also discussed along with possible solutions. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Greenlees, K J AU - Machado, J AU - Bell, T AU - Sundlof, S F AD - Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 101 EP - 112 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Streptococcal Infections -- etiology KW - Enterococcus -- physiology KW - Vibrio Infections -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - Fish Diseases -- transmission KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- etiology KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- etiology KW - Plesiomonas -- physiology KW - Aeromonas -- physiology KW - Fishes -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Aquaculture KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79767324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Food+borne+microbial+pathogens+of+cultured+aquatic+species.&rft.au=Greenlees%2C+K+J%3BMachado%2C+J%3BBell%2C+T%3BSundlof%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Greenlees&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors in the emergence of food borne diseases. AN - 79766727; 9532663 AB - Food borne diseases are an important public health problem. Over the past two decades, the epidemiology of food borne diseases has changed rapidly as a consequence of changes in the social environment and the ability of pathogens to adapt to new niches. Several newly recognized pathogens have emerged and well-recognized pathogens have increased in prevalence or become associated with new food vehicles. Several factors have contributed to the changing patterns of food borne diseases, and addressing food borne diseases will require rapid surveillance and effective prevention strategies. This article examines these factors and briefly addresses prevention and control of food borne diseases. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Swerdlow, D L AU - Wells, S J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Travel KW - Demography KW - Humans KW - Food Handling KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Adaptation, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prevalence KW - Public Health KW - Gastroenteritis -- etiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- prevention & control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79766727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Factors+in+the+emergence+of+food+borne+diseases.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BSwerdlow%2C+D+L%3BWells%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial food borne pathogens. Salmonella. AN - 79766464; 9532664 AB - All food animals are susceptible to infection with Salmonella, a genus of gram negative, nonspore-forming, usually motile, facultative anaerobic bacilli belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella are differentiated into over 2200 serologically distinct types (serotypes) based on differences in somatic, flagellar, and capsular antigens. Infection with Salmonella may or may not lead to a sometimes fatal salmonellosis, a disease that can remain localized in the gastrointestinal tract as gastro-enteritis, or become generalized as a septicemia and affect several organ systems. Infected food animals that do not develop salmonellosis, and those that recover from the disease, become carriers of Salmonella and serve as sources of infection to humans and other animals. Apart from being a source of Salmonella food poisoning for humans, Salmonella-contaminated food animal carcasses are also a concern because they are a source of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Ekperigin, H E AU - Nagaraja, K V AD - Division of Animal Feeds, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 17 EP - 29 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Goat Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Goat Diseases -- etiology KW - Swine Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Goats KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Sheep Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sheep Diseases -- etiology KW - Swine Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology KW - Swine Diseases -- etiology KW - Sheep Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cattle KW - Cattle Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Goat Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Prevalence KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- etiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79766464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Microbial+food+borne+pathogens.+Salmonella.&rft.au=Ekperigin%2C+H+E%3BNagaraja%2C+K+V&rft.aulast=Ekperigin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure of casino employees to environmental tobacco smoke. AN - 79764210; 9531098 AB - Environmental and medical evaluations were performed to evaluate occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among casino employees. Air concentrations of both nicotine and respirable dust were similar to those published in the literature for other non-industrial indoor environments. The geometric mean serum cotinine level of the 27 participants who provided serum samples was 1.34 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (pre-shift) and 1.85 ng/mL (post-shift). Both measurements greatly exceeded the geometric mean value of 0.65 ng/mL for participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) who reported exposure to ETS at work. This evaluation demonstrates that a sample of employees working in a casino gaming area were exposed to ETS at levels greater than those observed in a representative sample of the US population, and that the serum and urine cotinine of these employees increased during the workshift. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Trout, D AU - Decker, J AU - Mueller, C AU - Bernert, J T AU - Pirkle, J AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 270 EP - 276 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Index Medicus KW - Cotinine -- urine KW - Gambling KW - Humans KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Cotinine -- blood KW - Middle Aged KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79764210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure+of+casino+employees+to+environmental+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Trout%2C+D%3BDecker%2C+J%3BMueller%2C+C%3BBernert%2C+J+T%3BPirkle%2C+J&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concentration- and time-dependent upregulation and release of the cytokines MIP-2, KC, TNF, and MIP-1alpha in rat alveolar macrophages by fungal spores implicated in airway inflammation. AN - 79717804; 9490662 AB - Inhalation of fungal spores has been shown to cause primary or secondary infection and respiratory inflammation and diseases such as allergic alveolitis, atopic asthma, and organic dust toxic syndrome, which are rarely reported in the absence of predisposing factors. Biochemical and molecular markers of inflammation were measured in rat bronchial alveolar lavage cells (> 95% macrophages) following stimulation with fungal spores isolated from pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi that have been implicated in airway inflammation. The results of this study demonstrate that mRNA transcripts for the C-X-C branch of the PF4 superfamily are differentially upregulated over those of the C-C mediators in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and KC were differentially upregulated over the acute phase inflammatory cytokines MIP-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in rat alveolar macrophages stimulated with fungal spores from Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus niger, Eurotium amstelodami, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Spores from Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium spinulosum failed to stimulate an increase of any cytokine mRNA, whereas those from Aspergillus fumigatus stimulated the upregulation of MIP-2, KC, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha mRNAs. Over time, A. fumigatus stimulated increasing KC production until 24 h, when production levels increased slightly, then leveled off when measurements ceased at 36 h. Latex spheres stimulated modest amounts of MIP-2 and transforming growth factor-beta only. These observations suggest that the inflammatory cytokines MIP-2 and KC may be involved in the inflammation arising from the inhalation of fungal spores in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Shahan, T A AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Paulauskis, J D AU - Morey, R AU - Lewis, D M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 435 EP - 440 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Chemokine CCL3 KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CCL4 KW - Chemokine CXCL2 KW - Chemokines KW - Chemotactic Factors KW - Cytokines KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins KW - Monokines KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - keratinocyte-derived chemokines KW - 147037-79-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Monokines -- genetics KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Inflammation KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Chemotactic Factors -- genetics KW - Chemotactic Factors -- biosynthesis KW - Up-Regulation KW - Monokines -- biosynthesis KW - Time Factors KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Spores, Fungal -- immunology KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79717804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Concentration-+and+time-dependent+upregulation+and+release+of+the+cytokines+MIP-2%2C+KC%2C+TNF%2C+and+MIP-1alpha+in+rat+alveolar+macrophages+by+fungal+spores+implicated+in+airway+inflammation.&rft.au=Shahan%2C+T+A%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BPaulauskis%2C+J+D%3BMorey%2C+R%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Shahan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbal medicines, phytoestrogens and toxicity: risk:benefit considerations. AN - 79710216; 9492351 AB - There are several suggested health benefits of phytoestrogens, particularly those found in soy products. Herbal medicines are also widely thought to confer health benefits. Additionally, drugs are prescribed to improve human health, but unlike phytoestrogens and herbal medicines, toxicities are defined in experimental animals and monitored in humans before and after marketing. Knowledge of toxicity is crucial to decrease the risk:benefit ratio; this knowledge defines appropriate conditions for use and strategies for development of safer products. However, our awareness of the toxicity of herbal medicines and phytoestrogen-containing foods is dramatically limited compared to drugs. Some aspects of the toxicity of herbal medicines are briefly reviewed; it is concluded that virtually all of our knowledge is derived from human exposures leading to acute toxicities. Importantly, detection of toxicity is sporadic, and little information is available from prior animal experimentation. Additionally, well-organized monitoring of human populations (as occurs for drugs) is virtually nonexistent. Important toxicities with long latencies are particularly difficult to associate with a causative agent during or even after large scale exposures, as exemplified by tobacco smoking and lung cancer; estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer; diethylstilbestrol and reproductive tract cancers; and fetal alcohol exposure and birth defects. These considerations suggest that much closer study in experimental animals and human populations exposed to phytoestrogen-containing products, and particularly soy-based foods, is necessary. Among human exposures, infant soy formula exposure appears to provide the highest of all phytoestrogen doses, and this occurs during development, often the most sensitive life-stage for induction of toxicity. Large, carefully controlled studies in this exposed infant population are a high priority. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Sheehan, D M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, DHHS, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 379 EP - 385 VL - 217 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Isoflavones KW - Phytoestrogens KW - Plant Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Soybeans KW - Plants, Medicinal -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79710216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Herbal+medicines%2C+phytoestrogens+and+toxicity%3A+risk%3Abenefit+considerations.&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the seminar on responding to the consequences of chemical and biological terrorism AN - 38605629; 1769644 JF - Politics and the life sciences AU - Cole, Leonard A AU - Cole, Leonard A Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 77 EP - 78 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0730-9384, 0730-9384 KW - Political Science KW - Sociology KW - Chemical weapons KW - Biological weapons KW - Terrorism KW - U.S.A. UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38605629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politics+and+the+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+seminar+on+responding+to+the+consequences+of+chemical+and+biological+terrorism&rft.au=Cole%2C+Leonard+A&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Politics+and+the+life+sciences&rft.issn=07309384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 12686 13325; 1612 13501 1304 7805 3198 1077; 2174 13504 13501 1304 7805 3198 1077; 433 293 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incidence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Clostridium botulinum in smoked fish and shellfish AN - 16543160; 4350631 AB - The frequency of occurrence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Clostridium botulinum in samples of smoked finfish and smoked shellfish was analyzed over a 5-year period. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 14% of 1,080 samples. For those samples where the smoke process was known, the incidence of L. monocytogenes was higher in cold-smoked than hot-smoked products (51 of 240 cold-smoked compared to 19 of 215 hot-smoked products). Listeria species other than L. monocytogenes were also detected (in 7.2% of cold-smoked and 3.8% of hot-smoked products). The time and temperature smoke processing guidelines are reviewed for a few state authorities. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 15.2% of the 559 samples of foreign origin. There were four countries for which more than 70 samples were analyzed: Canada, Norway, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom. The occurrence of L. monocytogenes in samples from these four countries was 14.3%, 23.7%, 0%, and 16.1%, respectively. The 521 samples originating in the United States were processed by 194 plants. Thirty-seven plants in 13 states produced contaminated product. Salmonella species were isolated from 5 (3.2%) of 156 samples tested for this organism. All positive samples were of foreign origin (4 from the Philippines and 1 from the United Kingdom). No C. botulinum spores were detected in any of the 201 vacuum-packed samples tested for this organism. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Heinitz, M L AU - Johnson, J M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 240 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55401-1999, USA, gvl@cu.nih.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 318 EP - 323 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Listeria KW - Salmonella KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - Quality control KW - Frequency KW - Seafood KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+Listeria+spp.%2C+Salmonella+spp.%2C+and+Clostridium+botulinum+in+smoked+fish+and+shellfish&rft.au=Heinitz%2C+M+L%3BJohnson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Heinitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Listeria; Salmonella; Quality control; Food contamination; Public health; Microbial contamination; Seafood; Frequency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aedes albopictus and the world trade in used tires, 1988-1995: The shape of things to come? AN - 16536475; 4350716 AB - In the decade since used tires were identified as the mode of introduction of Aedes albopictus to the United States, similar infestations have been reported from 10 other countries in the Americas and 2 in Europe. Millions of used tires are still being traded throughout the world and although a few governments have implemented inspection procedures to prevent further introductions, these are unlikely to be effective. Further introductions of mosquitoes of potential public health significance are inevitable. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Reiter, P AD - Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00921-3200, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 83 EP - 94 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Diptera KW - Europe KW - Forest day mosquito KW - Mosquitoes KW - North America KW - South America KW - USA KW - used tires KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16536475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Aedes+albopictus+and+the+world+trade+in+used+tires%2C+1988-1995%3A+The+shape+of+things+to+come%3F&rft.au=Reiter%2C+P&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food labeling in Germany including European Union aspects AN - 16449896; 4351711 AB - With increasing globalization of the food industry in mind, the authors survey German laws and regulations and European Union Directives related to food labeling. JF - Food Technology AU - Sehat, N AU - Niedwetzki, G AD - Office of Food Labeling, Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 VL - 52 IS - 3 KW - European Union KW - Germany KW - labeling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16449896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Technology&rft.atitle=Food+labeling+in+Germany+including+European+Union+aspects&rft.au=Sehat%2C+N%3BNiedwetzki%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sehat&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer risks among workers exposed to metalworking fluids: A systematic review AN - 16426176; 4329320 AB - Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are commonly used in a variety of industrial machining and grinding operations. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that more than one million workers are exposed to MWFs. NIOSH conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the epidemiologic studies that examined the association between MWF exposure and cancer. Substantial evidence was found for an increased risk of cancer at several sites (larynx, rectum, pancreas, skin, scrotum, and bladder) associated with at least some MWFs used prior to the mid-1970s. This paper provides the evidence pertaining to cancer at these sites. Cancer at those sites found to have more limited or less consistent evidence for an association with MWF (stomach, esophagus, lung, prostate, brain, colon, and hematopoietic system) will not be discussed in this paper but are discussed in the recent NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard-Occupational Exposure to MWFs. Because the changes in MWF composition that have occurred over the last several decades may not be sufficient to eliminate the cancer risks associated with MWF exposure, reductions in airborne MWF exposures are recommended. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Ward, E AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Fine, L J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 282 EP - 292 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - metal-working fluids KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16426176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+risks+among+workers+exposed+to+metalworking+fluids%3A+A+systematic+review&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BWard%2C+E%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BFine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work schedule and task factors in upper-extremity fatigue AN - 16397546; 4310962 AB - We tested the combined effects of work schedule and task factors on upper-extremity fatigue in the laboratory during 8-h and 12-h shift schedules. Participants performed a simulated manual assembly task at three repetition rates and three torque loads and self-adjusted their work cycle duration to maintain fatigue at moderate levels. Work cycle durations decreased with increases in both load level and repetition rate. Fatigue was observed more quickly with increasing time on shifts and during night shifts compared with day shifts. Work schedule effects were most apparent at lighter workloads, with minimal differences at higher workloads. The highest fatigue levels were observed during 12-h night shifts, with similar levels reached by the end of both the week of 8-h night shifts and the week of 12-h day shifts. Overall durations were 20%-30% shorter than in previous short-term studies, which was likely a result of the more realistic work schedules used in this study. Results from this study could be applied to the design of work-rest schedules for manual tasks involving the upper extremities. JF - Human Factors AU - Rosa, R R AU - Bonnet, M H AU - Cole, L L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 150 EP - 158 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0018-7208, 0018-7208 KW - fatigue KW - occupational health KW - shift work KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16397546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Factors&rft.atitle=Work+schedule+and+task+factors+in+upper-extremity+fatigue&rft.au=Rosa%2C+R+R%3BBonnet%2C+M+H%3BCole%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Factors&rft.issn=00187208&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the health hazard associated with the use of smoke tubes in healthcare facilities AN - 16379272; 4297643 AB - Of particular concern to facilities engineers and healthcare workers is the evaluation of air flow patterns in or near a respiratory isolation room and negative pressure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended the use of smoke tubes for this purpose in the second edition of Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities, 1994. This article provides an assessment of the potential for patient and healthcare worker exposure to hazardous levels of acid mist when smoke tubes are used to monitor negative pressure. Three brands of smoke tubes (Sensidyne, MSA, and Draeger) were initially investigated. In a benchtop experiment, air was pushed in 30-ml increments through a smoke tube and into 10 ml of deionized water in a scintillation vial. The hydrogen ion concentration of the solution was measured and the generation rate of acid mist was estimated to be 3.3 mg per 30-ml squeeze. The quantity of hydrochloric acid (9.8 mg) from three 30-ml puffs through Sensidyne smoke tubes would need to be diluted by an air volume of at least 1.4 m super(3) to be below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ceiling limit of 7 mg/m super(3). Because of the equivalency of acid mist generation rate by the three brands of smoke tubes, only Sensidyne air flow indicator tubes (0501) were used in the subsequent study to evaluate the dispersion of hydrochloric acid mist into an experimental room. Three smoke generation rates were evaluated in duplicate. Smoke was generated by pushing air either through one or three Sensidyne smoke tubes using a personal sampling pump at a nominal flow rate of 50 ml/min or through one Sensidyne smoke tube using six 30-ml puffs of the aspirator. The acid mist was directed under the door to the experimental room. Air samples were collected at ten locations. When six 30-ml puffs of air were pushed through a Sensidyne smoke tube and directed under the door to the experimental room, the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid averaged 0.34 mg/m super(3) (0.23 ppm) at a distance of 0.68 m (2.2 ft) from the door. Caution should be exercised to prevent inhalation of concentrated acid mist because particles in this size range (0.38 to 0.63 mu m) will penetrate deep into the lungs. Also, because of its irritant properties, the amount of smoke needed to verify negative pressure or air flow patterns should be minimized. While the acid mist dissipated extremely fast under these experimental conditions, consideration of the smoke's irritant properties and a hospital patient's respiratory condition must be weighed. In all cases, whenever smoke tubes are used in the indoor environment, dilution of the mist must be provided. JF - Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Jensen, P A AU - Hayden, CS II AU - Burroughs, GE AU - Hughes, R T AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4676 Columbia Parkway-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 172 EP - 176 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - man KW - smoke tubes KW - Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16379272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+health+hazard+associated+with+the+use+of+smoke+tubes+in+healthcare+facilities&rft.au=Jensen%2C+P+A%3BHayden%2C+CS+II%3BBurroughs%2C+GE%3BHughes%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of previously assigned antibody concentrations in pneumococcal polysaccharide reference serum 89SF by the method of cross-standardization AN - 16351124; 4318933 AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the antibody concentrations assigned to different pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide types were used to estimate concentrations of antibody to additional pneumococcal types in reference serum 89SF and to confirm assigned antibody values. This was possible because the slopes of curves of antibody binding to all polysaccharide types evaluated (1, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) were similar. The point estimates for total anti-pneumococcal antibody and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody determined by cross-standardization by an ELISA based on use of methylated human serum albumin (mHSA) to improve the efficiency of polysaccharide binding to the ELISA plate differed by less than 40% from those reported by Quataert et al. (Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 2:590-597, 1995) for types 1, 4, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, and 23F. However, large differences were found between the assigned values and those obtained by our mHSA ELISA for types 3 and 19F. The mHSA ELISA and the direct polysaccharide coat ELISA may not measure antibodies to the same epitopes on polysaccharides of types 3 and 19F. The functional importance of these different antibody specificities is being investigated. We have thus confirmed the assigned IgG antibody values for most types by a different method and have extended antibody assignments to several additional types. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Concepcion, N AU - Frasch, CE AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Mailstop HFM-428, Rockville, MD 20853, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - antibodies KW - capsules KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06720:ELISA KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16351124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+previously+assigned+antibody+concentrations+in+pneumococcal+polysaccharide+reference+serum+89SF+by+the+method+of+cross-standardization&rft.au=Concepcion%2C+N%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Concepcion&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of cells at the site of DNA vaccination to the generation of antigen-specific immunity and memory AN - 16265611; 4273025 AB - Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination stimulates an immune response characterized by the activation of IgG-secreting B cells and IFN- gamma -secreting T cells. To monitor the contribution of cells at the site of vaccination to this process, transfected skin was periodically removed and grafted onto naive recipients. Immediate removal of vaccinated skin abrogated the development of an immune response. Low-level IgG production was stimulated when the vaccination site was left in place for greater than or equal to 5 h, with the strength of this response increasing the longer the site remained intact (for up to 2 wk). Measurable primary T cell responses were observed in animals whose vaccination site remained in place for greater than or equal to 1 day. Skin grafts transferred 0 to 24 h postvaccination stimulated a primary immune response in naive recipients. Memory B and T cells were generated in animals whose site of vaccination remained intact for 5 to 12 h. Skin transferred within 12 h of vaccination triggered memory B and T cell development in graft recipients, while the removal of skin >12 h postvaccination did not reduce memory in vaccinated mice. These findings suggest that 1) primary immunity is induced by cells that migrate rapidly from the site of immunization, 2) nonmigratory cells influence the magnitude of this primary response, and 3) migratory cells alone are responsible for the induction of immunologic memory. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Klinman, D M AU - Sechler, JMG AU - Conover, J AU - Gu, Mili AU - Rosenberg, A S AD - Bldg. 29A, Rm. 3 D 10, Division of Viral Products, CBER/FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 2388 EP - 2392 VL - 160 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - DNA vaccines KW - memory cells KW - skin KW - vaccines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+cells+at+the+site+of+DNA+vaccination+to+the+generation+of+antigen-specific+immunity+and+memory&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BSechler%2C+JMG%3BConover%2C+J%3BGu%2C+Mili%3BRosenberg%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Poverty guidelines: research and measurement T2 - Federal Register v. 63, no. 36 AN - 59772116; 1998-0501450 AB - Update of the HHS poverty guidelines to account for the 1997 increase in prices as measured by the Consumer Price Index; effective Feb. 17, 1998; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, February 24 1998. Y1 - 1998/02/24/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 24 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Poverty -- Measurement KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Poverty+guidelines%3A+research+and+measurement&rft.title=Poverty+guidelines%3A+research+and+measurement&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/98fedreg.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic polymorphisms in human liver phenol sulfotransferases involved in the bioactivation of N-hydroxy derivatives of carcinogenic arylamines and heterocyclic amines. AN - 79824916; 9566748 AB - Three related forms of phenol sulfotransferase (PSULT), thermostable ST1A2 (SULT1A2hum) and ST1A3 (SULT1A1hum) and a thermolabile TL-PST (SULT1A3hum), are known to exist in human livers. Thermostable forms, whose activities are polymorphically distributed, have been shown to mediate the bioactivation of carcinogenic N-hydroxy arylamines and heterocyclic amines. To clarify the nature of the sulfation polymorphism, the study compared the expressed levels of ST1A2, ST1A3 and TL-PST mRNAs in human livers by the method of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), utilizing HindIII, BamHI and SnaBI sites which were unique to the above PSULT cDNAs, respectively. Of the PCR products derived from human liver (n = 26), 43-89, < 1-29 and < 1-21% showed the restriction pattern characteristic for ST1A3, ST1A2 and TL-PST cDNAs, respectively, thus indicating that ST1A3 mRNA is the major transcript. Hepatic p-nitrophenol and dopamine sulfation rates ranged from 440-2670 and < 5-460 pmol/min per mg protein in the 26 individuals, respectively. The observed differences in the ST1A3 and TL-PST mRNA levels were consistent with the differences in p-nitrophenol and dopamine sulfations. Relative levels of hepatic ST1A3 mRNA were non-normally distributed and correlated significantly with p-nitrophenol sulfation. In addition, variant forms of ST1A3 mRNA encoding Arg213His and Met223Val were detected in human livers. With regard to Arg213His, 28 individuals who had homozygous 213Arg alleles, 15 individuals who were heterozygotes and nine homozygous 213His individuals were found by a newly established genotyping method among 52 human liver samples. Frequency of 223Val allele was apparently lower than that of 213His allele, as no homozygous 223Val individual and only three individuals who were heterozygotes (223Met/Val) were observed among 52 individuals. These results suggest that regulation of p-nitrophenol sulfation occurs at the level of gene transcription of ST1A3 which is the major transcript of the three PSULT mRNAs and that a polygenic basis for the apparent genetic polymorphism of sulfation was likely because of the existence of ST1A3 variants. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Ozawa, S AU - Tang, Y M AU - Yamazoe, Y AU - Kato, R AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 1998/02/20/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 20 SP - 237 EP - 248 VL - 109 IS - 1-3 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Isoenzymes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Arylsulfotransferase KW - EC 2.8.2.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Arylsulfotransferase -- metabolism KW - Arylsulfotransferase -- genetics KW - Amines -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79824916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Genetic+polymorphisms+in+human+liver+phenol+sulfotransferases+involved+in+the+bioactivation+of+N-hydroxy+derivatives+of+carcinogenic+arylamines+and+heterocyclic+amines.&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+S%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BYamazoe%2C+Y%3BKato%2C+R%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Ozawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-02-20&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Children's health insurance expansions: state experiences in developing benefit packages and cost-sharing arrangements AN - 59773147; 1998-0501370 AB - Describes programs to improve children's access to health services, either through expanded Medicaid programs or through stand-alone insurance; 1980s-90s; nine US states. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Expanded Medicaid coverage in Tennessee, Washington State, and Minnesota; insurance coverage for preventive health services in Colorado, California, Massachusetts, New York State, Florida, and Pennsylvania. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, February 17 1998. Y1 - 1998/02/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 17 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Children -- Medical care KW - Medicaid program -- United States KW - Cost sharing -- United States KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Medical service -- Finance KW - State government -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59773147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Children%27s+health+insurance+expansions%3A+state+experiences+in+developing+benefit+packages+and+cost-sharing+arrangements&rft.title=Children%27s+health+insurance+expansions%3A+state+experiences+in+developing+benefit+packages+and+cost-sharing+arrangements&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/reports/benefits/toc.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to tumorigenicity induced by dimethylnitrosamine and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine in the neonatal bioassay. AN - 79719691; 9500198 AB - Male C57BL/6 neonates were treated on days 8 and 15 with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP, 6.5 or 26.2 mg/kg) or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN, 2.6 or 10.5 mg/kg). No tumors were seen in PhIP-treated animals at 15 months of age. Liver and lung tumor incidences in DMN-treated animals were 67-79 and 0-7%, respectively. In comparison with data from other strains, our results indicate that (1) neonatally-treated C57BL/6 mice are resistant to the induction of liver and lung tumors by PhIP and lung tumors by DMN and (2) the susceptibility of this strain to induced liver tumors correlates with the activity of hepatic DMN N-demethylase and PhIP N-hydroxylase in the (untreated) neonates. JF - Cancer letters AU - Dass, S B AU - Hammons, G J AU - Bucci, T J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/02/13/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 13 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Lung Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- toxicity KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79719691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+C57BL%2F6+mice+to+tumorigenicity+induced+by+dimethylnitrosamine+and+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo+%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+in+the+neonatal+bioassay.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+B%3BHammons%2C+G+J%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-02-13&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemicals mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 but not in TA100 AN - 16206760; 4277314 AB - The standard Salmonella mutagenicity test uses two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535 and TA100) containing the same base pair substitution mutation (hisG46). These strains differ only in that strain TA100 contains the plasmid pKM101, whose mucAB gene products enhance SOS mutagenesis. This makes strain TA100, in general, the more sensitive of the two for mutagen detection, raising the question as to whether or not to include strain TA1535 in the core battery of strains in routine testing. Out of 659 chemicals judged as mutagens in the S. typhimurium assay when subjected to the National Toxicology Program's screening protocol, 36 (5%) were evaluated as positive in strain TA1535 but not in strain TA100. Of these, 23 were judged as negative and 13 as equivocal in strain TA100, and 5 were positive or equivocal in at least one other strain (TA97 or TA98). In general, the data on these chemicals indicate that the absolute increases in revertants per plate induced in strain TA1535 were too small to have been judged as positive if similar increases occurred in strain TA100, which has a much higher spontaneous background. For three chemicals (acetaldehyde oxime, 6-mercaptopurine, and 1,3-butadiene) the absolute increases in revertants in strain TA1535 greatly exceeded those in strain TA100. Evaluation of the reproducibility of these findings and of the mechanisms and relevance of unique TA1535 positives should be useful when decisions are made as to whether this strain should be kept as a part of the core battery of strains in the S. typhimurium assay. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Prival, MJ AU - Zeiger, E AD - Genetic Toxicology Branch (HFS-236), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/02/13/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 13 SP - 251 EP - 260 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 412 IS - 3 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - 1,3-Butadiene KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - 6-mercaptopurine KW - acetaldoxime KW - assays KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16206760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Chemicals+mutagenic+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+strain+TA1535+but+not+in+TA100&rft.au=Prival%2C+MJ%3BZeiger%2C+E&rft.aulast=Prival&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-02-13&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tolerance of diverse amino acid substitutions at conserved positions in the nuclear export signal (NES) of HIV-1 Rev. AN - 79696890; 9473489 AB - The effector domain of the Rev protein is a nuclear export signal (NES) that is responsible for transporting Rev and its bound congeners out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. Previous work has identified several critical residues in the NES and has led to the belief that NESs of the Rev type are necessarily leucine rich. Here we present the sequences of a large number of functional Rev molecules with NES mutations. The data indicate a previously unreported diversity in allowable residues at a number of positions, including each of the leucine residues previously considered essential. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Zhang, M J AU - Dayton, A I AD - Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1998/02/04/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 04 SP - 113 EP - 116 VL - 243 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Gene Products, rev KW - 0 KW - rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus KW - Leucine KW - GMW67QNF9C KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Cell Nucleus -- virology KW - Conserved Sequence KW - COS Cells KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Leucine -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Biological Transport, Active KW - HIV-1 -- metabolism KW - HIV-1 -- genetics KW - Gene Products, rev -- metabolism KW - Gene Products, rev -- genetics KW - Gene Products, rev -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79696890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Tolerance+of+diverse+amino+acid+substitutions+at+conserved+positions+in+the+nuclear+export+signal+%28NES%29+of+HIV-1+Rev.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+M+J%3BDayton%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-04&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 79676102; 9459455 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998/02/04/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 04 SP - 346 VL - 279 IS - 5 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - Heparinoids KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes KW - Mibefradil KW - 27B90X776A KW - Heparin KW - 9005-49-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Drug Labeling KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- contraindications KW - Hematoma -- etiology KW - Anesthesia, Spinal -- adverse effects KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes -- contraindications KW - Benzimidazoles -- adverse effects KW - Anesthesia, Epidural -- adverse effects KW - Heparin -- adverse effects KW - Spinal Puncture -- adverse effects KW - Benzimidazoles -- contraindications KW - Anticoagulants -- adverse effects KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- adverse effects KW - Heparinoids -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tetrahydronaphthalenes -- adverse effects KW - Advertising as Topic -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79676102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-02-04&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: JAMA 1998 Mar 25;279(12):913 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic information in the workplace AN - 839124939; 1709490 JF - Labor law journal Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 867 EP - 876 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0023-6586, 0023-6586 KW - Sociology KW - Political Science KW - Genetics KW - Labour policy KW - Discrimination KW - Labour law KW - U.S.A. KW - Biotechnology KW - Work place UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839124939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Labor+law+journal&rft.atitle=Genetic+information+in+the+workplace&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Labor+law+journal&rft.issn=00236586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 7154 7253; 5460 1615 8573 11325; 13673 4214; 1626 12622; 3612 3549 2688 2449 10404; 7170 7584 3977 5574 10472 11888; 433 293 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The amino-terminal Src homology 2 domain of phospholipase C gamma 1 is essential for TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma 1. AN - 79830545; 9570517 AB - TCR engagement activates phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) via a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. PLC gamma 1 contains a pair of Src homology 2 (SH2) domains whose function is that of promoting protein interactions by binding phosphorylated tyrosine and adjacent amino acids. The role of the PLC gamma 1 SH2 domains in PLC gamma 1 phosphorylation was explored by mutational analysis of an epitope-tagged protein transiently expressed in Jurkat T cells. Mutation of the amino-terminal SH2 domain (SH2(N) domain) resulted in defective tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1 in response to TCR/CD3 perturbation. In addition, the PLC gamma 1 SH2(N) domain mutant failed to associate with Grb2 and a 36- to 38-kDa phosphoprotein (p36-38), which has previously been recognized to interact with PLC gamma 1, Grb2, and other molecules involved in TCR signal transduction. Conversely, mutation of the carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain (SH2(C) domain) did not affect TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1. Furthermore, binding of p36-38 to PLC gamma 1 was not abrogated by mutations of the SH2(C) domain. In contrast to TCR/CD3 ligation, treatment of cells with pervanadate induced tyrosine phosphorylation of either PLC gamma 1 SH2(N) or SH2(C) domain mutants to a level comparable with that of the wild-type protein, indicating that pervanadate treatment induces an alternate mechanism of PLC gamma 1 phosphorylation. These data indicate that the SH2(N) domain is required for TCR-induced PLC gamma 1 phosphorylation, presumably by participating in the formation of a complex that promotes the association of PLC gamma 1 with a tyrosine kinase. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Stoica, B AU - DeBell, K E AU - Graham, L AU - Rellahan, B L AU - Alava, M A AU - Laborda, J AU - Bonvini, E AD - Laboratory of Immunobiology, OTRR, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/02/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Feb 01 SP - 1059 EP - 1066 VL - 160 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing KW - 0 KW - GRB2 Adaptor Protein KW - GRB2 protein, human KW - Isoenzymes KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Proteins KW - Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - pervanadate KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Arginine KW - 94ZLA3W45F KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Phospholipase C gamma KW - EC 3.1.4.3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- metabolism KW - Phosphoproteins -- genetics KW - Vanadates -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation -- drug effects KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cattle KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- genetics KW - Arginine -- genetics KW - Protein Binding -- genetics KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - src Homology Domains -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- physiology KW - Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell -- physiology KW - src Homology Domains -- immunology KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Type C Phospholipases -- physiology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - src Homology Domains -- drug effects KW - Type C Phospholipases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79830545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=The+amino-terminal+Src+homology+2+domain+of+phospholipase+C+gamma+1+is+essential+for+TCR-induced+tyrosine+phosphorylation+of+phospholipase+C+gamma+1.&rft.au=Stoica%2C+B%3BDeBell%2C+K+E%3BGraham%2C+L%3BRellahan%2C+B+L%3BAlava%2C+M+A%3BLaborda%2C+J%3BBonvini%2C+E&rft.aulast=Stoica&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1059&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infrared microspectroscopic imaging of the cerebellum of normal and cytarabine treated rats. AN - 79807628; 9551635 AB - Conventionally, the diagnosis of neuropathology in a subject requires the identification of a behavioral modification, which provides direction for appropriate histological analyses. However, since the ultimate diagnosis of the pathology largely depends on the initial choice of histological tests, the opportunity exists for inaccurate or insensitive results. An innovative approach using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging to diagnose neuropathology should prove useful. This novel method monitors and visualizes the underlying chemistry of the tissue, based on hundreds of vibrational absorption bands that are intrinsic to the sample. As such, it makes no prior assumptions as to the type or degree of pathology. Using this technique, we have spectroscopically imaged cerebellar tissue slices from rats [control subjects and subjects treated with the antineoplastic drug, cytarabine (Ara-C)], and have been able to correlate lipid and protein distributions within distinct cell types in the cerebellum. A further benefit of the technique is that it simultaneously records tens of thousands of independent spectra from different spatial locations within the sample. Thus, a variety of statistical and multivariate techniques can be exploited to characterize large sample areas and to provide robust classification of individual spectral signatures. In comparison to standard histological protocols, FT-IR spectroscopic imaging simultaneously analyzes cell layers and identifies subtle structural and biochemical changes within the sample. We suggest that FT-IR spectroscopic imaging should provide a highly reliable, complementary tool for standard histological tier testing. JF - Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) AU - Lester, D S AU - Kidder, L H AU - Levin, I W AU - Lewis, E N AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 29 EP - 38 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0145-5680, 0145-5680 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Cytarabine KW - 04079A1RDZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared -- methods KW - Cerebellum -- pathology KW - Cerebellum -- anatomy & histology KW - Cerebellum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79807628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.atitle=Infrared+microspectroscopic+imaging+of+the+cerebellum+of+normal+and+cytarabine+treated+rats.&rft.au=Lester%2C+D+S%3BKidder%2C+L+H%3BLevin%2C+I+W%3BLewis%2C+E+N&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.issn=01455680&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration perspective of the inclusion of effects of low-level exposures in safety and risk assessment. AN - 79786411; 9539036 AB - A brief overview is provided of some of the general safety and risk assessment procedures used by the different centers of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) to evaluate low-level exposures. The U.S. FDA protects public health by regulating a wide variety of consumer products including foods, human and animal drugs, biologics, and medical devices under the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The diverse legal and regulatory standards in the act allow for the consideration of benefits for some products (e.g., drugs) but preclude them from others (e.g., food additives). When not precluded by statutory mandates (e.g., Delaney prohibition), the U.S. FDA considers both physiologic adaptive responses and beneficial effects. For the basic safety assessment paradigm as presently used, for example in the premarket approval of food additives, the emphasis is on the identification of adverse effects and no observed adverse effect level(s) (NOAEL). Generally, the NOAEL is divided by safety factors to establish an acceptable exposure level. This safety assessment paradigm does not preclude the consideration of effects whether they are biologically adaptive or beneficial at lower dose levels. The flexibility to consider issues such as mechanisms of action and adaptive and beneficial responses depends on the product under consideration. For carcinogenic contaminants and radiation from medical devices, the U.S. FDA considers the potential cancer risk at low exposure levels. This generally involves downward extrapolation from the observed dose-response range. The consideration of adverse effects of other toxicologic end points (e.g., reproductive, immunologic, neurologic, developmental) associated with low exposure levels is also becoming more of a reality (e.g., endocrine disrupters). The evaluation of the biologic effects of low-level exposures to toxic substances must include whether the effect is adverse or a normal physiologic adaptive response and also determine the resiliency of a physiologic system. The public health mandate of the U.S. FDA includes an active research program at the National Center for Toxicological Research and the other U.S. FDA centers to support the regulatory mission of the U.S. FDA. This includes the development of knowledge bases, predictive strategies, and toxicologic studies to investigate effects at the lower end of the dose-response range. Because of the wide diversity of legal and regulatory standards for various products regulated by the U.S. FDA agency-wide safety and risk assessment procedures and policies generally do not exist. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Bolger, P M AU - Schwetz, B A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 391 EP - 394 VL - 106 Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79786411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+perspective+of+the+inclusion+of+effects+of+low-level+exposures+in+safety+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BBolger%2C+P+M%3BSchwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1976 Sep;36(9 pt.1):2973-9 [975067] Risk Anal. 1994 Oct;14(5):843-50 [7800868] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Oct;4(5):854-71 [6510615] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1980 Nov;4(5-6):305-12 [7217854] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upregulation of apoptosis with dietary restriction: implications for carcinogenesis and aging. AN - 79784783; 9539024 AB - The maintenance of cell number homeostasis in normal tissues reflects a highly regulated balance between the rates of cell proliferation and cell death. Under pathologic conditions such as exposure to cytotoxic, genotoxic, or nongenotoxic agents, an imbalance in these rates may indicate subsequent risk of carcinogenesis. Apoptotic cell death, as opposed to necrotic cell death, provides a protective mechanism by selective elimination of senescent, preneoplastic, or superfluous cells that could negatively affect normal function and/or promote cell transformation. The relative efficiency or dysfunction of the cell death program could therefore have a direct impact on the risk of degenerative or neoplastic disease. Dietary restriction of rodents is a noninvasive intervention that has been reproducibly shown to retard tumor development and most physiologic indices of aging relative to ad libitum-fed animals. As such, it provides a powerful model in which to study common mechanistic processes associated with both aging and cancer. In a recent study we established that chronic dietary restriction (DR) induces an increase in spontaneous apoptotic rate and a decrease in cell proliferation rate in hepatocytes of 12-month-old B6C3F1 DR mice relative to ad libitum (AL)-fed mice. This diet-induced shift in cell death/proliferation rates was associated with a marked reduction in subsequent development of spontaneous hepatoma and a marked increase in disease-free life span in DR relative to AL-fed mice. These results suggest that total caloric intake may modulate the rates of cell death and proliferation in a direction consistent with a cancer-protective effect in DR mice and a cancer-promoting effect in AL mice. To determine whether the increase in spontaneous apoptotic rate was maintained over the life span of DR mice, apoptotic rates were quantified in 12-, 18-, 24- and 30-month-old DR and AL mice. The rate of apoptosis was elevated with age in both diet groups; however, the rate of apoptosis was significantly and consistently higher in DR mice regardless of age. In double-labeling experiments, an age-associated increase in the glutathione S-transferase-II expression in putative preneoplastic hepatocytes in AL mice was rapidly reduced by apoptosis upon initiation of DR. Thus, intervention that promote a low-level increase in apoptotic cell death may be expected to protect genotypic and phenotypic stability with age. If during tumor promotion an adaptive increase in apoptosis effectively balances the dysregulated increase proliferation, the risk of permanent genetic error and carcinogenesis would be minimized. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - James, S J AU - Muskhelishvili, L AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Turturro, A AU - Hart, R AD - Division of Biochemical toxicology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. jjames@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 307 EP - 312 VL - 106 Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Up-Regulation KW - Homeostasis KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic KW - Apoptosis KW - Aging KW - Energy Intake KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79784783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Upregulation+of+apoptosis+with+dietary+restriction%3A+implications+for+carcinogenesis+and+aging.&rft.au=James%2C+S+J%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L%3BGaylor%2C+D+W%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BHart%2C+R&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Curr Opin Immunol. 1995 Oct;7(5):694-703 [8573314] Mutat Res. 1995 Dec;333(1-2):81-7 [8538639] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Mar;17(3):395-400 [8631122] Carcinogenesis. 1996 May;17(5):947-54 [8640942] Science. 1996 Jul 5;273(5271):59-63 [8658196] Anticancer Res. 1996 Jul-Aug;16(4A):1691-705 [8712688] Cancer Lett. 1996 Aug 2;105(2):241-8 [8697450] Toxicol Pathol. 1996 May-Jun;24(3):315-22 [8736387] Immunol Lett. 1995 Sep;47(3):181-6 [8747716] Virchows Arch. 1996 Jul;428(4-5):229-35 [8764931] Genes Dev. 1996 Sep 1;10(17):2105-16 [8804306] J Cell Biochem. 1996 Jan;60(1):23-32 [8825412] Cancer Lett. 1996 Sep 10;106(2):163-9 [8844968] Mutat Res. 1996 Sep;365(1-3):71-90 [8898990] Am J Pathol. 1996 Nov;149(5):1585-91 [8909248] J Pathol. 1972 May;107(1):41-4 [5069401] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Apr;5(4):453-8 [6231134] J Nutr. 1986 Apr;116(4):641-54 [3958810] Cancer Res. 1989 Aug 1;49(15):4130-4 [2501021] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Feb;12(2):311-5 [1847320] Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1991 Feb;5(1):79-89 [2026570] Exp Gerontol. 1992 Sep-Dec;27(5-6):567-74 [1426089] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Dec 26;673:70-82 [1485736] Mol Carcinog. 1993;8(4):209-13 [8280368] Mutat Res. 1993 Dec;295(4-6):191-200 [7507557] Bioessays. 1994 Feb;16(2):133-8 [8147843] Oncogene. 1994 Jul;9(7):1807-12 [8208526] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 5:87-90 [8013429] Risk Anal. 1994 Jun;14(3):321-6 [8029504] Mol Carcinog. 1994 Sep;11(1):8-12 [7916991] Cancer Res. 1994 Nov 1;54(21):5508-10 [7923185] Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994 Dec;105(4):363-7 [7981606] Am J Physiol. 1995 Jan;268(1 Pt 2):F73-81 [7840250] Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1994 Aug 30;345(1313):265-8 [7846124] EMBO J. 1995 Feb 1;14(3):461-72 [7859736] Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1995 Feb;18(2):137-53 [7695828] Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A(13):2001-12 [7734214] Cancer Res. 1995 Jun 1;55(11):2463-9 [7758000] Am J Pathol. 1995 Jul;147(1):20-4 [7604880] Cancer Res. 1995 Sep 1;55(17):3739-41 [7641185] Cancer Res. 1995 Sep 1;55(17):3759-62 [7641190] J Nutr. 1995 Sep;125(9):2316-24 [7666248] J Cell Biochem. 1995 Jun;58(2):160-74 [7673324] J Cell Biochem. 1995 Jun;58(2):175-80 [7673325] Sci Am. 1996 Jan;274(1):46-52 [8533065] Cancer Res. 1996 Mar 15;56(6):1272-8 [8640813] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationship between symptoms and IgG and IgE antibodies in an office environment. AN - 79774783; 9515063 AB - Airborne fungi have been postulated as a cause of symptoms among office workers. Using the MAST chemiluminescent system, this study evaluated 36 IgG and 36 IgE antibody levels in 47 office workers from an area with elevated airborne fungal concentrations and 44 office workers from an otherwise similar area with lower airborne fungal exposure. No difference was found in IgG antibody to fungi between the lower and higher exposure areas, but high IgG antibody to one or more of the fungi studied was detected in 67% of all the workers tested. IgE antibody to one or more antigens was detected in 40% of the participants. Workers who reported atopic symptoms (sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes) or "sick building" symptoms (any three of the following temporally related to work: headache, fatigue, stuffy nose, irritated eyes, or sore throat) were more likely to have one positive IgE antibody test. Type I hypersensitivity to aeroallergens besides fungi may play a role in some symptoms reported by some participants in this office building. JF - Environmental research AU - Malkin, R AU - Martinez, K AU - Marinkovich, V AU - Wilcox, T AU - Wall, D AU - Biagini, R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Fungal KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Workplace KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Antigens, Fungal -- immunology KW - Antigens, Fungal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79774783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+symptoms+and+IgG+and+IgE+antibodies+in+an+office+environment.&rft.au=Malkin%2C+R%3BMartinez%2C+K%3BMarinkovich%2C+V%3BWilcox%2C+T%3BWall%2C+D%3BBiagini%2C+R&rft.aulast=Malkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airway hyperreactivity elicited by toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-albumin conjugate is not accompanied by airway eosinophilic infiltration in guinea pigs. AN - 79748899; 9520137 AB - Nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness is present in many patients with toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this hyperresponsiveness remain controversial. In the present study, we used a guinea pig model to investigate the association of TDI-induced airway hyperresponsiveness with eosinophilic airway infiltration, which is widely considered to play a key role in the development of allergen-induced hyperresponsiveness. Guinea pigs were sensitized by i.d. injections of 10 microl TDI on day 1 and day 6. Control animals received saline injections. Two weeks after the second injection, airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine and specific airway resistance (sRaw) was measured before and at several times after inhalation challenge with TDI-GSA (guinea pig serum albumin) conjugates. Eosinophils in the airways were detected using enzyme histochemistry and quantified using computer-assisted image analysis. TDI-specific IgG1 antibodies were found in the blood of TDI-sensitized animals. An immediate increase in sRaw was induced in these animals by TDI-GSA challenge; airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was observed at 6 h and 18 h after TDI-GSA challenge. However, TDI-GSA challenge did not result in an elevation of eosinophils in the airways, compared with control animals. The results suggest that the development of TDI-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is not dependent upon eosinophil infiltration in airways. JF - Archives of toxicology AU - Huang, J AU - Millecchia, L L AU - Frazer, D G AU - Fedan, J S AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 141 EP - 146 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Male KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- toxicity KW - Eosinophils KW - Allergens -- toxicity KW - Trachea -- pathology KW - Bronchi -- pathology KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79748899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Airway+hyperreactivity+elicited+by+toluene+diisocyanate+%28TDI%29-albumin+conjugate+is+not+accompanied+by+airway+eosinophilic+infiltration+in+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Huang%2C+J%3BMillecchia%2C+L+L%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BFedan%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational applications of a human cancer research model. AN - 79729136; 9503288 AB - Many bladder cancers are indolent, and since there are no biomarkers to predict progression, the prognosis is problematic. Utilizing an in vitro/in vivo human uroepithelial cell (SV-HUC.PC) transformation system, we investigated several molecular events occurring along the continuum of exposure to disease outcome as potential biomarkers for occupational carcinogenesis. The model also served to generate information on the occupational carcinogenicity of N-hydroxy-4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) [N-OH-MOCA]. Two of 14 groups of SV-HUC.PC treated with various concentrations of N-OH-MOCA formed carcinomas in athymic nude mice. Each of the biomarkers investigated demonstrated potential for interventions/prevention applications of occupational bladder cancers but will require validation and further evaluation. Those investigated displaying potential occupational utility included the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), DNA adducts, and altered proteins, as detected on HUC two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein maps. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Savage, R E AU - DeBord, D G AU - Swaminathan, S AU - Butler, M A AU - Snawder, J AU - Kanitz, M H AU - Cheever, K AU - Reid, T AU - Werren, D AD - Biochemical Toxicology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 125 EP - 135 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- analogs & derivatives KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological KW - Occupational Diseases -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79729136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+applications+of+a+human+cancer+research+model.&rft.au=Savage%2C+R+E%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BSwaminathan%2C+S%3BButler%2C+M+A%3BSnawder%2C+J%3BKanitz%2C+M+H%3BCheever%2C+K%3BReid%2C+T%3BWerren%2C+D&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Astrocytes: key players in mediation or modulation of neurotoxic responses? Commentary on forum position paper. AN - 79723440; 9498218 JF - Neurotoxicology AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505,USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 35 EP - 6; discussion 37-8 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Brain Injuries -- physiopathology KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- physiology KW - Brain Injuries -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79723440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Astrocytes%3A+key+players+in+mediation+or+modulation+of+neurotoxic+responses%3F+Commentary+on+forum+position+paper.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):7-17; discussion 37-8 [9498214] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety profile of interferon-alpha therapy. AN - 79702134; 9482535 AB - Two forms of recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha2a and IFN-alpha2b) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for a variety of clinical indications, including hairy cell leukemia, hepatitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia (IFN-alpha2a only), and adjuvant therapy for melanoma (IFN-alpha2b only), based on their proven clinical efficacy and acceptable safety profiles. The continued postmarketing monitoring of adverse reactions associated with IFN-alpha therapy has revealed some new toxicities. The most common adverse events associated with IFN-alpha therapy are flu-like symptoms, fatigue, anorexia, and central nervous system and psychiatric reactions. In particular, the incidence of depression has only recently been fully appreciated. Some of these side effects, particularly chronic fatigue, anorexia, and neuropsychiatric reactions, may become dose limiting. New approaches to minimize and manage the side effects of IFN-alpha therapy are needed. JF - Seminars in oncology AU - Weiss, K AD - Division of Clinical Trials Design and Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 9 EP - 13 VL - 25 IS - 1 Suppl 1 SN - 0093-7754, 0093-7754 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Interferon-alpha -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79702134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+oncology&rft.atitle=Safety+profile+of+interferon-alpha+therapy.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1+Suppl+1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+oncology&rft.issn=00937754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fenfluramine and norfenfluramine levels in brain microdialysate, brain tissue and plasma of rats administered doses of d-fenfluramine known to deplete 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in brain. AN - 79680659; 9454806 AB - The relationship between dose, frontal cortex (brain) microdialysate and brain tissue levels of fenfluramine (FEN) and norfenfluramine (NF), as well as the effect that these levels have on body temperature, was determined after systemic d-FEN. FEN and NF levels were monitored continuously in the microdialysate of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with 3 x 5 mg/kg s.c. (spaced 2 hr apart), 1 x 2 mg/kg s.c. or 1 x 10 mg/kg i.p. d-FEN (at ambient temperatures of either 23 degrees C or 27 degrees C). Drug concentrations in plasma and brain regions were also determined 1 hr after one or three doses of 5 mg/kg of d-FEN and 1 and 8 hr after 10 mg/kg d-FEN, and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in the frontal cortex of FEN and controls were determined 4 days after dosing. Peak microdialysate FEN levels, occurring between 40 and 60 min after the first dose, were 0.24 +/- 0.07 microM after 2 mg/kg, 0.33 +/- 0.04 microM after 5 mg/kg and 1.65 microM after 10 mg/kg. After multiple doses of 5 mg/kg FEN the time-to-peak level was greater than 80 min with peaks of 0.68 +/- 0.04 microM after the second dose and 1.20 +/- 0.07 microM after the third dose. There was a positive correlation between combined (FEN + NF) peak levels in microdialysate and the increase in body temperature after 10 mg/kg d-FEN at 27 degrees C; however, the group mean and peak levels of FEN and NF in microdialysate were statistically the same at either 23 degrees C or 27 degrees C. The indole-depleting effect of d-FEN at 4 days after dosing was exacerbated at 27 degrees C when hyperthermia occurred. Thus, hyperthermia does not affect the pharmacokinetics of d-FEN but pharmacokinetics can influence the degree of hyperthermia in a 27 degrees C environment. Plasma levels, brain extracellular and brain levels of approximately 1 microM, 2.5 microM and 50 microM FEN (respectively), or greater, result from 5-hydroxytryptamine-depleting doses of 5 mg/kg s.c. FEN. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Clausing, P AU - Newport, G D AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 618 EP - 624 VL - 284 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Norfenfluramine KW - 1886-26-6 KW - Fenfluramine KW - 2DS058H2CF KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dialysis KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Norfenfluramine -- metabolism KW - Fenfluramine -- metabolism KW - Norfenfluramine -- pharmacology KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Fenfluramine -- pharmacology KW - Serotonin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79680659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Fenfluramine+and+norfenfluramine+levels+in+brain+microdialysate%2C+brain+tissue+and+plasma+of+rats+administered+doses+of+d-fenfluramine+known+to+deplete+5-hydroxytryptamine+levels+in+brain.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring the gas content of coal; a review AN - 52593832; 1998-039917 AB - Coalbed gas content measurements are commonly used in mine safety as well as coalbed methane resource assessment and recovery applications. Gas content determination techniques generally fall into two categories: (1) direct methods which actually measure the volume of gas released from a coal sample sealed into a desorption canister and (2) indirect methods based on empirical correlations, or laboratory derived sorption isotherm gas storage capacity data. Direct gas content determination techniques may be further subdivided into quick-crushing and extended desorption methods. The quick-crushing methods are primarily used in mine safety applications outside the United States, but have also been used for resource recovery applications. Quick-crushing methods rely on crushing the coal sample soon after collection to release all the desorbable gas, thus significantly shortening the amount of time required for desorption measurements. However, some data useful for resource recovery applications are lost. Extended desorption techniques are most commonly used for resource assessment and recovery applications where information on desorption rates is useful for reservoir modeling, and for fundamental coalbed methane research. Extended desorption methods allow the gases in the coal sample to desorb under controlled laboratory conditions until a defined low desorption rate cutoff point is reached. The sample may then be crushed to measure the amount of gas remaining within the sample. Direct method techniques for gas content measurement are the focus of this paper. JF - International Journal of Coal Geology AU - Diamond, William P AU - Schatzel, Steven J A2 - Flores, Romeo M. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 311 EP - 331 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 35 IS - 1-4 SN - 0166-5162, 0166-5162 KW - methods KW - mines KW - concentration KW - petroleum engineering KW - desorption KW - natural gas KW - coal mines KW - petroleum KW - exploitation KW - recovery KW - reservoir rocks KW - measurement KW - safety KW - energy sources KW - coalbed methane KW - accuracy KW - review KW - instruments KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52593832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.atitle=Measuring+the+gas+content+of+coal%3B+a+review&rft.au=Diamond%2C+William+P%3BSchatzel%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.issn=01665162&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01665162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; coal mines; coalbed methane; concentration; desorption; energy sources; exploitation; instruments; measurement; methods; mines; natural gas; petroleum; petroleum engineering; recovery; reservoir rocks; review; safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Underground hazard recognition training AN - 51715130; 2005-043645 JF - Aggregates Manager AU - Barrett, Edward A AU - Rethi, Lynn Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 30 EP - 33 PB - Mercor Media, Independence, MO VL - 2 IS - 11 SN - 1087-3015, 1087-3015 KW - rockfalls KW - mining KW - mines KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - limestone deposits KW - preventive measures KW - mining geology KW - mass movements KW - underground installations KW - risk assessment KW - construction materials KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51715130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aggregates+Manager&rft.atitle=Underground+hazard+recognition+training&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Edward+A%3BRethi%2C+Lynn&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aggregates+Manager&rft.issn=10873015&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - MO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction materials; geologic hazards; limestone deposits; mass movements; mines; mining; mining geology; preventive measures; risk assessment; rockfalls; underground installations; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Several MPN models for serial dilutions with suppressed growth at low dilutions AN - 17359681; 4554868 AB - Most probable number (MPN) estimates of microbial concentrations from serial dilutions employ a usual model of probabilities of the various possible outcomes. Outcomes challenge the usual model when they occur at markedly different rates from what the usual model predicts. Too many outcomes that suggest suppression of growth at low dilutions have occurred in some foods. These challenge the usual model and suggest new models. This paper provides four new models: growth suppression by a toxicant released from the food product by sample preparation; interference by a non-target species of microbe; disaggregation of clumped microbes at a single dilution step; disaggregation spread evenly over several dilution steps. The assumptions and discussion of how to find the maximum likelihood estimate for the parameters are given. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Blodgett, R J AU - Garthright, W E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Mathematics, 200 'C' Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 91 EP - 99 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Most probable number KW - Mathematical models KW - Dilution KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17359681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Several+MPN+models+for+serial+dilutions+with+suppressed+growth+at+low+dilutions&rft.au=Blodgett%2C+R+J%3BGarthright%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Blodgett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1997.0144 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dilution; Most probable number; Mathematical models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1997.0144 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Hybrid Recombinant Human Alpha Interferon (A/D) on in vitro Cytotoxicity and in vivo Localization of Monoclonal Antibody L6-Cytosine Deaminase Conjugate in a Colon Cancer Model AN - 17257337; 4559563 AB - L6 is an IgG2a murine monoclonal antibody which we have demonstrated binds well to HT29 human colon carcinoma cells by flow cytometry, whole cell ELISA, and mixed hemadsorption. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that the monoclonal antibody L6-cytosine deaminase (L6-CD) immunoconjugate plus the nontoxic prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), is equivalent to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in its ability to kill HT29 cells. Human alpha -interferon (A/D) was able to enhance this cytotoxic effect. The I.C. sub(50)'s revealed that very small amounts of L6-CD are needed for this cytotoxic effect (approximately, 5 pg/ml resulted in 50% viability). The limiting factor was the amount of 5-FC employed with L6-CD (3 mu M yielded 50% cell viability). alpha -Interferon (A/D) lowered the requirement of 5-FC to 1 mu M to achieve 50% cell lethality. In vivo biodistribution experiments indicated that 1 mu g of L6-CD is nonspecifically taken up by the liver and spleen and cleared rapidly from the blood. Significant localization of L6-CD to HT29 tumors occurred only when 99 mu g of unlabeled L6-CD was added to 1 mu g of super(125)I-labeled immunoconjugate injected intravenously. Further augmentation of tumor/blood ratios without reduction in percent injected dose per gram of tumor was possible with the intravenous injection of 100 mu g of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 13B, 24 hours after L6-CD, which bound unreacted L6-CD and cleared it from the blood. The addition of 100,000 U of alpha -interferon (A/D) given intraperitoneally every day increased the clearance of L6-CD by the liver and spleen, but impaired tumor localization (percent injected dose per gram). These studies demonstrated that in vivo localization of the L6-CD conjugate to HT29 tumors could be optimized by injecting excess L6-CD followed by an equal amount of L6 anti-idiotype mAb 13B, 24 hours after L6-CD. JF - Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals AU - O'Boyle, K P AU - Senter, P D AU - Bhargava, K AU - Chun, S AU - Anthony, G AU - Markowitz, AL AU - Wadler, S AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, FDA/cBER, Bldg. 29B, Room 3NN13, HFM-561, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1428, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 33 EP - 42 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1084-9785, 1084-9785 KW - alpha -Interferon KW - colon cancer KW - cytosine deaminase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Antitumor agents KW - W3 33374:Antitumor agents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17257337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Biotherapy+and+Radiopharmaceuticals&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Hybrid+Recombinant+Human+Alpha+Interferon+%28A%2FD%29+on+in+vitro+Cytotoxicity+and+in+vivo+Localization+of+Monoclonal+Antibody+L6-Cytosine+Deaminase+Conjugate+in+a+Colon+Cancer+Model&rft.au=O%27Boyle%2C+K+P%3BSenter%2C+P+D%3BBhargava%2C+K%3BChun%2C+S%3BAnthony%2C+G%3BMarkowitz%2C+AL%3BWadler%2C+S&rft.aulast=O%27Boyle&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Biotherapy+and+Radiopharmaceuticals&rft.issn=10849785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antitumor agents; Monoclonal antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of DNA preparation techniques for detection of the SLT-1 gene of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine faeces using the polymerase chain reaction AN - 16481648; 4323395 AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has the potential to detect low levels of the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine faeces. To improve the utility of PCR for this application, several methods for preparing template DNA from bovine faeces, both directly and after non-selective enrichment, were tested. These were boiling, enzyme treatment, enzyme treatment plus phenol-chloroform extraction, and enzyme treatment plus phenol-chloroform extraction plus Geneclean registered purification. Of these, the boiling method was the most consistent and had a sensitivity of approximately 3 cfu g super(-1) faeces, with an assay time of less than 32 h. The boiling method was also combined with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) to detect E. coli O157:H7 in less than 8 h, but with a sensitivity of approximately 10 super(3) cfu g super(-1) faeces. These methods can be used to prepare template for PCR screening of bovine faeces using any appropriate PCR primers. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Stewart, D S AU - Tortorello, M L AU - Gendel, S M AD - Food and Drug Administration, 6502 S. Archer Rd., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA, dss@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 93 EP - 97 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - SLT-1 gene KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+DNA+preparation+techniques+for+detection+of+the+SLT-1+gene+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+bovine+faeces+using+the+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Stewart%2C+D+S%3BTortorello%2C+M+L%3BGendel%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A blood-free enrichment medium for growing Campylobacter spp. under aerobic conditions AN - 16480938; 4323407 AB - Detection limits for Campylobacter jejuni strains JH93 and ATCC 29428 in a new blood-free enrichment broth (BFEB) were investigated under aerobic conditions. Cultures of Camp. jejuni were inoculated into 50 ml BFEB containing 10% food homogenate in 50 ml screw-cap tubes. After 24 h enrichment under aerobic conditions, Camp. jejuni were isolated on four selective agar media. The least squares means of the detection limit 50% endpoint (DL sub(50)) values were 0.4 (plain BFEB), 0.9 (crabmeat), 1.7 (mushroom), 1.7 (raw milk) and 2.1 (oyster) colony forming units (cfu) 5 g super(-1) food. The efficiency of the BFEB was significantly affected (P < 0.05) by food type and bacterial strain. Overall, the BFEB enrichment compared favourably with the existing US Food and Drug Administration method under modified atmosphere. In addition, the BFEB method did not require the use of blood, special equipment or Oxyrase registered to reduce oxygen tensions. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Tran, T T AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, HFS-516, US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA, TTT@CFSAN.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 145 EP - 148 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+blood-free+enrichment+medium+for+growing+Campylobacter+spp.+under+aerobic+conditions&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid method for the detection of genetically engineered microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction from soil and sediments AN - 16396716; 4311811 AB - A rapid and sensitive method for the detection of genetically engineered microorganisms in soil and sediments has been devised by in vitro amplification of the target DNAs by a polymerase chain reaction. A cloned catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene located on the recombinant plasmid pOH101 was transferred to Pseudomonas putida MMB2442 by triparental crossing and used as a target organism. For the polymerase chain reaction from soil and sediment samples, the template DNA was released from a 100-mg soil sample. Bacterial seeded soil samples were washed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0) and treated with a detergent lysis solution at 100 degree C. After addition of 1% polyvinylpolypyrrolidine solution, the samples were boiled for 5 min. Supernatant containing nucleic acid was purified with a PCR purification kit. The purified DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction, using two specific primers designed for the amplification of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene sequences. The detection limit was 10 super(2) cells per gram of soil. This method is rapid and obviates the need for lengthy DNA purification from soil samples. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Khan, A A AU - Jones, R A AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 90 EP - 94 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Bacteria KW - DNA purification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01113:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Rapid+method+for+the+detection+of+genetically+engineered+microorganisms+by+polymerase+chain+reaction+from+soil+and+sediments&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BJones%2C+R+A%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caloric restriction as a mechanism mediating resistance to environmental disease AN - 16396221; 4305852 AB - It has been observed that susceptibility to many degenerative diseases increases concurrently with industrialization and rising living standards. Although epidemiologic studies suggest that specific environmental and dietary factors may be important, caloric intake alone (as reflected in body size) may account for much of the differential risk observed among diverse human populations. It has been suggested from animal studies that caloric intake may be the primary effector for many hormonal, metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral responses that coordinate reproductive strategy to apparent availability of food. When caloric intake is excessive, particularly at critical developmental stages, physiologic priorities are set for body growth and fecundity rather than for endurance and longevity. The converse occurs during periods of famine, thus increasing the probability that sufficient individuals survive to restore the population when conditions improve. Calorically restricted rodents have significantly longer reproductive and total life spans than their ad libitum-fed controls and exhibit a spectrum of biochemical and physiologic alterations that characterize their adaptation to reduced caloric intake. These include reduced stature, hypercorticism in the absence of elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, increased metabolic efficiency, decreased mitogenic response coupled with increased rates of apoptosis, reduced inflammatory response, induction of stress proteins and DNA repair enzymes, altered drug-metabolizing enzyme expression, and modified cell-mediated immune function. The overall profile of these changes is one of improved defense against environmental stress. This has been suggested as the mechanistic basis for the protective effects of low body weight on radiation- and chemically induced cancers in experimental animals. It may also explain the significantly higher thresholds of acute toxicity observed when calorically restricted rodents are exposed to certain test compounds. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Frame, L T AU - Hart, R W AU - Leakey, JEA AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jleakey@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 313 EP - 324 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - environmental diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Caloric+restriction+as+a+mechanism+mediating+resistance+to+environmental+disease&rft.au=Frame%2C+L+T%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BLeakey%2C+JEA&rft.aulast=Frame&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo transgenic bioassays and assessment of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals AN - 16386605; 4305833 AB - There is general agreement in the scientific community on the need to improve carcinogenicity testing and the assessment of human carcinogenic risk and to incorporate more information on mechanisms and modes of action into the risk assessment process. Advances in molecular biology have identified a growing number of genes such as protooncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes that are highly conserved across species and are associated with a wide variety of human and animal cancers. In vivo transgenic rodent models incorporating such mechanisms are used to identify mechanisms involved in tumor formation and as selective tests for carcinogens. Transgenic methods can be considered an extension of genetic manipulation by selective breeding, which long has been employed in science and agriculture. The use of two rodent species in carcinogenicity testing is especially important for identifying transspecies carcinogens. The capacity of a substance to induce neoplasia across species suggests that the mechanism(s) involved in the induction of the neoplasia are conserved and therefore may have significance for humans. Based on available information there is sufficient experience with some in vivo transgenic rodent carcinogenicity models to support their application as complementary second species studies in conjunction with a single 2-year rodent carcinogenicity study. The optional substitution of a second 2-year rodent carcinogenicity study with an alternative study such as an in vivo transgenic carcinogenicity study is part of the International Conference on Harmonization guidance S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals. This guidance is intended to be flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of possible carcinogenicity assessment models currently under consideration or models that may be developed in the future. The use of an in vivo transgenic mouse model in place of a second 2-year mouse study will improve the assessment of carcinogenic risk by contributing insights into the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and potential human relevance not available from a standard 2-year bioassay. It is envisioned that this will stimulate the further development of more efficient and relevant methods for identifying and assessing potential human carcinogenic risk, which will benefit public health. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Contrera, J F AU - DeGeorge, J J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, HFD-900, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA, contrerajf@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 71 EP - 80 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=In+vivo+transgenic+bioassays+and+assessment+of+the+carcinogenic+potential+of+pharmaceuticals&rft.au=Contrera%2C+J+F%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergonomic considerations of manually harvesting Maine wild blueberries AN - 16346380; 4307740 AB - In July 1993, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a health hazard evaluation from the Maine Department of Human Services. NIOSH was asked to investigate musculoskeletal conditions, in particular wrist disorders (informally called "rakers' tendinitis") which were reported among harvesters who raked wild blueberries in Maine. Annually thousands of seasonal workers rake wild blueberries in various parts of Maine, mostly in the month of August. A field survey consisting of a symptom questionnaire, limited physical examinations, and ergonomic assessment of raking was conducted at a blueberry grower and processor in Maine. A convenience sample of 134 rakers was recruited on-site over a three-day period in late August. Their median age was 30 (range: 13 to 69); 73% of participants were males; 10% of the participants were children (age 13 to 17). Participants reported moderate to severe pain, which was felt after the start of raking in the back (14%), in the hand/wrist (12%), and in the elbow (8%). On physical examinations, 10% had some hand/wrist pain accompanied by a positive Phalen's or Tinel's test (consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome), or a positive Finkelstein's test (consistent with de Quervain's disease). Ergonomic analysis of raking revealed that rakers worked mostly in stooped posture and frequently carried loaded buckets (up to 13 kg each). The metal rakes varied in size (42 to 47 cm wide) and weight (1.2 to 2.3 kg). The typical raking motion involved a constant firm grip on the handle, and repetitive ulnar (toward the little finger) and radial (toward the thumb) deviations of the wrist. The force of lifting the rake through the blueberry bushes was estimated to be 87 Newtons (S.D. plus or minus 17.5), and the motion was repeated 32 times/min (S.D. plus or minus 13). These repetitive and forceful motions could cause friction on the tenosynovium and explain a high prevalence of tendinitis. Recommendations for improvements to the rake and raking methods are suggested. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Estill, C F AU - Tanaka, S AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, clf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 43 EP - 57 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - USA, Maine KW - ergonomics KW - musculoskeletal system KW - wrist KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Ergonomic+considerations+of+manually+harvesting+Maine+wild+blueberries&rft.au=Estill%2C+C+F%3BTanaka%2C+S&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal metabolism of nitrofluoranthenes. AN - 79670407; 9444318 AB - Metabolism of 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFA), one of the most abundant and genotoxic environmental pollutants in air, and of a mixture of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NFA) was studied using (1) the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 and (2) rat liver microsomes. The fungal metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, and online atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (APCI/MS). The fungus metabolized 82% of 2-nitro-[3H]-fluoranthene to 2-nitrofluoranthene 8-sulfate and 2-nitrofluoranthene 9-sulfate. Metabolism of a mixture of 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene by C. elegans similarly produced 2-nitrofluoranthene 8- and 9-sulfate and 3-nitrofluoranthene 8- and 9-sulfate as major metabolites. In addition, a glucoside conjugate of 3-hydroxy-2-nitrofluoranthene was tentatively identified by APCI/MS analysis. When rat liver microsomes were incubated with a mixture of 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene for 1 h, in addition to the trans-7,8- and 9,10-dihydrodiols reported previously for 2-nitrofluoranthene, several novel metabolites were produced including 2-nitrofluoranthene trans-4,5-dihydrodiol and 2-nitrofluoranthene trans-8,9-dihydrodiol, the trans-4,5-dihydrodiol of 3-nitrofluoranthene, and phenolic products of both 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene. The fungal metabolism of the 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene mixture was similar to the metabolism of individual nitrofluoranthenes; however, the mammalian metabolism of the nitrofluoranthene mixture showed differences in regioselectivity at positions C4, C5, C8, and C9. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Fu, P P AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. JPothuluri@NCTR.FDA.Gov Y1 - 1998/01/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 23 SP - 153 EP - 174 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - 2-nitrofluoranthene KW - 13177-29-2 KW - 3-nitrofluoranthene KW - R9796OQK2M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Mucorales -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79670407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Fungal+metabolism+of+nitrofluoranthenes.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BDoerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liver tumors induced in B6C3F1 mice by 7-chlorobenz[a]anthracene and 7-bromobenz[a]anthracene contain K-ras protooncogene mutations. AN - 79684342; 9461013 AB - We previously examined the tumorigenicity of 7-chlorobenz[a]anthracene (7-Cl-BA) and 7-bromobenz[a]anthracene (7-Br-BA) in the neonatal mouse bioassay and found that 7-Cl-BA and 7-Br-BA induced hepatocellular adenoma in 92 and 96% of the mice and hepatocellular carcinoma in 100 and 83% of the mice, respectively. In the present study, mRNA was isolated from each of the liver tumors induced by the two compounds and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. Portions of the K- and H-ras oncogene coding sequences were then amplified and analyzed for DNA sequence alterations. Eighty-three percent (20/24) of 7-Cl-BA-induced and 91% (20/22) of 7-Br-BA-induced liver tumors had activated ras protooncogenes. In contrast to the general finding of H-ras mutations in B6C3F1 mouse liver tumors, both compounds had 95% (19/20) of the mutations located at the first base of K-ras codon 13, resulting in a pattern of GGC --> CGC. Thus, our results demonstrate that 7-Cl-BA and 7-Br-BA induce a unique type of ras (K-ras) oncogene activation in liver tumors of B6C3F1 mice. JF - Cancer letters AU - Xia, Q AU - Yi, P AU - Zhan, D J AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Hart, R W AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/01/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 16 SP - 21 EP - 25 VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - Carcinogens KW - RNA, Neoplasm KW - 7-chlorobenz(a)anthracene KW - 20268-52-4 KW - 7-bromobenzanthracene KW - 32795-84-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Point Mutation KW - Mice KW - RNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Male KW - Genes, ras KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79684342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Liver+tumors+induced+in+B6C3F1+mice+by+7-chlorobenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+and+7-bromobenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+contain+K-ras+protooncogene+mutations.&rft.au=Xia%2C+Q%3BYi%2C+P%3BZhan%2C+D+J%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Xia&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1998-01-16&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of cardiac troponin T levels as an indicator of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. AN - 79658996; 9443390 AB - The release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) as a biomarker of doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiac injury was evaluated in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model. Elevations in serum levels of cTnT and decreased immunohistochemical staining of heart sections for this protein were noted in SHRs treated with cumulative doses of doxorubicin (7 mg/kg) that induced only minimal histological alterations in myocytes. Concentrations of cTnT were further elevated, coincident with reduced immunohistochemical staining, in SHRs given 10-12 mg/kg doxorubicin. Thus, monitoring serum levels of cTnT can detect doxorubicin-induced myocyte damage in SHR and may prove useful for the noninvasive evaluation of this toxicity in humans. JF - Cancer research AU - Herman, E H AU - Lipshultz, S E AU - Rifai, N AU - Zhang, J AU - Papoian, T AU - Yu, Z X AU - Takeda, K AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Applied Pharmacological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20908, USA. Y1 - 1998/01/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 15 SP - 195 EP - 197 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Troponin KW - Troponin T KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Hypertension -- blood KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Troponin -- blood KW - Heart Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Heart Diseases -- blood KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Heart Diseases -- pathology KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79658996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Use+of+cardiac+troponin+T+levels+as+an+indicator+of+doxorubicin-induced+cardiotoxicity.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BLipshultz%2C+S+E%3BRifai%2C+N%3BZhang%2C+J%3BPapoian%2C+T%3BYu%2C+Z+X%3BTakeda%2C+K%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-01-15&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of nitric oxide production by rat alveolar macrophages in response to silica exposure. AN - 79668563; 9447227 AB - In the present study, it was confirmed that in vivo exposure of rats to silica significantly increases nitric oxide (NO) production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC), a population of cells that includes alveolar macrophages. Possible mechanisms whereby NO production could be upregulated by rat alveolar macrophages following silica exposure were examined to determine if there is a direct effect of silica on alveolar macrophage NO production or if other factors are involved. BALC were obtained from normal male rats and cultured for 2 h. Nonadherent cells were then removed and the enriched alveolar macrophage cell populations were exposed to test agents for 18-20 h. Media nitrate and nitrite (NOx) concentrations were used to assess NO production and, in some cases, inducible NO synthase mRNA levels were indexed. In vitro exposure to silica (0.1-100 micrograms/ml) had no significant effect on basal NO levels. Furthermore, NO generation was not additionally increased above levels induced by interferon gamma (IFN), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or other cytokines during simultaneous incubations with silica and IFN, a 2-h pretreatment with silica followed by IFN, or preincubation with IFN, LPS, and/or other cytokines before the addition of silica. To evaluate whether cell-cell interactions might be required for the induction of NO production during silica challenge, alveolar macrophages were cultured with splenic lymphocytes or blood-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Coculture of splenic lymphocytes with alveolar macrophages resulted in media NOx levels that were greater than the additive levels from each cell type. However, the presence of silica was without additional effect on NO production by either of these cell types. Furthermore, it was found that conditioned media, derived from adherent BALC following silica treatment in vivo, could induce NO production by naive alveolar macrophages. In summary, the collective results from these experiments suggest that cell-cell communication factors, involving the interaction of pneumocytes following in vivo silica exposure, are necessary for the induction of NO by alveolar macrophages. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Huffman, L J AU - Judy, D J AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1998/01/09/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 09 SP - 29 EP - 46 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, rat KW - Index Medicus KW - Culture Media, Conditioned -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Coculture Techniques KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cytokines -- pharmacology KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Communication -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- genetics KW - Cell Communication -- physiology KW - Up-Regulation KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79668563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+nitric+oxide+production+by+rat+alveolar+macrophages+in+response+to+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BJudy%2C+D+J%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-09&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing occupational hearing loss: beyond noise exposures. AN - 85417610; pmid-9505303 AB - In recent years, findings that exposure to industrial chemicals may affect hearing and interact with noise brought to light a risk that had not been given substantial attention previously. The need for research becomes clear when the magnitude of the population of workers exposed to noise and chemicals and the number of potentially hazardous chemicals found in work environments are taken into consideration. The need for research is this area is further heightened by the fact that there are no guidelines or standards for combined exposures of chemical and physical agents. The present paper reviews the effects of combined exposures to chemicals and noise on hearing and examines study designs, hearing assessment alternatives, and strategies for the analysis of combined effects. JF - Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum AU - Morata, T C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedicale and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Oh, USA. thais.morata@niwl.se Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 111 EP - 116 VL - 48 SN - 0107-8593, 0107-8593 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Humans KW - Hearing Loss, Sensorineural -- etiology KW - Reflex, Acoustic -- physiology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- diagnosis KW - Hearing Loss, Conductive -- etiology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Hearing Loss, Sensorineural -- diagnosis KW - Hearing Loss, Conductive -- diagnosis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Noise -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85417610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+audiology.+Supplementum&rft.atitle=Assessing+occupational+hearing+loss%3A+beyond+noise+exposures.&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+audiology.+Supplementum&rft.issn=01078593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of bioequivalence of highly variable drugs using clinical trial simulations. II: Comparison of single and multiple-dose trials using AUC and Cmax. AN - 85266942; pmid-9487554 AB - PURPOSE: Evaluating of the effects of high intrasubject variability in clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), on 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for AUC (Area Under the concentration Curve) in single and multiple-dose bioequivalence studies. The main methodology was Monte Carlo simulation, and we also used deterministic simulation, and examination of clinical trials. The results are compared with those previously observed for Cmax (maximum concentration.) METHODS: The time course of drug concentration in plasma was simulated using a one-compartment model with log-normal statistical distributions of intersubject and intrasubject variabilities in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Both immediate-release and prolonged-release products were simulated using several levels of intrasubject variability in single-dose and multiple-dose studies. Simulations of 2000 clinical bioequivalence trials per condition (138 conditions) with 30 subjects in each crossover trial were carried out. Simulated data were compared with data from actual bioequivalence trials. RESULTS: The current simulations for AUC show similar probabilities of failure for single-dose and multiple-dose bioequivalence studies, even with differences in the rate of absorption or fraction absorbed. AUC values from prolonged-release scenario studies are more sensitive to changes in the first order absorption rate constant ka, and to variability in CL and V than AUC from studies of immediate-release studies. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that multiple-dose designs for highly variable drugs do not always reduce intrasubject variability in either AUC or Cmax, although the behavior of AUC differs from Cmax. Single dose AUC to the last quantifiable concentration was more reliable than either single dose AUC extrapolated to infinity, or multiple dose AUC during a steady-state interval. Multiple-dose designs may not be the best solution for assessing bioequivalence of highly variable drugs. JF - Pharmaceutical Research AU - el-Tahtawy, A A AU - Tozer, T N AU - Harrison, F AU - Lesko, L AU - Williams, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 98 EP - 104 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0724-8741, 0724-8741 KW - Comparative Study KW - Computer Simulation KW - Area Under Curve KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Models, Chemical KW - Drug Combinations KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85266942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceutical+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+bioequivalence+of+highly+variable+drugs+using+clinical+trial+simulations.+II%3A+Comparison+of+single+and+multiple-dose+trials+using+AUC+and+Cmax.&rft.au=el-Tahtawy%2C+A+A%3BTozer%2C+T+N%3BHarrison%2C+F%3BLesko%2C+L%3BWilliams%2C+R&rft.aulast=el-Tahtawy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmaceutical+Research&rft.issn=07248741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specificity of base substitution mutations induced by the dietary carcinogens 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in Salmonella. AN - 79982551; 9654241 AB - The base pair substitution mutational profiles induced by the heterocyclic amine cooked food mutagens PhlP and IQ in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1535 were determined by colony hybridization analysis. Both PhlP and IQ induced predominantly GC-->TA transversions in strain TA100 (rfa,delta uvrB/pKM101) with a pronounced preference for the second codon position (CCC--> CAC; 72% of total). PhlP also reverted strain TA1535 (rfa, delta uvrB) efficiently at concentrations similar to those required for strain TA100. In contrast to the PhlP-induced mutational profile observed in strain TA100, in strain TA1535 PhlP induced exclusively GC-->AT transitions at the second codon position (CCC-->CTC; 96-99% of total). Base substitution mutagenesis induced by heterocyclic amines related to PhlP is generally SOS-dependent, requiring the presence of plasmid pKM101 in Salmonella hisG46 strains. Thus, the SOS dependent reversion of S. typhimurium strain TA100 probably reflects error-prone lesion bypass at the major PhlP- guanosine adduct at the C-8 position. The GC-->AT transition mutations induced by PhlP in strain TA1535 appear to be SOS-independent, however, suggesting that these mutations may arise from the formation of PhlP-DNA adducts other than the replication-blocking C8-dG lesion. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Koch, W H AU - Wu, R W AU - Cebula, T A AU - Felton, J S AD - Molecular Biology Branch, FDA, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 327 EP - 332 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - Quinolines KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Diet KW - Quinolines -- toxicity KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79982551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Specificity+of+base+substitution+mutations+induced+by+the+dietary+carcinogens+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+%28PhlP%29+and+2-amino-3-methylimidazo%5B4%2C5-f%5Dquinoline+%28IQ%29+in+Salmonella.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BWu%2C+R+W%3BCebula%2C+T+A%3BFelton%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of mutations within the SV40 large T antigen ATPase/p53 binding domain on viral replication and transformation. AN - 79908160; 9608660 AB - The simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a 708 amino-acid protein possessing multiple biochemical activities that play distinct roles in productive infection or virus-induced cell transformation. The carboxy-terminal portion of T antigen includes a domain that carries the nucleotide binding and ATPase activities of the protein, as well as sequences required for T antigen to associate with the cellular tumor suppressor p53. Consequently this domain functions both in viral DNA replication and cellular transformation. We have generated a collection of SV40 mutants with amino-acid deletions, insertions or substitutions in specific domains of the protein. Here we report the properties of nine mutants with single or multiple substitutions between amino acids 402 and 430, a region thought to be important for both the p53 binding and ATPase functions. The mutants were examined for the ability to produce infectious progeny virions, replicate viral DNA in vivo, perform in trans complementation tests, and transform established cell lines. Two of the mutants exhibited a wild-type phenotype in all these tests. The remaining seven mutants were defective for plaque formation and viral DNA replication, but in each case these defects could be complemented by a wild-type T antigen supplied in trans. One of these replication-defective mutants efficiently transformed the REF52 and C3H10T1/2 cell lines as assessed by the dense-focus assay. The remaining six mutants were defective for transforming REF52 cells and transformed the C3H10T1/2 line with a reduced efficiency. The ability of mutant T antigen to transform REF52 cells correlated with their ability to induce increased levels of p53. JF - Virus genes AU - Peden, K W AU - Srinivasan, A AU - Vartikar, J V AU - Pipas, J M AD - Laboratory of Retrovirus Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 153 EP - 165 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0920-8569, 0920-8569 KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - DNA Replication KW - Cell Transformation, Viral KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis KW - Binding Sites KW - Simian virus 40 -- genetics KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming -- physiology KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases -- metabolism KW - Virus Replication -- physiology KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming -- metabolism KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases -- genetics KW - Simian virus 40 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79908160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+genes&rft.atitle=Effects+of+mutations+within+the+SV40+large+T+antigen+ATPase%2Fp53+binding+domain+on+viral+replication+and+transformation.&rft.au=Peden%2C+K+W%3BSrinivasan%2C+A%3BVartikar%2C+J+V%3BPipas%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Peden&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+genes&rft.issn=09208569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The rubella virus putative replicase interacts with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. AN - 79906054; 9608663 AB - In utero fetal infection of rubella virus (RV), a positive-stranded RNA virus, frequently induces birth defects if contracted in the first trimester of pregnancy. The underlying mechanism of RV-induced birth defects is not known. Birth defects are also common in certain DNA viral infections such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). During HCMV infection, one of its proteins interacts with a cell growth regulatory protein, the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and stimulates DNA synthesis which is associated with chromosomal damage and cellular mitotic arrest. These affects have been implicated in HCMV induced teratogenesis. Since RV and HCMV both cause teratogenesis, we postulated that during RV infection, a virus-encoded protein might interact with Rb and affect fetal cell growth. In the present study, we have identified a known Rb-binding motif, L x C x E (LPCAE) in the carboxy-terminal half of the putative replicase (NSP90) of RV and demonstrated that the C-terminal region specifically binds to GST-Rb in vitro. Further, by coimmunoprecipitating NSP90 and Rb using specific antibodies to respective proteins, we have confirmed that NSP90 specifically binds to Rb in vivo as well. In addition, RV replication was shown to be less in null-mutant (Rb-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells than in wild-type (Rb+/+) cells, suggesting a possible physiological role for this interaction. Thus, in facilitating RV replication, binding of NSP90 to Rb potentially alters the cell growth regulatory property of Rb, and this could be one of the initial steps in RV-induced teratogenesis. JF - Virus genes AU - Atreya, C D AU - Lee, N S AU - Forng, R Y AU - Hofmann, J AU - Washington, G AU - Marti, G AU - Nakhasi, H L AD - Division of Viral Products, University of Leipzig, Germany. Atreya@A1.CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0920-8569, 0920-8569 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - 0 KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - DNA replicase KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Vero Cells KW - Mice KW - DNA Replication KW - Binding Sites KW - Rubella virus -- physiology KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- metabolism KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rubella virus -- metabolism KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79906054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+genes&rft.atitle=The+rubella+virus+putative+replicase+interacts+with+the+retinoblastoma+tumor+suppressor+protein.&rft.au=Atreya%2C+C+D%3BLee%2C+N+S%3BForng%2C+R+Y%3BHofmann%2C+J%3BWashington%2C+G%3BMarti%2C+G%3BNakhasi%2C+H+L&rft.aulast=Atreya&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+genes&rft.issn=09208569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injury visits to hospital emergency departments: United States, 1992-95. AN - 79904051; 9604689 AB - This report describes ambulatory care visits for injuries to hospital emergency departments in the United States. Statistics are presented on selected patient, hospital, and visit characteristics. The data presented in this report were collected in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) over a period of 4 years from 1992 through 1995. The NHAMCS is a national probability survey of visits to hospital emergency and outpatient departments of non-Federal, short-stay, and general hospitals in the United States. Sample data were combined across years and weighted to produce annual estimates. From 1992 through 1995, an estimated 147 million visits for injuries were made to hospital emergency departments in the United States, an average of 36.8 million visits per year with an annual utilization rate of 14.3 visits per 100 persons. Persons 15-24 years had a higher rate of injury-related emergency department visits compared with other age groups. The injury visit rate was higher in the Midwest than in the South or West. Injury visits represented 37.8 percent of all visits to hospital emergency departments but 53.5 percent of all visits for children between 5 and 14 years and 48.5 percent of all visits for persons 15-24 years. Open wounds accounted for the largest proportion of injuries (22.0 percent). The leading external causes of injuries included falls, being struck by or striking against a person or object, and motor vehicle traffic injuries. For all ages, 6.3 percent of the injury visits had a disposition of admission for inpatient care, while almost one-quarter of injury visits by persons 65 years and over resulted in hospitalization. ED visits caused by poisonings or firearm injuries were more likely to result in hospitalization compared with other causes. JF - Vital and health statistics. Series 13, Data from the National Health Survey AU - Burt, C W AU - Fingerhut, L A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 1 EP - 76 IS - 131 SN - 0083-2006, 0083-2006 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Wounds, Gunshot -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Hospitals, General -- statistics & numerical data KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Ambulatory Care -- utilization KW - Child KW - Midwestern United States -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Outpatient Clinics, Hospital -- utilization KW - Accidents, Traffic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ambulatory Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Patient Admission -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Outpatient Clinics, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79904051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+13%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.atitle=Injury+visits+to+hospital+emergency+departments%3A+United+States%2C+1992-95.&rft.au=Burt%2C+C+W%3BFingerhut%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=131&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+13%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.issn=00832006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational response at the splenic T-lymphocyte hprt locus in mice treated as neonates: contrasting effects of the carcinogens N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, dimethylnitrosamine, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. AN - 79869474; 9585262 AB - The newborn mouse tumorigenicity assay, which involves the treatment of animals during the first two weeks after birth and monitoring tumor induction after a year, has been suggested as a cost- and time-effective alternative to the conventional two-year rodent bioassay. In order to evaluate whether or not lymphocyte hprt mutant induction is an accurate predictor of carcinogenicity in the assay, we determined the frequencies of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) lymphocytes in the spleens of mice neonatally treated with the carcinogenic mutagens N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Male C57BL/6 pups were injected on postnatal days 8 and 15, and the frequency of TGr T-lymphocytes was measured in groups of three animals, sacrificed periodically up to 31 weeks post-treatment. Compared to background frequencies of 1.1-2.9 x 10(-6), mutant frequencies (MFS) reached 155.1 x 10(-6) following a cumulative dose of 49 mg ENU/kg body weight and 172.3 x 10(-6) following a cumulative dose of 142 mg ENU/kg. These results show that TGr lymphocyte mutations can be induced and measured in mice treated as neonates and that the induced MFs found for mice treated neonatally with ENU are comparable with frequencies reported for the treatment of adult animals with the same chemical. In contrast, treatment with the promutagenic and procarcinogenic compounds DMN (at a maximum concentration of 10.5 mg/kg) and PhIP (26.2 mg/kg) did not result in an increase in lymphocyte MF, suggesting that reactive metabolites of these compounds may not be reaching cells that are sensitive for mutation fixation. The results indicate that the lymphocyte hprt assay may fail to predict the carcinogenicity of some test chemicals in the neonatal mouse bioassay. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dass, S B AU - Heflich, R H AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 243 EP - 247 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Imidazoles KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - False Negative Reactions KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Alkylating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Imidazoles -- pharmacology KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79869474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutational+response+at+the+splenic+T-lymphocyte+hprt+locus+in+mice+treated+as+neonates%3A+contrasting+effects+of+the+carcinogens+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea%2C+dimethylnitrosamine%2C+and+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+B%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the types of mutations induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the lacI and hprt genes of Big Blue rats. AN - 79793755; 9544192 AB - An important question regarding the use of transgenic reporter genes to detect mutation in rodents is how the types of mutations recovered in transgenes compare with the types of mutations found in endogenous genes. In this study, we examined mutations induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the lacI transgene and the endogenous hprt gene of lymphocytes from Big Blue rats and in the hprt gene of lymphocytes from nontransgenic Fischer 344 rats. The overall mutation profiles found in these genes were remarkably similar: the majority of mutations were base pair substitutions, with the most common mutation being A:T-->T:A transversion. Differences were found for the mutational profiles in the endogenous gene and transgene with respect to the location of the mutations and the orientation of basepair substitutions in the DNA strands. In most cases, these differences could be explained by the nature of the target genes. The results support the use of the lacI transgene for detecting in vivo mutation. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Shelton, S D AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Chen, J B AU - Aidoo, A AU - Casciano, D A AU - Heflich, R H AD - rmittelst@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 149 EP - 156 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Repressor Proteins KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Point Mutation -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Transgenes -- drug effects KW - Point Mutation -- drug effects KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- drug effects KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- pharmacology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Repressor Proteins -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79793755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+types+of+mutations+induced+by+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+in+the+lacI+and+hprt+genes+of+Big+Blue+rats.&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BChen%2C+J+B%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration update. The MedWatch program. AN - 79778978; 9541064 JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - White, G G AU - Love, L AD - MedWatch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 145 EP - 149 VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79778978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+update.+The+MedWatch+program.&rft.au=White%2C+G+G%3BLove%2C+L&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stressors and adverse outcomes for female construction workers. AN - 79747921; 9552269 AB - The authors examined the impact of a number of job stressors, including sexual harassment and gender-based discrimination, on female construction workers' level of job satisfaction and psychological and physical health. Results from a telephone survey with 211 female laborers indicated that having responsibility for others' safety and having support from supervisors and male coworkers was related to greater job satisfaction. Increased reported psychological symptoms were also related to increased responsibility, as well as skill underutilization, experiencing sexual harassment and gender-based discrimination from supervisors and coworkers, and having to overcompensate at work. Perceptions of overcompensation at work and job uncertainty were positively associated with self-reports of insomnia. Finally, sexual harassment and gender discrimination were positively related to reports of increased nausea and headaches. JF - Journal of occupational health psychology AU - Goldenhar, L M AU - Swanson, N G AU - Hurrell, J J AU - Ruder, A AU - Deddens, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 19 EP - 32 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1076-8998, 1076-8998 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Affective Symptoms -- prevention & control KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Organizational Culture KW - Adult KW - Affective Symptoms -- psychology KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Somatoform Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Sexual Harassment -- psychology KW - Job Satisfaction KW - Sexual Harassment -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- psychology KW - Gender Identity KW - Somatoform Disorders -- psychology KW - Stress, Psychological -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79747921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+health+psychology&rft.atitle=Stressors+and+adverse+outcomes+for+female+construction+workers.&rft.au=Goldenhar%2C+L+M%3BSwanson%2C+N+G%3BHurrell%2C+J+J%3BRuder%2C+A%3BDeddens%2C+J&rft.aulast=Goldenhar&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+health+psychology&rft.issn=10768998&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) motifs-polymerase chain reaction/capillary electrophoresis. AN - 79736904; 9511864 AB - The molecular technique, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produces genomic DNA fingerprint that discriminate bacterial species and strains. This technique was applied to the characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, an important food-borne pathogen implicated in numerous cases of listeriosis. The ERIC-PCR resulted in distinct DNA fingerprinting patterns of all L. monocytogene serotypes and Listeria species. Analysis of the genomic DNA fingerprints was accomplished using capillary electrophoresis (CE), an alternative technique to the conventional agarose gel method. The optimization of CE conditions (electrokinetic injection, applied voltage) resulted in the resolution of amplified DNA fragments up to 1000 bp. Comparisons of electropherograms provided genomic fingerprint templates which could be further used for supplementary information. The ERIC-PCR method coupled to CE provides a rapid technique in differentiating bacterial spp., and may contribute relevant information in food-borne outbreak studies. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Sciacchitano, C J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Northeast Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11232, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 66 EP - 70 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - DNA Fingerprinting KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79736904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=DNA+fingerprinting+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+using+enterobacterial+repetitive+intergenic+consensus+%28ERIC%29+motifs-polymerase+chain+reaction%2Fcapillary+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Sciacchitano%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Sciacchitano&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin A0 and alpha-crosslinked hemoglobin (alpha-DBBF) potentiate agonist-induced platelet aggregation through the platelet thromboxane receptor. AN - 79729330; 9507752 AB - Chemically modified hemoglobins are potential oxygen-carrying blood substitutes, but their in vivo administration has been associated with a variety of unexpected side events, including increased platelet reactivity. We studied the effects of hemoglobin A0 (HbA0) and alpha-crosslinked hemoglobin (alpha-DBBF) on platelets in vitro. Neither hemoglobin A0 nor alpha-DBBF activated platelets when added alone, but both proteins potentiated submaximal agonist-induced platelet aggregation without increasing other markers of platelet activation such as serotonin secretion. Only agonists that are known to cause release of platelet arachidonic acid (AA) were potentiated while aggregation induced by ADP, which does not release AA, was not potentiated. Blockade of the thromboxane receptor with SQ-29,548 prevented the HbA0-induced and the alpha-DBBF-induced potentiation suggesting that the AA/thromboxane signaling pathway mediates the interaction of platelets with hemoglobin. JF - Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology AU - Mondoro, T H AU - Alayash, A I AU - Ryan, B A AU - Terle, D A AU - Vostal, J G AD - Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 1 EP - 16 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 1073-1199, 1073-1199 KW - Blood Substitutes KW - 0 KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex KW - Receptors, Prostaglandin KW - Receptors, Thromboxane KW - Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2 KW - bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate-crosslinked hemoglobin A(0) KW - Arachidonic Acid KW - 27YG812J1I KW - Heme KW - 42VZT0U6YR KW - hemoglobin A(0) KW - 54651-57-9 KW - 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid KW - 76898-47-0 KW - Collagen KW - 9007-34-5 KW - Hemoglobin A KW - 9034-51-9 KW - Thrombin KW - EC 3.4.21.5 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Index Medicus KW - Collagen -- drug effects KW - Blood Substitutes -- pharmacology KW - Thrombin -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Heme -- pharmacology KW - Arachidonic Acid -- agonists KW - Arachidonic Acid -- metabolism KW - Collagen -- agonists KW - Receptors, Prostaglandin -- drug effects KW - Second Messenger Systems -- drug effects KW - 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid -- agonists KW - Membrane Proteins -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex -- drug effects KW - Thrombin -- metabolism KW - Blood Platelets -- chemistry KW - Aspirin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Receptors, Thromboxane -- blood KW - Hemoglobin A -- pharmacology KW - Platelet Aggregation -- drug effects KW - Aspirin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79729330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artificial+cells%2C+blood+substitutes%2C+and+immobilization+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin+A0+and+alpha-crosslinked+hemoglobin+%28alpha-DBBF%29+potentiate+agonist-induced+platelet+aggregation+through+the+platelet+thromboxane+receptor.&rft.au=Mondoro%2C+T+H%3BAlayash%2C+A+I%3BRyan%2C+B+A%3BTerle%2C+D+A%3BVostal%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Mondoro&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Artificial+cells%2C+blood+substitutes%2C+and+immobilization+biotechnology&rft.issn=10731199&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methanol-induced vision loss. AN - 79704423; 9479937 AB - Accidental or purposeful consumption of small amounts of methanol can lead to severe vision loss or death. Vision loss is rapid--usually symmetric--and most often affects the central (or centrocecal) visual field, although peripheral visual loss may occur as well. Fixed, dilated pupils and optic atrophy, with or without excavation, are the most common findings in persons with methanol-induced vision loss. A 35-year-old man was examined after consuming methanol in the form of windshield wiper fluid. Despite relatively rapid treatment for the patient's methanol poisoning and associated metabolic acidosis, permanent, severe vision loss with associated optic neuropathy developed. Because of the finding of fixed, dilated pupils on the patient's initial presentation, severe vision loss was an expected result for this patient. Prompt recognition and proper medical treatment are the main factors in successful management of methanol poisoning. Even if proper and timely medical response is achieved, however, the patient may still experience permanent neurologic sequelae or death. Notably, pupillary status may provide the best prognostic information for both morbidity and mortality. JF - Journal of the American Optometric Association AU - Sullivan-Mee, M AU - Solis, K AD - U.S. Indian Health Service, Chinle Public Health Service Hospital, Arizona, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 57 EP - 65 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0244, 0003-0244 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fundus Oculi KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Visual Acuity KW - Male KW - Acidosis -- pathology KW - Vision, Low -- chemically induced KW - Solvents -- poisoning KW - Pupil Disorders -- pathology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- pathology KW - Methanol -- poisoning KW - Acidosis -- chemically induced KW - Pupil Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Vision, Low -- pathology KW - Optic Nerve Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79704423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Optometric+Association&rft.atitle=Methanol-induced+vision+loss.&rft.au=Sullivan-Mee%2C+M%3BSolis%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sullivan-Mee&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Optometric+Association&rft.issn=00030244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental exposures that affect the endocrine system: public health implications. AN - 79698671; 9487091 AB - In recent years much attention has been focused on the potential for a wide range of xenobiotic chemicals to interact with and disrupt the endocrine systems of animal and human populations. An overview of the chemicals that have been implicated as endocrine disruptors is presented. The ubiquity in the environment and associated body burdens of these chemicals in human populations are described. Potential mechanisms of action are reviewed, including the role of specific intracellular receptors and their interactions with endogenous and exogenous materials. The subsequent upregulation or downregulation of physiological processes at critical stages of development is discussed. The potential for joint toxic action and interaction of chemical mixtures is also discussed. The acknowledged role of wildlife populations as sentinels of potential human health effects is reviewed, and the weight of evidence for the role and impact of endocrine disruptors is presented. The implications of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals for human health are reviewed, with special emphasis on the potential for transgenerational effects in at-risk populations. Recommendations for future research include the development of (1) structural activity and in vivo and in vitro functional toxicology methods to screen chemicals for their endocrine-disrupting ability, (2) biomarkers of exposure and effect, and (3) in situ sentinel systems. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - DeRosa, C AU - Richter, P AU - Pohl, H AU - Jones, D E AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. CYDO@CDC.GOV PY - 1998 SP - 3 EP - 26 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Joints -- drug effects KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacology KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79698671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Environmental+exposures+that+affect+the+endocrine+system%3A+public+health+implications.&rft.au=DeRosa%2C+C%3BRichter%2C+P%3BPohl%2C+H%3BJones%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=DeRosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bridging study between liquid chromatography and microbial inhibition assay methods for determining amoxicillin residues in catfish muscle. AN - 79697217; 9477560 AB - A bridging study was conducted to establish the correlation between a liquid chromatographic (LC) method and a microbial inhibition (MI) method for analysis of amoxicillin residues in catfish muscle. The LC procedure involved precolumn derivatization with formaldehyde followed by LC separation with fluorescence detection. The MI procedure used Bacillus stearothermophilus as the test organism and was validated in this study before the bridging investigation. The 2 methods were compared for determination of both fortified and incurred samples. No significant differences were found between the methods when all data were included in statistical computations. The linear correlation of LC means versus MI means had a slope of 0.972 and a negligible intercept (1.0 ng/g), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9962. LC was more specific and showed better sensitivity than MI for amoxicillin residues at < or = 10 ng/g. For practical purposes, values obtained by the 2 methods can be considered equivalent. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ang, C Y AU - Luo, W AU - Kiessling, C R AU - McKim, K AU - Lochmann, R AU - Walker, C C AU - Thompson, H C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Chemistry, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 33 EP - 39 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Amoxicillin KW - 804826J2HU KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- veterinary KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests -- veterinary KW - Geobacillus stearothermophilus -- drug effects KW - Aquaculture KW - Amoxicillin -- administration & dosage KW - Amoxicillin -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Amoxicillin -- pharmacology KW - Ictaluridae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79697217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=A+bridging+study+between+liquid+chromatography+and+microbial+inhibition+assay+methods+for+determining+amoxicillin+residues+in+catfish+muscle.&rft.au=Ang%2C+C+Y%3BLuo%2C+W%3BKiessling%2C+C+R%3BMcKim%2C+K%3BLochmann%2C+R%3BWalker%2C+C+C%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of genomic instability in lung cancer tissues by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. AN - 79686642; 9472718 AB - Genomic instability resulting in multiple mutations is believed to be a driving force in the carcinogenic process. In this study, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, a simple PCR-based DNA polymorphism assay system, was used for detecting genomic instability in lung cancer tissues. DNAs from 20 lung cancer (18 non-small cell lung cancers and two small cell lung cancers) and their corresponding normal tissues were amplified individually by RAPD with seven different 10-base arbitrary primers. PCR products from RAPD were electrophoretically separated in agarose gels and banding profiles were visualized by ethidium bromide staining. The ability to detect genomic instability in 20 cancer tissues by each single primer ranged from 15 to 75%. DNA changes were detected by at least one primer in 19 (95%) cancer tissues. These results seem to indicate that genomic rearrangement is associated with lung carcinogenesis and that RAPD analysis is useful for the detection of genomic instability in lung cancer tissues. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ong, T M AU - Song, B AU - Qian, H W AU - Wu, Z L AU - Whong, W Z AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. too2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 233 EP - 235 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Biopsy KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Small Cell -- pathology KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Carcinoma, Small Cell -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79686642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+genomic+instability+in+lung+cancer+tissues+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis.&rft.au=Ong%2C+T+M%3BSong%2C+B%3BQian%2C+H+W%3BWu%2C+Z+L%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Illegal use of beta-adrenergic agonists in the United States. AN - 79682214; 9464900 AB - Clenbuterol (CBL) is a member of the class of drugs called beta-agonists, which have powerful desirable and undesirable effects. Clenbuterol has the ability to increase muscle mass and residues in tissue of treated animals but can cause symptoms of acute poisoning in people. Symptoms, but no deaths, from CBL residue-induced food poisoning have been reported from investigations of separate events in Spain and France. In 1991, FDA sent letters to all states and USDA/FSIS advising them of the possibility of illegal CBL use in domestic animals and of our concern about adverse effects on public health if residue was present in food. The FDA asked U.S. Customs to be alert to attempts at illegal importation and to advise that we were prepared to investigate distribution, sale, or use of the drug. Analytical methods are available to assay for CBL residue in edible tissues and in the retinal tissues of the eye. Methods are being developed for assay of noninvasive samples such as hair. Residues of CBL have been found in one sample of edible tissue and several samples of retinal tissues from show animals and in some classes of commercial meat-producing animals. Several individuals have been found guilty of distributing CBL, cases are pending, and investigations are continuing. It is possible that CBL will be approved for safe conditions of use. The scenario of ultimately one or more beta-agonist drugs approved for legal use in food-producing animals and the probable continued availability of several illegal analogs will be a challenging containment task for regulators and the leaders of the meat-producing livestock industries. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Mitchell, G A AU - Dunnavan, G AD - Office of Surveillance & Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 208 EP - 211 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Growth Substances KW - Clenbuterol KW - XTZ6AXU7KN KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Clenbuterol -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Sheep KW - Clenbuterol -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Cattle KW - Eye -- chemistry KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Growth Substances -- therapeutic use KW - Animals, Domestic -- physiology KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Growth Substances -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- therapeutic use KW - Animals, Domestic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79682214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Illegal+use+of+beta-adrenergic+agonists+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+G+A%3BDunnavan%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exfoliated ductal epithelial cells in human breast milk: a source of target tissue DNA for molecular epidemiologic studies of breast cancer. AN - 79674509; 9456241 AB - Studies of biomarkers of putative breast carcinogens, such as DNA adducts, have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining representative ductal epithelial cells (DECs) from breast tissue. In this feasibility study, we sought to ascertain if exfoliated DECs in breast milk could be a source of DNA for biomarker studies. Specimens (n = 38) were collected over 24 h from nursing women, and a questionnaire was administered. Cell pellets were isolated by repeated centrifugation and washing. Pellets were resuspended and incubated for 2 h, with glass adherence used to remove monocytes, resulting in an enrichment of DECs of >80%. Nonadherent cells were removed, washed, and homogenized for DNA isolation. Accurate DNA quantification was performed by 32P-postlabeling of normal nucleotides under conditions of excess ATP. Although there was wide variability in the amounts of DNA recovered, DNA yield was significantly associated with the number of weeks postpartum (P < 0.01), with optimal yield between 6 and 8 weeks after birth. There were no significant associations (P < 0.05) between the number of cells recovered and milk volume, method of collection, or the number of samples in a 24-h period per individual. This study demonstrates that breast milk can be used as a source of DECs for biomarker studies of gene-environment interaction and that sufficient DNA can be recovered to evaluate carcinogen-DNA adducts and to perform genotyping assays. Using this approach, exfoliated DECs may serve as a source of representative cells for studies of breast carcinogenesis and biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and effect. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Thompson, P A AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Vena, S M AU - Hill, H L AU - McClure, G H AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Ambrosone, C B AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 37 EP - 42 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Humans KW - Pilot Projects KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Milk, Human -- cytology KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Epithelial Cells KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79674509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Exfoliated+ductal+epithelial+cells+in+human+breast+milk%3A+a+source+of+target+tissue+DNA+for+molecular+epidemiologic+studies+of+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+P+A%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BVena%2C+S+M%3BHill%2C+H+L%3BMcClure%2C+G+H%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BAmbrosone%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhabdomyolysis in human immunodeficiency virus--positive patients taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AN - 79669219; 9455569 JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Singer, S J AU - Racoosin, J A AU - Viraraghavan, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 233 EP - 234 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination KW - 8064-90-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- chemically induced KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79669219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Rhabdomyolysis+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus--positive+patients+taking+trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.&rft.au=Singer%2C+S+J%3BRacoosin%2C+J+A%3BViraraghavan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peroxynitrite-mediated heme oxidation and protein modification of native and chemically modified hemoglobins. AN - 79659362; 9439583 AB - Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) has been shown to play a critical role in tissue reperfusion injury. We have studied the reactions of ONOO- with native and two chemically modified hemoglobins that are being developed as oxygen-carrying reperfusion agents for use in a variety of clinical conditions. Reactions of native and chemically modified oxyhemoglobins (oxyHb) at 7.4 with ONOO- lead to a rapid oxidation of the heme iron to ferric (HbFe3+) form. Addition of excess molar ratios of ONOO- to the ferryl (HbFe4+) heme protein induced a spectral change indicative of the reduction of HbFe4+ to the HbFe3+ oxidation state. No major spectral changes were noted when ONOO- was added to methemoglobin (HbFe3+) or cyanomethemoglobin (Hb3+CN-), whereas the carbonmonoxy derivative of ferrous hemoglobin (HbCO) underwent an immediate spectral change suggesting the displacement of the CO ligand and oxidation of the heme iron. Rapid mixing of ONOO- with oxyHb in the stopped-flow spectrophotometer yielded biphasic kinetic plots for the oxidation of the ferrous iron (Fe2+). Replots of the apparent rate constants for native, cross-linked and polymerized, cross-linked hemoglobins as a function of ONOO- concentration were linear, yielding a single second-order rate for all hemoglobins of between 2 to 3 x 10(4) M-1 s-1, independent of the oxygen affinities and molecular sizes of the proteins. Oxidative modifications of the protein by ONOO-, occurring primarily at the beta subunits, were observed in reaction mixtures of oxyHb and ONOO- using reverse-phase HPLC. The immuno-detection method confirms that nitration of tyrosine residues by ONOO- occurs on the hemoglobin molecule and contributes to the modifications observed. We postulate that the presence of hemoglobin in close proximity to ONOO- production sites in the vasculature can contribute to possible in vivo toxicity by a two-step mechanism involving (i) direct oxidation of the heme iron and (ii) nitration of the tyrosine residues on the molecule, leading to subsequent instability and heme loss from the protein. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Alayash, A I AU - Ryan, B A AU - Cashon, R E AD - Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Alayash@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 65 EP - 73 VL - 349 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Oxidants KW - peroxynitric acid KW - 26404-66-0 KW - Heme KW - 42VZT0U6YR KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Humans KW - Hemoglobins -- drug effects KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Heme -- chemistry KW - Nitrates -- pharmacology KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry KW - Heme -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79659362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Peroxynitrite-mediated+heme+oxidation+and+protein+modification+of+native+and+chemically+modified+hemoglobins.&rft.au=Alayash%2C+A+I%3BRyan%2C+B+A%3BCashon%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for preclinical development of anticancer drugs. AN - 79658987; 9443633 AB - The entry of new anticancer treatments into phase I clinical trials is ordinarily based on relatively modest preclinical data. This report defines the battery of preclinical tests important for assessing safety under an Investigational New Drug application (IND) and outlines a basis for extrapolating starting doses of investigational anticancer drugs in phase I clinical trials from animal toxicity studies. Types of preclinical studies for the support of marketing of a new anticancer drug are also discussed. This report addresses differences and similarities in the preclinical development of cytotoxic drugs (including photosensitizers and targeted delivery products), drugs used chronically (chemopreventive drugs, hormonal drugs, immunomodulators), and drugs intended to enhance the efficacy (MDR-reversing agents and radiation/chemotherapy sensitizers) or diminish the toxicity of currently used anticancer therapies. Factors to consider in the design of preclinical studies of combination therapies, alternative therapies, and adjuvant therapies in the treatment of cancer, and to support changes in clinical formulations or route of administration, are also discussed. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Ahn, C H AU - Andrews, P A AU - Brower, M E AU - Giorgio, D W AU - Goheer, M A AU - Lee-Ham, D Y AU - McGuinn, W D AU - Schmidt, W AU - Sun, C J AU - Tripathi, S C AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 173 EP - 185 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic KW - Drugs, Investigational -- therapeutic use KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Drugs, Investigational -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79658987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+preclinical+development+of+anticancer+drugs.&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BAndrews%2C+P+A%3BBrower%2C+M+E%3BGiorgio%2C+D+W%3BGoheer%2C+M+A%3BLee-Ham%2C+D+Y%3BMcGuinn%2C+W+D%3BSchmidt%2C+W%3BSun%2C+C+J%3BTripathi%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food from developing countries: steps to improve compliance. AN - 79639354; 11795330 AB - Developing countries seeking to expand their exports often turn to food exports and seek to market these products in developed countries such as the United States. To be successful, developing countries must overcome an array of obstacles, including the need to comply with the food safety and other requirements of the importing country. This article discusses how compliance with international food norms and national food laws benefits exporting and importing countries, what trends in food trade influence measures to deal with food problems, and what categories of controls are available to deal with good products offered for importation. The article concludes by outlining several suggested steps that can be taken to improve the likelihood of acceptability of food offered for importation. These steps include assessing the needs of the importing country and improving the physical, legal, and technical infrastructure in various ways. Technical assistance from developed countries and international organizations can assist developing countries, but such assistance needs to be carefully designed and coordinated. JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Horton, L R AD - Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 139 EP - 171 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Food Labeling KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Legislation, Food KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Food Industry -- organization & administration KW - Developing Countries KW - Commerce KW - Food Industry -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79639354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Food+from+developing+countries%3A+steps+to+improve+compliance.&rft.au=Horton%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenesis of the NS3 protease of dengue virus type 2. AN - 79632075; 9420267 AB - The flavivirus protease is composed of two viral proteins, NS2B and NS3. The amino-terminal portion of NS3 contains sequence and structural motifs characteristic of bacterial and cellular trypsin-like proteases. We have undertaken a mutational analysis of the region of NS3 which contains the catalytic serine, five putative substrate binding residues, and several residues that are highly conserved among flavivirus proteases and among all serine proteases. In all, 46 single-amino-acid substitutions were created in a cloned NS2B-NS3 cDNA fragment of dengue virus type 2, and the effect of each mutation on the extent of self-cleavage of the NS2B-NS3 precursor at the NS2B-NS3 junction was assayed in vivo. Twelve mutations almost completely or completely inhibited protease activity, 9 significantly reduced it, 14 decreased cleavage, and 11 yielded wild-type levels of activity. Substitution of alanine at ultraconserved residues abolished NS3 protease activity. Cleavage was also inhibited by substituting some residues that are conserved among flavivirus NS3 proteins. Two (Y150 and G153) of the five putative substrate binding residues could not be replaced by alanine, and only Y150 and N152 could be replaced by a conservative change. The two other putative substrate binding residues, D129 and F130, were more freely substitutable. By analogy with the trypsin model, it was proposed that D129 is located at the bottom of the substrate binding pocket so as to directly interact with the basic amino acid at the substrate cleavage site. Interestingly, we found that significant cleavage activity was displayed by mutants in which D129 was replaced by E, S, or A and that low but detectable protease activity was exhibited by mutants in which D129 was replaced by K, R, or L. Contrary to the proposed model, these results indicate that D129 is not a major determinant of substrate binding and that its interaction with the substrate, if it occurs at all, is not essential. This mutagenesis study provided us with an array of mutations that alter the cleavage efficiency of the dengue virus protease. Mutations that decrease protease activity without abolishing it are candidates for introduction into the dengue virus infectious full-length cDNA clone with the aim of creating potentially attenuated virus stocks. JF - Journal of virology AU - Valle, R P AU - Falgout, B AD - Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 624 EP - 632 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - NS3 protein, flavivirus KW - 0 KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - RNA Helicases KW - EC 3.6.4.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Cell Line KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- genetics KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Dengue Virus -- genetics KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dengue Virus -- enzymology KW - Dengue Virus -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79632075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Mutagenesis+of+the+NS3+protease+of+dengue+virus+type+2.&rft.au=Valle%2C+R+P%3BFalgout%2C+B&rft.aulast=Valle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virus Genes. 1995 Jan;9(2):105-12 [7732656] J Gen Virol. 1992 Sep;73 ( Pt 9):2305-12 [1328486] Cell. 1996 Oct 18;87(2):331-42 [8861916] Cell. 1996 Oct 18;87(2):343-55 [8861917] J Virol. 1995 Nov;69(11):7232-43 [7474145] J Gen Virol. 1997 Feb;78 ( Pt 2):337-41 [9018055] J Virol. 1997 Jul;71(7):5366-74 [9188607] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2034-42 [8383225] Virology. 1993 Apr;193(2):888-99 [8460492] Virology. 1994 Feb 15;199(1):114-23 [8116234] J Virol. 1994 Sep;68(9):5765-71 [8057458] Virology. 1994 Nov 1;204(2):526-40 [7941319] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1600-5 [7853494] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Apr 20;27(2):157-62 [6035483] Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33 [4023707] Virology. 1986 Feb;149(1):10-26 [3753811] Biochemistry. 1987 May 5;26(9):2616-23 [3111531] Virology. 1987 Aug;159(2):217-28 [3039728] J Gen Virol. 1988 Jan;69 ( Pt 1):1-21 [2826659] Anal Biochem. 1987 Nov 1;166(2):368-79 [2449095] Gene. 1989 Feb 20;75(2):197-211 [2714651] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 May 25;17(10):3889-97 [2543956] Virology. 1989 Aug;171(2):637-9 [2548336] Virology. 1990 Jan;174(1):250-63 [2136778] Virology. 1990 Feb;174(2):450-8 [2154882] Virology. 1990 Jun;176(2):643-7 [2345967] J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4364-74 [2143543] Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):91-2 [2234068] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8898-902 [2147282] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1990;44:649-88 [2174669] Proteins. 1991;9(3):180-90 [2006136] J Gen Virol. 1991 Apr;72 ( Pt 4):851-8 [1826736] J Virol. 1991 May;65(5):2467-75 [2016768] Virus Genes. 1991 Apr;5(2):95-109 [1829286] J Virol. 1991 Sep;65(9):4749-58 [1651406] Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):872-9 [1678899] J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6042-50 [1833562] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10292-6 [1658800] Virology. 1992 Jun;188(2):953-8 [1585663] Virology. 1993 Feb;192(2):596-604 [8421901] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell wall preparations from environmental yeasts: effect on alveolar macrophage function in vitro. AN - 79631268; 9852493 AB - Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) is associated with inhalation of high concentrations of organic materials and is a noninfectious illness characterized by fever, malaise, myalgia, and neutrophilic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Studies in our laboratory of fungi in fresh lumber have demonstrated that yeasts may predominate and have raised the issue of potential exposure of sawmill workers to yeasts. Zymosan, a cell wall preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a potent stimulator of alveolar macrophages (AM). In the present study, preparations from the cell walls of Pichia fabianii, Candida sake, Trichosporon capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Cryptococcus laurentii were compared with zymosan and beta-1,3-glucan for their ability to stimulate AM and activate complement. All species activated complement. P. fabianii, C. sake, T. capitatum, R. glutinis, C. laurentii, as well as zymosan and glucan, stimulated superoxide anion and leukotriene B4 production in a dose-dependent fashion, but R. glutinis and C. laurentii were much less active. Zymosan, glucan, P. fabianii, and R. glutinis treatment of AM resulted in increased phagocytosis of labeled sheep RBCs, whereas there was no effect with C. sake or C. laurentii and T. capitatum significantly inhibiting phagocytosis. These results suggest that exposure to high concentrations of yeast could provoke pulmonary inflammation resulting in an episode of ODTS. JF - Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Shahan, T A AU - Simpson, J AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH/DRDS, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. WGS1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 65 EP - 71 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Leukotriene B4 KW - 1HGW4DR56D KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Leukotriene B4 -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sheep KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Syndrome KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Phagocytosis KW - Yeasts KW - Zymosan -- pharmacology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Pneumonia -- physiopathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79631268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+agricultural+and+environmental+medicine+%3A+AAEM&rft.atitle=Cell+wall+preparations+from+environmental+yeasts%3A+effect+on+alveolar+macrophage+function+in+vitro.&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+W+G%3BShahan%2C+T+A%3BSimpson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+agricultural+and+environmental+medicine+%3A+AAEM&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifiers of lung cancer risk in uranium miners from the Colorado Plateau. AN - 79630617; 9415577 AB - Given the scientific consensus that exposure to radon decay products causes lung cancer, most recent studies have focused on the nature of the exposure-response relationship. Since residential radon exposure is now a primary public health issue, a better understanding of the effects of low levels of radon as well as factors modifying risk estimates has become very important. Several factors are shown to affect risk estimates in the latest update of the vital status follow-up (through 1990) and smoking history for the cohort of underground uranium miners in the Colorado Plateau. This analysis confirms earlier results indicating a strong dependence of relative risk estimates upon attained age. Quantitative estimates of relative risk as a function of cumulative exposure to radon decay products (WLM) are provided for three age strata. The non-linearity often reported in the Colorado Plateau data is shown to be at least partially due to an inverse exposure-rate effect, i.e., low exposure rates for long periods are more hazardous than equivalent cumulative exposure received at higher rates for shorter periods of time. However, this effect is shown to diminish at lower exposure rates and cumulative exposures. In addition, use of the new smoking data indicates that the radon/smoking interaction is submultiplicative and may depend upon attained age. JF - Health physics AU - Hornung, R W AU - Deddens, J A AU - Roscoe, R J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 12 EP - 21 VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Cohort Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Colorado KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - Radon -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79630617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Modifiers+of+lung+cancer+risk+in+uranium+miners+from+the+Colorado+Plateau.&rft.au=Hornung%2C+R+W%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BRoscoe%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hornung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of replication-competent hepatitis A virus constructs containing insertions at the N terminus of the polyprotein. AN - 79630156; 9420233 AB - To determine whether hepatitis A virus (HAV) could tolerate the insertion of exogenous sequences, we constructed full-length HAV cDNAs containing in-frame insertions at the N terminus of the polyprotein and transfected the derived T7 RNA polymerase in vitro transcripts into FRhK-4 cells. Replication of HAVvec1, a construct containing an insertion of 60 nucleotides coding for a polylinker, a 2B/2C cleavage site for HAV protease 3Cpro, and two initiation codons that restored the sequence of the N terminus of the polyprotein, was detected 2 weeks after transfection by indirect immunofluorescence analysis using anti-HAV monoclonal antibodies. Western blot analysis of HAVvec1-infected cells using anti-VP2 and anti-VP4 antibodies failed to detect the expression of the inserted sequences. Insertion of a 24-mer oligonucleotide coding for a FLAG epitope into HAVvec1 resulted in its HAV-mediated expression which was retained upon deletion of a Gln residue from the inserted 2B/2C cleavage site. Western blot analysis using anti-FLAG and anti-VP2 antibodies showed that the FLAG epitope accumulated in infected cells fused to VP0. Replacement of the FLAG epitope with an epitope of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum resulted in its stable HAV-mediated expression for at least six serial passages in FRhK-4 cells. Sedimentation analysis in sucrose density gradients showed that the CSP epitope accumulated in infected cells fused to VP0, forming 80S empty capsids which also contained native VP0. Our data suggest that the HAV internal ribosome entry site can efficiently direct dual initiation of translation of the polyprotein from AUG codons separated by 66 to 78 nucleotides and show that HAV can tolerate insertions at the N terminus of the polyprotein. JF - Journal of virology AU - Zhang, Y AU - Kaplan, G G AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 349 EP - 357 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Epitopes KW - Oligopeptides KW - Peptides KW - Protozoan Proteins KW - Viral Proteins KW - circumsporozoite protein, Protozoan KW - FLAG peptide KW - 98849-88-8 KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - 3C proteases KW - EC 3.4.22.28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Epitopes -- genetics KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Protozoan Proteins -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Peptides -- genetics KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Virus Replication -- genetics KW - Hepatovirus -- physiology KW - Virus Replication -- physiology KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Hepatovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79630156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+replication-competent+hepatitis+A+virus+constructs+containing+insertions+at+the+N+terminus+of+the+polyprotein.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Y%3BKaplan%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1994 Sep;68(9):6064-8 [8057483] Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 May 25;21(10):2445-51 [8389442] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):9775-9 [7937890] Mol Biol Rep. 1994 May;19(3):147-59 [7969103] Cancer Res. 1994 Dec 15;54(24):6359-64 [7527296] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1727-33 [7853510] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994;10 Suppl 2:S57-60 [7865334] J Virol. 1995 May;69(5):3171-5 [7707546] J Virol. 1995 May;69(5):3193-6 [7707549] Science. 1994 Sep 2;265(5177):1448-51 [8073288] Virology. 1993 Dec;197(2):616-23 [8249284] J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):1066-74 [8289336] J Immunol Methods. 1994 Jan 3;167(1-2):279-87 [7508479] JAMA. 1994 May 4;271(17):1328-34 [8158817] Nature. 1994 May 5;369(6475):72-6 [8164744] J Virol. 1994 Jun;68(6):3925-33 [8189529] J Virol. 1995 Aug;69(8):5132-7 [7609083] J Virol. 1996 May;70(5):2861-8 [8627760] Virology. 1996 May 1;219(1):140-9 [8623523] Microbiol Rev. 1996 Sep;60(3):499-511 [8840784] EMBO J. 1996 Aug 15;15(16):4282-96 [8861957] J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):8124-7 [8892938] Intervirology. 1996;39(1-2):72-8 [8957672] Trends Microbiol. 1997 Feb;5(2):52-8 [9108930] Virology. 1965 Nov;27(3):434-6 [4285107] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Nov;18(5):1237-43 [6315771] J Virol. 1986 Oct;60(1):124-30 [3018280] Virology. 1986 Dec;155(2):732-6 [3024410] Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3305-15 [3033601] Nature. 1987 Jun 11-17;327(6122):482-6 [3035380] J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3035-9 [3041024] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4697-702 [2168959] J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5284-9 [2170672] Parasite Immunol. 1991 Mar;13(2):161-70 [2052404] Methods Enzymol. 1991;203:386-400 [1662331] Virology. 1992 Feb;186(2):609-18 [1310188] EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1105-10 [1339342] Biochemistry. 1992 Apr 7;31(13):3358-63 [1313294] J Virol. 1992 May;66(5):3161-7 [1373205] J Virol. 1992 Jul;66(7):4556-63 [1318418] N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 13;327(7):453-7 [1320740] J Med Virol. 1992 Jul;37(3):220-7 [1331311] Virology. 1993 Jun;194(2):616-26 [8389076] J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3712-9 [8389902] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum on sliced raw potatoes in a modified atmosphere with and without sulfite. AN - 73857760; 9708268 AB - The ability of Clostridium botulinum type A or B spores to grow and produce toxin on fresh raw potatoes in a modified atmosphere with or without sulfite was investigated at 22 degrees C. Fresh, peeled, sliced potatoes, untreated or dipped for 2 min into 0.7% sulfite solution and drained, were surface-inoculated at several concentration levels with a mixture of C. botulinum spores, either type A or B. They were placed in a modified atmosphere (30% N/70% CO2) within oxygen-impermeable bags (200 g/bag) and incubated at room temperature (22 degrees C). Toxicity was tested on days 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. After incubation, the potatoes were blended and centrifuged, and the Millipore-filtered supernatant fluid was injected intraperitoneally into mice. Sensory evaluation, except taste, was also performed. Potatoes inoculated with C. botulinum type A spores but untreated with NaHSO3 became toxic in 4 to 5 days, which coincided with the sensory evaluation "unfit for human consumption". Potatoes treated with NaHSO3 regardless of inoculum size or residual SO2 levels appeared acceptable for human consumption through day 7, even though they were toxic after 4 days of incubation. Although toxicity from type B spores occurred later and in fewer test samples than toxicity from type A, some potatoes again appeared acceptable but were toxic. Thus, although NaHSO3 markedly extended the consumer acceptability of peeled, sliced, raw potatoes at the abuse temperature, it did not inhibit outgrowth and toxin production by C. botulinum under these conditions. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Solomon, H M AU - Rhodehamel, E J AU - Kautter, D A AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, Food and Drug Administration, USA. hms@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 126 EP - 128 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Food Preservatives KW - 0 KW - Sulfites KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - sodium sulfite KW - VTK01UQK3G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- growth & development KW - Mice KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Food Packaging KW - Clostridium botulinum -- growth & development KW - Sulfites -- pharmacology KW - Botulinum Toxins -- toxicity KW - Food Preservatives -- pharmacology KW - Clostridium botulinum -- metabolism KW - Solanum tuberosum -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73857760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Growth+and+toxin+production+by+Clostridium+botulinum+on+sliced+raw+potatoes+in+a+modified+atmosphere+with+and+without+sulfite.&rft.au=Solomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J%3BKautter%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of current preclinical testing strategies for bacterial vaccines. AN - 70129986; 9855411 AB - A wide variety of bacterial vaccines is in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. These products range from whole killed or live attenuated bacterial organisms to purified proteins, peptides and plasmid DNA. Although preclinical strategies may be directed by a set of common guidelines focused on demonstrating safety and biological activity, the exact developmental scheme will depend on product-specific characteristics. In general, preclinical data should support the proposed clinical formulation and include detailed information on the source and quality of starting materials, manufacturing processes, characterization of bacterial seed stocks, potency, general safety, purity, and identity. Data describing product validation and testing may be appropriate depending on the type of product, e.g., genetic stability for recombinant constructs, details on inactivation or attenuation methods for organisms or toxins, demonstration of potency of combination products, and safety and toxicology studies of plasmid DNA vaccines or vaccines with novel adjuvants. The choice of dose, route, and formulation to be used clinically may be greatly affected by rigorous preclinical developmental strategies. JF - Developments in biological standardization AU - Falk, L A AU - Chandler, D K AU - Richman, P AD - Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines and Related Products Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 25 EP - 29 VL - 95 SN - 0301-5149, 0301-5149 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Vaccines KW - Vaccines, Combined KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- administration & dosage KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug Contamination KW - Vaccines, Combined -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Vaccines, Combined -- toxicity KW - Vaccines, Combined -- standards KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- standards KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- toxicity KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- pharmacology KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70129986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.atitle=Review+of+current+preclinical+testing+strategies+for+bacterial+vaccines.&rft.au=Falk%2C+L+A%3BChandler%2C+D+K%3BRichman%2C+P&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass spectrometric analysis of 2-deoxyribonucleoside and 2'-deoxyribonucleotide adducts with aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation. AN - 70124626; 9853382 AB - An important emerging issue in chemical carcinogenesis is the role that products of endogenous metabolism play in formation of covalently modified DNA. One example is the formation of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes as a result of endogenous and drug-stimulated lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), crotonaldehyde (CR), 2-hexenal (HX), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) react covalently with 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) residues on DNA to form promutagenic cyclic adducts that may be important in the etiology of cancer in humans and animals. The accurate quantification of such adducts provides a powerful tool in molecular epidemiology for assessing carcinogenic risks from various lifestyle choices (e.g. diet, drug use) in humans. 32P-Postlabeling is recognized as one of the most sensitive methods available for detection of DNA adducts in human tissues, but without adequate validation such methodology can yield inaccurate quantitative measurements. We have used LC separations in conjunction with electrospray ionization MS and tandem MS (triple quadrupole and hybrid quadrupole-orthogonal acceleration time of flight analyzers) to characterize MDA-, CR-, HX- and HNE-modified dG and nucleotide (3'- and 5'-monophosphate; 3',5'-bisphosphate) adducts. These data have been used to validate 32P-postlabeling methods for quantification of low level MDA-dG adducts formed in DNA of human and animal tissues. Availability of reliable methods for quantification of endogenous DNA damage in humans and animals is essential for determining unknown etiologies of cancer and for the assessment of cancer risks in humans. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Doerge, D R AU - Yi, P AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Preece, S W AU - Langridge, J AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. ddoerge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1665 EP - 1672 VL - 12 IS - 22 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Deoxyadenosines KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - 2-hexenal KW - 505-57-7 KW - 2-butenal KW - 9G72074TUW KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KW - K1CVM13F96 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Malondialdehyde -- analysis KW - Deoxyadenosines -- analysis KW - Aldehydes -- analysis KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analysis KW - Lipid Peroxidation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70124626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometric+analysis+of+2-deoxyribonucleoside+and+2%27-deoxyribonucleotide+adducts+with+aldehydes+derived+from+lipid+peroxidation.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BYi%2C+P%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BPreece%2C+S+W%3BLangridge%2C+J%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=1665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration ecological risk assessments for drugs used in aquaculture and in terrestrial animals. AN - 70087275; 9823587 JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Haley, C J AU - Eirkson, C AU - Geil, S AU - Mahanes, B AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 52 EP - 55 VL - 40 Suppl 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Veterinary Drugs -- toxicity KW - Ecology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Aquaculture -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70087275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration+ecological+risk+assessments+for+drugs+used+in+aquaculture+and+in+terrestrial+animals.&rft.au=Haley%2C+C+J%3BEirkson%2C+C%3BGeil%2C+S%3BMahanes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to cocaine or pharmacologically related compounds: effects on behavior and striatal dopamine receptors. AN - 70084829; 9839545 AB - Gestational cocaine (COC) exposure has been reported to alter behavior and possibly dopamine (DA) receptors. In this paper, we further examined the effects of prenatal COC (40 mg/kg, s.c.) on DA receptor binding and the behavioral response to quinpirole, a DA D2 receptor agonist. In an attempt to elucidate possible mechanisms of such effects, we exposed pregnant dams to specific reuptake blockers; fluoxetine 12.5 mg/kg, a serotonin reuptake blocker; desipramine 10 mg/kg, a norepinephrine reuptake blocker; GBR-12909 10 mg/kg, a DA reuptake blocker; or to a local anesthetic, lidocaine 40 mg/kg. Drugs were administered once daily over gestational days 8-20. Control dams were injected with saline (SAL) or pair-fed to the COC group. Quinpirole challenge was performed in the offspring on post natal day 19. Two pups per litter were injected (s.c.) with 0.03 or 0.09 mg/kg quinpirole-HCl on post-natal day 19. The remaining pups in each litter were sacrificed for analysis of striatal DA receptors. Results showed that only COC exposure altered the behavioral response to the quinpirole challenge by increasing quinpirole-induced stereotypy and motor activity relative to SAL controls. DA receptor analysis showed no alteration in K(D) or B(MAX) for striatal D1 or D2 sites in any group. These results suggest that prenatal COC exposure produces alterations in function of the D2 receptor complex which are not reflected in K(D) or B(MAX) and that these effects are not fully mimicked by exposure to specific monoamine reuptake blockers or a local anesthetic. JF - Life sciences AU - Stewart, C W AU - Scalzo, F M AU - Valentine, J AU - Holson, R R AU - Ali, S F AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 2015 EP - 2022 VL - 63 IS - 22 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Dopamine Agonists KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Dopamine KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - Quinpirole KW - 20OP60125T KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Stereotyped Behavior -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Quinpirole -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dopamine Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Kinetics KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- agonists KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine -- drug effects KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70084829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+cocaine+or+pharmacologically+related+compounds%3A+effects+on+behavior+and+striatal+dopamine+receptors.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+C+W%3BScalzo%2C+F+M%3BValentine%2C+J%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of the phiX174 am3 allele in relation to the endogenous Hprt gene for detecting mutation in transgenic mice. AN - 70058582; 9814437 AB - Transgenic mice have been developed containing multiple, chromosomally integrated copies of the phiX174 am3 allele that serve as reporters for in vivo mutation at a single A:T basepair. In this study, we examined the relative sensitivity of the am3 transgene for detecting the in vivo mutagenicity of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Three-week-old male phiX174 mice were treated with 0, 40, and 160 mg/kg of ENU. After 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks, animals were killed, their spleens removed, and isolated splenocytes were used to measure mutant frequencies (MFs) in both the am3 allele and the endogenous Hprt gene. For animals treated with 40 mg/kg of ENU, the Hprt assay detected an average 22-fold increase over background, while the am3 MFs averaged threefold above background. With the 160 mg/kg dose, the Hprt assay detected a 54-fold average increase, while a sixfold average increase above background was found for the transgenic locus. We conclude that the sensitivity of the am3 assay to ENU was compromised by the presence of ex vivo mutations. Adjustment of am3 MFs to exclude these ex vivo mutants could enhance the sensitivity of the assay. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Chen, J B AU - Dass, S B AU - Burkhart, J G AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. JBChen@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 229 EP - 235 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Male KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Coliphages -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70058582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+the+phiX174+am3+allele+in+relation+to+the+endogenous+Hprt+gene+for+detecting+mutation+in+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+B%3BDass%2C+S+B%3BBurkhart%2C+J+G%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of basepair substitution mutation at a frequency of 1 x 10(-7) by combining two genotypic selection methods, MutEx enrichment and allele-specific competitive blocker PCR. AN - 70053180; 9814434 AB - The detection of rare mutations has many important applications, including risk assessment of drugs and chemicals, measuring environmental exposures to genotoxins, and cancer cell detection. A sensitive genotypic selection method has been developed that combines two different mutant allele selection techniques, MutEx enrichment and allele-specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR). This method was developed and evaluated for the detection of a CAA --> AAA mutation at codon 61 of the mouse H-ras gene. The MutEx enrichment is based on MutS binding to a mismatched basepair in heteroduplex DNA. The bound MutS protects the mutant allele from degradation during subsequent exonuclease treatment. ACB-PCR preferentially amplifies a mutant allele in a PCR reaction using a primer that has more mismatches to the wild-type allele than the mutant allele. By combining these two approaches, the codon 61 mutation was detected at mutant fractions as low as 1 in 10(7). This sensitivity was achieved with the thermostable Thermus aquaticus MutS protein but not the Escherichia coli MutS protein. Using the combined approach, the average Pfu DNA polymerase error rate +/- the standard error of the mean for this particular basepair was estimated to be 8 +/- 3 x 10(-7) errors per duplication. The results indicate that MutEx/ACB-PCR is among the most sensitive genotypic selection methods for the detection of mutation. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Parsons, B L AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. bparsons@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 200 EP - 211 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes KW - Pfu DNA polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.1.3 KW - MutS protein, E coli KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Genotype KW - Genes, ras KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Thermus -- metabolism KW - DNA Mutational Analysis -- methods KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70053180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+basepair+substitution+mutation+at+a+frequency+of+1+x+10%28-7%29+by+combining+two+genotypic+selection+methods%2C+MutEx+enrichment+and+allele-specific+competitive+blocker+PCR.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+B+L%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 70029516; 9807836 AB - Malachite green (MG), a traditional agent used in aquaculture, is structurally related to other carcinogenic triphenylmethane dyes. Although MG is not approved for use in aquaculture, its low cost and high efficacy make illicit use likely. We developed sensitive and specific methods for determination of MG and its principal metabolite, leucoMG (LMG), in edible fish tissues using isotope dilution liquid chromatography atmosphere pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. MG and LMG concentrations were measured in filets from catfish treated with MG under putative use conditions (ca. 250 and 1000 ppb, respectively) and from commercial trout samples (0-3 and 0-96 ppb, respectively). Concentrations of LMG in edible fish tissues always exceeded those of MG. A rapid cone voltage switching acquisition procedure was used to simultaneously produce molecular ions for quantification and diagnostic fragment ions for confirmation of MG and metabolites. The accurate and precise agreement between diagnostic ion intensity ratios produced by LMG in authentic standards and incurred fish samples was used to unambiguously confirm the presence of LMG in edible fish tissue. This suggested the validity of using LMG as a marker residue for regulatory determination of MG misuse. Additional metabolites derived from oxidative metabolism of MG or LMG (demethylation and N-oxygenation) were identified in catfish and trout filets, including a primary arylamine which is structurally related to known carcinogens. The ability to simultaneously quantify residues of MG and LMG, and to confirm the chemical structure of a marker residue by using LC/MS, suggests that this procedure may be useful in monitoring the food supply for the unauthorized use of MG in aquaculture. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Gehring, T A AU - Pu, Y M AU - Plakas, S M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1625 EP - 1634 VL - 12 IS - 21 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Gentian Violet KW - J4Z741D6O5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Aniline Compounds -- urine KW - Biotransformation KW - Gentian Violet -- urine KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- blood KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Trout -- metabolism KW - Catfishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70029516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+malachite+green+and+metabolites+in+fish+using+liquid+chromatography+atmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BGehring%2C+T+A%3BPu%2C+Y+M%3BPlakas%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=1625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrospray ionization and tandem ion trap mass spectrometry for the confirmation of seven beta-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk. AN - 69179970; 10036784 AB - The feasibility of a technique to confirm the presence of residues from seven beta-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk has been demonstrated. The technique makes use of electrospray ionization and tandem ion trap mass spectrometry. Residues are first extracted from milk by reversed-phase solid phase extraction. Target analytes are separated by on-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography and ionized in the electrospray interface. The product ion mass spectra are acquired following collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecules. Confirmation is based on comparison of full scan spectra between unknowns and bona fide standards. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated for the six beta-lactams currently approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin and ceftiofur) and a drug not approved for animal use, cefazolin. The technique has been applied to control milk fortified at 5 ng/mL of penicillin G and 10 ng/mL of the other six drugs. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Heller, D N AU - Ngoh, M A AD - FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 2031 EP - 2040 VL - 12 IS - 24 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Cephalosporins KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Amoxicillin KW - 804826J2HU KW - ceftiofur KW - 83JL932I1C KW - Cephapirin KW - 89B59H32VN KW - Cefazolin KW - IHS69L0Y4T KW - Cloxacillin KW - O6X5QGC2VB KW - Penicillin G KW - Q42T66VG0C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Cloxacillin -- analysis KW - Amoxicillin -- analysis KW - Penicillin G -- analysis KW - Cephapirin -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Cephalosporins -- analysis KW - Ampicillin -- analysis KW - Female KW - Cefazolin -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69179970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Electrospray+ionization+and+tandem+ion+trap+mass+spectrometry+for+the+confirmation+of+seven+beta-lactam+antibiotics+in+bovine+milk.&rft.au=Heller%2C+D+N%3BNgoh%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=2031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations and strengths of spontaneous reports data. AN - 69141209; 9915089 AB - US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monitoring of the continued safety of marketed medical products depends greatly on spontaneous reporting of serious adverse events by health professionals. Despite its inherent limitations, the national postmarketing surveillance system provides vital information of clinical importance. JF - Clinical therapeutics AU - Goldman, S A AD - Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - C40 EP - C44 VL - 20 Suppl C SN - 0149-2918, 0149-2918 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Population KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- standards KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69141209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Limitations+and+strengths+of+spontaneous+reports+data.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=20+Suppl+C&rft.issue=&rft.spage=C40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+therapeutics&rft.issn=01492918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of criteria for determining comparability of "well-characterized" proteins. AN - 69135154; 9890519 JF - Developments in biological standardization AU - Cavagnaro, J A AD - CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 79 EP - 81 VL - 96 SN - 0301-5149, 0301-5149 KW - Biological Products KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Toxicology KW - Biological Products -- isolation & purification KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Biological Products -- pharmacokinetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Biological Products -- standards KW - Recombinant Proteins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69135154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+criteria+for+determining+comparability+of+%22well-characterized%22+proteins.&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The vaccine adverse event reporting system. AN - 69108492; 9865252 JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - Varricchio, F AD - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 765 EP - 768 VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69108492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system.&rft.au=Varricchio%2C+F&rft.aulast=Varricchio&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Preventing Substance Abuse among Children and Adolescents: Family-Centered Approaches. Reference Guide. Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS) Series. AN - 62452125; ED424523 AB - Intended for use on national, state, and local levels, the ideas and data in this reference are organized by means of the Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS). This is a systematic process for evaluating evidence from prevention research and practice, which can then be developed into recommendations for practice. Chapter topics are: (1) "Substance Abuse Problems and the Status of the American Family," including "the extent of the problem" and "critical issues for families and children"; (2) "Risk and Protective Factors and Developmental Models in the Etiology of Substance Abuse"; (3) "Analysis of Evidence and Recommendations for Practice," which discusses "classification of preventive measures and description of approaches," and presents three major approaches with abstracts and recommendations for practice and reviews both research and practice evidence for each approach; (4) "Program Development and Delivery of Family-Centered Prevention Approaches"; (5) "Emerging Areas of Research and Practice," which includes a discussion of the constructs "Resilience" and "Family Support." Appendixes are: "Research and Practice Search Protocols,""Methodology,""Collateral Areas of Interest,""Abbreviations and Glossary," and "Resource Guide." (EMK) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 296 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 SN - 0160496799 KW - Prevention Enhancement Protocols System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Parenting Skills KW - Substance Abuse KW - Family Needs KW - Therapy KW - Social Support Groups KW - Mental Health KW - Resilience (Personality) KW - Children KW - Prevention KW - Family Programs KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Family Problems KW - Program Development KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62452125?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other volumes in the "Prevention Enhancement P N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - [Positive Activities Campaign.] AN - 62449822; ED423411 AB - This packet contains four pamphlets that are part of a campaign to encourage adults to provide and promote positive activities for youth and to serve as role models for young people. "Positive Activities: A Campaign for Youth" includes information on what positive activities are, how to get involved in helping to provide positive activities for youth, mentoring, and resources available from the Positive Activities Campaign. "Your Time, Their Future: Positive Activities to Promote a More Productive Workforce" suggests roles for national and local companies and ways to make company resources more available for youth programs. "Your Time Their Future: Membership-based Groups Provide Positive Activities" describes the role of clubs, lodges, and civic organizations and partner with youth organizations. "Get Involved in Someone's Future: A Guide to Volunteering with Young People" includes suggestions for ways adults can volunteer and examples of successful volunteer programs. (KC) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 62 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Youth Clubs KW - Volunteers KW - Career Development KW - Voluntary Agencies KW - Early Adolescents KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Youth Programs KW - Adolescent Development KW - Youth Opportunities KW - Adolescents KW - Mentors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62449822?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Keeping Children Drug Free: Using Family-Centered Approaches. Parent and Community Guide. Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS) Series. AN - 62446901; ED424531 AB - This paper and community guide is based on the recommendations of a panel of nongovernmental experts who systematically reviewed the current research on the family's role in reducing substance abuse among youth. This booklet answers questions such as: (1) "Why focus on families?"; (2) "How big is the problem? What are the facts?"; (3) "What puts children at risk for substance abuse?"; (5) "What protects children from substance abuse?"; (6) "How do we know what works?" It provides lists of "What you can do!" for parents and community members. The recommendations are intended to enhance local efforts to reduce substance abuse by minors. (EMK) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 12 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; KW - Prevention Enhancement Protocols System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parenting Skills KW - Substance Abuse KW - Family Needs KW - Therapy KW - Social Support Groups KW - Mental Health KW - Resilience (Personality) KW - Children KW - Prevention KW - Family Programs KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Family Problems KW - Program Development KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62446901?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other volumes in the "Prevention Enhancement P N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Adolescent Self-Reported Behaviors and Their Association with Marijuana Use. AN - 62440144; ED424526 AB - The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) has shown that the rate of marijuana use among youth has more than doubled since 1992. Similar trends are noted across all subgroups studied. At the same time, the percentage of teens perceiving a "great risk" from smoking marijuana has declined. Negative effects of marijuana use are listed. NHSDA methodology is presented and the possibility of underreporting of drug use by youths in their homes is noted. This study, a further analysis of the youth mental health self-report data, examines the characteristics of past year marijuana users age 12 to 17 in data from the 1994, 1995, and 1996 samples. Self-reported problem behaviors associated with marijuana use were withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety and depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, and criminal behavior. A user profile is presented. Generally, the more frequent the marijuana use behavior reported, the more likely the youths were to report problem behaviors. Eleven tables present frequency of use by age and selected demographic characteristics, and percentage and confidence intervals for each of the problem behaviors is reported. (EMK) AU - Greenblatt, Janet C. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 32 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; VL - RP0979 KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Sociocultural Patterns KW - Mental Health KW - National Surveys KW - Marijuana KW - Behavior Problems KW - Antisocial Behavior KW - Behavior Patterns KW - Youth Problems KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62440144?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Responding to Pacific Islanders: Culturally Competent Perspectives for Substance Abuse Prevention. CSAP Cultural Competence Series 8. Special Collaborative Edition. AN - 62300063; ED449290 AB - This monograph addresses issues of concern to primary health care practitioners, policy makers, and evaluators wishing to broaden access to quality substance abuse prevention services for Pacific Islanders. It is devoted exclusively to health issues affecting Pacific Islanders, who often lack access to comprehensive health care because of financial, language, and cultural barriers. It discusses cultural accessibility as a tool to evaluate how effectively health services respond to the unique needs of Pacific Islanders. The eight papers are: (1) "Health and Well-Being for Pacific Islanders: Status, Barriers, and Resolutions" (Noreen Mokuau); (2) "Reality and Vision: A Cultural Perspective in Addressing Alcohol and Drug Abuse among Pacific Islanders" (Noreen Mokuau); (3)"Psychometric Evaluation of Measures for Assessing the Effectiveness of a Family-Focused Substance Abuse Prevention Intervention among Pacific Island Families and Children" (Velma A. Kameoka); (4) "Ho'omau Ke Ola: 'To Perpetuate Life as It Was Meant To Be'" (Ho'oipo DeCambra, Wende Elizabeth Marshall, and Mari Ono); (5) "Culture as a Protective Factor in Two Prevention Programs for Hawaiians" (Abbie Nepeahi Kupuna, Terry Kelly, Paula-Ann Burgess, David Kamiyama, and Noreen Mokuau); (6) "Samoans in California: A Perspective on Drug Use and Other Health Issues" (Kawen T. Young and Kenneth Elifasa Galea'i); (7) "Chamorros: Recognizing a People and Their Issues with Substance Abuse" (Noreen Mokuau and Lisalinda Natividad); and (8) "Drugs in Micronesia" (Jay Dobbin, Innocente I. Oneisom, and Michael Mason). (Papers contain references.) (SM) AU - Mokuau, Noreen AU - Kameoka, Velma A. AU - Kupuna, Abbie Napeahi AU - Kelly, Terry AU - Burgess, Paula-Ann AU - Kamiyama, David AU - Young, Kawen T. AU - Galea'i, Kenneth Elifasa AU - Natividad, Lisalinda AU - Dobbin, Jay AU - Oneisom, Innocente AU - Mason, Michael Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 193 KW - Chamorros KW - Micronesians KW - Risk Reduction KW - Samoans KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Policymakers KW - Practitioners KW - Health Services KW - Substance Abuse KW - Hawaiians KW - Cultural Influences KW - Family Programs KW - Cultural Relevance KW - Program Evaluation KW - Children KW - Psychometrics KW - Pacific Islanders KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62300063?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Comprehensive Case Management for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 27. AN - 62299718; ED443055 AB - This TIP contains information on the best practice guidelines on case management for substance abuse treatment providers. It serves to educate program coordinators and facilitators about the factors to consider as they decide to modify or implement case management activities. Many substance abuse clients arrive for treatment with a number of other social problems and mental health disorders. The TIP explains how the coordinated approach of case management lends itself to the treatment of substance abuse. It states that the comprehensive continuum of services is designed to provide engagement and motivation, primary treatment services, and support services that will enable individuals to maintain long-term sobriety while managing life in the community. It includes discussion on case management in the community context, evaluation and quality assurance, and what is important to learn about working with the special needs populations. Appendixes include: "Bibliography,""Practice Dimensions,""Managed Healthcare Organizational Readiness Guide and Checklist: Special Report,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 4 figures and approximately 150 resources.) (JDM) AU - Cook, Paddy AU - Dogoloff, Mary Lou AU - Harteker, Linda AU - Nelson, Anne E. AU - Paul, Michelle M. AU - Shuman, Deborah J. AU - Mjoseth, Marcia AU - Vitzthum, Virginia AU - Hayes, Elizabeth AU - Gilbert, Max AU - Smith, Cara AU - Nguyen, Y-Lang Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 137 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - Case Management KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Program Design KW - Substance Abuse KW - Motivation KW - Intervention KW - Individual Needs KW - Theory Practice Relationship KW - Mental Health KW - Counseling KW - Counselor Training KW - Behavior Modification KW - Cognitive Restructuring KW - Social Problems KW - Community Health Services KW - Drug Rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62299718?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People with Physical and Cognitive Disabilities. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 29. AN - 62299432; ED443056 AB - This TIP on the best practice guidelines for the treatment of substance abuse is intended to enhance treatment providers' knowledge concerning people who have a physical or cognitive disability, in addition to their substance use disorder. The TIP is designed to educate clinicians, educators, and paraprofessionals about modifications needed in order to accommodate people in treatment for substance use disorders who have coexisting disabilities. It provides guidelines on methods of screening for disabilities and discusses treatment planning and counseling. Information on forming and maintaining linkages with other service providers is included. In making accommodations within a program for the disabled client, providers need to learn how to eliminate several groups of barriers to treatment: attitudinal barriers; discriminatory policies, practices, and procedures; and communication barriers. Appendixes include: "Bibliography,""Information Resources,""How to Refer to People with Disabilities,""Alcohol and Drug Programs and the Americans with Disabilities Act,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains approximately 150 references and 24 tables.) (JDM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 172 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Program Design KW - Cognitive Ability KW - Substance Abuse KW - Counselor Training KW - Intervention KW - Individual Needs KW - Mental Health KW - Social Problems KW - Counseling KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Physical Disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62299432?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Continuity of Offender Treatment for Substance Use Disorders from Institution to Community. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 30. AN - 62298092; ED443057 AB - This TIP, on the best practice recommendations for the treatment of substance abuse, presents guidelines for ensuring continuity of care as offenders with substance use disorders move from incarceration to the community. Research indicates that treatment gains may be lost if treatment is not continued after the offender is released from incarceration. This TIP is designed to educate and provide information for community service providers on how to meet offender treatment needs in order to overcome the obstacles to a successful transition. It details how members of a transition team can collaborate to help with the transition to the community. Since offenders generally have complex treatment needs, the TIP suggests that case management is an ideal approach. Treatment guidelines specific to populations such as offenders with mental illness, offenders with long-term medical conditions, and sex offenders are also detailed. Appendixes include: "Bibliography,""Instruments,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 14 figures and approximately 100 resource.) (JDM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 144 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - Case Management KW - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Admin KW - Treatment Verification KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Program Design KW - Substance Abuse KW - Motivation KW - Behavior Modification KW - Intervention KW - Individual Needs KW - Correctional Rehabilitation KW - Social Problems KW - Counseling KW - Prisoners KW - Drug Rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62298092?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Substance Abuse among Older Adults. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 26. AN - 62297399; ED443054 AB - As alcohol and other drug disorders become acknowledged as major problems, the need increases for current information on the scope of the problem and appropriate treatment. This TIP serves to educate treatment providers with information about older adults who, in general, are more likely to hide their substance abuse, less likely to seek professional help, and mistake symptoms of substance abuse for another ailment. It brings together literature on substance abuse and gerontology to recommend best practices for identifying, screening, assessing, and treating alcohol, prescription drugs, and other medication abuse among people age 60 and older. Brief intervention is recommended as the first step of treatment, followed by motivational interviewing, and intervention. Brief interventions may include motivation for change strategies, patient education, assessment and direct feedback, contracting and goal setting, and behavioral modification techniques. Treatment programs take a holistic approach since a number of interrelated emotional, social, medical, and spiritual problems characterize older adults' experiences with substance abuse. It also includes information on cognitive-behavioral, group, individual, and family therapy approaches to treatment. Appendixes include: "Legal and Ethical Issues,""Tools,""Bibliography,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains 19 figures and approximately 400 resources.) (JDM) AU - Cook, Paddy AU - Davis, Carolyn AU - Howard, Deborah L. AU - Kimbrough, Phyllis AU - Nelson, Anne AU - Paul, Michelle AU - Shuman, Deborah AU - Brooks, Margaret K. AU - Dogoloff, Mary Lou AU - Vitzthum, Virginia AU - Hayws, Elizabeth Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 191 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Older Adults KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Counselor Training KW - Motivation KW - Behavior Modification KW - Gerontology KW - Intervention KW - Mental Health KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Brief Psychotherapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62297399?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Systems of Care. Factsheet. AN - 62247317; ED460464 AB - This fact sheet explains the concept of "systems of care" in meeting the mental health needs of children and adolescents with behavioral, emotional, or mental health problems. Community-based systems of care provide a coordinated range of mental health and related services and supports. Teams representing public and private organizations work together to plan and implement a tailored set of services for each individual child's physical, emotional, social, educational, and family needs. Services represented may include mental health, health, education, child welfare, juvenile justice, vocational counseling, recreation, substance abuse, etc. In addition, "cultural competence" is a goal in systems of care. Culturally competent caregivers are aware of the effect of their own culture on their relationships with consumers and know about and respect cultural and ethnic differences. The paper stresses the role of the case manager in coordinating the system of care. Evidence is cited that effective systems of care reduce residential treatment placements, improve children's behavior and emotional well-being, improve school performance, and reduce law violations. (DB) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 9 PB - Center for Mental Health Services, National Mental Health Services Knowledge Exchange Network, P.O. Box 42490, Washington, DC 20015. Tel: 800-789-2647 (Toll Free); Tel: 301-443-9006 (TTY); Fax: 301-984-8796. For full text: http://www.mentalhealth.org. KW - Case Management KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Cultural Pluralism KW - Integrated Services KW - Systems Approach KW - Community Programs KW - Teamwork KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Intervention KW - Psychological Services KW - Needs Assessment KW - Children KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Prevention KW - Mental Disorders KW - Family Role KW - Cultural Differences KW - Cross Cultural Training KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62247317?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Best copy available. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children's and Adolescents' Mental Health. Factsheet. AN - 62246607; ED461226 AB - This fact sheet addresses the mental health needs of children and adolescents. It emphasizes that children and adolescents can have mental health problems, that these mental health problems can be severe, and that these problems are common in young people. Some causes of mental health problems are identified, such as exposure to environmental toxins, violence, or chronic poverty. Warning signs of possible mental health problems are listed, such as feelings of sadness and hopelessness, anger, and fearfulness and big changes in behavior patterns. Mental health problems are seen as limiting young people and as leading to such problem behaviors as substance abuse or law breaking. A variety of mental health services are listed, although it is stressed that finding the right services requires an individualized approach. The fact sheet ends with a plea for more public awareness concerning the needs of an estimated two-thirds of young people with mental health problems who are not receiving any services. (DB) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 6 PB - Knowledge Exchange Network, P.O. Box 42490, Washington, DC 20015. Tel: 800-789-2647 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.mentalhealth.org. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Integrated Services KW - Etiology KW - Psychological Services KW - Mental Health KW - Needs Assessment KW - Children KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Symptoms (Individual Disorders) KW - Mental Disorders KW - Emotional Problems KW - Incidence KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62246607?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children Program. Factsheet. AN - 62245661; ED460463 AB - This fact sheet describes the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children Program overall and includes descriptions of 22 specific programs. The program was authorized by Congress in 1992 and provides federal funds through demonstration grants to states, communities, and Native American tribes. The program currently administers 22 federal grants in 29 communities in 18 states to implement, enhance, and evaluate local systems of care. The program emphasizes inclusion of families as partners in designing services and on "cultural competence" in relationships with children and families of diverse races, cultures, and ethnicities. The individual program descriptions highlight unique features of each program in a brief summary and provide full contact information. Programs in the following states are described: California, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. (DB) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 14 PB - Knowledge Exchange Network, P.O. Box 42490, Washington, DC 20015. Tel: 800-789-2647 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/CA-0013/ default.asp. KW - Community Mental Health Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Integrated Services KW - Federal Aid KW - Community Programs KW - Delivery Systems KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Children KW - American Indians KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Family Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Cultural Differences KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Adolescents KW - Integrated Services KW - Federal Aid KW - Community Programs KW - Delivery Systems KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Children KW - American Indians KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Family Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Cultural Differences KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62245661?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - School Health: Findings from Evaluated Programs. Second Edition. AN - 62184124; ED471465 AB - This report presents findings from a recent evaluation of 51 school health education programs nationwide. All programs were currently functioning and ongoing, had been evaluated, and provided some evidence of effectiveness. Each program was designed to improve the short- or long-term health status of children and youth in a school-based or school-linked setting. Most of the programs were self-contained within one component, such as health education. All programs submitted program descriptions and evaluation data. Reviewers critiqued evaluation designs, appropriateness of instruments used to measure key variables, and presence or absence of comparison groups. They determined the degree to which programs addressed critical needs, the extent to which they were distinctive, and the complexity of problems being tackled. They also commented on the probability that others could successfully duplicate the programs or were certain of their components in other places and with other audiences. For each program, the report includes the following information: program description, services available, implications for practice, evidence of program effectiveness, critique, and contact information. (Contains approximately 200 references.) (SM) Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 141 PB - Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Room 738G, 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20201. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Comprehensive School Health Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Program Evaluation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62184124?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For first edition, see ED 370 938. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cigars: health effects and trends T2 - Smoking and tobacco control monograph 9 Nat. Insts. of Health. NIH pubn. no. 98-4302 AN - 59975729; 1998-1106500 AB - Examines public health implications of the increase in cigar smoking since 1993; US. Chemistry and toxicology, disease consequences, indoor air pollution, pharmacology and abuse potential, marketing and promotion, and policies. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1998. xv+232 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - xv+232 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Smoking -- United States KW - Cigar industry -- United States KW - Public health -- United States KW - United States -- Social conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59975729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xv%2B232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Cigars%3A+health+effects+and+trends&rft.title=Cigars%3A+health+effects+and+trends&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mental health, United States, 1998 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA)99-3285 AN - 59963223; 1999-0405090 AB - Key factors in managed care, assessment of performance, population-based analyses, and national statistics on the mental health delivery system. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1998. x+292 pp. AU - Manderscheid, Ronald W AU - Henderson, Marilyn J Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 EP - x+292 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016049883X KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Social service, Psychiatric -- United States KW - Mentally ill -- United States KW - Mental illness -- United States KW - Mental health services -- United States KW - Mental institutions -- United States KW - Managed care -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59963223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Manderscheid%2C+Ronald+W%3BHenderson%2C+Marilyn+J&rft.aulast=Manderscheid&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=x%2B292&rft.isbn=016049883X&rft.btitle=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1998&rft.title=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-049883-X) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 8th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Trends in the well-being of America's children & youth, 1998 AN - 59953778; 1999-0206320 AB - Contents: Population, family, and neighborhood; Economic security; Health conditions and health care; Social development, behavioral health, and teen fertility; Education and achievement; includes immigrant children and parents. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1998. 543 pp. Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 SP - 543 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Youth -- United States -- Statistics KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - United States -- Demographics KW - Immigrants -- Children UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59953778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Trends+in+the+well-being+of+America%27s+children+%26+youth%2C+1998&rft.title=Trends+in+the+well-being+of+America%27s+children+%26+youth%2C+1998&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 3d ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alice Harikalar Ülkesinde'ki Kültürel Gerçekliklerin Fransız ve Türk Kültürlerine Yansıması AN - 54163571; 2002970800 JF - Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi/Journal of Translation Studies/Revue de Traduction et d'Interprétation AU - Barda, Zuhal Toral PY - 1998 SP - 119 EP - 127 SN - 1301-4145, 1301-4145 KW - English literature KW - 1800-1899 KW - Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge (1832-1898) KW - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) KW - fiction KW - French language translation KW - Turkish language translation KW - culture KW - Carroll, Lewis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/54163571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amlaib&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%87eviribilim+ve+Uygulamalar%C4%B1+Dergisi%2FJournal+of+Translation+Studies%2FRevue+de+Traduction+et+d%27Interpr%C3%A9tation&rft.atitle=Alice+Harikalar+%C3%9Clkesinde%27ki+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCrel+Ger%C3%A7ekliklerin+Frans%C4%B1z+ve+T%C3%BCrk+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCrlerine+Yans%C4%B1mas%C4%B1&rft.au=Barda%2C+Zuhal+Toral&rft.aulast=Barda&rft.aufirst=Zuhal&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=%C3%87eviribilim+ve+Uygulamalar%C4%B1+Dergisi%2FJournal+of+Translation+Studies%2FRevue+de+Traduction+et+d%27Interpr%C3%A9tation&rft.issn=13014145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Turkish DB - MLA International Bibliography N1 - Update - 200201 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance and safety considerations of hydraulic support systems AN - 52484716; 1999-025976 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Barczak, Thomas AU - Gearhart, David A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 176 EP - 186 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - mining KW - pressure KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - mining geology KW - loading KW - stiffness KW - elastic constants KW - bulk modulus KW - ground control KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Performance+and+safety+considerations+of+hydraulic+support+systems&rft.au=Barczak%2C+Thomas%3BGearhart%2C+David&rft.aulast=Barczak&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk modulus; elastic constants; ground control; loading; mining; mining geology; pressure; roof control; stiffness; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling roof beam failures from high horizontal stresses in underground stone mines AN - 52484692; 1999-025967 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Iannacchione, A T AU - Dolinar, D R AU - Prosser, L J AU - Marshall, T E AU - Oyler, D C AU - Compton, C S A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 102 EP - 112 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - limestone KW - mining KW - numerical models KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - roof control KW - finite difference analysis KW - stress KW - statistical analysis KW - elastic constants KW - sedimentary rocks KW - carbonate rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Controlling+roof+beam+failures+from+high+horizontal+stresses+in+underground+stone+mines&rft.au=Iannacchione%2C+A+T%3BDolinar%2C+D+R%3BProsser%2C+L+J%3BMarshall%2C+T+E%3BOyler%2C+D+C%3BCompton%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Iannacchione&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonate rocks; elastic constants; finite difference analysis; limestone; mining; numerical models; roof control; sedimentary rocks; statistical analysis; strength; stress; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of ground conditions and ground control practices in the United States and Australia AN - 52484640; 1999-025962 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Mark, Christopher A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 63 EP - 71 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - Australasia KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - coal mines KW - safety KW - longwall mining KW - practice KW - mining geology KW - Australia KW - ground control KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+ground+conditions+and+ground+control+practices+in+the+United+States+and+Australia&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; Australia; coal mines; ground control; longwall mining; mines; mining; mining geology; pillars; practice; roof control; safety; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing intersection stability in U. S. coal mines AN - 52484248; 1999-025987 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Molinda, Gregory AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Bauer, Eric AU - Babich, Daniel AU - Pappas, Deno A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 267 EP - 275 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - United States KW - mines KW - failures KW - Pittsburgh Coal KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - monitoring KW - Pennsylvanian KW - roof control KW - Paleozoic KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - Carboniferous KW - stability KW - case studies KW - factors KW - mining geology KW - data bases KW - Pennsylvania KW - western Pennsylvania KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+intersection+stability+in+U.+S.+coal+mines&rft.au=Molinda%2C+Gregory%3BMark%2C+Christopher%3BBauer%2C+Eric%3BBabich%2C+Daniel%3BPappas%2C+Deno&rft.aulast=Molinda&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carboniferous; case studies; coal mines; data bases; factors; failures; mines; mining geology; monitoring; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Paleozoic; Pennsylvania; Pennsylvanian; Pittsburgh Coal; roof control; stability; stress; United States; western Pennsylvania ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case study of bolt performance in a two-entry gateroad AN - 52484228; 1999-025984 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Signer, Stephen P AU - Lewis, John L A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 249 EP - 256 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - United States KW - Orangeville Utah KW - mining KW - mines KW - roof bolts KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - roof control KW - loading KW - data acquisition KW - coal mines KW - Trail Mountain Mine KW - grouting KW - Emery County Utah KW - Utah KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=A+case+study+of+bolt+performance+in+a+two-entry+gateroad&rft.au=Signer%2C+Stephen+P%3BLewis%2C+John+L&rft.aulast=Signer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; data acquisition; Emery County Utah; grouting; loading; mines; mining; Orangeville Utah; pillars; roof bolts; roof control; strain; Trail Mountain Mine; underground mining; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practice stress modeling for mine planning AN - 52484036; 1999-025970 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Heasley, Keith AU - Chekan, Gregory A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 129 EP - 137 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - underground mining KW - eastern Kentucky KW - stress KW - LAMODEL KW - mapping KW - coal seams KW - displacements KW - models KW - case studies KW - longwall mining KW - discontinuities KW - planning KW - mining geology KW - Greene County Pennsylvania KW - Kentucky KW - Pennsylvania KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Practice+stress+modeling+for+mine+planning&rft.au=Heasley%2C+Keith%3BChekan%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Heasley&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; coal seams; discontinuities; displacements; eastern Kentucky; Greene County Pennsylvania; Kentucky; LAMODEL; longwall mining; mapping; mines; mining; mining geology; models; Pennsylvania; pillars; planning; stress; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International experience with longwall mining into pre-driven rooms AN - 52483619; 1999-025960 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Oyler, David AU - Frith, Russell AU - Dolinar, Dennis R AU - Mark, Christopher A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 44 EP - 53 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - United States KW - mining KW - underground mining KW - Alabama KW - multivariate analysis KW - mining geology KW - Queensland Australia KW - mass movements KW - data bases KW - Australia KW - South Africa KW - Maryland KW - West Virginia KW - rockfalls KW - mines KW - failures KW - Australasia KW - statistical analysis KW - New South Wales Australia KW - case studies KW - longwall mining KW - Southern Africa KW - Africa KW - Pennsylvania KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52483619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=International+experience+with+longwall+mining+into+pre-driven+rooms&rft.au=Oyler%2C+David%3BFrith%2C+Russell%3BDolinar%2C+Dennis+R%3BMark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Oyler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Alabama; Australasia; Australia; case studies; data bases; failures; longwall mining; Maryland; mass movements; mines; mining; mining geology; multivariate analysis; New South Wales Australia; Pennsylvania; Queensland Australia; rockfalls; South Africa; Southern Africa; statistical analysis; underground mining; United States; West Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rock bursting and seismicity during ramp development, Lucky Friday Mine, Mullan, Idaho AN - 52482075; 1999-025993 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Whyatt, J K AU - White, B G A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 317 EP - 325 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - United States KW - Idaho KW - shear zones KW - monitoring KW - in situ KW - stress KW - Lucky Friday Mine KW - Solvay Mine KW - Shoshone County Idaho KW - Mullan Idaho KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - seismicity KW - rock bursts KW - mining geology KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52482075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Rock+bursting+and+seismicity+during+ramp+development%2C+Lucky+Friday+Mine%2C+Mullan%2C+Idaho&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J+K%3BWhite%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coeur d'Alene mining district; Idaho; in situ; Lucky Friday Mine; mining geology; monitoring; Mullan Idaho; pillars; rock bursts; seismicity; shear zones; Shoshone County Idaho; Solvay Mine; stress; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in remote sensing techniques for monitoring rock falls and slope failures AN - 50322393; 1999-025994 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Girard, J M AU - Mayerle, R T AU - McHugh, E L A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 326 EP - 331 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - mining KW - imagery KW - slopes KW - extensometers KW - mapping KW - Mine Safety and Health Administration KW - controls KW - pore pressure KW - mass movements KW - meteorology KW - rockfalls KW - failures KW - monitoring KW - surface mining KW - loading KW - stress KW - effects KW - pressuremeters KW - safety KW - cracks KW - slope stability KW - instruments KW - ground control KW - remote sensing KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50322393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Advances+in+remote+sensing+techniques+for+monitoring+rock+falls+and+slope+failures&rft.au=Girard%2C+J+M%3BMayerle%2C+R+T%3BMcHugh%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Girard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - controls; cracks; effects; extensometers; failures; ground control; imagery; instruments; loading; mapping; mass movements; meteorology; Mine Safety and Health Administration; mining; monitoring; pore pressure; pressuremeters; remote sensing; rockfalls; safety; slope stability; slopes; stress; surface mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of backfilled cross-panel entries during longwall mining AN - 50320203; 1999-025957 JF - International Conference on Ground Control in Mining AU - Seymour, Brad AU - Tesarik, Doug AU - Larson, Mark AU - Shoemaker, Joe A2 - Peng, Syd S. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - West Virginia University, College of Mineral and Energy Resources, Dep. of Mining Engineering, Morgantown, WV VL - 17 KW - mining KW - monitoring KW - numerical models KW - earth pressure KW - underground mining KW - potentiometers KW - stress KW - statistical analysis KW - stability KW - bituminous coal KW - sedimentary rocks KW - longwall mining KW - Oak Creek Colorado KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - compressive strength KW - dilation KW - stressmeters KW - Foidal Creek Mine KW - regression analysis KW - instruments KW - pillars KW - changes KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50320203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.atitle=Stability+of+backfilled+cross-panel+entries+during+longwall+mining&rft.au=Seymour%2C+Brad%3BTesarik%2C+Doug%3BLarson%2C+Mark%3BShoemaker%2C+Joe&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Ground+Control+in+Mining&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 17th international conference on Ground control in mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, strat. col. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03299 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bituminous coal; changes; coal; compressive strength; dilation; earth pressure; Foidal Creek Mine; instruments; longwall mining; mining; mining geology; monitoring; numerical models; Oak Creek Colorado; pillars; potentiometers; regression analysis; sedimentary rocks; stability; statistical analysis; stress; stressmeters; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microfabrication of ceramics by co-extrusion AN - 217907761 JF - American Ceramic Society. Journal of the American Ceramic Society AU - Charles Van Hoy AU - Barda, Andrew AU - Griffith, Michelle AU - Halloran, John W Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 152 CY - Columbus PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 00027820 KW - Abstracting And Indexing Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/217907761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asciencejournals&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ceramic+Society.+Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society&rft.atitle=Microfabrication+of+ceramics+by+co-extrusion&rft.au=Charles+Van+Hoy%3BBarda%2C+Andrew%3BGriffith%2C+Michelle%3BHalloran%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Charles+Van+Hoy&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Ceramic+Society.+Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society&rft.issn=00027820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright American Ceramic Society Jan 1998 N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-18 N1 - CODEN - JACTAW ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MYCOBACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AN - 21111044; 11140730 AB - Tuberculosis is an age-old human affliction which continues to flourish worldwide despite the development of effective drugs for its treatment and a vaccine (BCG) for its prevention. At least 8 million people die from this disease each year, a figure which is likely to increase as the AIDS epidemic continues its relentless spread into Africa and Southeast Asia. Consumption was shown to be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis more than a century ago, yet we still know very little about the mechanisms used by this organism to elude the normally effective cellular host defenses as it establishes a progressive infection within the lung. The majority of individuals exposed to tuberculous infection are able to limit the primary infection to the lungs and its lymph nodes, resulting in a latent form of the disease which can provide the host with a lifelong immunity to reinfection. While a great deal is known about the cellular mediators of this immune response (together with the cytokines which modulate them) we lack a clear understanding of the role that they play during the establishment of the dormant form of the disease. Live BCG vaccine has been widely used in many Third World countries as a major component of their tuberculosis control programs. However, several carefully controlled human trials have shown little protection achieved in vaccinated individuals. Development of improved vaccines, both for the prevention and therapy of this disease is an urgent research priority and a number of potential immunogens are under active investigation. However, our limited understanding of the pathogenesis of this chronic disease, together with a lack of data on the role played by different bacterial components in the modulation of the immune response, continues to severely limit our ability to develop a rational approach to this project. To achieve this goal, it will be necessary to establish innovative approaches to the presentation of protective antigens by taking advantage of recent advances in the molecular biology of this complex and enigmatic group of organisms. JF - Frontiers in Bioscience AU - Collins, F M AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 3 SN - 1093-9946, 1093-9946 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Epidemics KW - Data processing KW - Control programs KW - protective antigen KW - Drug development KW - Immunity KW - Antigen presentation KW - Immunomodulation KW - Lymph nodes KW - BCG KW - Lung KW - Cytokines KW - Tuberculosis KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21111044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Bioscience&rft.atitle=MYCOBACTERIAL+PATHOGENESIS%3A+A+HISTORICAL+PERSPECTIVE&rft.au=Collins%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Bioscience&rft.issn=10939946&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Data processing; Epidemics; Control programs; protective antigen; Drug development; Immunity; Antigen presentation; Immunomodulation; Lymph nodes; Lung; BCG; Cytokines; Tuberculosis; Vaccines; Immune response; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of Enterobacter cloacae capable of metabolizing asparagine AN - 18420321; 5410151 AB - A gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium capable of utilizing 1-asparagine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from soil and identified as Enterobacter cloacae. An intracellularly expressed 1-asparaginase was detected and it deaminated 1-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of a cell-free asparaginase reaction mixture indicated that 2.8 mM 1-asparagine was hydrolyzed to 2.2 and 2.8 mM aspartic acid and ammonia, respectively, within 20 min of incubation. High asparaginase activity was found in cells cultured on 1-fructose, d-galactose, saccharose, or maltose, and in cells cultured on 1-asparagine as the sole nitrogen source. The pH and temperature optimum of 1-asparaginase was 8.5 and 37-42 degree C, respectively. The half-life of the enzyme at 30 degree C and 37 degree C was 10 and 8 h, respectively. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Nawaz AU - Zhang, D AU - Khan, A A AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, mnawaz@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 568 EP - 572 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - asparagine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18420321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+Enterobacter+cloacae+capable+of+metabolizing+asparagine&rft.au=Nawaz%3BZhang%2C+D%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health Care Reform and Public Health: A Paper on Population-Based Core Functions AN - 1761719412; 199903508 AB - Presents recommendations resulting from a project undertaken in 1993 by the US Public Health Service regarding public health & population-based programs in a reformed US health insurance program. Preventive measures would focus on chronic & infectious diseases. Functions in the population-based core public health would include health & disease status monitoring, disease control, environmental protection, lab services, educational outreach, health service supervision, & leadership. With investment in population-based public health care declining since the 1980s, cost estimates for providing these functions at essential & fully effective levels of service are provided. 6 Figures. M. Pflum JF - Journal of Public Health Policy AU - Core Functions Project AD - Office of Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, US Public Health Service, Room 738G, Humphrey Bldg, 200 Independence Ave., S.W. Washington, DC 20201 tel: 202-205-8611 Y1 - 1998///0, PY - 1998 DA - 0, 1998 SP - 394 EP - 419 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0197-5897, 0197-5897 KW - Health Care Services Policy KW - Public Health KW - United States of America KW - Policy Reform KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 7211: health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761719412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Health+Policy&rft.atitle=Health+Care+Reform+and+Public+Health%3A+A+Paper+on+Population-Based+Core+Functions&rft.au=Core+Functions+Project&rft.aulast=Core+Functions+Project&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Public+Health+Policy&rft.issn=01975897&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public Health; Health Care Services; Health Care Services Policy; Policy Reform; United States of America ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Fish and Fisheries Products Hazards and Controls Guide. Second Edition AN - 17574831; 4464322 AB - The primary purpose of this guide is to assist processors of fish and fishery products in the development of their HACCP plans. Processors of fish and fishery products will find information in this Guide that will help them identify hazards that are associated with their products, and help them formulate control strategies. Another purpose of this Guide is to help consumers and the public generally to understand commercial seafood safety in terms of hazard and their controls. This Guide does not specifically address safe handling practices by consumers or by retail establishments, although many of the concepts contained in this Guide are applicable to both. This Guide is also intended to serve as a tool to be used by federal and State regulatory officials in the evaluation of HACCP plans for fish and fishery products. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 251 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Hazards KW - Processed fishery products KW - Fish handling KW - Food processing industry KW - Quality control KW - Standards KW - Seafood KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17574831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Fish+and+Fisheries+Products+Hazards+and+Controls+Guide.+Second+Edition&rft.title=Fish+and+Fisheries+Products+Hazards+and+Controls+Guide.+Second+Edition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1- 703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB98113384. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Regulatory perspective on in vitro assays as predictors of phototoxicity and photo co-carcinogenicity AN - 17341593; 4599826 AB - Drugs from a variety of chemical classes used for a wide range of therapeutic indications can be photosensitizers in humans. Several drugs are phototoxic in animal models as well; there are no nonclinical data for many. In vitro tests have been developed as predictors of phototoxicity and although they have been used as screens, none have replaced the in vivo tests done in rodents (usually mice or guinea pigs) since these have been good predictors of clinical phototoxicity. Some phototoxic drug classes are co-carcinogens with ultraviolet radiation (UVA and/or UVB) in hairless mice, specifically psoralens, retinoids, and fluoroquinolones. Treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A radiation for psoriasis is also carcinogenic in humans. It has been suggested that in vitro photogenotoxicity assays using microorganisms or mammalian cells may be predictive of photo co-carcinogenicity. Some attractions of these in vitro assays, compared to the hairless mouse photo co-carcinogenicity assay, are their generally shorter duration and lower cost as well as reducing the number of animals used in research. Currently, personnel at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are examining the available data on phototoxicity, photogenotoxicity, and photo co-carcinogenicity to determine how this information can best be used to regulate and label drug products, and considering which assays should be recommended under specific circumstances. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Ellis, AL Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 571 EP - 576 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1 Gunpowder Sq. London EC4A UK VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Safety regulations KW - Government policy KW - Phototoxicity KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17341593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+perspective+on+in+vitro+assays+as+predictors+of+phototoxicity+and+photo+co-carcinogenicity&rft.au=Ellis%2C+AL&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F109158198226080 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158198226080 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Symposium XII: Current and future directions of phototoxicity AN - 17341562; 4599820 AB - One of the objectives of this symposium was to discuss short term in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity tests that have been designed with the ultimate goal of predicting human phototoxicity and perhaps photo co-carcinogenicity. While the emphasis of this symposium was the interaction between human drugs and sunlight, the same scientific principles may apply to other regulated products, e.g., biologicals, veterinary drugs, foods and food additives, cosmetics, environmental and industrial chemicals. For several years, reports have appeared in the scientific literature, newspapers, and on television describing the adverse effects of sunlight ranging from sunburn to skin cancers, on animals and humans. This information is discussed in the context of depletion of the ozone layer and a resultant increase in exposure to ultraviolet light. There are few reports in the literature or the general news media that describe adverse effects from the combination of drugs and sunlight in humans and animals. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Osterberg, R E Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 58 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1 Gunpowder Sq. London EC4A UK VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Phototoxicity KW - Conferences KW - Reviews KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17341562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Symposium+XII%3A+Current+and+future+directions+of+phototoxicity&rft.au=Osterberg%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Osterberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - In vitro assays for phototoxicity AN - 17340880; 4599825 AB - This paper summarizes a few in vitro methods to assess photodamage in cells irradiated with UV of various wavelengths in the presence of a number of photosensitizers. A single in vitro assay for phototoxicity (photoirritation) is not likely to be predictive because of different mechanisms of phototoxicity and diverse cellular targets for injury. A number of methods have to be combined to provide a better prediction of these phenomena. Measurement of mechanistically relevant biomarkers also represents a promising area of in vitro testing for phototoxicity, and it is also briefly reviewed in this paper. Photodynamic sensitizers, representing a large class of phototoxic agents, can now be identified by sensitive measurement of photooxidative damage to cellular RNA and DNA. Currently, US government agencies have not identified a single in vitro assay for phototoxicity which would be acceptable for replacing an in vivo assay for regulatory purposes. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Kornhauser, A AU - Wei, R R AU - Wamer, W G Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 567 EP - 570 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1 Gunpowder Sq. London EC4A UK VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Phototoxicity KW - Bioassays KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17340880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+assays+for+phototoxicity&rft.au=Kornhauser%2C+A%3BWei%2C+R+R%3BWamer%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Kornhauser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F109158198226071 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158198226071 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activities of the Federal Joint Subcommittee on Aquaculture AN - 17301719; 4570265 AB - The Federal Joint Subcommittee on Aquaculture was created by Congressional legislation and is chaired by the Secretary of the US Department of Agriculture's designate. It consists of representatives from 24 Federal agencies and serves as an interagency coordinating body that addresses diverse aquaculture issues. To address issues of national importance, the JSA may establish working groups or task forces which frequently include public and private sector representatives. Presently the JSA reports to the National Science & Technology Council through the Committee on Health, Safety and Food. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Stefan, G AU - Jensen, G AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 39 EP - 41 PB - American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology at the Publication Office VL - 40 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Safety regulations KW - Food KW - Government policy KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Aquaculture KW - Public health KW - Health and safety KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Aquaculture products KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Activities+of+the+Federal+Joint+Subcommittee+on+Aquaculture&rft.au=Stefan%2C+G%3BJensen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Stefan&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Safety regulations; Food; Health and safety; Government policy; Aquaculture; Aquaculture products; Aquaculture techniques; Public health; aquaculture techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research resources for aquaculture drug development and approval AN - 17301423; 4570266 AB - Various types of studies may be required for drug approval. These include human food safety studies, animal safety studies, efficacy studies, environmental studies, and drug formulation and stability studies (if these studies are not already completed). Some of these studies may be applicable across different drug claims, while others may not. There are several general tasks involved in accomplishing these studies. A variety of resources will be needed for these different tasks and for various types of studies. These include: determination of data requirements, study design and protocol preparation, study quality assurance, study conduct and documentation, and data analysis, study report, and raw data compilation. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Kahn, L G AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 41 EP - 43 PB - American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology at the Publication Office VL - 40 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - protocol preparation KW - study design KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food KW - Safety KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Drug development KW - Aquaculture KW - Public health KW - Aquatic drugs KW - Vaccines KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Research+resources+for+aquaculture+drug+development+and+approval&rft.au=Kahn%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food; Aquatic drugs; Safety; Vaccines; Aquaculture; Aquaculture techniques; Public health; Drug development; aquaculture techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug development for the aquaculture industry: A perspective from the center for veterinary medicine AN - 17299252; 4570257 AB - Because the potential market for drug products for aquaculture has been quite small relative to other animal agriculture, the animal pharmaceutical industry has had little incentive to obtain product approval for such use. Currently, only 5 drugs are approved for use in aquaculture. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Sundlof, S F AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 5 EP - 6 PB - American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology at the Publication Office VL - 40 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Disease control KW - Drug development KW - Aquaculture KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Aquaculture development KW - Aquatic drugs KW - Industries KW - Vaccines KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17299252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Drug+development+for+the+aquaculture+industry%3A+A+perspective+from+the+center+for+veterinary+medicine&rft.au=Sundlof%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Sundlof&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquaculture development; Aquatic drugs; Industries; Disease control; Vaccines; Aquaculture; Veterinary medicine; Drug development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of field trials and data collection as part of the Investigational New Animal Drug Application (INAD) AN - 17298138; 4570267 AB - We will present the following topics. INAD & NADA Overview Efficacy Field Trial Conduct & Data Generation Target Animal Safety Conduct & Data Generation Human Food Safety Studies as a Part of Efficacy/Safety Studies. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Oriani, JA AU - Bell, T A AD - Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 43 EP - 47 PB - American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology at the Publication Office VL - 40 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - field trials KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food KW - Human food KW - Safety KW - Government policy KW - Drug development KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Aquatic drugs KW - Health and safety KW - Aquaculture products KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17298138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Performance+of+field+trials+and+data+collection+as+part+of+the+Investigational+New+Animal+Drug+Application+%28INAD%29&rft.au=Oriani%2C+JA%3BBell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Oriani&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food; Aquatic drugs; Safety; Human food; Health and safety; Government policy; Aquaculture products; Veterinary medicine; Drug development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquaculture crop grouping and new animal drug approvals: A CVM perspective AN - 17297278; 4570259 AB - I would like to provide you with a quick glimpse of the topics that Dr. Greenlees and I will be presenting to you today. We will be discussing an overview of concepts and a general approach to crop grouping. Following that, I will provide an example of how crop grouping may be used in efficacy studies and how crop grouping may be used for target animal safety studies. Finally, Kevin Greenlees will provide comments on human food safety considerations and examples as they relate to crop grouping. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Greenlees, K J AU - Bell, T A AD - Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, HFV-150, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 19 EP - 23 PB - American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology at the Publication Office VL - 40 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - crop grouping KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food KW - Human food KW - Safety KW - aquaculture techniques KW - Drug development KW - Aquaculture KW - Public health KW - Aquatic drugs KW - Vaccines KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Aquaculture+crop+grouping+and+new+animal+drug+approvals%3A+A+CVM+perspective&rft.au=Greenlees%2C+K+J%3BBell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Greenlees&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food; Aquatic drugs; Safety; Human food; Vaccines; Aquaculture; Aquaculture techniques; Public health; Drug development; aquaculture techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of biphasic electric shocks on calcium changes in cultured cardiac myocytes AN - 17243999; 4524824 AB - We hypothesize that different electric shock waveforms will have different effects on the intracellular calcium response of heart cells. Spatial and temporal changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration were recorded optically from isolated heart cells exposed to two different electric shock waveforms. Isolated chick-embryo cardiac myocytes were cultured and loaded with fura-2 AM, a calcium-specific dye. Calcium-related fluorescence changes were measured during the application of either asymmetric or symmetric biphasic electric shocks. Both shock waveforms produced an initial calcium peak followed by a prolonged calcium elevation, which made cells refractory to pacing. The prolonged elevation lasted longer with symmetric biphasic shocks. For asymmetric shocks, calcium elevations were earlier and higher at cell regions near the anode. The result that symmetric biphasic shocks produce a more prolonged cytosolic calcium elevation is consistent with previous findings that electric shocks induce transmembrane potential changes, which cause post-shock dysfunction. JF - In Vitro & Molecular Toxicology AU - Krauthamer, V AU - Jones, J L AD - Division of Physical Sciences, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, (HFZ-133), Food and Drug Administration, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 221 EP - 228 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1097-9336, 1097-9336 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Electric currents KW - Myocytes KW - Calcium KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17243999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+biphasic+electric+shocks+on+calcium+changes+in+cultured+cardiac+myocytes&rft.au=Krauthamer%2C+V%3BJones%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Krauthamer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.issn=10979336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Myocytes; Calcium; Heart; Electric currents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV/AIDS and drug abuse: Epidemiology and prevention AN - 17234091; 4515193 AB - In the United States, the AIDS epidemic is a dynamic process with increasing rates of AIDS reported among women, minority populations, heterosexual men, and users of drugs by routes other than injection. The 1993 CDC AIDS definition change has created some difficulties in interpreting trends in the United States. Drug use continues to represent a significant problem among HIV-infected persons. Several strategies have been advancted to decrease transmission of HIV among drug users, their sexual partners and children. However, more effective and comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies are needed. JF - Journal of Addictive Diseases AU - Haverkos, H W AD - HFD-530, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 91 EP - 103 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1055-0887, 1055-0887 KW - HIV KW - USA KW - disease transmission KW - drug abuse KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Drug abuse KW - Disease transmission KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22005:AIDS: Epidemiological aspects KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17234091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Addictive+Diseases&rft.atitle=HIV%2FAIDS+and+drug+abuse%3A+Epidemiology+and+prevention&rft.au=Haverkos%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Haverkos&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Addictive+Diseases&rft.issn=10550887&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Effects of substance abuse treatment on AIDS risk behaviors. Article copies available for a fee from Haworth Document Delivery Service 1-800-342-9678. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Disease transmission; Drug abuse; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of selected physical parameters on the biodegradation of acrylamide by immobilized cells of Rhodococcus sp. AN - 17229804; 4512308 AB - The influences of concentration of acrylamide, pH, temperature, duration of storage of encapsulated cells and presence of different metals and chelators on the ability of immobilized cells of a Rhodococcus sp. to degrade acrylamide were evaluated. Immobilized cells (3 g) rapidly degraded 64 and 128 mM acrylamide in 3 and 5 h, respectively, whereas free cells took more than 24 h to degrade 64 mM acrylamide. An acrylamide concentration of 128 mM inhibited the growth of the free cells. Immobilized bacteria were slow to degrade acrylamide at 10 degree C. Less than 60% of acrylamide was degraded in 4 h. However, 100% of the compound was degraded in less than 3 h at 28 degree C and 45 degree C. The optimum pH for the degradation of acrylamide by encapsulated cells was pH 7.0. Less than 10% of acrylamide was degraded at pH 6.0, while ca. 60% of acrylamide was degraded at pH 8.0 and 8.5. Copper and nickel inhibited the degradation, suggesting the presence of sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in the active sites of the acrylamide degrading amidase. Iron enhanced the rates of degradation and chelators (EDTA and 1,10 phenanthroline) reduced the rates of degradation suggesting the involvement of iron in its active site(s) of the acrylamide-degrading-amidase. Immobilized cells could be stored up to 10 days without any detectable loss of acrylamide-degrading activity. JF - Biodegradation AU - Nawaz AU - Billedeau, S M AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology and Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 381 EP - 387 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - 1,10 Phenanthroline KW - 1,10-Phenanthroline KW - Amidase KW - EDTA KW - Phenanthroline KW - Rhodococcus KW - o-Phenanthroline KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Nickel KW - Immobilized cells KW - Copper KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Acrylamide KW - Iron KW - Edetic acid KW - Biodegradation KW - Chelation KW - Temperature effects KW - Temperature KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17229804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Influence+of+selected+physical+parameters+on+the+biodegradation+of+acrylamide+by+immobilized+cells+of+Rhodococcus+sp.&rft.au=Nawaz%3BBilledeau%2C+S+M%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhodococcus; pH; Nickel; Iron; Temperature; Copper; Chelation; Biodegradation; Acrylamide; pH effects; Amidase; Temperature effects; Immobilized cells; Edetic acid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolphthalein induces micronuclei in transgenic human lymphoblastoid cells AN - 17199299; 4480085 JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Bishop, ME AU - Aidoo, A AU - Domon, O E AU - Morris, S M AU - Casciano, DA AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, mbishop@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 286 EP - 288 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 8093-6692, 8093-6692 KW - man KW - phenolphthalein KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lymphoblastoid cell lines KW - Micronuclei KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Phenolphthalein+induces+micronuclei+in+transgenic+human+lymphoblastoid+cells&rft.au=Bishop%2C+ME%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=80936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Micronuclei; Lymphoblastoid cell lines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preneoplastic Potential of Morphologically Distinct Transformed Foci Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene AN - 17197721; 4486365 AB - Individual variability of scoring foci positive for transformation presents a difficult problem in assessing the transformation assay. In this study, an attempt was made to identify five morphologically distinct types of transformed foci based on size (2-3, 3-4, and greater than or equal to 4 mm in diameter), invasiveness (smooth vs. invading margins), and other properties (piling vs. spread) induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in Balb/c-3T3 cells. The transformed focal cells were used in in vitro studies including anchorage-independent analysis, focal reconstruction, gene transfection using NIH-3T3 host cells, and Southern blotting to assess amplification of five proto-oncogenes (K-ras, H-ras, c-fos, c-jun, c-myc) and a tumor suppressor (p53) gene. Results showed that 1) there was a significant increase in anchorage-independent growth of all five types of foci ranging from 7-12%; 2) all five morphological types of transformed foci showed 8-15% focal reconstruction; 3) DNA from all five types of transformed foci induced transformation in NIH-3T3 cells at a level significantly above the control DNA; 4) gene amplification studies indicated amplification in both K-ras and H-ras proto-oncogenes; however, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc did not show DNA amplification. The tumor suppressor gene (p53) was activated and the increase was up to 3-fold over the normal Balb/c-3T3 DNA. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that all five morphologically different foci have preneoplastic potential and that any foci of size greater than or equal to 2 mm regardless of invasiveness and piling should be scored as positive during the transformation assay. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Keshava, N AU - Keshava, C AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Nath, J AU - Ong, T AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, HELD, NIOSH, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, too2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 369 EP - 376 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 8093-6692, 8093-6692 KW - 3-Methylcholanthrene KW - BALB/c-3T3 cells KW - H-ras gene KW - K-ras gene KW - c-fos gene KW - c-jun gene KW - c-myc gene KW - mice KW - p53 gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Oncogenes KW - Neoplasia KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17197721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Preneoplastic+Potential+of+Morphologically+Distinct+Transformed+Foci+Induced+by+3-Methylcholanthrene&rft.au=Keshava%2C+N%3BKeshava%2C+C%3BWhong%2C+W-Z%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BNath%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=80936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oncogenes; Neoplasia; Transformation; 3-Methylcholanthrene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative contribution of calories from dietary fat, carbohydrate, and fiber in the promotion of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 17172303; 4470513 AB - It is well known that caloric restriction inhibits, whereas excess calories promote, mammary tumorigenesis in rats. However, the relative contributions to carcinogenesis by calories derived from fat or from carbohydrate are not well established. To determine the relative effects of calories from fat or from carbohydrate, as well as any interaction of dietary fiber on the promotion of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors, we fed isocalorically nine diets containing different ratios of fat, carbohydrate, and fiber to female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (30/group). Under conditions of isocaloric consumption, at or near ad libitum feeding, calories from dietary fat had approximately twofold greater promoting effect on final body weight and tumor incidence than calories derived from dietary carbohydrate. Dietary fiber had an inhibitory effect on tumor development, but the effect was evident only in the high-fat groups. Logistic regression analysis of tumor incidence gave beta -coefficient estimates for the relative effects of fat, carbohydrate, and fiber of 0.866, 0.189, and -4.281, respectively. Time-to-tumor analysis by the Weibull model indicated beta -estimates of 3.016, 3.324, and 5.825 for dietary fat, carbohydrate, and fiber, respectively, indicating that fat shortens and fiber increases the length of time to tumor. The statistical model derived from these results also indicates a significant synergistic interaction of dietary fat and carbohydrate on final body weight and tumor incidence. JF - Nutrition and Cancer AU - Jackson, C D AU - Weis, C AU - Chen, J J AU - Bechtel, D H AU - Poirier, LA AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 194 EP - 200 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - fats KW - fiber KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Calories KW - Mammary gland KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Carbohydrates KW - Tumors KW - Dietary intake KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17172303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+Cancer&rft.atitle=Relative+contribution+of+calories+from+dietary+fat%2C+carbohydrate%2C+and+fiber+in+the+promotion+of+DMBA-induced+mammary+tumors+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Jackson%2C+C+D%3BWeis%2C+C%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BBechtel%2C+D+H%3BPoirier%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+Cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenesis; 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Dietary intake; Calories; Mammary gland; Tumors; Carbohydrates ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Spawn, Spat, and Sprains. A Manual for Aquaculture Safety in Alaska AN - 17163975; 4466195 AB - This aquaculture safety manual is a source of information for the aquaculture employee. The primary purpose is to provide information on safety risks and methods of risk reduction for employees. In addition to requiring employees to read the safety manual an aquaculture operation may want to develop a safety plan for their site. Regularly schedule safety sessions are commended to provide an excellent, proactive approach to incorporate safety into the workplace. Regular training sessions with employees ensure adequate and uniform safety training, to alert employees to safety issues related to work activities. An aquaculture operation may also elect set up a safety training program for their facility. AU - Dzugan, J AU - Falvey, D Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 96 KW - working conditions KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Training KW - Occupational safety KW - Aquaculture KW - Training aids KW - Accident prevention KW - Health and safety KW - Marine aquaculture KW - Manuals KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Dzugan%2C+J%3BFalvey%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dzugan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Spawn%2C+Spat%2C+and+Sprains.+A+Manual+for+Aquaculture+Safety+in+Alaska&rft.title=Spawn%2C+Spat%2C+and+Sprains.+A+Manual+for+Aquaculture+Safety+in+Alaska&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1- 703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB98157647. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Vaccine Safety AN - 17162352; 4465731 AB - Immunizations are among the most cost- effective and widely used public health interventions. However, no vaccine is perfectly safe or effective. As the incidence of vaccine- preventable diseases is reduced by increasing coverage with vaccines public concerns refocus from the risk of getting disease to health risks associated with vaccines. Health effects reported as being associated with vaccines may be (1) true adverse reactions or (2) associated with vaccination only by coincidence. In the United States, both types of events are reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), which is administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 16 KW - FDA KW - disease control KW - immunization KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Side effects KW - Public concern KW - Public health KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17162352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Vaccine+Safety&rft.title=Vaccine+Safety&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1- 703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB99105686. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Implications of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Basins AN - 17148163; 4445136 AB - This paper summarizes the primary literature and reviews research findings of the health implications associated with exposure to persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins. Most of these studies focus on fish consumption because this route has been shown to be the major route of exposure to PTSs; however, other exposure routes including air, diet, and water are also important. Recent studies complement and build upon the epidemiologic, wildlife, and laboratory data gathered over the last three decades documenting health consequences associated with PTSs. For example, findings in the United States (U.S.) indicate that at-risk populations, e.g., certain ethnic groups, sport anglers, the elderly, pregnant women, children, fetuses, and nursing infants, continue to be exposed to PTSs including PCBs, dioxins, chlorinated pesticides, and mercury. Designating these particular populations as "at-risk" is not meant to suggest that other populations with lower exposures, body burdens, or susceptibilities are not without risk. The human health data for these groups indicate that: (1) reproductive function may be disrupted by exposure to PCBs and other PTSs; (2) neurobehavioral and developmental deficits occur in newborns and continue through school-age children from in utero exposure to PCBs and other PTSs; and (3) other systemic effects, e.g., self-reported liver disease and diabetes, may be associated with elevated serum levels of PCBs. Further research is needed to extend the information available to assess and understand the etiology of these health findings. Other conclusions include: (1) the benefits from fish consumption should be considered when evaluating health implications offish consumption; (2) health education is especially valuable in mitigating potential effects and informing individuals about certain windows of vulnerability, e.g., pregnancy; and (3) pollution prevention strategies remain a key to reducing toxic chemical loading. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Johnson, B L AU - Hicks, HE AU - Jones, DE AU - Cibulas, W AU - Wargo, A AU - De Rosa, CT AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, cyd0dc.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 698 EP - 722 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - North America, St. Lawrence R. KW - Pisces KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Toxicants KW - Xenobiotics KW - Freshwater fish KW - Public health KW - Lakes KW - Consumers KW - Diseases KW - PCB KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Diets KW - Wildlife KW - Neurological complications KW - River basins KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Canada KW - Biological magnification KW - Mercury KW - Fish KW - Fishery products KW - Human food KW - Pollution effects KW - Risks KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollutants KW - PCB compounds KW - Toxic materials KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Food contamination KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Risk KW - USA KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Behavior KW - Reproduction KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17148163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Implications+of+Persistent+Toxic+Substances+in+the+Great+Lakes+and+St.+Lawrence+Basins&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BHicks%2C+HE%3BJones%2C+DE%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BWargo%2C+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Toxicants; Human food; Pollution effects; River basins; Freshwater fish; Risks; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Public health; Lakes; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Pollutants; Behavior; Mercury; Consumers; Fish; Reproduction; Diseases; PCB; Freshwater pollution; Fishery products; Xenobiotics; PCB compounds; Wildlife; Toxic materials; Neurological complications; Pesticides (organochlorine); Food contamination; polychlorinated biphenyls; Risk; Biological magnification; USA; Canada; North America, Great Lakes; North America, St. Lawrence R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of bioaccumulating polychlorinated naphthalenes and their toxicological significance AN - 17099151; 4399338 JF - Environmental Research AU - Hayward, D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., Southwest, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Academic Press VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - naphthalene KW - polychlorinated naphthalenes KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Public health KW - Toxicology KW - Naphthalene KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Reviews KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Identification+of+bioaccumulating+polychlorinated+naphthalenes+and+their+toxicological+significance&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Naphthalene; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Toxicology; Public health; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of pharmacokinetic data under the FDA's Redbook II guidelines for direct food additives AN - 16551771; 4351858 AB - Experience with food additive petitions submitted after publication of the Food and Drug Administration's Redbook I (U.S. FDA, 1982) guidelines indicated a number of areas in which improvements were needed, and advances in toxicology testing during the last decade required additional revisions. In March 1993, the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) distributed copies of a draft of Redbook II for public comment. Since that time, revisions have been made based on comments received on the initial draft. This article describes the rationale for Redbook II guidance on the design of pharmacokinetic studies and discusses some common problems the FDA has encountered in reviewing pharmacokinetic data submitted as part of food additive petitions. Points emphasized are that (1) pharmacokinetic information is needed for the interpretation of toxicity studies and is most useful when conducted before major toxicity studies, (2) the use of whole-body autoradiography is encouraged as a means to select tissues of interest, and as a substitute for dissection and tissue sampling, (3) kinetic and mechanistic studies conducted with blood components, tissue slices, hepatocytes, and other cell types in vitro often provide more useful information on the fate of chemicals in specific tissues than information extracted from whole-animal studies. The intention of the new guidelines for pharmacokinetic studies is to increase the information content of data gathered and to encourage the use of pharmacokinetic models and results in the selection of doses for subchronic, chronic, and developmental toxicity studies. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Roth, W L AU - Young, J F AD - (HFS-507), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., MOD-I Lab, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 355 EP - 381 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - guidelines KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Food additives KW - Government policy KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Use+of+pharmacokinetic+data+under+the+FDA%27s+Redbook+II+guidelines+for+direct+food+additives&rft.au=Roth%2C+W+L%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government policy; Food additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing guidelines for evaluation of food additives' effects on male reproduction AN - 16551299; 4351856 AB - The revised FDA Redbook guidelines presented in this article reflect current thinking concerning male reproductive toxicology. A number of different endpoints to assess male reproductive function have been included in the present draft of the FDA Redbook II guidelines to better assess potential effects of direct food additives and color additives on male reproductive function. The guidelines reflect a harmony with the development of the guidelines of regulatory agencies in this country and around the world. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Collins, TFX AD - (HFS-507), Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 327 EP - 336 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - guidelines KW - males KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Government policy KW - Reproduction KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16551299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Testing+guidelines+for+evaluation+of+food+additives%27+effects+on+male+reproduction&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BCollins%2C+TFX&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reproduction; Government policy; Toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing guidelines for evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicity of food additives in females AN - 16550789; 4351855 AB - The original Redbook issued by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982 provided guidelines for testing the effects of direct food additives and color additives on mothers and developing embryos. The tests included brief teratology/developmental toxicity studies and longer studies spanning several generations called multigeneration reproduction studies. In 1993, the draft version of Redbook II was made available for public comment. In it, the revised chapter on reproduction and developmental toxicity is the result of extensive literature review and public comment. It includes discussions of the major manifestations of an effect on the developing organism - death, structural anomaly, altered or retarded growth, and functional deficiency - and evaluation of these manifestations with respect to dosage and other factors. Additional test endpoints and developmental landmarks are included and evaluated. The use of the degree of maternal toxicity in assessing fetotoxicity or embryotoxicity is discussed. FDA's revised guidelines for developmental toxicity and multigeneration reproduction studies are described and compared with current EPA draft guidelines and the guidelines issued by the OECD. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Collins, TFX AU - Sprando, R L AU - Hansen, D L AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Welsh, J J AD - (HFS-507), Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 299 EP - 325 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - development KW - females KW - guidelines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Government policy KW - Standardization KW - Food additives KW - Embryogenesis KW - Reproduction KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Testing+guidelines+for+evaluation+of+reproductive+and+developmental+toxicity+of+food+additives+in+females&rft.au=Collins%2C+TFX%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BHansen%2C+D+L%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BWelsh%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=TFX&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reproduction; Embryogenesis; Government policy; Standardization; Toxicity testing; Food additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In utero phase carcinogenicity testing AN - 16550413; 4351857 AB - Early experimentation with transplacental exposure (1940s) demonstrated that expression of lung tumors in mice was enhanced when urethane was given during development in utero. In 1970, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expert panel on the safety evaluation of food additives and pesticides met and recommended that an in utero exposure phase be added to carcinogenicity testing (U.S. FDA, 1971). An analysis was conducted of studies in the open scientific literature, in food additive studies available in FDA files and in studies performed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). While exposure to rodents during only the adult phase provided qualitatively similar results, early neonatal exposure typically provided slightly higher incidences of tumors, and decreased latency to tumor onset in certain scientific studies. In a series of studies recently performed by the NIEHS with three known animal carcinogens, neonatal or adult exposure produced similar tumors in similar tissues. The food additive saccharin, which shows bladder tumors, and eugenol reliably produced tumors only with neonatal exposure. Implications for carcinogenicity testing of food additives are discussed in light of these experimental findings. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Hattan, D G AD - (HFS-507), Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 337 EP - 353 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - eugenol KW - rodents KW - saccharin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Food additives KW - Carcinogenicity testing KW - Transplacental carcinogenesis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+utero+phase+carcinogenicity+testing&rft.au=Hattan%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Hattan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transplacental carcinogenesis; Carcinogenicity testing; Food additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phages infecting Vibrio vulnificus are abundant and diverse in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from the Gulf of Mexico AN - 16522034; 4281890 AB - Phages infecting Vibrio vulnificus were abundant (> 10 super(4) phages g of oyster tissue super(-)1) throughout the year in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from estuaries adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola Bay, Fla.; Mobile Bay, Ala.; and Black Bay, La.). Estimates of abundance ranged from 10 super(1) to 10 super(5) phages g of oyster tissue super(-1) and were dependent on the bacterial strain used to assay the sample. V. vulnificus was near or below detection limits (< 0.3 cell g super(-1)) from January through March and was most abundant (10 super(3) to 10 super(4) cells g super(-1)) during the summer and fall, when phage abundances also tended to be greatest. The phages isolated were specific to strains of V. vulnificus, except for one isolate that caused lysis in a few strains of V. parahaemolyticus. Based on morphological evidence obtained by transmission electron microscopy, the isolates belonged to the Podoviridae, Styloviridae, and Myoviridae, three families of double-stranded DNA phages. One newly described morphotype belonging to the Podoviridae appears to be ubiquitous in Gulf Coast oysters. Isolates of this morphotype have an elongated capsid (mean, 258 nm; standard deviation, 4 nm; n = 35), with some isolates having a relatively broad host range among strains of V. vulnificus. Results from this study indicate that a morphologically diverse group of phages which infect V. vulnificus is abundant and widely distributed in oysters from estuaries bordering the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - DePaola, A AU - Motes, M L AU - Chan, A M AU - Suttle, CA AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA, AXDm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 346 EP - 351 VL - 64 IS - 1 KW - DNA phages KW - Eastern oyster KW - Mexico Gulf KW - Oysters KW - USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Viruses KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Phages KW - Vira KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Microbial contamination KW - Styloviridae KW - DNA viruses KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Myoviridae KW - Electron microscopy KW - Marine KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Estuaries KW - Pathogens KW - Oyster culture KW - Food contamination KW - Water pollution KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Vibrio KW - Viral diseases KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Oyster fisheries KW - Podoviridae KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phages+infecting+Vibrio+vulnificus+are+abundant+and+diverse+in+oysters+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+collected+from+the+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BMotes%2C+M+L%3BChan%2C+A+M%3BSuttle%2C+CA&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Viral diseases; Estuaries; Microbial contamination; Oyster culture; Pathogens; Oyster fisheries; Water pollution; Electron microscopy; Public health; Disease transmission; Phages; Transmission electron microscopy; Food contamination; DNA viruses; Oysters; Vibrio; Vira; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Crassostrea virginica; Styloviridae; Myoviridae; Podoviridae; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of DNA adducts in vivo in rat lung cells by fume condensates of roofing asphalt AN - 16492063; 4387104 AB - Many workers in the highway construction and roofing industries are potentially exposed to asphalt fumes. However, little is known regarding the carcinogenic hazards of these fumes to the exposed workers. Previous studies have shown that condensates of asphalt fumes are weakly mutagenic to bacteria and are capable of inducing micronucleus formation in cultured mammalian cells. In this study, the induction of DNA adducts in vivo in lung and white blood cells (WBCs) of rats by fume condensates of type I and type III roofing asphalts was investigated using super(32)P-postlabeling analysis. Male CD rats (3/group) received 3 intratracheal instillations of fume condensates in a 24-h period. DNA from both lung cells and WBCs were isolated and used to detect DNA adducts. Condensates of both roofing asphalt fumes caused DNA adduct formation in rat lung cells in a similar dose-related manner. Under the conditions studied, however, neither type I nor type III fume condensate induced DNA adducts in WBCs. These results indicate that 1) condensates of fumes from both type I and type III have similar genotoxic activity, 2) chemicals in the condensates of roofing asphalt fumes can covalently bind to the DNA of rat lung cells, and 3) WBCs may not be a suitable surrogate for lung cells in DNA adduct studies of workers exposed to roofing asphalt fumes. JF - Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis AU - Qian, H-W AU - Ong, T AU - Nath, J AU - Whong, W-Z AD - NIOSH, Room 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 131 EP - 140 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - asphalt KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16492063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+DNA+adducts+in+vivo+in+rat+lung+cells+by+fume+condensates+of+roofing+asphalt&rft.au=Qian%2C+H-W%3BOng%2C+T%3BNath%2C+J%3BWhong%2C+W-Z&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=H-W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology and prevention of helicopter external load accidents AN - 16459234; 4352190 AB - From 1980 through 1995, there were 230 helicopter external load accidents resulting in 57 fatalities and 74 serious nonfatal injuries in the United States investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Helicopter external load operations, such as helicopter logging, place unique demands on the aircraft helicopters and the pilots who fly them. A descriptive analysis of NTSB "accident briefs" indicates that mechanical failure, pilot error, and maintenance errors were cited as the most common probable causes of the accidents. Recent experience in Alaska has shown that by adhering to existing regulations and manufacturer recommendations, and by implementing improved training and frequent maintenance, helicopter external load operations are safer with fewer accidents, crashes, and injuries. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Conway, G A AU - Garrett, L C AD - NIOSH, Alaska Field Station, 4230 University Drive, Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508-4626, USA, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Hormones%2C+and+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Longnecker%2C+Matthew+P%3BTseng%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Longnecker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Harmful Effects on Bone AN - 1474321770 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sampson, H Wayne Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 190 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Harmful+Effects+on+Bone&rft.au=Sampson%2C+H+Wayne&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis and Assessment of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Adolescents AN - 1474321761 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Martin, Christopher S AU - Winters, Ken C Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 95 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+and+Assessment+of+Alcohol+Use+Disorders+Among+Adolescents&rft.au=Martin%2C+Christopher+S%3BWinters%2C+Ken+C&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Special Populations in Alcoholics Anonymous AN - 1474321741 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Tonigan, J Scott AU - Connors, Gerard J AU - Miller, William R Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 281 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Special+Populations+in+Alcoholics+Anonymous&rft.au=Tonigan%2C+J+Scott%3BConnors%2C+Gerard+J%3BMiller%2C+William+R&rft.aulast=Tonigan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Withdrawal AN - 1474321731 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Littleton, John Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 13 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Neurochemical+Mechanisms+Underlying+Alcohol+Withdrawal&rft.au=Littleton%2C+John&rft.aulast=Littleton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Endocrine System: An Overview AN - 1474321604 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE AU - Bartke, Andrzej Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 153 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Endocrine+System%3A+An+Overview&rft.au=HILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE%3BBartke%2C+Andrzej&rft.aulast=HILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL&rft.aufirst=SUSANNE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Hormonal Effects of Alcohol Use on the Mother and Fetus AN - 1474321585 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gabriel, Kara AU - Hofmann, Candace AU - Glavas, Maria AU - Weinberg, Joanne Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 170 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Hormonal+Effects+of+Alcohol+Use+on+the+Mother+and+Fetus&rft.au=Gabriel%2C+Kara%3BHofmann%2C+Candace%3BGlavas%2C+Maria%3BWeinberg%2C+Joanne&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=Kara&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Developmental Behavioral-Genetic Perspective on Alcoholism Risk AN - 1474321576 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Rose, Richard J Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 131 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Developmental+Behavioral-Genetic+Perspective+on+Alcoholism+Risk&rft.au=Rose%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Availability and Targeted Advertising in Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities AN - 1474321575 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Alaniz, Maria Luisa Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 286 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Availability+and+Targeted+Advertising+in+Racial%2FEthnic+Minority+Communities&rft.au=Alaniz%2C+Maria+Luisa&rft.aulast=Alaniz&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence, Trends, and Incidence of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: Analysis of General Population and Clinical Samples AN - 1474321493 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Caetano, Raul AU - Clark, Catherine L AU - Greenfield, Thomas K Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 73 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prevalence%2C+Trends%2C+and+Incidence+of+Alcohol+Withdrawal+Symptoms%3A+Analysis+of+General+Population+and+Clinical+Samples&rft.au=Caetano%2C+Raul%3BClark%2C+Catherine+L%3BGreenfield%2C+Thomas+K&rft.aulast=Caetano&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction to Alcohol Withdrawal AN - 1474321397 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Saitz, Richard Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Alcohol+Withdrawal&rft.au=Saitz%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Saitz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Seeking Behavior: The Roles of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and the Endogenous Opioid System AN - 1474321395 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gianoulakis, Christina Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 202 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Seeking+Behavior%3A+The+Roles+of+the+Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal+Axis+and+the+Endogenous+Opioid+System&rft.au=Gianoulakis%2C+Christina&rft.aulast=Gianoulakis&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholic Beverage Consumption in India, Mexico, and Nigeria: A Cross-Cultural Comparison AN - 1474321391 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bennett, Linda A AU - Campillo, Carlos AU - Chandrashekar, C R AU - Gureje, Oye Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 243 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholic+Beverage+Consumption+in+India%2C+Mexico%2C+and+Nigeria%3A+A+Cross-Cultural+Comparison&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Linda+A%3BCampillo%2C+Carlos%3BChandrashekar%2C+C+R%3BGureje%2C+Oye&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Use Among Adolescents AN - 1474321212 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - O' Malley, Patrick M AU - Johnston, Lloyd D AU - Bachman, Jerald G Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 85 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Use+Among+Adolescents&rft.au=O%27+Malley%2C+Patrick+M%3BJohnston%2C+Lloyd+D%3BBachman%2C+Jerald+G&rft.aulast=O%27+Malley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Hangover: Mechanisms and Mediators AN - 1474321204 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Swift, Robert AU - Davidson, Dena Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 54 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Hangover%3A+Mechanisms+and+Mediators&rft.au=Swift%2C+Robert%3BDavidson%2C+Dena&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Patterns and Problems Among African-Americans: Recent Findings AN - 1474317773 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jones-Webb, Rhonda Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 260 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+Patterns+and+Problems+Among+African-Americans%3A+Recent+Findings&rft.au=Jones-Webb%2C+Rhonda&rft.aulast=Jones-Webb&rft.aufirst=Rhonda&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Effects on Female Puberty: The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 AN - 1474317734 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dees, W Les AU - Hiney, Jill K AU - Srivastava, Vinod Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 165 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Effects+on+Female+Puberty%3A+The+Role+of+Insulin-like+Growth+Factor+1&rft.au=Dees%2C+W+Les%3BHiney%2C+Jill+K%3BSrivastava%2C+Vinod&rft.aulast=Dees&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons From Project Northland: Preventing Alcohol Problems During Adolescence AN - 1474317718 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Williams, Carolyn L AU - Perry, Cheryl L Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 107 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Lessons+From+Project+Northland%3A+Preventing+Alcohol+Problems+During+Adolescence&rft.au=Williams%2C+Carolyn+L%3BPerry%2C+Cheryl+L&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of a Family History of Alcoholism on the Relationship Between Age at Onset of Alcohol Use and DSM - IV Alcohol Dependence: Results From the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey AN - 1474317633 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grant, Bridget F Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 144 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+a+Family+History+of+Alcoholism+on+the+Relationship+Between+Age+at+Onset+of+Alcohol+Use+and+DSM+-+IV+Alcohol+Dependence%3A+Results+From+the+National+Longitudinal+Alcohol+Epidemiologic+Survey&rft.au=Grant%2C+Bridget+F&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and the Hormonal Control of Lactation AN - 1474317502 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Heil, Sarah H AU - Subramanian, Marappa G Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 178 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+the+Hormonal+Control+of+Lactation&rft.au=Heil%2C+Sarah+H%3BSubramanian%2C+Marappa+G&rft.aulast=Heil&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kindling in Alcohol Withdrawal AN - 1474317492 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Becker, Howard C Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 25 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Kindling+in+Alcohol+Withdrawal&rft.au=Becker%2C+Howard+C&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrophysiological Changes After Repeated Alcohol Withdrawal AN - 1474317368 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gonzalez, Larry P Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 34 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Electrophysiological+Changes+After+Repeated+Alcohol+Withdrawal&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+Larry+P&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Effects on Male Reproduction AN - 1474317351 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Emanuele, Mary Ann AU - Emanuele, Nicholas V Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 195 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Effects+on+Male+Reproduction&rft.au=Emanuele%2C+Mary+Ann%3BEmanuele%2C+Nicholas+V&rft.aulast=Emanuele&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholic Beverages as a Source of Estrogens AN - 1474317300 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gavaler, Judith S Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 220 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholic+Beverages+as+a+Source+of+Estrogens&rft.au=Gavaler%2C+Judith+S&rft.aulast=Gavaler&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychopathology in Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Dependence AN - 1474317204 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Clark, Duncan B AU - Bukstein, Oscar G Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 117 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Psychopathology+in+Adolescent+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Dependence&rft.au=Clark%2C+Duncan+B%3BBukstein%2C+Oscar+G&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Consumption Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: Theory and Research AN - 1474317141 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Caetano, Raul AU - Clark, Catherine L AU - Tam, Tammy Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 233 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Consumption+Among+Racial%2FEthnic+Minorities%3A+Theory+and+Research&rft.au=Caetano%2C+Raul%3BClark%2C+Catherine+L%3BTam%2C+Tammy&rft.aulast=Caetano&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disturbances of the Stress Response: The Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis During Alcohol Withdrawal and Abstinence AN - 1474317127 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Adinoff, Bryon AU - Iranmanesh, Ali AU - Veldhuis, Johannes AU - Fisher, Lisa Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 67 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Disturbances+of+the+Stress+Response%3A+The+Role+of+the+Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal+Axis+During+Alcohol+Withdrawal+and+Abstinence&rft.au=Adinoff%2C+Bryon%3BIranmanesh%2C+Ali%3BVeldhuis%2C+Johannes%3BFisher%2C+Lisa&rft.aulast=Adinoff&rft.aufirst=Bryon&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Does Alcohol Withdrawal Play a Role? AN - 1474317070 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Thomas, Jennifer D AU - Riley, Edward P Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 47 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome%3A+Does+Alcohol+Withdrawal+Play+a+Role%3F&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Jennifer+D%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Overview of Outpatient and Inpatient Detoxification AN - 1474317064 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hayashida, Motoi Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 44 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=An+Overview+of+Outpatient+and+Inpatient+Detoxification&rft.au=Hayashida%2C+Motoi&rft.aulast=Hayashida&rft.aufirst=Motoi&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Patterns and Drinking Problems Among Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders AN - 1474317024 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - MAKIMOTO, KIYOKO Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 270 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+Patterns+and+Drinking+Problems+Among+Asian-Americans+and+Pacific+Islanders&rft.au=MAKIMOTO%2C+KIYOKO&rft.aulast=MAKIMOTO&rft.aufirst=KIYOKO&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Use Among Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Puerto Ricans AN - 1474316975 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Randolph, Whitney M AU - Stroup-Benham, Christine AU - Black, Sandra A AU - Markides, Kyriakos S Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 265 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Use+Among+Cuban-Americans%2C+Mexican-Americans%2C+and+Puerto+Ricans&rft.au=Randolph%2C+Whitney+M%3BStroup-Benham%2C+Christine%3BBlack%2C+Sandra+A%3BMarkides%2C+Kyriakos+S&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American Indians and Alcohol AN - 1474316895 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Beauvais, Fred Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 253 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=American+Indians+and+Alcohol&rft.au=Beauvais%2C+Fred&rft.aulast=Beauvais&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER -