TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing liver cancer--global control of aflatoxin AN - 17424948; 4646094 AB - Liver cancer is an important public health problem, ranking fifth in frequency of cancers worldwide with 427,000 deaths in 1990. Incidence rates in developing countries are estimated to be approximately 2 to 10 times those in developed countries; 76% of cases are found in Asia. There are many risk factors for liver cancer, including exposure to hepatitis B or C (HBV or HCV) and aflatoxins. Recently, a United Nations organization, the Codex Alimentarius, requested a quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the health risk posed by aflatoxin-contaminated foods moving in world trade. This represented the first time such an approach was used at an international level. This assessment also addressed how different worldwide population incidences of hepatitis B affect these risk and the international regulatory and public health implications of the assessment. Analysis of the conclusions of the report and its impact on policies affecting world trade indicate the challenges of using science to implement public policy. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Henry, SH AU - Bosch, F X AU - Troxell, T C AU - Bolger, P M AD - Cent. for Food Saf. and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Amin., Washington, DC 20204, USA, SHenry@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/24/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 24 SP - 2453 EP - 2454 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 286 IS - 5449 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - hepatitis KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food contamination KW - Cancer KW - Mycotoxins KW - Liver KW - Developing countries KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17424948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Reducing+liver+cancer--global+control+of+aflatoxin&rft.au=Henry%2C+SH%3BBosch%2C+F+X%3BTroxell%2C+T+C%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=1999-12-24&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=5449&rft.spage=2453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.286.5449.2453 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Cancer; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Mortality; Developing countries; Mycotoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5449.2453 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hprt mutant frequency and molecular analysis of Hprt mutations in rats treated with mutagenic carcinogens. AN - 69409530; 10636003 AB - Much of the progress in the field of cancer research has come from the increased understanding of the molecular events associated with the initiation and accumulation of mutational events associated with carcinogenesis. Genetic toxicologists have developed a number of in vitro and in vivo non-mammalian and mammalian systems to predict those genetic events required to induce the cancer process. Several model rodent systems have been proposed that have the ability to detect and quantify in vivo somatic mutation in endogenous genes and transgenes and relate the nature of the mutation to the specific type of chemical damage. One such system, the rat lymphocyte hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) assay is described in this review. Data are presented that describe mutant induction and mutational spectra in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) and thiotepa (TEPA) treated rats. JF - Mutation research AU - Casciano, D A AU - Aidoo, A AU - Chen, T AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Heflich, R H AD - National Cancer for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. dcasciano@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 17 SP - 389 EP - 395 VL - 431 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Thiotepa KW - 905Z5W3GKH KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Triethylenephosphoramide KW - GL19M2KE52 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Rats KW - Thiotepa -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Culture Techniques -- methods KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Triethylenephosphoramide -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69409530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Hprt+mutant+frequency+and+molecular+analysis+of+Hprt+mutations+in+rats+treated+with+mutagenic+carcinogens.&rft.au=Casciano%2C+D+A%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BChen%2C+T%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Casciano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-17&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence specificity of Hprt lymphocyte mutation in rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene. AN - 69419980; 10656495 AB - Rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) have a low, but significantly increased, frequency of lymphocyte Hprt mutants. In this study, mutants from 2-AAF-fed and control F344 rats were examined for mutations in the Hprt gene in order to determine if the 2-AAF treatment resulted in an agent-specific mutation profile. The most common mutation from 2-AAF-treated rats was G:C-->T:A transversion (32% of all mutations) followed by 1-basepair (bp) deletion (19%); there were very few (5%) G:C-->A:T transitions. Among mutations from control rats, G:C-->A:T transition was the most common (43%), and there were very few G:C-->T:A transversions (5%) and no 1-bp deletions. The profile of mutations from 2-AAF-fed rats was significantly different from control rats (P = 0.003) and was consistent with the types of mutations produced by 2-AAF in vitro. The results of this study indicate that even weak mutational responses in the lymphocyte Hprt assay are capable of producing mutation profiles that reflect the DNA damage inducing them. JF - Mutation research AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Smith, B A AU - Chen, T AU - Beland, F A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rmittelst@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 16 SP - 167 EP - 173 VL - 431 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- administration & dosage KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Mutation KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69419980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Sequence+specificity+of+Hprt+lymphocyte+mutation+in+rats+fed+the+hepatocarcinogen+2-acetylaminofluorene.&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BChen%2C+T%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-16&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recurrent injury event-time analysis. AN - 69372787; 10602157 AB - Public health decision making based on data sources that are characterized by a lack of independence and other complicating factors requires the development of innovative statistical techniques. Studies of injuries in occupational cohorts require methods to account for recurrent injuries to workers over time and the temporary removal of workers from the 'risk set' while recuperating. In this study, the times until injury events are modelled in an occupational cohort of employees in a large power utility company where employees are susceptible to recurrent events. The injury history over a ten-year period is used to compare the hazards of specific jobs, adjusted for age when first hired, and race/ethnicity differences. Subject-specific random effects and multiple event-times are accommodated through the application of frailty models which characterize the dependence of recurrent events over time. The counting process formulation of the proportional hazards regression model is used to estimate the effects of covariates for subjects with discontinuous intervals of risk. In this application, subjects are not at risk of injury during recovery periods or other illness, changes in jobs, or other reasons. Previous applications of proportional hazards regression in frailty models have not needed to account for the changing composition of the risk set which is required to adequately model occupational injury data. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Wassell, J T AU - Wojciechowski, W C AU - Landen, D D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. jtw2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 3355 EP - 3363 VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Recurrence KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Power Plants KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69372787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Recurrent+injury+event-time+analysis.&rft.au=Wassell%2C+J+T%3BWojciechowski%2C+W+C%3BLanden%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Wassell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutational analysis of avidity and fine specificity of anti-levan antibodies. AN - 69333350; 10586066 AB - Using the polyfructose, bacterial levan, as a model polysaccharide, we analyzed how V regions affect binding in anti-polysaccharide mAbs. Previously, panels of mAb were constructed from bacterial levan-immunized BALB/c and CBA/Ca mice. The BALB/c mAb were mostly germline VHJ606:Vkappa11, and a subset contained presumed somatic mutations in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) that correlated with increases in avidity for the beta(2-->1) inulin linkage of levan. The CBA/Ca mAb were more heterogeneous in V gene usage, but a subset of inulin-nonreactive mAb were VHJ606:Vlambda and had VH sequence differences in the CDRs from the VHJ606 regions of the BALB/c mAb. In this report, VHJ606 Abs containing various combinations of specifically mutated H and L chains were produced by engineered transfectants and tested for inulin avidity and levan binding. Two presumed somatic mutations seen in CDRs of the BALB/c hybridomas were shown to directly cause marked increases in avidity for inulin (VH N53H, 9-fold; VL N53I, 20-fold; together, 46-fold) but not for beta(2-->6) levan. Exchange of either positions 50 or 53 in VH or the H3 loop between the BALB/c and CBA/Ca mAb resulted in either fine specificity shift or total loss of bacterial levan binding. Three-dimensional models of the V regions suggested that residues that affect binding to inulin alone are near the edge of the CDR surface, while residues involved with binding both forms of levan and affecting fine specificity are in the VH:VL junctional area. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Brorson, K AU - Thompson, C AU - Wei, G AU - Krasnokutsky, M AU - Stein, K E AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Brorson@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 6694 EP - 6701 VL - 163 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Fructans KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial KW - Inulin KW - 9005-80-5 KW - levan KW - 9013-95-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains -- chemistry KW - Hybridomas KW - Models, Molecular KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains -- genetics KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains -- metabolism KW - Inulin -- immunology KW - Mice, Inbred CBA KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- genetics KW - Inulin -- metabolism KW - Immunoglobulin Variable Region -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Fructans -- immunology KW - Antibody Affinity -- genetics KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- metabolism KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- genetics KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Polysaccharides, Bacterial -- metabolism KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- chemistry KW - Antibody Specificity -- genetics KW - Fructans -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69333350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stress+and+Health%3A+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Investigation+of+Stress&rft.atitle=Latent+classes+of+resilience+and+psychological+response+among+only%E2%80%90child+loss+parents+in+china&rft.au=Wang%2C+An%E2%80%90ni%3BZhang%2C+Wen%3BZhang%2C+Jing%E2%80%90ping%3BHuang%2C+Fei%E2%80%90fei%3BYe%2C+Man%3BYao%2C+Shu%E2%80%90yu%3BLuo%2C+Yuan%E2%80%90hui%3BLi%2C+Zhi%E2%80%90hua%3BZhang%2C+Jie%3BSu%2C+Pan&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=An%E2%80%90ni&rft.date=2016-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Stress+and+Health%3A+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+Investigation+of+Stress&rft.issn=15323005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fsmi.2715 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF132845; GENBANK; AF132846; AF132844; AF132848; AF132847 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reevaluation of nucleotide sequences of wild-type and attenuated polioviruses of type 3 AN - 17403206; 4632139 AB - Published sequences of wild-type and attenuated Sabin strains of type 3 poliovirus (Leon/37 and Leon 12a sub(1)b) were derived from cDNA clones. Recent direct sequencing of Sabin 3 RNA showed that it differed from the published sequence in at least two sites. Here results of direct sequencing of genomes of three independently re-derived sub-strains of attenuated Sabin 3 poliovirus used for oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) production in addition to the most widely used Pfizer sub-strain are reported. The results showed that all four sub-strains of attenuated type 3 poliovirus contain unique patterns of mutations. Two stocks of the wild-type progenitor Leon /37 strain were also sequenced. Analysis of the two samples of Leon /37 virus showed that one of them is much closer to the Sabin 3 strain, and is an intermediate product of the attenuation process. In addition, we created genetically engineered constructs which contained some of the mutations suspected for their possible role in neurovirulence, and tested them in monkeys and in transgenic mice sensitive to poliovirus. The results suggested that none of them increased neurovirulence of the virus, but some may improve virus replication. Therefore the only mutation occurring in Sabin 3 under vaccine production conditions that appears to affect neurovirulence of the virus is the well known U arrow right C reversion at nucleotide 472. JF - Virus Research AU - Rezapkin, G V AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-470, 1401 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD USA Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 111 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1702, 0168-1702 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genomes KW - Poliovirus KW - Attenuation KW - Vaccines KW - Mutation KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - A 01096:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17403206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Research&rft.atitle=Reevaluation+of+nucleotide+sequences+of+wild-type+and+attenuated+polioviruses+of+type+3&rft.au=Rezapkin%2C+G+V&rft.aulast=Rezapkin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virus+Research&rft.issn=01681702&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1702%2899%2900108-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poliovirus; Vaccines; Attenuation; Mutation; Genomes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00108-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell density dependent acid sensitivity in stationary phase cultures of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 17400224; 4632218 AB - Escherichia coli O157:H7, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, can survive in a highly acidic environment. The acid resistance of this organism, as measured by its ability to survive in low pH, depended on the density of the cells present during the assay. At low cell densities ( less than or equal to 2 x 10 super(7) ml super(-1)), about 100% of the stationary phase cells survived in Luria broth pH 2.5 at 37 degree C for at least 7 h. The same cultures at high cell densities (2-5 x 10 super(9) ml super(-1)) were about 1000-fold more sensitive under identical conditions. Exponential phase cultures did not exhibit the cell density effect. The increased acid sensitivity at high cell densities was absent in the stationary phase cultures of a rpoS mutant (rpoS::pRR10) of an E. coli O157:H7 strain. Cell density dependent acid sensitivity of the stationary phase cultures was also observed in other enterohemorrhagic E. coli and Shigella strains. The increased acid sensitivity at high cell densities was absent in Gram-positive organisms. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Datta, A R AD - Center For Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, S.W. Washington, DC USA Y1 - 1999/12/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 15 SP - 289 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier VL - 181 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Acids KW - Hemolytic uremic syndrome KW - Cell density KW - Escherichia coli KW - Cell culture KW - Acidity KW - Colitis KW - pH effects KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Journal+of+Clinical+Psychology&rft.atitle=Latent+classes+of+resilience+and+their+depression+difference+of+only-child+loss+people&rft.au=Wang%2C+An-ni%3BZhang%2C+Wen%3BYao%2C+Shu-yu%3BLuo%2C+Yuan-hui%3BLi%2C+Zhi-hua%3BZhang%2C+Jing-ping&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=An-ni&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chinese+Journal+of+Clinical+Psychology&rft.issn=10053611&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH effects; Acidity; Cell density; Cell culture; Hemolytic uremic syndrome; Colitis; Acids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00532-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute ibogaine injection induces expression of the immediate early genes, egr-1 and c-fos, in mouse brain. AN - 69414257; 10640697 AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate if an acute injection of ibogaine (IBO) induces immediate early gene expression in different regions of mouse brain. Adult male C57 mice received a single injection of IBO and were perfused transcardially with 1% paraformaldehyde 30 min after the drug administration. A single injection of IBO produced a significant increase of egr-1 messenger RNA induction in nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate-putamen (CPu), frontal cortex (FCx), septum, dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region of hippocampus, whereas c-fos gene was induced in CPu, FCx, DG, septum and CA1 region of hippocampus. This gene expression may be due, in part, to the stimulant properties of IBO, as we found with other psychostimulants. JF - Brain research. Molecular brain research AU - Ali, S F AU - Thiriet, N AU - Zwiller, J AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12/10/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 10 SP - 237 EP - 241 VL - 74 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-328X, 0169-328X KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Early Growth Response Protein 1 KW - Egr1 protein, mouse KW - Hallucinogens KW - Immediate-Early Proteins KW - RNA Probes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Transcription Factors KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Septum of Brain -- drug effects KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - Dentate Gyrus -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Septum of Brain -- metabolism KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Dentate Gyrus -- drug effects KW - Putamen -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Frontal Lobe -- metabolism KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Putamen -- drug effects KW - Hallucinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Genes, Immediate-Early -- genetics KW - Genes, fos -- genetics KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Ibogaine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69414257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research.+Molecular+brain+research&rft.atitle=Acute+ibogaine+injection+induces+expression+of+the+immediate+early+genes%2C+egr-1+and+c-fos%2C+in+mouse+brain.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BThiriet%2C+N%3BZwiller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-10&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research.+Molecular+brain+research&rft.issn=0169328X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of reactive oxygen species and p53 in chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis. AN - 69309119; 10574974 AB - Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that may lead to disease states. The present study investigates chromium(VI) (Cr(VI))-induced apoptosis and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p53 in this response. Treatment of human lung epithelial cells (A549) with Cr(VI) caused apoptosis as measured by DNA fragmentation, mitochondria damage, and cell morphology. Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis is contributed to ROS generation, resulting from cellular reduction of Cr(VI) as measured by flow cytometric analysis of the stained cells, oxygen consumption, and electron spin resonance spin trapping. Scavengers of ROS, such as catalase, aspirin, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, decreased Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, whereas NADPH and glutathione reductase, enhancers of Cr(VI)-induced ROS generation, increased it. p53 is activated by Cr(VI), mostly by ROS-mediated free radical reactions. Cr(VI)-induced ROS generation occurred within a few minutes after Cr(VI) treatment of the cells, whereas p53 induction took at least 5 h. The level of Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis was similar in both p53-positive cells and p53-negative cells independent of p53 status in the early stage (0-3 h) of Cr(VI) treatment. However, at the later stage (3-24 h), the level of the apoptosis is higher in p53-positive cells than in p53-negative cells. These results suggest that ROS generated through Cr(VI) reduction is responsible to the early stage of apoptosis, whereas p53 contributes to the late stage of apoptosis and is responsible for the enhancement of Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis at this stage. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ye, J AU - Wang, S AU - Leonard, S S AU - Sun, Y AU - Butterworth, L AU - Antonini, J AU - Ding, M AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/12/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 03 SP - 34974 EP - 34980 VL - 274 IS - 49 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Cyclosporine KW - 83HN0GTJ6D KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Blotting, Western KW - Spin Trapping KW - Oxygen Consumption KW - Cyclosporine -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- physiology KW - Apoptosis KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- physiology KW - Chromium -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69309119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Auk&rft.atitle=Larid+site+tenacity+and+group+adherence+in+relation+to+habitat&rft.au=McNicholl%2C+Martin+K.&rft.aulast=McNicholl&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=1975-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Auk&rft.issn=00048038&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F4084420 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency dependence of ultrasonic backscatter from human trabecular bone: theory and experiment. AN - 85310600; pmid-10615704 AB - A model describing the frequency dependence of backscatter coefficient from trabecular bone is presented. Scattering is assumed to originate from the surfaces of trabeculae, which are modeled as long thin cylinders with radii small compared with the ultrasonic wavelength. Experimental ultrasonic measurements at 500 kHz, 1 MHz, and 2.25 MHz from a wire target and from trabecular bone samples from human calcaneus in vitro are reported. In both cases, measurements are in good agreement with theory. For mediolateral insonification of calcaneus at low frequencies, including the typical diagnostic range (near 500 kHz), backscatter coefficient is proportional to frequency cubed. At higher frequencies, the frequency response flattens out. The data also suggest that at diagnostic frequencies, multiple scattering effects on the average are relatively small for the samples investigated. Finally, at diagnostic frequencies, the data suggest that absorption is likely to be a larger component of attenuation than scattering. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. kaw@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 3659 EP - 3664 VL - 106 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - Bone Density KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Ultrasonics KW - Bone and Bones -- ultrasonography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85310600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Frequency+dependence+of+ultrasonic+backscatter+from+human+trabecular+bone%3A+theory+and+experiment.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of alkylamine permeation through protective gloves using aliphatic amine pads. AN - 69512386; 11529186 AB - A quantitative study of alkylamine permeation through a glove material using Permea-Tec aliphatic amine pads, used for the detection of chemical breakthrough of protective clothing, was performed for triethylamine following a microwave-extraction process and gas chromatographic analysis. Triethylamine exhibited > 99% adsorption on the pads at a spiking level of 729 ng (1.0 ml). Triethylamine showed recoveries from 63 to 90% (RSD 4 h. The quantitative concentration of triethylamine on the pads following permeation through the gloves was also determined, ranging from 101 to 103 ng cm-2 (382-386 ng per pad). JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Vo, E AU - Berardinelli, S P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 545 EP - 548 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Permeability KW - Microwaves KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Equipment Failure KW - Materials Testing KW - Gloves, Protective -- standards KW - Amines -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69512386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Determination+of+alkylamine+permeation+through+protective+gloves+using+aliphatic+amine+pads.&rft.au=Vo%2C+E%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two carbon analysis methods for monitoring diesel particulate levels in mines. AN - 69503601; 11534530 AB - Two carbon analysis methods are currently being applied to the occupational monitoring of diesel particulate matter. Both methods are based on thermal techniques for the determination of organic and elemental carbon. In Germany, method ZH 1/120.44 has been published. This method, or a variation of it, is being used for compliance measurements in several European countries, and a Comité Européen de Normalization Working Group was formed recently to address the establishment of a European measurement standard. In the USA, a 'thermal-optical' method has been published as Method 5040 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. As with ZH 1/120.44, organic and elemental carbon are determined through temperature and atmosphere control, but different instrumentation and analysis conditions are used. Although the two methods are similar in principle, they gave statistically different results in a previous interlaboratory comparison. Because different instruments and operating conditions are used, between-method differences can be expected in some cases. Reasonable agreement is expected when the sample contains no other (i.e., non-diesel) sources of carbonaceous particulate and the organic fraction is essentially removed below about 500 degrees C. Airborne particulate samples from some mines may meet these criteria. Comparison data on samples from mines are important because the methods are being applied in this workplace for occupational monitoring and epidemiological studies. In this paper, results of a recent comparison on samples collected in a Canadian mine are reported. As seen in a previous comparison, there was good agreement between the total carbon results found by the two methods, with ZH 1/120.44 giving about 6% less carbon than Method 5040. Differences in the organic and elemental carbon results were again seen, but they were much smaller than those obtained in the previous comparison. The relatively small differences in the split between organic and elemental carbon are attributed to the different thermal programs used. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Birch, M E AU - Dahmann, D AU - Fricke, H H AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 541 EP - 544 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Particle Size KW - Carbon -- chemistry KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Mining KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69503601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+carbon+analysis+methods+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+levels+in+mines.&rft.au=Birch%2C+M+E%3BDahmann%2C+D%3BFricke%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VI. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. AN - 69471051; 10786378 AB - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (also known as DEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or BEHP; CAS Registry Number 117-81-7) is a widely-used plasticizer. It is found in numerous plastic articles, such as paints, inks, floor tiles, upholstery, shower curtains, footwear, plastic bags, food-packaging materials, toys, and medical tubing. Not surprisingly, DEHP appears at many waste sites. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals that are of greatest public health concern at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priority List (NPL) sites. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of ATSDR's profile for DEHP (ATSDR, 1993) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and endpoint, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, at the behest of Congress and therefore the citizenry, prepares these profiles to inform the public about site contaminants. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Fay, M AU - Donohue, J M AU - De Rosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rmf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 651 EP - 746 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Plasticizers KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Public Policy KW - Public Health KW - Plasticizers -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plasticizers -- pharmacokinetics KW - Plasticizers -- pharmacology KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- adverse effects KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69471051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=ATSDR+evaluation+of+health+effects+of+chemicals.+VI.+Di%282-ethylhexyl%29phthalate.+Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry.&rft.au=Fay%2C+M%3BDonohue%2C+J+M%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinically important FEV1 declines among coal miners: an exploration of previously unrecognised determinants. AN - 69424727; 10658541 AB - The relation between occupational exposure to dust and loss of ventilatory lung function is now well established. However, many exposures during work and other activities might also have important roles in determining clinically important losses of lung function. In this study, we attempted to explore additional plausible determinants of exposures and other potential risk factors for clinically important decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) during work in dusty trades. The study was performed in 264 underground coal miners whose lung function had been followed up for an average of 11 years. With an extensive follow up questionnaire, miners were asked about their occupational and non-occupational exposures, smoking, personal and family medical history, and living conditions during childhood. Several variables of the mine environment (as well as previously recognised effects of mining work and region) were found to be associated with excess decline in FEV1, including work in roof bolting, exposure to explosive blasting, and to control dust spraying water that had been stored in holding tanks. Use of respiratory protection seemed to reduce the risk of decline in FEV1. Other factors that were found to be associated with declines in pulmonary function included smoking, body mass, weight gain, childhood pneumonia, and childhood exposure in the home to passive tobacco smoke and possibly smoke due to wood and coal fuels. Miners with excessive decline in FEV1 were less likely to be working in mining jobs at follow up. These findings suggest the existence of additional risk factors for decline in lung function in dusty trades, and may be useful in developing additional approaches to the prevention of chronic respiratory disease. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Wang, M L AU - Petsonk, E L AU - Beeckman, L A AU - Wagner, G R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Respiratory Disease, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 837 EP - 844 VL - 56 IS - 12 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Regression Analysis KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Spirometry KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- physiology KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69424727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Clinically+important+FEV1+declines+among+coal+miners%3A+an+exploration+of+previously+unrecognised+determinants.&rft.au=Wang%2C+M+L%3BPetsonk%2C+E+L%3BBeeckman%2C+L+A%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Occup Hyg. 1972 Nov;15(2):285-301 [4648241] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Oct;32(4):423-32 [9258399] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Apr;127(4):508-23 [6340572] N Engl J Med. 1983 Sep 22;309(12):699-703 [6888441] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):214-9 [6722049] Thorax. 1985 Feb;40(2):132-7 [3975864] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jun;133(6):966-73 [3717768] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 May 23;294(6583):1317-20 [3109634] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Aug;138(2):296-9 [3195829] BMJ. 1991 Sep 21;303(6804):671-5 [1912913] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Jul;49(7):472-9 [1322158] J Occup Med. 1992 Oct;34(10):979-88 [1403198] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):38-48 [8317812] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Oct;50(10):929-37 [8217853] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Mar;149(3 Pt 1):616-9 [8118627] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19 Suppl 2:37-43 [8209194] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Jan;151(1):41-6 [7812570] Thorax. 1982 Mar;37(3):193-7 [6980496] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptive role of caloric intake on the degenerative disease processes. AN - 69396805; 10630584 AB - Carcinogenicity and aging are characterized by a set of complex endpoints, which appear as a series of molecular events. Many of these events can be modified by caloric intake. Since most of these processes determine an organism's ability to cope with various environmental stressors, it is not surprising that a relationship (in the presence of a constant nutrient density) exists between caloric intake and time-to-tumor and/or life span. Our studies have clearly shown that generally, the greater the caloric intake, the greater the body weight, the higher the incidence of spontaneous tumor occurrence, the greater the susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, and the shorter the life span. It is also recognized that variables other than body weight influence the life span and carcinogenesis. We have focused our attention on the questions of how and to what extent caloric intake modifies those homeostatic processes believed to be critical in determining the ability of an organism to cope with endogenous and exogenous stresses such as chemical, physical, and biological carcinogens. The response of an organism to its environment can be divided into four categories--physiological, metabolic, molecular, and cellular. We have found that, from a physiological perspective, decreasing caloric intake causes body temperature in rodents to be decreased by 0.5 to 1.8 degrees C and water consumption to be increased by 80%, as is running activity. However, metabolic output per gram of lean body mass is not altered. Reproductive capacity declines, whereas the ECG waveform is preserved as caloric intake decreases. Alterations in these and other physiological functions suggests that energy intake serves as a signal to up-regulate or down-regulate functions related to the flight-or-fight response observed in placental mammals. A number of key metabolic pathways are altered as a function of lowered caloric intake, even though the rate of food consumption per gram of lean body mass remains steady during body weight decreases caused by decreasing caloric intake. Pharmacological compartmentalization, however, is altered. As caloric intake declines, changes occur in the expression of a number of drug-metabolizing enzymes, with the most striking effect seen in sex-specific growth hormones and liver-dependent phase I and phase II enzymes. Additionally, oxidative stress (free-radical and mediated damage to macromolecules) appears to decrease as a function of reduced caloric intake. A number of molecular processes also change with changes in energy consumption. Our studies have shown that, regardless of the source and nature of DNA damage, DNA repair is better preserved and/or enhanced when caloric consumption decreases. In addition, the fidelity of DNA replication increases and oncogene expression is stabilized, P53 gene expression is increased, and apoptosis is elevated by up to 500% with decreased caloric intake. At the cellular level, cell proliferation is decreased in direct proportion to lower energy intake in some but not all tissues. Studies have also shown an enhancement in immune capacity, changes in IGF1, and accelerated rates of wound healing proportionate to declines in energy consumption. Our most recent findings, however, have shown that the benefits associated with decreases in caloric intake only occur in the presence of sufficient nutrient quality and density. In the absence of proper nutrition, however, sensitivity to carcinogens and toxic substances appears to be enhanced. These findings are supported by independent studies. These observations have led us to conclude that, in certain organisms, when caloric intake is decreased, there is an up-regulation of those processes that modulate the responses to a wide range of environmental stressors. This response allows for a better survival rate and a down-regulation of reproductive activity. It is our belief that, during periods of environmental stress, these systems may be essential to perpetu JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hart, R W AU - Dixit, R AU - Seng, J AU - Turturro, A AU - Leakey, J E AU - Feuers, R AU - Duffy, P AU - Buffington, C AU - Cowan, G AU - Lewis, S AU - Pipkin, J AU - Li, S Y AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. RHart@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 3 EP - 12 VL - 52 IS - 2 Suppl SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Longevity KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology KW - Disease -- etiology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Homeostasis -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69396805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Adaptive+role+of+caloric+intake+on+the+degenerative+disease+processes.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BDixit%2C+R%3BSeng%2C+J%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BLeakey%2C+J+E%3BFeuers%2C+R%3BDuffy%2C+P%3BBuffington%2C+C%3BCowan%2C+G%3BLewis%2C+S%3BPipkin%2C+J%3BLi%2C+S+Y&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2+Suppl&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths from hematopoietic and other cancers in relation to permanent hair dye use in a large prospective study (United States). AN - 69382190; 10616830 AB - To assess in a large prospective study whether women who used permanent hair dye, especially dark dye for many years, experienced increased death rates from hematopoietic and other cancers that have been associated with hair dye use in some previous reports. In 1982, 547,586 women provided information on use of permanent hair dye and other lifestyle factors when enrolled in an American Cancer Society (ACS) prospective study. We extended mortality follow-up from 7 to 12 years. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling we compared death rates from hematopoietic and other cancers among women according to their hair dye use at baseline with death rates in unexposed women. The adjusted death rate from all cancers combined was marginally lower among women who ever used hair dye than nonusers (relative risk [RR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.0). Mortality from all hematopoietic cancers was marginally higher among users than nonusers (RR = 1.1; CI = 1.0-1.2), and increased with an index that combined duration of use and darker coloration (test of trend p = 0.02). Women who used black or brown dye for 10 or more years experienced somewhat higher death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and (for black dye only) multiple myeloma. The temporal increase in death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma between 1982-88 and 1989-94 was similar for women in our study who never used hair dyes to the increase among all US women. If prolonged use of dark permanent hair dyes contributes to death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma, then the increase is small and difficult to detect reliably even in large prospective studies. The use of permanent hair dye is unlikely to be a major contributor to the temporal rise in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the US. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Henley, S J AU - Thun, M J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 617 EP - 625 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Hair Dyes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Multiple Myeloma -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- etiology KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Multiple Myeloma -- mortality KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Hair Dyes -- adverse effects KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69382190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Deaths+from+hematopoietic+and+other+cancers+in+relation+to+permanent+hair+dye+use+in+a+large+prospective+study+%28United+States%29.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BHenley%2C+S+J%3BThun%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retinoic acid acts during peri-implantational development to alter axial and brain formation. AN - 69349924; 10592067 AB - All-trans retinoid acid (RA) induces a stereotypic spectrum of stage-specific malformations in vertebrate conceptuses. The present work evaluated the anatomic and biochemical effects of exposure to RA in mouse embryos at a peri-implantational stage of development - gestational day (GD) 5. The RA receptors (RARs) beta and gamma, the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) alpha and beta, and the cellular retinoid acid binding proteins (CRABPs) I and II were detected by RT-PCR in both control and treated individual GD 5 decidua/embryo complexes 3 h after RA injection, indicating the presence of the mRNAs coding for the proteins that mediate the effects of RA. In contrast, the RAR alpha mRNA was detected in some but not all decidua/embryo complexes, both control and treated, suggesting that its expression is initiated at approximately GD 5, while RXR gamma mRNA was not detected. Examination of the control and RA-exposed embryos on GD 10, 12, or 17 showed that greater than 50% of the RA-exposed embryos were adversely affected, many with defects found only after serial histopathological examination. The malformations were localized primarily in the central nervous system, the branchial arches, and their derivatives. These terata included excessive folding and elevation of the neural tube floor plate, exencephaly (with detachment of the cephalic neuroepithelium and rarefied cephalic mesenchyme), persistent patency of Rathke's pouch, small trigeminal ganglia, neural diverticula (chiefly from the spinal cord), and/or various optic and otic defects. Unexpectedly, limb reduplications were not apparent in RA-exposed fetuses. Those litters examined on GD 17 had a high percentage of resorbed or malformed implantations, and the few apparently normal fetuses were developmentally delayed with respect to bone ossification. These data confirm that the development of neural- and neural crest-derived structures are severely disrupted by RA exposure prior to initial specification of the neural plate and suggest that many of the proteins that regulate RA signaling are available in early vertebrate embryos at this developmental stage. JF - Anatomy and embryology AU - Pauken, C M AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Bolon, B AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. cpauken@asu.edu Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 645 EP - 655 VL - 200 IS - 6 SN - 0340-2061, 0340-2061 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid KW - Teratogens KW - retinoic acid binding protein I, cellular KW - retinoic acid binding protein II, cellular KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Thorax -- abnormalities KW - Receptors, Retinoic Acid -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Limb Deformities, Congenital -- etiology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- embryology KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Neural Tube Defects -- etiology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Female KW - Brain -- abnormalities KW - Branchial Region -- abnormalities KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- metabolism KW - Branchial Region -- drug effects KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69349924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatomy+and+embryology&rft.atitle=Retinoic+acid+acts+during+peri-implantational+development+to+alter+axial+and+brain+formation.&rft.au=Pauken%2C+C+M%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B%3BBolon%2C+B&rft.aulast=Pauken&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anatomy+and+embryology&rft.issn=03402061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal deaths after hepatitis B vaccine: the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1991-1998. AN - 69343036; 10591306 AB - To evaluate reports of neonatal deaths (aged 0-28 days) after hepatitis B (HepB) immunization reported to the national Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Case series; review of autopsy reports. Voluntary reports submitted to VAERS, a passive surveillance system, from the US population. All US neonates (0-28 days of age) whose deaths after HepB vaccination given alone were reported to VAERS, occurring from January 1, 1991, through October 5, 1998. None (observational database). Of 1771 neonatal reports, there were 18 deaths in 8 boys and 9 girls (1 patient unclassified). The mean age at vaccination for these 18 cases was 12 days (range, 1-27 days); median time from vaccination to onset of symptoms was 2 days (range, 0-20 days); and median time from symptoms to death was 0 days (range, 0-15 days). The mean birth weight of the neonates (n = 15) was 3034 g (range, 1828-4678 g). The causes of death for the 17 autopsied cases were sudden infant death syndrome for 12, infection for 3, and 1 case each of intracerebral hemorrhage, accidental suffocation, and congenital heart disease. Few neonatal deaths following HepB vaccination have been reported, despite the use of at least 86 million doses of pediatric vaccine given in the United States since 1991. While the limitations of passive surveillance systems do not permit definitive inference, these data suggest that HepB immunization is not causing a clear increase in neonatal deaths. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Niu, M T AU - Salive, M E AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. niu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1279 EP - 1282 VL - 153 IS - 12 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Sudden Infant Death -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Sudden Infant Death -- etiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Infant Mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69343036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=Neonatal+deaths+after+hepatitis+B+vaccine%3A+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system%2C+1991-1998.&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BSalive%2C+M+E%3BEllenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hernia: is it a work-related condition? AN - 69284153; 10561684 AB - Development of hernias among active workers is a major occupational problem, however, the work-relatedness of hernias has not been well investigated. It is a difficult question for occupational and primary care physicians who must often address whether a worker with an inguinal hernia should be restricted from work requiring lifting of heavy objects. To evaluate the possible work-relatedness of inguinal hernias, a cross-sectional study was performed. The goal of the study was to determine hernia incidence according to occupation with the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses from the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1994. Hernia incidence rates (per 10,000 workers) for industry and occupation categories were calculated with the estimates of the number of hernias in males and the employed male workers from the Current Population Survey. Rate ratios (RR) of hernia incidence rates were calculated. In 1994, an estimated 30, 791 work-related hernias in males were reported by US private establishments. The occupation groups with the highest RR were laborers and handlers (RR, 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.14-2.80), machine operators (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.81-2.44), and mechanics and repairers (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.43-2.00). Rate ratios for hernias vary considerably within industries and occupations, with the highest ratios found in industries and occupations involving manual labor. This provides support for the hypothesis that the hernias are work-related, especially in work involving strenuous, heavy manual labor. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:638-644, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kang, S K AU - Burnett, C A AU - Freund, E AU - Sestito, J AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. skk2@unitel.co.kr Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 638 EP - 644 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Hernia, Inguinal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69284153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Hernia%3A+is+it+a+work-related+condition%3F&rft.au=Kang%2C+S+K%3BBurnett%2C+C+A%3BFreund%2C+E%3BSestito%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=638&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety framework for programmable electronics in mining AN - 17520445; 4707784 AB - Mining has one of the highest annual average fatality rates among major US industries. Health and safety dangers have been inherent to mining since the early days of picks and shovels. Even though miners' health and safety has improved over the years, mining is still one of the most dangerous occupations. Mining was traditionally a low tech industry. It is now driven by competitive pressures to go hightech by using programmable electronics (PE) for machine control, atmospheric monitoring and material processing. The industry's experience with the functional safety of PE is limited compared with other industries. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory in Pittsburgh, PA is addressing the safety of this new technology. NIOSH has a proactive project to generate recommendations for addressing the functional safety of PE-based mining systems before the technology proliferates. The recommendations take the form of a safety framework encompassing the entire life cycle for a PE-based mining system. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Sammarco, J J AD - US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 30 EP - 33 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Occupational safety KW - Mining KW - Technology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17520445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Safety+framework+for+programmable+electronics+in+mining&rft.au=Sammarco%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Sammarco&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Mining; Occupational safety; Mortality; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved seat reduces jarring/jolting for operators of low-coal shuttle cars AN - 17519512; 4707785 AB - The prolonged exposure of equipment operators to shock and whole-body vibration (WBV) is linked to cumulative back, neck and abdominal disorders. In low coal mines, space restrictions make it difficult for seat suspensions to isolate operators from shock and WBV. Researchers at NIOSH's Pittsburgh Research Laboratory are responding to these issues by investigating viscoelastic foams. For the full-load case, an ergonomic seat made with viscoelastic foams can isolate the shuttle-car operator from shock at 15 Hz. Researchers used results from additional foam testing using an analytical model to identify viscoelastic foams that provide shock isolation at a frequency below 5 Hz. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Mayton, A AU - Merkel, R AU - Gallagher, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 52 EP - 60 VL - 51 IS - 12 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - man-machine interactions KW - seating KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Vibration KW - Mining KW - Ergonomics KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17519512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Improved+seat+reduces+jarring%2Fjolting+for+operators+of+low-coal+shuttle+cars&rft.au=Mayton%2C+A%3BMerkel%2C+R%3BGallagher%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mayton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Vibration; Mining; Ergonomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Domains Present in the Mycobacterial Hemagglutinin, HBHA AN - 17513487; 4701612 AB - Identification and characterization of mycobacterial adhesins and complementary host receptors required for colonization and dissemination of mycobacteria in host tissues are needed for a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases caused by these bacteria and for the development of effective vaccines. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a 28-kDa heparin-binding mycobacterial surface protein, HBHA, can agglutinate erythrocytes and promote mycobacterial aggregation in vitro. In this study, further molecular and biochemical analysis of HBHA demonstrates that it has three functional domains: a transmembrane domain of 18 amino acids residing near the N terminus, a large domain of 81 amino acids consistent with an alpha -helical coiled-coil region, and a Lys-Pro-Ala-rich C-terminal domain that mediates binding to proteoglycans. Using His-tagged recombinant HBHA proteins and nickel chromatography we demonstrate that HBHA polypeptides which contain the coiled-coil region form multimers. This tendency to oligomerize may be responsible for the induction of mycobacterial aggregation since a truncated N-terminal HBHA fragment containing the coiled-coil domain promotes mycobacterial aggregation. Conversely, a truncated C-terminal HBHA fragment which contains Lys-Pro-Ala-rich repeats binds to the proteoglycan decorin. These results indicate that HBHA contains at least three distinct domains which facilitate intercalation into surface membranes, promote bacterium-bacterium interactions, and mediate the attachment to sulfated glycoconjugates found in host tissues. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Delogu, G AU - Brennan, MJ AD - CBER/FDA, 29 Lincoln Dr. (HFM-431), Bethesda, MD 20892, Brennan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 7464 EP - 7469 VL - 181 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - functional domains KW - HBHA protein KW - heparin-binding protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Protein structure KW - Mycobacterium KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Membrane proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Functional+Domains+Present+in+the+Mycobacterial+Hemagglutinin%2C+HBHA&rft.au=Delogu%2C+G%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Delogu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Membrane proteins; Protein structure; Hemagglutinins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promiscuous Origin of a Chimeric Sequence in the Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genome AN - 17513408; 4701627 AB - A novel sequence of 2.9 kb in the intergenic region between the mutS and rpoS genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and closely related strains replaces a sequence of 6.1 kb in E. coli K-12 strains. At the same locus in Shigella dysenteriae type 1, a sequence identical to that in O157:H7 is bounded by the IS1 insertion sequence element. Extensive polymorphism in the mutS-rpoS chromosomal region is indicative of horizontal transfer events. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Li, B AU - Payne, W L AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration, HFS-235, 200 C St., S.W. Washington, DC 20204, tac@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 7614 EP - 7617 VL - 181 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - genomes KW - insertion sequence IS1 KW - mutS gene KW - rpoS gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Horizontal transfer KW - Shigella dysenteriae KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17513408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Promiscuous+Origin+of+a+Chimeric+Sequence+in+the+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+Genome&rft.au=LeClerc%2C+JE%3BLi%2C+B%3BPayne%2C+W+L%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=LeClerc&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Shigella dysenteriae; Nucleotide sequence; Horizontal transfer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alaska's Model Program for Surveillance and Prevention of Occupational Injury Deaths AN - 17481508; 4675157 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established its Alaska Field Station in Anchorage in 1991 after identifying Alaska as the highest-risk state for traumatic worker fatalities. Since then, the Field Station, working in collaboration with other agencies, organizations, and individuals, has established a program for occupational injury surveillance in Alaska and formed interagency working groups to address the risk factors leading to occupational death and injury in the state. Collaborative efforts have contributed to reducing crash rates and mortality in Alaska's rapidly expanding helicopter logging industry and have played an important supportive role in the substantial progress made in reducing the mortality rate in Alaska's commercial fishing industry (historically Alaska's and America's most dangerous industry). Alaska experienced a 46% overall decline in work-related acute traumatic injury deaths from 1991 to 1998, a 64% decline in commercial fishing deaths, and a very sharp decline in helicopter logging-related deaths. Extending this regional approach to other parts of the country and applying these strategies to the entire spectrum of occupational injury and disease hazards could have a broad effect on reducing occupational injuries. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Husberg, B J AU - Manwaring, J C AU - Klatt, M L AU - Thomas, T K AD - NIOSH Alaska Field Station, 4230 University Drive, Suite 310, Anchorage AK 99508, USA, gocl@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 550 EP - 558 VL - 114 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - USA, Alaska KW - logging KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Marine KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - Brackish KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Freshwater KW - Commercial fishing KW - Accidents KW - PNW, USA, Alaska KW - Health and safety KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08565:Policy, legislation and sociology KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17481508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Alaska%27s+Model+Program+for+Surveillance+and+Prevention+of+Occupational+Injury+Deaths&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M%3BHusberg%2C+B+J%3BManwaring%2C+J+C%3BKlatt%2C+M+L%3BThomas%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Commercial fishing; Accidents; Injuries; Surveillance and enforcement; Health and safety; Mortality causes; Risk assessment; Occupational safety; PNW, USA, Alaska; INE, USA, Alaska; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Cancer Risk Estimates Are Reduced When Based on Relative Risk for Common Rodent Tumors AN - 17466153; 4669295 JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 283 EP - 284 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - man KW - rodents KW - rats KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17466153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Human+Cancer+Risk+Estimates+Are+Reduced+When+Based+on+Relative+Risk+for+Common+Rodent+Tumors&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Frtph.1999.1355 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Risk assessment; Tumors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1999.1355 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Assessment for Heart Disease and Workplace ETS Exposure among Nonsmokers AN - 17465372; 4670670 AB - In 1994 the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) published a study of risk assessment for heart disease and lung cancer resulting from workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among nonsmokers. This assessment is currently being revised. The present article considers different possible approaches to a risk assessment for heart disease among nonsmokers resulting from workplace ETS exposure, reviews the approach taken by OSHA in 1994, and suggests some modifications to that approach. Since 1994 the literature supporting an association between ETS exposure and heart disease among never smokers (sometimes including long-term former smokers) has been strengthened by new studies, including some studies that have specifically considered workplace exposure. A number of these studies are appropriate for inclusion in a meta-analysis, whereas a few may not be due to methodological problems or problems in exposure definition. A meta-analysis of eight relative risks (either rate ratios or odds ratios) for heart disease resulting from workplace ETS exposure, based on one reasonable selection of appropriate studies, yields a combined relative risk of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.41). This relative risk, which is similar to that used by OSHA in 1994, yields an excess risk of death from heart disease by age 70 of 7 per 1000 (95% CI 0.001-0.013) resulting from ETS exposure in the workplace. This excess risk exceeds OSHA's usual threshold for regulation of 1 per 1000. Approximately 1,710 excess ischemic heart disease deaths per year would expected among nonsmoking U.S. workers 35-69 years of age exposed to workplace ETS. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Steenland, K AD - MS R13, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, kns1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 859 EP - 863 VL - 107 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Cigarette smoke KW - Passive smoking KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Occupational exposure KW - Heart diseases KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17465372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+Assessment+for+Heart+Disease+and+Workplace+ETS+Exposure+among+Nonsmokers&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Passive smoking; Occupational exposure; Cardiovascular diseases; Cigarette smoke; Risk assessment; Heart diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality Patterns Among Electrical Workers Employed in the U.S. Construction Industry, 1982-1987 AN - 17441261; 4656981 AB - Background Studies of electrical workers in the utility and manufacturing industries have reported excess site-specific cancer. No previous studies of electrical workers in the construction industry have been conducted. Methods Our study evaluated the mortality patterns of 31,068 U.S. members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers who primarily worked in the construction industry and died 1982-1987. Results Comparison to the U.S. population by using the NIOSH life table showed significantly elevated proportionate mortality for many causes. Excess mortality for leukemia (proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) = 115) and brain tumors (PMR = 136) is similar to reports of electrical workers with occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields in the electric utility or manufacturing industry. Excess deaths due to melanoma skin cancer (PMR = 123) are consistent with findings of other PCB-exposed workers. A significantly elevated PMR was observed for the diseases caused by asbestos: lung cancer (PMR = 117), asbestosis (PMR = 247), and malignant mesothelioma (PMR = 356) and from fatal injuries, particularly electrocutions (PMR = 1180). The findings of statistically significant excess deaths for prostate cancer (PMR = 107), musculoskeletal disease (PMR = 130), suicide (PMR = 113), and disorders of the blood-forming organs (PMR = 141) were unexpected. Conclusion Results suggest that more detailed investigations of occupational risk factors and evaluation of preventive practices are needed to prevent excess mortality in this hazardous occupation. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Petersen, M AU - Palu, S AD - NIOSH, DSHEFS, Mail Stop R-44, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA, cpr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 630 EP - 637 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - electricians KW - melanoma KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Brain KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - Magnetic fields KW - Leukemia KW - Electric fields KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Construction industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17441261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+Patterns+Among+Electrical+Workers+Employed+in+the+U.S.+Construction+Industry%2C+1982-1987&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BPalu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199912%2936%3A63.0.CO%3B2-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Cancer; Mortality; Construction industry; Leukemia; Brain; Tumors; Risk assessment; Magnetic fields; Electric fields; Carcinogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199912)36:6<630::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adolescent Occupational Injuries in Fast Food Restaurants: An Examination of the Problem From a National Perspective AN - 17428770; 4647067 AB - Work injuries to adolescents are most prevalent in the retail trades industry, with a large portion occurring in eating and drinking establishments (E&DEs). Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were examined for nonfatal injuries to adolescents, ages 14 through 17, injured while working in fast food restaurants (a subcategory of E&DEs) from July 1, 1992, to June 30, 1994. There were an estimated 44,765 adolescent injuries in E&DEs, with an estimated 27,997 in fast food restaurants, during this period. The injury rate for E&DEs in the 15 through 17 age group was higher than for all other industries combined (rate ratio [RR] = 1.7), with little disparity in rates between the sexes. This study identifies the fast food industry as the source of a large proportion of occupational injuries to adolescents, and indicates that task-specific risk factors seem to be strongly related to sex. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Layne, LA AD - NIOSH/DSR/SFIB, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 1146 VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - fast food restaurants KW - restaurants KW - retail industry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Gender KW - Occupational safety KW - Adolescents KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Adolescent+Occupational+Injuries+in+Fast+Food+Restaurants%3A+An+Examination+of+the+Problem+From+a+National+Perspective&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+K+J%3BLayne%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Adolescents; Occupational safety; Gender ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction and regulation of Th1-inducing cytokines by bacterial DNA, lipopolysaccharide, and heat-inactivated bacteria AN - 17417451; 4640538 AB - Th1 immune responses, characterized by production of gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ), are associated with protective immunity to viruses and intracellular bacteria. Heat-killed Brucella abortus promotes secretion of Th1-inducing cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN- gamma and has been used as a carrier to induce Th1 responses to vaccines. To explore which bacterial constituents could mediate this response and how it is regulated, murine spleen cells were cultured with B. abortus derived DNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or whole killed organisms. Each constituent induced similar, substantial amounts of IL-10. However, only B. abortus and B. abortus DNA induced high levels of IFN- gamma and IL-12. B. abortus and B. abortus DNA-stimulated IL-12 production was maximal by 6 to 18 h, while IL-10 production steadily accumulated over this time period. These kinetics suggested that IL-10 may eventually downmodulate the Th1-like cytokine response to B. abortus and B. abortus DNA, which was confirmed by using neutralizing antibody. In the absence of IL-10, B. abortus LPS induced strong IFN- gamma responses, but IL-12 p70 levels were still undetectable from BALB/c spleen cells. LPS induced IL-12 if the spleen cells were primed with IFN- gamma and IL-10 was neutralized, indicating that LPS can stimulate IL-12 production under the most favorable conditions. Responses to Escherichia coli LPS and DNA mirrored the responses to B. abortus components, suggesting that immune effects observed with these constituents may be generalizable to many microbial species. In vivo experiments demonstrated the same hierarchy of responses for IL-12 production. These findings support the likelihood that microbial components, if used as carriers or adjuvants, can differ substantially in their ability to effect a Th1 response. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Huang, L-Y AU - Krieg, A M AU - Eller, N AU - Scott, DE AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 232, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, scottd@cher.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 6257 EP - 6263 VL - 67 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - immunology KW - Brucella abortus KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - gamma -Interferon KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - g-Interferon KW - Helper cells KW - Interleukin 10 KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - ^g-Interferon KW - DNA KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Escherichia coli KW - Cytokines KW - Heat inactivation KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17417451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Induction+and+regulation+of+Th1-inducing+cytokines+by+bacterial+DNA%2C+lipopolysaccharide%2C+and+heat-inactivated+bacteria&rft.au=Huang%2C+L-Y%3BKrieg%2C+A+M%3BEller%2C+N%3BScott%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L-Y&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Escherichia coli; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells; Heat inactivation; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 12; Immune response (cell-mediated); Cytokines; ^g-Interferon; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of bleomycin-induced Hprt mutant frequency in female and male rats by calorie restriction. AN - 69370290; 10592326 AB - Calorie restriction modulates spontaneous and chemically induced tumors and increases maximal life span in experimental animals; however, the mechanism by which calorie restriction exerts its ameliorating effects is not fully elucidated, although reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by calorie restriction has generated much interest. In the present study, we have determined whether or not calorie restriction would affect the mutagenic response in rats treated with bleomycin (BLM) a radiomimetic drug that is associated with DNA damage by a free radical mechanism. Fourteen weeks after weaning, the rats were divided into two groups; ad libitum (AL)-fed and 40% calorie restriction. Both AL and calorie-restricted animals were injected with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg BLM/kg, or with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and they were killed 4 weeks post drug treatment. Lymphocytes from the spleens were seeded in 96-well microtiter plates to determine mutant frequency in the hypoxantine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) gene. The mutant frequency in the BLM-treated rats was higher in AL males (P=0.001), and AL females (P=0.0174) than in their calorie-restricted counterparts. The difference in mutagenic response relative to AL males and AL females appeared unrelated to a low percent cloning efficiency seen in the males, since the mean absolute number of Hprt mutant clones was higher in the AL males compared to the females. A reduction in animal weight by calorie restriction was significant in both sexes (P<0.001), but the dose effect appeared non-significant. The results indicate that calorie intake of 60% reduced the mutagenic response of BLM, a compound known to induce oxidative DNA damage, and suggest a possible decrease in ROS as a function of calorie restriction. JF - Mutation research AU - Aidoo, A AU - Desai, V G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Chen, J J AU - Feuers, R J AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. aaidoo@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 29 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 430 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 0 KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Sex Factors KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Mutagenesis -- genetics KW - Energy Intake -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69370290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+bleomycin-induced+Hprt+mutant+frequency+in+female+and+male+rats+by+calorie+restriction.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BDesai%2C+V+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-29&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of welding fume solubility on lung macrophage viability and function in vitro. AN - 69326070; 10580758 AB - It was shown previously that fumes generated from stainless steel (SS) welding induced more pneumotoxicity and were cleared from the lungs at a slower rate than fumes collected from mild steel (MS) welding. These differences in response may be attributed to the metal composition of SS and MS welding fumes. In this study, fumes with vastly different metal profiles were collected during gas metal arc (GMA) or flux-covered manual metal arc (MMA) welding using two different consumable electrodes, SS or MS. The collected samples were suspended in saline, incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C, and centrifuged. The supernatant (soluble components) and pellets (insoluble particulates) were separated, and their effects on lung macrophage viability and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by macrophages were examined in vitro. The soluble MMA-SS sample was shown to be the most cytotoxic to macrophages and to have the greatest effect on their function as compared to the GMA-SS and GMA-MS fumes. Neither the soluble nor insoluble forms of the GMA-MS sample had any marked effect on macrophage viability. The flux-covered MMA-SS fume was found to be much more water soluble as compared to either the GMA-SS or the GMA-MS fumes. The soluble fraction of the MMA-SS samples was comprised almost entirely of Cr. The small fraction of the GMA-MS sample that was soluble contained Mn with little Fe, while a more complex mixture was observed in the soluble portion of the GMA-SS sample, which contained Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Cu. Data show that differences in the solubility of welding fumes influence the viability and ROS production of macrophages. The presence of soluble metals, such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Mn, and the complexes formed by these different metals are likely important in the pulmonary responses observed after welding fume exposure. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Antonini, J M AU - Lawryk, N J AU - Murthy, G G AU - Brain, J D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 26 SP - 343 EP - 363 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Chelating Agents KW - Metals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Smoke KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Solubility KW - Stainless Steel -- toxicity KW - Particle Size KW - Stainless Steel -- chemistry KW - Rats KW - Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Male KW - Steel -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- chemistry KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Steel -- toxicity KW - Welding KW - Metals -- chemistry KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- cytology KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69326070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effect+of+welding+fume+solubility+on+lung+macrophage+viability+and+function+in+vitro.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BLawryk%2C+N+J%3BMurthy%2C+G+G%3BBrain%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-26&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-step purification and partial characterization of a variant of the Vibrio cholerae non-O1 hemolysin AN - 17400924; 4632154 AB - A two-step purification method using ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration was developed for the purification of a variant of the El Tor hemolysin/cytolysin from supernatant fluids of a Vibrio cholerae non-O1 human isolate (strain 2194c). The toxin displayed delayed elution from a Sephacryl gel filtration column, eluting at between two and three column volumes. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the purified 2194c toxin were 60 kDa and 5.3, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was ASPAPANSETNTLPHVAFYI. Purified toxin was cytolytic for Chinese hamster ovary cells and erythrocytes from several animal species. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - McCardell, BA AD - Division of Virulence Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA Washington, DC USA Y1 - 1999/11/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 15 SP - 177 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier VL - 180 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - purification KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Cholera KW - Hemolysins KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Two-step+purification+and+partial+characterization+of+a+variant+of+the+Vibrio+cholerae+non-O1+hemolysin&rft.au=McCardell%2C+BA&rft.aulast=McCardell&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1999-11-15&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2899%2900479-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; Cholera; Hemolysins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00479-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), carbon black, and silica on macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide: evidence of DEP suppression of macrophage activity. AN - 69355869; 10598952 AB - The effects of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure on alveolar macrophage (AM) response to ex vivo and in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were determined by monitoring LPS-stimulated production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The roles of the insoluble particulate and the organic compounds of DEP in altering pulmonary responses were evaluated by comparing the DEP-induced pulmonary responses to those of carbon black (CB), a carbonaceous particle with few adsorbed organic compounds, or to silica, a known pneumotoxic dust. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a single intratracheal dose (5 or 35 mg/kg body weight) of DEP, CB, or silica, or to saline vehicle. Rats were sacrificed 1, 3, or 7 d postexposure. To study the responsiveness to the bacterial product LPS, AM isolated from particle-exposed rats were challenged ex vivo with LPS (0.1 microg/10(6) AM) and LPS-stimulated cytokine release was monitored. In addition, rats were exposed intratracheally to a single dose of DEP (5 mg/kg) and 3 d later exposed in vivo to 1 mg/kg LPS for 3 h prior to measurement of cytokine production by AM. DEP exposure resulted in neutrophil infiltration and elevated levels of albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; these responses were not substantially different from those elicited by CB or silica exposure. AM from DEP-exposed rats showed increased spontaneous production of IL-1, but not TNF-alpha, while the opposite was true for CB or silica. Upon ex vivo challenge with LPS, AM from DEP-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in the secretion of TNF-alpha and, to a lesser extent, IL-1, compared to the sum of the DEP and LPS effects. In contrast, AM from CB- or silica-exposed rats did not show this decreased responsiveness to subsequent LPS challenge. This inhibitory action of DEP on LPS-stimulated AM production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha was further confirmed by the results obtained from rats exposed to both DEP and LPS in vivo. In summary, these results indicate that while DEP, CB, and silica all induce pulmonary inflammatory responses due to particle stimulation, only DEP suppress AM cytokine release in response to LPS stimulation. The contrasting cellular response with respect to DEP and CB exposures may be due to the presence of adsorbed organic compounds on DEP, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of hosts to pulmonary infections after DEP exposure. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Yang, H M AU - Barger, M W AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J K AU - Yang, J J AU - Ma, J Y AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 12 SP - 261 EP - 278 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Depression, Chemical KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Carbon -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69355869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diesel+exhaust+particles+%28DEP%29%2C+carbon+black%2C+and+silica+on+macrophage+responses+to+lipopolysaccharide%3A+evidence+of+DEP+suppression+of+macrophage+activity.&rft.au=Yang%2C+H+M%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+K%3BYang%2C+J+J%3BMa%2C+J+Y&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of neonatal tolerance by a plasmid encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor AN - 17429060; 4644816 AB - A plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein of malaria (pCSP) induces protective immunity in adult mice but persistent tolerance when administered to neonates. In an effort to improve antigen presenting cell (APC) function in newborns, we co-administered pCSP with a plasmid encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (pGMCSF). This combination of plasmids prevented the development of neonatal tolerance, instead eliciting a primary IgG anti-CSP immune response. Mice primed as neonates and boosted as adults mounted anamnestic responses characterized by high serum antibody titers, cytotoxic T-cell activity and antigen-specific interferon gamma (IFN gamma ) production. Neonatal administration of pGMCSF accelerated the maturation of local dendritic cells, suggesting that APC function plays a key role in determining whether tolerance or immunity results from neonatal exposure to antigen. JF - Vaccine AU - Ishii, K J AU - Weiss, W R AU - Klinman, D M AD - Retroviral Immunology Section, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 29A Room 3 D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, klinman@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 12 SP - 703 EP - 710 VL - 18 IS - 7-8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - mice KW - immunology KW - DNA vaccines KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - g-Interferon KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Antigen-presenting cells KW - Vaccines KW - Plasmids KW - granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+neonatal+tolerance+by+a+plasmid+encoding+granulocyte-macrophage+colony+stimulating+factor&rft.au=Ishii%2C+K+J%3BWeiss%2C+W+R%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ishii&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Vaccines; Antigen-presenting cells; Lymphocytes T ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Developing Chick Embryos after Exposure to 60-Hertz Magnetic Fields AN - 17388478; 4614461 AB - Fertilized white leghorn eggs were exposed to a 4 micro-Tesla ( mu T) 60 Hz horizontal magnetic field for 15, 18, 23 and 28 h. After exposure to the magnetic field, the embryos were isolated and assayed for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. ODC activity in magnetic field-exposed embryos was compared to ODC activity in sham-exposed embryos. ODC activity in magnetic field-exposed embryos was not statistically elevated above sham-exposed embryos. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Desta, AB AU - Owen, R D AU - Cress, L W AD - FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-114), 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850., lwc@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 11 SP - 211 EP - 213 PB - Academic Press VL - 265 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - chick embryos KW - enzymatic activity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Magnetic fields KW - Ornithine decarboxylase KW - Embryos KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17388478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Ornithine+Decarboxylase+Activity+in+Developing+Chick+Embryos+after+Exposure+to+60-Hertz+Magnetic+Fields&rft.au=Desta%2C+AB%3BOwen%2C+R+D%3BCress%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Desta&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1999-11-11&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbbrc.1999.1653 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic fields; Ornithine decarboxylase; Embryos DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1653 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of perceived traumatic injury hazards during drywall hanging AN - 17443710; 4654334 AB - Workers who handle massive and bulky drywall sheets are at a high risk of traumatic injuries. The objective of this study is to identify the drywall handling tasks and activities which are directly perceived as hazardous by workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the study. In the questionnaire, three hanging tasks were included: (1) hanging drywall on the ceiling; (2) hanging drywall on the upper half of the wall; and (3) hanging drywall on the lower half of the wall. Each of the three tasks was divided into 10 to 12 constituent activities. Supportive elevated equipment was also evaluated. Workers were instructed to rate the drywall-hanging tasks/activities and elevated equipment in regard to fall potential, perceived physical stress, and risk of being struck by or against objects, using a seven-point scale (1 = hardly at all to 7 = a great deal). Results from this study indicate that all the ratings of fall potential, perceived physical stress, and risk of being struck by or against objects while hanging drywall on the ceiling were greater than while performing the other two tasks. Activities involving lifting/carrying/holding drywall sheets were rated as most physically stressful. Workers perceived greatest physical stress and fall potential when wearing stilts as compared to using ladders or scaffolds. The findings of this study provide detailed information directly from the workers about the hazards associated with drywall hanging. Results from this study will assist in focusing future research efforts on the most hazardous tasks and activities of drywall hanging. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S S AU - Hsiao, H AU - Wassell, J T AU - Keane, PR AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/11/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 03 SP - 29 EP - 37 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - drywall hanging KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+perceived+traumatic+injury+hazards+during+drywall+hanging&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S+S%3BHsiao%2C+H%3BWassell%2C+J+T%3BKeane%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0169-8141%2898%2900075-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Construction industry; Injuries; Materials handling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(98)00075-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time delay spectrometry for hydrophone calibrations below 1 MHz. AN - 85307023; pmid-10573913 AB - Knowing the response of miniature ultrasonic hydrophones at frequencies below 1 MHz is important for assessing the accuracy of acoustic pressure pulse measurements in medical ultrasound applications. Therefore, a time delay spectrometry (TDS) system was developed as an efficient means to measure hydrophone sensitivity in this frequency range. In TDS a swept-frequency signal is transmitted. A tracking receiver distinguishes arrivals with different propagation delays by their frequency offset relative to the signal being transmitted, thus eliminating spurious signals such as those reflected from the water surface or tank walls. Two piezoelectric ceramic source transducers were used: a standard planar disk and a disk with varying thickness to broaden the thickness-resonance. This latter design was preferred for its more uniform response without significant sensitivity loss. TDS is not an absolute method, but it was demonstrated to provide efficient, accurate calibrations via comparison with a reference hydrophone using a substitution technique. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Gammell, P M AU - Harris, G R AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. pmg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - L41 EP - L46 VL - 106 IS - 5 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Calibration KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Transducers KW - Ultrasonics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85307023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genetic+toxicology%3A+Impact+on+the+next+generation+of+toxicology&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+BA%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal occupational injuries associated with forklifts, United States, 1980-1994. AN - 85255113; pmid-10506732 AB - BACKGROUND: This paper describes deaths of American workers involving forklifts during the 15-year period from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 1994. METHODS: Death certificate data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH's) National Traumatic Occupational Fatality (NTOF) surveillance system. The narrative fields on the death certificate were searched for keywords indicating that a powered industrial vehicle (PIV) or forklift was involved in the death. This study examined the circumstances of the forklift-related deaths, the nature of the injury, and the decedent's age, gender, race, occupation, and industry. Average annual employment data from the Bureau of the Census were used to calculate civilian fatality rates by age, gender, industry, and occupation. RESULTS: A total of 1,021 deaths were identified. The average age of the fatally injured worker was 38 years; the 1,021 forklift-related deaths resulted in a total of 27,505 years of productive life lost. The three most common circumstances of the fatalities were forklift overturns (22%), pedestrian struck by forklifts (20%), and worker crushed by forklift (16%). The greatest proportion of the fatalities (37%) occurred to workers in Manufacturing, followed by Transportation, Communication, and Public Utilities, (TCPU), (17%), Construction (16%), Wholesale Trade (8%), and Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) (7%). The highest forklift-related fatality rates per ten million workers occurred among transport operatives (34.0) and laborers (32.0). CONCLUSIONS: Many of the fatalities resulting from forklift "overturns" might have been prevented if the operator had been restrained with a lap/shoulder belt. Careful consideration should be given to separating pedestrian and forklift traffic, and restricting the use of forklifts near time clocks, exits, and other areas where large numbers of pedestrians pass through an area in a short time. Additionally, systematic traffic control, including rules for pedestrian and forklift traffic, will be necessary to reduce the enormous injury and death toll associated with forklifts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:504-512, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Landen, D D AU - Kisner, S M AU - Johnston, J J AU - Chin, S F AU - Kennedy, R D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 504 EP - 512 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - United States KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Human KW - Safety KW - Wounds and Injuries KW - Aged KW - Value of Life KW - Employment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Racial Stocks KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Middle Age KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Adolescent KW - Occupations KW - Seat Belts KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Male KW - Female KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85255113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+occupational+injuries+associated+with+forklifts%2C+United+States%2C+1980-1994.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BChin%2C+S+F%3BKennedy%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Sciacchitano&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries related to forklifts and other powered industrial vehicles in automobile manufacturing. AN - 70789339; 10506733 AB - The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, estimates that approximately 100 workers are fatally injured each year in forklift and other powered industrial vehicle (PIV) incidents, and an estimated 34,000 work-related injuries involving forklifts are treated in U.S. emergency rooms each year. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of 916 incidents involving forklifts and other PIVs that occurred in 54 plants operated by a major U.S. automobile manufacturer over a 3-year period. The injury data were obtained from a company-wide occupational injury and illness surveillance system which was implemented in 1989. The 916 PIV-related incidents resulted in 3 fatalities and 913 nonfatal injuries. The most common incident involved pedestrians (35%) who were struck by a PIV, or the load being carried by a PIV, or a rack or bin that had been struck by a PIV. Of the 913 nonfatal injuries, 41% resulted in an employee missing work and incurred a total of 22,730 lost workdays, an average of 61 days per lost workday incident. Recommendations are presented to reduce the risk of injury, for example by separating PIV and pedestrian traffic, restricting the use of forklifts in an area where a large number of pedestrians travel and improving the training of all personnel who drive PIVs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:513-521, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Smith, G S AU - Baker, S P AU - Warner, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 513 EP - 521 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Education KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Absenteeism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Automobiles KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70789339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+criteria+for+determining+comparability+of+%22well-characterized%22+proteins.&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of forklift and other powered industrial vehicle incidents. AN - 70782696; 10506734 AB - This study examined risk factors associated with forklift and other powered industrial vehicle (PIV) collision injuries with an emphasis on the design of factory traffic systems, the loading and safety features of PIVs, and the characteristics of the drivers. A case-control study examined risk factors for circumstances of injury-producing PIV incidents at eight automotive manufacturing plants between July 1992 and March 1995. A computerized safety and health surveillance system identified 171 incidents where a PIV (forklift 70%, personnel carriers 15%, other 15%) was involved in a collision incident. Site visits were conducted to collect data regarding the factory environment at the collision site, the PIVs involved in the incidents, and driver characteristics. These data were compared with information collected from a random sample of comparison worksites, PIVs, and PIV drivers who had not been involved in a PIV-related incident in the prior 3 years. In half of the cases (86 of 171), an employee (pedestrian) was struck by a PIV or an object being carried by the PIV. The presence of an obstruction that restricted the aisle width increased the odds of a collision incident 1.89 times (95% CI=1.22, 2.86). The presence of overhead mirrors at intersections and blind corners with limited visibility reduced the odds of a PIV collision incident by a third (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.16, 0.68). When carrying a load, the odds of a PIV being involved in a collision was 1.58 (95% CI=1.03, 2.41) times greater than an unloaded one. Changes in the factory environment, vehicle safety features, and driver and pedestrian training are suggested to reduce the risk of PIV incidents. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:522-531, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Smith, G S AU - Baker, S P AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Warner, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. joc4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 522 EP - 531 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Equipment Safety KW - Workplace KW - Population Surveillance KW - Education KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Automobiles KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70782696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+forklift+and+other+powered+industrial+vehicle+incidents.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BSmith%2C+G+S%3BBaker%2C+S+P%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BWarner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary arsenic intakes in the United States: FDA Total Diet Study, September 1991-December 1996. AN - 69464273; 10755138 AB - The FDA has conducted the Total Dietary Study (TDS), a yearly market basket programme, since 1961. It is designed to monitor the levels of toxic chemical contaminants (pesticide residues, industrial and elemental contaminants) and essential nutrients in the US food supply. It also provides information on trends in dietary concentrations and exposures for the general population. Foods are collected from retail stores once a year from each of four geographic areas of the US and are analysed either after preparation/cooking or as ready-to-eat. The latest TDS (1991-1997) data show that arsenic (inorganic and organic, > or = 0.03 ppm) was found in 63 (24%) of the 261-264 foods/mixed dishes analysed. The highest concentration was found in seafood, followed by rice/rice cereal, mushrooms, and poultry. Based on the United States Department of Agriculture's 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, the estimated daily total arsenic average intakes, in microgram/day, are: 2 for infants, 23 for toddlers, 20 for 6-year-old children, 13 for 10-year-old children, 15 for 14-16-year-old boys, 21 for 14-16-year-old girls, 57 for 25-30-year-old men, 28 for 25-30-year-old women, 47 for 40-45-year-old men, 37 for 40-45-year-old women, 92 for 60-65-year-old men, 72 for 60-65-year-old women, 69 for 70-year-old men, and 42 for 70-year-old women. Of the estimated total arsenic intakes for infants, 42% arise from seafood and 31% from rice/rice cereals. Of the estimated total arsenic intakes, seafood contributes 76-90% for children (2-10-year olds), 79-85% for 14-16-year olds, and 89-96% for adults (> or = 25-30-year olds); rice/rice cereals contributes 4-8% for children, 8% for 14-16-year olds, and 1-4% for adults (> or = 25-30-year olds). JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Tao, S S AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. stao@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 465 EP - 472 VL - 16 IS - 11 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Oryza -- chemistry KW - Diet Surveys KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food Contamination KW - Diet KW - Arsenic -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69464273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Dietary+arsenic+intakes+in+the+United+States%3A+FDA+Total+Diet+Study%2C+September+1991-December+1996.&rft.au=Tao%2C+S+S%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 69436528; 10682936 AB - Malachite green, an N-methylated diaminotriphenylmethane dye, has been widely used as an antifungal agent in commercial fish hatcheries. Malachite green is reduced to and persists as leucomalachite green in the tissues of fish. Female and male B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were fed up to 1200 ppm malachite green or 1160 ppm leucomalachite green for 28 days to determine the toxicity and metabolism of the dyes. Apoptosis in the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder occurred in all mice fed the highest dose of leucomalachite green. This was not observed with malachite green. Hepatocyte vacuolization was present in rats administered malachite green or leucomalachite green. Rats given leucomalachite green also had apoptotic thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Decreased T4 and increased TSH levels were observed in male rats given leucomalachite green. A comparison of adverse effects suggests that exposure of rats or mice to leucomalachite green causes a greater number of and more severe changes than exposure to malachite green. N-Demethylated and N-oxidized malachite green and leucomalachite green metabolites, including primary arylamines, were detected by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the livers of treated rats. 32P-Postlabeling analyses indicated a single adduct or co-eluting adducts in the liver DNA. These data suggest that malachite green and leucomalachite green are metabolized to primary and secondary arylamines in the tissues of rodents and that these derivatives, following subsequent activation, may be responsible for the adverse effects associated with exposure to malachite green. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Culp, S J AU - Blankenship, L R AU - Kusewitt, D F AU - Doerge, D R AU - Mulligan, L T AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sculp@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 01 SP - 153 EP - 170 VL - 122 IS - 3 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Thyrotropin KW - 9002-71-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urinary Bladder -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Apoptosis KW - Vacuoles -- pathology KW - Thyrotropin -- blood KW - Thyroid Gland -- pathology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Vacuoles -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- toxicity KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Aniline Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69436528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Rhabdomyolysis+in+human+immunodeficiency+virus--positive+patients+taking+trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.&rft.au=Singer%2C+S+J%3BRacoosin%2C+J+A%3BViraraghavan%2C+R&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's 1997 priority list of hazardous substances. Latent effects--carcinogenesis, neurotoxicology, and developmental deficits in humans and animals. AN - 69434206; 10677885 AB - In support of Superfund re-authorization legislation, the Division of Toxicology of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a chemical-specific consultation document for Congress that identified those chemicals with carcinogenic, neurological, or developmental adverse effects having a latency period longer than 6 years. The review was limited to the top 50 substances listed on ATSDR's 1997 Priority List of Hazardous Substances (Priority List). Among the top 50 chemicals, a review of the technical literature indicated that 38 (76%) were classified as "reasonably anticipated," "possibly," or "probably" capable of causing cancer in humans, based either on human and animal data. Eight chemicals (16%) had well-established cancer latency periods in humans of 6 years or more following exposure. Three substances (6%)--arsenic, creosote, and benzidine--had data indicating latency periods longer than 6 years. The technical literature review likewise confirmed the potential for neurological and developmental effects with a latency of 6 years. Twenty-seven (54%) of the top 50 substances caused acute and/or chronic neurotoxic effects; a number of these also caused neurological effects that persisted beyond 6 years (or the equivalent in animal studies) such as: behavioral problems, neurological deficiencies, reduced psychomotor development, cognitive deficiencies, and reduced IQ. Twenty-eight substances (56%) caused adverse developmental effects in offspring of exposed individuals or animals including increased fetal and infant mortality, decreased birth weights and litter sizes, and growth delays. Latency periods for related chemicals are expected to be similar due to structural and toxicological similarities. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Ostrowski, S R AU - Wilbur, S AU - Chou, C H AU - Pohl, H R AU - Stevens, Y W AU - Allred, P M AU - Roney, N AU - Fay, M AU - Tylenda, C A AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Sro1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 602 EP - 644 VL - 15 IS - 7 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Neurotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Developmental Disabilities -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Registries KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Neurotoxins -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69434206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%27s+1997+priority+list+of+hazardous+substances.+Latent+effects--carcinogenesis%2C+neurotoxicology%2C+and+developmental+deficits+in+humans+and+animals.&rft.au=Ostrowski%2C+S+R%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BChou%2C+C+H%3BPohl%2C+H+R%3BStevens%2C+Y+W%3BAllred%2C+P+M%3BRoney%2C+N%3BFay%2C+M%3BTylenda%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Ostrowski&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse bioassay and characterization of ras mutations in liver tumors from treated mice. AN - 69423103; 10656603 AB - The nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) 1-, 2-, and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene, 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene, 9-nitrodibenz[a,c]anthracene, and two of the parent PAHs fluoranthene and dibenz[a,c]anthracene were tested for tumorigenicity in the neonatal male B6C3F1 mouse. 6-Nitrochrysene was used as a positive control. Mice were administered three intraperitoneal injections of test agent (400 nmol total) on 1, 8, and 15 days after birth and evaluated for liver and lung tumors at 12 months of age. 2-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene and 6-nitrochrysene induced a high incidence of liver tumors (91-100%), while the remaining test compounds did not induce tumors at a rate significantly higher than the solvent control. 6-Nitrochrysene was the only test agent to produce a significant increase in the frequency of lung tumors. K- and H-ras mutations were analyzed in liver tumors of treated mice and mainly occurred at the first base of K-ras codon 13, resulting in GGC --> CGC transversion. Since most of the tested nitro-PAHs are mutagens in vitro, the results of this study indicate that the in vitro mutagenicity of these compounds does not correlate with their tumorigenicity in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse bioassay. Also, the results indicate that liver tumors from mice treated with nitro-PAHs possess ras mutations typical of PAHs and their derivatives. JF - Cancer letters AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Xia, Q AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Bucci, T J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 01 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 146 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Genes, ras KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69423103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+genomic+instability+in+lung+cancer+tissues+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis.&rft.au=Ong%2C+T+M%3BSong%2C+B%3BQian%2C+H+W%3BWu%2C+Z+L%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of magnetic field exposures for a mortality study at a uranium enrichment plant. AN - 69404403; 10635549 AB - A survey of workplace exposures to 60-Hz magnetic fields was carried out at a large uranium enrichment facility to assign exposures for an updated mortality study. Stratified random selection was used to choose workers for measurement in all jobs and areas, to determine whether consistent distinctions could be made between job groups based on average magnetic field exposures. A total of 252 workdays was measured with a personal monitor, and individual average magnetic field exposures ranged from 0.20 to 82.6 mG. A priori job groups showed significant differences between geometric mean exposures, which ranged from 0.80 to 3.51 mG. Most of these groups showed widely ranging exposures, so they were subdivided based on location and job title to improve the precision of the exposure assignments for the mortality study. These final assignments were made up of 26 groups having arithmetic means ranging from 0.43 to 24.9 mG, with most groups defined by location in addition to job title. In general, electrical maintenance workers did not have elevated magnetic field exposures (> 3 mG), but the exposures of the electricians in switchyard (substation) jobs were elevated. Available employment records did not allow most electricians to be distinguished based on location, so they were assigned exposures based on their plantwide average (above 7 mG). An estimated 9% of the work time of this cohort was spent at daily average exposures above 3 mG, despite the very large electric power consumption at this plant. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Wenzl, T B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 818 EP - 824 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Film Dosimetry KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Uranium -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Metallurgy KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69404403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+magnetic+field+exposures+for+a+mortality+study+at+a+uranium+enrichment+plant.&rft.au=Wenzl%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Wenzl&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of leakage from a metal machining center using tracer gas methods: a case study. AN - 69398759; 10635544 AB - To evaluate the efficacy of engineering controls in reducing worker exposure to metalworking fluids, an evaluation of an enclosure for a machining center during face milling was performed. The enclosure was built around a vertical metal machining center with an attached ventilation system consisting of a 25-cm diameter duct, a fan, and an air-cleaning filter. The evaluation method included using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas to determine the ventilation system's flow rate and capture efficiency, a respirable aerosol monitor (RAM) to identify aerosol leak locations around the enclosure, and smoke tubes and a velometer to evaluate air movement around the outside of the enclosure. Results of the tracer gas evaluation indicated that the control system was approximately 98% efficient at capturing tracer gas released near the spindle of the machining center. This result was not significantly different from 100% efficiency (p = 0.2). The measured SF6 concentration when released directly into the duct had a relative standard deviation of 2.2%; whereas, when releasing SF6 at the spindle, the concentration had a significantly higher relative standard deviation of 7.8% (p = 0.016). This increased variability could be due to a cyclic leakage at a small gap between the upper and lower portion of the enclosure or due to cyclic stagnation. Leakage also was observed with smoke tubes, a velometer, and an aerosol photometer. The tool and fluid motion combined to induce a periodic airflow in and out of the enclosure. These results suggest that tracer gas methods could be used to evaluate enclosure efficiency. However, smoke tubes and aerosol instrumentation such as optical particle counters or aerosol photometers also need to be used to locate leakage from enclosures. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Earnest, G S AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Mead, K R AU - D'Arcy, J B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 785 EP - 788 VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Sulfur Hexafluoride KW - WS7LR3I1D6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sulfur Hexafluoride -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Metallurgy KW - Ventilation -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69398759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+leakage+from+a+metal+machining+center+using+tracer+gas+methods%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BEarnest%2C+G+S%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BMead%2C+K+R%3BD%27Arcy%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth curves and survival characteristics of the animals used in the Biomarkers of Aging Program. AN - 69384488; 10619312 AB - The collaborative Interagency Agreement between the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) was aimed at identifying and validating a panel of biomarkers of aging in rodents in order to rapidly test the efficacy and safety of interventions designed to slow aging. Another aim was to provide a basis for developing biomarkers of aging in humans, using the assumption that biomarkers that were useful across different genotypes and species were sensitive to fundamental processes that would extrapolate to humans. Caloric restriction (CR), the only intervention that consistently extends both mean and maximal life span in a variety of species, was used to provide a model with extended life span. C57BI/6NNia, DBA/2JNia, B6D2F1, and B6C3F1 mice and Brown Norway (BN/RijNia), Fischer (F344/NNia) and Fischer x Brown Norway hybrid (F344 x BN F1) rats were bred and maintained on study. NCTR generated data from over 60,000 individually housed animals of the seven different genotypes and both sexes, approximately half ad libitum (AL) fed, the remainder CR. Approximately half the animals were shipped to offsite NIA investigators internationally, with the majority of the remainder maintained at NCTR until they died. The collaboration supplied a choice of healthy, long-lived rodent models to investigators, while allowing for the development of some of the most definitive information on life span, food consumption, and growth characteristics in these genotypes under diverse feeding paradigms. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Turturro, A AU - Witt, W W AU - Lewis, S AU - Hass, B S AU - Lipman, R D AU - Hart, R W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. aturturro@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - B492 EP - B501 VL - 54 IS - 11 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Aging KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Growth KW - Longevity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69384488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Growth+curves+and+survival+characteristics+of+the+animals+used+in+the+Biomarkers+of+Aging+Program.&rft.au=Turturro%2C+A%3BWitt%2C+W+W%3BLewis%2C+S%3BHass%2C+B+S%3BLipman%2C+R+D%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=B492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biphasic effects of octylphenol on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats. AN - 69375792; 10613393 AB - The present studies evaluated the suitability of using cultured dispersed testicular cells from neonatal rats as a source for fetal Leydig cells and the use of these cells to examine direct toxic effects of environmental/occupational chemicals on androgen biosynthesis. For the current studies, the direct actions of octylphenol (OP), a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of various detergents, on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured rat neonatal Leydig cells were examined. Octylphenol is considered a xenoestrogen and has been reported to mimic the actions of estrogen in many cellular systems. Following exposure of cultured cells for 24 h to varying concentrations of OP (1 to 2000 nM) together with 10 mlU/mL human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the lower concentrations of OP (1 and 10 nM) consistently enhanced testosterone levels (approximately 10 to 70% above control), whereas higher OP concentrations (100 to 2000 nM) progressively decreased testosterone from peak levels to approximately 40 to 80% below control at the highest OP concentration. Interestingly, increasing concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (1 to 1000 nM) were without effect on testosterone biosynthesis under the same conditions, and the biphasic pattern of testosterone biosynthesis elicited by increasing OP concentrations was unaffected by concomitant treatment with 10 or 100 nM ICI 182,780, which is considered a pure estrogen antagonist. Therefore, the actions of OP on testosterone biosynthesis by cultured neonatal Leydig cells do not appear to be mediated through the classic estrogen receptor alpha or beta pathway. Although the increase in testosterone levels after exposure to lower OP concentrations and to 0.1 and 1.0 mM 8-Br-cAMP was attenuated, suggesting that lower OP concentrations may alter cellular cAMP levels, because hCG-stimulated cAMP levels were unaffected by any of the OP concentrations evaluated, it appears that its main site(s) of action occurs after the generation of cAMP. In addition, because pretreatment of cells with increasing OP concentrations and hCG had no effect on the conversion of steroid precursors (22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, or androstenedione) to testosterone, it seems that the main actions of OP under the present conditions occur before the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage step. Furthermore, because concomitant treatment of cells with various antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, or ascorbic acid) did not alter the biphasic pattern of testosterone response to increasing concentrations of OP and hCG, it seems that OP is not acting as an anti- or pro-oxidant in producing these effects. It will be important to determine whether this dose-sensitive response to OP is observed in vivo, and whether the maturational status of Leydig cells influences their pattern of response to OP and similar chemicals. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Murono, E P AU - Derk, R C AU - de León, J H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. EEM8@CDC.GOV PY - 1999 SP - 451 EP - 462 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 4-octylphenol KW - 7DF2B8LH3P KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Binding Sites KW - Rats KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- metabolism KW - Estradiol -- toxicity KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Leydig Cells -- metabolism KW - Leydig Cells -- enzymology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Testosterone -- biosynthesis KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69375792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Biphasic+effects+of+octylphenol+on+testosterone+biosynthesis+by+cultured+Leydig+cells+from+neonatal+rats.&rft.au=Murono%2C+E+P%3BDerk%2C+R+C%3Bde+Le%C3%B3n%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in milk using liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. AN - 69344227; 10589486 AB - Abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin are macrocyclic lactones derived from soil dwelling actinomycetes, and are very effective against nematode, insect, and arthropod infestations. These compounds, known as endectocides, have been approved for use in beef cattle in the United States; however, they are currently not approved for use in dairy cattle. Abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin residues were isolated from milk by a series of liquid-liquid extraction steps, derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride, and determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recovery studies were performed in 2 laboratories. Recoveries of > 80% (1-30 ng/mL) were achieved for all 4 compounds. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, F J AU - Lagman, L H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1340 EP - 1344 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antiparasitic Agents KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - abamectin KW - 5U8924T11H KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Antiparasitic Agents -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69344227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+abamectin%2C+doramectin%2C+ivermectin%2C+and+moxidectin+in+milk+using+liquid+chromatography+and+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BLagman%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maintenance and sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets and curtains three years after a controlled trial in western Kenya. AN - 69337969; 10588766 AB - In large experimental trials throughout Africa, insecticide-treated bednets and curtains have reduced child mortality in malaria-endemic communities by 15%-30%. While few questions remain about the efficacy of this intervention, operational issues around how to implement and sustain insecticide-treated materials (ITM) projects need attention. We revisited the site of a small-scale ITM intervention trial, 3 years after the project ended, to assess how local attitudes and practices had changed. Qualitative and quantitative methods, including 16 focus group discussions and a household survey (n = 60), were employed to assess use, maintenance, retreatment and perceptions of ITM and the insecticide in former study communities. Families that had been issued bednets were more likely to have kept and maintained them and valued bednets more highly than those who had been issued curtains. While most households retained their original bednets, none had treated them with insecticide since the intervention trial was completed 3 years earlier. Most of those who had been issued bednets repaired them, but none acquired new or replacement nets. In contrast, households that had been issued insecticide-treated curtains often removed them. Three (15%) of the households issued curtains had purchased one or more bednets since the study ended. In households where bednets had been issued, children 10 years of age and younger were a third as likely to sleep under a net as were adults (relative risk (RR) = 0. 32; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.19, 0.53). Understanding how and why optimal ITM use declined following this small-scale intervention trial can suggest measures that may improve the sustainability of current and future ITM efforts. JF - Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH AU - Kachur, S P AU - Phillips-Howard, P A AU - Odhacha, A M AU - Ruebush, T K AU - Oloo, A J AU - Nahlen, B L AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3729, USA. spk0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 728 EP - 735 VL - 4 IS - 11 SN - 1360-2276, 1360-2276 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Malaria -- prevention & control KW - Time KW - Kenya KW - Humans KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Bedding and Linens -- economics KW - Bedding and Linens -- utilization KW - Mosquito Control -- economics KW - Maintenance -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69337969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.atitle=Maintenance+and+sustained+use+of+insecticide-treated+bednets+and+curtains+three+years+after+a+controlled+trial+in+western+Kenya.&rft.au=Kachur%2C+S+P%3BPhillips-Howard%2C+P+A%3BOdhacha%2C+A+M%3BRuebush%2C+T+K%3BOloo%2C+A+J%3BNahlen%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Kachur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health+%3A+TM+%26+IH&rft.issn=13602276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Apr;6(4):324-5 [11348524] Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Jan;6(1):85-6 [11251900] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of metabolism-based drug interactions with alprazolam, midazolam, and triazolam. AN - 69312462; 10579141 AB - This review was conducted to identify the current data on drug interactions with alprazolam, midazolam, and triazolam to guide practitioners in the use of these drugs. The Medline electronic database from 1966 through 1998 was used to identify clinical studies of the pharmacokinetic effect of drugs on these three benzodiazepines. Of a total of 491 literature reports identified, 59 prospective studies met our selection criteria. The pharmacokinetic parameters of AUC, Cmax, t1/2, and tmax were evaluated for changes following an interaction. To allow comparison between studies, changes in the parameters were normalized relative to the control values. Pharmacodynamic effects and measures, when reported in the original studies as statistically significant, were classified as a strong interaction, and when the interaction was present but not statistically significant, they were classified as mild in this review. As a result, clinically significant drug interactions were noted for all three benzodiazepines, although it is clear that statistically significant pharmacokinetic changes do not always translate into clinically significant pharmacodynamic consequences. All three benzodiazepines were susceptible to drug interactions, but oral dosing of midazolam and triazolam resulted in greater alterations in the pharmacokinetic parameters than alprazolam due to their larger presystemic extraction. Ketoconazole and itraconazole were found to be the most potent metabolic inhibitors that prolonged the duration of or intensified the magnitude of the dynamic response produced by the three benzodiazepines. Rifampin, carbamazepine, and phenytoin were noted to be potent metabolic inducers, and their treatments result in loss of benzodiazepine therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, potent metabolic inhibitors and inducers can either significantly prolong or diminish the dynamic effects of benzodiazepines via their influence on the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Yuan, R AU - Flockhart, D A AU - Balian, J D AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1109 EP - 1125 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Triazolam KW - 1HM943223R KW - Itraconazole KW - 304NUG5GF4 KW - Midazolam KW - R60L0SM5BC KW - Ketoconazole KW - R9400W927I KW - Alprazolam KW - YU55MQ3IZY KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Itraconazole -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Ketoconazole -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Alprazolam -- pharmacokinetics KW - Midazolam -- pharmacokinetics KW - Triazolam -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alprazolam -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Triazolam -- pharmacology KW - Midazolam -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69312462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+and+pharmacodynamic+consequences+of+metabolism-based+drug+interactions+with+alprazolam%2C+midazolam%2C+and+triazolam.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+R%3BFlockhart%2C+D+A%3BBalian%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a mail-out continuing education article to teach health professionals about drug-induced disease. AN - 69308409; 10579142 AB - A U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Georgetown University Medical Center conference was the basis for "Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug-Induced Disease," the first MEDWATCH continuing education (CE) mail-out article. Developed as a major component of FDA MEDWATCH post-marketing surveillance outreach, the article used a clinical therapeutic approach to discuss topics including adverse drug events (ADEs) pharmacology and ADE reporting. Distributed nationwide through the MEDWATCH Partners, health professionals applied for CE credit by completing a self-assessment examination. With the overall response rate slightly more than 2%, 15,260 health professionals (55% physicians and 37% pharmacists) received CE credit. Evaluation of the initial approximately two-thirds (N = 10,021) of successfully completed exams found 99% agreement that stated learning objectives were met, and the article relevant to their clinical practice; spontaneous comments/letters were also very positive. The highest percentage responding specialists were internists (28%) and psychiatrists (17%), with notable differences found among specialties for response rate versus relative article distribution (such as relatively low response rates among surgeons and radiology/radiation physics specialists). The number of health professionals receiving CE credit, coupled with examination performance and overall response, indicates that "Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug-Induced Disease" was well received and fulfilled learning objectives. The results provide encouragement for this continuing educational approach. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Goldman, S A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1126 EP - 1135 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Self-Evaluation Programs KW - Education, Continuing -- methods KW - Health Personnel -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69308409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+mail-out+continuing+education+article+to+teach+health+professionals+about+drug-induced+disease.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of vomitoxin (Deoxnivalenol) on testicular morphology, testicular spermatid counts and epididymal sperm counts in IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 [TmlKopf] (IL-6 gene deficient)] and WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] mice. AN - 69273510; 10566878 AB - The potential of vomitoxin (VT) to affect testicular morphology and testicular and epididymal sperm counts was assessed in three strains of mice: IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 (tmlKopf) (IL-6 gene deficient)], WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] and B6C3F1 mice in a 90-day feeding study. The treated mice received VT at a concentration of 10 ppm in their diet. The body weight of VT-treated animals was significantly reduced compared with control animals. Slight changes, not statistically significant, were observed in relative testis weight and testicular spermatid counts. Histological changes were not apparent in the testes of VT-treated animals. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the height of the seminiferous epithelium and the number of Sertoli cell nucleoli per cross-sectioned seminiferous tubule in the VT-treated groups were not significantly different from their respective untreated controls. The IL-6KO and B6C3F1 VT-treated mice had significantly reduced cauda epididymal weights compared with their respective controls. These changes were not attributed to decreased sperm counts and this finding suggests that VT may exert an adverse affect on the epididymis. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sprando, R L AU - Pestka, J AU - Collins, T F AU - Rorie, J AU - O'Donnell, M AU - Hinton, D AU - Chirtel, S AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1073 EP - 1079 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Mice KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Spermatids -- drug effects KW - Epididymis -- cytology KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-6 -- genetics KW - Interleukin-6 -- deficiency KW - Epididymis -- drug effects KW - Testis -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69273510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+vomitoxin+%28Deoxnivalenol%29+on+testicular+morphology%2C+testicular+spermatid+counts+and+epididymal+sperm+counts+in+IL-6KO+%5BB6129-IL6+%5BTmlKopf%5D+%28IL-6+gene+deficient%29%5D+and+WT+%5BB6129F2+%28wild+type+to+B6129-IL6+with+an+intact+IL-6+gene%29%5D+mice.&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BPestka%2C+J%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BRorie%2C+J%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M%3BHinton%2C+D%3BChirtel%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of an alpha hydroxy acid (glycolic acid) on hairless guinea pig skin permeability. AN - 69271039; 10566882 AB - The barrier integrity of hairless guinea pig skin after treatment with an alpha hydroxy acid was assessed through in vivo topical application of an oil-in-water emulsion containing 5 or 10% glycolic acid at pH 3.0. The control was a commercial moisturizing lotion, pH 7.8. A dosing regimen for the glycolic acid formulations that was tolerated by the hairless guinea pigs and significantly decreased stratum corneum turnover time was determined using the dansyl chloride staining technique. Once-daily dosing of hairless guinea pig skin for 3 weeks with the glycolic acid formulations resulted in approximately a 36-39% decrease in stratum corneum turnover time compared with the control lotion. After this treatment, hairless guinea pigs were sacrificed for the in vitro measurement of the percutaneous absorption of [14C]hydroquinone and [14C]musk xylol. No significant differences in the 24-hour absorption of either test compound were found for skin treated with the control lotion or the glycolic acid formulations. There were also no significant differences found in the absorption of [3H]water through skin from the different treatment groups. Although no increase in skin penetration occurred after treatment with the glycolic acid formulations, histology revealed approximately a twofold increase in epidermal thickness. Also the number of nucleated cell layers nearly doubled in skin treated with 5% and 10% glycolic acid compared with the control lotion and untreated skin. These studies demonstrate that substantial changes in the structure of hairless guinea pig epidermis can occur without significant effect on skin permeability of two model compounds. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Hood, H L AU - Kraeling, M E AU - Robl, M G AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office of Cosmetics & Colors, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1105 EP - 1111 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Dansyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Glycolates KW - Hydroquinones KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - Ointments KW - Xylenes KW - glycolic acid KW - 0WT12SX38S KW - musk xylene KW - 1ZAO16GU5K KW - dansyl chloride KW - QMU9166TJ4 KW - hydroquinone KW - XV74C1N1AE KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Dansyl Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Skin -- ultrastructure KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Hydroquinones -- pharmacokinetics KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Xylenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Administration, Topical KW - Keratolytic Agents -- toxicity KW - Skin Absorption -- drug effects KW - Glycolates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69271039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+an+alpha+hydroxy+acid+%28glycolic+acid%29+on+hairless+guinea+pig+skin+permeability.&rft.au=Hood%2C+H+L%3BKraeling%2C+M+E%3BRobl%2C+M+G%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Promoting Safe Work for Young Workers: A Community-Based Approach. A Resource Guide Documenting the Experiences of Three Young Worker Projects. AN - 62315578; ED445139 AB - This guide presents the lessons learned from three health education projects that focused on young worker issues and were funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In these projects, occupational health educators worked for 3 years, in three different communities, to raise the awareness of young worker issues, including those related to students working part-time, at the community level. In this guide, the educators convey what they learned and provide information about materials that can be modified and used in other communities to meet their own needs. The three projects were developed in Brocton, Massachusetts; Oakland, California; and Los Angeles, California. Steps in coordinating a young worker project are outlined. Working with community partners, including peers of young workers, their parents, employers, and other citizens, is reviewed. Three appendixes contain a summary of child labor laws, a list of agencies and organizations that may help in program development, and a list of 21 resources and books for additional information. (SLD) AU - Bush, Diane AU - Gonzalez-Arroyo, Michele AU - Stock, Laura AU - Delp, Linda AU - Miara, Christine AU - Dewey, Robin AU - Sinclair, Raymond C. AU - Ortega, Maria J. Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 57 PB - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Tel: 800-356-4674 (Toll Free); Fax: 513-533-8573; e-mail: pubstaff@cdc.gov; Web site: www.cdc.gov/niosh. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Safety Education KW - Employers KW - Occupational Safety and Health KW - Program Implementation KW - Young Adults KW - Health Education KW - Adolescents KW - Part Time Employment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62315578?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Cooperative agreement partners: (1) Massachusetts N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of acinetobacter infections: 1987-1996 AN - 17885167; 5123698 AB - To determine whether nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter species have increased over the past 10 years and whether infections continue to have a pronounced seasonal variation, we analyzed infections reported by hospitals in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System that performed adult and pediatric intensive care unit surveillance from 1987 through 1996. Overall, 3447 nosocomial acinetobacter infections were reported during 5,596,156 patient-days. There was a yearly median of 7.2 infections (range, 5.0-10.5) per 10,000 patient-days and a downward trend in the rate of acinetobacter infections overall (P < 0.05) and of 2 major types of infection (P < 0.05): bloodstream infections (yearly median, 1.6 per 10,000 central venous catheter -days; range, 1.3-2.9) and pneumonia (yearly median, 7.6 per 10,000 ventilator-days; range, 6.5-12.0). Throughout this period, average rates were significantly higher during July-October than during November-June for acinetobacter infections overall (8.0 vs. 5.2; P < 0.01) and for bloodstream infections (2.0 vs. 1.2; P < 0.01) and pneumonia (9.7 vs. 6.6; P < 0.01). JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - McDonald, L C AU - Banerjee, ShN AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1133 EP - 1137 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Acinetobacter KW - Nosocomial infection KW - Bacteremia KW - Seasonal variations KW - Pneumonia KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+acinetobacter+infections%3A+1987-1996&rft.au=McDonald%2C+L+C%3BBanerjee%2C+ShN%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acinetobacter; Nosocomial infection; Seasonal variations; Bacteremia; Pneumonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Commercial Heat-Shock Process on Vibrio vulnificus in the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Harvested from the Gulf Coast AN - 17661868; 4684663 AB - Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested from the Gulf Coast, containing 10 super(2) to 10 super(4) most probable number (MPN) per gram of Vibrio vulnificus, were subjected to a commercial heat-shock process. After 1 to 4 min at internal oyster meat temperatures exceeding 50 degree C, shellstock oysters were shucked, chilled, washed, and packed. V. vulnificus and total bacterial levels in Gulf Coast oysters were significantly reduced from 1 to 4 logs in the finished product. Similar reductions were not observed in shellstock oysters that were subject to conventional processing. Under the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, heat shocking is an acceptable process to use to assist in the shucking of shellstock. This research revealed that the heat-shock process may also serve to significantly reduce V. vulnificus in summer Gulf Coast oysters. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hesselman, D M AU - Motes, M L AU - Lewis, J P AD - Mobile Resident Post, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Mobile, AL 36693, USA, mmotes@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1266 EP - 1269 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Eastern oyster KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Gulf Coast KW - USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - shucking KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Microbial contamination KW - Microbiological Studies KW - Public health KW - Public Health KW - Food technology KW - Heat shock KW - Seafood KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Water Quality KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Processing fishery products KW - Vibrio KW - Population control KW - Oysters KW - Shellfish KW - Oyster fisheries KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - Q1 08201:General KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17661868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Commercial+Heat-Shock+Process+on+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+the+American+Oyster%2C+Crassostrea+virginica%2C+Harvested+from+the+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=Hesselman%2C+D+M%3BMotes%2C+M+L%3BLewis%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Hesselman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Processing fishery products; Population control; Food technology; Pathogenic bacteria; Heat shock; Shellfish; Seafood; Microbial contamination; Oyster fisheries; Public health; Food contamination; Vibrio; Public Health; Oysters; Water Quality; Pathogens; Microbiological Studies; ASW, USA, Mexico Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A matched case-control study of convenience store robbery risk factors AN - 17463449; 4670686 AB - Convenience store clerks have been shown to be at high risk for assault and homicide, mostly owing to robbery or robbery attempts. Although the literature consistently indicates that at least some environmental designs are effective deterrents of robbery, the significance of individual interventions and policies has differed across past studies. To address these issues, a matched case-control study of 400 convenience store robberies in three metropolitan areas of Virginia was conducted. Conditional logistic regression was implemented to evaluate the significance of various environmental designs and other factors possibly related to convenience store robbery. Findings indicate that numerous characteristics of the surrounding environment and population were significantly associated with convenience store robbery. Results also showed that, on a univariate level, most crime prevention factors were significantly associated with a lower risk for robbery. Using a forward selection process, a multivariate model, which included cash handling policy, bullet-resistant shielding, and numerous characteristics of the surrounding area and population, was identified. This study addressed numerous limitations of the previous literature by prospectively collecting extensive data on a large sample of diverse convenience stores and directly addressing the current theory on the robbers' selection of a target store through a matched case-control design. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hendricks, SA AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Amandus, HE AU - Malcan, J AU - Bell, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S P1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 995 EP - 1004 VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - convenience store clerks KW - crime KW - homicide KW - retail industry KW - robberies KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Occupational safety KW - Violence KW - Hazards KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17463449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+matched+case-control+study+of+convenience+store+robbery+risk+factors&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+SA%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BAmandus%2C+HE%3BMalcan%2C+J%3BBell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Hazards; Violence; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hospitalizations for Vehicle Associated Injuries in Wisconsin AN - 17433191; 4656988 AB - Computerized data from the Wisconsin Office of Health Care Information (OHCI) was utilized to evaluate the epidemiology of vehicle associated injuries treated in acute care Wisconsin hospitals in 1997. There were 6043 vehicle associated injuries which required hospitalization in Wisconsin in 1997, a rate of 141 per 100,000 males and 91 per 100,000 females. Seventy-eight percent of these were motor vehicle traffic related (8% of which involved collisions with pedestrians), 9% were motor vehicle non-traffic related and 6% were pedal cycle related. This study demonstrates how the risk of these various types of vehicle related injuries varied with age, gender, and county of residence, and describes the distribution of morbidity associated with each type. The information described in this paper may be useful in developing hypotheses regarding the causes of vehicle related injuries in Wisconsin, and ultimately lead to the development of interventions which will decrease morbidity, mortality, and costs due to vehicle related injuries. JF - Wisconsin Medical Journal AU - Tavris AU - Kuhn, E M AU - Layde, P M AD - Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Dr, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 34 EP - 39 VL - 98 IS - 7 SN - 0043-6542, 0043-6542 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - emergency medical services KW - traffic safety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Morbidity KW - Accidents KW - Gender KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Hospitalizations+for+Vehicle+Associated+Injuries+in+Wisconsin&rft.au=Tavris%3BKuhn%2C+E+M%3BLayde%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Tavris&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wisconsin+Medical+Journal&rft.issn=00436542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Morbidity; Motor vehicles; Accidents; Age; Gender ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method to detect low levels of enteric viruses in contaminated oysters AN - 17419325; 4640628 AB - Direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring PCR inhibitors, and low levels of virus contamination. In this study we focused on developing rapid and efficient oyster-processing procedures that can be used for sensitive PCR detection of viruses in raw oysters. Poliovirus type 3 (PV3) Sabin strain was used to evaluate the efficacy of virus recovery and the removal of PCR inhibitors during oyster-processing procedures. These procedures included elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation, solvent extraction, and RNA extraction. Acid adsorption-elution in which glycine buffer (pH 7.5) was used was found to retain fewer inhibitors than direct elution in which glycine buffer (pH 9.5) was used. RNA extraction in which a silica gel membrane was used was more effective than single-step RNA precipitation for removing additional nonspecific PCR inhibitors. The final 10- mu l volume of RNA concentrates obtained from 2 g of oyster tissue (concentration factor, 200-fold) was satisfactory for efficient reverse transcription-PCR detection of virus. The overall detection sensitivity of our method was 1 PFU/g of oyster tissue initially seeded with PV3. The method was utilized to investigate a 1998 gastroenteritis outbreak in California in which contaminated oysters were the suspected disease transmission vehicle. A genogroup II Norwalk-like virus was found in two of three recalled oyster samples linked by tags to the harvest dates and areas associated with the majority of cases. The method described here improves the response to outbreaks and can be used for rapid and sensitive detection of viral agents in outbreak-implicated oysters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Shieh, Y-SC AU - Calci, K R AU - Baric, R S AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA, ycs@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 4709 EP - 4714 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - USA, California KW - enteric viruses KW - oysters KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Human diseases KW - Pollution detection KW - Food poisoning KW - Separation processes KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Crassostrea KW - Public health KW - Enterovirus KW - Quality control KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Gastroenteritis KW - Oyster fisheries KW - Nucleic acids KW - Separation techniques KW - Fishery products KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q4 27160:Methods and instruments KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17419325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+method+to+detect+low+levels+of+enteric+viruses+in+contaminated+oysters&rft.au=Shieh%2C+Y-SC%3BCalci%2C+K+R%3BBaric%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Shieh&rft.aufirst=Y-SC&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Pollution detection; Quality control; Food poisoning; Microbial contamination; Oyster fisheries; Fishery products; Public health; Polymerase chain reaction; Food contamination; Gastroenteritis; Separation techniques; Separation processes; Nucleic acids; Enterovirus; Crassostrea; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of B cells, but not specific antibodies, in primary and secondary protective immunity to the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain AN - 17399630; 4629458 AB - Although there appears to be little if any role for specific antibodies in protection against intracellular bacteria, such as the model pathogen F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), the role of B cells themselves in primary and secondary infection with such bacteria has not been examined directly. We show here that mice deficient in mature B cells and antibodies (B-cell knockout mice) are marginally compromised in controlling primary sublethal infection but are 100-fold less well protected against secondary lethal challenge than are their normal counterparts. This defect in optimal specific protective immunity was readily reconstituted by the transfer of primed, and to a lesser degree, unprimed B cells, but not by the transfer of specific antibodies. The results indicate a previously unappreciated role for B cells in secondary immunity to intracellular pathogens through a function other than antibody production. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Elkins, K L AU - Bosio, C M AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AD - DBP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA, elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 6002 EP - 6007 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - knockout mice KW - immunology KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Intracellular KW - Immunity KW - Antibody response KW - Vaccines KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06749:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17399630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Importance+of+B+cells%2C+but+not+specific+antibodies%2C+in+primary+and+secondary+protective+immunity+to+the+intracellular+bacterium+Francisella+tularensis+live+vaccine+strain&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BBosio%2C+C+M%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6002&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; Lymphocytes B; Vaccines; Antibody response; Immunity; Antibodies; Intracellular ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeated administration of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides expressing CpG motifs provides long-term protection against bacterial infection AN - 17398461; 4629445 AB - Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing unmethylated CpG motifs stimulate an innate immune response characterized by the production of polyreactive immunoglobulin M antibodies and immunomodulatory cytokines. This immune response has been shown to protect mice from challenge by Listeria monocytogenes and Francisella tularensis for up to 2 weeks. By repeatedly administering CpG ODN two to four times/month, we found that this protection could be maintained indefinitely. Protection was associated with a significant increase in the number of spleen cells that could be triggered by subsequent pathogen exposure to secrete gamma interferon and interleukin-6 in vivo (P < 0.01). ODN-treated animals remained healthy and developed neither macroscopic nor microscopic evidence of tissue damage or inflammation. Thus, repeated administration of CpG ODN may provide a safe means of conferring long-term protection against infectious pathogens. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Klinman, D M AU - Conover, J AU - Coban, C AD - Bldg. 29A Rm. 3 D 10, CBER/FDA Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Klinman@CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 5658 EP - 5663 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - CpG motifs KW - mice KW - immunology KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Oligodeoxynucleotides KW - oligodeoxynucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Antibody response KW - Immunization KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Cytokines KW - Immune response KW - Vaccines KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33380:Antisense UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17398461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Repeated+administration+of+synthetic+oligodeoxynucleotides+expressing+CpG+motifs+provides+long-term+protection+against+bacterial+infection&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BConover%2C+J%3BCoban%2C+C&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Francisella tularensis; Vaccines; Cytokines; Immunoglobulin M; Antibody response; Immunization; Immune response; Immunoglobulins; ^g-Interferon; Interleukin 6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vaccine injury compensation programs worldwide AN - 17429956; 4641923 AB - Approximately a dozen countries provide some form of compensation for injuries (or deaths) following vaccination. More than anything else, they were instituted in the belief governments have a special responsibility to those injured by properly manufactured and administered vaccines used in public health programs. Administratively, most are managed through the national government, including decisions on eligibility for and amount of compensation. Eligibility may depend on the recipient's age, citizenship or residency status, category of vaccine (e.g., recommended, compulsory), the location it is administered (public vs private ambulatory setting), or satisfying certain time frames for filing a claim. Since few vaccine-related injuries have a clinical or laboratory marker, proving actual causation is difficult. Causation decisions are usually based on the balance of probabilities standard of more likely than not. All countries require that the effects be long lasting (e.g., greater than 6 months), and nearly all provide coverage for medical costs, disability pensions, and death benefits, while noneconomic damages (pain and suffering) are included much less frequently. Funding is generally from the national treasury, with some programs receiving support from lower governmental entities or vaccine manufacturers. After nearly 4 decades of operation, vaccine injury compensation program appears to be an increasingly accepted component of immunization programs today. While we have a much better understanding of their statutory purpose, frame work, process and outcome, there is much more to be learned. Future research should focus on vaccine compensation programs and (1) decision-making at the administrative level; (2) the utilization of outcome indicators in order to gauge effectiveness, including immunization acceptance; (3) the knowledge and attitudes of the public and medical community in host countries; and (4) the overall perspective of vaccine manufacturers. Insight into these and other areas will no doubt aid other countries as they consider implementing programs of their own. JF - Vaccine AU - Evans, G Y1 - 1999/10/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 29 SP - S25 EP - S35 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 17 KW - vaccination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Economics KW - Litigation KW - Liability KW - Side effects KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Vaccine+injury+compensation+programs+worldwide&rft.au=Evans%2C+G&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stress and DNA damage in Fischer rats following acute exposure to trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene AN - 17419830; 4641808 AB - Oxidative DNA damage is emerging as an biomarker of effect in studies assessing the health risks of occupational chemicals. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC) are used in the dry cleaning industry and their metabolism can produce reactive oxygen compounds. The present study examined the potential for TCE and PERC to induce oxidative DNA damage in rats that was detectable as increased urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-epi-prostaglandin F sub(2 alpha ) (8epiPGF) were also measured as biomarkers of increased oxidative stress. Male Fischer rats were administered a single i.p. injection of 0, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of PERC or TCE. Control rats received only vehicle (1:4 v/v of Alkamuls/water). A positive control group received 100 mg/kg 2-nitropropane (2NP). Rats were sacrificed 24 h after dosing. In rats receiving 2NP or TCE but not PERC, TBARS and the 8OHdG/dG ratios were significantly elevated in liver. Lymphocyte 8OHdG/dG was not affected significantly by 2NP, TCE or PERC. In rats receiving 2NP, urinary excretion of 8OHdG and 8epiPGF2 were significantly increased. In rats receiving TCE or PERC, significant increases in 8epiPGF2 or 8OHdG were not evident. Results indicate that a single high dose of TCE, but not PERC, can induce an increase in oxidative DNA damage in rat liver. However, the usefulness of 8OHdG as a biomarker of TCE-induced oxidative DNA damage is questionable. JF - Toxicology AU - Toraason, M AU - Clark, J AU - Dankovic, D AU - Mathias, P AU - Skaggs, S AU - Walker, C AU - Werren, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1999/10/29/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 29 SP - 43 EP - 53 VL - 138 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - perchloroethylene KW - rats KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA damage KW - Oxidative stress KW - Liver KW - Trichloroethylene KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17419830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stress+and+DNA+damage+in+Fischer+rats+following+acute+exposure+to+trichloroethylene+or+perchloroethylene&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BClark%2C+J%3BDankovic%2C+D%3BMathias%2C+P%3BSkaggs%2C+S%3BWalker%2C+C%3BWerren%2C+D&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Oxidative stress; DNA damage; Trichloroethylene ER - TY - GEN T1 - Declines in Teenage Birth Rates, 1991-98: Update of National and State Trends. AN - 62414984; ED435781 AB - This report includes national birth rates for teenagers for 1991-98; the percent of change, 1991-98; state-specific teenage birth rates for 1991 and 1997; and the percent change, 1991-97. Data are in the form of tabular and graphical descriptions of the trends in teenage birth rates by age group, race, and Hispanic origin of the mother. The data for 1997 and earlier years are based on 100 percent of the birth certificates registered in all states and the District of Columbia. Data for 1998 are preliminary, based on a sample file of more than 99 percent of births for that year. According to the statistics, birth rates for teenagers age 15-19 years declined nationally between 1991 and 1998 for all age, race, and Hispanic origin populations, with the steepest declines recorded for African American women. The teenage birth rate is close to a record low. Statistics show that most teenage births are to unmarried women. State-specific rates by age fell in all states, with most declines statistically significant. Overall declines ranged from 9 to 32 percent. (SM) AU - Ventura, Stephanie J. AU - Mathews, J. T. AU - Curtin, Sally C. Y1 - 1999/10/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 25 SP - 13 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782-2003. VL - 47 IS - 26 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Births to Single Women KW - Early Parenthood KW - Birth Rate KW - Females KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Pregnancy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62414984?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Preventing teenage pregnancy AN - 59780393; 2000-0205300 AB - Discusses national strategy to prevent out-of-wedlock teen pregnancies and encourage adolescents to abstain from sex, recent trends, and related Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) programs and research; US. Update available at www.hhs.gov/news/press/2000pres/20000808a.html JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, October 25 1999. Y1 - 1999/10/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 25 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Health and human services department KW - United States -- Health policy KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Youth -- Sexual behavior KW - Teenage pregnancy -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59780393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Preventing+teenage+pregnancy&rft.title=Preventing+teenage+pregnancy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/1999pres/991025a.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freshly fractured crystalline silica induces activator protein-1 activation through ERKs and p38 MAPK. AN - 70844762; 10521445 AB - The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) reportedly plays an important role in the induction of neoplastic transformation and multiple genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. To investigate the mechanisms of silica-induced carcinogenesis, AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice were used as an in vivo model, whereas the JB6 mouse epidermal cell line and a rat lung epithelial cell line were employed as in vitro models to study the effects of silica at the molecular level. Freshly fractured silica caused an 8-fold increase in AP-1 activity in JB6 cells and a 2.5-fold increase in rat lung epithelial cells. The induction of AP-1 activity in cultured cell lines was time- and dose-dependent. Intratracheal administration of silica was also able to induce AP-1 transactivation in transgenic mice. AP-1 activation was first observed at 2 days after silica administration and reached its maximum at 3 days post-exposure of the mice to silica. The signal transduction pathways for AP-1 activation were also investigated using these cell lines. The results demonstrate that freshly fractured silica stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, as determined by the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs). Inhibition of ERKs with PD98059 or of p38 with SB203580 significantly inhibited silica-induced AP-1 activation. These findings demonstrate for the first time that freshly fractured silica induces AP-1 activation, which may be mediated through p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. Unraveling the complex mechanisms associated with these events may provide insights into the initiation and progression of silica-induced carcinogenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ding, M AU - Shi, X AU - Dong, Z AU - Chen, F AU - Lu, Y AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 22 SP - 30611 EP - 30616 VL - 274 IS - 43 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - 0 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Animals KW - Epidermis -- metabolism KW - Luciferases -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Kinetics KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Luciferases -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Silicon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70844762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Freshly+fractured+crystalline+silica+induces+activator+protein-1+activation+through+ERKs+and+p38+MAPK.&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BShi%2C+X%3BDong%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+F%3BLu%2C+Y%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-22&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=30611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of N-acetylphenothiazine by fungi AN - 17385682; 4613327 AB - Cultures of the fungi Aspergillus niger, Cunninghamella verticillata, and Penicillium simplicissimum, grown in a sucrose/peptone medium, transformed N-acetylphenothiazine to N-acetylphenothiazine sulfoxide (from 13% to 28% of the total) and phenothiazine sulfoxide (from 5% to 27%). Phenothiazin-3-one (4%) and phenothiazine N-glucoside (4%) were also produced by C. verticillata. The probable intermediate, phenothiazine, was detected only in cultures of P. simplicissimum (6%). JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Parshikov, IA AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AU - Moody, J D AU - Sutherland, J B AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jsutherland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/10/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 21 SP - 553 EP - 557 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - N-Acetylphenothiazine KW - N-Glucoside KW - N-acetylphenothiazine KW - N-glucoside KW - phenothiazin-3-one KW - phenothiazine KW - phenothiazine sulfoxide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Transformation KW - Penicillium simplicissimum KW - Fungi KW - Cell culture KW - Cunninghamella verticillata KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17385682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+N-acetylphenothiazine+by+fungi&rft.au=Parshikov%2C+IA%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J%3BMoody%2C+J+D%3BSutherland%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Parshikov&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=1999-10-21&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051559 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Cunninghamella verticillata; Penicillium simplicissimum; Fungi; Transformation; Cell culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051559 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for back injury in 31,076 retail merchandise store workers. AN - 70838479; 10522653 AB - Risk factors for work-associated strain or sprain back injuries were investigated in a cohort of 31,076 material handlers from 260 retail merchandise stores in the United States. The workers studied were those with significant material-handling responsibilities--daily lifting and movement of merchandise. Workers in jobs with the greatest physical work requirements had an injury rate of 3.64 per 100 person-years versus 1.82 in workers with lesser work requirements. The unadjusted injury rate for males was 3.67 per 100 person-years compared with 2.34 per 100 person-years for females, but the excess for males was confounded by higher physical work requirements for men in the stocker/receiver job category. The injury rate ratio for short versus long duration of employment was 3.53 (95% confidence interval: 2.90, 4.30); for medium versus long duration of employment, it was 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.62). The elevated rate ratios were maintained when the data were stratified by subsets with different rates of turnover. The results suggest that workers with the greatest physical work requirements and those with the shortest duration of employment are at the highest risk of back injuries. However, selection forces causing worker turnover within this cohort of active workers are not well characterized and have the potential to bias the measures for time-related factors such as duration of employment. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Gardner, L I AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Nelson, N A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 825 EP - 833 VL - 150 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Lifting KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sprains and Strains -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Back Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Back Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Sprains and Strains -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70838479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+back+injury+in+31%2C076+retail+merchandise+store+workers.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+L+I%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BNelson%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Arg-12 in the active site of Escherichia coli K1 CMP-sialic acid synthetase. AN - 70816119; 10510306 AB - Escherichia coli K1 CMP-sialic acid synthetase catalyses the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid from CTP and sialic acid. The active site of the 418 amino acid E. coli enzyme was localized to its N-terminal half. The bacterial CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzymes have a conserved motif, IAIIPARXXSKGLXXKN, at their N-termini. Several basic residues have been identified at or near the active site of the E. coli enzyme by chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. Only one of the lysines in the N-terminal motif, Lys-21, appears to be essential for activity. Mutation of Lys-21 in the N-terminal motif results in an inactive enzyme. Furthermore, Arg-12 of the N-terminal motif appears to be an active-site residue, based on the following evidence. Substituting Arg-12 with glycine or alanine resulted in inactive enzymes, indicating that this residue is required for enzymic activity. The Arg-12-->Lys mutant was partially active, demonstrating that a positive charge is required at this site. Steady-state kinetic analysis reveals changes in k(cat), K(m) and K(s) for CTP, which implicates Arg-12 in catalysis and substrate binding. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Stoughton, D M AU - Zapata, G AU - Picone, R AU - Vann, W F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial Products, OVRR, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 397 EP - 402 VL - 343 Pt 2 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - 0 KW - Pyridoxal Phosphate KW - 5V5IOJ8338 KW - Cytidine Triphosphate KW - 65-47-4 KW - Arginine KW - 94ZLA3W45F KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase KW - EC 2.7.7.43 KW - Lysine KW - K3Z4F929H6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Thermodynamics KW - Cytidine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Protein Denaturation KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Binding Sites KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Conserved Sequence -- genetics KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Amino Acid Motifs KW - Amino Acid Substitution -- genetics KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Kinetics KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Pyridoxal Phosphate -- metabolism KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- genetics KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Arginine -- metabolism KW - Arginine -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lysine -- genetics KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- metabolism KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- chemistry KW - Lysine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Arg-12+in+the+active+site+of+Escherichia+coli+K1+CMP-sialic+acid+synthetase.&rft.au=Stoughton%2C+D+M%3BZapata%2C+G%3BPicone%2C+R%3BVann%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Stoughton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=343+Pt+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1966 Dec 10;241(23):5643-50 [4288894] J Biol Chem. 1962 Nov;237:3527-34 [13998986] J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17556-62 [2826425] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14769-74 [2549035] Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Nov;15(11):430-4 [2126155] J Biol Chem. 1991 May 5;266(13):8328-35 [2022650] Biochemistry. 1992 Jan 28;31(3):775-80 [1731934] J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9257-63 [1577759] Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1993 May;374(5):337-42 [8338634] Biochem J. 1993 Oct 15;295 ( Pt 2):485-91 [8240247] J Bacteriol. 1994 Aug;176(15):4583-9 [8045888] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Mol Microbiol. 1996 Feb;19(3):555-63 [8830246] J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 28;271(26):15373-80 [8663048] FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 5;391(1-2):157-61 [8706906] Mol Microbiol. 1996 Jan;19(2):369-78 [8825781] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9140-5 [9689047] Protein Sci. 1999 Mar;8(3):666-75 [10091669] Glycobiology. 1999 May;9(5):481-7 [10207180] J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 5;262(10):4534-7 [3031027] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid phase microextraction of alkenylbenzenes and other flavor-related compounds from tobacco for analysis by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AN - 69226375; 10544893 AB - Some constituents found in natural flavorings are known to exhibit toxic properties. We developed a rapid method for quantifying 12 flavor-related compounds in cigarette tobacco using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using selected ion monitoring, we quantified and positively identified coumarin; pulegone; piperonal and nine alkenylbenzenes, including trans-anethole, safrole, methyleugenol and myristicin in one or more brands of cigarettes. In 62% of 68 brands analyzed, we detected one or more of the flavor-related compounds ranging from 0.0018 to 43 microg/g. Toxic properties of these flavor-related compounds may constitute an additional health risk related to cigarette smoking. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Stanfill, S B AU - Ashley, D L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1999/10/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 08 SP - 79 EP - 89 VL - 858 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Calibration KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Benzene Derivatives -- isolation & purification KW - Tobacco -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69226375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Solid+phase+microextraction+of+alkenylbenzenes+and+other+flavor-related+compounds+from+tobacco+for+analysis+by+selected+ion+monitoring+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Stanfill%2C+S+B%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Stanfill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-08&rft.volume=858&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the quality and quantity of drug-drug interaction studies in recent NDA submissions: study design and data analysis issues. AN - 70845249; 10516934 AB - This report investigates the quality and quantity of drug-drug interaction studies in recent new drug applications (NDAs). Eighty-nine studies contained in 14 NDAs submitted between December 1995 and November 1996 to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were reviewed. The results indicated that the median number of clinical drug-drug interaction studies per NDA was 6, almost double that of a 1994-1995 survey. In vitro metabolism data were present in 70% of the submissions. More than 50% of the submissions contained interaction studies using a battery of drugs (cimetidine, digoxin, or warfarin) without optimal use of the in vitro metabolism or in vivo mass balance data. Various study designs using a median number of 12 subjects were employed in the evaluation of drug-drug interactions. Some of the important study design factors such as dose size, dosing regimen, dosing duration, and timing of coadministration were considered, although not consistently, by the sponsors in their study design. Seventy-five percent of the studies used normal, healthy male subjects, and 25% used patients for whom the new molecular entities were intended. In 33% of the studies, female subjects were also recruited. Although the majority (80%) of the submissions still used p-values to determine the significance of drug interactions, 30% used a more relevant equivalence approach with 90% confidence intervals for key pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameter ratios to assess the extent of drug interactions. Overall, 82% of the studies concluded no interaction. Although population pharmacokinetic analysis can be a useful tool in studying drug-drug interactions, only 21% of the submissions used this approach. In summary, this assessment reveals that the quantity and quality of drug-drug interaction studies in NDAs have improved over the years. These improvements, as well as others that can be implemented, should result in more informative labeling and better patient care. FDA guidance for industry dealing with the design, analysis, and labeling language of in vivo metabolic drug-drug interactions has been developed to assist sponsors and FDA reviewers with these issues. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Huang, S M AU - Lesko, L J AU - Williams, R L AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1006 EP - 1014 VL - 39 IS - 10 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Sample Size KW - Research Design KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Male KW - Female KW - Drug Interactions KW - Investigational New Drug Application -- statistics & numerical data KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70845249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+quality+and+quantity+of+drug-drug+interaction+studies+in+recent+NDA+submissions%3A+study+design+and+data+analysis+issues.&rft.au=Huang%2C+S+M%3BLesko%2C+L+J%3BWilliams%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coffee, alcohol, and the liver. AN - 70798475; 10501405 JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Sharp, D S AU - Everhart, J E AU - Benowitz, N L AD - Biostatistics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 391 EP - 393 VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - kahweol KW - 6894-43-5 KW - cafestol KW - AC465T6Q6W KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Diterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Gerbillinae KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Rabbits KW - Cebus KW - Rats KW - Caffeine -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Liver Diseases -- etiology KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Research KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70798475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Hormones%2C+and+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Longnecker%2C+Matthew+P%3BTseng%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Longnecker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential magnetic fields predicted from wiring configurations: I. Exposure model. AN - 70060001; 10495305 AB - A physically based model for residential magnetic fields from electric transmission and distribution wiring was developed to reanalyze the Los Angeles study of childhood leukemia by London et al. For this exposure model, magnetic field measurements were fitted to a function of wire configuration attributes that was derived from a multipole expansion of the Law of Biot and Savart. The model parameters were determined by nonlinear regression techniques, using wiring data, distances, and the geometric mean of the ELF magnetic field magnitude from 24-h bedroom measurements taken at 288 homes during the epidemiologic study. The best fit to the measurement data was obtained with separate models for the two major utilities serving Los Angeles County. This model's predictions produced a correlation of 0.40 with the measured fields, an improvement on the 0.27 correlation obtained with the Wertheimer-Leeper (WL) wire code. For the leukemia risk analysis in a companion paper, the regression model predicts exposures to the 24-h geometric mean of the ELF magnetic fields in Los Angeles homes where only wiring data and distances have been obtained. Since these input parameters for the exposure model usually do not change for many years, the predicted magnetic fields will be stable over long time periods, just like the WL code. If the geometric mean is not the exposure metric associated with cancer, this regression technique could be used to estimate long-term exposures to temporal variability metrics and other characteristics of the ELF magnetic field which may be cancer risk factors. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Bowman, J D AU - Thomas, D C AU - Jiang, L AU - Jiang, F AU - Peters, J M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45266, USA. jdb0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 399 EP - 413 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0197-8462, 0197-8462 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Los Angeles -- epidemiology KW - Power Plants KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Nonlinear Dynamics KW - Algorithms KW - Forecasting KW - Child KW - Electricity KW - Models, Biological KW - Housing KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Magnetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70060001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Residential+magnetic+fields+predicted+from+wiring+configurations%3A+I.+Exposure+model.&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+D%3BThomas%2C+D+C%3BJiang%2C+L%3BJiang%2C+F%3BPeters%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=01978462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood lead levels among children of lead-exposed workers: A meta-analysis. AN - 70017226; 10470013 AB - To further assess the utility of targeted blood lead screening for children from households with members having occupational lead exposures, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available reports of take-home lead exposures. Our objective was to estimate the blood lead levels among U.S. children (ages 1-5) from households with lead-exposed workers. Reports considered for inclusion were cited in Medline, Toxline, Excerpta Medica, and Bio-Med plus all unpublished reports available at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through 1994. The a priori criteria for inclusion of U.S. reports required their having data on: (1) venous blood lead levels for children, (2) children's ages, (3) data for at least five children, (4) workers' occupations, (5) workers' blood lead levels, and (6) data collection methods. Based on a meta-analysis of 10 reports from 1987 through 1994, the children (n=139) of lead-exposed workers (n=222) had a geometric mean blood lead level of 9.3 microg/dL compared to a U.S. population geometric mean of 3.6 microg/dL (P=0.0006). Also in this group, 52% of the children had blood lead levels (BLLs) >/= 10 microg/dL compared to 8.9% in the U.S. (P=.0010), and 21% of the children had BLLs >/= 20 microg/dL compared to 1.1% in the U.S. (P=. 0258). We estimate, based on 1981-83 survey data, that there are about 48,000 families with children under six living with household members occupationally exposed to lead. If the findings from this meta-analysis (admittedly limited by small numbers) are generalizable, about half of the young children in these families may have BLLs >/= 10 microg/dL. Data were too sparse to determine if children of workers with elevated blood leads were at greater risk than children whose parents were only known to be lead exposed. Our findings support the position that children of lead-exposed workers should be targeted for blood lead screening. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36:475-481, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Roscoe, R J AU - Gittleman, J L AU - Deddens, J A AU - Petersen, M R AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinatti, OH 45226, USA. rjr1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Infant KW - Mass Screening KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Occupations KW - Child, Preschool KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Family Health KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70017226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Blood+lead+levels+among+children+of+lead-exposed+workers%3A+A+meta-analysis.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+R+J%3BGittleman%2C+J+L%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of lead in paint, dust wipes, soil, and air: an interlaboratory evaluation. AN - 69504020; 11529164 AB - Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of ultrasonic extraction (UE), followed by portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), for the on-site determination of lead in environmental and industrial hygiene samples. The aim of this work was to conduct an interlaboratory evaluation of the UE-ASV procedure, with a goal of establishing estimates of method performance based on results from collaborative interlaboratory analysis. In this investigation, performance evaluation materials (PEMs) with characterized lead concentrations were used for interlaboratory testing of the UE-ASV procedure. The UE-ASV protocol examined has been promulgated in the form of two separate national voluntary consensus standards (one for UE and another for electroanalysis, which includes ASV). The PEMs consisted of characterized and homogenized paints, soils, and dusts (the last of which were spiked onto wipes meeting national voluntary consensus standard specifications), and air filter samples (mixed cellulose ester membrane) generated using characterized paints within an aerosol chamber. The lead concentrations within the PEMs were chosen so as to bracket pertinent action levels for lead in the various sample matrices. The interlaboratory evaluation was conducted so as to comply with an applicable national voluntary consensus standard that can be used to estimate the interlaboratory precision of a given analytical test method. Based on the analytical results reported by the participating laboratories, relative standard deviations (RSDs) for repeatability and reproducibility were computed for three different lead contents of the four PEMs. RSDs for repeatability were 0.019-0.100 for paints; 0.030-0.151 for soils; 0.085-0.134 for dust wipes; and 0.095-0.137 for air filters. RSDs for reproducibility were 0.127-0.213 for paints; 0.062-0.162 for soils; 0.085-0.134 for dust wipes; and 0.114-0.220 for air filters. With the exception of one of the air filter samples and one of the paint samples, the precision estimates were within the +/- 20% precision requirement specified in the US Environmental Protection Agency National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP). The results of this investigation illustrate that the UE-ASV procedure is an effective method for the quantitative measurement of lead in the matrices evaluated in this study. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Ashley, K AU - Song, R AU - Esche, C A AU - Schlecht, P C AU - Baron, P A AU - Wise, T J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Housing KW - Ultrasonics KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Electrodes KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69504020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+extraction+and+portable+anodic+stripping+voltammetric+measurement+of+lead+in+paint%2C+dust+wipes%2C+soil%2C+and+air%3A+an+interlaboratory+evaluation.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BSong%2C+R%3BEsche%2C+C+A%3BSchlecht%2C+P+C%3BBaron%2C+P+A%3BWise%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing commercial fishing deaths in Alaska. AN - 69424787; 10658549 AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of the United States Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 in reducing the high occupational death rate (200/100,000/year in 1991-2) among Alaska's commercial fishermen. Comprehensive surveillance of deaths in commercial fishing was established by our office during 1991 and 1992 for Alaska. Demographic data and data on risk factors and incidents were compiled and analysed for trend. During 1991-8, there was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in deaths in Alaska related to commercial fishing. Although drownings from fishermen falling overboard and events related to crab fishing vessels (often conducted far offshore and in winter) have continued to occur, marked progress (significant downward trend, p < 0.001) has been made in saving the lives of people involved in vessels capsizing and sinking. Specific measures tailored to prevent drowning associated with vessels capsizing and sinking in Alaska's commercial fishing industry have been successful. However, these events continue to occur, and place fishermen and rescue personnel at substantial risk. Additional strategies must be identified to reduce the frequency of vessels capsizing and sinking, to enable parallel improvements in the mortality among crab fishermen, and to prevent fishermen falling overboard and drownings associated with them. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Lincoln, J M AU - Conway, G A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, AK, USA. jxw7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 691 EP - 695 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Data Collection KW - Safety Management KW - Cause of Death KW - Ships KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Drowning -- prevention & control KW - Fisheries KW - Drowning -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69424787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Preventing+commercial+fishing+deaths+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Lincoln%2C+J+M%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Br J Ind Med. 1971 Jan;28(1):27-35 [5101166] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):700 [8570821] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Oct;49(10):694-9 [1419857] Am J Public Health. 1993 May;83(5):685-8 [8484449] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Jul;47(7):498-501 [2383520] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent trends of age-specific pneumoconiosis mortality rates in the United States, 1985-1996: coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, and silicosis. AN - 69405740; 10633240 AB - The authors examined the temporal trends of age-specific pneumoconiosis mortality from coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), asbestosis, and silicosis in the United States in 1985-1996. Mortality data were derived from the National Center for Health Statistics multiple causes of death files for the period. Age-specific mortality rates were computed for three age groups (15-44, 45-64, and > or = 65 years) among decedents with mention of CWP, asbestosis, or silicosis. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the annual changes in age-specific mortality rates, by age group, with each specific condition. The CWP mortality rates declined significantly (p = 0.0001) in the groups 45 years old and older, but not in the age group 15-44. Asbestosis mortality rates declined significantly (p = 0.005) for the age group 45-64, while increasing (p = 0.0001) for those aged 65 years and older. However, in the younger age group 15-44, the rates showed no significant trend. Silicosis mortality rates declined significantly (p = 0.0001) for all groups. The continued occurrence of deaths from CWP, asbestosis, and silicosis among young adults may be the result of high levels of exposure to occupational risks. These results suggest that pneumoconiosis surveillance may help to evaluate the temporal pneumoconiosis mortality patterns in the United States. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Bang, K M AU - Althouse, R B AU - Kim, J H AU - Game, S R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, WV 26505, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 251 EP - 255 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Asbestosis -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Silicosis -- mortality KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pneumoconiosis -- mortality KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69405740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Recent+trends+of+age-specific+pneumoconiosis+mortality+rates+in+the+United+States%2C+1985-1996%3A+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis%2C+asbestosis%2C+and+silicosis.&rft.au=Bang%2C+K+M%3BAlthouse%2C+R+B%3BKim%2C+J+H%3BGame%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cluster management and the role of concerned communities and the media. AN - 69369050; 10608367 AB - Public health services often have to deal with reported clusters of adverse health events. An important characteristic of disease clusters is that the involved community often is concerned about environmental factors influencing health. To facilitate cluster investigations, a stepwise protocol was developed in the Netherlands, based on international literature. Essential is the two-way approach, consisting of a disease-track and an environment-track. Attention to potential environmental exposures is as important as attention to the reported diseases, not only because environmental pollution often is the reason of public concern and thus relevant for risk communication, but also for deciding about the boundaries of the population at risk. Moreover, environmental information is necessary for judgement of the plausibility of a causal relation and for advising measures to prevent exposure. Within this two-way approach, three stages are distinguished: orientation stage, verification stage and quantification stage. Only if an increased risk as well as an elevated exposure is verified, under certain conditions a case-control study may be useful to study causality between exposure and adverse health events. During all stages of the investigation, good risk communication strategies have to be taken into account. However, even then it might be difficult to prevent conflicts, because of the differing interests between experts and the community involved. One of the most important aspects that determine judgements about risks by threatened people, is controllability; that is why community participation is essential. Therefore it can be concluded that cluster management is a mutual endeavour for experts, public and media, where experts are judged on three characteristics: expertise, credibility and empathy. JF - European journal of epidemiology AU - Drijver, M AU - Woudenberg, F AD - Public Health Service (GGD) Haarlem, The Netherlands. mdrijver@haarlem.nl Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0393-2990, 0393-2990 KW - Index Medicus KW - Attitude to Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Netherlands KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Clinical Protocols KW - Public Relations KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Community Participation KW - Communication KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Mass Media KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69369050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Cluster+management+and+the+role+of+concerned+communities+and+the+media.&rft.au=Drijver%2C+M%3BWoudenberg%2C+F&rft.aulast=Drijver&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=03932990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal action of ampicillin/sulbactam against intracellular mycobacteria. AN - 69346269; 10595573 AB - The resistance of mycobacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics is attributed to their ability to synthesize beta-lactamase. In our previous studies, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combinations suppressed the growth of several mycobacteria in axenic cultures and ampicillin/sulbactam was bactericidal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro, and to Mycobacterium leprae multiplying in mouse foot-pads. Since both these organisms multiply in phagocytic cells in the host, it is important to know whether the drug combination is active against mycobacteria multiplying in macrophages. We tested the action of ampicillin/sulbactam against four potentially pathogenic (to humans or to animals) mycobacteria, M. simiae, M. haemophilum, M. avium, M. microti, when phagocytosed by mouse macrophages. Bacteria were exposed to monolayers of peritoneal macrophages harvested from BALB/c mice. Unphagocytosed bacilli were removed and three concentrations of ampicillin/sulbactam were tested. Optimum activity was observed at 100 mg/l which killed 58-97% of the mycobacteria within macrophages, as determined by the CFU. beta-Lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitors, especially ampicillin/sulbactam, might provide an effective alternative therapy against infections caused by mycobacteria resistant to other drugs. JF - International journal of antimicrobial agents AU - Prabhakaran, K AU - Harris, E B AU - Randhawa, B AD - GWL Hansen's Disease Center, Louisiana State University, US Public Health Service, Baton Rouge 70894, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 133 EP - 135 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Penicillins KW - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Sulbactam KW - S4TF6I2330 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- microbiology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Mice KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Penicillins -- pharmacology KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Mycobacterium -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Sulbactam -- pharmacology KW - Ampicillin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69346269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+action+of+ampicillin%2Fsulbactam+against+intracellular+mycobacteria.&rft.au=Prabhakaran%2C+K%3BHarris%2C+E+B%3BRandhawa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Prabhakaran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide and noise exposure at a monster truck and motocross show. AN - 69269059; 10561874 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Morley, J C AU - Seitz, T AU - Tubbs, R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 645 EP - 655 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ventilation KW - Humans KW - Occupations KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- etiology KW - Noise, Transportation -- adverse effects KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69269059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+and+noise+exposure+at+a+monster+truck+and+motocross+show.&rft.au=Morley%2C+J+C%3BSeitz%2C+T%3BTubbs%2C+R&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part II: technical support document for ATSDR policy guideline. AN - 69268404; 10560134 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Brown, D AU - Dhara, R AU - Garrett, W AU - Hansen, H AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AU - Jordan-Izaguirre, D AU - O'Conner, R AU - Pohl, H AU - Xintaras, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 558 EP - 576 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Reference Values KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy KW - Dioxins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69268404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+dioxin-like+compounds+in+soil%2C+Part+II%3A+technical+support+document+for+ATSDR+policy+guideline.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+D%3BDhara%2C+R%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D%3BJordan-Izaguirre%2C+D%3BO%27Conner%2C+R%3BPohl%2C+H%3BXintaras%2C+C&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil, Part I: ATSDR policy guideline. AN - 69267405; 10560133 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Brown, D AU - Dhara, R AU - Garrett, W AU - Hansen, H AU - Holler, J AU - Jones, D AU - Jordan-Izaguirre, D AU - O'Conner, R AU - Pohl, H AU - Xintaras, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy KW - Dioxins -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69267405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Dioxin+and+dioxin-like+compounds+in+soil%2C+Part+I%3A+ATSDR+policy+guideline.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BBrown%2C+D%3BDhara%2C+R%3BGarrett%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J%3BJones%2C+D%3BJordan-Izaguirre%2C+D%3BO%27Conner%2C+R%3BPohl%2C+H%3BXintaras%2C+C&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of chemical carcinogen-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the primary rat hepatocytes. AN - 69233677; 10549574 AB - Modulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) after exposure to various chemical carcinogens was investigated in the primary rat hepatocytes. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was induced by treatment of such direct acting carcinogens as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or procarcinogens including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Unscheduled DNA synthesis was determined by measuring [methyl-3H]thymidine radioactivity incorporated into nuclear DNA of hepatocytes treated with carcinogens in the presence or absence of DHEA. Hydroxyurea (5x10(-3) M) was added to growth medium to selectively suppress normal replication. DHEA at concentrations ranging from 1x10(-6) M to 5x10(-4) M did not significantly inhibit unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by either MMS (1x10(-4) M) or EMS (1x10(-2) M). In contrast, DHEA significantly inhibited unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by BaP (6.5x10(-5) M) and DMBA (2x10(-5) M). DHEA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an indicator of cytotoxicity. DHEA exhibit no significant increase in LDH release compared with the solvent control at 18 h. These data suggest that nontoxic concentration of DHEA does not affect the DNA excision repair process, but it probably influence the enzymatic system responsible for the metabolic activation of procarcinogens and thereby decreases the amount of the effective DNA adducts formed by the ultimate reactive carcinogenic species. JF - Archives of pharmacal research AU - Kim, S H AU - Han, H M AU - Kang, S Y AU - Jung, K K AU - Kim, T G AU - Oh, H Y AU - Lee, Y K AU - Rheu, H M AD - Department of Pharmacology, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Eunpyunggu, Seoul. biolam@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 474 EP - 478 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0253-6269, 0253-6269 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone KW - 459AG36T1B KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69233677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+chemical+carcinogen-induced+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis+by+dehydroepiandrosterone+%28DHEA%29+in+the+primary+rat+hepatocytes.&rft.au=Kim%2C+S+H%3BHan%2C+H+M%3BKang%2C+S+Y%3BJung%2C+K+K%3BKim%2C+T+G%3BOh%2C+H+Y%3BLee%2C+Y+K%3BRheu%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pharmacal+research&rft.issn=02536269&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in rabbit kidney protein expression following lead exposure as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AN - 69227406; 10546836 AB - It was recently reported that low blood lead levels impaired kidney function in men. To develop a set of molecular markers of renal lead exposure and effect, we investigated changes in renal protein expression while approximating occupational lead exposure at subchronic, low blood levels. Lead was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 microg/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposure did not affect kidney or body weights. The effect of increasing blood lead on protein expression was evaluated in rabbit kidney by large-scale two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant quantitative changes (p < 0.05) occurred in a dose-related manner in 12 proteins at 20 microg/dL exposure, 25 at 40 microg/dL, and 102 at 80 microg/dL. At a higher level of significance (p < 0.001), 40 microg/dL blood lead resulted in one protein alteration and 80 microg/dL affected 14 proteins. A set of quantitatively altered charge variants was tentatively identified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), based on similar observations in rodents subjected to short-term, very high lead exposure. The significance of the protein alterations observed as markers of toxicity awaits their conclusive identification. Investigation of the kidney 2-DE profile in lead-exposed rabbit may be useful in understanding the mechanism of lead nephrotoxicity in humans. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Kanitz, M H AU - Witzmann, F A AU - Zhu, H AU - Fultz, C D AU - Skaggs, S AU - Moorman, W J AU - Savage, R E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, Experimental Toxicology Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. mhk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 2977 EP - 2985 VL - 20 IS - 14 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Rabbits KW - Male KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Lead -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69227406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+rabbit+kidney+protein+expression+following+lead+exposure+as+analyzed+by+two-dimensional+gel+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Kanitz%2C+M+H%3BWitzmann%2C+F+A%3BZhu%2C+H%3BFultz%2C+C+D%3BSkaggs%2C+S%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Kanitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting potential teratogenic alkaloids from blue cohosh rhizomes using an in vitro rat embryo culture. AN - 69224298; 10543898 AB - The novel alkaloid thalictroidine (1), as well as the known alkaloids taspine (2), magnoflorine (3), anagyrine (4), baptifoline (5), 5,6-dehydro-alpha-isolupanine (6), alpha-isolupanine (7), lupanine (8), N-methylcytisine (9), and sparteine (10), were identified from an extract of Caulophyllum thalictroides rhizomes. N-Methylcytisine exhibited teratogenic activity in the rat embryo culture (REC), an in vitro method to detect potential teratogens. The structure of 1 was elucidated using various spectroscopic methods, primarily by NMR techniques. Thalictroidine, anagyrine, and alpha-isolupanine were not teratogenic in the REC at tested concentrations. Taspine (2) showed high embryotoxicity, but no teratogenic activity, in the REC. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Kennelly, E J AU - Flynn, T J AU - Mazzola, E P AU - Roach, J A AU - McCloud, T G AU - Danford, D E AU - Betz, J M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. kennelly@alpha.lehman.cuny.edu Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1385 EP - 1389 VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Teratogens -- pharmacology KW - Teratogens -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Plants, Medicinal -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69224298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Detecting+potential+teratogenic+alkaloids+from+blue+cohosh+rhizomes+using+an+in+vitro+rat+embryo+culture.&rft.au=Kennelly%2C+E+J%3BFlynn%2C+T+J%3BMazzola%2C+E+P%3BRoach%2C+J+A%3BMcCloud%2C+T+G%3BDanford%2C+D+E%3BBetz%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Kennelly&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of longwall methane emissions; an evaluation of the influence of mining practices on gas emissions and methane control systems AN - 50319940; 2001-001319 JF - Report of Investigations - NIOSH AU - Diamond, William P AU - Garcia, Fred Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 32 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. KW - mining KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - methane KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - statistical analysis KW - coal mines KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - prediction KW - alkanes KW - measurement KW - human ecology KW - gases KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - sedimentary rocks KW - longwall mining KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - hydrocarbons KW - regression analysis KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50319940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Diamond%2C+William+P%3BGarcia%2C+Fred&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Prediction+of+longwall+methane+emissions%3B+an+evaluation+of+the+influence+of+mining+practices+on+gas+emissions+and+methane+control+systems&rft.title=Prediction+of+longwall+methane+emissions%3B+an+evaluation+of+the+influence+of+mining+practices+on+gas+emissions+and+methane+control+systems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 12 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05111 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; case studies; coal; coal mines; gases; geologic hazards; human ecology; hydrocarbons; longwall mining; measurement; methane; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; organic compounds; prediction; regression analysis; sedimentary rocks; statistical analysis; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Auckland AN - 21088504; 11130345 AB - Objective: To identify major risk factors for Yersinia enterocolitica {YE) and identify measures to reduce YE infections. Methods: A prospective case control study, group age matched, using 186 cases of YE identified by community pathology laboratories and 379 randomly selected controls. Conducted between April 1995 and June 1996 in Auckland, New Zealand. Face-to-face interviews used a standardised questionnaire examining exposures to factors potentially associated with YE infections including untreated water, unreticulated sewerage, consumption of selected foods, selected food handling practices and socio-demographic factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the potential risk factors. Population attributable risk (RAR) was calculated for significant exposures. Results: Having more than two people living in the home was more common among cases than controls (OR=2.2). Town supply water (OR=0.2), reticulated sewerage (OR=0.34) and looking after a young child (OR=0.51) were significantly less common. Of the meats, only pork (OR=1.34) had a higher consumption rate, while bacon (OR=0.75) and smallgoods (OR=0.73) were consumed less frequently by cases than controls. Eating food from a sandwich bar was more frequent among cases (OR=1.18). Fruit and vegetable consumption was marginally less (OR=0.98). The population attributable risk of these factors was 0.89, implying that 89% of YE would be eliminated if adverse exposures were removed. Conclusions: The risk of YE illness is increased by contact with untreated water, unreticulated sewerage and consumption of pork. Investigation of non-town water supply, informal sewerage systems and methods of preparation and consumption of pork are recommended to determine how YE enters the human food chain. JF - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health AU - Satterthwaite, Peter AU - Pritchard, Kathy AU - Floyd, Diane AU - Law, Bonnie AD - Auckland Public Health Service, New Zealand., peter.satterthwaite@bigfoot.com Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 482 EP - 485 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1326-0200, 1326-0200 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Inventories KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - Food chains KW - Food KW - Pork KW - Infection KW - Water supplies KW - Bacon KW - Food selection KW - Public health KW - Meat KW - Food consumption KW - Risk factors KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21088504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica+infections+in+Auckland&rft.au=Satterthwaite%2C+Peter%3BPritchard%2C+Kathy%3BFloyd%2C+Diane%3BLaw%2C+Bonnie&rft.aulast=Satterthwaite&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=13260200&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-842X.1999.tb01303.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Inventories; Vegetables; Food chains; Food; Pork; Infection; Bacon; Water supplies; Public health; Food selection; Meat; Food consumption; Risk factors; Yersinia enterocolitica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01303.x ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Dietary Strategy to Maximize Bone Mass in United States Naval Academy Midshipmen AN - 18146910; 4831126 AB - The overall objective of this research is to develop dietary methods to increase bone mass in young men and women in order to reduce the incidence of stress fractures during physical training and the incidence of osteoporotic fracture later in life. The study evaluates the efficacy and safety of two different types of dietary interventions to promote gain in bone mass at several skeletal sites in young Naval Academy Midshipmen. The dietary interventions optimize different nutritional factors, not just calcium intake, and enable us to examine the effect of maximizing all the nutrients essential for both bone matrix formation and bone mineralization under the conditions of usual dietary intake at the Naval Academy. The youngest Midshipmen were recruited because they have the greatest potential for bone accretion, consequently recruitment was coordinated with the initiation of the class of 2003. The beginning phase of recruitment and baseline measurement of bone mineral density parameters and estimates of dietary intake that are needed to randomize the subjects to treatment groups started in July 1999. To date, we have recruited and scanned approximately 100 Midshipmen. The two year dietary intervention phase will start in early 2000. Midshipmen will be randomized to groups consuming daily either a calcium supplement or a placebo and either a fortified protein and energy bar or its placebo. Contracts for the development and production of the two different dietary supplements and their respective placebos are under negotiation with the U.S. Army Combat Feeding Center, Natick Soldier Center, SBCCOM, Natick, MA. AU - Calvo, M Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 29 KW - Physical Education Index KW - ADA372719 KW - Bones KW - Injuries KW - Training KW - Diet KW - Military KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18146910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Physical+Education+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Calvo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Dietary+Strategy+to+Maximize+Bone+Mass+in+United+States+Naval+Academy+Midshipmen&rft.title=Dietary+Strategy+to+Maximize+Bone+Mass+in+United+States+Naval+Academy+Midshipmen&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from NTIS: 1-800-553-NTIS (USA); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of Doxepin by Cunninghamella elegans AN - 17665451; 4752497 AB - A filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245, was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to biotransform doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant drug. Doxepin is produced as an 85:15% mixture of the trans- (E) and cis- (Z) forms. After 96 h of incubation in Sabouraud dextrose broth, 28% of the drug was metabolized to 16 metabolites. No change in the trans- (E) and cis- (Z) ratio of doxepin was observed. Metabolites were isolated by reversed phase HPLC and identified by super(1)H NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. The major metabolites were (E)-2-hydroxydoxepin, (E)-3-hydroxydoxepin, (Z)-8-hydroxydoxepin, (E)-2-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-3-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-4-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (Z)-and (E)-8-hydroxy-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-N-acetyl-N-desmethyldoxepin, (E)-N-desmethyl-N-formyldoxepin, (E)-N-acetyldidesmethyldoxepin, (E)-and (Z)-doxepin-N-oxide, and (E)- and (Z)-N-desmethyldoxepin. Six of the metabolites produced by C. elegans were essentially similar to those obtained in human metabolism studies, although nine novel metabolites were identified. JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition AU - Moody, J D AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology and Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1157 EP - 1164 VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - biotransformation KW - doxepin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Drug metabolism KW - Tricyclic antidepressants KW - Metabolites KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17665451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+Doxepin+by+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Moody%2C+J+D%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cunninghamella elegans; Tricyclic antidepressants; Metabolites; Drug metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoimmunity and Risk Assessment AN - 17475552; 4677001 AB - Among the issues dealing with identifying potential adverse immunologic effects (i.e., suppression, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity) associated with xenobiotic exposure, general agreement exists among the regulatory and pharmaceutical communities that predictive tests for autoimmunity are in most need of development in order to improve risk assessment. The estimation of risk (i.e., the probability of a deleterious effect resulting from exposure) involves both the qualitative evaluation of whether a hazard exists and the quantitative evaluation for determining an acceptable level of exposure in humans. Unless adequate human data are available, which is uncommon, this is based on animal studies. Although animal models exist to study autoimmune processes, these models do not readily lend themselves to interpretation in the risk assessment process due, for the most part, to the complexity of autoimmune disease(s), as they are multifactorial and exhibit genetic heterogeneity in humans. To improve the risk assessment process, researchers must develop and validate animal models that not only incorporate mechanistic information into the assessment process but also allow for consideration of potent genetic, physiologic, and environmental influences. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R AU - Matheson, J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, 1095 Wlllowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, myl6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 679 EP - 680 VL - 107 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - animal models KW - immunology KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Reviews KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - Autoimmunity KW - Xenobiotics KW - Environmental factors KW - F 06874:General KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17475552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Autoimmunity+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R%3BMatheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Linking Environmental Agents to Autoimmune Diseases. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Autoimmunity; Reviews; Autoimmune diseases; Environmental factors; Xenobiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated TCDD in Chicken Eggs and Farm-Raised Catfish Fed a Diet with Ball Clay from a Southern United States Mine AN - 17430564; 4646525 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) terminated the use of ball clay from a mine in Mississippi as an additive in animal feed after discovering nanogram per gram concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The FDA collected chicken eggs and farm-raised catfish in affected areas and throughout the remaining continental United States to assess levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. A new method using quadrupole ion storage tandem-in-time mass spectrometry (QISTMS) measured the 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels in 42 catfish fillet composites, 3 Tilapia fillet composites, 46 chicken egg samples, and 6 chicken feeds. Six catfish composites and 20 egg samples had 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations significantly above 1.0 pg/g wet weight of fillet or whole egg. Farm-raised catfish not exposed to feed containing ball clay had a mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of 0.12 pg/g. The TCDD isomer pattern in ball clay differed from the TCDD isomer pattern in a fly ash sample and from the "chick edema factor" TCDD pattern in a sample of reference toxic fat used as a feed ingredient in the 1950s. JF - Environmental Research AU - Hayward, D G AU - Nortrup, D AU - Gardner, A AU - Clower, M Jr AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street SW, Washington, 20204, DC, dhayward@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 248 EP - 256 PB - Academic Press VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - African mouthbrooders KW - Bullhead catfishes KW - North american freshwater catfishes KW - Tilapia KW - USA, Food and Drug Administration KW - USA, Mississippi KW - ball clay KW - catfish KW - chickens KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Human food KW - Government policy KW - Aquaculture KW - Eggs KW - Public health KW - Feed composition KW - Clays KW - Food additives KW - Public Health KW - Fish fillets KW - Diets KW - Ictaluridae KW - Clay KW - Government policies KW - TCDD KW - Fly ash KW - Coal Mining KW - Mines KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Pesticides KW - Mining KW - Feeds KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17430564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Elevated+TCDD+in+Chicken+Eggs+and+Farm-Raised+Catfish+Fed+a+Diet+with+Ball+Clay+from+a+Southern+United+States+Mine&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D+G%3BNortrup%2C+D%3BGardner%2C+A%3BClower%2C+M+Jr&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fenrs.1999.3976 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Bioaccumulation; Human food; Pesticides; Fly ash; Fish fillets; Clays; Feed composition; Public health; Food additives; Government policy; TCDD; Mines; Aquaculture; Eggs; Feeds; Clay; Government policies; Mining; Public Health; Coal Mining; Ictaluridae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.3976 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial competition: effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes AN - 17382610; 4608239 AB - Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was cultured alone and in coculture with Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 33231 to characterize quantitatively the effects of microbial competition on the growth of this psychrotrophic pathogen. The bacteria were cultured in brain-heart infusion broth (BHI), using a 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 complete factorial design to assess the impact of temperature (4, 12, 19 degree C), initial pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0), and sodium chloride content (5, 25, 45 gl super(-1)) on the interaction between the two micro-organisms. Samples were periodically plated on BHI agar and Vogel Johnson agar to obtain total counts and L. monocytogenes counts, respectively. Growth curves were generated by fitting the data to the Gompertz equation, and the derived growth kinetics were compared. WhenP. fluorescens did influence the growth of L. monocytogenes, the primary effect was a suppression of the maximum population density (MPD) reached by the pathogen. Suppression of L. monocytogenes was generally associated with low incubation temperatures (4 degree C) and sodium chloride levels (5 and 25 gl super(-1)). Slight increases (<1.0 log cfu ml super(-1)) in the MPD attained by L. monocytogenes were observed when grown in the presence of P. fluorescens at higher temperatures (12 and 19 degree C) and sodium chloride levels (25 and 45 gl super(-1)) when the pH was 5.0. The current study supports earlier work that indicates that reliance on microbial competition as a barrier to control L. monocytogenes in refrigerated foods will require detailed knowledge of how the interaction between the pathogen and the microflora is affected by environmental and food characteristics such as storage temperature, pH, and water activity. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Bagi, L K AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C-Street, SW, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 523 EP - 529 PB - Academic Press VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - growth KW - competition KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Refrigeration KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Psychrotrophic bacteria KW - Food contamination KW - Competition KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+competition%3A+effect+of+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+on+the+growth+of+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BBagi%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1998.0264 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Competition; Refrigeration; Psychrotrophic bacteria; Food contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1998.0264 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pH-dependent, stationary phase acid resistance on the thermal tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 17380061; 4608231 AB - The ability of pH-dependent, stationary phase acid resistance to cross-protect Escherichia coli O157:H7 against a subsequent lethal thermal stress was evaluated using microbiological media and three liquid foods. Three strains were grown for 18 h at 37 degree C in acidogenic (TSB+G, final pH 4.6-4.7) and non-acidogenic (TSB-G, final pH 7.0-7.2) media to provide stationary phase cells with and without induction of pH-dependent acid resistance. The cells were then heated in BHI broth (pH 6.0) at 58 degree C, using a submerged coil apparatus. The TSB+G grown strains had greatly increased heat resistance, with the heating time needed to achieve a five-log inactivation, being increased two- to four-fold. The z -values of TSB+G and TSB-G grown cells were 4.7 degree C and 4.3 degree C, respectively. Increases in heat resistance with TSB+G-grown E. coli O157:H7 were also observed using milk and chicken broth, but not with apple juice. However, cross-protection was restored if the pH of the apple juice was increased from 3.5 to 4.5. The data indicate that pH-dependent acid resistance provides E. coli O157:H7 with cross-protection against heat treatments, and that this factor must be considered to estimate this pathogen's thermal tolerance accurately. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AD - US, Food and Drug Administration, Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C-Street, SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA., rbuchana@bangate.fdagov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 447 EP - 458 PB - Academic Press VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Heat tolerance KW - Escherichia coli KW - Thermal stability KW - Acidity KW - pH effects KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pH-dependent%2C+stationary+phase+acid+resistance+on+the+thermal+tolerance+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.1998.0260 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; pH effects; Food processing; Thermal stability; Acidity; Heat tolerance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1998.0260 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decontaminating particles exposed to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) AN - 17302500; 4575863 AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which comes from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, can stimulate murine macrophage cells to produce nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukins, such as IL-6. When examining the biological effects of particles on macrophages, it is important to have no contaminating LPS associated with the particles and none with any cell culture media or supplies since even very low levels of LPS are stimulatory. The presence or absence of LPS was observed in two ways: (1) the amount of NO produced by RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, and (2) the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Treating particles with 70% ethanol at room temperature for 48 h, followed by washing the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles with endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline three times, decontaminated LPS and LPS-treated PMMA particles. When given LPS that had been treated with 70% ethanol for 48 h at room temperature or at 37 degree C, cells did not produce NO above control levels. Negative LAL tests indicated the presence of extremely low levels or the complete absence of LPS in 70% ethanol-treated LPS. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research AU - Hitchins, V M AU - Merritt, K AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, HFZ-112, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1999/09/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 05 SP - 434 EP - 437 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Macrophages KW - Endotoxins KW - Contamination KW - Toxins KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Nitric oxide KW - A 01023:Others KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17302500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research&rft.atitle=Decontaminating+particles+exposed+to+bacterial+endotoxin+%28LPS%29&rft.au=Hitchins%2C+V+M%3BMerritt%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hitchins&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-05&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4636%2819990905%2946%3A33.3.CO%3B2-C LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Toxins; Contamination; Lipopolysaccharides; Nitric oxide; Macrophages; Gram-negative bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19990905)46:3<434::AID-JBM17>3.3.CO;2-C ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant properties of aspirin: Characterization of the ability of aspirin to inhibit silica-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, NF-B activation, and TNF-a production AN - 839697095; 13863302 AB - Electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to investigate the reaction of aspirin toward reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (.OH), superoxide radicals ( sub(O2) super(-)) and H sub(2)O sub(2). The Fenton reaction (Fe(II) + H sub(2)O sub(2) ---> FE(III) + -OH + OR) was used as a source of -OH radicals. The results show that aspirin is an efficient -OH radical scavenger with a reaction rate constant of k = 3.6 x 10 super(10) M super(-1)sec super(-1), which is faster than several well established antioxidants, such as ascorbate, glutathione and cysteine. However, aspirin is not a good scavenger for sub(O2) super(-) or H sub(2)O sub(2). Through its antioxidant property, aspirin exhibited a protective effect against silica-induced lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage. Aspirin also inhibited the activation of nuclear transcription factor-b induced by silica, lipopolysaccharide or the transition metal, Fe(II), as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results show that aspirin functions as an antioxidant via its ability to scavenge -OH radicals. This antioxidant property may explain some of its various physiological and pharmacological actions. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Ding, Min AU - Dong, Zigang AU - Chen, Fei AU - Ye, Jiangping AU - Wang, Suwei AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Castronova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 93 EP - 102 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 199 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Antioxidants KW - Glutathione KW - Free radicals KW - Transition metals KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Electrophoretic mobility KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Ascorbic acid KW - NF- Kappa B protein KW - DNA damage KW - Silica KW - Aspirin KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Cysteine KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Superoxide KW - NF-B protein KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor necrosis factor- alpha KW - Radicals KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839697095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+properties+of+aspirin%3A+Characterization+of+the+ability+of+aspirin+to+inhibit+silica-induced+lipid+peroxidation%2C+DNA+damage%2C+NF-B+activation%2C+and+TNF-a+production&rft.au=Shi%2C+Xianglin%3BDing%2C+Min%3BDong%2C+Zigang%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BYe%2C+Jiangping%3BWang%2C+Suwei%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BCastronova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Xianglin&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006934612368 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antioxidants; Glutathione; Free radicals; Transition metals; Electrophoretic mobility; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Lipid peroxidation; NF- Kappa B protein; Ascorbic acid; DNA damage; Silica; Reactive oxygen species; Aspirin; Hydrogen peroxide; Cysteine; Superoxide; NF-B protein; Lipopolysaccharides; Tumor necrosis factor- alpha; Radicals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006934612368 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the functional integrity of the humoral immune response: the plaque-forming cell assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 70854573; 10525432 AB - The plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) appear to have comparable sensitivity and reproducibility for measuring IgM antibody production in mice and rats immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBCs). Both assays can be manipulated, with respect to the immunizing antigen (e.g., T-dependent vs T-independent antigen), to provide evidence as to which cell type(s) may be adversely affected by a given compound. However, the PFC assay has more utility in dissecting out the target cell(s) involved. Since both the PFC assay and the ELISA may be readily conducted in the rat, it is feasible to incorporate either of these assays into standard acute and repeat dose toxicology studies. This may be accomplished by inclusion of satellite groups in the study. However, it has been suggested that the primary antibody response to sRBCs, as measured by an ELISA, may also be evaluated in the main group of animals in a toxicology study without compromise to the integrity of other toxicological endpoints (e.g., hematology, clinical chemistry, histopathology). Both approaches will provide a more extensive delineation of the safety profile of a drug or chemical. The latter approach will also reduce the number of animals needed and the cost of the study. JF - Methods (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Wilson, S D AU - Munson, A E AU - Meade, B J AD - Division of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Ophthalmic Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, HFD-550, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. wilsonsu@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3 EP - 7 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1046-2023, 1046-2023 KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Mice KW - Immunoglobulin M -- biosynthesis KW - Immunization KW - Erythrocytes -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Hemolytic Plaque Technique -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antibody Formation KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70854573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+functional+integrity+of+the+humoral+immune+response%3A+the+plaque-forming+cell+assay+and+the+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+S+D%3BMunson%2C+A+E%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10462023&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous occupational exposure and lung disease among nylon flock workers. AN - 70850704; 10519816 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Burkhart, J AU - Jones, W AU - Porter, D W AU - Washko, R M AU - Eschenbacher, W L AU - Castellan, R M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jeb7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 145 EP - 146 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Nylons KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Nylons -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Hazardous+occupational+exposure+and+lung+disease+among+nylon+flock+workers.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BWashko%2C+R+M%3BEschenbacher%2C+W+L%3BCastellan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farm work planning simulation in multi-media: A comparative evaluation. AN - 70850535; 10519805 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Britt, M AU - Chrislip, D AU - Bayer, S AU - Cole, H AU - Kidd, P AU - Parshall, M AU - Isaacs, S AU - Struttman, T AU - Colligan, M AU - Scharf, T AD - Education and Information Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1988, USA. ZHD6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 113 EP - 115 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Kentucky KW - Safety Management -- economics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent KW - Accidents, Occupational -- economics KW - Wounds and Injuries -- economics KW - Agriculture -- economics KW - Computer Simulation KW - Multimedia KW - Financial Management -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Farm+work+planning+simulation+in+multi-media%3A+A+comparative+evaluation.&rft.au=Britt%2C+M%3BChrislip%2C+D%3BBayer%2C+S%3BCole%2C+H%3BKidd%2C+P%3BParshall%2C+M%3BIsaacs%2C+S%3BStruttman%2C+T%3BColligan%2C+M%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solid-phase extraction method for patulin in apple juice and unfiltered apple juice. AN - 70843865; 10513012 AB - Patulin, a mold metabolite, is commonly found in rotting apples. Some countries regulate patulin at levels ranging from 30 to 50 micrograms/L. Most analytical methods for patulin in apple juice include liquid-liquid partitions. A solid-phase extraction method has been developed for apple juice and unfiltered apple juice in the United States. A portion of the test sample (5 mL) was passed through a macroporous copolymer cartridge and was washed with 1 mL 1% sodium bicarbonate and then with 1 mL 1% acetic acid. Patulin was eluted with 3 mL 2% acetonitrile in anhydrous ethyl ether and was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection at 276 nm. Recoveries ranged from 93 to 104% in test samples spiked at 20-100 micrograms/L. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Tang, Y AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1109 EP - 1113 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Food Contamination KW - Rosales -- chemistry KW - Patulin -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70843865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Solid-phase+extraction+method+for+patulin+in+apple+juice+and+unfiltered+apple+juice.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BTang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Danger of drilling into sealed and filled plow frames. AN - 70841310; 10519804 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Zlochower, I A AU - Ehlers, J J AD - Pittsburgh Research Lab, Mine Safety & Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA 45213, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 110 EP - 112 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Gases KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Blast Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Blast Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Burns -- prevention & control KW - Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70841310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Danger+of+drilling+into+sealed+and+filled+plow+frames.&rft.au=Zlochower%2C+I+A%3BEhlers%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Zlochower&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium contamination inside vehicles of machine shop workers. AN - 70841211; 10519791 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Martyny, J AU - Ellis, K AU - Mroz, M M AU - Newman, L S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. WTS1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 72 EP - 74 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Family KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Berylliosis -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Berylliosis -- prevention & control KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Automobiles KW - Beryllium -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70841211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Beryllium+contamination+inside+vehicles+of+machine+shop+workers.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BMartyny%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+K%3BMroz%2C+M+M%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Permea-Tec pads as new technology for the detection of chemical breakthrough in PPC. AN - 70835238; 10519810 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - El-Ayouby, N S AU - Berardinelli, S P AU - Hall, R C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. nae7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 128 EP - 129 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Capsules KW - Ethylamines KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Solvents KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Ethylamines -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Permea-Tec+pads+as+new+technology+for+the+detection+of+chemical+breakthrough+in+PPC.&rft.au=El-Ayouby%2C+N+S%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P%3BHall%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=El-Ayouby&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a preventive message in the organizational context: occupational latex allergy in hospitals. AN - 70835195; 10519809 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Maxfield, A M AU - Lewis, M J AU - Tisdale, J A AU - Lachenmayr, S AU - Lum, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Health Communications, Washington, DC 20201, USA. aqm6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 125 EP - 127 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Organizational Policy KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+preventive+message+in+the+organizational+context%3A+occupational+latex+allergy+in+hospitals.&rft.au=Maxfield%2C+A+M%3BLewis%2C+M+J%3BTisdale%2C+J+A%3BLachenmayr%2C+S%3BLum%2C+M&rft.aulast=Maxfield&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of a changing U.S. workforce on the occupational injury and illness experience. AN - 70834711; 10519768 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Biddle, E A AU - Blanciforti, L A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. egb6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 7 EP - 10 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Impact+of+a+changing+U.S.+workforce+on+the+occupational+injury+and+illness+experience.&rft.au=Biddle%2C+E+A%3BBlanciforti%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting system interactions in the design process. AN - 70834130; 10519786 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steiner, L AU - Cornelius, K AU - Turin, F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Office for Mine Safety and Health Research Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. LNS6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 58 EP - 60 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Coal Mining KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Safety Management KW - Systems Integration KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Workplace KW - Systems Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70834130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Predicting+system+interactions+in+the+design+process.&rft.au=Steiner%2C+L%3BCornelius%2C+K%3BTurin%2C+F&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface haulage truck research. AN - 70832935; 10519789 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Boldt, C M AU - Backer, R R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. ctb@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 66 EP - 68 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Research KW - Equipment Failure KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Transportation KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70832935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Surface+haulage+truck+research.&rft.au=Boldt%2C+C+M%3BBacker%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Boldt&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community Partners for Healthy Farming: involving communities in intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. AN - 70831908; 10519803 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ehlers, J AU - Palermo, T AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jje0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 107 EP - 109 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Program Evaluation KW - Safety Management KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Health Promotion KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Community Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70831908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Community+Partners+for+Healthy+Farming%3A+involving+communities+in+intervention+planning%2C+implementation%2C+and+evaluation.&rft.au=Ehlers%2C+J%3BPalermo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ehlers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A workplace safety device for operators of remote-controlled continuous mining machines. AN - 70829687; 10519790 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Schiffbauer, W H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, PA 15236, USA. wcs7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 69 EP - 71 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Workplace KW - Robotics -- instrumentation KW - Mining -- instrumentation KW - Protective Devices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70829687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+workplace+safety+device+for+operators+of+remote-controlled+continuous+mining+machines.&rft.au=Schiffbauer%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Schiffbauer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Young workers at risk when working in agricultural production. AN - 70829598; 10519777 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hard, D AU - Myers, J AU - Snyder, K AU - Casini, V AU - Morton, L AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 31 EP - 33 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70829598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Young+workers+at+risk+when+working+in+agricultural+production.&rft.au=Hard%2C+D%3BMyers%2C+J%3BSnyder%2C+K%3BCasini%2C+V%3BMorton%2C+L%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro toxicity of silica substitutes used for abrasive blasting. AN - 70827546; 10519821 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Blake, T AU - Leonard, S AU - Greskevitch, M AU - Jones, W AU - Pack, D AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Miller, W AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. VAV1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 158 EP - 160 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Minerals -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Silicosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70827546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=In+vitro+toxicity+of+silica+substitutes+used+for+abrasive+blasting.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BBlake%2C+T%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BGreskevitch%2C+M%3BJones%2C+W%3BPack%2C+D%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BMiller%2C+W%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cold-related non-fatal injuries in Alaska. AN - 70822650; 10519780 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Conway, G A AU - Husberg, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Alaska Field Station, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. GOC1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 39 EP - 41 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Immersion Foot -- epidemiology KW - Hypothermia -- epidemiology KW - Immersion Foot -- prevention & control KW - Immersion Foot -- etiology KW - Hypothermia -- etiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Hypothermia -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Male KW - Frostbite -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Frostbite -- etiology KW - Frostbite -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cold Climate -- adverse effects KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cold-related+non-fatal+injuries+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BHusberg%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury fatalities among older workers in the United States, 1980-1994. AN - 70822599; 10519774 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kisner, S M AU - Pratt, S G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. smm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 24 EP - 25 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+fatalities+among+older+workers+in+the+United+States%2C+1980-1994.&rft.au=Kisner%2C+S+M%3BPratt%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Kisner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced particle filtration in a non-problem office environment: preliminary results from a double-blind crossover intervention study. AN - 70822078; 10519785 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mendell, M J AU - Fisk, W J AU - Dong, M X AU - Petersen, M AU - Hines, C J AU - Faulkner, D AU - Deddens, J A AU - Ruder, A M AU - Sullivan, D AU - Boeniger, M F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. mfm0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 55 EP - 57 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Ventilation -- instrumentation KW - Ultrafiltration -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Dust -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70822078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Enhanced+particle+filtration+in+a+non-problem+office+environment%3A+preliminary+results+from+a+double-blind+crossover+intervention+study.&rft.au=Mendell%2C+M+J%3BFisk%2C+W+J%3BDong%2C+M+X%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BHines%2C+C+J%3BFaulkner%2C+D%3BDeddens%2C+J+A%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BSullivan%2C+D%3BBoeniger%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Mendell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ambient aerosol for testing agricultural cabs for protection against pesticide aerosol. AN - 70816159; 10519792 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Hall, R M AU - Reed, L D AU - Gibbons, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. wah2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 75 EP - 76 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Transportation -- instrumentation KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70816159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Use+of+ambient+aerosol+for+testing+agricultural+cabs+for+protection+against+pesticide+aerosol.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BHall%2C+R+M%3BReed%2C+L+D%3BGibbons%2C+D&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor alpha and toxicology. AN - 70815626; 10521134 AB - The molecular cloning of a group of proteins, collectively referred to as cytokines, and including interleukins, chemokines, growth factors, colony stimulating factors, and tumor necrosis factors, has allowed for the increased understanding of the mechanisms for many disease processes as well as provided strategies for the development of novel therapies. Conceptually similar to hormones and peptides, this group of phylogenetically related molecules are also involved in various toxicological processes, including apoptosis, cell repair, and in particular inflammation. In this review, we offer a description of what many believe represents the primary regulatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and its role in toxicological processes. For over a decade it has been suspected that this molecule helps mediate the shock state induced by bacterial endotoxin and the wasting diathesis that typifies chronic diseases. Advances in molecular biology that have provided tools to modulate TNFalpha regulation and synthesis have allowed for the identification of additional roles for TNFalpha in homeostasis, cellular damage, and repair. This review provides a brief summary of our understanding of TNFalpha biology followed by a discussion of its role in toxicological responses. This is followed by specific examples of organ-specific and tissue-specific responses to chemical damage where TNFalpha has been implicated. The review concludes with a review of its implication in human risk assessment, particularly as it relates to genetic polymorphisms of TNFalpha expression and disease susceptibility. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Luster, M I AU - Simeonova, P P AU - Gallucci, R AU - Matheson, J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. my16@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 491 EP - 511 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Diseases -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Skin Diseases -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- metabolism KW - Skin Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- metabolism KW - Liver Diseases -- metabolism KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- physiology KW - Toxicology KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70815626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+and+toxicology.&rft.au=Luster%2C+M+I%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P%3BGallucci%2C+R%3BMatheson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines by enzymatic reduction of the N-hydroxy derivative. AN - 70809047; 10503898 AB - The metabolic activation pathways associated with carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines have long been known to involve N-oxidation, catalyzed primarily by cytochrome P4501A2, and subsequent O-esterification, often catalyzed by acetyltransferases (NATs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs). We have found a new enzymatic mechanism of carcinogen detoxification: a microsomal NADH-dependent reductase that rapidly converts the N-hydroxy arylamine back to the parent amine. The following N-OH-arylamines and N-OH-heterocyclic amines were rapidly reduced by both human and rat liver microsomes: NOH-4-aminoazobenzene, N-OH-4-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP), N-OH-aniline, N-OH-2-naphthylamine, N-OH-2-aminofluorene, N-OH-4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (N-OH-MOCA), N-OH-1-naphthyamine, N-OH-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), N-OH-2-amino-alpha-carboline (N-OH-AalphaC), N-OH-2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (N-OH-MeIQx), and N-OH-2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (N-OH-IQ). In addition, primary rat hepatocytes and human HepG2 cells efficiently reduced N-OH-PhIP to PhIP. This previously unrecognized detoxification pathway may limit the bioavailability of carcinogenic N-OH heterocyclic and aromatic amines for further activation, DNA adduct formation, and carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer letters AU - King, R S AU - Teitel, C H AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Casciano, D A AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9501, USA. Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 167 EP - 171 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Imidazoles KW - Quinolines KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors KW - EC 1.5.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Quinolines -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70809047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+carcinogenic+aromatic+and+heterocyclic+amines+by+enzymatic+reduction+of+the+N-hydroxy+derivative.&rft.au=King%2C+R+S%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a combined irritancy/phenotypic analysis assay for the identification and differentiation of chemicals with the potential to elicit irritation, IgE-mediated, or T cell mediated hypersensitivity responses. AN - 70804920; 10519813 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Manetz, T S AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 136 EP - 138 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Antibody Formation -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- etiology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+combined+irritancy%2Fphenotypic+analysis+assay+for+the+identification+and+differentiation+of+chemicals+with+the+potential+to+elicit+irritation%2C+IgE-mediated%2C+or+T+cell+mediated+hypersensitivity+responses.&rft.au=Manetz%2C+T+S%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Manetz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safer mine hoisting with conveyance position and load monitoring. AN - 70804884; 10519807 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Beus, M J AU - Iverson, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. TZB7@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 119 EP - 121 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Equipment Safety KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Elevators and Escalators KW - Mining -- instrumentation KW - Safety Management KW - Weight-Bearing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Safer+mine+hoisting+with+conveyance+position+and+load+monitoring.&rft.au=Beus%2C+M+J%3BIverson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Beus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating engineering controls during asphalt paving using a portable tracer gas method. AN - 70804852; 10519793 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Mead, K R AU - Shulman, S A AU - Brumagin, T E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rlm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 77 EP - 79 VL - Suppl 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Transportation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Human Engineering KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluating+engineering+controls+during+asphalt+paving+using+a+portable+tracer+gas+method.&rft.au=Mickelsen%2C+R+L%3BMead%2C+K+R%3BShulman%2C+S+A%3BBrumagin%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Mickelsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of residues of azamethiphos in salmon tissue by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 70790236; 10513020 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence detection (FLD) is described for determining residues of the pesticide azamethiphos (AZA) in salmon tissue. The sample is extracted with ethyl acetate, centrifuged, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated, reconstituted in water, and defatted with hexane. The aqueous phase is passed through a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The SPE column is eluted with methanol, and the eluate is evaporated to dryness and then taken up in 10% acetonitrile (ACN) in water. The analyte is determined by LC using a C18 column, ACN-H2O (32 + 68) mobile phase, and FLD with excitation at 230 nm and emission at 345 nm. Composited salmon tissues were fortified with AZA at 5, 10, 21, 42, and 83 ng/g or ppb (target level, X = 10 ng/g). Overall recoveries were 86%, with between-day variability of 5.3%. The method detection limit was calculated as 1.2 ppb AZA based on a 5 g sample. The limit of quantitation as determined empirically by this method is the lower limit of the standard curve, approximately 5 ppb. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Roybal, J E AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Gonzales, S A AU - Hurlbut, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1224 EP - 1228 VL - 82 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Pesticide Residues KW - azamethiphos KW - 35575-96-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Organothiophosphates -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Salmon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70790236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+residues+of+azamethiphos+in+salmon+tissue+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Pfenning%2C+A+P%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BGonzales%2C+S+A%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Pfenning&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazards of pepper spray. AN - 70785349; 10495655 JF - North Carolina medical journal AU - Smith, C G AU - Stopford, W AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section, NC Department of Health and Human Services, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 268 EP - 274 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0029-2559, 0029-2559 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Police KW - Capsaicin -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Capsicum UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70785349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+medical+journal&rft.atitle=Health+hazards+of+pepper+spray.&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+G%3BStopford%2C+W&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+Carolina+medical+journal&rft.issn=00292559&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N C Med J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):314-5 [10581936] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of stress proteins in rat cardiac myocytes by antimony. AN - 70779050; 10495772 AB - The effects of nonlethal concentrations of potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) were examined in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. PAT (5, 10 microM) significantly increased cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and heme oxygenase activity after 18 h. GSH levels and heme oxygenase activity were increased 2.5- and 5.4-fold, respectively, by 10 microM PAT after 18 h. In addition, total cytochrome P450 levels were decreased by PAT after an 18-h exposure. PAT exposures were associated with the induction of specific stress proteins. Nonlethal concentrations of PAT produced a dose-dependent increase in HO-1, HSP70, and HSP25/27 protein levels but did not increase HSP60 levels. Pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with low concentrations of PAT (0.5-10 microM) protected against a subsequent lethal concentration of PAT (200 microM). This protection was blocked if cells were treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Results demonstrate that low concentrations of PAT increase GSH levels and stress protein synthesis, which may be responsible for the protection that low-level PAT exposure offers against the subsequent toxicity of higher concentrations of PAT. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Snawder, J E AU - Tirmenstein, M A AU - Mathias, P I AU - Toraason, M AD - Cellular Toxicology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 159 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Chaperonin 60 KW - 0 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate KW - DL6OZ476V3 KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) KW - EC 1.14.14.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Chaperonin 60 -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Blotting, Western KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Heart Ventricles -- metabolism KW - Heart Ventricles -- drug effects KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate -- toxicity KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70779050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+stress+proteins+in+rat+cardiac+myocytes+by+antimony.&rft.au=Snawder%2C+J+E%3BTirmenstein%2C+M+A%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Snawder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The use of timing behaviors in animals and humans to detect drug and/or toxicant effects. AN - 70058083; 10492384 AB - Behavioral paradigms applicable for use in both human and nonhuman subjects for investigating aspects of timing behavior are presented with a view towards exploring their strengths, weaknesses, and utility in a variety of experimental situations. Tri-peak, peak interval, differential reinforcement of low rate responding, and temporal response differentiation procedures are highlighted. In addition, the application of timing tasks in preclinical and clinical settings is discussed: pharmacological manipulations are providing information on the neurotransmitters involved and species differences; normative data for children are being developed; and noninvasive imaging procedures are being employed in adult human subjects to explore the involvement of specific brain areas. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Meck, W H AU - McMillan, D E AU - McClure, G Y AU - Bateson, M AU - Popke, E J AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Hinton, S C Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 491 EP - 502 VL - 21 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Time Perception -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70058083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+timing+behaviors+in+animals+and+humans+to+detect+drug+and%2For+toxicant+effects.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BMeck%2C+W+H%3BMcMillan%2C+D+E%3BMcClure%2C+G+Y%3BBateson%2C+M%3BPopke%2C+E+J%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BHinton%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of laser scanning confocal microscopy in the analysis of particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis. AN - 70045575; 10496684 AB - Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) allows us to simultaneously quantitate the degree of lung fibrosis and distinguish various pathological lesions of intact lung tissue. Lucifer Yellow has been shown an ideal fluorescent stain to examine the connective tissue matrix components of embedded lung tissue with LSCM. We evaluated the use of LSCM in quantitating lung fibrosis and compared this procedure with the more traditional method of assessing fibrosis by measuring hydroxyproline, a biochemical assay of collagen. CD/VAF rats were intratracheally dosed with silica (highly fibrogenic), Fe2O3 (non-fibrogenic), and saline (vehicle control) at a high dose of 10-mg/100 g body weight. At 60 days post-instillation, the left lung was dissolved in 6 M HCl and assayed for hydroxyproline. Silica induced increases of 58% and 94% in hydroxyproline content over the Fe2O3 and control groups, respectively. The right lung lobes were fixed, sectioned into blocks, dehydrated, stained with Lucifer Yellow (0.1 mg/ml), and embedded in Spurr plastic. Using LSCM and ImageSpace software, the tissue areas of ten random scans from ten blocks of tissue for each of the three groups were measured, and three-dimensional reconstructions of random areas of lung were generated. The silica group showed increases of 57% and 60% in the lung areas stained by Lucifer Yellow over the Fe2O3 and control groups, respectively. Regression analysis of hydroxyproline vs. lung tissue area demonstrated a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. Histological analysis of right lung tissue revealed a marked degree of granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis for the silica group, which was absent in the Fe2O3 and control groups. No significant differences (p < 0.05) in hydroxyproline content and measured tissue area were observed between the Fe2O3 and control groups. LSCM, and its associated advanced image analysis and three-dimensional capabilities, is an alternative method to both quickly quantitate and examine fibrotic lung disease without physical disruption of the tissue specimen. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Charron, T G AU - Roberts, J R AU - Lai, J AU - Blake, T L AU - Rogers, R A AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 126 EP - 134 VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - 0 KW - Isoquinolines KW - ferric oxide KW - 1K09F3G675 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - lucifer yellow KW - 9654F8OVKE KW - Hydroxyproline KW - RMB44WO89X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Particle Size KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Plastic Embedding KW - Male KW - Hydroxyproline -- metabolism KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Confocal -- methods KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70045575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Application+of+laser+scanning+confocal+microscopy+in+the+analysis+of+particle-induced+pulmonary+fibrosis.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BCharron%2C+T+G%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BLai%2C+J%3BBlake%2C+T+L%3BRogers%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a two-component signal transduction system from Corynebacterium diphtheriae that activates gene expression in response to the presence of heme and hemoglobin. AN - 70001920; 10464204 AB - Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, utilizes various host compounds to acquire iron. The C. diphtheriae hmuO gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme and hemoglobin as iron sources. Transcription of the hmuO gene in C. diphtheriae is controlled under a dual regulatory mechanism in which the diphtheria toxin repressor protein (DtxR) and iron repress expression while either heme or hemoglobin is needed to activate transcription. In this study, two clones isolated from a C. diphtheriae chromosomal library were shown to activate transcription from the hmuO promoter in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis revealed that these activator clones each carried distinct genes whose products had significant homology to response regulators of two-component signal transduction systems. Located upstream from each of these response regulator homologs are partial open reading frames that are predicted to encode the C-terminal portions of sensor kinases. The full-length sensor kinase gene for each of these systems was cloned from the C. diphtheriae chromosome, and constructs each carrying one complete sensor kinase gene and its cognate response regulator were constructed. One of these constructs, pTSB20, which carried the response regulator (chrA) and its cognate sensor kinase (chrS), was shown to strongly activate transcription from the hmuO promoter in a heme-dependent manner in E. coli. A mutation in chrA (chrAD50N), which changed a conserved aspartic acid residue at position 50, the presumed site of phosphorylation by ChrS, to an asparagine, abolished heme-dependent activation. These findings suggest that the sensor kinase ChrS is involved in the detection of heme and the transduction of this signal, via a phosphotransfer mechanism, to the response regulator ChrA, which then activates transcription of the hmuO promoter. This is the first report of a bacterial two-component signal transduction system that controls gene expression through a heme-responsive mechanism. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Schmitt, M P AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. schmitt@cher.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 5330 EP - 5340 VL - 181 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DegS protein, Bacteria KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Hemoglobins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Trans-Activators KW - cstA protein, E coli KW - degS protein, Escherichia coli KW - ChrA protein, Bacteria KW - 127121-16-8 KW - uhpB protein, Bacteria KW - 142845-20-3 KW - Hemin KW - 743LRP9S7N KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) KW - EC 1.14.14.18 KW - HmuO protein, bacteria KW - Phosphotransferases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Protein Kinases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Operon KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Alleles KW - Base Sequence KW - Cattle KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- metabolism KW - Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Membrane Proteins -- genetics KW - Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Trans-Activators -- genetics KW - Protein Kinases -- genetics KW - Hemin -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70001920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+two-component+signal+transduction+system+from+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+that+activates+gene+expression+in+response+to+the+presence+of+heme+and+hemoglobin.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF161328; GENBANK; AF161327 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1969 Jun;3(6):586-98 [4978942] Biochemistry. 1996 Aug 27;35(34):11053-61 [8780507] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Microbiol Rev. 1978 Mar;42(1):45-66 [379572] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Nov;18(5):814-21 [6255866] J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557-80 [6345791] Mol Gen Genet. 1984;197(2):337-41 [6097798] Eur J Biochem. 1988 Feb 1;171(3):457-61 [3345742] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(15):5968-72 [2116013] Infect Immun. 1991 Jun;59(6):1899-904 [1828057] Gene. 1991 Apr;100:195-9 [2055470] Biol Met. 1991;4(1):7-13 [1830211] Infect Immun. 1991 Nov;59(11):3903-8 [1718867] EMBO J. 1992 Dec;11(12):4359-67 [1425573] Annu Rev Genet. 1992;26:71-112 [1482126] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Apr;6(2):137-49 [8472246] Infect Immun. 1993 Oct;61(10):4033-7 [8406790] J Bacteriol. 1994 Feb;176(4):1141-9 [8106325] Mol Microbiol. 1996 May;20(4):725-39 [9026634] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1910-9 [8999880] J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(3):838-45 [9006041] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Feb;23(4):825-33 [9157252] J Bacteriol. 1997 Mar;179(6):1898-908 [9068634] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Jun;24(5):1049-60 [9220011] J Bacteriol. 1997 Sep;179(18):5903-13 [9294451] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Aug;25(3):583-95 [9302020] Infect Immun. 1997 Oct;65(10):4273-80 [9317037] Infect Immun. 1997 Nov;65(11):4634-41 [9353044] Infect Immun. 1997 Dec;65(12):5364-7 [9393842] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 9;273(2):837-41 [9422739] Met Ions Biol Syst. 1998;35:67-145 [9444760] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):1139-52 [9680204] Plant J. 1998 Jul;15(1):99-107 [9744099] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Sep;29(6):1493-507 [9781885] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Aug;13(4):719-32 [7997183] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Oct;14(2):191-7 [7830565] Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1241-5 [7890379] J Bacteriol. 1995 Jun;177(11):3004-9 [7768795] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(5):883-93 [7596290] Infect Immun. 1996 Aug;64(8):3134-41 [8757844] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Nov;18(3):383-90 [8748023] J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(11):3269-77 [8195082] Infect Immun. 1994 Jul;62(7):2885-92 [8005678] Annu Rev Nutr. 1994;14:471-93 [7946530] Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:69-94 [20040] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in Southern California children with asthma. AN - 69997682; 10464066 AB - People who live in cities with dirty air have blacker lungs than people who live in rural areas with less air pollution. This is because, although particulates larger than 10 microm are filtered out when inhaled air passes through the nose, smaller particulates reach the lower airways. The particulates that reach the alveoli (the terminal air pockets of the lungs) stay there permanently. This accounts for the fact that a person who has lived in a polluted city for many years has blacker lungs than one who has lived in a polluted city for a shorter time. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Etzel, R A AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 691 VL - 107 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Asthma -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69997682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+bronchitic+symptoms+in+Southern+California+children+with+asthma.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of propranolol blockade of adrenergic receptors and related toxicity with drugs that increase cyclic AMP. AN - 69996527; 10460701 AB - An overdose of propranolol, a widely used nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, can result in hypotension and bradycardia leading to irreversible shock and death. In addition, the blockade of adrenergic receptors can lead to alterations in neurotransmitter receptors resulting in the interruption of the activity of other second messengers and the ultimate cellular responses. In the present experiment, three agents, aminophylline, amrinone, and forskolin were tested in an attempt to reverse the potential lethal effects of a propranolol overdose in dogs. Twenty-two anesthetized beagle dogs were given a 10-min infusion of propranolol at a dose of 1 mg/kg/min. Six of the dogs, treated only with intravenous saline, served as controls. Within 15-30 min all six control dogs exhibited profound hypotension and severe bradycardia that led to cardiogenic shock and death. Seven dogs were treated with intravenous aminophylline 20 mg/kg 5 min after the end of the propranolol infusion. Within 10-15 min heart rate and systemic arterial blood pressure returned to near control levels, and all seven dogs survived. Intravenous amrinone (2-3 mg/kg) given to five dogs, and forskolin (1-2 mg/kg) given to four dogs, also increased heart rate and systemic arterial blood pressure but the recovery of these parameters was appreciably slower than that seen with aminophylline. All of these animals also survived with no apparent adverse effects. Histopathologic evaluation of the hearts of the dogs treated with aminophylline showed less damage (vacuolization, inflammation, hemorrhage) than the hearts from animals given propranolol alone. Results of this study showed that these three drugs, all of which increase cyclic AMP, are capable of reversing the otherwise lethal effects of a propranolol overdose in dogs. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Whitehurst, V E AU - Vick, J A AU - Alleva, F R AU - Zhang, J AU - Joseph, X AU - Balazs, T AD - Division of Pulmonary Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Whitehurst@CDER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 382 EP - 385 VL - 221 IS - 4 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Adrenergic Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Aminophylline KW - 27Y3KJK423 KW - Propranolol KW - 9Y8NXQ24VQ KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Amrinone KW - JUT23379TN KW - Index Medicus KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Amrinone -- pharmacology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- pathology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Aminophylline -- pharmacology KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Dogs KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Adrenergic Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Propranolol -- toxicity KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+propranolol+blockade+of+adrenergic+receptors+and+related+toxicity+with+drugs+that+increase+cyclic+AMP.&rft.au=Whitehurst%2C+V+E%3BVick%2C+J+A%3BAlleva%2C+F+R%3BZhang%2C+J%3BJoseph%2C+X%3BBalazs%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whitehurst&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial IL-10 inhibition of the cell-mediated immune response in chronic beryllium disease. AN - 69981858; 10453017 AB - Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in which to study the delayed type IV hypersensitivity response to persistent Ag that leads to noncaseating pulmonary granuloma formation. We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. To test this hypothesis, we used bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and on T lymphocyte proliferation. Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte proliferation. Second, the addition of excess exogenous rhIL-10 partially inhibited the beryllium-stimulated production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. Interestingly, beryllium salts interfered with an IL-10-stimulated decrease in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DR. We conclude that, in the CBD-derived, beryllium-stimulated cell-mediated immune response, low levels of endogenous IL-10 have no appreciable effect; exogenous rhIL-10 has a limited effect on cytokine production and no effect on T lymphocyte proliferation or HLA expression. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Tinkle, S S AU - Kittle, L A AU - Newman, L S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 2747 EP - 2753 VL - 163 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - HLA-D Antigens KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - beryllium sulfate KW - 01UQ1KPC7E KW - Interleukin-10 KW - 130068-27-8 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - HLA-D Antigens -- biosynthesis KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- immunology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Chronic Disease KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Beryllium -- pharmacology KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - Interleukin-10 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-10 -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-10 -- physiology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69981858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Partial+IL-10+inhibition+of+the+cell-mediated+immune+response+in+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Tinkle%2C+S+S%3BKittle%2C+L+A%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Tinkle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of influenza virus matrix protein with ribonucleoproteins. AN - 69945168; 10438836 AB - To characterize the sites and nature of binding of influenza A virus matrix protein (M1) to ribonucleoprotein (RNP), M1 of A/WSN/33 was altered by deletion or site-directed mutagenesis, expressed in vitro, and allowed to attach to RNP under a variety of conditions. Approximately 70% of the wild-type (Wt) M1 bound to RNP at pH 7.0, but less than 5% of M1 associated with RNP at pH 5.0. Increasing the concentration of NaCl reduced M1 binding, but even at a high salt concentration (0.6 M NaCl), approximately 20% of the input M1 was capable of binding to RNP. Mutations altering potential M1 RNA-binding regions (basic amino acids 101RKLKR105 and the zinc finger motif at amino acids 148 to 162) had varied effect: mutations of amino acids 101 to 105 reduced RNP binding compared to the Wt M1, but mutations of zinc finger motif did not. Treatment of RNP with RNase reduced M1 binding by approximately half, but even M1 mutants lacking RNA-binding regions had residual binding to RNase-treated RNP provided that the N-terminal 76 amino acids of M1 (containing two hydrophobic domains) were intact. Addition of detergent to the reaction mixture further reduced binding related to the N-terminal 76 amino acids and showed the greatest effect for mutations affecting the RNA-binding regions of basic amino acids. The data suggest that M1 interacts with both the RNA and protein components of RNP in assembly and disassembly of influenza A viruses. JF - Journal of virology AU - Ye, Z AU - Liu, T AU - Offringa, D P AU - McInnis, J AU - Levandowski, R A AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. yez@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 7467 EP - 7473 VL - 73 IS - 9 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - M-protein, influenza virus KW - 0 KW - M1 protein, Influenza A virus KW - Ribonucleoproteins KW - Viral Matrix Proteins KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Chick Embryo KW - Gene Expression KW - Gene Deletion KW - Binding Sites KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- genetics KW - Ribonucleoproteins -- metabolism KW - Influenza A virus -- metabolism KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69945168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Association+of+influenza+virus+matrix+protein+with+ribonucleoproteins.&rft.au=Ye%2C+Z%3BLiu%2C+T%3BOffringa%2C+D+P%3BMcInnis%2C+J%3BLevandowski%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=7467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 1971 Oct;46(1):149-60 [5166352] J Gen Virol. 1998 Oct;79 ( Pt 10):2435-46 [9780049] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):470-9 [7431487] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):586-90 [7431489] Virology. 1980 Dec;107(2):548-51 [6256950] J Gen Virol. 1982 Apr;59(Pt 2):403-8 [7077304] Virology. 1982 Apr 30;118(2):466-70 [7090187] J Virol. 1982 Dec;44(3):871-6 [7176019] Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:467-506 [6351727] Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):627-33 [3882238] J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):239-46 [2433462] Virology. 1988 Apr;163(2):618-21 [3354209] Virology. 1988 Jun;164(2):562-6 [3369093] J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2762-72 [2455818] J Gen Virol. 1988 Aug;69 ( Pt 8):1859-72 [3404117] J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1558-68 [2926863] J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3586-94 [2474671] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8569-80 [2479906] Virology. 1990 May;176(1):274-9 [2158693] Virology. 1991 Feb;180(2):617-24 [1989386] Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):117-30 [1913813] Virology. 1992 Jan;186(1):324-30 [1727609] Cell. 1992 May 15;69(4):577-8 [1375129] J Gen Virol. 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):37-42 [8113738] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1964-70 [7853543] J Virol. 1996 Jan;70(1):241-7 [8523532] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):6653-7 [8794300] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8391-401 [8970960] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8639-44 [8970989] J Virol. 1997 Apr;71(4):2947-58 [9060654] Nat Struct Biol. 1997 Mar;4(3):239-44 [9164466] J Gen Virol. 1997 Jul;78 ( Pt 7):1589-96 [9225034] Virology. 1998 Jan 5;240(1):127-37 [9448697] Virology. 1972 Jan;47(1):181-96 [4110126] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. 2. Cigarettes. AN - 69285415; 10552710 AB - A reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products was previously developed and optimized (Ciolino, L. A.; Turner, J. A.; McCauley, H. A.; Smallwood, A. W.; Yi, T. Y. J. Chromatogr. 1999a, 852 (2), 451-463) and provided reliable results for the determination of nicotine in commercial moist snuff (Ciolino, L. A.; McCauley, H. A.; Fraser, D. B.; Barnett, D. Y.; Yi, T. Y.; Turner, J. A. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999b, 47, 3706-3712). The method uses an aqueous-based sample extraction and provides rapid separation of nicotine from the minor tobacco alkaloids and other commercial tobacco components. In the present work, the method is evaluated for the determination of nicotine in commercial cigarettes and compared to both an official AOAC method for total alkaloids in tobacco (AOAC, AOAC Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th ed.; AOAC International: Gaithersburg, MD, 1995; pp 30-31), and a published GC method (Lyerly, L. A.; Greene, G. H. Beitr. Tabakforsch. 1976, 8 (6), 359-361). Good agreement was obtained between the ion-pair LC method and the GC method with relative differences in determined nicotine contents of 0.6 to 5% for a series of commercial and reference cigarettes. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Ciolino, L A AU - Fraser, D B AU - Yi, T Y AU - Turner, J A AU - Barnett, D Y AU - McCauley, H A AD - Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA. lciolino@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3713 EP - 3717 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69285415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Reversed+phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+nicotine+in+commercial+tobacco+products.+2.+Cigarettes.&rft.au=Ciolino%2C+L+A%3BFraser%2C+D+B%3BYi%2C+T+Y%3BTurner%2C+J+A%3BBarnett%2C+D+Y%3BMcCauley%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Ciolino&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. 1. Moist snuff. AN - 69283705; 10552709 AB - The official methods for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products (AOAC, CORESTA) are based on approaches that are not selective for nicotine (colorimetric measurement, steam distillation, perchloric acid titration), and the availability of published methods based on state-of-the-art chromatographic methods is limited. Reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatography has been established as a viable alternative for the analysis of basic analytes. A reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products was developed and optimized in separate experiments (Ciolino, L. A.; Turner, J. A.; McCauley, H. A.; Smallwood, A. W.; Yi, T. Y. J. Chromatogr. 1999a, 852 (2), 451-463). An extensive within-laboratory performance study of the optimized method was subsequently conducted, and results are presented here for the determination of nicotine in commercial moist snuff. Results for the determination of nicotine in commercial cigarettes are presented in a subsequent paper. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Ciolino, L A AU - McCauley, H A AU - Fraser, D B AU - Barnett, D Y AU - Yi, T Y AU - Turner, J A AD - Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA. lciolino@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 3706 EP - 3712 VL - 47 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69283705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Reversed+phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+nicotine+in+commercial+tobacco+products.+1.+Moist+snuff.&rft.au=Ciolino%2C+L+A%3BMcCauley%2C+H+A%3BFraser%2C+D+B%3BBarnett%2C+D+Y%3BYi%2C+T+Y%3BTurner%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Ciolino&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Health USA, 1999. AN - 62410405; ED438063 AB - Intended to inform policymaking in the public and private sectors, this booklet compiles secondary data for 54 health status indicators. The book provides both graphical and textual summaries of data, and addresses long-term trends where applicable. Data are presented for the target populations of Title V funding: infants, children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age. In addition to health status, the book addresses health services utilization and population characteristics. Following the introduction, which discusses trends and issues in children's health, the booklet has six sections: (1) "Population Characteristics," including children in poverty, maternal age, working mothers, and school dropouts; (2) "Health Status," discussing the health issues related to infants, children, and adolescents; (3) "Health Services and Utilization," including health care financing, vaccination coverage levels, physician visits, service utilization by children with chronic conditions, hospital utilization, and prenatal care; (4) "State-Specific Data," including data tables on infant and neonatal mortality, prenatal care, low birth weight, births to women under 18, Medicaid information, and health care financing; (5) "City Data," focusing on comparisons between cities with populations over 100,000 and national data on infant mortality, low birth weight, and prenatal care; and (6) "Progress towards Healthy People 2000," summarizing progress toward several prevention objectives. (Contains 32 references.) (HTH) Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 83 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. For full text: http:// www.mchb.hrsa.gov. KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Indicators KW - Medicaid KW - Vaccination KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Indicators KW - Birth Weight KW - Early Parenthood KW - Mortality Rate KW - Mothers KW - Employed Parents KW - Dropout Rate KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Prenatal Care KW - Health Care Costs KW - Demography KW - Health Needs KW - Municipalities KW - Poverty KW - Day Care KW - Incidence KW - Health Behavior KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62410405?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1998 edition, see PS 028 262. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American Indian and Alaska Native Trends in Behavioral Health, 1990-1996 AN - 61451051; 200009558 AB - To analyze & evaluate American Indian trends in behavioral risk, data on five health behaviors were drawn from the 1990-1996 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) representing the 34 states covered by the Indian Health Service. Time trends were analyzed with the use of linear regression. Diabetes increased among Indian men. The average annual %-point increase in diabetes awareness among Indian men was 0.4. Greater attention needs to be focused on Indian health-risk behaviors, especially diabetes awareness, as well as the surveillance of related behaviors such as overweight, physical activity, & diet. States should be encouraged & provided resources to improve BRFSS Indian samples. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 14 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Journal of Health Behavior AU - Taylor, Timothy L AU - Denny, Clark H AU - Freeman, William L AD - Alcoholism & Substance Abuse Program, Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 345 EP - 351 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1087-3244, 1087-3244 KW - Risk KW - Eskimos KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Education KW - American Indians KW - Diabetes KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61451051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.atitle=American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Trends+in+Behavioral+Health%2C+1990-1996&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Timothy+L%3BDenny%2C+Clark+H%3BFreeman%2C+William+L&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Behavior&rft.issn=10873244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AJHBF6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Indians; Eskimos; Risk; Health Behavior; Health Education; Diabetes ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for uranium AN - 52187381; 2001-061611 JF - Toxicological profile for uranium AU - Keith, Sam AU - Spoo, Wayne AU - Corcoran, James Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 398 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - risk assessment KW - air KW - uranium KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - actinides KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52187381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Keith%2C+Sam%3BSpoo%2C+Wayne%3BCorcoran%2C+James&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+uranium&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+uranium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 763 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 31 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA Evaluations Using In Vitro Metabolism to Predict and Interpret In Vivo Metabolic Drug-Drug Interactions: Impact on Labeling AN - 21148106; 11643495 AB - Recent advances in in vitro metabolism methods have led to an improved ability to predict clinically relevant metabolic drug-drug interactions. To address the relationships of in vitro metabolism data and in vivo metabolism outcomes, the Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, evaluated a number of recently approved new drug applications. The goal of these evaluations was to determine the contribution of in vitro metabolism data in (1) predicting in vivo drug-drug interactions, (2) determining the need to conduct an in vivo drug-drug interaction study, and (3) incorporating findings into drug product labeling. Ten cases are presented in this article. They fall into two major groups: (1) in vitro data were predictive of in vivo results, and (2) in vitro data were not predictive of in vivo results. Discussion of these cases highlights factors limiting predictability of in vivo metabolic interactions from in vitro metabolism data. The integration of these findings into drug product labeling is also discussed. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Davit, Barbara AU - Reynolds, Kellie AU - Yuan, Rae AU - Ajayi, Funmilayo AU - Conner, Dale AU - Fadiran, Emmanuel AU - Gillespie, Brad AU - Sahajwalla, Chandra AU - Huang, Shiew-Mei AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 899 EP - 910 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Integration KW - Data processing KW - Pharmacology KW - Drug development KW - Metabolism KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21148106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=FDA+Evaluations+Using+In+Vitro+Metabolism+to+Predict+and+Interpret+In+Vivo+Metabolic+Drug-Drug+Interactions%3A+Impact+on+Labeling&rft.au=Davit%2C+Barbara%3BReynolds%2C+Kellie%3BYuan%2C+Rae%3BAjayi%2C+Funmilayo%3BConner%2C+Dale%3BFadiran%2C+Emmanuel%3BGillespie%2C+Brad%3BSahajwalla%2C+Chandra%3BHuang%2C+Shiew-Mei%3BLesko%2C+Lawrence+J&rft.aulast=Davit&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F009127009903900902 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Integration; Data processing; Pharmacology; Drug development; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009127009903900902 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunization with Meningococcal Outer-Membrane Protein Vesicles Containing Lipooligosaccharide Protects Mice against Lethal Experimental Group B Neisseria meningitidis Infection and Septic Shock AN - 18081024; 5155342 AB - Detergent-treated group B Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (D-OMVs) from wild-type M986 and from nonencapsulated mutant M986-non-capsule variant (NCV) were compared as immunogens. Eight weeks after 3 consecutive immunizations with the immunogens, mice were challenged with a lethal dose of purified endotoxin or heat-killed or living N. meningitidis, plus D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg). D-OMVs from M986 induced bactericidal antibodies to both M986 (B: 2a: P1.5,2: L3,7) and 6275 (B: 2a: P1.2,5: L3) and protected the animals against both strains, whereas D-OMVs from M986-NCV did not protect the animals against infection with 6275 even when high serum bactericidal activity was induced. Tumor necrosis factor- alpha detected after bacterial infection was high in both protected and unprotected mice; interleukin (IL)-6 was high in mice that died but low in animals that survived. Exogenous administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 reversed the immunogens' protective effects. Protection against infection in mice does not necessarily correlate with the measured levels of serum bactericidal antibody alone, opsonic antibody alone, or cytokine profile alone. A comprehensive assessment of the preclinical efficacy of group B outer-membrane protein vaccines should include monitoring humoral antibodies, cytokine response, and protective effects against lethal infection. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Quakyi, E K AU - Frasch, CE AU - Buller, N AU - Tsai, C-M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 747 EP - 754 VL - 180 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Outer membranes KW - Membrane proteins KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Immunization KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18081024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immunization+with+Meningococcal+Outer-Membrane+Protein+Vesicles+Containing+Lipooligosaccharide+Protects+Mice+against+Lethal+Experimental+Group+B+Neisseria+meningitidis+Infection+and+Septic+Shock&rft.au=Quakyi%2C+E+K%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BBuller%2C+N%3BTsai%2C+C-M&rft.aulast=Quakyi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Immunization; Membrane proteins; Outer membranes ER - TY - CONF T1 - Hprt lymphocyte mutant frequency in relation to DNA adduct formation in rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene AN - 17557225; 4738372 AB - The lymphocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) assay is frequently used as a biomarker for the exposure of both humans and laboratory animals to potentially carcinogenic agents. To obtain information concerning the sensitivity of the rat Hprt lymphocyte assay toward aromatic amine carcinogens, male F344 rats were fed 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) for 1 month and then returned to control diet for 2 months. At 4, 27, 48, 62, and 90 days after the initiation of 2-AAF-feeding, the frequency of mutants in the Hprt gene was determined. In addition, DNA was isolated from liver nuclei, spleen lymphocytes, bone marrow, and thymus, and DNA adducts were analyzed by super(32)P-postlabeling. 2-AAF feeding resulted in a significant induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes and the mutant frequency continued to increase after the 2-AAF feeding was stopped. The same major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene, was detected in liver, spleen lymphocytes, bone marrow, and thymus. DNA adduct levels were greatest in the tumor target tissue (liver) but occurred in all T-lymphocyte compartments, being highest in spleen lymphocytes. The DNA adduct levels were highest at the end of the 1-month 2-AAF feeding period and decreased rapidly in all tissues. The data indicate that the Hprt lymphocyte mutagenesis assay detects arylamine carcinogens, but with relatively low sensitivity. JF - Cancer Letters AU - Beland, F A AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Smith, BA AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Heflich, R H Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 249 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier, [URL:http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/6/0/5/0/] VL - 143 IS - 2 KW - rats KW - N-2-Fluorenylacetamide KW - hprt gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - Lymphocytes KW - Mutants KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17557225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Hprt+lymphocyte+mutant+frequency+in+relation+to+DNA+adduct+formation+in+rats+fed+the+hepatocarcinogen+2-acetylaminofluorene&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BSmith%2C+BA%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3835%2899%2900134-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00134-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological analysis of one hectare of terra-firme dense tropical rainforest at Estrada da Varzea, Amazon state, Brazil TT - Analise ecologica de um hectare em floresta ombrofila densa de terra-firme, Estrada da Varzea, Amazonas, Brasil AN - 17491867; 4679946 AB - A fitossociological survey was carried out in a terra firme dense tropical rainforest on a stretch of Estrada da Varzea (Foodplain road) linking Manaus to the counties of Silves and Itapiranga in Amazonas state. The work was aimed at analysing floristic composition fitossociological parameters necessary for determining species ecological importance value index (IVI), as well as, the vegetation structure. Sample distribution was carried out through sattelite image analysis. Sampling was done in a 10 x 1.000m transect, divided into 20 subplots, each measuring 10 x 50m. All arboreal individuals with a circumference at breast height (CBH) greater than or equal to 30cm, such as, palm trees, vines and terrestrial herbs were included from which samples were taken for later identification; according to the Cronquist system. As a result, 527 individuals distributed into 47 families, 118 genera and 196 species, were recorded. Families presenting the highest diversity were Lecythidaceae (20), Lauraceae (19), Sapotaceae(17), Chrysobalanaceae, Burseraceae (12) and Annonaceae (9), representing 47% of the family diversity, showing local diversity to be concentrated within few families. Species with highest importance value index (IVI), Goupia glabra Aubl. (9.34), Ocotea rubra (Meiss.) Allen (8.71), because of their large diameter represented in the relative dominance. Nevertheless, when comparing local density with the one obtained from other works using the same sampling criteria it was concluded that the locality is less abundant in number of individuals per ha., but the diversity of families and species does not differ from results reached for terra-firme forests within other areas in Amazonia. JF - Acta Amazonica AU - Matos, FDA AU - Do Amaral, IL AD - Pesquisadores da CPBO do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) Al. Cosme Ferreira, 1756 - Manaus - AM, 69.083-000, Brasil, fmatos@inpa.gov.br Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 365 EP - 379 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0044-5967, 0044-5967 KW - Brazil KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rain forests KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Tropical environment KW - Species diversity KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17491867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Amazonica&rft.atitle=Ecological+analysis+of+one+hectare+of+terra-firme+dense+tropical+rainforest+at+Estrada+da+Varzea%2C+Amazon+state%2C+Brazil&rft.au=Matos%2C+FDA%3BDo+Amaral%2C+IL&rft.aulast=Matos&rft.aufirst=FDA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Amazonica&rft.issn=00445967&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Portuguese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rain forests; Vegetation patterns; Tropical environment; Species diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computerized Accident Reconstruction and Training for Metal/Non-Metal Mines AN - 17480916; 4678912 AB - A NIOSH study on occupational deaths between 1980 and 1989 indicated that the mining industry has the highest average annual fatality rate. Mining is also the highest risk industry in 23 states, and accounts for the largest number of occupational deaths in three states. Researchers believe that the use of enhanced computer visualization and multimedia training tools will help to reduce these injury and fatality numbers. Accordingly, researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory (SRL) are developing computer programs that will be used to educate mine workers on the hazards of mining, as well as train miners in evacuation routes and evacuation procedures. Computer-based training tools offer several distinct advantages over more conventional training tools. Computer-based tools provide a three-dimensional immersive environment that allows the trainee to experience mining hazards and view mine accidents without actually being exposed to mine hazards. This "time-on-task" will help reinforce the learning acquired during more conventional classroom instruction. In addition, the inherent flexibility of this type of tool allows the training material to be tailored to meet the requirements of individual mines. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Filigenzi, M T AU - Orr, T J AU - Ruff, T M AD - NIOSH, Spokane Research Laboratory, 315 E. Montgomery Ave, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, gf4@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 116 EP - 118 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - accident reconstruction KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - Training KW - Computer applications KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Computerized+Accident+Reconstruction+and+Training+for+Metal%2FNon-Metal+Mines&rft.au=Filigenzi%2C+M+T%3BOrr%2C+T+J%3BRuff%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Filigenzi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Mining; Occupational safety; Mortality; Training; Computer applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Where African-American Women Work and the Nonfatal Work-Related Injuries They Experienced in the U.S. in 1996, Compared to Women of Other Races AN - 17478991; 4678905 AB - Occupational safety and health problems of women in general, and African-American women in particular, have historically not been adequately addressed. In fact, concern on racial disparity, and difficulties in obtaining scientific data for the studies of minority public health led to the disadvantaged Minority Health Improvement Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-527). This study was conducted to identify where African-American women work and the nonfatal injuries they experienced on the job in the United States in 1996, and to compare these patterns to women of other races. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Chen, G X AU - Layne, LA AD - NIOSH, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, gdc0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 34 EP - 36 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - African Americans KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Females KW - Ethnic groups KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Where+African-American+Women+Work+and+the+Nonfatal+Work-Related+Injuries+They+Experienced+in+the+U.S.+in+1996%2C+Compared+to+Women+of+Other+Races&rft.au=Chen%2C+G+X%3BLayne%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Occupational health; Ethnic groups; Females; Injuries; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety Climate Dimensions Associated with Occupational Exposure to Blood-Borne Pathogens in Nurses AN - 17478259; 4678913 AB - The present study focused on three specific safety climate dimensions that were hypothesized to play an important role in promoting safe work practices in nurses, an occupational group clearly at risk for accidental exposure to blood-borne pathogens. The safety climate dimensions investigated were: management commitment to safety, job hindrances, and feedback/training. In this study, nurses were categorized according to their (a) safety-related work practices (low vs. high compliance with UP), and (b) recent accidents/injuries possibly involving exposure to blood-borne pathogens (non-exposed vs. exposed). These groups were then compared according to their perceptions of the hospital's three dimensions of safety climate. A major issue addressed in this study was whether compliance with UP would be associated with the same safety climate dimensions as accidents/injuries. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Grosch, J W AU - Gershon, RRM AU - Murphy, L R AU - DeJoy, D M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, jkg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 122 EP - 124 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - nursing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Pathogens KW - Occupational exposure KW - Medical personnel KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Safety+Climate+Dimensions+Associated+with+Occupational+Exposure+to+Blood-Borne+Pathogens+in+Nurses&rft.au=Grosch%2C+J+W%3BGershon%2C+RRM%3BMurphy%2C+L+R%3BDeJoy%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Grosch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Occupational exposure; Blood; Pathogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Injuries and Illnesses Among Construction Workers AN - 17478256; 4678911 AB - More than 6 million workers (about 6 percent of the total U.S. labor force) are currently employed in the construction industry. Compared with other industries, construction workers experience one of the highest occupational fatality and injury and illness rates resulting in lost work days. Of all work-related deaths in 1996, 16.9% (or 1,039) occurred among construction workers; falls were the leading cause (31%). By trade, ironworkers and roofers accounted for more than 75% of deaths due to falls in the industry. Nonfatal injuries also occur frequently among construction workers. In 1995, construction workers experienced more than 182,000 illnesses and injuries causing loss of work days. Having contact with or being struck by an object and musculoskeletal disorders account for more than 50% of all traumatic injuries; backs, hands/fingers, and eyes are the body parts most affected. In partnership with researchers throughout the United States, NIOSH is developing and evaluating methods to reduce work-related injuries and illnesses among construction workers. One approach is to develop and disseminate educational programs, training materials, and methods that address the needs of construction workers and the industry as a whole. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Becker, P AU - Bryant, C J AU - Palassis, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C32, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mhs2@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 96 EP - 97 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Education KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17478256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Reducing+Injuries+and+Illnesses+Among+Construction+Workers&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+M+H%3BBecker%2C+P%3BBryant%2C+C+J%3BPalassis%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Construction industry; Education; Occupational safety; Injuries; Accidents; Risk assessment; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks of Fatal Injuries to Farm Workers 55-Years of Age and Older AN - 17477907; 4678903 AB - Agricultural production has long been identified as one of the most hazardous industries in the United States [National Safety Council, 1972; Myers and Hard, 1995], as well as in Canada, Australia, and parts of Europe [Meng, 1991; Stout et al., 1990; National Safety Council, 1995]. Previous studies have identified older workers (generally above the age of 54-years) to be the segment of the agricultural workforce which is at the highest risk for occupational fatalities in the United States [ Purschwitz and Field, 1986; Myers and Hard, 1995; Kisner and Pratt, 1997]. To understand better the characteristics of these fatalities to older agricultural workers, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed data from two national occupational fatality surveillance systems: the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) surveillance system. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Myers, J R AU - Hard, D L AU - Snyder, KA AU - Casini, V J AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AU - Morton, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Rearch, Mail Stop 180-P, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jom5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 29 EP - 30 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - USA KW - farming KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17477907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Risks+of+Fatal+Injuries+to+Farm+Workers+55-Years+of+Age+and+Older&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BHard%2C+D+L%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J%3BMorton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Agriculture; Age; Injuries; Accidents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of coal properties and dust-control parameters on longwall respirable-dust levels AN - 17459257; 4662822 AB - Longwall mining operations continue to increase extraction rates and the potential to generate higher amounts of airborne respirable dust (ARD). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has gathered data from underground longwall surveys and laboratory crushing tests to identify the important factors influencing the amount of ARD levels generated. Coal-seam characteristics, operational parameters (i.e., cut sequence, mining height, etc.), extraction rates and dust-control parameters (i.e., airflow, water flow, etc.) were examined to determine their influence on ARD levels measured at longwalls during actual mining operations. ARD generated by a laboratory crusher while crushing bituminous coal samples collected from underground longwalls was also examined to determine if there were correlations with coal-seam properties. Results from the longwall and laboratory data collected indicated that low-ash, high-volatile coals (low moist fuel ratio or MFR coals) generate higher amounts of ARD. It was found that face ventilation and water application to the coal product are essential elements to controlling longwall ARD levels. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Organiscak, JA AU - Colinet, J F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 41 EP - 48 VL - 51 IS - 9 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Mining KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17459257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Influence+of+coal+properties+and+dust-control+parameters+on+longwall+respirable-dust+levels&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+JA%3BColinet%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mining; Coal; Dust; Inhalation; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to genotoxic agents AN - 17411877; 4626631 AB - Millions of workers in the United States are potentially exposed each year to hazardous chemicals, dusts, or fibers in occupational settings. Some of these agents are genotoxic and may cause genetic alterations in the somatic or germ cells of exposed workers. Such alterations, if they occur in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, which are involved in controlling cell growth or differentiation, may lead to the development of cancer. Genetic alterations in germ cells may also lead to reproductive failure or genetic disorders in subsequent generations. It has been estimated that occupational exposure accounts for 4% of all human cancers and up to 30% of cancer among blue-collar workers. Approximately 20,000 cancer deaths each year are attributable to occupational exposure in the United States. Occupational cancer and reproductive abnormalities have been listed on the National Occupational Research Agenda master list of research priorities as major occupational diseases and injuries. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Keshava, N AU - Ong, T M AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road Morgantown, WV USA Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 175 EP - 194 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 437 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - man KW - cancer KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - Genotoxicity KW - Cancer KW - Differentiation KW - Reviews KW - Cell proliferation KW - Proto-oncogenes KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+genotoxic+agents&rft.au=Keshava%2C+N%3BOng%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5742%2899%2900083-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Cancer; Genotoxicity; Reviews; Proto-oncogenes; Tumor suppressor genes; Cell proliferation; Differentiation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(99)00083-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perkinsus marinus extracellular protease modulates survival of Vibrio vulnificus in eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes AN - 17398676; 4629537 AB - The in vitro effects of the Perkinsus marinus serine protease on the intracellular survival of Vibrio vulnificus in oyster hemocytes were examined by using a time-course gentamicin internalization assay. Results showed that protease-treated hemocytes were initially slower to internalize V. vulnificus than untreated hemocytes. After 1 h, the elimination of V. vulnificus by treated hemocytes was significantly suppressed compared with hemocytes infected with invasive and noninvasive controls. Our data suggest that the serine protease produced by P. marinus suppresses the vibriocidal activity of oyster hemocytes to effectively eliminate V. vulnificus, potentially leading to conditions favoring higher numbers of vibrios in oyster tissues. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tall, B D AU - La Peyre, JF AU - Bier, J W AU - Miliotis, MD AU - Hanes, DE AU - Kothary, M H AU - Shan, D B AU - Faisal, M AD - Division of Microbiological Studies (HFS-517), Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St. S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA, BTall@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4261 EP - 4263 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Serine proteinase KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gentamicin KW - Vibriosis KW - Marine KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Perkinsus marinus KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Hemocytes KW - Survival KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Q4 27410:Enzymes KW - J 02862:Infection KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17398676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Perkinsus+marinus+extracellular+protease+modulates+survival+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+eastern+Oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+hemocytes&rft.au=Tall%2C+B+D%3BLa+Peyre%2C+JF%3BBier%2C+J+W%3BMiliotis%2C+MD%3BHanes%2C+DE%3BKothary%2C+M+H%3BShan%2C+D+B%3BFaisal%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibriosis; Pathogenic bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Survival; Enzymatic activity; Gentamicin; Hemocytes; Vibrio vulnificus; Perkinsus marinus; Crassostrea virginica; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Bordetella pertussis AN - 17377881; 4597019 AB - We determined the genomic organization of 14 clinical strains of Bordetella pertussis isolated over an 18-month period in Alberta, Canada. The maps of these 14 strains, while demonstrating general similarity of gene order, display a number of examples of genomic rearrangements in the form of large chromosomal inversions. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AU - Yang, M AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, stibitz@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 5512 EP - 5515 VL - 181 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Canada, Alberta KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Genetic mapping KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17377881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Genomic+Plasticity+in+Natural+Populations+of+Bordetella+pertussis&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S%3BYang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Genetic mapping; Genomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial spores survive treatment with commercial sterilants and disinfectants AN - 17348757; 4629279 AB - This study compared the activity of commercial liquid sterilants and disinfectants on Bacillus subtilis spores deposited on three types of devices made of noncorrodible, corrodible, or polymeric material. Products like Renalin, Exspor, Wavicide-01, Cidexplus, and cupric ascorbate were tested under conditions specified for liquid sterilization. These products, at the shorter times indicated for disinfection, and popular disinfectants, like Clorox, Cavicide, and Lysol were also studied. Data obtained with a sensitive and quantitative test suggest that commercial liquid sterilants and disinfectants are less effective on contaminated surfaces than generally acknowledged. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sagripanti, J-L AU - Bonifacino, A AD - Molecular Biology Branch (HFZ-113), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD, 20857, USA, JUS@CDRH.FDA.COV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4255 EP - 4260 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disinfectants KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Chemosterilants KW - Spores KW - Sterilization KW - A 01110:Environmental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17348757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bacterial+spores+survive+treatment+with+commercial+sterilants+and+disinfectants&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+J-L%3BBonifacino%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=J-L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus subtilis; Sterilization; Chemosterilants; Disinfectants; Spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines expressing tuberculosis proteins fused to tissue plasminogen activator signal sequences AN - 17328248; 4601619 AB - Novel tuberculosis DNA vaccines encoding native ESAT-6, MPT-64, KatG, or HBHA mycobacterial proteins or the same proteins fused to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) signal sequences were evaluated for their capacity to elicit humoral, cell-mediated, and protective immune responses in vaccinated mice. While all eight plasmids induced specific humoral responses, the constructs expressing the TPA fusions generally evoked higher antibody responses in vaccinated hosts. Although most of the DNA vaccines tested induced a substantial gamma interferon response in the spleen, the antigen-specific lung responses were 2- to 10-fold lower than the splenic responses at the time of challenge. DNA vaccines encoding the ESAT-6, MPT-64, and KatG antigens fused to TPA signal sequences evoked significant protective responses in mice aerogenically challenged with low doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman 17 to 21 days after the final immunization. However, the protective response induced by live Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine was greater than the response induced by any of the DNA vaccines tested. These results suggest that the tuberculosis DNA vaccines were able to elicit substantial immune responses in suitably vaccinated mice, but further refinements to the constructs or the use of alternative immunization strategies will be needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccine candidates. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Li, Z AU - Howard, A AU - Kelley, C AU - Delogu, G AU - Collins, F AU - Morris, S AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, OVRR/CBER/FDA, HFM-431, Building 29, Room 502, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4780 EP - 4786 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - DNA vaccines KW - HBHA protein KW - KatG protein KW - MPT-64 protein KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - immunology KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Signal peptides KW - Tuberculosis KW - Immune response (humoral) KW - t-Plasminogen activator KW - Lung KW - Vaccines KW - Immune response KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17328248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immunogenicity+of+DNA+vaccines+expressing+tuberculosis+proteins+fused+to+tissue+plasminogen+activator+signal+sequences&rft.au=Li%2C+Z%3BHoward%2C+A%3BKelley%2C+C%3BDelogu%2C+G%3BCollins%2C+F%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4780&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Immune response; t-Plasminogen activator; Immune response (humoral); Signal peptides; Tuberculosis; DNA vaccines; Vaccines; Lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Down-regulation of Th2 responses by Brucella abortus, a strong Th1 stimulus, correlates with alterations in the B7.2-CD28 pathway AN - 17327463; 4601524 AB - Down-regulation of the Th2-like response induced by ovalbumin-alum (OVA/alum) immunization by heat-killed Brucella abortus was not reversed by anti-IL-12 antibody treatment or in gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ) knockout mice, suggesting that induction of Th1 cytokines was not the only mechanism involved in the B. abortus-mediated inhibition of the Th2 response to OVA/alum. The focus of this study was to determine whether an alternative pathway involves alteration in expression of costimulatory molecules. First we show that the Th2-like response to OVA/alum is dependent on B7.2 interaction with ligand since it can be abrogated by anti-B7.2 treatment. Expression of costimulatory molecules was then studied in mice immunized with OVA/alum in the absence or presence of B. abortus. B7.2, but not B7.1, was up-regulated on mouse non-T and T cells following immunization with B. abortus. Surprisingly, B. abortus induced down-regulation of CD28 and upregulation of B7.2 on murine CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T cells. These effects on T cells were maximal for CD28 and B7.2 at 40 to 48 h and were not dependent on interleukin-12 (IL-12) or IFN- gamma . On the basis of these results, we propose that the IL-12/IFN- gamma -independent inhibition of Th2 responses to OVA/alum is secondary to the effects of B. abortus on expression of costimulatory molecules on T cells. We suggest that down-regulation of CD28 following activation inhibits subsequent differentiation of Th0 into Th2 cells. In addition, decreased expression of CD28 and increased expression of B7.2 on T cells would favor B7.2 interaction with CTLA-4 on T cells, and this could provide a negative signal to developing Th2 cells. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Agranovich, I AU - Scott, DE AU - Terle, D AU - Lee, K AU - Golding, B AD - Bldg. 29, 1401 Woodmont, Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, GOLDING@CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4418 EP - 4426 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Brucella abortus KW - CD28 antigen KW - Ovalbumin-alum KW - double prime B7-2 antigen KW - gamma -Interferon KW - immunology KW - knockout mice KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Helper cells KW - Immunization KW - Down-regulation KW - Interferon KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Immune response KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17327463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Down-regulation+of+Th2+responses+by+Brucella+abortus%2C+a+strong+Th1+stimulus%2C+correlates+with+alterations+in+the+B7.2-CD28+pathway&rft.au=Agranovich%2C+I%3BScott%2C+DE%3BTerle%2C+D%3BLee%2C+K%3BGolding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Agranovich&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brucella abortus; Immune response; Immunization; Interferon; Down-regulation; Lymphocytes T; Helper cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup for Pesticide Residues in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables AN - 1439227158; 18619149 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schenck, F J AU - Howard-King, V AD - Baltimore District Laboratory, United States Food and Drug Administration, 900 Madison Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA , US Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 277 EP - 281 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Vegetables KW - X:24330 KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & ENAironmental Safety KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439227158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Solid+Phase+Extraction+Cleanup+for+Pesticide+Residues+in+Fresh+Fruits+and+Vegetables&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BHoward-King%2C+V&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900977 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetables; Fruits DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900977 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JULY 1995). AN - 36414471; 7569 AB - PURPOSE: The revision of planning provisions for the northwest sector of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus, located in Bethesda in central Maryland, is proposed. This final supplement to the final EIS of July 1995 addresses the establishment of a master plan to guide and coordinate physical development of buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years. The master plan would be developed in response to projected NIH administrative, research and infrastructure support needs, and not commit NIH to any of the projects proposed. The implementation of any project in the master plan is dependent on Congressional funding. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS. The implementation of the master plan, as described in the final EIS, would provide guidance for up to 14 new laboratory buildings for intramural research; a complete upgrading and modernization of power plants and other support utilities and infrastructure; the replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; the consolidation of surface parking into multiple level and underground parking structures; the construction of a Loop Road, with emphasis placed on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use in the central core area of the campus; a physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level, and protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures; the construction of a 250- bed clinical center inpatient hospital; the construction of stormwater management facilities that will meet state standards; the construction of expanded child daycare facilities for employees, small scale retail service, and other employee amenities; and the establishment of a natural zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer adjoining residential neighborhoods from NIH facilities and activities. This supplement addresses revisions to the plan required due to the construction of the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center and the need to re-route Center Drive, which would displace sites for several structures proposed in the 1995 master plan. Twelve alternative sites were studied for their compliance with master plan criteria, these alternatives being narrowed to five sites in the northwest quadrant for the five facilities under consideration. The five facilities to be affected would include a day care center, a Potomac Electric Power Company substation, a fire station and potential public safety annex, a guest house, and a parking structure. With the exception of the substation, the construction of these facilities was addressed in the 1995 final EIS; however, the siting of each facility, discussed in this supplement, has changed. The impacts would be largely the same as those described in the final EIS. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The master plan activities would meet current and projected NIH laboratory and clinical center needs, increase the capability to install advanced equipment for patient care, and increase administrative efficiency. Employment would expand to 18,000 jobs by the year 2015, representing an increase of 1,675 jobs over that projected under the No Action Alternative. Occupiable building space would increase from 7.0 million gross square feet (mgsf) to 7.4 mgsf by 2000 and to 10.0 mgsf by 2015. The land use and socioeconomic impacts would be consistent with local central business district development plans, and traffic congestion impacts would not depart significantly from those under the No Action Alternative. The substation would provide more flexibility and redundancy in supplying electrical energy to the campus. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, as described in the final EIS, peak electric power demand would increase from 66,000 kilowatts (kW) to 108,000 kW, and peak water demand would increase from 6,000 to 9,350 gallons per minute; significant increases in would also occur for sanitary sewer flows, and in demand for steam, chilled water, and natural gas. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft supplement, see 99-0409D, Volume 23, Number 4. For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 93-0454D, Volume 17, Number 6, and 95-0387F, Volume 19, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 990318, 46 pages, August 31, 1999 PY - 1999 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Drainage KW - Electric Power KW - Employment KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Hospitals KW - Housing KW - Land Use KW - Natural Gas KW - Power Plants KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Sewers KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Supply KW - Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36414471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIROMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIROMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Facilities Planning and Programming Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 31, 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of the effect of chrysotile fiber surface composition on genotoxicity in vitro. AN - 70830494; 10515572 AB - Chrysotile fibers (NIEHS intermediate length) were treated with ultrapure HCl to alter the fiber surface chemistry without substantially changing fiber morphology or dimensions. The objective of the study was to determine whether fiber surface chemistry is an important variable in fiber genotoxicity in vitro. The modified fibers, along with native chrysotile fibers, were used to challenge Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) in vitro using the micronucleus induction genotoxicity assay. Fiber dimensions were assessed using scanning electron microscopy by measuring the distribution of fiber lengths in 3 length ranges: less than 3 microm, 3-10 microm, and greater than 10 microm. For both treated and native fiber samples, 500 fibers were examined. Results indicate that acid-treated fibers were about 20% shorter than untreated chrysotile. Surface chemistry alterations were verified by zeta-potential reversal, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental analysis. Scanning Auger spectrometry indicated the presence of Mg, O, and Si in both treated and native chrysotile samples, which confirmed the surface purity of both fiber samples. Both XPS and SEM-EDS analysis demonstrated substantial depletion of Mg from fiber surfaces. Results of the micronucleus assay showed a positive concentration-related response for both samples, with toxicity evident only at the highest concentration. No significant difference was found for the treated and untreated chrysotile samples. These results indicate that the surface chemistry is not an important variable in the in vitro genotoxicity of chrysotile asbestos in V79 cells as detected by the micronucleus assay under the conditions used in this study, and support a model of chemically nonspecific chromosomal and spindle damage effects. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Keane, M J AU - Stephens, J W AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Miller, W E AU - Ong, T M AU - Wallace, W E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 27 SP - 529 EP - 541 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Electron Probe Microanalysis KW - Animals KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Cricetulus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Fibroblasts -- pathology KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Magnesium -- analysis KW - Silicon -- analysis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Cricetinae KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- chemistry KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70830494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=A+study+of+the+effect+of+chrysotile+fiber+surface+composition+on+genotoxicity+in+vitro.&rft.au=Keane%2C+M+J%3BStephens%2C+J+W%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BMiller%2C+W+E%3BOng%2C+T+M%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the transgenic p53+/- mouse for detecting genotoxic liver carcinogens in a short-term bioassay. AN - 69996580; 10465341 AB - The transgenic p53-deficient heterozygous (p53+/-) mouse is prone to both spontaneous and induced tumors and has been proposed for use in a sensitive, short-term (6 months) assay for identifying genotoxic, multispecies carcinogens. It is not clear, however, if a short-term assay with p53+/- mice detects agents that target certain organs, in particular, the liver. In this study, we treated neonatal male p53+/- and p53+/+ mice with the genotoxic carcinogens dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC). In keeping with the methodology of the proposed short-term assay, the p53+/- mice were evaluated for tumors 7 months after treatment. Wild-type neonatal mice treated with genotoxic carcinogens are known to develop tumors within 1 year; hence, the p53+/+ animals used as controls were subjected to pathological examination at 1 year of age. Our results showed that PhIP was not tumorigenic in either group of mice. Liver tumor incidence increased significantly in the p53+/+ mice treated with DMN and 6-NC, indicating that the conditions of the bioassay were conducive to the promotion of liver tumorigenesis. On the other hand, these two chemicals failed to induce a significant increase in liver tumors in the p53+/- mice by seven months. This result suggests that a deficiency in the amount of p53 protein does not lead to accelerated liver tumorigenesis in mice, and contrasts with previous reports that show a decreased latency of tumors in non-liver targets. JF - Cancer letters AU - Dass, S B AU - Bucci, T J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/23/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 23 SP - 81 EP - 85 VL - 143 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - Imidazoles KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Male KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Adenoma -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+transgenic+p53%2B%2F-+mouse+for+detecting+genotoxic+liver+carcinogens+in+a+short-term+bioassay.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+B%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-23&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a mouse cell line containing the Phi X174 am3 allele as a target for detecting mutation AN - 17402971; 4626561 AB - Transgenic mice containing multiple copies of the Phi X174 am3 allele are being developed as a model for detecting tissue-specific in vivo mutation. In order to derive an analogous system for measuring am3 mutation in vitro, cells were cultured from 15-day-old C57Bl/6J mouse embryos that were homozygous for the transgene and these cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing the SV40 large T-antigen. Two G418-resistant colonies were isolated from this culture and expanded to continuously proliferating cell lines (PX-1 and PX-2). Line PX-2 was treated with up to 1.0 mg/ml of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), assayed for survival by cloning efficiency after overnight culture, and assayed for am3 mutations after 5 days of culture. Survival decreased to 31% at the highest dose of ENU, while mutant frequency increased with dose from approximately 2 x 10 super(-7) in the untreated cells to 13 x 10 super(-7) in cultures treated with 0.6 mg/ml of ENU. PX-2 cells also were treated with 0 and 0.6 mg/ml of ENU and mutant frequency assays were performed after 5, 24, 48 and 72 h of growth. The mutant frequency in the treated culture increased to 20 x 10 super(-7) at 48 h and remained approximately the same at 72 h. These results indicate that PX-2 cells should be a useful resource for developing the in vivo am3 mutant assay and for evaluating the sensitivity of the am3 allele to various classes of mutagens. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Chen, J B AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson, AR USA Y1 - 1999/08/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 18 SP - 347 EP - 353 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 444 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - cell lines KW - transgenic mice KW - PX-2 cells KW - N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Transgenic mice KW - Mutagenicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+mouse+cell+line+containing+the+Phi+X174+am3+allele+as+a+target+for+detecting+mutation&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+B%3BDobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-18&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2899%2900099-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mutagenicity testing; N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea; Transgenic mice DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00099-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real time biosensor analysis of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A in food AN - 17382824; 4605816 AB - Currently there is no 'real-time' detection system to identify food borne toxins. In order to develop such a system, we have used a evanescent wave biosensor for real time detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in foods. The approach used here is sandwich biosensor, a method utilizing two antibodies. The toxin binds initially to a capturing antibody which is bound covalently on the surface of the biosensor detector. The second antibody binds to the captured toxin. We were able to measure SEA in foods with little or no background interference, demonstrating that biosensor-based measurement of SEA was possible not only with purified SEA but also in complex food matrices such as hot dogs, potato salad, milk and mushrooms. Autoclaved samples of SEA did not evoke a positive response. With both purified SEA and SEA-spiked foods, the assay sensitivity is 10-100 ng/g depending on the material tested and the assay is rapid (<4 min) when a single antibody is used. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Rasooly, L AU - Rasooly, A AD - US Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiological Studies, 200 C St. SW, HFS 515, Washington, DC 20204, USA, axr@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 15 SP - 119 EP - 127 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Staphylococcus KW - detection KW - staphylococcal enterotoxin A KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Assays KW - Food contamination KW - Toxins KW - Biosensors KW - Detection KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Real+time+biosensor+analysis+of+Staphylococcal+enterotoxin+A+in+food&rft.au=Rasooly%2C+L%3BRasooly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rasooly&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2899%2900053-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food contamination; Biosensors; Toxins; Assays; Detection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00053-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization study for the reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. AN - 70017929; 10481983 AB - The availability of published methods for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products based on state-of-the-art chromatographic methods is limited. Nicotine is a diprotic base with pKa's of 3.12 (pyridine ring) and 8.02 (pyrrolidine ring). Other monoprotic and diprotic bases are also present in commercial tobacco including anatabine, nornicotine, anabasine, and cotinine. In this paper, the chromatography of nicotine and the minor tobacco alkaloids under reversed-phase ion-pairing conditions is thoroughly studied. The results of this study are used to understand the retention mechanisms of the tobacco alkaloids, to examine their observed elution order with respect to fundamental analyte properties (size, functionality, and acid-base strength), and to select optimum chromatographic conditions for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Ciolino, L A AU - Turner, J A AU - McCauley, H A AU - Smallwood, A W AU - Yi, T Y AD - Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. lciolino@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 451 EP - 463 VL - 852 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Ions KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70017929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Optimization+study+for+the+reversed-phase+ion-pair+liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+nicotine+in+commercial+tobacco+products.&rft.au=Ciolino%2C+L+A%3BTurner%2C+J+A%3BMcCauley%2C+H+A%3BSmallwood%2C+A+W%3BYi%2C+T+Y&rft.aulast=Ciolino&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=852&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Black-gold: a simple, high-resolution histochemical label for normal and pathological myelin in brain tissue sections. AN - 69942434; 10434014 AB - A novel haloaurophosphate complex called Black-Gold has been synthesized and applied to localize myelin within the central nervous system. The technique is tailored to studies using formalin fixed non-solvent processed tissue. The technique stains large myelinated tracts dark red-brown, while the individual myelinated axons appear black. This study demonstrates how this novel tracer can be used to localize both normal and pathological myelin. Specific myelin changes associated with exposure to diverse neurotoxicants including kainic acid, domoic acid, 3-nitropropionic acid, Fluoro-Gold and isoniazid are demonstrated and characterized. This study also demonstrates how Black-Gold can be combined with other histochemical markers including Nissl stains, retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers and fluorescent markers of neuronal degeneration. Advantages associated with the Black-Gold technique include high resolution, high contrast, short histochemical processing time, and consistent reproducibility. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. lschmued@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 07 SP - 289 EP - 297 VL - 837 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Black-Gold KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Phosphates KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Isoniazid -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Histocytochemistry -- methods KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cerebral Cortex -- pathology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- pathology KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Axonal Transport KW - Myelin Sheath -- ultrastructure KW - Myelin Sheath -- pathology KW - Brain -- cytology KW - Brain -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69942434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Black-gold%3A+a+simple%2C+high-resolution+histochemical+label+for+normal+and+pathological+myelin+in+brain+tissue+sections.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-07&rft.volume=837&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine generates peroxynitrite and produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice: protective effects of peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. AN - 69939961; 10433983 AB - Methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is believed to be produced by oxidative stress and free radical generation. The present study was undertaken to investigate if METH generates peroxynitrite and produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity. We also investigated if this generation of peroxynitrite can be blocked by a selective peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, 5, 10,15, 20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4'-pyridyl)porphyrinato iron III (FeTMPyP) and protect against METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Administration of METH resulted in the significant formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), an in vivo marker of peroxynitrite generation, in the striatum and also caused a significant increase in the body temperature. METH injection also caused a significant decrease in the concentration of dopamine (DA), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) by 76%, 53% and 40%, respectively, in the striatum compared with the control group. Treatment with FeTMPyP blocked the formation of 3-NT by 66% when compared with the METH group. FeTMPyP treatment also provided significant protection against the METH-induced hyperthermia and depletion of DA, DOPAC and HVA. Administration of FeTMPyP alone neither resulted in 3-NT formation nor had any significant effect on DA or its metabolite concentrations. These findings indicate that peroxynitrite plays a role in METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and also suggests that peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts may be beneficial for the management of psychostimulant abuse. Copyright 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Imam, S Z AU - Crow, J P AU - Newport, G D AU - Islam, F AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 07 SP - 15 EP - 21 VL - 837 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitrates KW - Oxidants KW - Porphyrins KW - meso-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridiniumyl)porphyrin KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - peroxynitric acid KW - 26404-66-0 KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiology KW - Nitrates -- toxicity KW - Methamphetamine -- chemistry KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Porphyrins -- pharmacology KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69939961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine+generates+peroxynitrite+and+produces+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity+in+mice%3A+protective+effects+of+peroxynitrite+decomposition+catalyst.&rft.au=Imam%2C+S+Z%3BCrow%2C+J+P%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BIslam%2C+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-07&rft.volume=837&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative measure of genetic differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in two strains of mice. AN - 85307439; pmid-10452371 AB - The CBA/CaJ (CB) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred strains of mice were exposed for 1 h to noise intensities between 98 and 119 dB SPL. Previous studies indicated that the B6 mice exhibited permanent threshold shifts (PTS) after 1h exposure to 110 dB, whereas the CB mice did not exhibit any PTS. These differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) appear to be due to a gene for age-related hearing loss (AHL). The current study was designed to determine dose-response curves for NIHL over the ranges of intensities of noise that would characterize the B6 and CB inbred strains of mice. Because of the considerable differences in sensitivity to NIHL, the noise exposures for the two strains overlapped only at 110 and 113 dB. Nevertheless, the two strains exhibited two different dose-response curves, offset and with different slopes. We postulate that the B6 strain of mice exhibits a more linear increase for PTS from 98-113 dB, consistent with incremental effects on some metabolic physiological mechanism(s); the abrupt transition in NIHL between 113 and 116 dB for the CB mice is consistent with an ototraumatic structural injury. JF - Hearing research AU - Davis, R R AU - Cheever, M L AU - Krieg, E F AU - Erway, L C AD - Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, Physical Agents Effects Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 134 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Auditory Threshold -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Models, Biological KW - Species Specificity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred CBA -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85307439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+research&rft.atitle=Quantitative+measure+of+genetic+differences+in+susceptibility+to+noise-induced+hearing+loss+in+two+strains+of+mice.&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BCheever%2C+M+L%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BErway%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainties in estimates of lesion detectability in diagnostic ultrasound. AN - 85306230; pmid-10462819 AB - Statistical properties of estimates of focal lesion detectability for medical ultrasonic imaging systems are investigated. Analytic forms for bias and variance of estimates of detectability of a lesion consisting of fully developed speckle embedded within a speckle background are derived. Bias and variance of estimates of detectability are investigated using a computer simulation and experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms. This work offers a systematic methodology for interpreting measurements on phantoms in order to assess lesion detectability. In addition, it provides useful results which may be used to improve design of phantoms and experiments for imaging-system performance assessment. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AU - Gagne, R M AU - Wagner, R F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1161 EP - 1173 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Humans KW - Diagnostic Equipment KW - Computer Simulation KW - Ultrasonography -- methods KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85306230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Uncertainties+in+estimates+of+lesion+detectability+in+diagnostic+ultrasound.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A%3BGagne%2C+R+M%3BWagner%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suicide prodrugs activated by thymidylate synthase: rationale for treatment and noninvasive imaging of tumors with deoxyuridine analogues. AN - 70008407; 10473074 AB - Most tumors are resistant to therapy by thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors due to their high levels of TS. Instead of inhibiting TS, we hypothesized that it was possible to use this enzyme to activate suicide prodrugs (deoxyuridine analogues) to more toxic species (thymidine analogues). Tumors with high levels of TS could be particularly sensitive to deoxyuridine analogues because they would be more efficient in producing the toxic methylated species. Furthermore, the accumulation of methylated species within tumors could be visualized externally if a tracer dose of the deoxyuridine analogue was tagged with an isotope, preferably a positron emitter, such as 18F. Higher accumulation of isotope indicates higher activity of TS and lower sensitivity of the tumor to TS inhibitors, but perhaps more sensitivity to therapy with deoxyuridine analogues as suicide prodrugs. 2'-F-ara-deoxyuridine (FAU) was used as a prototype to demonstrate these concepts experimentally. FAU readily entered cells and was phosphorylated, methylated, and subsequently incorporated into cellular DNA. Among different cell lines, FAU produced varying degrees of growth inhibition. Greater DNA incorporation (e.g., for CEM and U-937 cells) was reflected as increased toxicity. FAU produced less DNA incorporation in Raji or L1210 cells, and growth rate was minimally decreased. As the first demonstration that cells with high levels of TS activity can be more vulnerable to therapy than cells with low TS activity, this preliminary work suggests a new therapeutic approach for common human tumors that were previously resistant. Furthermore, it appears that the TS activity of tumors could be noninvasively imaged in situ by tracer doses of [18F]FAU and that this phenotypic information could guide patient therapy. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Collins, J M AU - Klecker, R W AU - Katki, A G AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. collinsj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1976 EP - 1981 VL - 5 IS - 8 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Fluorine Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Prodrugs KW - Floxuridine KW - 039LU44I5M KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil KW - 3083-77-0 KW - 2'fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine KW - 784-71-4 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Thymidylate Synthase KW - EC 2.1.1.45 KW - Clevudine KW - IN51MVP5F1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Phosphorylation KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Prodrugs -- pharmacokinetics KW - Floxuridine -- metabolism KW - Thymidylate Synthase -- metabolism KW - Prodrugs -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70008407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Suicide+prodrugs+activated+by+thymidylate+synthase%3A+rationale+for+treatment+and+noninvasive+imaging+of+tumors+with+deoxyuridine+analogues.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+M%3BKlecker%2C+R+W%3BKatki%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of microbiological contamination in a museum. AN - 69995445; 10462843 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Krake, A M AU - Worthington, K A AU - Wallingford, K M AU - Martinez, K F AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 499 EP - 509 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria KW - Humans KW - Fungi KW - Museums KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- etiology KW - Sick Building Syndrome -- microbiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69995445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+microbiological+contamination+in+a+museum.&rft.au=Krake%2C+A+M%3BWorthington%2C+K+A%3BWallingford%2C+K+M%3BMartinez%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factory performance evaluations of engineering controls for asphalt paving equipment. AN - 69993220; 10462852 AB - This article describes a unique analytical tool to assist the development and implementation of engineering controls for the asphalt paving industry. Through an agreement with the U.S. Department of Transportation, the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) assist U.S. manufacturers of asphalt paving equipment with the development and evaluation of engineering controls. The intended function of the controls was to capture and remove asphalt emissions generated during the paving process. NIOSH engineers developed a protocol to evaluate prototype engineering controls using qualitative smoke and quantitative tracer gas methods. Video recordings documented each prototype's ability to capture theatrical smoke under "managed" indoor conditions. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), released as a tracer gas, enabled quantification of the capture efficiency and exhaust flow rate for each prototype. During indoor evaluations, individual prototypes' capture efficiencies averaged from 7 percent to 100 percent. Outdoor evaluations resulted in average capture efficiencies ranging from 81 percent down to 1 percent as wind gusts disrupted the ability of the controls to capture the SF6. The tracer gas testing protocol successfully revealed deficiencies in prototype designs which otherwise may have gone undetected. It also showed that the combination of a good enclosure and higher exhaust ventilation rate provided the highest capture efficiency. Some manufacturers used the stationary evaluation results to compare performances among multiple hood designs. All the manufacturers identified areas where their prototype designs were susceptible to cross-draft interferences. These stationary performance evaluations proved to be a valuable method to identify strengths and weaknesses in individual designs and subsequently optimize those designs prior to expensive analytical field studies. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Mead, K R AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Brumagin, T E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 565 EP - 573 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Health KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69993220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Factory+performance+evaluations+of+engineering+controls+for+asphalt+paving+equipment.&rft.au=Mead%2C+K+R%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BBrumagin%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contact sensitivity to selected acrylate compounds in B6C3F1 mice: relative potency, cross reactivity, and comparison of test methods. AN - 69956450; 10445160 AB - Given the increasing prevalence of occupational sensitization to acrylate compounds, n-butyl acrylate (BAC), ethyl acrylate (EAC), and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMT) were recommended by the National Toxicology Program for hypersensitivity testing in female B6C3F1 mice. The objectives of these studies were to determine the irritating and sensitizing potential of these three compounds using an irritation assay, the murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA), and the Mouse Ear Swelling Test (MEST). The minimal irritating concentration for TMT was determined to be 1.0%, whereas BAC and EAC demonstrated no irritation up to 30%, the highest concentration tested. TMT tested positive in the LLNA at concentrations as low as 0.1% whereas an induction concentration of 0.3% was required to elicit a positive response in the MEST. Furthermore, BAC tested negative in the MEST at induction concentrations as high as 30%, but yielded positive results in the LLNA at concentrations as low as 20%. EAC, at all concentrations tested, was negative in both the MEST and the LLNA. Cross reactivity was only seen when mice were sensitized with TMT and challenged with BAC. In these studies, the LLNA was a more sensitive indicator of the allergic potential of these three acrylates when compared to the MEST. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Hayes, B B AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 491 EP - 506 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Mice KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Cross Reactions KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- etiology KW - Acrylates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69956450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Contact+sensitivity+to+selected+acrylate+compounds+in+B6C3F1+mice%3A+relative+potency%2C+cross+reactivity%2C+and+comparison+of+test+methods.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+B+B%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential significance of airborne fiber dimensions measured in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber manufacturing industry. AN - 69880538; 10398937 AB - To determine dimensions of airborne fibers in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) manufacturing industry, fibers collected through personal air sampling for employees at RCF manufacturing and processing operations have been measured. Data were derived from transmission electron microscopy analyses of 118 air samples collected over a 20-year period. Characteristics of sized fibers include: diameter measurements of 20 micron, with 68% of fibers between 2.4 and 20 micron. Exposures in RCF manufacturing include airborne fibers with dimensions (diameter < 0.1-0.4 micron, length < 10 micron) historically associated with biological effects in pleural tissues. Air sampling data and a review of studies relating fiber size to pleural effects in animals and humans support the belief that information on fiber dimensions is essential for studies with synthetic vitreous fibers. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Lentz, T J AU - Rice, C H AU - Lockey, J E AU - Succop, P A AU - Lemasters, G K AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (MA C-32), Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. tbl7@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 286 EP - 298 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Phase-Contrast KW - Pleural Diseases -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Pleura -- pathology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Mineral Fibers -- adverse effects KW - Ceramics -- chemical synthesis KW - Mineral Fibers -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Mineral Fibers -- classification KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- classification KW - Ceramics -- classification KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Ceramics -- adverse effects KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69880538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Potential+significance+of+airborne+fiber+dimensions+measured+in+the+U.S.+refractory+ceramic+fiber+manufacturing+industry.&rft.au=Lentz%2C+T+J%3BRice%2C+C+H%3BLockey%2C+J+E%3BSuccop%2C+P+A%3BLemasters%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research (Arlington, Virginia, October 29-30, 1998). AN - 62314911; ED443892 AB - In 1998, one decade after the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act was implemented and research results on the impacts of funding were becoming available, an evaluation of the effectiveness of fifteen programs, which included services such as emergency shelter, primary health care, and education, was needed This report presents 13 papers from a conference on homelessness research: (1) "Demographics and Geography: Estimating Needs" (Martha R. Burt); (2) "Special Populations of Homeless Americans" (Robert Rosensheck, Ellen Bassuk, and Amy Salomon); (3) "Homeless Youth: Research, Intervention, and Policy" (Marjorie J. Robertson and Paul A. Toro); (4) "Making Homeless Programs Accountable to Consumers, Funders, and the Public" (Dennis Culhane, David Eldridge, Robert Rosenheck, and Carol Wilkins); (5) "Giving Voice to Homeless People in Policy, Practice and Research" (Nicole Glasser); (6) "To Dance with Grace: Outreach and Engagement to Persons on the Street" (Sally Erickson and Jaimie Page); (7) "A Review of Case Management for People Who are Homeless: Implications for Practice, Policy, and Research" (Gary Morse); (8) "Balancing Act: Clinical Practices that Respond to the Needs of Homeless People" (Marsha McMurray-Avila, Lillian Gelberg, and William R. Breakey); (9) "Emergency Shelter and Services: Opening a Front Door to the Continuum of Care" (Judith D. Feins and Linda B. Fosburg); (10) "Transitional Housing and Services: A Synthesis" (Sue Barrow and Rita Zimmer); (11) "Reconnecting Homeless Individuals and Families to the Community" (Debra J. Rog and C. Scott Holupka); (12) "What Do We Know about the Systems Integration and Homelessness?" (Deborah L. Dennis, Joseph J. Cocozza, and Henry J. Steadman); and (13) "Rethinking the Prevention of Homelessness" (Marybeth Shinn and Jim Baumohl). Three appendixes contain an agenda, biographies, and participant list. (Each paper contains references.) (SM) AU - Fosburg, Linda B. AU - Dennis, Deborah L. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 473 KW - Case Management KW - Consumer Participation KW - Emergency Shelters KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - Integrated Services KW - Community Resources KW - Child Health KW - Public Policy KW - Housing Needs KW - Accountability KW - Child Welfare KW - Health Needs KW - Prevention KW - Social Services KW - Research KW - Homeless People KW - Physical Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62314911?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Practical lessons: the 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research AN - 59839648; 2001-0301240 AB - Discusses needs of the homeless population, including youth, and accountability of homeless programs, policy, clinical practices for homeless people, transitional housing and services, and prevention of homelessness; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, August 1999. AU - Fosburg, Linda B AU - Dennis, Deborah L Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Youth -- Social aspects KW - Homeless persons -- Medical care KW - Social problems -- United States KW - Social service -- Work with homeless persons KW - Homeless persons -- Research KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Shelters (social service) -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59839648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Fosburg%2C+Linda+B%3BDennis%2C+Deborah+L&rft.aulast=Fosburg&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Practical+lessons%3A+the+1998+National+Symposium+on+Homelessness+Research&rft.title=Practical+lessons%3A+the+1998+National+Symposium+on+Homelessness+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/progsys/homeless/symposium/Toc.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An update of antidote availability in veterinary medicine AN - 17470832; 4676861 AB - Lack of commercially available antidotes for animals is an issue of significant concern to the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology. A few antidotes are available for food animals through extra-label use, regulatory discretion and compounding. However, regulatory restrictions arising from human food safety concerns have limited the availability of food animal antidotes. Use of some antidotes in food animals requires establishment of an investigational new animal drug application. Antidotes are generally more available for non-food animals from several sources: approved animal drugs, extra-label use of approved animal and human drugs, regulatory discretion and compounding. Present alternatives are discussed as well as the need for legislation to increase antidote availability. Human food safety will always be an issue for food animal antidotes. Future availability of non-food animal and food animal antidotes will depend on several mechanisms and may include the establishment of veterinary antidote depots. Stakeholders are encouraged to participate in identifying and implementing these mechanisms. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Post, LO AU - Keller, W C AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 258 EP - 261 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Poisoning KW - Feeds KW - Antidotes KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17470832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=An+update+of+antidote+availability+in+veterinary+medicine&rft.au=Post%2C+LO%3BKeller%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=LO&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Veterinary medicine; Antidotes; Feeds; Poisoning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in American adults: a clinical and epidemiologic profile AN - 17402203; 4623658 AB - Because enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is not identified by routine stool culture methods, ETEC outbreaks may go unrecognized, and opportunities for treatment and prevention may be missed. To improve recognition of adult ETEC outbreaks, we compared them with reported outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. During 1975-95, we identified 14 ETEC outbreaks in the United States and 7 on cruise ships, caused by 17 different serotypes and affecting 5683 persons. Median symptom prevalences were: diarrhoea 99%, abdominal cramps 82%, nausea 49%, fever 22%, vomiting 14%. The median incubation period was 42 h, and for 8 of 10 outbreaks, the mean or median duration of illness was > 72 h (range 24-264). For 17 (81%) ETEC outbreaks, but for only 2 (8%) viral outbreaks, the prevalence of diarrhoea was greater than or equal to 2.5 times the prevalence of vomiting. ETEC outbreaks may be differentiated from viral gastroenteritis outbreaks by a diarrhoea-to-vomiting prevalence ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5 and a longer duration of illness. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Dalton, C B AU - Mintz, ED AU - Wells, J G AU - Bopp, CA AU - Tauxe, R V AD - Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Mailstop A-38, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 9 EP - 16 VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - outbreaks KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - Enterotoxins KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+infection+in+American+adults%3A+a+clinical+and+epidemiologic+profile&rft.au=Dalton%2C+C+B%3BMintz%2C+ED%3BWells%2C+J+G%3BBopp%2C+CA%3BTauxe%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268899002526 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal tract; Enterotoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268899002526 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific consultation for a chemical mixture AN - 17397142; 4606429 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses the weight of evidence methodology to evaluate interactions of chemical mixtures. In the process, toxicity, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics of chemical components of the mixture are carefully examined. Based on the evaluation, predictions are made that can be used in real-life situations at hazardous waste sites. In this paper, health outcomes were evaluated for a mixture of eight compounds that were found at a specific site. These eight chemicals were identified and possibly associated with human exposure. The health assessors could consider similar thought processes when evaluating chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Pohl, H R AU - Roney, N AU - Fay, M AU - Chou, C-HSJ AU - Wilbur, S AU - Holler, J AD - ATSDR-CDC, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 4 Executive Park E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 470 EP - 479 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Mixtures KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17397142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Site-specific+consultation+for+a+chemical+mixture&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BRoney%2C+N%3BFay%2C+M%3BChou%2C+C-HSJ%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BHoller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mixtures; Risk assessment; Waste disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Postural Stability in Workers Exposed to Lead at a Secondary Lead Smelter AN - 17393712; 4611089 AB - Postural sway testing was carried out on a group of 145 workers exposed to lead in a secondary lead smelter and 84 workers not exposed to lead in a hinge manufacturing plant. All workers were measured for blood lead levels (BLL) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations at the time of testing and both a total cumulative and a time-weighted average BLL value was constructed for the lead exposed workers. The lead exposed workers mean BLL at the time of testing was 38.9 mu g/dl and the non-exposed workers mean was 2.3 mu g/dl. ZPP levels averaged 55.2 mu g/dl for exposed workers and 18.9 mu g/dl for non-exposed workers. Total cumulative BLL averaged 83476 mu g/dl days for the exposed workers, with a mean time-weighted average BLL of 35.1 mu g/dl. Six tests of postural stability, four two leg conditions and two single leg conditions were administered to all subjects using a force platform to produce measurements of sway for comparison purposes. The two leg conditions also manipulated the visual and proprioceptive systems. A statistically significant association was observed for sway measurements and the current BLL for all workers, but not with the current BLL of only the lead exposed workers. No statistically significant associations were present with the cumulative measures of long-term exposure. Of the six tests of sway, only the single leg conditions showed significant exposure effects. The results suggest effects of lead exposure among those with average BLL near 40.0 mu g/dl, but only in the most challenging one leg conditions. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Dick, R B AU - Pinkerton, LE AU - Krieg, EF Jr AU - Biagini, R E AU - Deddens, JA AU - Brightwell, W S AU - Grubb, P L AU - Taylor, B T AU - Russo, J M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rbdi@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 595 EP - 608 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - man KW - postural stability KW - blood levels KW - posture KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Balance KW - Occupational exposure KW - Smelters KW - Blood levels KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Posture KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Postural+Stability+in+Workers+Exposed+to+Lead+at+a+Secondary+Lead+Smelter&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BPinkerton%2C+LE%3BKrieg%2C+EF+Jr%3BBiagini%2C+R+E%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BBrightwell%2C+W+S%3BGrubb%2C+P+L%3BTaylor%2C+B+T%3BRusso%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurotoxicity; Occupational exposure; Smelters; Heavy metals; Blood levels; Lead; Posture; Balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal Harmful Substances or Environmental Exposures in Agriculture, 1992 to 1996 AN - 17373461; 4601687 AB - Data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries surveillance system from 1992 through 1996 were analyzed to allow a better understanding of exposures to harmful substances or environments that resulted in agricultural work fatalities. There were 357 fatalities as a result of these exposures in the agriculture production and agriculture services sectors, representing 10% of all work-related deaths that occurred in these industry sectors during this period. Contact with electric current represented 52.9% of these fatalities. Agricultural services reported 87 electrocutions, 50 of which occurred among tree trimmers. The events most likely to result in fatalities were contact with overhead power lines (26.3%) and drowning (17.1%). The overall fatality rate was 2.1 deaths per 100,000 workers. The development of appropriate hazard-awareness training for workers, such as that for electrical and drowning-related hazards, may help prevent future deaths in these industry sectors. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Adekoya, N AU - Myers, J R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, P-180, Morgantown, WV 26505 Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 699 EP - 705 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - man KW - drowning KW - electrocution KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Agricultural practices KW - Accidents KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Training KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+Harmful+Substances+or+Environmental+Exposures+in+Agriculture%2C+1992+to+1996&rft.au=Adekoya%2C+N%3BMyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Adekoya&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Accidents; Mortality; Occupational safety; Training; Agriculture; Occupational exposure; Agricultural practices ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration Proposed Testing Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Studies AN - 17369821; 4581947 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency responsible for ensuring that the direct food additives and color additives used in food in the United States are safe for all consumers. In 1982, in an effort to provide guidance concerning appropriate tests, the FDA issued Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food, commonly known as the Redbook. The Redbook included detailed guidelines for testing the effects of direct and indirect food and color additives on mothers and their developing fetuses. Based on refinements in safety assessment and risk evaluation as well as expansion of knowledge concerning the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of food and color additives, the need to revise and update the 1982 document became apparent. In 1993, Redbook II in draft form was made available for public comment. Since then, test end points and developmental landmarks have been refined. The latest proposed guidelines for developmental toxicity studies are provided here. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Hansen, D K AU - Welsh, J J AD - Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN, HFS-507, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - USA KW - USA, Food and Drug Administration KW - developmental stages KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Government policy KW - Food dyes KW - Toxicity KW - Government regulations KW - Food additives KW - Toxicity testing KW - Legislation KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17369821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+Proposed+Testing+Guidelines+for+Developmental+Toxicity+Studies&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BWelsh%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Frtph.1999.1307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity; Food additives; Government regulations; Toxicity testing; Government policy; Food dyes; Safety; Risk assessment; Legislation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1999.1307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal action of oral ampicillin/sulbactam against Mycobacterium leprae AN - 17350966; 4629332 AB - We reported previously that an injectable form of ampicillin/sulbactam, Unasyn, was bactericidal to Mycobacterium leprae multiplying in mouse foot pads. In this study, we examined the effect of an orally active form of ampicillin/sulbactam, Sultamicillin, on the growth of M. leprae in mice. Three concentrations of the drug, mixed with the feed, were administered from the start until the mice were killed at 6 months; 0.01% of the drug inhibited bacterial growth by 54%, 0.10% by 74% and 0.20% by 93%. To test whether oral ampicillin/sulbactam was bactericidal, 0.50% of the drug, mixed with the feed, was administered to experimentally infected mice for 3 months during the logarithmic phase of bacterial growth, and then discontinued; multiplication of the bacilli was monitored monthly for the next 8 months. The results showed that orally active ampicillin/sulbactam is bactericidal to M. leprae. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Randhawa, B AU - Harris, E B AU - Prabhakaran, K AD - Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center at Louisiana State University, US Public Health Service, PO Box 25072, Baton Rouge, LA 70894-5072, USA, Kprahakaran@mail.vetmed.isu.edu Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 279 EP - 281 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Sulbactam KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium leprae KW - Bactericides KW - Animal models KW - Ampicillin KW - Sultamicillin KW - J 02843:Skin UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17350966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+action+of+oral+ampicillin%2Fsulbactam+against+Mycobacterium+leprae&rft.au=Randhawa%2C+B%3BHarris%2C+E+B%3BPrabhakaran%2C+K&rft.aulast=Randhawa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium leprae; Sultamicillin; Bactericides; Ampicillin; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Chemistry for the Production of Synthetic Oligodeoxyribonucleotides AN - 17342751; 4606509 AB - A number of years ago, we and others realized that polyamines play an important role in the stabilization of DNA triplex structures. For example, we found that 1,3-diaminopropane stabilized the DNA triple helix (dT sub(18)- dA sub(18))dT sub(18) in the absence of magnesium salts, which are usually required for the formation of such triplexes. Moreover, the triplex structure was strikingly more thermostable in the presence of 10 mM 1,3- diaminopropane (T sub(m) = 43 degree C) than with 10 mM magnesium chloride (T sub(m) = 33 degree C) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer, pH 7.4. Interestingly, the use of 1,2-diaminoethane did not lead to triple helix formation under the same conditions, and 1,4-diaminobutane was much less efficient than 1,3- diaminopropane in stabilizing (dT sub(18)-dA sub(18))dT sub(18) (data not shown). These findings encouraged us to investigate the chemical interaction of 1,3-diaminopropane with DNA triple helices. Computer-assisted modeling suggests that the size and shape of 1,3-diaminopropane are just adequate for charge neutralization between the phosphodiester groups of the triplex- forming oligonucleotide and those of the DNA duplex. In this context, model studies also showed that 1,2-diaminoethane and 1,4-diaminobutane are too small and too large, respectively, for efficient charge neutralization between the DNA third strand and the duplex. JF - Antisense and Nucleic Acid Drug Development AU - Wilk, A AU - Grajkowski, A AU - Srinivasachar, K AU - Beaucage, S L AD - FDA-CBER. Building 29A, Room 3B-06, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 361 EP - 366 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1087-2906, 1087-2906 KW - 1,3-diaminopropane KW - oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - oligonucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Magnesium KW - W3 33385:DNA/RNA KW - N 14220:Chemical synthesis & properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17342751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antisense+and+Nucleic+Acid+Drug+Development&rft.atitle=Improved+Chemistry+for+the+Production+of+Synthetic+Oligodeoxyribonucleotides&rft.au=Wilk%2C+A%3BGrajkowski%2C+A%3BSrinivasachar%2C+K%3BBeaucage%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Wilk&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antisense+and+Nucleic+Acid+Drug+Development&rft.issn=10872906&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnesium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethical Issues in the Use of Genetic Markers in Occupational Epidemiologic Research AN - 17332479; 4601681 AB - This review was conducted to characterize the nature of contemporary occupational epidemiologic research involving genetic markers, consider how genetic information is unique with regard to its social applications, and examine some of the ethical dilemmas that may arise over the course of studies. We have reviewed the literature and the lessons from our experience in conducting occupational epidemiologic research involving genetic markers. This review describes how occupational epidemiologic studies differ from other epidemiologic studies on issues of participation, confidentiality, and the history of including genetic markers. Of primary concern in occupational studies are genes that have multiple alleles and are sometimes referred to as "metabolic polymorphisms." They generally do not confer risk on their own but rather only in combination with a specific exposure. There is a need for a clear policy and guidelines for the conduct of occupational epidemiologic studies using genetic material. This policy should address all of the steps in study design, implementation, interpretation, and communication of results. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lomax, G P AU - Ward, E M AU - Colligan, MJ AD - Education and Information Division, NIOSH, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 639 EP - 646 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - genetic markers KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Ethics KW - Research programs KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17332479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ethical+Issues+in+the+Use+of+Genetic+Markers+in+Occupational+Epidemiologic+Research&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLomax%2C+G+P%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BColligan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research programs; Ethics; Occupational health; Bioindicators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serotyping of group B streptococcal isolates AN - 17273098; 4588057 AB - Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common organisms causing neonatal sepsis as well as serious infections in adults. Serotyping the organism is important in studying the epidemiology of the disease as well as deciding a course of treatment. There are several methods available for serotyping. Most of them need high-titered sera and are not quantitative. We are reporting a new inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serotyping which is sensitive and specific compared to the conventional methods but does not need high-titered serotype-specific antisera, as the specificity is controlled by the polysaccharide coating on the ELISA plates. The method can also be quantitative, and we have measured polysaccharide elaborated by different serotype V strains. Thus, the inhibition ELISA method will be useful in serotyping for epidemiological studies, assessing virulence, and performing strain selection for vaccine production. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Arakere, G AU - Flores, A E AU - Ferrieri, P AU - Frasch, CE AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Mailstop HFM-428, Rockville, MD 20853, USA, arakereg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 2564 EP - 2567 VL - 37 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Serotyping KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17273098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+serotyping+of+group+B+streptococcal+isolates&rft.au=Arakere%2C+G%3BFlores%2C+A+E%3BFerrieri%2C+P%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Arakere&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus agalactiae; Serotyping; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 associates with microtubules and dynein during invasion of human intestinal cells AN - 17271788; 4588174 AB - Campylobacter jejuni uptake into cultured INT407 cells was analyzed kinetically over a wide range of starting multiplicities of infection (MOI; from 0.02 to 20,000 bacteria/epithelial cell). The efficiency of internalization was the highest at MOI of 0.02 and decreased steadily at higher MOIs, presumably due to reported C. jejuni autoagglutination at higher densities. Total internalized Campylobacter CFU increased gradually from an MOI of 0.02 to a peak at an MOI of 200 (reaching an average of two bacteria internalized per epithelial cell) and decreased at higher MOIs. The invasion process was apparently saturated within 2 h at an MOI of 200, indicating stringent host cell limitations on this entry process. Furthermore, whereas control Salmonella typhi invaded all monolayer cells within 1 h, only two-thirds of monolayer cells were infected after 2 h with C. jejuni at MOIs of 200 to 2,000. The percentage of Campylobacter-infected host cells gradually increased to 85% after 7 h of infection, suggesting that C. jejuni entry may be host cell cycle dependent. Direct evidence of the involvement of microtubules in C. jejuni internalization, suggested previously by biochemical inhibitor studies, was obtained by time course immunofluorescence microscopic analyses. Bacteria initially bound to the tips of host cell membrane extensions containing microtubules, then aligned in parallel with microtubules during entry, colocalized specifically with microtubules and dynein but not with microfilaments, and moved over 4 h, presumably via microtubules to the perinuclear region of host cells. Orthovanadate, which inhibits dynein activity, specifically reduced C. jejuni 81-176 entry, suggesting that this molecular motor is involved in entry and endosome trafficking during this novel bacterial internalization process. Collectively, these data suggest that C. jejuni enters host cells in a targeted and tightly controlled process leading to uptake into an endosomal vacuole which apparently moves intracellularly along microtubules via the molecular motor, dynein, to the perinuclear region. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hu, L AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, FDA-Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bldg. 29/420, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Kopecko@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 4171 EP - 4182 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - INT 407 cells KW - Orthovanadate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Microtubules KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Intestine KW - Dynein KW - Epithelium KW - Immunofluorescence KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17271788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+jejuni+81-176+associates+with+microtubules+and+dynein+during+invasion+of+human+intestinal+cells&rft.au=Hu%2C+L%3BKopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Dynein; Epithelium; Microtubules; Immunofluorescence; Intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neoplastic potential of rat tracheal epithelial cell lines induced by 1-nitropyrene and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene AN - 18319208; 5360734 AB - Our previous study showed that both 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene (DBP) induced enhanced growth variants (EGVs) in primary cultures of rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells exposed in vivo. Cell lines were established from some of the EGVs. Further studies, using anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice, were performed to determine the neoplastic potential of EGVs induced by 1-NP and DBP. Results show that three of five from DBP- and five of five from 1-NP-induced cell lines displayed anchorage-independent growth. The colony forming efficiency (CFE) from DBP-induced cell lines was 0.067ppt and CFE from 1-NP-induced cell lines was 0.151ppt. There is a significant difference between the two CFEs ( mu =12.08, P<0.01). Two of five DBP- and five of five 1-NP-induced cell lines produced squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in nude mice. The rate of tumorigenicity counted by injected sites was 20% (6/30) for DBP-induced cell lines and 57% (17/30) for 1-NP-induced cell lines. There is a significant difference between the results of tumorigenicity from the cell lines induced by the two different compounds ( chi super(2)=8.53, P<0.01). Neither of the two cell lines from spontaneously developed foci grew in soft agar or produced SCC in nude mice. It seems that the neoplastic potential of transformed RTE cells induced by 1-NP was higher than that of DBP. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Ensell, M X AU - Hubbs, A AU - Zhou, G AU - Battelli, L AU - Nath, J AU - Ong, T AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road Morgantown, WV USA Y1 - 1999/07/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 21 SP - 193 EP - 199 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 444 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - dibenzo(a,i)pyrene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - 1-Nitropyrene KW - Trachea KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18319208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Neoplastic+potential+of+rat+tracheal+epithelial+cell+lines+induced+by+1-nitropyrene+and+dibenzo%28a%2Ci%29pyrene&rft.au=Ensell%2C+M+X%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BZhou%2C+G%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BNath%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ensell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-21&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trachea; 1-Nitropyrene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of phytoestrogens on human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. AN - 69924851; 10424789 AB - Diet has been implicated as a possible link to the etiology, promotion and/or progression of many diseases, including cancer. Recently, interest has been focused on the cancer-protective role of several of the hormone-like diphenolic phytoestrogens, lignans, and isoflavonoids. This study examined the chemoprotective effects of genistein, biochanin A, equol, and coumestrol on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Two human adenocarcinoma cell lines, HPAF-11 from a male and Su 86.86 from a female, were used. HPAF-11 cells were exposed for 24 h to these agents at concentrations of 1 and 10 microM. Su 86.86 cells were exposed for 24 h at a concentration of 1 microM. Coumestrol and equol at higher concentrations were toxic to the Su 86.86 cells. These agents displayed marked differences between cell lines in inhibition of growth. Equol and coumestrol inhibited the growth of the female pancreatic tumor cells by 95%; however, these agents stimulated the growth of pancreatic tumor cells from the male. Genistein also stimulated growth in the male pancreatic tumor cells, but had little effect on pancreatic tumor cells from the female. Biochanin A inhibited growth of both male and female tumor cells, but to a lesser extent than other agents. This study also indicated a difference in K-ras expression in pancreatic tumors cells treated with these agents. Equol and coumestrol decreased K-ras expression in the female tumor cell line. Genistein increased expression of K-ras in both male and female pancreatic tumor cells. Genistein also increased expressions of the multidrug resistant (mdr-1) gene in the male tumor-cell line, while coumestrol and biochanin A decreased expression. Equol had no effect on mdr-1 expression. Whether the chemoprotective potential of equol and coumestrol against pancreatic cancer is greater in females than males is being further studied. JF - Cancer letters AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AU - Stottman, H L AU - Yan, Y AU - Blann, E AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Hammons, G J AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. bcook@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 19 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Isoflavones KW - Phytoestrogens KW - Plant Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Plants KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- therapeutic use KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69924851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+phytoestrogens+on+human+pancreatic+tumor+cells+in+vitro.&rft.au=Lyn-Cook%2C+B+D%3BStottman%2C+H+L%3BYan%2C+Y%3BBlann%2C+E%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BHammons%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Lyn-Cook&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-19&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Serology in the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease AN - 17371117; 4568111 AB - Numerous concerns regarding the potential for misdiagnosis of Lyme disease using commercial assays have been voiced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We attempted to clarify the clinical value of serologic testing for Lyme disease using the results of commonly marketed assays for detecting antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi, the organism that causes Lyme disease. We reviewed published studies on B burgdorferi test performance published through 1998, package insert labeling from FDA-cleared test kits for B burgdorferi, and Lyme Disease Survey Set LY-A from the College of American Pathologists. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of commercial serologic tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], immunofluorescence antibody [IFA], and immunodot) for diagnosis of Lyme disease. To reduce this risk of misdiagnosis, it is important that clinicians understand the performance characteristics and limitations of these tests. These tests, in common use in clinical or commercial laboratories, should be used only to support a clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease, not as the primary basis for making diagnostic or treatment decisions. Serologic testing is not useful early in the course of Lyme disease because of the low sensitivity of tests in early disease. Serologic testing may be more useful in later disease, at which time sensitivity and specificity of the test are improved. Positive or equivocal results on an ELISA, IFA, or immunodot assay requires supplemental testing with a Western blot assay. A negative result on the Western blot or ELISA indicates that there is no serologic evidence of infection by B burgdorferi at the time the sample was drawn. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Brown, S L AU - Hansen, S L AU - Langone, J J AD - 1350 Piccard Dr, HFZ-541, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 07 SP - 62 EP - 66 VL - 282 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immunoblotting KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Diagnostic agents KW - Lyme disease KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Role+of+Serology+in+the+Diagnosis+of+Lyme+Disease&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BHansen%2C+S+L%3BLangone%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-07&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Borrelia burgdorferi; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunofluorescence; Immunoblotting; Lyme disease; Diagnostic agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of environmental contaminant exposure: an intrafile comparison of the Trichloroethylene Subregistry. AN - 85260638; pmid-10433181 AB - The establishment of the National Exposure Registry represents the first major effort toward longitudinal surveillance of general populations exposed long-term to low levels of specific substances in the environment. The authors investigated the National Exposure Registry's Trichloroethylene Subregistry intrasubregistry differences with respect to health outcomes and the possible relationships with types and levels of chemical exposure. Investigators divided the 4041 living members of the Trichloroethylene Subregistry into 4 subgroups, by type(s) of exposures (chemicals) and duration and level of exposures. The authors compared the reporting rates for 25 health outcomes across subgroups. The authors used logistic regression, in which age, sex, education, smoking history, and occupational history were the covariates. Statistically significant increases in reporting rates were seen with (a) increased maximum trichloroethylene exposures for the outcome stroke, (b) increased cumulative chemical exposure for respiratory allergies, and (c) duration of exposure for hearing impairment. Consistently elevated reporting rates across the exposure subgroups were seen for hearing impairment, speech impairment, asthma and emphysema, respiratory allergies, and stroke. Reporting rates for urinary tract disorders were related only to cumulative chemical levels. The authors noted that there appeared to be a relationship between trichloroethylene and reporting rates for speech impairment, hearing impairment, and stroke and between volatile organic compounds and asthma and emphysema, respiratory allergies, and urinary tract disorders. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Burg, J R AU - Gist, G L AD - Exposure and Disease Registry Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 231 EP - 241 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - United States KW - Emphysema KW - Speech Disorders KW - Human KW - Solvents KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders KW - Population Surveillance KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Urologic Diseases KW - Logistic Models KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Middle Age KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity KW - Registries KW - Hazardous Waste UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+environmental+contaminant+exposure%3A+an+intrafile+comparison+of+the+Trichloroethylene+Subregistry.&rft.au=Burg%2C+J+R%3BGist%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of glycols in air: development of sampling and analytical methodology and application to theatrical smokes. AN - 85240167; pmid-10462779 AB - Glycol-based fluids are used in the production of theatrical smokes in theaters, concerts, and other stage productions. The fluids are heated and dispersed in aerosol form to create the effect of a smoke, mist, or fog. There have been reports of adverse health effects such as respiratory irritation, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma, and skin rashes. Previous attempts to collect and quantify the aerosolized glycols used in fogging agents have been plagued by inconsistent results, both in the efficiency of collection and in the chromatographic analysis of the glycol components. The development of improved sampling and analytical methodology for aerosolized glycols was required to assess workplace exposures more effectively. An Occupational Safety and Health Administration versatile sampler tube was selected for the collection of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol aerosols. Analytical methodology for the separation, identification, and quantitation of the six glycols using gas chromatography/flame ionization detection is described. Limits of detection of the glycol analytes ranged from 7 to 16 micrograms/sample. Desorption efficiencies for all glycol compounds were determined over the range of study and averaged greater than 90%. Storage stability results were acceptable after 28 days for all analytes except ethylene glycol, which was stable at ambient temperature for 14 days. Based on the results of this study, the new glycol method was published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Pendergrass, S M AD - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 452 EP - 457 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Smoke KW - Aerosols KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Human KW - Air Pollutants KW - Glycols KW - Chemistry, Analytical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85240167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+glycols+in+air%3A+development+of+sampling+and+analytical+methodology+and+application+to+theatrical+smokes.&rft.au=Pendergrass%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Pendergrass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of serology in the diagnosis of Lyme disease. AN - 85223779; pmid-10404913 AB - Numerous concerns regarding the potential for misdiagnosis of Lyme disease using commercial assays have been voiced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We attempted to clarify the clinical value of serologic testing for Lyme disease using the results of commonly marketed assays for detecting antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi, the organism that causes Lyme disease. We reviewed published studies on B burgdorferi test performance published through 1998, package insert labeling from FDA-cleared test kits for B burgdorferi, and Lyme Disease Survey Set LY-A from the College of American Pathologists. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of commercial serologic tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], immunofluorescence antibody [IFA], and immunodot) for diagnosis of Lyme disease. To reduce this risk of misdiagnosis, it is important that clinicians understand the performance characteristics and limitations of these tests. These tests, in common use in clinical or commercial laboratories, should be used only to support a clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease, not as the primary basis for making diagnostic or treatment decisions. Serologic testing is not useful early in the course of Lyme disease because of the low sensitivity of tests in early disease. Serologic testing may be more useful in later disease, at which time sensitivity and specificity of the test are improved. Positive or equivocal results on an ELISA, IFA, or immunodot assay requires supplemental testing with a Western blot assay. A negative result on the Western blot or ELISA indicates that there is no serologic evidence of infection by B burgdorferi at the time the sample was drawn. JF - JAMA AU - Brown, S L AU - Hansen, S L AU - Langone, J J AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 62 EP - 66 VL - 282 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - United States KW - Blotting, Western KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Borrelia burgdorferi Group KW - Serologic Tests KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - Human KW - Lyme Disease KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Diagnostic Errors KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Immunologic Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85223779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Role+of+serology+in+the+diagnosis+of+Lyme+disease.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BHansen%2C+S+L%3BLangone%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contrast Medium- and Mannitol-Induced Apoptosis in Heart and Kidney of SHR Rats AN - 754891344; 13490756 AB - The induction of apoptosis by contrast media (CM) and mannitol (M) was investigated in the hearts and kidneys of 12-mo-old male SHR rats. Ten groups of 3 SHR rats received a dose of 5 ml/kg of one of the following: Hypaque (H)-30. H-60, H-76, Omnipaque (O)-140, O-350, mannitol (M)-4%, M-9%, M-19%, M-27%, or saline (S). DNA fragmentation was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated [TdT] dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the morphology characteristics of apoptosis were confirmed in cardiac and renal cells. The immunoreactivities of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 were assessed immunohistochemically in the kidneys. Apoptosis occurred in cardiac myocytes and renal tubular and glomerular cells as well as in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the heart and kidneys. The high frequency of apoptosis correlated significantly with the increase in the osmolality of the H, O, and M. The increased Bax, the increased p53, and the decreased Bcl-2 immunoreactivities were detected in H- or O-treated, but not in M-treated, rats. These findings suggest that CM and M activate cardiac and renal apoptosis by different mechanisms and that the apoptotic process may be implicated in acute heart and renal damage. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Duarte, Cristobal G AU - Ellis, Sydney AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (HFD-910), Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, and Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 427 EP - 435 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cardiotoxicity KW - nephrotoxicity KW - terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated [TdT] dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) KW - Bcl-2 KW - Bax KW - p53 KW - osmolality KW - Smooth muscle KW - Heart KW - Apoptosis KW - Cardiac muscle KW - cardiomyocytes KW - p53 protein KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Mannitol KW - Bax protein KW - Immunoreactivity KW - Contrast media KW - Kidney KW - Bcl-2 protein KW - DNA nucleotidylexotransferase KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754891344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Contrast+Medium-+and+Mannitol-Induced+Apoptosis+in+Heart+and+Kidney+of+SHR+Rats&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BDuarte%2C+Cristobal+G%3BEllis%2C+Sydney&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339902700406 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Smooth muscle; Apoptosis; Cardiac muscle; cardiomyocytes; p53 protein; DNA fragmentation; Mannitol; Bax protein; Immunoreactivity; Kidney; Contrast media; Bcl-2 protein; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339902700406 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nurses play a pivotal role in adverse event problem identification. AN - 70850296; 10514642 JF - International journal of trauma nursing AU - Rich, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 110 EP - 112 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1075-4210, 1075-4210 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Nurses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70850296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+trauma+nursing&rft.atitle=Nurses+play+a+pivotal+role+in+adverse+event+problem+identification.&rft.au=Rich%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+trauma+nursing&rft.issn=10754210&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bleeding episodes in HIV-positive patients taking HIV protease inhibitors: a case series. AN - 70010949; 10469181 AB - In July 1996 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alerted healthcare providers about 15 case reports of spontaneous bleeding episodes in HIV-positive haemophiliacs taking HIV protease inhibitors. In order to characterize the bleeding associated with HIV protease inhibitor therapy, the FDA's spontaneous adverse event reporting system was searched through 28 February 1997. The bleeding episode reporting rate for persons with haemophilia was compared for HIV protease inhibitors and zidovudine, and the characteristics of haemorrhagic events were compared between individuals with and without haemophilia. There was a substantial predominance of bleeding episodes for haemophiliacs taking HIV protease inhibitors (39 of 67; 58%) as compared with zidovudine (two of 63; 3.2%). A comparison of 39 reports of bleeding in haemophiliacs with 28 in non-haemophiliacs revealed similarities in time to event and type of HIV protease inhibitor implicated, but differences were present concerning location of bleeding and outcome. A greater proportion of haemophiliacs had resolution of their bleeding following discontinuation of their HIV protease inhibitor and recurrence of bleeding following rechallenge, as compared with non-haemophiliacs. HIV-positive haemophiliacs appear to be at an elevated risk of bleeding while taking HIV protease inhibitors, but these medications may predispose all individuals to such complications. JF - Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia AU - Racoosin, J A AU - Kessler, C M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 266 EP - 269 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1351-8216, 1351-8216 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Indinavir KW - 5W6YA9PKKH KW - Nelfinavir KW - HO3OGH5D7I KW - Saquinavir KW - L3JE09KZ2F KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - United States KW - Saquinavir -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Indinavir -- pharmacology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Zidovudine -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Nelfinavir -- pharmacology KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Hemophilia A -- complications KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Hemorrhage -- prevention & control KW - HIV Seropositivity -- drug therapy KW - HIV Seropositivity -- complications KW - Hemorrhage -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70010949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haemophilia+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+World+Federation+of+Hemophilia&rft.atitle=Bleeding+episodes+in+HIV-positive+patients+taking+HIV+protease+inhibitors%3A+a+case+series.&rft.au=Racoosin%2C+J+A%3BKessler%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Racoosin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Haemophilia+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+World+Federation+of+Hemophilia&rft.issn=13518216&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-11 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pilot study for monitoring changes in the microbiological component of metalworking fluids as a function of time and use in the system. AN - 69999026; 10462781 AB - This article describes the results of a pilot study to examine changes in the biological component of metalworking fluids (MWF) as a function of use. Fluid samples were taken from two newly charged systems, designated BT-7415 and BT-7707, at 1-week intervals for 8 weeks and characterized with respect to the kinds and numbers of bacteria present and presence of soluble protein in cell-free supernatants. In addition, lipid extracts of pelleted cells from fluids in BT-7415 were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy for the kinds and relative amounts of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) present. A total of 19 different bacterial species was cultured and identified, more than half (12/19) of which were gram-negative. Total colony-forming units (CFU) reached levels of 2.2 x 10(3)/mL in BT-7415 and 2.4 x 10(5)/mL in BT-7707. The most common genus isolated was Pseudomonas. Estimations of cell numbers based on total biomass from PLFA in samples from BT-7415 indicated 1.1 x 10(7)/mL after 8 weeks of use. Both the numbers of PLFA identified and the amounts of each detected in BT-7415 increased as the fluids were used. The chromatograms were dominated by two fatty acids, the amounts of which increased with time. These fatty acids, 18:2 omega 6 and 18:1 omega 9c, are not commonly associated with pseudomonads. This suggests that there is an important component of the biological consortium in MWF is not being detected by currently used culture techniques. There was no soluble protein detected in any of the samples from either system. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Lonon, M K AU - Abanto, M AU - Findlay, R H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fayetteville, AR, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 480 EP - 485 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Phospholipids KW - Index Medicus KW - Lubrication KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Phospholipids -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Pilot Projects KW - Time Factors KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Metallurgy KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69999026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=A+pilot+study+for+monitoring+changes+in+the+microbiological+component+of+metalworking+fluids+as+a+function+of+time+and+use+in+the+system.&rft.au=Lonon%2C+M+K%3BAbanto%2C+M%3BFindlay%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Lonon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of exposures to fluorocarbon 113 in a horizontal and a vertical laminar airflow clean room. AN - 69998502; 10462782 AB - Exposures to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane or fluorocarbon (FC) 113 were evaluated in a horizontal laminar airflow (HLAF) clean room and a vertical laminar airflow (VLAF) clean room. A full period consecutive samples measurement strategy was employed. Data were used to calculate 8-hour time-weighted averages (8-TWA) for major work groups and to characterize exposures associated with specific cleaning tasks. The MIRAN 1B infrared analyzer was used to estimate peak concentrations. In the HLAF clean room, 8-TWAs ranged from 193 to 439 ppm; in the VLAF clean room, 8-TWAs ranged from 110 to 935 ppm. These levels were below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit for FC 113 of 1000 ppm. Short-term sample concentrations ranged from 104 ppm (inspection) to 1080 ppm (assembly) in the HLAF clean room and 51 ppm (packaging)-3380 ppm (flushing) in the VLAF clean room. In the VLAF clean room, several short-term concentrations measured during the flushing task--1421 ppm and 2522 ppm--were above the NIOSH short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 1250 ppm. These data suggest the possibility that the STEL may be exceeded for tasks involving direct work with liquid FC 113. Peak exposure levels may be reduced by modification of worker position in the HLAF clean room and by use of open wire tables in the VLAF clean room. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Bloom, T F AU - Egeland, G M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 486 EP - 494 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane KW - 07H0R79HO0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- analysis KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69998502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+exposures+to+fluorocarbon+113+in+a+horizontal+and+a+vertical+laminar+airflow+clean+room.&rft.au=Bloom%2C+T+F%3BEgeland%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazard evaluation of methyl bromide soil fumigations. AN - 69992491; 10461395 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Lenhart, S W AU - Gagnon, Y T AD - NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 407 EP - 412 VL - 14 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Soil KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - chloropicrin KW - I4JTX7Z7U2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Pilot Projects KW - Time Factors KW - Fumigation KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69992491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Health+hazard+evaluation+of+methyl+bromide+soil+fumigations.&rft.au=Lenhart%2C+S+W%3BGagnon%2C+Y+T&rft.aulast=Lenhart&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Don't make a splash. AN - 69965980; 10446583 JF - Nursing AU - Dillard, S F AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 74 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Nursing KW - Eye Protective Devices KW - Humans KW - Occupational Health KW - Nursing Staff, Hospital KW - Disinfectants -- adverse effects KW - Glutaral -- adverse effects KW - Burns, Chemical -- etiology KW - Keratitis -- chemically induced KW - Eye Burns -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69965980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Don%27t+make+a+splash.&rft.au=Dillard%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Dillard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of microbial receptor assay to quantitation of residues of spectinomycin in bovine milk and comparison with liquid chromatographic analysis. AN - 69963452; 10444837 AB - Spectinomycin-contaminated bovine milk samples were assayed by liquid chromatographic (LC) and microbial receptor methods. LC involved a newly developed analytical method to quantitate the concentration of spectinomycin in the contaminated milk samples. The receptor assay used reagents and the reaction system used for the Charm II spectinomycin assay. Three standard curves (selected range, full range, and second-order polynomial) were plotted for the receptor assay and used to quantitate spectinomycin in contaminated milk samples. The levels of spectinomycin obtained by the receptor assay, using only the standard curve in the selected range, were comparable to the results obtained by LC analysis. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Shaikh, B AU - Schermerhorn, P AU - Adam, L A AU - von Bredow, J D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1002 EP - 1005 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Spectinomycin KW - 93AKI1U6QF KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Spectinomycin -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69963452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Application+of+microbial+receptor+assay+to+quantitation+of+residues+of+spectinomycin+in+bovine+milk+and+comparison+with+liquid+chromatographic+analysis.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BSchermerhorn%2C+P%3BAdam%2C+L+A%3Bvon+Bredow%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1002&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive substance in the islets of Langerhans, pituitaries and adrenal glands of 139H scrapie-infected hamsters. AN - 69928511; 10425534 AB - Previous studies showed that the 139H strain of scrapie injected intra-cerebrally in hamsters caused obesity, and extensive histopathological changes in islets of Langerhans and pituitaries. In the current study, we report that an abnormal granular substance, which stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS-positive substance; PPS), was found in the islets of Langerhans, pituitaries, adrenal glands, in the lumens of blood vessel cores (BVCs) and in blood vessels in 139H-infected hamsters, but not in either 263K-infected or control hamsters. This substance was found in the endocrine organs, forming grape-like or plaque-like structures, which were small, round to ovoid, and homogenous measuring up to 7 microns in diameter and usually grouped in clusters. PPS was not found in the brains of control or scrapie-infected hamsters. Using immunostaining for amyloid protein (PrP, beta A4), as well as Congo red and thioflavin-S stains, no evidence was found of amyloid plaque formation in the islets of Langerhans, the adrenal glands, or the pituitaries of 139H- or 263K-infected hamsters. PPS might relate to the pathological changes in the endocrine organs in 139H-infected hamsters. JF - Histology and histopathology AU - Ye, X AU - Scallet, A AU - Carp, R I AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA. XYE@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 673 EP - 678 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0213-3911, 0213-3911 KW - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor KW - 0 KW - PrPSc Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor -- analysis KW - Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction KW - Female KW - PrPSc Proteins -- analysis KW - Cricetinae KW - Adrenal Glands -- metabolism KW - Pituitary Gland -- metabolism KW - Islets of Langerhans -- metabolism KW - Scrapie -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69928511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histology+and+histopathology&rft.atitle=Abnormal+periodic+acid-Schiff+%28PAS%29-positive+substance+in+the+islets+of+Langerhans%2C+pituitaries+and+adrenal+glands+of+139H+scrapie-infected+hamsters.&rft.au=Ye%2C+X%3BScallet%2C+A%3BCarp%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Histology+and+histopathology&rft.issn=02133911&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro metabolic interaction studies: experience of the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 69926184; 10430104 AB - A total of 194 new molecular entities approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1992 and 1997 were surveyed to determine the role of in vitro metabolic interactions in the conduct of drug-drug interaction studies and to examine the methods used in these studies. Approximately 30% of the submissions were found to have in vitro metabolism-based interaction studies, most of which were inhibitory in nature. Chemical inhibition was the most commonly used approach in studying drug interactions in vitro. In this article, an attempt to assess the quality of the chemical inhibition approach was made. Four areas were found to be often overlooked: (1) incubation time and concentrations of the drug, (2) the difference between inhibition constant (k(i)) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, (3) the substrate-dependent inhibition potential, and (4) the metabolic genotype or phenotype of the liver donor. We discuss the pitfalls in estimating drug interactions when these four areas are overlooked. JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Yuan, R AU - Parmelee, T AU - Balian, J D AU - Uppoor, R S AU - Ajayi, F AU - Burnett, A AU - Lesko, L J AU - Marroum, P AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 9 EP - 15 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- metabolism KW - Drug Antagonism KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69926184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=In+vitro+metabolic+interaction+studies%3A+experience+of+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+R%3BParmelee%2C+T%3BBalian%2C+J+D%3BUppoor%2C+R+S%3BAjayi%2C+F%3BBurnett%2C+A%3BLesko%2C+L+J%3BMarroum%2C+P&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiographic trends of dental offices and dental schools. AN - 69917800; 10422407 AB - A survey of private practice facilities in the United States that perform dental radiography was conducted in 1993 and repeated in dental schools in 1995-1996. Both surveys were conducted as part of the Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends, or NEXT, survey program. A representative sample of dental facilities from each participating state were surveyed, and data on patient radiation exposure, radiographic technique, film-image quality, film-processing quality and darkroom fog were collected. The authors found that dental schools use E-speed film more frequently than do private practice facilities. The use of E-speed film and better film processing by dental schools resulted in lower patient radiation exposures without sacrificing image quality. The authors also found that dental school darkrooms had lower ambient fog levels than did those of private practice facilities. The distribution for the 1993 NEXT survey facilities was greater than that observed for dental schools for radiation exposure, film-processing quality and darkroom fog. Dental schools, in general, had better film quality and lower radiation exposures than did private practice facilities. Facilities need to emphasize better quality processing and the use of E-speed film to reduce patient exposure and improve image quality. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Spelic, D C AU - Conway, B AU - Hart, J C AU - Boyce, P R AU - Antonsen, R G AD - Radiation Programs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. 20850, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 1104 EP - 1110 VL - 130 IS - 7 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Dental Offices -- trends KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Schools, Dental -- trends KW - Humans KW - X-Ray Film KW - Absorptiometry, Photon KW - Data Collection KW - Radiography, Dental -- instrumentation KW - Radiography, Dental -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69917800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Radiographic+trends+of+dental+offices+and+dental+schools.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H%3BSpelic%2C+D+C%3BConway%2C+B%3BHart%2C+J+C%3BBoyce%2C+P+R%3BAntonsen%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of a ferrylhemoglobin intermediate in an endothelial cell model after hypoxia-reoxygenation. AN - 69910569; 10409186 AB - A cell culture model of bovine aortic endothelial cells attached to microcarrier beads was used to study the interaction of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (an oxygen-carrying blood substitute) with hypoxia-reoxygenation. Hemoglobin (200 microM) and hypoxia-volume restriction (3-5 h), together and separately, caused toxicity in this model, as measured by decreased cellular replating efficiency. Hemoglobin (60 microM) caused a reduction in hydrogen peroxide concentration and an increase in lipid peroxidation above that induced by hypoxia alone. Incubation of hemoglobin with endothelial cells caused transient oxidation of hemoglobin to its highly reactive and toxic ferryl species after >/=3 h of hypoxia, followed by 1 h of reoxygenation. Lipid peroxidation, which may occur in the presence of ferrylhemoglobin, also occurred after 1 h of reoxygenation. Hemoglobin caused a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular glutathione concentration, suggesting that it caused an oxidative stress to the cells. However, addition of ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, or trolox did not decrease hemoglobin oxidation in the presence of normal or hypoxic cells. It is concluded that diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin forms a ferryl intermediate in the absence of any exogenously added oxidant and contributes to the oxidative burden experienced by endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, a condition that is likely to be encountered during trauma and surgery when hemoglobin solutions are used as perfusion agents. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - McLeod, L L AU - Alayash, A I AD - Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - H92 EP - H99 VL - 277 IS - 1 Pt 2 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate-crosslinked hemoglobin A(0) KW - Methemoglobin KW - 9008-37-1 KW - Hemoglobin A KW - 9034-51-9 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Aspirin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hemoglobin A -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Aspirin -- pharmacology KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Methemoglobin -- metabolism KW - Hypoxia -- metabolism KW - Methemoglobin -- isolation & purification KW - Oxygen -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69910569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+a+ferrylhemoglobin+intermediate+in+an+endothelial+cell+model+after+hypoxia-reoxygenation.&rft.au=McLeod%2C+L+L%3BAlayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=1+Pt+2&rft.spage=H92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogen update: methylene blue. AN - 69899512; 10413340 JF - Teratology AU - Cragan, J D AD - Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 42 EP - 48 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Methylene Blue KW - T42P99266K KW - Index Medicus KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Second KW - Amniocentesis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Fetal Death -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Methylene Blue -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69899512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Teratogen+update%3A+methylene+blue.&rft.au=Cragan%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Cragan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the effects of hazardous waste on reproductive health. AN - 69895593; 10411784 AB - Approximately 1 in 4 Americans lives within 4 miles of a hazardous waste site according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In light of this large proportion and the public's high level of concern that hazardous waste causes health problems, it is important for primary care physicians and other health care providers to know that residential proximity to some kinds of hazardous waste sites is associated with adverse reproductive effects. Findings from both state-based surveillance programs and studies of individual hazardous waste sites have shown increased risk of congenital malformations and reductions in birth weight among infants born to parents living near hazardous waste sites. This article summarizes salient literature on human health effects of hazardous waste and suggests actions for primary care providers to consider. JF - American journal of obstetrics and gynecology AU - Johnson, B L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - S12 EP - S16 VL - 181 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9378, 0002-9378 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69895593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+effects+of+hazardous+waste+on+reproductive+health.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=S12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00029378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of spatial data for community health planning. AN - 69889636; 10538418 JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Lee, C V AU - Irving, J L AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta 30333, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 7 EP - 22 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Delivery of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Geography KW - Internet KW - Information Systems KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Community Health Planning -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69889636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=Sources+of+spatial+data+for+community+health+planning.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+V%3BIrving%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of radiocontrast, mannitol, and endothelin on blood pressure and renal damage in the aging male spontaneously hypertensive rat. AN - 69884588; 10399635 AB - The purpose of this research was to study the effects of the radiocontrast medium (CM) Hypaque-76 (diatrizoate meglumine sodium), equiosmolar mannitol, and endothelin on blood pressure and renal damage in a aging male spontaneously hypertensive rat, a small animal model for CM-induced renal damage. The importance of the pressor effect and the high osmolality of CM in producing renal damage was investigated by first reducing the blood pressure with pentobarbital anesthesia, which suppresses sympathetic nervous system activity, then testing the effects of CM, saline, mannitol, and the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin alone and in combination with CM. Systolic blood pressure was measured in 14-month-old male rats (1) when awake, (2) after pentobarbital anesthesia, (3) after the administration of saline, CM, mannitol, endothelin, or CM plus endothelin, (4) after awakening the same day, and (5) the following day while awake. Renal damage was quantified by evaluating histopathologically the left kidney removed the day after administration of test substances. The pentobarbital-lowered blood pressure remained depressed after saline and mannitol but rose dramatically after CM, endothelin, and CM plus endothelin. Renal damage, compared with the saline controls, occurred with CM, mannitol, endothelin, and endothelin plus CM. The order of increasing severity was mannitol = CM < endothelin < endothelin plus CM. The effect of CM on systolic blood pressure is not related to its osmolality. High osmolality, however, appears to be a factor in CM-induced renal damage. Ischemia and direct nephrotoxicity are factors contributing to the renal-damaging effects of CM, mannitol, and endothelin. JF - Investigative radiology AU - Duarte, C G AU - Zhang, J AU - Ellis, S AD - Division of Cardio-Renal Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 455 EP - 462 VL - 34 IS - 7 SN - 0020-9996, 0020-9996 KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Diuretics, Osmotic KW - Drug Combinations KW - Endothelins KW - Diatrizoate KW - 117-96-4 KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine KW - 3X9MR4N98U KW - urovision KW - 8064-12-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Hypertension -- physiopathology KW - Aging -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Contrast Media -- toxicity KW - Diuretics, Osmotic -- toxicity KW - Endothelins -- toxicity KW - Diatrizoate -- toxicity KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine -- toxicity KW - Mannitol -- toxicity KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69884588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigative+radiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+radiocontrast%2C+mannitol%2C+and+endothelin+on+blood+pressure+and+renal+damage+in+the+aging+male+spontaneously+hypertensive+rat.&rft.au=Duarte%2C+C+G%3BZhang%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+S&rft.aulast=Duarte&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Investigative+radiology&rft.issn=00209996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Back pain prevalence in US industry and estimates of lost workdays. AN - 69868041; 10394311 AB - Back pain is the most common reason for filing workers' compensation claims and often causes lost workdays. Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to identify high-risk industries and to estimate the prevalence of work-related back pain and number of workdays lost. Analyses included 30074 respondents who worked during the 12 months before the interview. A case patient was defined as a respondent who had back pain every day for a week or more during that period. The prevalence of lost-workday back pain was 4.6%, and individuals with work-related cases lost 101.8 million workdays owing to back pain. Male and female case patients lost about the same number of workdays. Industries in high-risk categories were also identified for future research and intervention, including those seldom studied. This study provides statistically reliable national estimates of the prevalence of back pain among workers and the enormous effect of this condition on American industry in terms of lost workdays. JF - American journal of public health AU - Guo, H R AU - Tanaka, S AU - Halperin, W E AU - Cameron, L L AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. hrguo@mail.ncku.edu.tw Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 1029 EP - 1035 VL - 89 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Workers' Compensation -- economics KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Back Pain -- economics KW - Sick Leave -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Sick Leave -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69868041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Back+pain+prevalence+in+US+industry+and+estimates+of+lost+workdays.&rft.au=Guo%2C+H+R%3BTanaka%2C+S%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BCameron%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Med. 1987 Aug;29(8):670-4 [2958608] N Z Med J. 1988 Aug 24;101(852):542-4 [2970608] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Sep;46(9):651-7 [2528986] AAOHN J. 1990 Jul;38(7):318-22 [2142885] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990 Dec;15(12):1317-20 [2149210] Orthop Clin North Am. 1991 Apr;22(2):263-71 [1826550] Occup Health (Lond). 1991 Mar;43(3):82-5 [1826947] Ergonomics. 1992 Nov;35(11):1353-75 [1425566] J Occup Med. 1993 Feb;35(2):114-20 [8433181] J Occup Med. 1994 Oct;36(10):1093-9 [7830167] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Nov;28(5):591-602 [8561169] Am J Public Health. 1996 Mar;86(3):382-7 [8604764] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Jan;31(1):1-3 [8986247] J Soc Occup Med. 1986 Autumn;36(3):90-4 [2945050] Ergonomics. 1987 Feb;30(2):181-4 [3582328] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987 Apr;12(3):264-8 [2954221] J Occup Med. 1968 Apr;10(4):174-8 [4231057] IMS Ind Med Surg. 1969 Nov;38(11):398-408 [4242708] IMS Ind Med Surg. 1971 Nov;40(8):7-14 [4257490] Dan Med Bull. 1974 Mar;21(1):30-6 [4275227] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 May-Jun;2(5):31-66 [159934] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1981 Jan-Feb;6(1):53-60 [6451937] Occup Health Saf. 1982 Feb;51(2):24-6 [7058034] Dan Med Bull. 1982 Oct;29(6):289-99 [6216075] Am J Public Health. 1984 Jun;74(6):574-9 [6232862] J Occup Med. 1984 Jun;26(6):443-8 [6234383] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1984 Dec;10(6 Spec No):435-42 [6535246] J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(8):691-702 [3160720] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cutting edge: a short polypeptide domain of HIV-1-Tat protein mediates pathogenesis. AN - 69857529; 10384093 AB - HIV-1 encodes the transactivating protein Tat, which is essential for virus replication and progression of HIV disease. However, Tat has multiple domains, and consequently the molecular mechanisms by which it acts remain unclear. In this report, we provide evidence that cellular activation by Tat involves a short core domain, Tat21-40, containing only 20 aa including seven cysteine residues highly conserved in most HIV-1 subtypes. Effective induction by Tat21-40 of both NF-kappaB-mediated HIV replication and TAR-dependent transactivation of HIV-long terminal repeat indicates that this short sequence is sufficient to promote HIV infection. Moreover, Tat21-40 possesses potent angiogenic activity, further underscoring its role in HIV pathogenesis. These data provide the first demonstration that a 20-residue core domain sequence of Tat is sufficient to transactivate, induce HIV replication, and trigger angiogenesis. This short peptide sequence provides a potential novel therapeutic target for disrupting the functions of Tat and inhibiting progression of HIV disease. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Boykins, R A AU - Mahieux, R AU - Shankavaram, U T AU - Gho, Y S AU - Lee, S F AU - Hewlett, I K AU - Wahl, L M AU - Kleinman, H K AU - Brady, J N AU - Yamada, K M AU - Dhawan, S AD - Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 15 EP - 20 VL - 163 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Gene Products, tat KW - 0 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral -- immunology KW - Chick Embryo KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Monocytes -- virology KW - Allantois -- immunology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Virus Activation -- immunology KW - Neovascularization, Physiologic -- immunology KW - HIV Long Terminal Repeat -- immunology KW - Cysteine -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- physiopathology KW - Monocytes -- immunology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- virology KW - Chorion -- immunology KW - Virus Replication -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- immunology KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - HIV-1 -- pathogenicity KW - HIV-1 -- growth & development KW - Gene Products, tat -- metabolism KW - Gene Products, tat -- immunology KW - Gene Products, tat -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- immunology KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemical synthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69857529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Cutting+edge%3A+a+short+polypeptide+domain+of+HIV-1-Tat+protein+mediates+pathogenesis.&rft.au=Boykins%2C+R+A%3BMahieux%2C+R%3BShankavaram%2C+U+T%3BGho%2C+Y+S%3BLee%2C+S+F%3BHewlett%2C+I+K%3BWahl%2C+L+M%3BKleinman%2C+H+K%3BBrady%2C+J+N%3BYamada%2C+K+M%3BDhawan%2C+S&rft.aulast=Boykins&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunohistochemical localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitrotyrosine in rat liver tumors induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. AN - 69854613; 10383909 AB - Human liver cancers have been associated mainly with chronic inflammations such as viral hepatitis B or C. This suggests that prolonged cell damage by chronic inflammation is critical in cancer development. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO.) and its derivative (NOx, peroxynitrite) has been implicated as a cause of tissue damage by inflammation, thus contributing to tumor promotion. We have demonstrated the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite formation, by immunohistochemistry in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver tissues induced by continuous infusion of N-nitrosodiethylamine with mini-pumps. The preneoplastic lesions were characterized by proliferation of phenotypically altered hepatic foci (PAHF), dysplastic hepatocytes and oval cells. Histologically, the tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of trabecular, (pseudo)glandular and solid types with or without cholangiocellular involvement. iNOS was located mainly in oval cells, capillary endothelial and muscular cells, epithelia of cholangiomas and glandular HCCs. 3-Nitrotyrosine was observed in the cytoplasms of PAHF and dysplastic hepatocytes in preneoplasias and in the cytoplasms of some living or apoptotic HCC cells, connective tissues, proteinaceous fluids, sinusoidal endothelia of tumorous hepatocytes and cholangiomas in tumors. From these observations, we suggest that: (i) chronic tissue damage by chemical carcinogens may act to induce iNOS and peroxynitrite formation; (ii) oval cells play a key role in development and/or growth of tumor tissues by producing NO. via iNOS, which may also cause tissue damage by peroxynitrite; (iii) iNOS can be considered as a phenotypic marker in cells of oval cell lineage and neovascularized capillaries in tumor tissues. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ahn, B AU - Han, B S AU - Kim, D J AU - Ohshima, H AD - Department of Pathology, National Institute of Toxicology Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-Dong, Eunpyung-Ku, Seoul 122-704, Korea. Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 1337 EP - 1344 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, rat KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Apoptosis KW - Precancerous Conditions -- pathology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- enzymology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Adenoma, Bile Duct -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma, Bile Duct -- pathology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- enzymology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma, Bile Duct -- enzymology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69854613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Immunohistochemical+localization+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+and+3-nitrotyrosine+in+rat+liver+tumors+induced+by+N-nitrosodiethylamine.&rft.au=Ahn%2C+B%3BHan%2C+B+S%3BKim%2C+D+J%3BOhshima%2C+H&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Young workers. AN - 69846008; 10378974 AB - Until recently, today's occupational safety and health experts have paid little attention to safety and health concerns of working youth. Yet with millions of children and adolescents employed each year, young workers are indeed a special population at risk deserving special attention. Occupational safety and health professionals have critical knowledge and skills to contribute to researching special issues for young workers and promoting safe and healthful work for youth. Unique opportunities for intervention hold the potential for new and rewarding partnerships with, for example, pediatricians and adolescent health specialists, child labor regulators, child injury prevention professionals, maternal and child health professionals, educators, and community leaders. Lessons learned in targeting young workers can have important implications for reaching other special populations that have not been well addressed through conventional approaches to occupational safety and health. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Castillo, D N AU - Davis, L AU - Wegman, D H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 519 EP - 536 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Child KW - Needs Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Research KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69846008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Young+workers.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+D+N%3BDavis%2C+L%3BWegman%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality among women employed in fast-growing U.S. occupations. AN - 69808026; 10361605 AB - Our study examined cancer mortality before the age of 65 for women employed in the fastest growing and/or traditionally female occupations. Analysis of mortality data from 28 U.S. states for 1984-1995 revealed elevated proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs). The highest PCMRs observed were thyroid cancer among health aides, lymphatic and multiple myeloma among computer programmers, and brain cancer among actresses and directresses. Some of the excess mortality occurred for occupations that have been previously cited. These included elevated breast and ovarian cancer among teachers, Hodgkin's disease among hairdressers and cosmetologists, and thyroid cancer among health aides and therapists. A few of the associations were new, i.e., had not been previously observed. These included cancer of the connective tissue and lymphatic system among computer programmers, ovarian cancer and leukemia among secretaries, and lymphatic cancer and multiple myeloma among child care workers. These findings should be further investigated with epidemiologic and environmental studies. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Walker, J T AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. CFR2@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 186 EP - 192 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Occupations -- trends KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69808026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+among+women+employed+in+fast-growing+U.S.+occupations.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BWalker%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between serum levels of cardiac troponin-T and the severity of the chronic cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin. AN - 69285309; 10561281 AB - PURPOSE To investigate, over a wide range of cumulative doxorubicin doses, the feasibility of using serum concentrations of cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) as a biomarker for doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were given 1 mg/kg doxorubicin weekly for 2 to 12 weeks. Cardiomyopathy scores were assessed according to the method of Billingham and serum levels of cTnT were quantified by a noncompetitive immunoassay. Myocardial localization of cTnT was studied by immunohistochemical staining and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Increases in serum levels of cTnT (0.03 to 0.05 ng/mL) and myocardial lesions (cardiomyopathy scores of 1 or 1.5) were found in one out of five and two out of five SHR given 2 and 4 mg/kg doxorubicin, respectively. All animals given 6 mg/kg or more of doxorubicin had increases in serum cTnT and myocardial lesions. The average cTnT levels and the cardiomyopathy scores correlated with the cumulative dose of doxorubicin (0.13 v 0.4 ng/mL cTnT and scores of 1.4 v 3.0 in SHR given 6 and 12 mg/kg doxorubicin, respectively). Decreased staining for cTnT was observed in cardiac tissue from SHR receiving cumulative doses that caused only minimal histologic alterations (scores of 1 to 1.5). Staining for cTnT decreased simultaneously with increases in the severity of the cardiomyopathy scores. CONCLUSION cTnT is released from doxorubicin-damaged myocytes. Measurements of serum levels of this protein seem to provide a sensitive means for assessing the early cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. JF - Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Lipshultz, S E AU - Rifai, N AU - Chadwick, D AU - Takeda, K AU - Yu, Z X AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research (HFD-910), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. hermaneu@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2237 EP - 2243 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0732-183X, 0732-183X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Troponin T KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Chronic Disease KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Male KW - Drug Monitoring -- methods KW - Troponin T -- blood KW - Cardiomyopathies -- pathology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced KW - Cardiomyopathies -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69285309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+serum+levels+of+cardiac+troponin-T+and+the+severity+of+the+chronic+cardiomyopathy+induced+by+doxorubicin.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BLipshultz%2C+S+E%3BRifai%2C+N%3BChadwick%2C+D%3BTakeda%2C+K%3BYu%2C+Z+X%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.issn=0732183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-06-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for lead AN - 52190377; 2001-061614 JF - Toxicological profile for lead AU - Abadin, Henry AU - Llados, Fernando Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 587 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - waste disposal sites KW - pollution KW - lead KW - bioavailability KW - environmental effects KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - air KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52190377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Abadin%2C+Henry%3BLlados%2C+Fernando&rft.aulast=Abadin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+lead&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+lead&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1819 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 24 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for cadmium AN - 52189186; 2001-061609 JF - Toxicological profile for cadmium AU - Taylor, Jessilyn AU - DeWoskin, Rob AU - Ennever, Fanny K Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 397 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - cadmium KW - risk assessment KW - air KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52189186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Jessilyn%3BDeWoskin%2C+Rob%3BEnnever%2C+Fanny+K&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jessilyn&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+cadmium&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+cadmium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1328 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 17 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - super(32)P-Postlabeling of N-(Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)arylamine Adducts: A Comparative Study of Labeling Efficiencies AN - 17386713; 4617815 AB - super(32)P-Postlabeling is an extremely powerful technique for the detection of DNA adducts. Typically, the quantitation of DNA adducts by super(32)P-postlabeling is achieved by relative adduct labeling, via comparison of the radioactivity incorporated into the adducts to that associated with the normal nucleotides. This approach is based on a number of assumptions, the foremost being that normal and adducted nucleotide 3'-phosphates are converted to 3',5'-bisphosphates with similar efficiencies. To evaluate labeling efficiencies for specific DNA adducts, we conducted a comparative study of the kinetics of phosphorylation by T sub(4) polynucleotide kinase using 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-phosphate (dG3'p) and a series of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)arylamine 3'-phosphate adduct standards (dG3'p-C8-Ar, Ar being 4-aminobiphenyl, 3- and 4-methylaniline, and 2,4- and 3,4-dimethylaniline). Phosphorylation of dG3'p and the dG3'p-C8-Ar adducts followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent turnover numbers were 40-240-fold lower when labeling dG3'p-C8-Ar adducts compared to that when labeling dG3'p. The apparent specificity constant calculated for dG3'p-C8-4-aminobiphenyl (1.4 mu M super(-1) min super(-1)) was approximately 4-fold lower than that (5.4 mu M super(-1) min super(-1)) found for dG3'p. Apparent specificity constants for the monoarylamine adducts were even lower (0.043-0.23 mu M super(-1) min super(-1)) and decreased in the following order: 4-methylaniline > 3,4-dimethylaniline > 3-methylaniline > 2,4-dimethylaniline. Similar experiments conducted with dG3'p-C8-Ar standards for 2-methylaniline and 2,3-dimethylaniline produced very poor and irreproducible labeling. These results indicate that super(32)P-postlabeling of dG3'p-C8-Ar adducts is less efficient than that of dG3'p and suggest that normal nucleotides will be labeled preferentially to the arylamine adducts under kinetically controlled conditions. The data also indicate a further decrease in labeling efficiency upon substitution ortho to the amino group (e.g., 2,4-dimethylaniline). In addition, the ATP concentrations required for optimal labeling were found to be substantially higher than those used in typical super(32)P-postlabeling assays. Since the high specific activity of carrier-free [ gamma - super(32)P]ATP precludes increasing the ATP concentration to a significant extent, these data emphasize the need for using highly efficient adduct enrichment procedures when conducting super(32)P-postlabeling analyses of DNA adducts. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Mourato, LLG AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - HFT-110, NCTR, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 661 EP - 669 VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - monoarylamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - Phosphorylation KW - Radioactive labelling KW - Radioisotopes KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17386713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=super%2832%29P-Postlabeling+of+N-%28Deoxyguanosin-8-yl%29arylamine+Adducts%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Labeling+Efficiencies&rft.au=Mourato%2C+LLG%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Mourato&rft.aufirst=LLG&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radioisotopes; DNA adducts; Phosphorylation; Radioactive labelling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of protriptyline by filamentous fungi and yeasts AN - 17351588; 4626642 AB - The potential of various fungi to metabolize protriptyline (an extensively used antidepressant) was studied to investigate similarities between mammalian and microbial metabolism. Metabolites produced by each organism were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The metabolites identified in one or more fungi were 2-hydroxyprotriptyline, N-desmethylprotriptyline, N-acetylprotriptyline, N-acetoxyprotriptyline, 14-oxo-N-desmethylprotriptyline, 2-hydroxy-acetoxyprotriptyline and 3-(5-hydrodibenzo[b,f][7]annulen-5-yl)-propanoic acid. Among 27 filamentous fungi and yeast species screened, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini 2380 metabolized 97% of the protriptyline added. Several other fungi screened gave significant metabolism of protriptyline, including Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 42616 (67%), C. elegans ATCC 9245 (17%), C. elegans ATCC 36112 (22%), C. phaeospora ATCC 22110 (50%), F. moniliforme MRC-826 (33%) and F. solani 3179 (12%). F. oxysporum f. sp. pini produced phase I and phase II metabolites and thus is a suitable microbial model for protriptyline metabolism. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Duhart, BT Jr AU - Zhang, D AU - Deck, J AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, CCerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 733 EP - 746 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - metabolism KW - protriptyline KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Yeasts KW - Antidepressants KW - Fungi KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - K 03060:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17351588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+protriptyline+by+filamentous+fungi+and+yeasts&rft.au=Duhart%2C+BT+Jr%3BZhang%2C+D%3BDeck%2C+J%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Duhart&rft.aufirst=BT&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fungi; Antidepressants; Yeasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-4 receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma tumors in xenograft model AN - 17304486; 4575207 AB - The elusive and enigmatic origin of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) makes it a complex tumor and therefore difficult to treat. Here we demonstrate that AIDS-KS cells express surface interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptors, and that IL-4 toxin (IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL) is specifically cytotoxic to these cells. Intratumoral, intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of IL-4 toxin in nude mice with established subcutaneous AIDS-KS tumors caused considerable antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner, with highest dose producing durable complete responses. Metabolic changes, including cachexia and lymphopenia, induced by KS tumors were prevented by IL-4 toxin treatment. This report establishes IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL as an experimental therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIDS-KS. JF - Nature Medicine AU - Husain AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Puri@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 817 EP - 822 VL - 5 IS - 7 SN - 1078-8956, 1078-8956 KW - interleukin 4 receptors KW - nude mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Cytotoxins KW - Toxins KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - Xenografts KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=Interleukin-4+receptor-directed+cytotoxin+therapy+of+AIDS-associated+Kaposi%27s+sarcoma+tumors+in+xenograft+model&rft.au=Husain%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BPastan%2C+I%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Medicine&rft.issn=10788956&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F10541 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenografts; Interleukin 4; Cytotoxins; Toxins; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Kaposi's sarcoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/10541 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in health and science technicians AN - 17295617; 4564697 AB - Nearly one million U.S. women are employed as health or science technicians with various chemical and biological exposures, but few studies have looked at their health outcomes. Using 1984-1995 mortality data with coded occupation information, we calculated race- and age-adjusted proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) and 95% confidence intervals for two age groups for black and white women with occupations of clinical laboratory (CLT), radiologic, and science technician. For CLTs, the PCMRs for breast cancer were borderline significantly elevated. The PCMRs for leukemia were significantly elevated, particularly for myeloid leukemia. Radiologic technicians had no significantly elevated PCMRs. Science technicians had significantly elevated PCMRs for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the younger age group. The elevated risks for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in CLTs and science technicians may be associated with occupational exposures. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Burnett, C AU - Robinson, C AU - Walker, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-18, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, CAB9@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 155 EP - 158 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - females KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Medical personnel KW - Multiple myeloma KW - Lymphoma KW - Occupational exposure KW - Mortality KW - Laboratories KW - Cancer KW - Females KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17295617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+health+and+science+technicians&rft.au=Burnett%2C+C%3BRobinson%2C+C%3BWalker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0274%28199907%2936%3A13.0.CO%3B2-Z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Women's health: Occupation, cancer and reproduction. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Mortality; Occupational exposure; Cancer; Lymphoma; Multiple myeloma; Laboratories; Females DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199907)36:1<155::AID-AJIM22>3.0.CO;2-Z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR-RFLP analysis of the coagulase gene of Staphylococcus aureus: Application to the differentiation of epidemic and sporadic methicillin-resistant strains AN - 17271028; 4587802 AB - Preventing cross-infection with epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) requires effective control measures. These call for simple, rapid, discriminatory and reproducible methods for typing this pathogen. In this study 140 isolates/strains from 105 hospitals in England and Wales, representing 72 diverse phage types, were analysed by bacteriophage typing and PCR coagulase (coa) gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Isolates gave a coa gene PCR product that was either 660 base pairs (bp), 603 bp or 547 bp in size. The PCR products were digested with Alu I and Cfo I, and the fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. Eight coa gene RFLP patterns, numbered 1 to 8, were observed. Pattern 3 was most common (N=25 isolates), followed by patterns 2 and 5 (18 isolates each), pattern 1 (14 isolates), pattern 4 (11 isolates), pattern 7 (10 isolates), pattern 8 (eight isolates) and pattern 6 (six isolates). Isolates of the same phage type often gave different coa gene RFLP patterns, and the patterns within the epidemic types EMRSA-03, EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 were heterogeneous. Thus, representatives of EMRSA-03 were subtyped to coa RFLP patterns 1 and 2, those of EMRSA-05 to coa RFLP patterns 1, 2, 7 and 8, and those for EMRSA-16 to coa RFLP patterns 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The range of patterns within single phage types of S. aureus could help to discriminate between isolates/strains, and in a hierarchical approach coa gene RFLP could occupy an intermediate position between phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). JF - Journal of Hospital Infection AU - Hookey, J V AU - Edwards, V AU - Cookson, B D AU - Richardson, J F AD - Molecular Biology Unit, Virus Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Service, Colindale, London NW9 5HT, UK Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0195-6701, 0195-6701 KW - Coagulase KW - coa gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phage typing KW - Methicillin KW - Genotyping KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17271028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.atitle=PCR-RFLP+analysis+of+the+coagulase+gene+of+Staphylococcus+aureus%3A+Application+to+the+differentiation+of+epidemic+and+sporadic+methicillin-resistant+strains&rft.au=Hookey%2C+J+V%3BEdwards%2C+V%3BCookson%2C+B+D%3BRichardson%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Hookey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hospital+Infection&rft.issn=01956701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Methicillin; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Phage typing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological Profile for Hexane AN - 14535295; 10581460 AB - Data depicting the environmental fate and toxicological characteristics of hexane are compiled. Health effects are examined by oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes, and cover systemic, immunological and lymphoreticular, neurological, reproductive, developmental, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and other facets of toxicokinetics are discussed, followed by analyses of mechanisms of action, relevance to public health, interactions with other chemicals, and methods for reducing toxic effects. The potential for human exposure is also considered, with reference to releases to the environment and general population and occupational exposures. JF - HHS Toxicological Profile for Hexane Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB KW - Environment Abstracts KW - PETROLEUM PRODUCTS KW - POLLUTANT FATE KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY KW - DATA, CHEMICAL KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14535295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Hexane&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Profile+for+Hexane&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Hexane&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 7 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; DATA, CHEMICAL; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; PETROLEUM PRODUCTS; POLLUTANT FATE; PUBLIC HEALTH; PATHOLOGY, ANIMALLABORATORY; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological Profile for Aluminum (Update) AN - 14530246; 10579360 AB - Data on the toxicology and public health significance of exposure to aluminum are updated. Health effects are delineated in terms of inhalation, dermal, and oral exposure routes, and cover systemic, immunological and lymphoreticular, neurological, reproductive, developmental, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and other aspects of toxicokinetics are presented, followed by descriptions of mechanisms of action, biomarkers of exposure and effect, and interactions with other chemicals. The potential for human exposure is considered, with reference to releases to the environment and environmental fate, levels monitored or estimated in the environment, and general population and occupational exposures. JF - HHS Toxicological Profile for Aluminum (Update) Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB KW - Environment Abstracts KW - METAL CONCENTRATIONS KW - PATHOLOGY, HUMAN KW - POLLUTANT FATE KW - PUBLIC HEALTH KW - DATA, CHEMICAL KW - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL KW - DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES KW - ALUMINUM KW - LITERATURE SURVEYS KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/14530246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Aluminum+%28Update%29&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Profile+for+Aluminum+%28Update%29&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HHS+Toxicological+Profile+for+Aluminum+%28Update%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Document feature - |n 1 |t diagrams N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - HEALTH SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL; DATA, CHEMICAL; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; DOSE RESPONSE PROFILES; PATHOLOGY, HUMAN; POLLUTANT FATE; PUBLIC HEALTH; ALUMINUM; LITERATURE SURVEYS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of work-related asthma in selected U.S. states using surveillance guidelines for state health departments--California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey, 1993-1995. AN - 69917065; 10421216 AB - Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) are sentinel health events that indicate the need for preventive intervention. WRA includes new-onset asthma caused by workplace exposure to sensitizers or irritants and preexisting asthma exacerbated by workplace exposures. This report reviews cases of WRA identified by state health departments from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1995, as well as follow-up investigations of cases and associated workplaces conducted through June 30, 1998. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS: State-based surveillance and intervention programs for WRA are conducted in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) cooperative agreement program, initiated by CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). From 1993 through 1995, a total of 1,101 cases of WRA were identified by SENSOR surveillance staff members in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey. Of these 1,101 cases, 19.1% were classified as work-aggravated asthma, and 80.9% were classified as new-onset asthma. Objective evidence substantiating asthma work-relatedness was documented in the medical records of 3.4% of WRA cases identified in the two states (Michigan and New Jersey) where medical records are routinely reviewed for this information. Indoor air pollutants, dusts, cleaning materials, lubricants (e.g., metalworking fluids), and diisocyanates were among the most frequently reported causes of WRA. In addition, a well-recognized cause of occupational asthma - natural rubber latex - was identified in a new setting, the healthcare industry. The most common industries associated with WRA cases included transportation equipment manufacturing (19.3%), health services (14.2%), and educational services (8.7%). Air sampling for agents known to induce occupational asthma was performed in Michigan for comparison with established federal time-weighted average exposure limits. Sixteen (13.4%) of 119 workplaces tested had airborne concentrations exceeding NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs); 11 (9.1%) of 121 workplaces had concentrations exceeding permissible exposure limits (PELs) of the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA) program. The surveillance data findings confirm well-recognized causes of asthma and have identified new putative causes (e.g., cleaning materials and metalworking fluids). Because the surveillance program depends on physicians' recognizing asthma work-relatedness and reporting diagnosed cases, the data are considered an underestimate of the magnitude of the WRA problem. The data also indicate that physicians are not commonly performing objective physiologic tests to substantiate a WRA diagnosis. Workplace findings suggest a need to evaluate existing exposure standards for specific agents known to induce occupational asthma (e.g., diisocyanates). Case-based surveillance can help improve the recognition, control, and prevention of WRA. The SENSOR model also provides a mechanism for workers and physicians to request workplace investigations aimed at primary prevention for other workers. NIOSH and state health department representatives are working to establish a long-term agenda for state-based surveillance of work-related conditions and hazards. The results from the SENSOR WRA programs described in this report support inclusion of WRA as a priority condition warranting surveillance at the state level. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Jajosky, R A AU - Harrison, R AU - Reinisch, F AU - Flattery, J AU - Chan, J AU - Tumpowsky, C AU - Davis, L AU - Reilly, M J AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Kalinowski, D AU - Stanbury, M AU - Schill, D P AU - Wood, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 48 IS - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - State Government KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Public Health Administration KW - Massachusetts -- epidemiology KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- classification KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- classification KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69917065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+work-related+asthma+in+selected+U.S.+states+using+surveillance+guidelines+for+state+health+departments--California%2C+Massachusetts%2C+Michigan%2C+and+New+Jersey%2C+1993-1995.&rft.au=Jajosky%2C+R+A%3BHarrison%2C+R%3BReinisch%2C+F%3BFlattery%2C+J%3BChan%2C+J%3BTumpowsky%2C+C%3BDavis%2C+L%3BReilly%2C+M+J%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BKalinowski%2C+D%3BStanbury%2C+M%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BWood%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jajosky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1999 Sep 24;48(37):833 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of tetrandrine to differentiate between mechanisms involved in silica-versus bleomycin-induced fibrosis. AN - 69887654; 10406349 AB - Animals exposed to silica or bleomycin (BLM) develop pulmonary fibrosis. Tetrandrine (TT) has been shown to inhibit stimulant-induced macrophage respiratory burst and effectively reduce silica-induced lung injury. The present study employed TT as a probe to assess the differences in mechanisms involved in silica- and BLM-induced pulmonary responses. Rats received a single intratracheal instillation of silica (40 mg/rat, sacrificed 4 wk postexposure) or BLM (1 mg/kg or approximately 0.25 mg/rat, sacrificed up to 2 wk postexposure). TT was administered orally at 18 mg/kg, 3 times/wk for desired time periods beginning 5 d before silica or BLM exposure. Both the silica and BLM exposures resulted in a significant increase in lung weight, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phospholipids (PL) content in the acellular fluid from the first lavage, and hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue. Alveolar macrophages (AM) isolated from rats exposed to silica or BLM exhibited significant increases in secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). TT treatment significantly lowered the silica- or BLM-induced increase in lung weight, while marginally reducing the release of IL-1 and TNF-alpha by AM. TT, however, markedly inhibited the silica-induced increase in the acellular protein, LDH and PL, hydroxyproline content, and the production of TGF-beta by AM but had no marked effect on these same parameters in BLM-exposed rats. Histological examination of rats exposed to BLM for 14 d showed pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. TT treatment had only a small effect on limiting the extent of these lesions and did not significantly affect their severity. In summary, data indicate that many inflammatory and fibrotic effects of in vivo silica exposure are substantially attenuated by TT, whereas the stimulation by BLM is only marginally affected by this drug. Since TT acts to attenuate AM-mediated reactions, these results suggest that AM may play a pivotal role in silica-induced fibrotic development and may be less involved in the pathogenesis of BLM-induced fibrosis. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Ma, J Y AU - Barger, M W AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Castranova, V AU - Weber, S L AU - Ma, J K AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 25 SP - 247 EP - 266 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - Benzylisoquinolines KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Phospholipids KW - Proteins KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - tetrandrine KW - 29EX23D5AJ KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Hydroxyproline KW - RMB44WO89X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Time Factors KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyproline -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Hydroxyproline -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- drug effects KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - Cell Count -- drug effects KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- chemistry KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- metabolism KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- prevention & control KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69887654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Use+of+tetrandrine+to+differentiate+between+mechanisms+involved+in+silica-versus+bleomycin-induced+fibrosis.&rft.au=Ma%2C+J+Y%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BWeber%2C+S+L%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-25&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Employment of health professionals under the Indian Health Care Improvement Act T2 - IHS circ. no. 99-02 AN - 59806730; 2000-0100150 AB - Establishes Indian Health Service's (IHS) policy on the competitive employment placement of health professionals who have incurred service obligations as a result of their participation in the IHS Scholarship Program (IHSSP); US. JF - United States Indian Health Service, June 18 1999. Y1 - 1999/06/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 18 PB - United States Indian Health Service KW - Scholarships and fellowships -- United States KW - Medical workers -- United States KW - United States -- Indian health service KW - Employment -- Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59806730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Employment+of+health+professionals+under+the+Indian+Health+Care+Improvement+Act&rft.title=Employment+of+health+professionals+under+the+Indian+Health+Care+Improvement+Act&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ihs.gov/publicinfo/publications/ihsmanual/Circulars/Circ99/9902.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Indian Health Service N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of hard metal on nitric oxide pathways and airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. AN - 69835400; 10373402 AB - To examine whether the development of hard metal (HM)-induced occupational asthma and interstitial lung disease involves alterations in nitric oxide (NO) pathways, we examined the effects of an industrial HM mixture on NO production, interactions between HM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NO pathways, and alterations in airway reactivity to methacholine in rat lungs. HM (2.5 to 5 mg/100 g intratracheal) increased NO synthase (NOS; EC 1.14.23) activity of rat lungs at 24 h without increasing inducible NOS (iNOS) or endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA abundance or iNOS, eNOS, or brain NOS (bNOS) proteins. The increase in NOS activity correlated with the appearance histologically of nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) caused up-regulation of iNOS activity, mRNA, and protein at 8 h but not at 24 h. HM at 2.5 mg/100 g, but not at 5 mg/100 g, potentiated the LPS-induced increase in NOS activity, iNOS mRNA, and protein. However, HM decreased eNOS activity at 8 h and eNOS protein at 24 h. Whole body plethysmography on conscious animals revealed that HM caused basal airway obstruction and a marked hyporeactivity to inhaled methacholine by 6-8 h, which intensified over 30-32 h. HM-treatment caused protein leakage into the alveolar space, and edema, fibrin formation, and an increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and in the bronchoalveolar lavage. These results suggest that a HM-induced increase in NO production by pulmonary inflammatory cells is associated with pulmonary airflow abnormalities in rat lungs. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Kommineni, C AU - Jones, J A AU - Fedan, J S AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. gammada5@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 15 SP - 178 EP - 191 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - Metals KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Suspensions KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - 3-nitrotyrosine KW - 3604-79-3 KW - Cobalt KW - 3G0H8C9362 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Tungsten KW - V9306CXO6G KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Cobalt -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Plethysmography, Whole Body KW - Tungsten -- toxicity KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Methacholine Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69835400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+hard+metal+on+nitric+oxide+pathways+and+airway+reactivity+to+methacholine+in+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+A%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BJones%2C+J+A%3BFedan%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-15&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (SECOND DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JULY 1995). AN - 36418936; 7479 AB - PURPOSE: The revision of planning provisions for the northwest sector of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus, located in Bethesda in central Maryland, is proposed. This second draft supplement to the final EIS of 1996, which due to an error by the National Institutes of Health, was not properly filed with the Environmental Protection Agency, addresses the establishment of a master plan to guide and coordinate physical development of buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years. The master plan would be developed in response to projected NIH administrative, research, and infrastructure support needs, and not commit NIH to any of the projects. The implementation of any project in the master plan is dependent on Congressional funding. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS. The implementation of the master plan, as described in the final EIS, would provide guidance for up to 14 new laboratory buildings for intramural research; a complete upgrading and modernization of power plants and other support utilities and infrastructure; the replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; the consolidation of surface parking into multiple level and underground parking structures; the construction of a Loop Road, with emphasis placed on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use in the central core area of the campus; a physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level, and protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures; the construction of a 250-bed clinical center inpatient hospital; the construction of stormwater management facilities that would meet state standards; the construction of expanded child daycare facilities for employees, small scale retail service, and other employee amenities; and the establishment of a natural zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer adjoining residential neighborhoods from NIH facilities and activities. This supplement addresses revisions to the plan required due to the construction of the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center and the need to re-route Center Drive, which would displace sites for several structures proposed in the 1995 master plan. Twelve alternative sites were studied for their compliance with master plan criteria, these alternatives being narrowed to five sites in the northwest quadrant for the five facilities under consideration. The five facilities to be affected would include a day care center, a Potomac Electric Power Company substation, a fire station and potential public safety annex, a guest house, and a parking structure. With the exception of the substation, the construction of these facilities was addressed in the final EIS; however, the siting of each facility, discussed in this supplement, has changed. The impacts would be largely the same as those described in the final EIS. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The master plan activities would meet current and projected NIH laboratory and clinical center needs, increase the capability to install advanced equipment for patient care, and increase administrative efficiency. Employment would expand to 18,000 jobs by the year 2015, representing an increase of 1,675 jobs over that projected under the No Action Alternative. Occupiable building space would increase from 7.0 million gross square feet (mgsf) to 7.4 mgsf by 2000 and to 10.0 mgsf by 2015. The land use and socioeconomic impacts would be consistent with local central business district development plans, and traffic congestion impacts would not depart significantly from those under the No Action Alternative. The substation would provide more flexibility and redundancy in supplying electrical energy to the campus. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, as described in the final EIS, peak electric power demand would increase from 66,000 kilowatts (kW) to 108,000 kW, and peak water demand would increase from 6,000 to 9,350 gallons per minute; significant increases in would also occur for sanitary sewer flows, and in demand for steam, chilled water, and natural gas. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952, as amended (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft supplement to the draft EIS, see 95-0387D, Volume 19, Number 4. For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 93-0454D, Volume 17, Number 6. JF - EPA number: 990209, Draft Supplemental EIS--23 pages, Amendment to Master Plan--20 pages, Final EIS (Volume I)--332 pages, Final EIS (Volume II)--160 pages, June 3, 1999 PY - 1999 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Drainage KW - Electric Power KW - Employment KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Hospitals KW - Housing KW - Land Use KW - Natural Gas KW - Power Plants KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Sewers KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Supply KW - Maryland KW - National Institutes of Health, Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, as amended, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36418936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28SECOND+DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28SECOND+DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JULY+1995%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Facilities Planning and Programming Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: June 3, 1999 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low frequency of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism as revealed by a one-step polymerase chain reaction method. AN - 70003851; 10471064 AB - Human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) has been shown to metabolically activate carcinogens and mutagens. Genetic polymorphisms for CYP2A6 have been reported previously in different ethnic groups using a two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify CYP2A6*1, CYP2A6*2 and CYP2A6*3. Moreover, a new truncated allele has been recently identified in a Japanese population. We report here a one-step PCR amplification of the CYP2A6 gene from human genomic DNA and the detection of intact CYP2A6 alleles by restriction enzyme digestion. The diagnostic exon (exon 3) of the CYP2A6 gene was amplified from human genomic DNA with a primer pair. The forward primer is unique to the CYP2A6 gene, which eliminates previous problems in amplifying two highly homologous CYP2A genes, CYP2A7 and CYP2A13, in humans. The resulting PCR products (214 bp) were digested with XcmI or DdeI to detect the presence of CYP2A6*2 or CYP2A6*3 alleles, respectively. The allelic frequencies for CYP2A6*2 were 2.3% (n = 320) in the Caucasian and 0.7% (n = 71) in the Chinese populations, respectively. CYP2A6*3 allelic frequency in the Chinese population was 0.7%; while no CYP2A6*3 allele was detected in the Caucasian population. The allelic frequencies are relatively low and the reason for this discrepancy between different methods is discussed. JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - Chen, G F AU - Tang, Y M AU - Green, B AU - Lin, D X AU - Guengerich, F P AU - Daly, A K AU - Caporaso, N E AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 327 EP - 332 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - CYP2A6 protein, human KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Introns KW - Gene Frequency KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70003851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Low+frequency+of+CYP2A6+gene+polymorphism+as+revealed+by+a+one-step+polymerase+chain+reaction+method.&rft.au=Chen%2C+G+F%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BGreen%2C+B%3BLin%2C+D+X%3BGuengerich%2C+F+P%3BDaly%2C+A+K%3BCaporaso%2C+N+E%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine fumigation: a greenhouse application. AN - 69931614; 10429727 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Krake, A M AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Nicotine -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Ventilation -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69931614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Nicotine+fumigation%3A+a+greenhouse+application.&rft.au=Krake%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal spores: hazardous to health? AN - 69931159; 10423389 AB - Fungi have long been known to affect human well being in various ways, including disease of essential crop plants, decay of stored foods with possible concomitant production of mycotoxins, superficial and systemic infection of human tissues, and disease associated with immune stimulation such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and toxic pneumonitis. The spores of a large number of important fungi are less than 5 microm aerodynamic diameter, and therefore are able to enter the lungs. They also may contain significant amounts of mycotoxins. Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores include toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tremors, chronic fatigue syndrome, kidney failure, and cancer. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Sorenson, W G AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. wgs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 469 EP - 472 VL - 107 Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Mycotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Spores, Fungal -- pathogenicity KW - Spores, Fungal -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69931159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Fungal+spores%3A+hazardous+to+health%3F&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Res. 1985 Dec;38(2):407-16 [2415351] Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984 Sep;73(5):584-8 [6485774] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Apr;66:45-53 [2423320] Int J Immunopharmacol. 1986;8(7):789-97 [2430903] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987 Feb;8(2):230-5 [3556834] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jun;53(6):1370-5 [3496850] Br J Cancer. 1988 Sep;58(3):392-6 [3179193] Infect Immun. 1989 Jul;57(7):2260-4 [2499548] J Med Vet Mycol. 1989;27(1):45-50 [2474066] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Nov;140(5):1363-7 [2817598] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1989 Mar;43(1):7-14 [2592894] Appl Microbiol. 1968 Aug;16(8):1251-2 [5675513] Br Med J. 1976 Mar 20;1(6011):691 [175881] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Nov;55(11):2856-60 [2483040] Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990 Jul;68(7):1009-16 [2200583] Mycopathologia. 1990 Dec;112(3):139-45 [2089255] Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Jul 15;134(2):196-203 [1862803] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Dec;17(6):436-40 [1788537] Mycopathologia. 1991 Dec;116(3):203-8 [1724551] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Jun;13(6):1031-3 [1600607] J Med Vet Mycol. 1992;30 Suppl 1:9-18 [1474464] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 Dec 15;100(1-3):337-43 [1478468] Mycopathologia. 1992 Nov;120(2):121-7 [1336129] Nephron. 1993;64(4):621-5 [8366990] Can J Neurol Sci. 1993 Aug;20(3):237-9 [8221391] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):198-205 [8171428] Nat Toxins. 1995;3(1):10-6 [7749577] Eur J Pediatr. 1995 Dec;154(12):994-5 [8801109] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):207-18 [8738349] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Feb;35(2):182-8 [9038239] Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Feb;26(1):120-5 [9126511] Mycoses. 1997;40 Suppl 1:110-4 [9417508] J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Mar;40(3):241-9 [9531095] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Aug;152(8):757-62 [9701134] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3620-5 [9758776] Ann Intern Med. 1976 Aug;85(2):204-5 [942142] Immunology. 1979 Jan;36(1):111-7 [369993] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1979 Mar;160(3):302-11 [311923] Mykosen. 1980 Mar;23(3):130-3 [7191050] Can J Microbiol. 1983 Jan;29(1):1-5 [6403210] Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17 [6857273] Environ Res. 1983 Dec;32(2):269-85 [6641665] Environ Res. 1984 Feb;33(1):246-60 [6363056] Food Chem Toxicol. 1984 Jan;22(1):39-43 [6537935] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Apr;66:105-8 [3709472] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response trend tests for tumorigenesis, adjusted for body weight. AN - 69914050; 10416278 AB - Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between rodent body weight and tumor incidence for some tissue/organ sites. It is not uncommon for a chemical tested for carcinogenicity to also affect body weight. In such cases, comparisons of tumor incidence may be biased by body-weight differences across dose groups. A simple procedure was investigated for reducing this bias. This procedure divides the animals into a few groups based on body weight. Body weight at 12 months was used, before the appearance of a tumor was likely to affect body weight. Statistics for dose-response trend tests are calculated within body weight strata and pooled to obtain an overall dose-response trend test. This procedure is analogous to that currently used, of stratifying animals, based on their age at the time of removal from a study. Age stratification is used to account for differences in animal age across dose groups, which can affect comparisons of tumor incidence. Several examples were investigated where the high-dose group had reduced body weights and associated reductions in tumor incidence. When the data were analyzed by body-weight strata, some positive dose-response trends for tumor incidence were demonstrated. In one case, the weight-adjusted analysis indicated that a negative dose-response trend in tumor incidence was a real effect, in addition to a body weight reduction. These examples indicate that it is important to consider the effects of body weight changes as low as 10%, and perhaps below, that were caused by chemicals in 2-year bioassays for carcinogenesis. The simple procedure of analyzing tumor incidence within body-weight strata can reduce the bias introduced by weight differences across dose groups. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 318 EP - 323 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Anisoles KW - 0 KW - Nitrobenzoates KW - Doxylamine KW - 95QB77JKPL KW - 4-nitrobenzoic acid KW - G83NWR61OW KW - doxylamine succinate KW - V9BI9B5YI2 KW - 2-nitroanisole KW - ZRE7HLZ17K KW - Index Medicus KW - Doxylamine -- toxicity KW - Age Factors KW - Nitrobenzoates -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Doxylamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Anisoles -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Body Weight KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69914050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+trend+tests+for+tumorigenesis%2C+adjusted+for+body+weight.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The duration of non-rodent toxicity studies for pharmaceuticals. International Conference on Harmonication (ICH). AN - 69911933; 10416259 AB - At the present time, there are no uniform standards for the duration of non-rodent chronic toxicity studies. The European Union (EU) requires a 6-month non-rodent study. In Japan, a 6-month study is sufficient for most, but not all, compounds. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains its standard duration of 12 months for non-rodents, with 6-month studies accepted for some clinical indications on a case-by-case basis. To achieve harmonization on the duration of non-rodent toxicity studies, each member regulatory region (EU, U.S., and Japan) of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) collected non-rodent studies with significant new toxicological findings that had occurred after 6 months. An ICH expert working group was organized that included representatives from the regulatory authorities of each ICH region, to jointly review all available case studies for the purpose of arriving at a consensus on the best duration time for non-rodent toxicity studies. Eighteen case studies were identified and evaluated (16 original cases plus 2 additional FDA cases); most of the toxicities identified fell into the following categories: (1) toxicities identified at 6 months; (2) toxicities observed at 12 months, which were absent or considered isolated and not noteworthy findings at 6 months; (3) drug-related deaths or morbidity that occurred between 6 and 12 months, with a pattern of toxicity that permitted the interpolation of findings to an intermediate interval between 6 and 12 months; and (4) a shift in the dose response for toxicity with increasing duration of drug exposure. Of the 18 cases evaluated, 11 supported a study-duration of 9-12 months, 4 supported a duration of 12 months, and the 3 remaining cases indicated that a 6-month study would be adequate. The working group concluded that there was sufficient evidence to support a harmonized 9-month duration for non-rodent toxicity studies, which would be applicable for most categories of pharmaceuticals. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Meyers, L L AU - Takahashi, M AU - Contrera, J F AD - FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Review Management, Rockville, MD 28057, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 143 EP - 155 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Animals KW - International Cooperation KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Europe KW - Time Factors KW - Japan KW - Toxicity Tests KW - International Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69911933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+duration+of+non-rodent+toxicity+studies+for+pharmaceuticals.+International+Conference+on+Harmonication+%28ICH%29.&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BMeyers%2C+L+L%3BTakahashi%2C+M%3BContrera%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of veterinary drug residues in food for their potential to affect human intestinal microflora. AN - 69866343; 10388611 AB - The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may result in trace quantities of the drugs or their metabolites being present as residues in food. The effects of veterinary drugs intended for use in food-producing animals on intestinal microflora are evaluated in drug registration since these residues may pose a risk due to their antibiotic activity. This article reviews the different in vivo and in vitro experimental test systems and approaches used by animal health industries, contract laboratories, and regulatory authorities to assess the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods for human consumption. Furthermore, we propose a systematic approach to assess the effects and safety of veterinary drug residues on the human intestinal microflora. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Cerniglia, C E AU - Kotarski, S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA. CCerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 238 EP - 261 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Veterinary Drugs -- toxicity KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69866343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+veterinary+drug+residues+in+food+for+their+potential+to+affect+human+intestinal+microflora.&rft.au=Cerniglia%2C+C+E%3BKotarski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cerniglia&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl-C8-deoxyguanosyl DNA adducts produced in vitro and in vivo using HPLC-ES-MS. AN - 69806827; 10357788 AB - Electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) is a powerful tool for analysis of carcinogen-adducted DNA. In this study, we developed a quantitative isotope dilution method for analysis of N-(deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP), the principal nucleoside adduct derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP)-modified DNA. The method used column switching valves to perform on-line sample concentration and cleanup, which permitted direct analysis of enzymatic DNA hydrolysates using narrow-bore liquid chromatography (LC). ES-MS detection was performed using a single quadrupole instrument by monitoring M+H+ and two fragment ions characteristic for dG-C8-4-ABP, along with M+H+ and a fragment ion for the deuterated internal standard. The detection limit for dG-C8-4-ABP in DNA hydrolysates was approximately 10 pg on-column, equivalent to 0.7 dG-C8-4-ABP adducts in 10(7) normal nucleotides for a sample containing 100 microg DNA. The method was applied to the analysis of calf thymus DNA modified in vitro through reaction with N-hydroxy-4-ABP and of hepatic DNA isolated from mice treated in vivo with two dose levels of 4-ABP. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Marques, M M AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA and Instituto Superior Tecnico, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1055 EP - 1061 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 86408-34-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Mice KW - Male KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Deoxyguanosine -- pharmacology KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69806827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+4-aminobiphenyl-C8-deoxyguanosyl+DNA+adducts+produced+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+using+HPLC-ES-MS.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BMarques%2C+M+M%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1055&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 cells following exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. AN - 69806528; 10357783 AB - To determine whether there is a biological basis for epidemiological studies which suggest an association between exposure to magnetic fields and cancer, we have attempted to replicate earlier findings on cellular enzymes related to cell proliferation. Here we report on an effort to replicate the doubling of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in L929 murine fibroblasts following exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields reported by Litovitz et al. Efforts were made to reproduce the methods and exposure conditions used by the original investigators. Positive controls showed that our assay system responded to other known stimuli of ODC activity. We extended the previously reported investigations by testing a number of exposure conditions and other associated variables. Initial results suggested that cells exposed in the original investigators' laboratory demonstrated an enhanced enzyme activity, whereas cells exposed in our laboratory did not. Experiments in our laboratory using the most important elements of the original investigators' exposure system did not demonstrate any enhancement of ODC activity. Finally, a series of magnetic field exposure and sham exposure experiments conducted in the original investigators' laboratory failed to demonstrate an effect of magnetic fields on ODC activity. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Cress, L W AU - Owen, R D AU - Desta, A B AD - FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-114), 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. lwc@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1025 EP - 1030 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Electromagnetic Fields UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69806528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Ornithine+decarboxylase+activity+in+L929+cells+following+exposure+to+60+Hz+magnetic+fields.&rft.au=Cress%2C+L+W%3BOwen%2C+R+D%3BDesta%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Cress&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyses of bronchial bulky DNA adduct levels and CYP2C9, GSTP1 and NQO1 genotypes in a Hungarian study population with pulmonary diseases. AN - 69805144; 10357778 AB - Carcinogen-DNA adducts may represent an intermediate end-point in the carcinogenic cascade and may reflect exposure to chemical carcinogens, as well as susceptibility and, ultimately, cancer risk. Interindividual variability in activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to mutagenic diol epoxides may predict adduct levels and, indirectly, lung cancer risk. Using 32P-postlabeling methods, the levels of bulky DNA adducts were determined in macroscopically normal bronchial tissues obtained from resected lobes of 143 Hungarian patients with lung malignancy and other pulmonary conditions. DNA from normal tissue was also evaluated for polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) at two sites, codons 144 (Arg/Cys) and 359 (Ile/Leu), for glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) at codon 105 and for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) at codon 187 (Pro/Ser). Using the Mann-Whitney U-test and analysis of variance, levels of adducts were evaluated in relation to variant genotypes, separately for smokers and non-smokers. As previously reported, bulky DNA adduct levels in smokers (n = 104) were estimated to be 54% higher than in non-smokers (n = 39) (8.6 +/- 4.2 versus 5.6 +/- 3.3 per 10(8) nucleotides, respectively, P < 0.01). Adduct levels were 16-29% higher in individuals with the homozygous Ile359/Ile359 CYP2C9 allele than in those heterozygous for the variant allele (Ile359/Leu359) [8.8 +/- 4.3 (n = 84) versus 7.6 +/- 3.5 (n = 20) for smokers and 5.8 +/- 3.5 (n = 32) versus 4.5 +/- 1.3 (n = 7) for non-smokers], although differences were not statistically significant. There were no clear differences in adduct levels in relation to genotypes of NQO1 or GSTP1. Although numbers of patients in this study are large in relation to many studies of carcinogen-DNA adducts, it is still possible that significant differences were not noted for polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes due to relatively small numbers in stratified data. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ozawa, S AU - Schoket, B AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Tang, Y M AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Kostic, S AU - Vincze, I AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 991 EP - 995 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Steroid Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.- KW - CYP2C9 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) KW - EC 1.6.5.2 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hungary KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) -- genetics KW - Lung Diseases -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Steroid Hydroxylases -- genetics KW - Lung Diseases -- ethnology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69805144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Analyses+of+bronchial+bulky+DNA+adduct+levels+and+CYP2C9%2C+GSTP1+and+NQO1+genotypes+in+a+Hungarian+study+population+with+pulmonary+diseases.&rft.au=Ozawa%2C+S%3BSchoket%2C+B%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BAmbrosone%2C+C+B%3BKostic%2C+S%3BVincze%2C+I%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Ozawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nylon flock-associated interstitial lung disease. AN - 69794595; 10351952 AB - A work-related interstitial lung disease has been diagnosed in workers at five nylon flock facilities in three different states and a Canadian province. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health hosted a workshop at which consulting pulmonary pathologists reviewed lung tissue samples from all the cases for which lung biopsy material was available (15 of 20 cases known in January 1998). After independent review and scoring of these lung tissue specimens, the pathologists reached consensus that the histopathological findings revealed a characteristic lesion-a lymphocytic bronchiolitis and peribronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia represented by lymphoid aggregates. The pathologists noted that the pathological findings were distinctive when compared with known lung conditions. The clinical presentation for the cases generally included cough, dyspnea, restrictive ventilatory defect with reduction in diffusing capacity, and interstitial markings on chest radiographs or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. Six of the cases improved after removal from workplace exposure without medical treatment. Six others, who had recovered with medical treatment and removal from the workplace, had relapses in both symptoms and objective findings after attempting to return to nylon flock work. With this and other evidence supporting the existence of chronic interstitial pneumonitis associated with nylon flock processing, workshop participants recommended surveillance for early identification of affected workers and their removal from further workplace exposure. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Eschenbacher, W L AU - Kreiss, K AU - Lougheed, M D AU - Pransky, G S AU - Day, B AU - Castellan, R M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 2003 EP - 2008 VL - 159 IS - 6 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Nylons KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Radiography, Thoracic KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- pathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnostic imaging KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- diagnostic imaging KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- pathology KW - Nylons -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69794595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Nylon+flock-associated+interstitial+lung+disease.&rft.au=Eschenbacher%2C+W+L%3BKreiss%2C+K%3BLougheed%2C+M+D%3BPransky%2C+G+S%3BDay%2C+B%3BCastellan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Eschenbacher&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A unified approach to risk characterization. AN - 69499604; 11202999 JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AU - Krewski, D AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. dgaylor@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1999 SP - 575 EP - 578 VL - 11 IS - 6-7 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Risk Assessment -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69499604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=A+unified+approach+to+risk+characterization.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BKrewski%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of some common solvents from protective clothing breakthrough indicator pads by microwave-solvent extraction and gas chromatography. AN - 69462592; 10736878 AB - The efficiency of solvent adsorption using Permea-Tec general solvent pads, used for the detection of chemical breakthrough of protective clothing, was determined for methanol, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, trichloroethylene (TriCE), tetrachloroethylene (TetCE), toluene, m-xylene, and D-limonene. Known volumes of single or mixed solvents were added to pads in the range 0.2-5.0 microliters (0.16-8.13 micrograms). After microwave-solvent extraction (ME) into hexan-1-ol, the samples (0.5-3.0 microliters) of the filtered and extracted solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography. All solvents exhibited > 97% adsorption on the pads at spiking levels of 0.48-0.98 microgram for each solvent. The solvent recovery for the system was calculated for each solvent, with solvents with boiling points below 110 degrees C showing recoveries of > 90%, and with solvents with boiling points above 110 degrees C showing recoveries from 80 to 90%. The recovery precision was good (RSD < or = 4%) for all solvents over the range 1.0-2.5 microliters of applied solvents to pads for ME and 1.0 microliter of extracted solutions for GC analysis. JF - The Analyst AU - Vo, E AU - Berardinelli, S P AU - Hall, R C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 941 EP - 944 VL - 124 IS - 6 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Microwaves KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Protective Clothing KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Solvents -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69462592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+some+common+solvents+from+protective+clothing+breakthrough+indicator+pads+by+microwave-solvent+extraction+and+gas+chromatography.&rft.au=Vo%2C+E%3BBerardinelli%2C+S+P%3BHall%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An oligonucleotide-ligation assay for the differentiation between Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. polymerase chain reaction amplification products AN - 17424198; 4638895 AB - An oligonucleotide-ligation assay (OLA) was developed and compared to a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) test for distinguishing between 294-bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products of the 18S rRNA gene from Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. The PCR/OLA correctly distinguished between three Cyclospora, three E. tenella, and one E. mitis strains and the ratio of positive to negative spectrophotometric absorbance (A sub(490)) values for each strain ranged from 4.086 to 15.280 (median 9.5). PCR/OLA provides a rapid, reliable, spectrophotometric alternative to PCR/RFLP. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Wetherington, J H AU - Hill, W E AU - Omiescinski, C J AU - Adams, A M AU - Johnson, J M AU - Tenge, B J AU - Dang, N-L AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Products Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA 98041, USA, kjinnema@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 682 EP - 685 VL - 62 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - oligonucleotide-ligation assay KW - oligonucleotides KW - rRNA 18S KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Cyclospora KW - Spectroscopy KW - Eimeria KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Taxonomy KW - K 03004:Protozoa KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17424198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=An+oligonucleotide-ligation+assay+for+the+differentiation+between+Cyclospora+and+Eimeria+spp.+polymerase+chain+reaction+amplification+products&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+K+C%3BWetherington%2C+J+H%3BHill%2C+W+E%3BOmiescinski%2C+C+J%3BAdams%2C+A+M%3BJohnson%2C+J+M%3BTenge%2C+B+J%3BDang%2C+N-L%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclospora; Eimeria; Polymerase chain reaction; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Spectroscopy; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forum. The duration of non-rodent toxicity studies for pharmaceuticals AN - 17383247; 4605575 AB - At the present time, there are no uniform standards for the duration of non-rodent chronic toxicity studies. The European Union (EU) requires a 6-month non-rodent study. In Japan, a 6-month study is sufficient for most, but not all, compounds. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains its standard duration of 12 months for non-rodents, with 6-month studies accepted for some clinical indications on a case-by-case basis. To achieve harmonization on the duration of non-rodent toxicity studies, each member regulatory region (EU, U.S., and Japan) of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) collected non-rodent studies with significant new toxicological findings that had occurred after 6 months. An ICH expert working group was organized that included representatives from the regulatory authorities of each ICH region, to jointly review all available case studies for the purpose of arriving at a consensus on the best duration time for non-rodent toxicity studies. Eighteen case studies were identified and evaluated (16 original cases plus 2 additional FDA cases); most of the toxicities identified fell into the following categories: (1) toxicities identified at 6 months; (2) toxicities observed at 12 months, which were absent or considered isolated and not noteworthy findings at 6 months; (3) drug-related deaths or morbidity that occurred between 6 and 12 months, with a pattern of toxicity that permitted the interpolation of findings to an intermediate interval between 6 and 12 months; and (4) to a shift in the dose response for toxicity with increasing duration of drug exposure. Of the 18 cases evaluated, 11 supported a study-duration of 9-12 months, 4 supported a duration of 12 months, and the 3 remaining cases indicated that a 6-month study would be adequate. The working group concluded that there was sufficient evidence to support a harmonized 9-month duration for non-rodent toxicity studies, which would be applicable for most categories of pharmaceuticals. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Meyers, L L AU - Takahashi, M AU - Contrera, J F AD - Testing and Research, (HFD-901), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 28057, USA, contrerajf@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 143 EP - 155 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - rodents KW - harmonization KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - International cooperation KW - Chronic toxicity KW - Animal models KW - Laboratory animals KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17383247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Forum.+The+duration+of+non-rodent+toxicity+studies+for+pharmaceuticals&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BMeyers%2C+L+L%3BTakahashi%2C+M%3BContrera%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Laboratory animals; Pharmaceuticals; Toxicity testing; International cooperation; Animal models; Chronic toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidase-Based DDT-Pyrethroid Cross-Resistance in Guatemalan Anopheles albimanus AN - 17365599; 4568457 AB - An oxidase resistance mechanism producing DDT-pyrethroid cross-resistance has been identified in an isofemale line of Guatemalan Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann through application of bottle bioassays and biochemical analysis. The resistance is fully synergized by piperonyl butoxide. Oxidase resistance in individuals may be detected and levels measured using a microplate assay. Only adult female mosquitoes express the oxidase mechanism. In the parent strain, an additional pyrethroid resistance mechanism, an elevated esterase, coexists with the oxidase. Mosquitoes with the oxidase resistance show induction by phenobarbital and sublethal pyrethroid exposure. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Brogdon, W G AU - Mcallister, J C AU - Corwin, A M AU - Cordon-Rosales, C AD - Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, 30341, Georgia Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 101 EP - 111 PB - Academic Press VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - Diptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Anopheles albimanus KW - oxidase KW - pyrethroids KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biochemistry KW - Environmental health KW - Pyrethroids KW - Insecta KW - Testing Procedures KW - Water Quality KW - Culicidae KW - Toxicity KW - Pesticide resistance KW - Bioassays KW - DDT KW - Pesticides KW - Toxicity testing KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17365599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=Oxidase-Based+DDT-Pyrethroid+Cross-Resistance+in+Guatemalan+Anopheles+albimanus&rft.au=Brogdon%2C+W+G%3BMcallister%2C+J+C%3BCorwin%2C+A+M%3BCordon-Rosales%2C+C&rft.aulast=Brogdon&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpest.1999.2415 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culicidae; Anopheles albimanus; Mosquitoes; Toxicity; Pesticides; Testing Procedures; Water Quality; DDT; Biochemistry; Pyrethroids; Bioassays; Insecta; Environmental health; Toxicity testing; Pesticide resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1999.2415 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Vibrio fluvialis implicated in recent outbreaks among American lobsters AN - 17342003; 4621116 AB - An unexplained, highly invasive disease has emerged in Homarus americanus (American lobsters) harvested from Atlantic coastal waters. Economic losses exceeding $2.5 million threaten the $136 million-a-year industry. Gram-negative bacilli were observed in hemolymph samples from diseased lobsters; results from antibiotic therapy studies showed that enrofloxicin was highly effective (100% survival) in abating illness in naturally diseased lobsters and lobsters experimentally infected with hemolymph from diseased animals. Culture of hemolymph samples from 5 of 6 diseased lobsters yielded bacteria, of which Vibrio fluvialis (Vf) was the predominant microorganism. The isolates were highly susceptible to a variety of antibiotics tested. PFGE analysis showed that most of the isolates either shared a common DNA fingerprint or possessed minor variants thereof; two could not be typed. Seven isolates possessed plasmids. A sheep hemagglutinin was found to be expressed by 93% of the isolates. This suggests the presence of cell-associated proteases or adherence factors. Invasion studies using Atlantic menhaden liver cells demonstrated that the Vf strains were capable of invasion, irrespective of plasmid presence. Our results indicate that this illness was likely caused by a cohort of highly related, invasive Vf strains that expressed a sheep hemagglutinin. The emergence of this pathogen, capable of infecting fish and humans, and reported now for the first time in Crustacea poses a significant health and economic threat that merits additional studies. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Tall, B D AU - Crosby, M AU - Prince, D AU - Becker, J AU - Clerge, G AU - Lightner, D AU - Mohney, L AU - Dey, M AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Lampel, KA AU - Bier, J W AU - Eribo, B E AU - Bayer, R Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2 EP - 326 PB - National Shellfisheries Association KW - American lobster KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Vibrio fluvialis KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Public health KW - Virulence KW - DNA KW - ANW, Atlantic KW - Lobster fisheries KW - Seafood KW - Homarus americanus KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17342003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Tall%2C+B+D%3BCrosby%2C+M%3BPrince%2C+D%3BBecker%2C+J%3BClerge%2C+G%3BLightner%2C+D%3BMohney%2C+L%3BDey%2C+M%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M%3BLampel%2C+KA%3BBier%2C+J+W%3BEribo%2C+B+E%3BBayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Vibrio+fluvialis+implicated+in+recent+outbreaks+among+American+lobsters&rft.title=Vibrio+fluvialis+implicated+in+recent+outbreaks+among+American+lobsters&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Abstracts Only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aedes albopictus in the United States: Current status and prospects for further spread AN - 17332961; 4608570 AB - Since its initial discovery in the continental USA in 1985, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has spread rapidly throughout the eastern part of the country. Infestations of Ae. albopictus now have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 919 counties in 26 states in the continental USA. This species is believed to be established in 911 counties in 25 states. Single individuals or small numbers of Ae. albopictus have been intercepted and destroyed in 3 additional states (California, New Mexico, and Washington). Five states (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee) have reported infestations in all of their counties. The current reported distribution of Ae. albopictus was compared to ecoregions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Level III ecoregion map. Several areas are identified as probable candidates for extension of this species based on ecological characteristics of the landscape. In other areas, populations seem likely to become locally abundant in urban or suburban oases that do not reflect the native ecology of the region. The ability of Ae. albopictus to transmit a variety of pathogens of human and veterinary public health importance, coupled with its ability to colonize diverse ecological settings makes continued surveillance an important issue. JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association AU - Moore, C G AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 8756-971X, 8756-971X KW - Diptera KW - Forest day mosquito KW - Mosquitoes KW - USA KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological vectors KW - Range extension KW - Geographical distribution KW - Culicidae KW - Aedes albopictus KW - Disease transmission KW - Pest status KW - Introduced species KW - Dispersion KW - Q1 08302:Geographical distribution KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Z 05229:Nearctic region UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17332961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.atitle=Aedes+albopictus+in+the+United+States%3A+Current+status+and+prospects+for+further+spread&rft.au=Moore%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Mosquito+Control+Association&rft.issn=8756971X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological vectors; Geographical distribution; Introduced species; Dispersion; Disease transmission; Range extension; Pest status; Culicidae; Aedes albopictus; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced respiratory illness during the repair of a portland cement kiln AN - 17319438; 4586377 AB - Workers at a portland cement plant had experienced acute respiratory and eye irritation when performing maintenance inside a kiln. These episodes were associated with a bleach-like odor, which was only reported during maintenance operations. An industrial hygiene investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the illness. While workers replaced refractory brick inside the kiln, air samples were collected for chlorine, sulfur dioxide, inorganic acid, ozone, and dust. After the rebricking was completed and all the workers had exited the kiln, its electrostatic precipitator was reduced to half power and the induced-draft (ID) fan was turned off to recreate conditions present during illness episodes. Chlorine, inorganic acid, and ozone were not detected, and only trace concentrations of sulfur dioxide were detected while workers were inside the kiln. However, when conditions present during previous episodes were recreated, the bleach-like odor was soon evident. Chlorine was not detected, but 0.09 to 0.11 ppm of ozone was measured at the discharge end of the kiln, and 4.5 ppm was measured at the inlet end. Within a half hour after the electrostatic precipitator was turned off and the ID fan was turned on, the ozone concentrations decreased to background levels of 0.02--0.03 ppm. Somewhat lower ozone exposures may have occurred during previous kiln maintenance operations due to more open access portals, but previous episodes of eye and respiratory irritation were probably caused when ozone, generated by the electrostatic precipitator, back-drafted into the kiln after the ID fan was turned off. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Almaguer, D AU - Kirk, LH III AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, wts1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 227 EP - 232 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - cement industry KW - kilns KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Industrial plants KW - Electrostatic precipitators KW - Odors KW - Maintenance KW - Hazardous materials KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17319438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+respiratory+illness+during+the+repair+of+a+portland+cement+kiln&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BAlmaguer%2C+D%3BKirk%2C+LH+III&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odors; Occupational exposure; Hazardous materials; Industrial plants; Maintenance; Electrostatic precipitators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: oxygen carriers, pressor agents, or oxidants? AN - 17266781; 4571599 AB - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes are being developed as oxygen-carrying agents for the prevention of ischemic tissue damage and hypovolemic (low blood volume) shock. The ability of cell-free hemoglobin blood substitutes to affect vascular tone through the removal of nitric oxide has also prompted an evaluation of their usefulness for maintaining blood pressure in critically ill patients. Before the clinical potential of these substitutes can be fully realized, however, concerns remain as to the intrinsic toxicity of the hemoglobin molecule, particularly the interference of the heme prosthetic group with the tissue oxidant/antioxidant balance. This review provides some insights into the complex redox chemistry of hemoglobin and places an emphasis on how current knowledge may be exploited both to selectively enhance/suppress specific chemical reaction pathway(s) and to ultimately design safer hemoglobin-based therapeutics. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Alayash, AI AD - Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH campus, Building 29, Room 112, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20892, USA, Alayash@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 545 EP - 549 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - blood substitutes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Heme KW - Hemoglobin KW - Oxygen KW - Reviews KW - Nitric oxide KW - Oxidants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17266781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin-based+blood+substitutes%3A+oxygen+carriers%2C+pressor+agents%2C+or+oxidants%3F&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxidants; Reviews; Nitric oxide; Oxygen; Hemoglobin; Heme ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virus passage through track-etch membranes modified by salinity and a nonionic surfactant AN - 17253396; 4553962 AB - Why do viruses sometimes not pass through larger pores in track-etch filters. Increasing the salinity (0.8 to 160 mM Na super(+)) decreased phi X174 and PRD1 passage through track-etch polycarbonate membranes (sodium dodecyl sulfate coated but not polyvinylpyrrolidone coated) and PRD1 passage through polyester membranes. Undiminished passage when 0.1% Tween 80 was added implied that nonionic virus adsorption occurred and indicated that high levels of salinity decreased virus passage by decreasing electrostatic repulsion that prevented adsorption. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Routson, L B AU - Jain, N B AU - Myers, M R AU - Green, B L AD - HFZ-112, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 12709 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20857, USA, cdl@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2773 EP - 2775 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sodium lauryl sulfate KW - Tween 80 KW - polysorbates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Membranes KW - Phage phi X174 KW - Pores KW - Salinity effects KW - Surfactants KW - Phage PRD1 KW - V 22021:Virus purification & preparation KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17253396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virus+passage+through+track-etch+membranes+modified+by+salinity+and+a+nonionic+surfactant&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BRoutson%2C+L+B%3BJain%2C+N+B%3BMyers%2C+M+R%3BGreen%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phage PRD1; Phage phi X174; Membranes; Surfactants; Salinity effects; Pores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cr(IV) causes activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, DNA strand breaks and dG hydroxylation via free radical reactions. AN - 69885624; 10402675 AB - Electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA strand breakage assays and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping were used to investigate the activation of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappa B, DNA strand breakage and 2'-deoxyguanosine hydroxylation induced by Cr(IV), as well the role of free radical reactions in these processes. Incubation of synthesized Cr(IV)-glutathione complex with cultured Jurkat cells resulted in activation of DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Cr(VI) is also able to induce NF-kappa B activation through Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates generated during the reduction of Cr(VI) by the cells. Cr(III) did not cause observable NF-kappa B activation due to its inability to cross cell membranes. Cr(IV)-induced NF-kappa B activation is dose-dependent. Catalase inhibited the activation while superoxide dismutase enhanced it. The metal chelator, deferoxamine, and hydroxyl (.OH) radical scavengers, sodium formate and aspirin, also inhibited the NF-kappa B activation. Electrophoretic assays using lambda Hind III linear DNA showed that, in the presence of H2O2, Cr(IV) is capable of causing DNA strand breaks. Deferoxamine, sodium formate and aspirin inhibited the DNA strand breaks. HPLC measurements also show that .OH radical generated by the Cr(IV)-mediated reaction with H2O2 was capable of causing 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) hydroxylation to generate 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The relative magnitude of 8-OHdG formation correlated with the generation of .OH radicals. ESR spin trapping measurements showed that reaction of Cr(IV) with H2O2 generated .OH radicals, which were inhibited by deferoxamine, sodium formate and aspirin. The results show that Cr(IV) can cause NF-kappa B activation, DNA strand breaks and dG hydroxylation through .OH radical-initiated reactions. This reactive chromium intermediate may play an important role in the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The results also suggest that the Cr(IV)-glutathione complex may be used as a model compound to study the role of Cr(IV) in Cr(VI) carcinogenicity. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Shi, X AU - Ding, M AU - Ye, J AU - Wang, S AU - Leonard, S S AU - Zang, L AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Chiu, A AU - Dalal, N AU - Liu, K AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. xas0@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 30 SP - 37 EP - 44 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Chelating Agents KW - Free Radicals KW - NF-kappa B KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrophoresis KW - Chelating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Antioxidants -- therapeutic use KW - Glutathione -- chemistry KW - Hydroxylation KW - NF-kappa B -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Chromium -- toxicity KW - Transcriptional Activation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69885624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Cr%28IV%29+causes+activation+of+nuclear+transcription+factor-kappa+B%2C+DNA+strand+breaks+and+dG+hydroxylation+via+free+radical+reactions.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BDing%2C+M%3BYe%2C+J%3BWang%2C+S%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BZang%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BChiu%2C+A%3BDalal%2C+N%3BLiu%2C+K&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-05-30&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations in Sabin 2 strain of poliovirus and stability of attenuation phenotype. AN - 69759407; 10329577 AB - In this study, we attempted to identify the molecular determinants in the genome of the attenuated Sabin 2 vaccine strain of poliovirus that may change during vaccine production and result in an increase in monkey neurovirulence. An extensive search for suitable vaccine lots identified six batches that had failed the monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT). On repeated tests, these batches were found to have acceptable levels of monkey neurovirulence. One of the batches was additionally passaged six times under conditions used in vaccine production, and the resulting high-passage sample was screened for the presence of mutations and tested in monkeys. In addition to the previously described A --> G reversion at nucleotide 481, high-passage stock also contained a mutation in the VP1-coding region (3364 = G --> A) that consistently accumulated in the course of passaging. However, despite the presence of substantial amounts of these mutations, high-passage stock passed the MNVT. Replication of Sabin 2 poliovirus in the central nervous system of transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus or in cultures of mouse cells, resulted in another mutation (3363 = A --> G). Even though its presence correlated with paralysis in mice, the introduction of 3363-G into the Sabin 2 genome did not increase neurovirulence of the virus. Previous studies identified the 481-G mutation as an important determinant of monkey neurovirulence. We prepared virus samples with varying amounts of genetically defined single mutants at this nucleotide and tested them in monkeys. The results demonstrated that even a 100% substitution at this site introduced into Sabin 2 strain did not increase monkey neurovirulence. The determination of the nucleotide sequence of an alternative strain used for the production of type 2 OPV (Chung 2) showed that it contained 100% of the wild-type 481-G but possessed an extremely low level of neurovirulence. These results demonstrate the remarkable stability of the attenuated phenotype of the Sabin 2 strain and show that (1) no batch of OPV 2 has ever repeatedly failed the MNVT, (2) growing the virus beyond the passage level allowed in vaccine production did not result in increased neurovirulence in monkeys, (3) a test for neurovirulence in transgenic mice may be more sensitive than the MNVT, and (4) determination of the mutational profile of vaccine batches detects inconsistencies in vaccine manufacturing processing that would not be detected by the MNVT. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Virology AU - Rezapkin, G V AU - Fan, L AU - Asher, D M AU - Fibi, M R AU - Dragunsky, E M AU - Chumakov, K M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-470 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/25/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 25 SP - 152 EP - 160 VL - 258 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - 5' Untranslated Regions KW - 0 KW - Capsid Proteins KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - Receptors, Virus KW - VP1 protein, Poliovirus KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - poliovirus receptor KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Receptors, Virus -- genetics KW - Receptors, Virus -- metabolism KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Virulence KW - Phenotype KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- genetics KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- genetics KW - Poliovirus -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69759407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+Sabin+2+strain+of+poliovirus+and+stability+of+attenuation+phenotype.&rft.au=Rezapkin%2C+G+V%3BFan%2C+L%3BAsher%2C+D+M%3BFibi%2C+M+R%3BDragunsky%2C+E+M%3BChumakov%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Rezapkin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-05-25&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Water fluoridation policy issuance T2 - IHS circ. no. 99-01 AN - 59793522; 2000-0100160 AB - Establishes national policy for Indian Health Service's (IHS) involvement in the fluoridation of Indian-owned and operated water supplies; some focus on the dental benefits of using fluoridated water; US. JF - United States Indian Health Service, May 21 1999. Y1 - 1999/05/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 21 PB - United States Indian Health Service KW - Dental service -- United States KW - Water supply -- Fluoridation KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Indians -- Health KW - Drinking water -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Water+fluoridation+policy+issuance&rft.title=Water+fluoridation+policy+issuance&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ihs.gov/publicinfo/publications/ihsmanual/Circulars/Circ99/9901.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Indian Health Service N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenesis patterns in a tRNA mutation marker gene altered to include repetitive sequence replicated in mutS E. coli. AN - 69903117; 10415506 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Levy, D D AU - Cebula, T A AD - United States Food & Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. ddl@vm.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 18 SP - 392 EP - 395 VL - 870 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Genetic Markers KW - supF tRNA KW - RNA, Transfer KW - 9014-25-9 KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.1.3 KW - MutS protein, E coli KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Repair -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- biosynthesis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Genes, Suppressor KW - DNA Replication KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - RNA, Transfer -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69903117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Mutagenesis+patterns+in+a+tRNA+mutation+marker+gene+altered+to+include+repetitive+sequence+replicated+in+mutS+E.+coli.&rft.au=Levy%2C+D+D%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-18&rft.volume=870&rft.issue=&rft.spage=392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of micronuclei in V79 cells by fractions of roofing asphalt fume condensate AN - 17234896; 4522982 AB - More than 50,000 workers in the United States are exposed to roofing asphalt fumes that may pose genotoxic and potential carcinogenic hazards. The Type III roofing asphalt is most frequently used in roof-application. Results of our previous studies showed that fume condensates of Type III roofing asphalts induced micronuclei (MN) in vitro in cultured V79 cells and DNA adduct formation in vivo in rat lung cells. In this study, the genotoxicity of whole fume condensates (WFC) of Type III roofing asphalt and its five chemical fractions (A, B, C, D and E) was determined by the micronucleus assay using V79 cells. Linear regressions were determined for the dose response of MN frequencies and percent of binucleated and multinucleated cells (MTC) following the treatment. Results showed that the numbers of micronucleated cells in cultures treated with Type III roofing asphalt WFC and its fractions B, C, D and E were significantly higher than that in the control culture, and that the slopes of the linear regression line for fractions B and C were greater than those for the WFC and fractions D and E. A clear dose response of binucleated cells was also induced by the WFC and fractions B and C. These findings indicate that: (1) WFC and all fractions, except fraction A, induced MN formation in cultured V79 cells; (2) fractions B and C possess the highest genotoxic activity; (3) the roofing asphalt WFC contains chemicals or chemical classes that induce not only chromosomal aberrations but also binucleation in V79 cells. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Qian, H W AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Olsen, L AU - Nath, J AU - Ong, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, Room 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/05/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 17 SP - 163 EP - 170 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 441 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - V79 cells KW - asphalt KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fumes KW - Micronuclei KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17234896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+micronuclei+in+V79+cells+by+fractions+of+roofing+asphalt+fume+condensate&rft.au=Qian%2C+H+W%3BWhong%2C+W-Z%3BOlsen%2C+L%3BNath%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-05-17&rft.volume=441&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Micronuclei; Fumes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute inflammatory reaction in rats after intratracheal instillation of material collected from a nylon flocking plant. AN - 69742167; 10321900 AB - Several cases of interstitial lung disease have been diagnosed among workers at a nylon flock plant, but the etiologic agent for the disease outbreak was unknown. The results of a medical survey and industrial hygiene study indicated that the dust present in the plant may be responsible. Thus, airborne dust collected at the plant was examined for its inflammatory potential in rat lungs. The endpoints measured were: (1) breathing rates, (2) differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, (3) alveolar macrophage (AM) chemiluminescence, (4) albumin concentration and matrix metalloprotease activities in the acellular fluid from the initial bronchoalveolar lavage, and (5) pulmonary histopathology. In the first study, rats received a single dose of the airborne dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) by intratracheal (IT) instillation. At 1 d post-IT, all inflammatory endpoints were significantly increased versus controls, but by 29 d post-IT they did not differ significantly from controls. Histopathology demonstrated mild to moderate, multifocal, suppurative pneumonia, usually centered around bronchioles, at 1 d post-IT. At 29 d post-IT, pulmonary inflammation was minimal to mild and characterized by alveolar histocytosis usually restricted to the immediate area of retained bire-fringent fibers. In subsequent experiments, airborne dust was extracted with water and the dust (washed airborne dust) and water extract (soluble fraction) were separated by centrifugation for further study. Nylon tow dust was prepared in the laboratory by milling uncut nylon strands (called tow) that had not been treated with the finish or dyes that are commonly used in the flock plants. Rats were administered a single dose of a dust sample (10 mg/kg body weight) or the soluble fraction (1.3 ml/kg body weight) by IT administration and the same endpoints were measured at 1 d post-IT. The dust samples caused significant increases in all of the inflammatory endpoints; however, the soluble fraction was much less active. Histological analysis of the lungs 1 d post-IT confirmed lung inflammation was occurring and tended to center around bronchioles. The results suggest that: (1) nylon flocking generates particles of respirable size that can interact with AM in the lung and can be detected in the lung 29 d after exposure, (2) the dust samples examined cause an inflammatory response, (3) water-extractable agent(s) from airborne dust contribute only minimally to the inflammatory response, and (4) the acute inflammatory response to these dusts is substantial when compared to other pathologic occupational dusts previously examined in our laboratory. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Porter, D W AU - Castranova, V AU - Robinson, V A AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Mercer, R R AU - Scabilloni, J AU - Goldsmith, T AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Battelli, L AU - Washko, R AU - Burkhart, J AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Whitmer, M AU - Jones, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 14 SP - 25 EP - 45 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Nylons KW - Serum Albumin KW - Metalloendopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Serum Albumin -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Metalloendopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Nylons -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Nylons -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Textile Industry KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69742167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Acute+inflammatory+reaction+in+rats+after+intratracheal+instillation+of+material+collected+from+a+nylon+flocking+plant.&rft.au=Porter%2C+D+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BMercer%2C+R+R%3BScabilloni%2C+J%3BGoldsmith%2C+T%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BWashko%2C+R%3BBurkhart%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental study of nylon flocking process. AN - 69742122; 10321899 AB - Environmental measurements for a variety of gas, particulate, and microbiological agents have been made in order to characterize exposures associated with the nylon flocking process. Of all agents measured, particulate is the predominant exposure. Levels of total particulate ranged from O.1 to 240 mg/m3 (x = 11.4 mg/m3). Average respirable particulate was 2.2 mg/m3, ranging from 0.5 to 39.9 mg/m3. Highest levels of particulates were found in the flocking room, and direct reading dust measurements indicate that the highest peak exposures are associated with "blowdown" (a cleaning procedure used between flocking runs). The nature of the airborne particles was investigated using polarized light and scanning electron microscopy. Air samples were found to contain flock particles (fibers nominally 10-15 microm in diameter by about 1000 microm in length) and a variety of respirable particles types, several of which were linked directly to the process. Of special interest were elongated respirable particles, which by microscopic analysis, complemented with melting-point determination, were found to be shreds of nylon. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Burkhart, J AU - Piacitelli, C AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Jones, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 14 SP - 1 EP - 23 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Gases KW - Nylons KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria KW - Filtration KW - Particle Size KW - Fungi KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Nylons -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Nylons -- analysis KW - Textile Industry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69742122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Environmental+study+of+nylon+flocking+process.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+J%3BPiacitelli%2C+C%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-14&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Analysis of children's health insurance patterns: findings from the SIPP AN - 59792284; 2000-0100170 AB - Based on data from the 1992 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), examines health insurance coverage of children, and the relationship between Medicaid eligibility and insurance coverage; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, May 12 1999. AU - Czajka, John L Y1 - 1999/05/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 12 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Medicaid program -- United States KW - Child health -- Insurance aspects KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Health insurance -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59792284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Czajka%2C+John+L&rft.aulast=Czajka&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-05-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+children%27s+health+insurance+patterns%3A+findings+from+the+SIPP&rft.title=Analysis+of+children%27s+health+insurance+patterns%3A+findings+from+the+SIPP&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/Sippchip/toc.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Safety of Newly Approved Medicines. Do Recent Market Removals Mean There Is a Problem? AN - 17286170; 4533186 AB - The removal of 5 pharmaceuticals from the market in a 12-month period because of unexpected adverse events raised concerns about the adequacy of the drug review process at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Specifically, concerns were raised about improvements in drug review efficiency that significantly reduced FDA review times. We have reviewed the circumstances of the 5 removals to determine whether there was any relationship to the increased efficiencies in the drug review process. When the removed drugs were analyzed by date of approval, no increase in the number of drugs taken off the market was seen, demonstrating that reduced review processing time was not the reason for the cluster of removals. We conclude that the agency's drug review procedures and postmarketing surveillance system after a drug has been marketed are currently adequate but must continually adjust to future challenges. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Friedman, MA AU - Woodcock, J AU - Lumpkin, M M AU - Shuren, JE AU - Hass, A E AU - Thompson, L J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln, HF-28, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1999/05/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 12 SP - 1728 EP - 1734 VL - 281 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - FDA KW - USA KW - USA, Food and Drug Administration KW - drug review KW - product recalls KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Government policy KW - Pharmaceutical industry KW - Drugs KW - Government policies KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Side effects KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17286170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+Safety+of+Newly+Approved+Medicines.+Do+Recent+Market+Removals+Mean+There+Is+a+Problem%3F&rft.au=Friedman%2C+MA%3BWoodcock%2C+J%3BLumpkin%2C+M+M%3BShuren%2C+JE%3BHass%2C+A+E%3BThompson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-05-12&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Drugs; Consumer products; Side effects; Pharmaceutical industry; Government policies; Government policy; Pharmaceuticals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer, heart disease, and diabetes in workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 69758271; 10328108 AB - In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a group 1 human carcinogen, based largely on four highly exposed industrial cohorts that showed an excess of all cancers combined. In this study, we extended the follow-up period for the largest of these cohorts by 6 years and developed a job-exposure matrix. We did cohort mortality analyses involving 5132 chemical workers at 12 U.S. plants by use of life table techniques (U.S. population referent) and Cox regression (internal referent). We conducted exposure-response analyses for 69% of the cohort with adequate work history data and adequate plant data on TCDD contamination. All P values are two-sided. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all cancers combined was 1.13 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.25). We found statistically significant positive linear trends in SMRs with increasing exposure for all cancers combined and for lung cancer. The SMR for all cancers combined for the highest exposure group was 1.60 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-1.82). SMRs for heart disease showed a weak increasing trend with higher exposure (P = .14). Diabetes (any mention on the death certificate) showed a negative exposure-response trend. Internal analyses with Cox regression found statistically significant trends for cancer (15-year lag time) and heart disease (no lag). Our analyses suggest that high TCDD exposure results in an excess of all cancers combined, without any marked specificity. However, excess cancer was limited to the highest exposed workers, with exposures that were likely to have been 100-1000 times higher than those experienced by the general population and similar to the TCDD levels used in animal studies. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Steenland, K AU - Piacitelli, L AU - Deddens, J AU - Fingerhut, M AU - Chang, L I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA. steenland@iarc.fr Y1 - 1999/05/05/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 05 SP - 779 EP - 786 VL - 91 IS - 9 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- mortality KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69758271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cancer%2C+heart+disease%2C+and+diabetes+in+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BPiacitelli%2C+L%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BFingerhut%2C+M%3BChang%2C+L+I&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-05&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 May 5;91(9):745-6 [10328098] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marijuana initiates and their impact on future drug abuse treatment need. AN - 69827308; 10372796 AB - This paper presents estimates of the number of people who will need treatment for illicit drug abuse problems for the years 2000 through 2020. The methodology employs logistic regression models, with treatment need as a dependent variable, using data from lifetime marijuana users included in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Age at first use of marijuana was found to be the most important predictor in these models. Other variables included in the models were age, gender, and race/ethnicity. By generating estimates under alternative assumptions about future rates of initiation, it was projected that if current rates of initiation continue, treatment need will increase by 57% by 2020, and that the need for treatment will remain high even if initiation rates decrease dramatically, because of the aging baby boom cohort. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Gfroerer, J C AU - Epstein, J F AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health, Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 03 SP - 229 EP - 237 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Regression Analysis KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Marijuana Abuse -- economics KW - Marijuana Abuse -- therapy KW - Marijuana Abuse -- epidemiology KW - Forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69827308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=Marijuana+initiates+and+their+impact+on+future+drug+abuse+treatment+need.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+J+C%3BEpstein%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-03&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.issn=03768716&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies on Magnetic Fields AN - 755138018; 13645969 JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Schwetz, Bernard AD - FDA (HF-32) Room 17-35, Parklawn Building 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 286 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755138018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Rodent+Carcinogenicity+Studies+on+Magnetic+Fields&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+Bernard&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339902700303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339902700303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The control of press cleaning solvent vapors in a small lithographic printing establishment. AN - 69963163; 10446485 AB - Small businesses frequently have inadequate in-house expertise to solve a variety of safety and health problems. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore conducted a demonstration project in the commercial lithographic printing industry, which consists largely of small companies, in an effort to establish suitable control technology for airborne solvent vapors released primarily during press cleaning operations. These solvent vapors have a number of potential adverse health effects, including narcosis, kidney and liver damage, and cancer. Also, airborne anti-offset powder is a potential allergic sensitizer and cause of occupational asthma. As a means of controlling worker exposures to the vapors and dust, a local exhaust inlet was attached to the side of the press adjacent to the paper delivery point. Tempered outside air was introduced through ceiling outlets installed to make up for the exhausted air. Measurements of press operator exposure and area concentrations of solvent vapors and area concentration of anti-offset powder were made before and after installation of the new ventilation controls. Vapor concentrations were reduced by 73 percent for the press operators. Area concentrations of the vapors were reduced by 86 percent and dust concentration by 67 percent. The ventilation system was found to be suitable for vapor and dust control, although substitution of a cleaning solution containing non-carcinogenic solvents for solutions containing carcinogens was recommended. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Crouch, K G AU - Gressel, M G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 329 EP - 338 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Printing KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69963163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+control+of+press+cleaning+solvent+vapors+in+a+small+lithographic+printing+establishment.&rft.au=Crouch%2C+K+G%3BGressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ergonomic evaluation of trail workers at Yosemite National Park. AN - 69963072; 10446478 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Habes, D AU - Schiefer, M AD - NIOSH, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 276 EP - 284 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Human Engineering KW - Humans KW - Mountaineering -- injuries KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Protective Clothing KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Forestry -- standards KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69963072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+ergonomic+evaluation+of+trail+workers+at+Yosemite+National+Park.&rft.au=Habes%2C+D%3BSchiefer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Habes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural hazard data from a population-based survey of cash grain farms: Ohio observations. AN - 69962283; 10446482 AB - In response to congressional concerns, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) initiated a multistate agricultural surveillance effort in 1990. The Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance (FFHHS) program involved separate population-based surveillance efforts by six state agencies or universities which gathered health and hazard data on farm operators and farm families. The results of the Ohio program are presented as an example of the data collection capabilities developed during the course of this project, which include the application of these data in documenting the prevalence of specific agricultural occupational hazards as well as the current attitudes of agricultural operators toward control and elimination of safety and health hazards. Specifically, three operationally defined areas of hazard audit (Structures, Landscape, and Mobile Equipment) are examined for the prevalence of such safety hazards as potential electrical shock, slippery or badly maintained walkways, inadequate chemical and fuel storage, and missing farm equipment moving-part guards. Questionnaire survey response examples are presented as an indication of farm operator attitudes toward safety and health training, on-site professional service access, and use of personal protective equipment. Current plans for data use and distribution, and the potential applications of the data as an occupational safety and health tool are also discussed. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Pedersen, D H AU - Wilkins, J R AU - Bean, T L AU - Mitchell, G L AU - Crawford, J M AU - Jones, L A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 299 EP - 305 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Edible Grain KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Ohio KW - Health Promotion KW - Protective Devices -- statistics & numerical data KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Equipment Safety -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69962283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Agricultural+hazard+data+from+a+population-based+survey+of+cash+grain+farms%3A+Ohio+observations.&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+D+H%3BWilkins%2C+J+R%3BBean%2C+T+L%3BMitchell%2C+G+L%3BCrawford%2C+J+M%3BJones%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operant test battery performance in children: correlation with IQ. AN - 69853838; 10386825 AB - The relationship between intelligence and money-(nickel-)reinforced operant behaviors were compared in 115 six year old children. The Operant Test Battery (OTB) consists of tasks thought to engender responses dependent upon specific brain functions that include motivation, color and position discrimination, learning, short-term memory, and time estimation. OTB endpoints were compared with Full Scale, Verbal and Performance IQ scores. Highly significant correlations were noted between several OTB measures (e.g., color and position discrimination accuracy) and IQ scores, but not in others (e.g., motivation task response rate). The results demonstrate the relevance of these measures as metrics of important brain functions. Additionally, since laboratory animals can readily perform these same tasks, these kinds of behaviors in laboratory animals should be useful in studying the effects of neuroactive/neurotoxic compounds on aspects of cognitive function in animals and in predicting adverse effects of such agents on related brain functions in humans. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Buffalo, E A AU - Blake, D J AU - Casey, P H AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. mpaule@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1999 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning KW - Memory, Short-Term KW - Reward KW - Motivation KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Humans KW - Color Perception KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Time Perception KW - Child KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Female KW - Intelligence KW - Learning KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69853838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Operant+test+battery+performance+in+children%3A+correlation+with+IQ.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BBuffalo%2C+E+A%3BBlake%2C+D+J%3BCasey%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: Part III--Validation. AN - 69849034; 10386357 AB - This article, the last in a series of three, describes the validation phase of a study conducted to test the correlation of respirator fit factors to the subject's actual exposure using biological sampling. The study consisted of three phases: protocol development, method comparison testing, and validation. Six quantitative fit-test methods were evaluated in the method comparison testing phase. The two fit methods with the highest correlation with the wearers' measured exposure were a corn oil method (R2 = 0.81) and an ambient aerosol method (R2 = 0.78). Because the ambient aerosol method is more commonly used in the workplace, it was selected for further analysis. In this validation phase, the fit factors measured during the ambient aerosol fit-test were used to calculate the exposures to Freon-113 by using the model determined in the method comparison testing phase of the study. The actual Freon-113 exposures were then measured and compared with the predicted exposures. The results verified that the ambient aerosol method fit factors are highly correlated to the total Freon-113 exposure dose and thus that the model had a predictive ability. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Coffey, C C AU - Campbell, D L AU - Myers, W R AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 363 EP - 366 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Materials Testing KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69849034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+six+respirator+fit-test+methods+with+an+actual+measurement+of+exposure+in+a+simulated+health+care+environment%3A+Part+III--Validation.&rft.au=Coffey%2C+C+C%3BCampbell%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant toxins. AN - 69826006; 10367396 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Betz, J M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69826006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Plant+toxins.&rft.au=Betz%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Betz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of flumequine in channel catfish by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 69825322; 10367379 AB - Rapid methods are described for determination of flumequine (FLU) residues in muscle and plasma of farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FLU residues were extracted from tissues with an acidified methanol solution, and extracts were cleaned up on C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges. FLU concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) using a C18 analytical column and fluorescence detection (excitation, 325 nm; emission, 360 nm). Mean recoveries of FLU from fortified muscle were 87-94% at 5 levels ranging from 10 to 160 ppb (5 replicates per level). FLU recoveries from fortified plasma were 92-97% at 5 levels ranging from 20 to 320 ppb. Limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio, 3:1) for the method as described were 3 and 6 ppb for muscle and plasma, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for recoveries were < or = 12%. Live catfish were dosed with 14C-labeled or unlabeled FLU to generate incurred residues. Recoveries of 14C residues throughout extraction and cleanup were 90 and 94% for muscle and plasma, respectively. RSDs for incurred FLU at 2 levels in muscle and plasma ranged from 2 to 6%. The identity of FLU in incurred tissues was confirmed by LC/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plakas, S M AU - el Said, K R AU - Bencsath, F A AU - Musser, S M AU - Walker, C C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 614 EP - 619 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolizines KW - flumequine KW - UVG8VSP2SJ KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Quality Control KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Quinolizines -- analysis KW - Ictaluridae KW - Quinolizines -- blood KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69825322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+flumequine+in+channel+catfish+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3Bel+Said%2C+K+R%3BBencsath%2C+F+A%3BMusser%2C+S+M%3BWalker%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The enigma of arsenic carcinogenesis: role of metabolism. AN - 69820945; 10367337 AB - Inorganic arsenic is considered a high-priority hazard, particularly because of its potential to be a human carcinogen. In exposed human populations, arsenic is associated with tumors of the lung, skin, bladder, and liver. While it is known to be a human carcinogen, carcinogenesis in laboratory animals by this metalloid has never been convincingly demonstrated. Therefore, no animal models exist for studying molecular mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis. The apparent human sensitivity, combined with our incomplete understanding about mechanisms of carcinogenic action, create important public health concerns and challenges in risk assessment, which could be met by understanding the role of metabolism in arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. This symposium summary covers three critical major areas involving arsenic metabolism: its biodiversity, the role of arsenic metabolism in molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and the impact of arsenic metabolism on human risk assessment. In mammals, arsenic is metabolized to mono- and dimethylated species by methyltransferase enzymes in reactions that require S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donating cofactor. A remarkable species diversity in arsenic methyltransferase activity may account for the wide variability in sensitivity of humans and animals to arsenic toxicity. Arsenic interferes with DNA methyltransferases, resulting in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes through DNA hypermethylation. Other studies suggest that arsenic-induced malignant transformation is linked to DNA hypomethylation subsequent to depletion of SAM, which results in aberrant gene activation, including oncogenes. Urinary profiles of arsenic metabolites may be a valuable tool for assessing human susceptibility to arsenic carcinogenesis. While controversial, the idea that unique arsenic metabolic properties may explain the apparent non-linear threshold response for arsenic carcinogenesis in humans. In order to address these outstanding issues, further efforts are required to identify an appropriate animal model to elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms of action, and to define dose-response relationships. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Goering, P L AU - Aposhian, H V AU - Mass, M J AU - Cebrián, M AU - Beck, B D AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Division of Life Sciences, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. plg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 5 EP - 14 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Methyltransferases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Oncogenes KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Arsenic -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Methyltransferases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69820945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+enigma+of+arsenic+carcinogenesis%3A+role+of+metabolism.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BAposhian%2C+H+V%3BMass%2C+M+J%3BCebri%C3%A1n%2C+M%3BBeck%2C+B+D%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive value of preclinical toxicology studies for platinum anticancer drugs. AN - 69788792; 10353752 AB - Rodent and nonrodent toxicology studies are currently expected to support Phase I trials of antineoplastic drugs in the United States. To determine the predictive value of these studies, we initiated a project to compare preclinical and clinical toxicity data within various drug classes. The first class analyzed was the platinum anticancer drugs. Twelve platinum analogues that had both preclinical (mice, rats and/or dogs) and clinical data from matching drug administration schedules were identified. The rodent LD10 (the dose that causes lethality in 10% of treated animals) or dog toxic dose high (a dose that when doubled causes lethality in dogs) correlated well with the human maximally tolerated dose on a mg/m2 basis. For every platinum analogue investigated, one-third the rodent LD10 or one-third the dog toxic dose high in mg/m2 gave a starting dose and a first escalation dose that did not exceed the clinical maximally tolerated dose. The dose-limiting toxicities in patients were previously observed in 7 of 7, 7 of 8, and 9 of 11 mouse, rat, and dog studies, respectively. Our data indicate that mice, rats, and dogs all had value in predicting a safe starting dose and the qualitative toxicities in humans for platinum anticancer compounds. The efficiency of Phase 1 trials could have been improved without sacrificing patient safety by allowing higher starting doses for this drug class than conventionally permitted. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Clark, D L AU - Andrews, P A AU - Smith, D D AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Justice, R L AU - Beitz, J G AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1161 EP - 1167 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Organoplatinum Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Animals KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic KW - Dogs KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69788792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Predictive+value+of+preclinical+toxicology+studies+for+platinum+anticancer+drugs.&rft.au=Clark%2C+D+L%3BAndrews%2C+P+A%3BSmith%2C+D+D%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BJustice%2C+R+L%3BBeitz%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of tetracycline antibiotics in raw milk under laboratory storage conditions. AN - 69781873; 10340680 AB - Raw milk samples collected from bulk milk tankers may be screened for the presence of tetracycline antibiotics using rapid screening tests. If tetracycline residues are detected, the milk may be shipped to a laboratory for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Because the milk may be shipped on ice blocks, it is important to know whether tetracycline residues are stable at that temperature and for how long. Control raw milk samples fortified with 50 ppb each chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, methacycline hydrochloride, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline were incubated at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C, then analyzed using a metal chelate affinity chromatography extraction and HPLC. No loss of tetracycline was observed after 48 h of storage at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 25 degrees C. Losses ranging from 4 to 13% and 0 to 18% were noted after 72 h at 4 degrees C and 48 h at 25 degrees C, respectively. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Podhorniak, L V AU - Leake, S AU - Schenck, F J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 547 EP - 548 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Tetracyclines KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Stability KW - Animals KW - Reference Standards KW - Temperature KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69781873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Stability+of+tetracycline+antibiotics+in+raw+milk+under+laboratory+storage+conditions.&rft.au=Podhorniak%2C+L+V%3BLeake%2C+S%3BSchenck%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Podhorniak&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid screening for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in milk using C18 and graphitized carbon black solid phase extraction cleanup. AN - 69727069; 10227188 AB - A rapid, multiresidue, solid phase extraction (SPE) technique for the isolation and gas chromatographic determination of organochlorine and moderately polar organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk is described. Milk is sonicated with an acetonitrile-acetone-methanol mixture and centrifuged. The supernatant is subjected to a cleanup using both C18 and graphitized carbon black SPE columns. The pesticide residues are determined by gas chromatography with electron capture and flame photometric detection. The method required minimal volumes of solvent and resulted in the production of minimal volumes of hazardous waste. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Schenck, F J AU - Casanova, J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 349 EP - 362 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - octadecylsilica KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Food Contamination KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69727069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Rapid+screening+for+organochlorine+and+organophosphorus+pesticides+in+milk+using+C18+and+graphitized+carbon+black+solid+phase+extraction+cleanup.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BCasanova%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B1 induces apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes through sphinganine accumulation and ceramide depletion. AN - 69685763; 10200332 AB - Fumonisin B1 stimulates apoptosis in a variety of cell types and tissues. We examined the role of sphingolipid changes in fumonisin B1-stimulated apoptosis. Sphinganine accumulated rapidly, sphingosine levels remained unchanged, and ceramides decreased during fumonisin B1 exposure. Increased DNA fragmentation, decreased viability, and apoptotic morphology were observed in cells exposed to fumonisin B1, sphinganine, or N-acetylsphingosine. Co-exposure to N-acetylsphingosine or beta-chloroalanine, which blocks sphinganine accumulation, partially protected cells from fumonisin B1-induced apoptosis. These results illustrate three sphingolipid-dependent mechanisms for inducing apoptosis: accumulation of excess ceramide, accumulation of excess sphinganine, and depletion of ceramide or complex sphingolipids derived from ceramide. JF - International journal of oncology AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Couch, L H AU - Melchior, W B AU - Jenkins, G R AU - Muskhelishvili, M AU - Muskhelishvili, L AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Domon, O AU - Morris, S M AU - Howard, P C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 833 EP - 843 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 1019-6439, 1019-6439 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Ceramides KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fumonisins KW - N-acetylsphingosine KW - Sphingolipids KW - Teratogens KW - beta-Alanine KW - 11P2JDE17B KW - 3-chloroalanine KW - 3981-36-0 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Sphingolipids -- pharmacology KW - beta-Alanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - beta-Alanine -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Apoptosis KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Keratinocytes -- cytology KW - Ceramides -- metabolism KW - Teratogens -- pharmacology KW - Sphingosine -- pharmacology KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69685763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+oncology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B1+induces+apoptosis+in+cultured+human+keratinocytes+through+sphinganine+accumulation+and+ceramide+depletion.&rft.au=Tolleson%2C+W+H%3BCouch%2C+L+H%3BMelchior%2C+W+B%3BJenkins%2C+G+R%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+M%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BDomon%2C+O%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Tolleson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+oncology&rft.issn=10196439&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - tert-butyl hydroperoxide/hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress and damage to vascular smooth muscle cells: different effects of nitric oxide and nitrosothiols. AN - 69476609; 10796069 AB - The goal of the present work was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) released from different donors (NONOates and nitrosothiols) can act as a protective antioxidant against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by extracellular hemoglobin/tert-butyl hydroperoxide (Hb/tert-BuOOH) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). No changes in phospholipid composition were found in VSMCs incubated with oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb)/tert-BuOOH. Using our newly developed HPLC-fluorescence technique for measurement of site-specific oxidative stress in membrane phospholipids, we produced VSMCs in which endogenous phospholipids were metabolically labeled with an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid. In these cells, we were able to reliably quantitate oxidative stress in major phospholipid classes-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol-induced by tert-BuOOH in the presence of oxyHb or methemoglobin (metHb). The oxidative stress was accompanied by cytotoxic effects of oxyHb/tert-BuOOH and metHb/tert-BuOOH on VSMCs. We further found that an NO donor, (Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen 1-ium-1,2-diolate (PAPANONO), but not nitrosothiols, protected VSMCs against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by Hb/tert-BuOOH. The protective effect of PAPANONO was most likely due to its ability to form NO-heme Hb (detectable by low temperature EPR spectroscopy and visible spectrophotometry). These findings are important for further understanding the physiological antioxidant role of NO against oxidative stress induced by hemoproteins as well as for pathological hypertensive events induced by extracellular Hb via NO depletion. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Tyurina, Y Y AU - Gorbunov, N V AU - Tyurin, V A AU - Castranova, V AU - Kommineni, C AU - Ojimba, J AU - Gandley, R AU - McLaughlin, M K AU - Kagan, V E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 989 EP - 1001 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - 1-(N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate KW - 0 KW - Azetidines KW - Hemoglobins KW - Nitric Oxide Donors KW - Oxyhemoglobins KW - Phospholipids KW - Protective Agents KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - tert-Butylhydroperoxide KW - 955VYL842B KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide Donors -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Azetidines -- pharmacology KW - Protective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Oxyhemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- physiology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- drug effects KW - tert-Butylhydroperoxide -- pharmacology KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69476609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=tert-butyl+hydroperoxide%2Fhemoglobin-induced+oxidative+stress+and+damage+to+vascular+smooth+muscle+cells%3A+different+effects+of+nitric+oxide+and+nitrosothiols.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BTyurina%2C+Y+Y%3BGorbunov%2C+N+V%3BTyurin%2C+V+A%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BOjimba%2C+J%3BGandley%2C+R%3BMcLaughlin%2C+M+K%3BKagan%2C+V+E&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 1941 sulfathiazole disaster and the birth of good manufacturing practices. AN - 69461823; 10754705 AB - The beginning of modern standards for good manufacturing practices can be traced to an incident that began in December 1940, when the Winthrop Chemical Company of New York put on the market sulfathiazole tablets contaminated with phenobarbital. Hundreds of deaths and injuries resulted. FDA's investigation into Winthrop's sulfathiazole production and the agency's efforts to retrieve the Winthrop drug remaining on the market revealed numerous control deficiencies in the plant and serious irregularities in the firm's attempt to recall the tainted tablets. The incident prompted FDA to require detailed controls in sulfathiazole production at Winthrop and throughout the industry, an approach that became the basis for production control standards for all pharmaceuticals. JF - PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology AU - Swann, J P AD - History Office, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 1079-7440, 1079-7440 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Sulfathiazoles KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - History, 20th Century KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- poisoning KW - Phenobarbital -- poisoning KW - Drug Compounding -- standards KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- poisoning KW - Drug Industry -- history KW - Sulfathiazoles -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69461823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PDA+journal+of+pharmaceutical+science+and+technology&rft.atitle=The+1941+sulfathiazole+disaster+and+the+birth+of+good+manufacturing+practices.&rft.au=Swann%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Swann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PDA+journal+of+pharmaceutical+science+and+technology&rft.issn=10797440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2000-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and its derivatives in canned foods. AN - 69277080; 10552479 AB - Migration of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to food from can enamels and can pull-top seals is reported. Derivatives of DGEBA are also determined in some foods. Levels of DGEBA in the foods surveyed in this study range from nondetected (<0.3 ppb) to 50 mg/kg as determined by liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction coupled with high-pressure liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. Confirmation of the analytes is by gas and/or liquid chromatography with mass spectral analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with 30 degrees specular reflectance/transmittance is used to characterize the coated food contact surfaces. Stability studies with DGEBA in water, acid, and saline solutions show conversion to the hydrolysis products and chloro adducts occurs readily. The presence of DGEBA derivatives in food demonstrates that analysis for DGEBA migration alone is not a good indicator of total migration from can coatings to foods. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Biles, J E AU - White, K D AU - McNeal, T P AU - Begley, T H AD - Office of Premarket Approval, Office of Scientific Analysis and Support, HFS-717, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1965 EP - 1969 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane KW - F3XRM1NX4H KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Epoxy Compounds -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69277080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+diglycidyl+ether+of+bisphenol+A+and+its+derivatives+in+canned+foods.&rft.au=Biles%2C+J+E%3BWhite%2C+K+D%3BMcNeal%2C+T+P%3BBegley%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Biles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2000-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Proceedings of the 1998 Migrant Farmworker Stream Forums: Annual Midwest Farmworker Stream Forum (8th, San Antonio, Texas, November 5-8, 1998); Annual East Coast Migrant Stream Forum (11th, Springfield, Massachusetts, November 13-15, 1998); Annual Western Migrant Stream Forum (8th, Sacramento, California, January 29-31, 1999). AN - 62393705; ED433165 AB - Researchers, advocates, and clinicians met at the three 1998 migrant stream forums to develop strategies for farmworker health research. The introductory section of this proceedings discusses this year's focus--building research partnerships to improve migrant health--and describes planning and implementation of the forums' research track. Sessions offered mini-lectures on specific types of research and training to participants unfamiliar with research methods. Research needs/gaps, potential collaborators, and venues for research dissemination were identified during topical working groups on migrant children, health access, occupational health, environmental health, and mental health. Working group reports addressed specific needs of migrant farmworkers, the probability that research could make a difference, the interest in identifying additional collaborators, and the inherent problem in doing this type of research. Barriers to research for farmworkers include their status as a hidden population, farmworker mistrust, professional interdisciplinary differences, and limited existing literature. Recommended research strategies and suggested research topics are listed. All three forums were successful in including new participants in the academic community, increasing interest in farmworker research among health care providers, organizing a listserv for researchers and providers, beginning work on research standards, and including college students in the research tracks. Reports on each forum include an overview, a list of planning committee members, and session abstracts. Participant lists comprise about half of this document. (SV) Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 102 PB - National Center for Farmworker Health, Inc., P.O. Box 150009, Austin, TX 78715; Tel: 512-312-2700 (#5694, free). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Interprofessional Relationship KW - Migrant Workers KW - Information Dissemination KW - Health Promotion KW - Migrant Problems KW - Health Needs KW - Public Health KW - Research Needs KW - Researchers KW - Networks KW - Research Problems KW - Medical Research KW - Migrant Health Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62393705?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is There Competition between Breast-Feeding and Maternal Employment? AN - 60080442; 9914527 AB - Theory suggests that the decision to return to employment after childbirth & the decision to breast-feed may be jointly determined. Here, models of simultaneous equations are estimated for two different aspects of the relationship between maternal employment & breast-feeding using 1993/94 data from the US Food & Drug Administration's Infant Feeding Practices Study (N = 1,550 mothers). Results show that the duration of leave from work significantly affects the duration of breast-feeding, but the effect of breast-feeding on work leave is insignificant. Also estimated are models of the daily hours of work & breast-feedings at infant ages 3 months & 6 months postpartum. At both times, the intensity of work effort significantly affects the intensity of breast-feeding, but the reverse is generally not found. Competition clearly exists between work & breast-feeding for many women. 5 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Demography AU - Roe, Brian AU - Whittington, Leslie A AU - Fein, Sara Beck AU - Teisl, Mario F AD - c/o Fein -- Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Food & Drug Administration, HFS-727, 200 C St, SW, Washington, DC 20204 Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 157 EP - 171 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0070-3370, 0070-3370 KW - Family Work Relationship KW - Breast Feeding KW - Working Mothers KW - article KW - 0621: complex organization; jobs, work organization, workplaces, & unions KW - 1977: the family and socialization; birth control (abortion, contraception, fertility, & childbearing) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60080442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demography&rft.atitle=Is+There+Competition+between+Breast-Feeding+and+Maternal+Employment%3F&rft.au=Roe%2C+Brian%3BWhittington%2C+Leslie+A%3BFein%2C+Sara+Beck%3BTeisl%2C+Mario+F&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Demography&rft.issn=00703370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast Feeding; Working Mothers; Family Work Relationship ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Decision-Tree Strategy for Combining Diagnostic Tests for Prediction AN - 21099021; 11132004 AB - In the context of medical screening, various diagnostic tests have been developed for determining whether a disease is present in an individual. Similarly, in the context of toxicological screening, a variety of short-term assays have been developed to predict whether a chemical would be carcinogenic if tested in a long-term bioassay. In both contexts, it is a challenge to combine the results of several predictive tests in a way that improves on the predictivity of the individual tests. Increases in positive predictivity can be accompanied by decreases in negative predictivity, and vice versa. This article presents a decision-tree classification model for combining results from several independent short-term or diagnostic tests to quantify the likelihood of a true positive result (patient has disease, or chemical is carcinogenic). The decision-tree strategy determines the most advantageous sequence for conducting the predictive tests. The classification model is based on statistical confidence limits on the predictive probability of disease (carcinogenicity) rather than on the central estimate of the predictive probability. This model is applied to the assessment of the abilities of four short-term tests in the prediction of chemical carcinogenicity under the assumption of independence among the four tests, and is used to demonstrate a testing strategy for the application of three pancreatic cancer diagnostic tests. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Chen, James J AU - Kodell, Ralph L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA, jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 235 EP - 250 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Classification KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Pancreatic cancer KW - Statistical analysis KW - Models KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21099021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Decision-Tree+Strategy+for+Combining+Diagnostic+Tests+for+Prediction&rft.au=Chen%2C+James+J%3BKodell%2C+Ralph+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-4036%28199905%2941%3A23.0.CO%3B2-U LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Models; Classification; Carcinogenicity; Statistical analysis; Statistics; Pancreatic cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199905)41:2<235::AID-BIMJ235>3.0.CO;2-U ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying Work-related Fatalities in the Agricultural Production Sector Using Two National Occupational Fatality Surveillance Systems, 1990-1995 AN - 17455997; 4670455 AB - Workers in the agriculture industry have consistently been identified as being at high risk for death and injury. Production agriculture, the segment of the agriculture industry that represents farming, has been shown to have higher rates of fatalities than the agriculture industry as a whole. The purpose of the manuscript was to provide a descriptive analysis of agricultural production fatalities for the years 1990 through 1995. Two national occupational fatality data sources were used to calculate agricultural production fatality rates: the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). Employment estimates for calculating fatality rates came from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The majority of agricultural production worker decedents were white male farmers. The leading sources of injury were farm tractors, followed by trucks and harvesting equipment. Older agricultural workers (65+ years of age) were at high risk for death, with the most likely fatal event being the overturning of a tractor in a non-highway environment. Black workers in the agricultural production industry, and the occupation of black farmers in particular, were identified as having high fatal injury rates by race. Young Hispanic workers also exhibited a high fatality rate. Farm tractors were a leading source of injury resulting in death for males and females; however, there were gender differences in other types of fatalities. Females, while accounting for a small percentage of the total fatalities in agriculture production, had a higher proportion of deaths due to animals than did males, and also had a higher proportion of deaths due to being caught in running equipment than males. The two national occupational fatality surveillance systems, while showing differences in overall numbers, generally identified similar patterns of death for agricultural production workers. Finally, no clear downward trend for agricultural production fatalities was found, which is contrary to trends seen in the general worker population over the same time period. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Hard, D L AU - Myers, J R AU - Snyder, KA AU - Casini, V J AU - Morton, L L AU - Cianfrocco, R AU - Fields, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd. MS/P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dlh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 155 EP - 169 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - elderly KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Accidents KW - Mortality KW - Gender KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Identifying+Work-related+Fatalities+in+the+Agricultural+Production+Sector+Using+Two+National+Occupational+Fatality+Surveillance+Systems%2C+1990-1995&rft.au=Hard%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BSnyder%2C+KA%3BCasini%2C+V+J%3BMorton%2C+L+L%3BCianfrocco%2C+R%3BFields%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gender; Age; Injuries; Accidents; Agriculture; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unusual distributions of body fat in AIDS patients: A review of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration AN - 17435222; 4649073 AB - This report summarizes postmarketing adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that describe unusual or abnormal fat distribution in association with anti-retroviral therapies. Reports associated will protease inhibitors were compared to those associated with non-protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapies. The Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) and Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) of the FDA MEDWATCH post-marketing surveillance system served as the database. Four protease inhibitors (saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and ritonavir) and seven nonprotease inhibitors (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, and delavirdine) were searched for reports relating to: weight increase, unusual fat deposition, Cushing's syndrome, or Cushingoid appearance. Each drug was searched for its "life" from time of initial approval through a uniform database cutoff of March 18, 1998. A total of 62 cases of abnormal fat accumulation were reported in association with one or several of the four approved protease inhibitors compared to three cases reported in association with the seven non-protease inhibitor based therapies. Case descriptions varied, and included abdominal fat accumulation, breast enlargement, thick necks, buffalo humps, multiple lipomatous growths, Cushingoid features, centralized fat redistribution, and mesenteric, omental, and retroperitoneal fat accumulation. Some subjects switched or stopped their antiretroviral therapy, others underwent surgery to remove the fat, and many considered their symptoms disabling. The pathophysiologic mechanism for these events remains unclear and a causal link to a specific drug or drug class is uncertain. Patients and clinicians reporting to the MEDWATCH system, however, have clearly associated the development of abnormal body fat with protease inhibitors as opposed to other antiretroviral therapies. JF - AIDS Patient Care and STDs AU - Mann, M AU - Piazza-Hepp, T AU - Koller, E AU - Struble, K AU - Murray, J AD - 13712 Springdale, Dr. Clarksville, MD 21029, USA, mannm@eder.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 287 EP - 295 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1087-2914, 1087-2914 KW - man KW - HIV KW - antiviral agents KW - body fat KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Reviews KW - Body fat KW - Drugs KW - Side effects KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17435222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Patient+Care+and+STDs&rft.atitle=Unusual+distributions+of+body+fat+in+AIDS+patients%3A+A+review+of+adverse+events+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Mann%2C+M%3BPiazza-Hepp%2C+T%3BKoller%2C+E%3BStruble%2C+K%3BMurray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Patient+Care+and+STDs&rft.issn=10872914&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human immunodeficiency virus; Drugs; Side effects; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Body fat; Antiviral agents; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohort mortality study of 57 000 painters and other union members: a 15 year update AN - 17407073; 4634750 AB - To study mortality patterns in the largest existing cohort of painters, 15 years of follow up were added to a study of 42 170 painters and 14 316 non-painters based on union records. There were 23 458 deaths, compared with 5313 in the earlier follow up. Comparisons with the United States population showed significantly increased rates in painters for lung cancer (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.17 to 1.29), bladder cancer (SMR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43), liver cancer (SMR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50), and stomach cancer (SMR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.59). However, in direct comparisons with non-painters only the excesses for lung cancer (SRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.35, increasing to 1.32, 95% CI 16 to 1.93 with 20 years latency) and bladder cancer (SRR 1.77, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.77) were confirmed. Some confounding by smoking may affect these two outcomes, particularly with external referents. Cirrhosis of the liver was increased for both painters and nonpainters (SMRs 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.35, and 1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51, respectively), possibly indicating high alcohol consumption. Suicide (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.38) and homicide (SMR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.75) were increased for painters but not for non-painters; neuropsychiatric diseases have been associated with painters in earlier studies. The results suggest modest occupational risks for lung and bladder cancer; these results are consistent with existing publications. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified painting as an occupation definitely associated with cancer. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Palu, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45208, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 315 EP - 321 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - painters KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Urinary bladder KW - Cancer KW - Lung KW - Liver KW - Occupational exposure KW - Paints KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cohort+mortality+study+of+57+000+painters+and+other+union+members%3A+a+15+year+update&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BPalu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Cancer; Occupational exposure; Paints; Liver; Lung; Urinary bladder ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Exposure to Methyl Methacrylate Among Dental Laboratory Technicians AN - 17379401; 4610211 AB - Following the diagnosis of two cases of occupational asthma among dental technicians, an industrial hygiene survey was conducted in two dental laboratories to determine time-weighted average and peak concentrations of methyl methacrylate vapor and time-weighted average concentration of acrylic dust. The time-weighted average concentrations of methyl methacrylate vapor were 0.7 ppm and 1.6 ppm and average peak concentrations were 9.3 ppm and 9.7 ppm for the first and second laboratory, respectively. The use of a local exhaust ventilation system was significant in reducing the peak concentration of methyl methacrylate vapor in the breathing zone of dental technicians. However, the local exhaust ventilation was not efficient in reducing the concentration of airborne acrylic dusts. Occupational exposure of dental technicians to dental materials, in particular to methyl methacrylate, requires further investigation. Local exhaust ventilation systems can reduce the concentration of methyl methacrylate in the dental laboratories to a significant extent if installed and used properly. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Nayebzadeh, A AU - Dufresne, A AD - McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, 3450 University, F.D.A. Bldg. Suite 30, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A 7 Canada, atanay@epid.lan.mcgill.ca Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 625 EP - 628 PB - American Industrial Hygiene Association VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - man KW - dentistry KW - methyl methacrylate KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Asthma KW - Dentistry KW - Medical personnel KW - Air pollution KW - Vapors KW - Airborne particulates KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Exposure+to+Methyl+Methacrylate+Among+Dental+Laboratory+Technicians&rft.au=Nayebzadeh%2C+A%3BDufresne%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nayebzadeh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F0002-8894%281999%290602.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Asthma; Medical personnel; Vapors; Dentistry; Air pollution; Airborne particulates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0625:EOETMM>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulated Workplace Performance of N95 Respirators AN - 17378279; 4610210 AB - During July 1995 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began to certify nine new classes of particulate respirators. To determine the level of performance of these respirators, NIOSH researchers conducted a study to (1) measure the simulated workplace performance of 21 N95 respirator models, (2) determine whether fit-testing affected the performance, and (3) investigate the effect of varying fit-test pass/fail criteria on respirator performance. The performance of each respirator model was measured by conducting 100 total penetration tests. The performance of each respirator model was then estimated by determining the 95th percentile of the total penetration through the respirator (i.e., 95% of wearers of that respirator can expect to have a total penetration value below the 95th percentile penetration value). The 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator without fit-testing ranged from 6 to 88%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was 33%, which exceeds the amount of total penetration (10%) normally expected of a half-mask respirator. When a surrogate fit test (1% criterion) was applied to the data, the 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator decreased to 1 to 16%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was only 4%. Therefore, fit-testing of N95 respirators is necessary to ensure that the user receives the expected level of protection. The study also found that respirator performance was dependent on the value of the pass/fail criterion used in the surrogate fit-test. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Coffey, C C AU - Campbell, D L AU - Zhuang, Ziqiang AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 618 EP - 624 PB - American Industrial Hygiene Association VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - certification KW - safety regulations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Government regulations KW - Occupational safety KW - Respirators KW - Protective equipment KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Simulated+Workplace+Performance+of+N95+Respirators&rft.au=Coffey%2C+C+C%3BCampbell%2C+D+L%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqiang&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F0002-8894%281999%290602.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Protective equipment; Respirators; Government regulations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0618:SWPONR>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of intact apples after immersion in an aqueous environment containing Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 17368976; 4587577 AB - The extent and location of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination after intact apples were immersed in cold (2 degree C) 1% peptone water containing approximately 3 X 10 super(7) CFU/ml was assessed using four apple varieties, Golden Delicious, McIntosh, Red Delicious, and Braeburn. Room temperature and refrigerated apples were used to determine the effect of temperature differential on E. coli infiltration. The highest levels of E. coli were associated with the outer core region of the apple, followed by the skin. Apples were subsequently treated by immersing them for 1 min in 2,000 mg/liter sodium hypochlorite, followed by a 1-min tapwater rinse. This treatment reduced pathogen levels by 1- to 3-log cycles but did not eliminate the microorganism, particularly from the outer core region. While E. coli was not detected in the inner core of most apples, warm fruit immersed in cold peptone water occasionally internalized the pathogen. The frequency and extent of internalization of the pathogen was less when cold apples were immersed in cold peptone water. Subsequent dye uptake studies with Golden Delicious apples indicated that approximately 6% of warm apples immersed into a cold dye solution accumulated dye via open channels leading from the blossom end into the core region. However, dye uptake did not occur when the dye solution was warmer than the apple. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson, S G AU - Miller, R L AU - Sapers, G M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C-Street SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA, rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 444 EP - 450 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - apples KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Fruits KW - Contamination KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Malus domestica KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17368976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+intact+apples+after+immersion+in+an+aqueous+environment+containing+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson%2C+S+G%3BMiller%2C+R+L%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malus domestica; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Fruits; Temperature effects; Contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of digoxigenin-labeled PCR amplicon probes for use in the detection and identification of enteropathogenic Yersinia and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from foods AN - 17315087; 4587576 AB - By including digoxigenin-11-dUTP in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification products were produced that contained nonisotopic markers for use as DNA hybridization probes. Because these labeled amplicons encode pathogenic traits for specific foodborne bacteria, they can be used to detect the presence of potentially virulent organisms that may be present in foods. This technology allows the synthesis of a variety of shelf-stable probe reagents for detecting a number of foodborne microbes of public health concern. We used this technology to detect four genes in two potential pathogens: virF and yadA in enteropathogenic Yersinia and stx sub(1) and stx sub(2) in Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Results of DNA hybridizations of dot blots of 68 Yersinia strains and 24 of 25 E. coli strains were consistent with results of equivalent PCR analyses. DNA colony hybridization with nonisotopic virF probes of colonies arising on spread plates from artificially contaminated food homogenates was able to detect potentially pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. When compared with oligonucleotide probes, amplicon probes are much less sensitive to changes in hybridization and wash temperatures, allowing greater reproducibility. Labeled probe preparations were reused more than five times and have been stored at -20 degree C for more than 8 months. This method conveniently generates probes that are safe, stable, inexpensive, reusable, and reliable. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Weagant, S D AU - Jagow, JA AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Omiecinski, C J AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Hill, W E AD - Seattle District Laboratory and Seafood Products Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive Southeast, P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, Washington 98041, USA, sweagant@caora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 438 EP - 443 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Shiga toxin KW - detection KW - identification KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioassays KW - Food KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Yersinia KW - Toxins KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Development+of+digoxigenin-labeled+PCR+amplicon+probes+for+use+in+the+detection+and+identification+of+enteropathogenic+Yersinia+and+Shiga+toxin-producing+Escherichia+coli+from+foods&rft.au=Weagant%2C+S+D%3BJagow%2C+JA%3BJinneman%2C+K+C%3BOmiecinski%2C+C+J%3BKaysner%2C+CA%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Weagant&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Yersinia; Bioassays; Toxins; Polymerase chain reaction; Food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated one-step supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up system for the analysis of pesticide residues in fatty matrices. AN - 69775025; 10335613 AB - An automated supercritical fluid extraction and in-line clean-up system has been developed for organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues contained in fats. This procedure utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 3% acetonitrile at 27.58 MPa and 60 degrees C to extract and separate the pesticide residues from the fat on a C1 bonded phase preparative column at 95 degrees C. The automated C1 system recovers 86 of 117 nonpolar to moderately polar organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides from fats. Ten of the 31 pesticides not recovered through the system are not recovered through the conventional clean-up sorbent, Florisil. Pesticide residues can be separated from 0.68 g of butter fat and 0.67 g corn oil, resulting in 2.9 mg of butterfat and 2.1 mg corn oil residue co-eluting into the pesticide fraction. Also, this integrated method can extract and clean-up a 5 g sample of fatty foods containing < 18% fat and 70% moisture. The automated C1 system is reproducible and the amount of co-extracted sample residue in the pesticide fraction yields results comparable to the current methodology, which uses organic solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography, along with a final Florisil column clean-up step. This automated C1 system simplifies the extraction and clean-up step while reducing solvent usage and hazardous waste. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Hopper, M L AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet and Pesticide Research Center, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. Marvin Hopper@kan.tdrc@fdaoraswr Y1 - 1999/04/23/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 23 SP - 93 EP - 105 VL - 840 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Dietary Fats, Unsaturated KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Insecticides KW - Magnesium Silicates KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Florisil KW - 1343-88-0 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Butter KW - 8029-34-3 KW - 2-Propanol KW - ND2M416302 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dietary Fats, Unsaturated -- analysis KW - Butter -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Dietary Fats -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- instrumentation KW - Autoanalysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69775025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Automated+one-step+supercritical+fluid+extraction+and+clean-up+system+for+the+analysis+of+pesticide+residues+in+fatty+matrices.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-23&rft.volume=840&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asbestos induces activator protein-1 transactivation in transgenic mice. AN - 69703648; 10213496 AB - Activation of activator protein (AP-1) by crocidolite asbestos was examined in vitro in a JB6 P+ cell line stably transfected with AP-1-luciferase reporter plasmid and in vivo using AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. In in vitro studies, crocidolite asbestos caused a dose- and time-dependent induction of AP-1 activation in cultured JB6 cells. The elevated AP-1 activity persisted for at least 48 h. Crocidolite asbestos also induced AP-1 transactivation in the pulmonary and bronchial tissues of transgenic mice. AP-1 activation was observed at 2 days after intratracheal instillation of the mice with asbestos. At 3 days postexposure, AP-1 activation was elevated 10-fold in the lung tissue and 22-fold in bronchiolar tissue as compared with their controls. The induction of AP-1 activity by asbestos appeared to be mediated through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase family members, including extracellular signal-regulating protein kinase, Erk1 and Erk2. Aspirin inhibited asbestos-induced AP-1 activity in JB6 cells. Pretreatment of the mice with aspirin also inhibited asbestos-induced AP-1 activation in bronchiolar tissue. The data suggest that further investigation of the role of AP-1 activation in asbestos-induced cell proliferation and carcinogenesis is warranted. In addition, investigation of the potential therapeutic benefits of aspirin in the prevention/amelioration of asbestos-induced cancer is justified. JF - Cancer research AU - Ding, M AU - Dong, Z AU - Chen, F AU - Pack, D AU - Ma, W Y AU - Ye, J AU - Shi, X AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 1884 EP - 1889 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Asbestos, Crocidolite KW - 12001-28-4 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.17 KW - JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Transcriptional Activation -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Asbestos, Crocidolite -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Time Factors KW - Aspirin -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Asbestos -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69703648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Asbestos+induces+activator+protein-1+transactivation+in+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BDong%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+F%3BPack%2C+D%3BMa%2C+W+Y%3BYe%2C+J%3BShi%2C+X%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and purification of a catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1 AN - 17201770; 4485533 AB - A catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1, a strain capable of growth on pyrene, was purified to homogeneity by anion exchange and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The enzyme, like the M. tuberculosis T-catalase, reduced nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of isoniazid (INH) and H sub(2)O sub(2). It also oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and other substrates of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis in the presence of either tert-butyl hydroperoxide or H sub(2)O sub(2). It had a UV /visible absorption spectrum (Soret peak at 406 nm) similar to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis (Soret peak at 408 nm) and identical to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. smegmatis. After electrophoresis on non-denaturing gels the enzyme showed one single protein band with both catalase and peroxidase activity, which were lost after electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was inhibited by sodium azide, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, and isoniazid, but not by isonicotinic acid. The optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and at 25 degree C. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Rafii, F AU - Lunsford, P AU - Hehman, G AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1999/04/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 15 SP - 285 EP - 290 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 173 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - 2-mercaptoethanol KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sodium azide KW - Glutathione KW - Mycobacterium KW - Peroxidase KW - Pyrene KW - Catalase KW - Isoniazid KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17201770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Detection+and+purification+of+a+catalase-peroxidase+from+Mycobacterium+sp.+Pyr-1&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BLunsford%2C+P%3BHehman%2C+G%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Peroxidase; Sodium azide; Catalase; Pyrene; Isoniazid; Glutathione ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercuric chloride-induced apoptosis is dependent on protein synthesis. AN - 69793786; 10355539 AB - Apoptosis is a mode of cell death with morphologic and biochemical features that distinguish it from necrosis. Recent studies demonstrating that mercury compounds initiate apoptosis in cultured cells did not elucidate if the biochemical mechanism of apoptosis involved a dependence on macromolecular synthesis post-insult, i.e. programmed cell death. The objectives of this in vitro study were (1) to determine if HgCl2 cytotoxicity includes an apoptotic component, and (2) to determine if apoptosis is dependent on protein synthesis, i.e. proceeds by an inducible mechanism. Suspensions of mouse lymphoma (L5178Y-R) cells were exposed to 0, 1, 5, or 10 microM HgCl2 and apoptosis was evaluated utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods. At 24 h after exposure, transmission electron microscopy revealed a concentration-related increase in morphologic changes typical of apoptosis: margination of condensed chromatin to the nuclear membrane, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic condensation and vacuolation, nuclear dissolution, and plasma membrane blebbing. An increase in Hg-induced DNA fragmentation (DNA 'ladder') was observed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Time- and concentration-dependent increases in the percent of apoptotic cells were observed at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after HgCl2 exposure using a flow cytometric method that discriminates between cells according to size and granularity. Pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide (CHX), an inhibitor of translation, prior to HgCl2 exposure resulted in a 25-50% reduction in apoptotic cells 24 h after exposure to 10 and 20 microM HgCl2, and concomitantly reduced the overall cytotoxicity compared to HgCl2 alone. These results, although limited to a single cell line, support the hypothesis that HgCl2 induces apoptosis that is dependent, at least in part, upon protein synthesis. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Goering, P L AU - Thomas, D AU - Rojko, J L AU - Lucas, A D AD - Division of Life Sciences, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 12 SP - 183 EP - 195 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Mercuric Chloride KW - 53GH7MZT1R KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- cytology KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- ultrastructure KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - DNA Fragmentation -- drug effects KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Time Factors KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- genetics KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mercuric Chloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69793786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Mercuric+chloride-induced+apoptosis+is+dependent+on+protein+synthesis.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BThomas%2C+D%3BRojko%2C+J+L%3BLucas%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-04-12&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of endoscope sheaths as viral barriers. AN - 85317087; pmid-10201755 AB - OBJECTIVES: Evaluate ENT endoscope sheaths as barriers to virus passage. STUDY DESIGN: "Defective" sheaths covering an endoscope were challenged with virus to determine how many virus particles could be recovered from the endoscope. METHODS: Sheaths with small laser-drilled holes (2 to 30 microm) were challenged with high-titer virus suspensions (10(8) viruses/mL). The inside of the sheath and the endoscope were separately rinsed to recover any virus that penetrated through the hole in the sheath. In an attempt to assess the possible importance of holes in the sheaths, a sequential test was conducted with an initial virus challenge outside a defective sheath (30-micron hole in the sheath), after which the possibly contaminated endoscope was removed and inserted into a second defective sheath (with a 20-micron hole at the same location) to determine whether the contaminating virus would pass outward through the second sheath. RESULTS: Small volumes of virus-containing fluid penetrated through the hole, e.g., 500 virus particles passed through one of three 30-microm holes. A significant fraction of those virus particles was occasionally found on the endoscope after removal from the sheath. Similar results were obtained with sheaths that had small tears (34-84 microm in length, from punctures with fine wires). Although some virus penetration could occur during the initial challenge contaminating the endoscope, no virus was detected passing outward through the second sheath. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a sheath combined with intermediate level disinfection should provide a safe instrument for ENT endoscopy. JF - The Laryngoscope AU - Baker, K H AU - Chaput, M P AU - Clavet, C R AU - Varney, G W AU - To, T M AU - Lytle, C D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. khb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 636 EP - 639 VL - 109 IS - 4 SN - 0023-852X, 0023-852X KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Endoscopes -- virology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Laryngoscopes KW - Equipment Contamination -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85317087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Laryngoscope&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+endoscope+sheaths+as+viral+barriers.&rft.au=Baker%2C+K+H%3BChaput%2C+M+P%3BClavet%2C+C+R%3BVarney%2C+G+W%3BTo%2C+T+M%3BLytle%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Laryngoscope&rft.issn=0023852X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-15 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone exposure at a construction site. AN - 69986502; 10457640 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Hall, R M AU - Page, E AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch of NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 203 EP - 207 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Minnesota KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69986502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Ozone+exposure+at+a+construction+site.&rft.au=Hall%2C+R+M%3BPage%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beryllium contamination inside vehicles of machine shop workers. AN - 69984456; 10457644 AB - Inhalation of beryllium particles causes a chronic, debilitating lung disease--chronic beryllium disease (CBD)--in immunologically sensitized workers. Evidence that very low concentrations of beryllium may initiate this chronic disease is provided by incidences of the illness in family members exposed to beryllium dust from workers' clothes and residents in neighborhoods surrounding beryllium refineries. This article describes the results of a cross-sectional survey to evaluate potential take-home beryllium exposures by measuring surface concentrations on the hands and in vehicles of workers at a precision machine shop where cases of CBD had recently been diagnosed. Many workers did not change out of their work clothes and shoes at the end of their shift, increasing the risk of taking beryllium home to their families. Wipe samples collected from workers' hands and vehicle surfaces were analyzed for beryllium content by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results ranged widely, from nondetectable to 40 micrograms/ft2 on workers' hands and up to 714 micrograms/ft2 inside their vehicles, demonstrating that many workers carried residual beryllium on their hands and contaminated the inside of their vehicles when leaving work. The highest beryllium concentrations inside the workers' vehicles were found on the drivers' floor (GM = 19 micrograms/ft2, GSD = 4.9), indicating that workers were carrying beryllium on their shoes into their vehicles. A safe level of beryllium contamination on surfaces is not known, but it is prudent to reduce the potential for workers to carry beryllium away from the work site. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Martyny, J AU - Ellis, K AU - Mroz, M M AU - Newman, L S AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hand KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Beryllium -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69984456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Beryllium+contamination+inside+vehicles+of+machine+shop+workers.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BMartyny%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+K%3BMroz%2C+M+M%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic considerations of dexamethasone-induced developmental toxicity in rats. AN - 69791210; 10353314 AB - Dexamethasone (DEX) has been shown to elicit growth stunting and cleft palate in rat fetuses. This investigation characterized DEX dosimetry as various pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluated their impact on developmental toxicity endpoints. DEX pharmacokinetics was evaluated as a single dose on either gestation day (GD) 9 or 14, as well as on GD 14 after multiple daily dosing from GD 9 to GD 14. An additional set of pregnant rats was dosed with DEX on GD 9 through GD 14, pharmacokinetic evaluation was conducted on GD 14 through GD 16, and teratological evaluation was conducted following sacrifice on GD 20. For all pharmacokinetic evaluations, a subcutaneous (sc) injection of 0.8 mg DEX/kg body weight together with 50 microCi 3H-DEX was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood, urine, and feces were collected for 24 or 48 h. At GD 20 sacrifice, maternal tissues as well as fetal brain and liver samples were collected as part of the laparotomy. All samples were assayed using scintillation spectrometry. DEX pharmacokinetic parameters remained similar whether dosing occurred early (GD 9) or late (GD 14) in organogenesis, or dosing occurred on multiple sequential days (GD 9-14). DEX produced maternal and fetal weight loss, fetal lethality, and cleft palate. DEX a-half-life was positively correlated with the percentage of implants affected [(number of non-live + number with cleft palate)/number of implants]/litter. Neither the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), the maximum maternal plasma concentration (Cmax), nor the terminal phase beta-half-life correlated with any fetal outcome parameters. The correlation between the percentage of the litter that was affected and half-life was improved if AUC was added in a stepwise multiple regression. These data suggest that the length of time that DEX is present in the maternal plasma at a sufficiently high concentration (i.e., slower tissue distribution of DEX) appears to be important in determining the risk of an adverse outcome in the offspring. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hansen, D K AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Wall, K S AU - Holson, R R AU - Young, J F AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 230 EP - 239 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Dexamethasone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69791210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+considerations+of+dexamethasone-induced+developmental+toxicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B%3BWall%2C+K+S%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A unified approach to risk assessment for cancer and noncancer endpoints based on benchmark doses and uncertainty/safety factors. AN - 69779429; 10341145 AB - A fundamental goal of toxicology is to determine safe levels of human exposure to toxic substances. In the absence of information to establish dose-response relationships at low exposure levels generally experienced by humans, high-dose to low-dose linear extrapolation is generally used for estimating carcinogenic risks and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level divided by uncertainty (safety) factors is widely used for establishing human exposure guidelines for noncancer effects. The basis and impact of this dichotomy is examined and questioned. It is proposed that a unified approach be adopted for establishing human exposure guidelines for both cancer and noncancer endpoints. It is suggested that a lower confidence limit on the dose estimated to produce an excess incidence of adverse health effects in 10% of the individuals in a human study or 10% of the animals in laboratory experiments be used as a point-of-departure. This dose would be divided by appropriate uncertainty factors to establish human exposure guidelines. For severe irreversible adverse health effects we suggest a total default uncertainty factor (divisor) for animal data on the order of 10,000, which is comparable to current guidelines. For reversible biological effects a smaller default uncertainty factor on the order of 1000 may be employed. This is comparable to the divisor often used currently when the point-of-departure is the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level. It is asserted that the toxicological information generally available does not warrant numerical estimates of risk at low levels of human exposure. Rather, we support a unified approach for all adverse health effects of dividing a benchmark dose by appropriate uncertainty factors to establish guidelines for human exposures to toxic substances. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AU - Krewski, D AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 151 EP - 157 VL - 29 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Benchmarking KW - Carcinogens -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69779429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=A+unified+approach+to+risk+assessment+for+cancer+and+noncancer+endpoints+based+on+benchmark+doses+and+uncertainty%2Fsafety+factors.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BKrewski%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergonomic exposure assessment: an application of the PATH systematic observation method to retail workers. Postures, Activities, Tools and Handling. AN - 69767865; 10330506 AB - This study examined biomechanical stressor variables (physical work exposures) in relation to job title, gender, and back-belt status in 134 retail store workers. The principal concerns were to quantitatively describe physical work exposures and to determine the degrees to which these quantitative variables correlated with job title and with the use of back belts. An additional objective was to assess the inter-rater reliability of the observation method. The systematic observation method employed was based on a modification of the PATH (Postures, Activities, Tools, and Handling) measurement method. Chi-square analysis indicated that the frequencies of bent or twisted postures followed the pattern of unloaders > stockers > department managers. For weight handled per lift, lower, or carry, the pattern was unloaders > department managers > stockers. The mean lifting frequencies per hour were 35.9 for department managers, 48.8 for stockers, and 137.4 for unloaders. Back-belt-wearing percentages were higher for unloaders (63%) compared with stockers (48%) and department managers (25%). Back-belt-wearing workers had higher levels of biomechanical stressor variables, including arm position, twisting, weight handled, and number of lifts per hour. Kappa statistics ranged from 0.5 to 0.63, a level of adequate or good reliability beyond chance. The method employed in this study is applicable in studies that require only fairly crude distinctions among biomechanical stressor variables. Nevertheless, this level of distinction may be sufficient when implementing intervention studies and control strategies for many material-handling-intensive jobs. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Pan, C S AU - Gardner, L I AU - Landsittel, D P AU - Hendricks, S A AU - Chiou, S S AU - Punnett, L AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Observer Variation KW - Posture KW - Male KW - Female KW - West Virginia KW - Protective Devices KW - Human Engineering KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Risk Assessment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69767865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Ergonomic+exposure+assessment%3A+an+application+of+the+PATH+systematic+observation+method+to+retail+workers.+Postures%2C+Activities%2C+Tools+and+Handling.&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BGardner%2C+L+I%3BLandsittel%2C+D+P%3BHendricks%2C+S+A%3BChiou%2C+S+S%3BPunnett%2C+L&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical hazards of animal handlers. AN - 69759138; 10329900 AB - Animal handlers may be harmed on the job due to injuries inflicted by animals; dangers related to the facility, work activities, and equipment; and weather extremes. Traumatic or venomous attacks by animals can result in fatality. Potentially hazardous features of the work environment include fumigation chambers, cage washers, slippery walking surfaces, needles and scalpels, food preparation equipment, noise, radiation, and motor vehicles. Heat- and cold-related injuries are not uncommon. Attention to safety measures is of critical importance in the field of animal handling. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Langley, R AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 194 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Health KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Bites and Stings -- etiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Animal Husbandry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Veterinarians -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animal Technicians -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bites and Stings -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69759138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Physical+hazards+of+animal+handlers.&rft.au=Langley%2C+R&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of buspirone, an anxiolytic drug. AN - 69750986; 10320950 AB - Buspirone is an anxiolytic drug given at a dosage of 15 mg/day. The mechanism of action of the drug is not well characterised, but it may exert its effect by acting on the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system or by binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors. Following a oral dose of buspirone 20 mg, the drug is rapidly absorbed. The mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) is approximately 2.5 micrograms/L, and the time to reach the peak is under 1 hour. The absolute bioavailability of buspirone is approximately 4%. Buspirone is extensively metabolised. One of the major metabolites of buspirone is 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP), which may contribute to the pharmacological activity of buspirone. Buspirone has a volume of distribution of 5.3 L/kg, a systemic clearance of about 1.7 L/h/kg, an elimination half-life of about 2.5 hours and the pharmacokinetics are linear over the dose range 10 to 40 mg. After multiple-dose administration of buspirone 10 mg/day for 9 days, there was no accumulation of either parent compound or metabolite (1-PP). Administration with food increased the Cmax and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of buspirone 2-fold. After a single 20 mg dose, the Cmax and AUC increased 2-fold in patients with renal impairment as compared with healthy volunteers. The Cmax and AUC were 15-fold higher for the same dose in patients with hepatic impairment compared with healthy individuals. The half-life of buspirone in patients with hepatic impairment was twice that in healthy individuals. The pharmacokinetics of buspirone were not affected by age or gender. Coadministration of buspirone with verapamil, diltiazem, erythromycin and itraconazole substantially increased the plasma concentration of buspirone, whereas cimetidine and alprazolam had negligible effects. Rifampicin (rifampin) decreased the plasma concentrations of buspirone almost 10-fold. JF - Clinical pharmacokinetics AU - Mahmood, I AU - Sahajwalla, C AD - Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Mahmoodi@CDER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 277 EP - 287 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0312-5963, 0312-5963 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine KW - 20980-22-7 KW - Buspirone KW - TK65WKS8HL KW - Index Medicus KW - Renal Insufficiency -- blood KW - Renal Insufficiency -- urine KW - Drug Interactions KW - Area Under Curve KW - Humans KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Aged KW - Male KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- blood KW - Female KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Buspirone -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Buspirone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Buspirone -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69750986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics+and+pharmacodynamics+of+buspirone%2C+an+anxiolytic+drug.&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+I%3BSahajwalla%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.issn=03125963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thrombotic events associated with megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS cachexia. AN - 69741317; 10319362 JF - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) AU - Koller, E AU - Gibert, C AU - Green, L AU - Mann, M AU - Bernstein, B AD - Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 294 EP - 298 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0899-9007, 0899-9007 KW - Appetite Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Megestrol Acetate KW - TJ2M0FR8ES KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Prothrombin Time KW - CD4 Lymphocyte Count KW - Male KW - Partial Thromboplastin Time KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- complications KW - Cachexia -- drug therapy KW - Cachexia -- complications KW - Appetite Stimulants -- adverse effects KW - Venous Thrombosis -- chemically induced KW - Megestrol Acetate -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69741317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+%28Burbank%2C+Los+Angeles+County%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Thrombotic+events+associated+with+megestrol+acetate+in+patients+with+AIDS+cachexia.&rft.au=Koller%2C+E%3BGibert%2C+C%3BGreen%2C+L%3BMann%2C+M%3BBernstein%2C+B&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+%28Burbank%2C+Los+Angeles+County%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=08999007&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadate-induced activation of activator protein-1: role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 69719421; 10223197 AB - The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the toxicity and carcinogenicity of vanadium might arise from elevation of reactive oxygen species leading to activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). The AP-1 transactivation response has been implicated as causal in transformation responses to phorbol esters and growth factors. To investigate the possible activity of vanadium in the activation of AP-1, we treated mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells stably transfected with an AP-1 luciferase reporter plasmid with various concentrations of vanadate. This resulted in concentration-dependent transactivation of AP-1. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inhibited AP-1 activation induced by vanadate, indicating the involvement of superoxide anion radical (O2-*), hydroxyl radical (*OH) and/or H2O2 in the mechanism of vanadate-induced AP-1 activation. However, sodium formate, a specific *OH scavenger, did not alter vanadate-induced AP-1 activation, suggesting a minimal role for the *OH radical. NADPH enhanced AP-1 activation by increasing vanadate-mediated generation of O2-*. N-acetylcysteine, a thiol-containing antioxidant, decreased activation, further showing that vanadate-induced AP-1 activation involved redox reactions. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited activation of AP-1, demonstrating that PKC is involved in the cell signal cascades leading to vanadate-induced AP-1 activation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements show that JB6 P+ cells are able to reduce vanadate to generate vanadium(IV) in the presence of NADPH. Molecular oxygen was consumed during the vanadate reduction process to generate O2-* as measured by ESR spin trapping using 5,5-dimethyl-L-pyrroline N-oxide as the spin trapping agent. SOD inhibited the ESR spin adduct signal, further demonstrating the generation of O2-* in the cellular reduction of vanadate. These results provide support for a model in which vanadium, like other classes of tumor promoters, transactivates AP-1-dependent gene expression. In the case of vanadium, AP-1 transactivation is dependent on the generation of O2-* and H2O2, but not *OH. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ding, M AU - Li, J J AU - Leonard, S S AU - Ye, J P AU - Shi, X AU - Colburn, N H AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Formates KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Naphthalenes KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - formic acid KW - 0YIW783RG1 KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - calphostin C KW - I271P23G24 KW - Acetylcysteine KW - WYQ7N0BPYC KW - Index Medicus KW - Naphthalenes -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Cell Line -- drug effects KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- pharmacology KW - Oxygen Consumption KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Luciferases -- genetics KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Epidermis -- cytology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Acetylcysteine -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - NADP -- pharmacology KW - Luciferases -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Transfection KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Formates -- pharmacology KW - Protein Kinase C -- physiology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Vanadates -- toxicity KW - Vanadates -- pharmacology KW - Transcriptional Activation -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69719421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Vanadate-induced+activation+of+activator+protein-1%3A+role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Ding%2C+M%3BLi%2C+J+J%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BYe%2C+J+P%3BShi%2C+X%3BColburn%2C+N+H%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of a self-administered questionnaire to screen for prenatal alcohol use in Northern Plains Indian women. AN - 69685876; 10198664 AB - This study among American Indian prenatal patients was conducted to validate a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) designed to (1) identify women who had consumed alcohol during pregnancy, (2) identify women who may be at risk of drinking during pregnancy, and (3) determine the quantity and frequency of alcohol and other substance use just before and during pregnancy. The validation involved three components: (1) review of the SAQ responses by a public health nurse; (2) structured patient interview with the research nurse; and (3) medical record abstraction postpartum. Compared to extensive interview and medical record data, the SAQ is sensitive (76.6%) and specific (92.8%) in detecting pregnant women who had consumed alcohol during pregnancy. The SAQ is a useful screening tool for alcohol use in this population. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Bull, L B AU - Kvigne, V L AU - Leonardson, G R AU - Lacina, L AU - Welty, T K AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, PHS Indian Hospital, Rapid City, SD, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 240 EP - 243 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Community Participation KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Incidence KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Surveys and Questionnaires -- standards KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Prenatal Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69685876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Validation+of+a+self-administered+questionnaire+to+screen+for+prenatal+alcohol+use+in+Northern+Plains+Indian+women.&rft.au=Bull%2C+L+B%3BKvigne%2C+V+L%3BLeonardson%2C+G+R%3BLacina%2C+L%3BWelty%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-state survey of consumer food-handling and food-consumption practices. AN - 69684888; 10198661 AB - In the United States, foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5-33 million illnesses a year. Also included in the burden of foodborne illnesses are sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and reactive arthritis. Surveillance for risky food-handling and food-consumption practices can be used to identify high-risk populations, develop educational efforts, and evaluate progress toward risk reduction. In 1995 and 1996, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System interviews of 19,356 adults in eight states (1995: Colorado, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee; 1996: Indiana, New Jersey, and South Dakota) included questions related to food-handling and/or food-consumption practices. Risky food-handling and food-consumption practices were not uncommon. Overall, 19% of respondents did not adequately wash hands or cutting boards after contact with raw meat or chicken. During the previous year, 20% ate pink hamburgers, 50% ate undercooked eggs, 8% ate raw oysters, and 1% drank raw milk. Men were more likely to report risky practices than women. The prevalence of most risky behaviors increased with increasing socioeconomic status. Targeted education efforts may reduce the frequency of these behaviors. Periodic surveillance can be used to assess effectiveness. In addition to consumer education, prevention efforts are needed throughout the food chain including on the farm, in processing, distribution, and at retail. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Yang, S AU - Timbo, B B AU - Angulo, F J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 216 EP - 221 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Probability KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Population Surveillance KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Management KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Health Behavior KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hygiene KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food Handling -- statistics & numerical data KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- etiology KW - Feeding Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69684888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=A+multi-state+survey+of+consumer+food-handling+and+food-consumption+practices.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BYang%2C+S%3BTimbo%2C+B+B%3BAngulo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of interrater reliability for posture observations in a field study. AN - 69656167; 10098805 AB - This paper examines the interrater reliability of a quantitative observational method of assessing non-neutral postures required by work tasks. Two observers independently evaluated 70 jobs in an automotive manufacturing facility, using a procedure that included observations of 18 postures of the upper extremities and back. Interrater reliability was evaluated using percent agreement, kappa, intraclass correlation coefficients and generalized linear mixed modeling. Interrater agreement ranged from 26% for right shoulder elevation to 99 for left wrist flexion, but agreement was at best moderate when using kappa. Percent agreement is an inadequate measure, because it does not account for chance, and can lead to inflated measures of reliability. The use of more appropriate statistical methods may lead to greater insight into sources of variability in reliability and validity studies and may help to develop more effective ergonomic exposure assessment methods. Interrater reliability was acceptable for some of the postural observations in this study. JF - Applied ergonomics AU - Burt, S AU - Punnett, L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 121 EP - 135 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Observer Variation KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Posture KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69656167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+ergonomics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+interrater+reliability+for+posture+observations+in+a+field+study.&rft.au=Burt%2C+S%3BPunnett%2C+L&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota. AN - 69622701; 10074531 AB - Enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a Northern Plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the United States. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. Four molecular subtyping methods-ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and single-strand conformation polymorphism-were used to molecularly characterize these strains and compare them to 17 archival South Dakota strains dating back to 1973 through 1983 and to 5 isolates collected from residents of diverse regions of the United States. Ribotyping and RAPD clearly demonstrated the household transmission of isolates and provided precise information on the circulation of several distinct strains within three households. By MEE, most recent and archival South Dakota strains were identified as closely related and clustered within the newly identified ET (electrophoretic type) 215 complex. Furthermore, three recent South Dakota isolates and eight archival South Dakota isolates were indistinguishable by both ribotyping and RAPD. All of these molecular methods showed that recent South Dakota isolates and archival South Dakota isolates were more closely related to each other than to the C. diphtheriae strains isolated in other parts of the United States or worldwide. The data also supported the improbability of importation of C. diphtheriae into this area and rather strongly suggest the long-term persistence of the organism in this region. JF - Journal of clinical microbiology AU - Popovic, T AU - Kim, C AU - Reiss, J AU - Reeves, M AU - Nakao, H AU - Golaz, A AD - Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA. TXP1@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 1092 EP - 1099 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Diphtheria -- microbiology KW - Diphtheria -- epidemiology KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- classification KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69622701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+molecular+subtyping+to+document+long-term+persistence+of+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+in+South+Dakota.&rft.au=Popovic%2C+T%3BKim%2C+C%3BReiss%2C+J%3BReeves%2C+M%3BNakao%2C+H%3BGolaz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Popovic&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1092&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Immun. 1983 Oct;42(1):48-56 [6311753] Am J Public Health. 1985 Dec;75(12):1393-7 [4061710] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):873-84 [2425735] J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):765-7 [7706801] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 May;33(5):1080-3 [7615709] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Nov;33(11):3061-3 [8576378] Res Microbiol. 1997 Nov;148(8):649-59 [9765850] J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jul;34(7):1711-6 [8784575] J Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;174(5):1064-72 [8896510] Microb Pathog. 1997 Jun;22(6):343-51 [9188089] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Jun 6;46(22):506-10 [9194403] Am J Public Health. 1998 May;88(5):787-91 [9585746] Lancet. 1996 Jun 22;347(9017):1739-44 [8656909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Blending Perspectives and Building Common Ground: A Report to Congress on Substance Abuse and Child Protection. AN - 62388255; ED441206 AB - This report attempts to improve the capacity of teachers, counselors, and other professionals to serve families whose children are at risk due to substance abuse and maltreatment on the part of the caretakers. Any professional coming into contact with these children needs to be aware of the scope of the problem and understand what these children face daily. Although parents abuse alcohol and other drugs at lower rates than do adults without children, 11% of U. S. children live with at least one parent who is either an alcoholic or in need of treatment for the abuse of illicit drugs. Few of these children come into contact with the child welfare system, and most remain in their parent(s)' care for most of their childhood. The two main research findings regarding these children are that: (1) they have poorer developmental outcomes, and (2) they are at risk for abusing substances themselves. This report documents what is known about substance abuse treatment and recovery, and its relationship to maltreatment. Families often come with their problems to find service systems fragmented, and limited in their ability to facilitate safety, permanency, and sobriety. This report sets the stage for many actions that can be taken to improve the nation's capacity to serve families whose children are at the greatest risk. Several service delivery models describing interventions for families with substance abuse and child maltreatment issues are presented. (Contains 3 appendixes, 28 figures, and approximately 175 references.) (Author/JMD) Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 195 PB - National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, P.O. Box 1182, Washington, D.C. 20013-1182. Tel: 800-394-3366 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.aspe.os.dhhs.gov. KW - Child Protection KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Reports KW - At Risk Persons KW - School Counselors KW - Intervention KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Family Violence KW - Teachers KW - Parents KW - Child Abuse KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62388255?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced in consultation with the National Institu N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Relationship between Mental Health and Substance Abuse among Adolescents. Analytic Series: A-9. AN - 62369713; ED436707 AB - This report presents an examination of the association between psychological functioning and substance abuse among adolescents aged 12 to 17 using data from the 1994-1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The survey, conducted annually by Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA), provides estimates of the prevalence of use of a variety of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, based on a nationally representative sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population. In 1994, the NHSDA added the Youth Self-Report, a comprehensive mental health checklist that has been used extensively in studies of adolescents. The instrument generates summary measures of emotional and behavioral problems, as well as measures for specific syndromes. Selected and highlighted findings of the study include: an estimated 13 percent of adolescents had emotional problems as indicated by withdrawal, somatic problems, anxiety, and depression; an estimated 17 percent had behavioral problems indicated by delinquent or aggressive behavior; and the likelihood of substance use is associated with the severity of emotional and behavioral problems across age and gender groups. Specific study results are categorized into sections on illicit drug use, alcohol use, cigarette use, alcohol or illicit drug dependence, and using the Youth Self-Report to identify substance users. (Contains 86 references and 46 tables. Appendices include standard error tables, data and methods, and NHSDA questionnaire items used. (GCP) AU - Ragin, Ann AU - Rasinski, Kenneth A. AU - Cerbone, Felicia Gray AU - Johnson, Robert A. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 130 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD); Web site: , Web site: . KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Research Reports KW - Substance Abuse KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Anxiety KW - Emotional Problems KW - Psychological Evaluation KW - Mental Health KW - Tables (Data) KW - Behavior Problems KW - Adolescents KW - Secondary Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62369713?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National household survey on drug abuse: main findings, 1997 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 98-3200 Nat. household survey on drug abuse ser.: H-5 AN - 59793288; 1998-0804860 AB - Prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco for persons aged 12 and over; US. Three other volumes available under the following titles, "Preliminary results from the 1996 national household survey on drug abuse" (DHHS pub. no. (SMA) 97-3149); "National household survey on drug abuse: population estimates 1996" (DHHS pub. no. (SMA) 97-3137); "1996 NHSDA public use file and codebook" (available from OAS/SAMHSA). Demographic correlates; frequency and patterns of drug use since 1979. JF - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), April 1999. 198+ pp. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 EP - 198+ PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) KW - Drug abuse -- United States -- Statistics KW - Smoking -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Drinking behavior -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59793288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1997&rft.title=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Nat Clearinghouse Alcohol and Drug Info pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 17410331; 4633695 AB - Some studies suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may affect glucose metabolism and thyroid function. To further assess the relation between exposure to TCDD and endocrine function, data from the largest morbidity study of industrial workers exposed to TCDD were examined. A cross sectional study of workers employed >15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two United States chemical plants was conducted. The referent group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and were recruited from the neighbourhoods where the workers lived. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. The mean current serum lipid adjusted TCDD concentration among workers was 220 pg/g lipid, and among referents was 7 pg/g lipid (p1500 pg/g lipid. After excluding subjects being treated for diabetes, workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations had a significantly increased adjusted mean serum glucose concentration compared with referents (p=0.03). Workers were also found to have a significantly higher adjusted mean free thyroxine index compared with referents (p=0.02), especially among workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations. However, no evidence was found that workers exposed to TCDD were at increased risk of thyroid disease. These findings provide modest evidence that exposure to TCDD may affect thyroid function and glucose metabolism. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Deddens, J AU - Wall, D K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 270 EP - 276 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - USA KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Glucose metabolism KW - Morbidity KW - Thyroxine KW - Endocrine system KW - Occupational exposure KW - Thyroid KW - TCDD KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Metabolism KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17410331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+diabetes+mellitus%2C+serum+glucose%2C+and+thyroid+function+among+United+States+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BWall%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational exposure; Thyroid; TCDD; Morbidity; Metabolism; Diabetes mellitus; Glucose metabolism; Endocrine system; Thyroxine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) silica variability, 1990-1998 AN - 17406103; 4623355 AB - Industrial hygiene laboratories use one of three analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction spectrometry, infrared absorption spectrometry, and colorimetric spectrophotometry) for the quantitative determination of crystalline silica. Interlaboratory variability historically has been high for these analyses ( similar to 25-35% relative standard deviation). Agreement between laboratories, as measured by the American Industrial Hygiene Association Proficiency Analytical Testing program over the period April 1990 through April 1998, was studied. Analysis of over 11,000 data points (laboratory/sample/round combinations) showed some significant differences between analytical methods in their relative recovery and precision, although overall mean recoveries were similar for the three techniques. Relative recovery of colorimetric results (but not those of the X-ray or infrared results) was significantly affected by sample loading in the range 40-170 mu g silica per sample. Differences on the order of 5-10% were produced in some intermatrix comparisons for infrared and colorimetric recoveries, but not for those of X-ray. X-ray and infrared techniques were both more precise than colorimetric. Small differences, on the order of 2-5%, were observed in the interlaboratory and intralaboratory relative standard deviations between different matrices for X-ray and infrared analyses, but not for the more variable colorimetric results. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Eller, P M AU - Feng, HA AU - Song, R S AU - Key-Schwartz, R J AU - Esche, CA AU - Groff, J H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 533 EP - 539 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Laboratory testing KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17406103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+%28PAT%29+silica+variability%2C+1990-1998&rft.au=Eller%2C+P+M%3BFeng%2C+HA%3BSong%2C+R+S%3BKey-Schwartz%2C+R+J%3BEsche%2C+CA%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F0002-8894%281999%290602.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Laboratory testing; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0533:PATSV>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A tiered approach to threshold of regulation AN - 17400934; 4633401 AB - This paper presents methods for extending the principle of a single "threshold of regulation" to a range of dietary concentrations between 0.5 and 15 parts per billion by using structure-activity relationships, genotoxicity, and short-term toxicity data. The database used to develop the FDA's threshold of regulation was examined to determine whether structural parameters or the result of certain short-term toxicity tests could be used to define a subset of less potent substances that supports higher threshold levels. In addition, results of reproductive toxicity tests for 3306 compounds and other multidose toxicity tests for 2542 compounds were compared with the database of carcinogenic potencies to establish that carcinogenic endpoints are the most conservative toxicity endpoint for establishing thresholds of regulation. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Cheeseman, MA AU - Machuga, E J AU - Bailey, AB AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-200, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 387 EP - 412 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - structure-activity relationships KW - threshold of regulation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Genotoxicity KW - Government policy KW - Reproduction KW - Dietary intake KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+tiered+approach+to+threshold+of+regulation&rft.au=Cheeseman%2C+MA%3BMachuga%2C+E+J%3BBailey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Cheeseman&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2899%2900024-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government policy; Genotoxicity; Dietary intake; Risk assessment; Reproduction; Carcinogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00024-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of coal mine roof rating (CMRR) to extended cuts AN - 17378238; 4575353 AB - Since first introduced, the coal mine roof rating (CMRR) has been widely accepted as a tool for geologic characterization and mine planning. This paper discusses the application of the CMRR to another practical ground-control problem: extended cuts. Extended cuts, i.e., cuts greater than 6 m (20 ft) in length, are commonly used with remote-control continuous miners. Extended cuts can greatly increase productivity, but they have been associated with a number of fatal roof-falls. When extended cuts are attempted in weak roof material, the roof may collapse before it can be bolted. Until now, it has not been possible to predict where conditions may not be suitable for extended cuts. In this study, data on the CMRR and extended-cut experience were collected at 36 mines in seven of the United States. It was found that, when the CMRR was greater than 56, deep cuts were routine in nearly every case. When the CMRR was less than 37, extended cuts were almost never taken, and, when the CMRR was between 38 and 56, extended cuts were sometimes, but not always, feasible. The data also show that extended cuts are less likely to be stable if either the entry span or the depth of cover increases. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Mark, C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 52 EP - 55 VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - coal mine roof rating KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Structural analysis KW - Coal KW - Mining KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Application+of+coal+mine+roof+rating+%28CMRR%29+to+extended+cuts&rft.au=Mark%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Structural analysis; Mining; Coal; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Anisakis simplex in microwave-processed arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) AN - 17373103; 4587757 AB - The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between survival and temperature of nematodes of the species Anisakis simplex in microwave-processed arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). Ten fillets (each 126 to 467 g, 0.5 to 1.75 cm thick), with an average of five larvae of Anisakis simplex per fillet, were processed to target temperatures on high (100%) power using a commercial 700-W microwave oven. Fillets were neither covered nor rotated and had a temperature probe inserted to two-thirds depth into the thickest portion. After the fillet was digested using a 1% pepsin solution, the viability of nematodes was determined by viewing them under a dissecting microscope. Survival rates were 31% at 140 degree F (60 degree C), 11% at 150 degree F (65 degree C), 2% at 160 degree F (71 degree C), 3% at 165 degree F (74 degree C), and 0% at 170 degree F (77 degree C). Microwave processing of standardized fillet "sandwiches," 14 cm long, 4.5 cm wide, and approximately 1.75 cm high, each of which was preinoculated with 10 live nematodes, resulted in no survival at either 160 degree F or 170 degree F. Using ultraviolet light to detect both viable and nonviable nematodes in fillet sandwiches as an alternative method to pepsin digestion resulted in survival rates of 1% at 140 degree F (60 degree C), 3% at 145 degree F (63 degree C), and 0% at 150 degree F (65 degree C). Smaller fillet sandwiches, which most likely had fewer cold spots during microwave processing, required 150 degree F (65 degree C), whereas larger whole fillets required 170 degree F (77 degree C) to kill larvae of Anisakis simplex. The parasites were most likely inactivated by a thermal mechanism of microwave treatment. Damage to the nematodes was often evident from ruptured cuticles that were no longer resistant to digestive enzymes. The high hydrostatic pressure and low chloride content of the pseudocoelomic fluid probably contributed greatly to the damage incurred by the larvae. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Adams, A M AU - Miller, K S AU - Wekell, M M AU - Dong, F M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seafood Products Research Center, P.O. Box 3012, 22201 23rd Drive S.E., Bothell, Washington 98041-3012, aadams@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 403 EP - 409 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anisakis simplex KW - Arrowtooth flounder KW - Atheresthes stomias KW - Nematoda KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Parasites KW - Microwave radiation KW - Temperature KW - Larvae KW - Seafood KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Fish fillets KW - Hazard assessment KW - Fishery products KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Anisakis+simplex+in+microwave-processed+arrowtooth+flounder+%28Atheresthes+stomias%29&rft.au=Adams%2C+A+M%3BMiller%2C+K+S%3BWekell%2C+M+M%3BDong%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Pathogens; Fish fillets; Fishery products; Hazard assessment; Microwave radiation; Larvae; Temperature; Seafood; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An epidemic of congenital syphilis in Jefferson County, Texas, 1994-1995: Inadequate prenatal syphilis testing after an outbreak in adults AN - 17355441; 4536504 AB - After a syphilis epidemic in Jefferson County, Texas, in 1993 and 1994, congenital syphilis prevalence and risk factors were determined and local prenatal syphilis screening practices were assessed. Medical records were reviewed, pregnant women with syphilis were interviewed, and prenatal care providers were surveyed. Of 91 women, 59 (65%) had infants with congenital syphilis. Among African Americans, the prevalence per 1000 live births was 24.1 in 1994 and 17.9 in 1995. Of the 50 women with at least 2 prenatal care visits who had infants with congenital syphilis, 15 (30%) had received inadequate testing. Only 16% of 31 providers obtained an early third-trimester syphilis test on all patients. Inadequate prenatal testing contributed to this outbreak of congenital syphilis. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Southwick, K L AU - Guidry, H M AU - Weldon, M M AU - Mertz, K J AU - Berman, S M AU - Levine, W C AD - North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, PO Box 29601, Raleigh, NC 27626-0601, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 557 EP - 560 VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - USA, Texas KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Congenital infection KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Treponema pallidum KW - Prenatal diagnosis KW - Syphilis KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17355441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=An+epidemic+of+congenital+syphilis+in+Jefferson+County%2C+Texas%2C+1994-1995%3A+Inadequate+prenatal+syphilis+testing+after+an+outbreak+in+adults&rft.au=Southwick%2C+K+L%3BGuidry%2C+H+M%3BWeldon%2C+M+M%3BMertz%2C+K+J%3BBerman%2C+S+M%3BLevine%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Southwick&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; Congenital infection; Syphilis; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Prenatal diagnosis; Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis to goldfish, Carassius auratus AN - 17352806; 4517499 AB - Despite the ubiquitous presence of atypical mycobacteria in the environment and the potential risk of infection in humans and animals, the pathogenesis of diseases caused by infection with atypical mycobacteria has been poorly characterized. In this study, goldfish, Carassius auratus were infected either with the rapidly growing fish pathogen, Mycobacterium fortuitum or with another rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Bacterial persistence and pathological host response to mycobacterial infection in the goldfish are described. Mycobacteria were recovered from a high percentage of inoculated fish that developed a characteristic chronic granulomatous response similar to that associated with natural mycobacterial infection. Both M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis were pathogenic to fish. Fish infected with M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 showed the highest level of giant cell recruitment compared to fish inoculated with M. smegmatis mc super(2)155 and M. fortuitum. Of the three strains of mycobacteria examined, M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 was the most virulent strain to goldfish followed by M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis mc super(2)155, respectively. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Talaat, A M AU - Trucksis, M AU - Kane, A S AU - Reimschuessel, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, 4801 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, rreimsch@bangate.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 01 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pathogenicity KW - Goldfish KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Granulomatosis KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Mycobacterium fortuitum KW - Persistent infection KW - Carassius auratus KW - Mycobacterium smegmatis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17352806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pathogenicity+of+Mycobacterium+fortuitum+and+Mycobacterium+smegmatis+to+goldfish%2C+Carassius+auratus&rft.au=Talaat%2C+A+M%3BTrucksis%2C+M%3BKane%2C+A+S%3BReimschuessel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Talaat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1135%2899%2900002-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Carassius auratus; Persistent infection; Host-pathogen interactions; Granulomatosis; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00002-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity and liver tumor ras-protooncogene mutations in CD-1 mice treated neonatally with 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene and their trans-7,8-dihydrodiol and aminobenzo[a]pyrene metabolites AN - 17259572; 4554387 AB - The environmental pollutants 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1- and 3-NBaP) are metabolized by mammalian microsomes through ring oxidation to 1-NBaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol and 3-NBaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, and by nitroreduction to 1- and 3-aminobenzo[a]pyrene. To determine if these compounds are tumorigenic, 1- and 3-NBaP, along with several of their metabolites and the parent benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and its trans-7,8-dihydrodiol metabolite, were tested in the neonatal CD-1 mouse bioassay. Male mice were administered i.p. injections at a total dose of 100 or 400 nmol per mouse on 1, 8 and 15 days after birth. While the liver tumor incidences for BaP, BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, and the positive control 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) were significantly higher than in the solvent control animals, all the other tested compounds exhibited no tumorigenicity. The frequency of Ha- and Ki-ras mutations in liver tumors of mice treated with BaP, BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, and 6-NC were higher than in the few liver tumors isolated from control mice or mice treated with the NBaPs or their metabolites. Since 1- and 3-NBaP and their metabolites are potent mutagens in the Salmonella assay and moderate mutagens in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian mutagenicity assay, our results indicate that the in vitro mutagenicity of these compounds does not correlate with their tumorigenicity. JF - Cancer Letters AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Bucci, T AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, pfu@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 137 EP - 143 VL - 137 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ras protein KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Liver KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17259572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Tumorigenicity+and+liver+tumor+ras-protooncogene+mutations+in+CD-1+mice+treated+neonatally+with+1-+and+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+their+trans-7%2C8-dihydrodiol+and+aminobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+metabolites&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BXia%2C+Qingsu%3BBucci%2C+T%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=LS&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Liver; Ras protein; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational Health Psychology: An Emerging Discipline AN - 17245971; 4533078 AB - There is growing concern that rapidly changing patterns of work organization and employment pose risk for occupational illness and injury. In the present article, we assert that these changes create new needs and opportunities for research and practice by psychologists in the area of work organization and health. We begin with an historical overview of the contribution of psychologists to the occupational safety and health field, and to the study of work organization and health. We then describe new initiatives by the American Psychological Association and national health organizations in the United States and Europe to frame a new field of study - called "occupational health psychology" - that focuses on the topic of work organization and health. We conclude with a discussion of emerging research needs and trends within this field. JF - Industrial Health AU - Sauter, S L AU - Hurrel, JJ Jr AU - Fox, H R AU - Tetrick, LE AU - Barling, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 199 EP - 211 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0019-8366, 0019-8366 KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Psychology KW - Stress KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Occupational+Health+Psychology%3A+An+Emerging+Discipline&rft.au=Sauter%2C+S+L%3BHurrel%2C+JJ+Jr%3BFox%2C+H+R%3BTetrick%2C+LE%3BBarling%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sauter&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+Health&rft.issn=00198366&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Occupational stress. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Psychology; Stress; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with the Development of Neonatal Tolerance After the Administration of a Plasmid DNA Vaccine AN - 17218554; 4499189 AB - A plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein of malaria (pCSP) induces tolerance rather than immunity when administered to newborn mice. We find that this tolerance persists for > 1 yr after neonatal pCSP administration and interferes with the induction of protective immunity in animals challenged with live sporozoites. Susceptibility to tolerance induction wanes rapidly with age, disappearing within 1 wk of birth. Higher doses of plasmid are more tolerogenic, and susceptibility to tolerance is not MHC-restricted. CD8 super(+) T cells from tolerant mice suppress the in vitro Ag-specific immune response of cells from adult mice immunized with pCSP. Similarly, CD8 super(+) T cells from tolerant mice transfer nonresponsiveness to naive syngeneic recipients. These findings clarify the cellular basis and factors contributing to the development of DNA vaccine-induced neonatal tolerance. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Ichino, M AU - Mor, G AU - Conover, J AU - Weiss, W R AU - Takeno, M AU - Ishii, K J AU - Klinman, D M AD - Building 29A, Room 3D10, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, klinman@al.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/04/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 01 SP - 3814 EP - 3818 VL - 162 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - DNA vaccines KW - mice KW - neonates KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Vaccines KW - Plasmids KW - Immunological tolerance KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17218554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Factors+Associated+with+the+Development+of+Neonatal+Tolerance+After+the+Administration+of+a+Plasmid+DNA+Vaccine&rft.au=Ichino%2C+M%3BMor%2C+G%3BConover%2C+J%3BWeiss%2C+W+R%3BTakeno%2C+M%3BIshii%2C+K+J%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ichino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; Immunological tolerance; Vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins: Challenges and Opportunities AN - 17182493; 4478380 AB - Research management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins is both challenging and filled with opportunities. From the perspective of public health practice, research management is more than just research managers managing discrete programs; it requires everyone involved in the process to become active participants, including researchers, communities, potential interest groups, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Agencies, organizations, and individuals responsible for managing research and resources in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins are facing problems of decreased research funding, data gaps, and research quality. Managers of research and resources in the basins face many challenges as they address these problems. They are challenged with strengthening the link between research and management in the face of decreasing resources and increasing expectations of results and findings while extending those results and findings to public health practice. A number of actions and activities have been proposed that can lead to better management of constrained programs, pooled resources, partnerships, targeted priorities, and improved effectiveness. With guidance and assistance from the International Joint Commission (IJC), research managers in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins who have initiated and maintained traditional research programs based on sound science are now adopting different and innovative management strategies. The research community must be proactive in articulating the role of science in bridging the gaps in knowledge between public health practice and regulatory programs. Supported by a firm foundation of credible science, critical assessment, and public service, basin research managers are recognizing the need to move outside the comfort zone and extend to areas previously unwelcomed or uncomfortable. JF - Environmental Research AU - De rosa, CT AU - Rosemond, Z A AU - Cibulas, W AU - Gilman AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, Canada Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 274 EP - 279 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - North America, St. Lawrence R. KW - Research KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Research priorities KW - Resource management KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Lake basins KW - River basins KW - Economic aspects KW - Public health KW - Research programmes KW - Future planning KW - Data acquisition KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08105:Research programmes, expeditions and vessels KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning KW - Q2 09105:Research programmes and expeditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17182493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Research+Management+in+the+Great+Lakes+and+St.+Lawrence+River+basins%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.au=De+rosa%2C+CT%3BRosemond%2C+Z+A%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BGilman&rft.aulast=De+rosa&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research programmes; Resource management; Management; Lake basins; River basins; Data acquisition; Public health; Research priorities; Management planning; Future planning; Economic aspects; North America, Great Lakes; North America, St. Lawrence R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing the risks of drug interactions AN - 17249239; 4532857 AB - Many drug interactions are inconsequential, but others can be deadly. With some basic information, you can pinpoint the combinations that are most likely to cause trouble for your patients. JF - Patient Care AU - Goldman, SA AU - Horn, J R AU - Weart, C W AD - MedWatch, the FDA Medical Products Reporting Program, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1999/03/30/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 30 SP - 26 EP - 42 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0031-305X, 0031-305X KW - drug interaction KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Side effects KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17249239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patient+Care&rft.atitle=Minimizing+the+risks+of+drug+interactions&rft.au=Goldman%2C+SA%3BHorn%2C+J+R%3BWeart%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-03-30&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Patient+Care&rft.issn=0031305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Side effects; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ibogaine blocked methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia and induction of heat shock protein in mice. AN - 69655609; 10095030 AB - Body temperature changes and heat shock protein (HSP-72) induction in the caudate nucleus were studied in female C57BL/6N mice pretreated with ibogaine (50 mg/kg) and sacrificed 48 h. after a single dose of methamphetamine (20 mg/kg). Methamphetamine injection resulted in hyperthermia and induced HSP-72 expression, whereas treatment with ibogaine alone produced hypothermia. The ibogaine followed by methamphetamine injection showed no hyperthermia and decreased HSP-72 expression. These data indicate that pretreatment with ibogaine can completely block methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia and HSP-72 expression in the striatum. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Brain research AU - Yu, X AU - Imam, S Z AU - Newport, G D AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9205, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 27 SP - 213 EP - 216 VL - 823 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Fever -- prevention & control KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Ibogaine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69655609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Ibogaine+blocked+methamphetamine-induced+hyperthermia+and+induction+of+heat+shock+protein+in+mice.&rft.au=Yu%2C+X%3BImam%2C+S+Z%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1999-03-27&rft.volume=823&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of biomechanical stresses during drywall lifting AN - 17252236; 4525446 AB - Constant lifting of massive and bulky drywall sheets creates overexertion hazards among drywall installers. The objective of this study was to gain understanding of the biomechanical stresses imposed on the workers while lifting drywall sheets. A video analysis was performed to identify current drywall lifting techniques. Computer simulations of these techniques for lifting drywall sheets of 60, 80, and 100 lb were then conducted to estimate the biomechanical loadings on the workers. Four lifting methods were determined to be the most commonly used drywall lifting techniques. The University of Michigan Three-Dimensional Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP) was used for the simulations. It was found that all four lifting techniques produced considerable biomechanical stresses at the workers' shoulders, torsos, and hips. Only a limited percentage of the male population has sufficient strength capability to perform the task. The estimated L5/S1 and L4/L5 disc compression forces were consistently high, ranging from 655 to 1363 lb for various loads and postures analyzed. Results from this study provided evidence regarding the biomechanical stresses associated with drywall lifting. Further studies are recommended to identify less stressful drywall lifting methods and to develop safe assistive devices to reduce overexertion injuries. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S S AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1999/03/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 20 SP - 505 EP - 511 VL - 23 IS - 5-6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - biomechanics KW - drywall KW - lifting KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Stress KW - Ergonomics KW - Occupational health KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17252236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+biomechanical+stresses+during+drywall+lifting&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-20&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Stress; Ergonomics; Materials handling; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3-Dimensional visualization of lesions in rat brain using magnetic resonance imaging microscopy. AN - 69697451; 10208540 AB - High-resolution (< 50 microm) magnetic resonance imaging microscopy (MRM) has been used to identify brain regions and localization of excitotoxin-induced lesions in fixed rat brains, subsequently confirmed using standard histology. The anatomical extent of lesions identified by MRM was identical to that seen in histological sections and various histopathological changes could be visualized. In contrast to the time involved in preparing and examining histological sections, lesions in intact brains could be rapidly identified and visualized in three dimensions by examining digitally generated sections in any plane. This study shows that MRM has tremendous potential as a prescreening tool for neurotoxicity and neuropathology. These observations suggest that MRM has the potential to affect pathology much as conventional MRI has influenced clinical imaging. JF - Neuroreport AU - Lester, D S AU - Lyon, R C AU - McGregor, G N AU - Engelhardt, R T AU - Schmued, L C AU - Johnson, G A AU - Johannessen, J N AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 17 SP - 737 EP - 741 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0959-4965, 0959-4965 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Animals KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Microscopy KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Brain Diseases -- pathology KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Brain -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69697451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroreport&rft.atitle=3-Dimensional+visualization+of+lesions+in+rat+brain+using+magnetic+resonance+imaging+microscopy.&rft.au=Lester%2C+D+S%3BLyon%2C+R+C%3BMcGregor%2C+G+N%3BEngelhardt%2C+R+T%3BSchmued%2C+L+C%3BJohnson%2C+G+A%3BJohannessen%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-17&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroreport&rft.issn=09594965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected macrophages induce inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (NO) production in astrocytes: astrocytic NO as a possible mediator of neural damage in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AN - 69613003; 10068656 AB - Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in normal neural cell function. Dysregulated or overexpression of NO contributes to neurologic damage associated with various pathologies, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurological disease. Previous studies suggest that HIV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) produce low levels of NO in vitro and that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in the brain of patients with neurologic disease. However, the levels of NO could not account for the degree of neural toxicity observed. In this study, we found that induction of iNOS with concomitant production of NO occurred in primary human astrocytes, but not in MDM, when astrocytes were cocultured with HIV-1-infected MDM. This coincided with decreased HIV replication in infected MDM. Supernatants from cocultures of infected MDM and astrocytes also stimulated iNOS/NO expression in astrocytes, but cytokines known to induce iNOS expression (interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were not detected. In addition, the recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein gp41, but not rgp120, induced iNOS in cocultures of uninfected MDM and astrocytes. This suggests that astrocytes may be an important source of NO production due to dysregulated iNOS expression and may constitute one arm of the host response resulting in suppression of HIV-1 replication in the brain. It also leads us to speculate that neurologic damage observed in HIV disease may ensue from prolonged, high level production of NO. JF - Blood AU - Hori, K AU - Burd, P R AU - Furuke, K AU - Kutza, J AU - Weih, K A AU - Clouse, K A AD - Division of Cytokine Biology and the Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 1843 EP - 1850 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0006-4971, 0006-4971 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - NOS2 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Virus Replication KW - Coculture Techniques KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Monocytes -- virology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Mammalian KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Macrophages -- enzymology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Macrophages -- virology KW - Macrophages -- physiology KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - HIV-1 -- physiology KW - Astrocytes -- enzymology KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- biosynthesis KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69613003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Human+immunodeficiency+virus-1-infected+macrophages+induce+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+and+nitric+oxide+%28NO%29+production+in+astrocytes%3A+astrocytic+NO+as+a+possible+mediator+of+neural+damage+in+acquired+immunodeficiency+syndrome.&rft.au=Hori%2C+K%3BBurd%2C+P+R%3BFuruke%2C+K%3BKutza%2C+J%3BWeih%2C+K+A%3BClouse%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Hori&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Blood&rft.issn=00064971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An estimator of the mutant frequency in assays using transgenic animals AN - 17199399; 4485786 AB - The Poisson distribution is a fundamental probability model for count data, and is a natural model for the observed plaque counts in mutation assays using animals with lambda or Phi X174 transgenes. The Poisson likelihood for observed counts is a function of the mutant fraction, and it is straightforward to derive the associated maximum likelihood estimate of the mutant fraction and its variance. The estimate is easy to calculate, and if not the same, very similar to ad hoc estimates in current use. The model indicates the proper way to combine data from a number of plates, possibly prepared with different sample dilutions. The estimator of the mutant fraction is biased as a consequence of dividing by a random variable, the plaque count used to calculate the total recovered plaque-forming units. Fortunately, the bias becomes negligible as this count becomes large. On the other hand, increasing this count can increase the variance by decreasing the amount of sample assayed for mutant phages. Concurrent heed to the bias and the variance provides some guidance as to the optimum allocation of a sample into portions assayed for mutant phages and total recovered phages. The distribution of the estimate of the mutant fraction is related to the binomial distribution. This relationship implies a binomial distribution for the mutant count conditional on an overall count (either the sum of mutant and counted total plaques or the sum of counted mutant and non-mutant plaques). A special but important case occurs when each plate can be evaluated for mutant plaques and non-mutant plaques. Then, the observed proportion of mutants estimates the mutant fraction. More generally, the relationship to a binomial distribution provides a procedure for calculating a confidence interval. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Malling, H V AU - Chen, J B AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, HFT-20, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 101 EP - 108 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 440 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Poisson distribution KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Transgenic animals KW - Genotoxicity testing KW - Mutant frequency KW - Toxicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=An+estimator+of+the+mutant+frequency+in+assays+using+transgenic+animals&rft.au=Delongchamp%2C+R+R%3BMalling%2C+H+V%3BChen%2C+J+B%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Delongchamp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=440&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mutant frequency; Transgenic animals; Toxicity testing; Genotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic instability in silica- and cadmium chloride-transformed BALB/c-3T3 and tumor cell lines by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. AN - 69639337; 10082922 AB - Our earlier studies using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis have shown genetic instability in human lung cancer tissues. Here we have investigated the potential for genetic instability in silica- and cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cell lines. Non-transformed, transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, and tumor cell lines (obtained by injecting nude mice with transformed cell lines) were analyzed for genomic changes. DNAs from 10 different transformed clones and their corresponding tumor cell lines were amplified individually by RAPD analysis using 10 arbitrary primers. DNA from non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells was used as a control to compare genetic alterations, if any, between non-transformed, transformed and tumor cell populations. PCR products from RAPD were electrophoretically separated on agarose gels and the banding profiles were visualized by ethidium bromide staining. Five of the 10 primers tested revealed genomic changes in silica-transformed cell lines when compared to non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. Comparison of all 10 transformed and tumor cell lines showed varied degrees of genomic changes using all 10 primers. CdCl2-transformed cell lines displayed fewer genomic changes, only three of 10 primers showed a positive result. CdCl2-transformed cells and their corresponding tumor cell lines showed specific banding pattern differences in six of the 10 samples tested with six of the 10 primers. Changes in band intensity were the most commonly observed changes both in silica- and CdCl2-transformed and tumor cell lines. The results seem to indicate a progressive change in genomic rearrangements which may directly or indirectly be associated with progression of tumorigenesis. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Keshava, C AU - Keshava, N AU - Zhou, G AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T M AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, m/s 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/10/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 10 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 425 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Cadmium Chloride KW - J6K4F9V3BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Mice KW - DNA Fingerprinting KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Mutation KW - Cadmium Chloride -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69639337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genomic+instability+in+silica-+and+cadmium+chloride-transformed+BALB%2Fc-3T3+and+tumor+cell+lines+by+random+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis.&rft.au=Keshava%2C+C%3BKeshava%2C+N%3BZhou%2C+G%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-10&rft.volume=425&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DNA adduct levels associated with exogenous and endogenous exposures in human pancreas in relation to metabolic genotype. AN - 69609191; 10064866 AB - Recently, we examined normal human pancreas tissue for DNA adducts derived from either exogenous chemical exposure and/or endogenous agents. In an effort to explain the different types and levels of DNA adducts formed in the context of individual susceptibility to cancer, we have focused on gene-environment interactions. Here, we report on the levels of hydrophobic aromatic amines (AAs), specifically those derived from 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and DNA adducts associated with oxidative stress in human pancreas. Although these adducts have been reported in several human tissues by different laboratories, a comparison of the levels of these adducts in the same tissue samples has not been performed. Using the same DNA, the genotypes were determined for N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and NAD(P)H quinone reductase-1 (NQO1) as possible modulators of adduct levels because their gene products are involved in the detoxification of AAs, lipid peroxidation products and in redox cycling. These results indicate that ABP-DNA adducts, malondialdehyde-DNA adducts, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) adducts are present at similar levels. Of the metabolic genotypes examined, the presence of ABP-DNA adducts was strongly associated with the putative slow NAT1*4/*4 genotype, suggesting a role for this pathway in ABP detoxification. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Thompson, P A AU - Seyedi, F AU - Lang, N P AU - MacLeod, S L AU - Wogan, G N AU - Anderson, K E AU - Tang, Y M AU - Coles, B AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. pthompson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 08 SP - 263 EP - 274 VL - 424 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pancreas -- pathology KW - DNA Adducts -- genetics KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69609191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DNA+adduct+levels+associated+with+exogenous+and+endogenous+exposures+in+human+pancreas+in+relation+to+metabolic+genotype.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+P+A%3BSeyedi%2C+F%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BMacLeod%2C+S+L%3BWogan%2C+G+N%3BAnderson%2C+K+E%3BTang%2C+Y+M%3BColes%2C+B%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-03-08&rft.volume=424&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of worker lead exposures and cleaning effectiveness during removal of deteriorated lead-based paint. AN - 69979215; 10453632 AB - We evaluated worker lead exposures and cleaning effectiveness during initial cleanup of 19th-century buildings with highly deteriorated lead-based paint. Eighteen rooms of similar size and condition in two university-owned buildings were selected for a pilot project to compare three methods for removing loose paint, paint chips, and dust. The methods used were: dry scraping followed by dry sweeping (no engineering or work practice controls); wet scraping and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) vacuuming; and the latter method with the addition of a portable HEPA-filtered exhaust fan in the room providing about 40 air changes per hour. The final step for all methods was wet-mopping once with tri-sodium phosphate solution. During a single day 18 rooms were cleaned; each of three two-person work crews cleaned six rooms, two with each method. Air and surface samples were collected before, during, and after cleaning. All of the methods were potentially hazardous to workers: 44 percent of the method-based exposures (range: 5.0-360 micrograms/m3) and one of five full-shift exposures exceeded the OSHA PEL (range 9.4-110 micrograms/m3). Lowest worker exposures were during the wet scraping and vacuuming method (mean: 24 micrograms/m3). Providing general ventilation in rooms did not reduce worker exposures and appeared to increase them (mean: 73 micrograms/m3). Overall, the mean floor surface lead levels were reduced 50 percent after cleaning (from 2,600 to 1,300 micrograms/ft2), but the effectiveness of the three methods in reducing floor lead levels did not differ significantly. Overall, the method, mean paint lead concentration, pre-cleaning surface lead concentration, and work crew were significantly associated with the mean worker exposures during cleaning (p = 0.023), but not with the post-cleaning surface lead concentrations (p = 0.13). JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Sussell, A AU - Hart, C AU - Wild, D AU - Ashley, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Protective Clothing KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Pilot Projects KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Housekeeping -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69979215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+worker+lead+exposures+and+cleaning+effectiveness+during+removal+of+deteriorated+lead-based+paint.&rft.au=Sussell%2C+A%3BHart%2C+C%3BWild%2C+D%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sussell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection on offshore drilling rigs. AN - 69978463; 10453623 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Mattorano, D A AU - Merínar, T AD - NIOSH, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Petroleum KW - Hydrogen Sulfide KW - YY9FVM7NSN KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - California KW - Humans KW - Pacific Ocean KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Mining KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hydrogen Sulfide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69978463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection+on+offshore+drilling+rigs.&rft.au=Mattorano%2C+D+A%3BMer%C3%ADnar%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mattorano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combinations of P-glycoprotein blockers, verapamil, PSC833, and cremophor act differently on the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) and on P-glycoprotein (Pgp). AN - 69825711; 10368654 AB - Clinical studies are currently in progress to evaluate functional modifiers of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an efflux pump associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy. However, the effects of these modifiers on a more recently discovered efflux pump, the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), have not yet been fully characterized. MRP is expressed in most human tissues and is overexpressed in several tumor types. For these reasons, we have investigated the effects of three prototype Pgp modifiers, which act by different modes on the function of Pgp, on the function of MRP in two MRP-overexpressing cell lines: UMCC/VP lung and MCF-7/VP breast cancer cells. Clinically optimal plasma levels of verapamil, cremophor, and PSC833 have been shown to completely block the function of Pgp in Pgp-over expressing cells. However, in the two MRP-over expressing cell lines, these modifiers only partially blocked the function of MRP and combinations of these optimal concentrations acted antagonistically. Similar antagonistic effects were seen with combinations of suboptimal concentration levels of these blockers, while these combinations resulted in synergistic effects in Pgp overexpressing cells. For two biophysical parameters measured at the plasma membrane, membrane fluidity and membrane potential, the effects of these modifiers were essentially similar in Pgp and MRP expressing cells. We suggest that the 170 kD Pgp and the 190 kD MRP glycoproteins, imbedded in the plasma membranes, respond differently to simultaneous effects of the investigated prototype resistance modifiers. These results also suggest that the identification of the specific mechanism of drug resistance is important for the selection of chemotherapeutic strategies to block the efflux pump on the cancer cell. JF - Anticancer research AU - Aszalos, A AU - Thompson, K AU - Yin, J J AU - Ross, D D AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 1053 EP - 1064 VL - 19 IS - 2A SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Cyclosporins KW - Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - cremophor KW - 39279-69-1 KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - valspodar KW - Q7ZP55KF3X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Membrane Potentials KW - Mice KW - Drug Synergism KW - Leukemia L1210 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - P-Glycoprotein -- analysis KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters -- analysis KW - Cyclosporins -- pharmacology KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Polyethylene Glycols -- pharmacology KW - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - P-Glycoprotein -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69825711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Combinations+of+P-glycoprotein+blockers%2C+verapamil%2C+PSC833%2C+and+cremophor+act+differently+on+the+multidrug+resistance+associated+protein+%28MRP%29+and+on+P-glycoprotein+%28Pgp%29.&rft.au=Aszalos%2C+A%3BThompson%2C+K%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BRoss%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Aszalos&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - d-Fenfluramine produces neuronal degeneration in localized regions of the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum of the rat. AN - 69756950; 10330689 AB - d-Fenfluramine is a potent serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor/releaser and, until its recent recall, was prescribed as an anoretic agent. This study demonstrates that 10 mg/kg d-fenfluramine i.p., when administered to rats in a warm (27 degrees C) environment, produces neuronal degeneration within select brain regions. Degeneration was detected and localized using a recently developed fluorescent marker of neuronal degeneration, Fluoro-Jade. The most extensive cortical damage was in the anterior cingulate region. In the medial thalamus, degeneration was frequently seen within the intralaminar nuclei, and somewhat less frequently observed within the paraventricular nucleus, the mediodorsal nucleus, and the gelatinosis nucleus. Cerebellar damage occurred primarily in medial Purkinje cells and occasionally in granule cells or basket cells. Degeneration was not observed in either saline-injected control animals or in rats given even higher doses of 25 mg/kg d-fenfluramine but kept in a cooler environment (23 degrees C). The degeneration was clearly most prominent in animals with body temperatures of 41 degrees to 42 degrees C, but this degeneration was not seen in animals given saline that became extremely hyperthermic in a 37 degrees C environment. Behavioral signs such as tremors, myoclonus, rigidity, and splayed legs were seen in all animals with extensive neurodegeneration. The areas damaged by d-fenfluramine, when hyperthermia occurs, could play a role in the expression of the serotonin syndrome. Elevated extracellular 5-HT levels alone are probably not sufficient for neurotoxicity, and additional factors such as hyperthermia, regional specificity of 5-HT receptor subtypes, blood flow, and/or neuronal networks may be involved. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Schmued, L AU - Slikker, W AU - Clausing, P AU - Bowyer, J AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 100 EP - 106 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - 0 KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors KW - Dexfenfluramine KW - E35R3G56OV KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- physiopathology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- pathology KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- pathology KW - Dexfenfluramine -- toxicity KW - Thalamus -- pathology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- chemically induced KW - Thalamus -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- pathology KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69756950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=d-Fenfluramine+produces+neuronal+degeneration+in+localized+regions+of+the+cortex%2C+thalamus%2C+and+cerebellum+of+the+rat.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BClausing%2C+P%3BBowyer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An approach to area sampling and analysis for total isocyanates in workplace air. AN - 69724806; 10222570 AB - An approach to sampling and analysis for total isocyanates (monomer plus any associated oligomers of a given isocyanate) in workplace air has been developed and evaluated. Based on a method developed by the Occupational Health Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Labour, Ontario, Canada, isocyanates present in air are derivatized with a fluorescent reagent, tryptamine, in an impinger and subsequently analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Excitation and emission wavelengths are set at 275 and 320 nm, respectively. A modification to the Ontario method was made in the replacement of the recommended impinger solvents (acetonitrile and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO has the advantages of being compatible with reversedphase HPLC and not evaporating during sampling, as do the more volatile solvents used in the Ontario method. DMSO also may dissolve aerosol particles more efficiently during sampling than relatively nonpolar solvents. Several formulations containing diisocyanate prepolymers have been tested with this method in the laboratory. This method has been issued as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 5522 in the first supplement to the fourth edition of the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. This method is recommended for area sampling only due to possible hazards from contact with DMSO solutions containing isocyanate derivatives. The limits of detection are 0.1 microgram/sample for 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 0.2 microgram/sample for 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 0.3 microgram/sample for methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate, and 0.2 microgram/sample for 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Key-Schwartz, R J AU - Tucker, S P AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 200 EP - 207 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Isocyanates KW - Solvents KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Calibration KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Workplace KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69724806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+approach+to+area+sampling+and+analysis+for+total+isocyanates+in+workplace+air.&rft.au=Key-Schwartz%2C+R+J%3BTucker%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Key-Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposures to lead-based paint dust in an inner-city high school. AN - 69724597; 10222569 AB - In response to concerns about lead-based paint (LBP) in an 85-year old high school, an evaluation was conducted to determine whether a lead exposure hazard existed for adult school staff. Deteriorating LBP was present on walls and ceilings throughout the school. At the time of the evaluation, abatement of LBP had been completed in approximately one-third of the school. One-hundred eighteen wipe samples for lead dust were collected from floors, teachers' desks, and interior window sills. Areas selected for sampling were based on the work location of the 45 participants providing blood for lead analysis. Wipe samples from hands were collected from all participants. The geometric means (GMs) for lead dust loadings on sills in unabated rooms (n = 23) and abated rooms (n = 16) were 342 and 102 micrograms/ft2, respectively. Nine sills in unabated rooms and one sill in an abated room exceeded the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines (500 micrograms/ft2 lead) for residential housing following abatement activity. GMs for lead loadings on floors in unabated rooms (n = 26) and abated rooms (n = 14) were 136 and 70 micrograms/ft2 lead, respectively. Seventeen floor samples from unabated rooms and 3 samples from abated rooms exceeded HUD guidelines (100 micrograms/ft2 lead). The GM blood lead level (BLL) was 2.2 micrograms/dL (range: 0.6-5.6 micrograms/dL), similar to that of the general U.S. population. Despite peeling LBP and significant lead dust loadings, a hazard from LBP was not found for staff at the school. There were no relationships between surface lead and hand lead, BLL and abatement status of assigned work area, or BLL and hand lead. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Decker, J A AU - Malkin, R AU - Kiefer, M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 191 EP - 194 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Schools KW - Faculty KW - Paint KW - Urban Population KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69724597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Exposures+to+lead-based+paint+dust+in+an+inner-city+high+school.&rft.au=Decker%2C+J+A%3BMalkin%2C+R%3BKiefer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boarder babies and placement in foster care. AN - 69709437; 10214550 AB - This article describes the early history of the "boarder baby" phenomenon through the late 1980s and early 1990s. The characteristics of the recent "boarder baby" population and of the problem are described with particular emphasis on the role of alcohol and drug abuse and the historical lack of coordination between hospitals and child welfare agencies. Three additional topics are discussed in depth: (1) policies around testing mother and infants, (2) the meaning and use of a positive toxicology screen for a newborn or birthing mother, and (3) the identification and characterization of the victim. Alternative solutions to the problem are discussed. JF - Clinics in perinatology AU - Maza, P L AD - Children's Bureau, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 201 EP - 11, ix VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0095-5108, 0095-5108 KW - Index Medicus KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Pregnancy Complications -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Adoption KW - Health Policy KW - Child Welfare KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Child Abuse KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Neonatal Screening KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Infant Care KW - Child, Abandoned KW - Foster Home Care KW - Hospitals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69709437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinics+in+perinatology&rft.atitle=Boarder+babies+and+placement+in+foster+care.&rft.au=Maza%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Maza&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinics+in+perinatology&rft.issn=00955108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity interactions of salicylic acid and radiofrequency radiation or 2-methoxyethanol in rats. AN - 69704984; 10213521 AB - Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces where workers are concurrently exposed to chemicals. Combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the synergistic effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are generalizable to other chemicals. Since salicylic acid (SA) is widely used as an analgesic and is teratogenic in animals, SA was selected to address generalizability. Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 250, or 350 mg/kg SA were administered by gavage on gestation Day 9 or 13 to rats. Concurrently rats given SA on Day 9 were exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degrees C for 60 min (or sham). Those given SA on Day 13 were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME (gavage). Dams were sacrificed on gestation Day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The data provide no evidence of synergistic interactions between RF radiation and salicylic acid (resorptions and malformations). Limited evidence of antagonism was observed between 2ME and salicylic acid (fetal weights). This investigation highlights the importance of additional research on interactions in developmental toxicology, and emphasizes the need to consider combined exposure effects when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Nelson, B K AU - Snyder, D L AU - Shaw, P B AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bkn1@cdc.gov PY - 1999 SP - 137 EP - 145 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - Teratogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Salicylic Acid KW - O414PZ4LPZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Fetal Resorption -- etiology KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Salicylic Acid -- toxicity KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Radio Waves -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69704984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+interactions+of+salicylic+acid+and+radiofrequency+radiation+or+2-methoxyethanol+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molar absorptivities of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in acetonitrile, methanol, and toluene-acetonitrile (9 + 1) (modification of AOAC Official Method 971.22): collaborative study. AN - 69676454; 10191531 AB - Four laboratories participated in a mini-collaborative study of AOAC Official Method 971.22, Standards for Aflatoxins, Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method, to extend the method to 3 replacement solvents for benzene for calibration of standard aflatoxin solutions. Triplicate test sample vials, each containing 25 micrograms of the respective aflatoxin for each of the 4 aflatoxins and for each of the solvents, were prepared and sent to each collaborator. The collaborators dissolved the aflatoxin in each vial in 2 mL solvent, measured the UV spectrum, and reported the absorptivity maxima near 350 nm. The concentrations of the aflatoxins in the test samples were determined by dissolving identical test samples in benzene-acetonitrile (98 + 2) and following the procedure described in AOAC Official Method 971.22. These concentrations were, in turn, used to determine the molar absorptivities in the other 3 solvents (see Table 1). AOAC Official Method 971.22 has been modified to extend its applicability to 3 replacement solvents for benzene for calibration of standard aflatoxin solutions. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Nesheim, S AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Page, S W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 251 EP - 258 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - Solutions KW - Solvents KW - aflatoxin G1 KW - 1DB78J7PUD KW - aflatoxin G2 KW - 2MS0D8WA29 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - aflatoxin B2 KW - 7SKR7S646P KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Absorption KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Aflatoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69676454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Molar+absorptivities+of+aflatoxins+B1%2C+B2%2C+G1%2C+and+G2+in+acetonitrile%2C+methanol%2C+and+toluene-acetonitrile+%289+%2B+1%29+%28modification+of+AOAC+Official+Method+971.22%29%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Nesheim%2C+S%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BPage%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Nesheim&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the DNA adducts formed by tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in vivo. AN - 69667895; 10190564 AB - Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women. Recent reports of DNA adducts in leukocyte and endometrial samples from women treated with tamoxifen suggest that it may be genotoxic to humans. One of the proposed pathways for the metabolic activation of tamoxifen involves oxidation to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which may be further oxidized to an electrophilic quinone methide. In the present study, we compared the extent of DNA adduct formation in female Sprague-Dawley rats treated by gavage with seven daily doses of 54 micromol/kg tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen and killed 24 h after the last dose. Liver weights and microsomal rates of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, 4-dimethylaminopyrine N-demethylation and p-nitrophenol oxidation were not altered by tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. Uterine weights were decreased significantly and uterine peroxidase activity was decreased marginally in treated as compared with control rats. DNA adducts were assayed by 32P-post-labeling in combination with HPLC. Two major DNA adducts were detected in liver DNA from rats administered tamoxifen. These adducts had retention times comparable with those obtained from in vitro reactions of alpha-acetoxytamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide with DNA. Hepatic DNA adduct levels in rats administered 4-hydroxytamoxifen did not differ from those observed in control rats. Likewise, adduct levels in uterus DNA from rats treated with tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen were not different from those detected in control rats. These data suggest that a metabolic pathway involving 4-hydroxytamoxifen is not a major pathway in the activation of tamoxifen to a DNA-binding derivative in Sprague-Dawley rats. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Beland, F A AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 471 EP - 477 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - afimoxifene KW - 17197F0KYM KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Uterus -- enzymology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Tamoxifen -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69667895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+DNA+adducts+formed+by+tamoxifen+and+4-hydroxytamoxifen+in+vivo.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safe and effective regulation of hematocrit by gene gun administration of an erythropoietin-encoding DNA plasmid. AN - 69646996; 10094209 AB - This work examines the effect of delivering a DNA plasmid encoding murine erythropoietin (pVRmEpo) to BALB/c mice by gene gun. Whereas intramuscular injection elicits a rise in hematocrit persisting >8 months, intradermal delivery triggers the dose-dependent secretion of biologically active erythropoietin (Epo) for approximately 1 month. Repeated administration of pVRmEpo by gene gun elicits a stable increase in hematocrit. The source of the Epo produced following gene gun delivery was analyzed by periodically grafting the site of injection onto naive recipients. Results indicate that both stationary cells (presumably keratinocytes) and migratory (presumably dendritic) cells were transfected and secreted biologically active Epo in vivo. Gene gun administration of plasmid DNA appears to be safe, and provides an additional strategy for achieving the regulated secretion of an exogenous gene product. JF - Human gene therapy AU - Klinman, D M AU - Conover, J AU - Leiden, J M AU - Rosenberg, A S AU - Sechler, J M AD - Retroviral Immunology Section, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. klinman@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 659 EP - 665 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Erythropoietin KW - 11096-26-7 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Anemia -- therapy KW - DNA -- administration & dosage KW - Hematocrit KW - Erythropoietin -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- administration & dosage KW - Biolistics -- standards KW - Biolistics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+gene+therapy&rft.atitle=Safe+and+effective+regulation+of+hematocrit+by+gene+gun+administration+of+an+erythropoietin-encoding+DNA+plasmid.&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BConover%2C+J%3BLeiden%2C+J+M%3BRosenberg%2C+A+S%3BSechler%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+gene+therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The national milk safety program and drug residues in milk. AN - 69646443; 10088212 AB - There are a number of factors that must be considered in any attempt to control animal drug residues in milk and milk products. Dairy herds vary greatly in number of cows. Milk from individual cows and farms is pooled, diluting drug residues that may be present in the milk from a single treated cow. Management techniques, including the handling, administration, and record keeping of animal drugs, vary greatly from one dairy to another. It is important that both veterinarians and nonveterinarians adhere to adequate milk discard times for animal drugs used to treat dairy animals. Observance of appropriate safeguards at the farm level, such as record keeping and clearly identifying treated animals, is critical for controlling and preventing the presence of illegal animal drug residues. Within the framework of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act, the FDA is working with state and other regulatory agencies and industry to better ensure the absence of illegal animal drug residues in milk and milk products. Preventive measures concentrate on minimizing the need to administer animal drugs to lactating cows, and diverting milk containing drug residues from the human food supply. Monitoring programs concentrate on screening milk and tracing violations to the individual producer. Minimizing illegal drug residues in milk and milk products requires close cooperation between farmers, veterinarians, the dairy industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulators. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Talley, M R AD - Office of Surveillance and Compliance, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 63 EP - 73 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Legislation, Food KW - Milk -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Residues UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=The+national+milk+safety+program+and+drug+residues+in+milk.&rft.au=Talley%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Talley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date crea