TY - JOUR T1 - Dog bites: how big a problem? AN - 78755272; 9346056 AB - To estimate the magnitude of the dog bite problem in the US. Data on dog bites were gathered as part of a 1994 national telephone survey of 5,238 randomly dialed households. Data were weighted to provide national estimates. The weighted total number of dog bites was 4,494,083 (estimated incidence = 18/1,000 population); of these, 756,701 persons sustained bites necessitating medical attention (incidence rate = 3/1,000). Children had 3.2 times higher medically attended bite rates than adults (6.4/1,000 children v 2/1,000 adults). More attention and research needs to be devoted to the prevention of dog bites. Potential prevention strategies include: educational programs on canine behavior, especially directed at children; laws for regulating dangerous or vicious dogs; enhanced animal control programs; and educational programs regarding responsible dog ownership and training. Unfortunately, the relative or absolute effectiveness of any of these strategies has not been assessed. Continuing surveillance for dog bites will be needed if we are to better understand how to reduce the incidence of dog bites and evaluate prevention efforts. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Sacks, J J AU - Kresnow, M AU - Houston, B AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 52 EP - 54 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Dogs KW - Accident Prevention KW - Bites and Stings -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78755272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Dog+bites%3A+how+big+a+problem%3F&rft.au=Sacks%2C+J+J%3BKresnow%2C+M%3BHouston%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Apr 15;204(8):1166-7 [8014085] Public Health Rep. 1974 Jul-Aug;89(4):377-81 [4210544] JACEP. 1979 Apr;8(4):134-41 [430939] JAMA. 1984 Jun 22-29;251(24):3265-7 [6727001] Public Health Rep. 1985 May-Jun;100(3):315-21 [3923540] JAMA. 1989 Sep 15;262(11):1489-92 [2769900] J R Soc Health. 1991 Dec;111(6):224-5 [1791596] Accid Anal Prev. 1992 Dec;24(6):685-7 [1388588] Eur J Epidemiol. 1992 Jul;8(4):619-24 [1397233] Bull World Health Organ. 1993;71(5):615-24 [8261565] Pediatrics. 1994 Jun;93(6 Pt 1):913-7 [8190576] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate air pollution and respiratory disease in Anchorage, Alaska. AN - 78540327; 8919767 AB - This paper examines the associations between average daily particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and temperature with daily outpatient visits for respiratory disease including asthma, bronchitis, and upper respiratory illness in Anchorage, Alaska, where there are few industrial sources of air pollution. In Anchorage, PM10 is composed primarily of earth crustal material and volcanic ash. Carbon monoxide is measured only during the winter months. The number of outpatients visits for respiratory diagnoses during the period 1 May 1992 to 1 March 1994 were derived from medical insurance claims for state and municipal employees and their dependents covered by Aetna insurance. The data were filtered to reduce seasonal trends and serial autocorrelation and adjusted for day of the week. The results show that an increase of 10 micrograms/m3 in PM10 resulted in a 3-6% increase in visits for asthma and a 1-3% increase in visits for upper respiratory diseases. Winter CO concentrations were significantly associated with bronchitis and upper respiratory illness, but not with asthma. Winter CO was highly correlated with automobile exhaust emissions. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies of particulate pollution in other urban areas and provide evidence that the coarse fraction of PM10 may affect the health of working people. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Gordian, M E AU - Ozkaynak, H AU - Xue, J AU - Morris, S S AU - Spengler, J D AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Municipality of Anchorage, AK 99519-6650, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 290 EP - 297 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ambulatory Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Temperature KW - Carbon Monoxide -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- etiology KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78540327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Particulate+air+pollution+and+respiratory+disease+in+Anchorage%2C+Alaska.&rft.au=Gordian%2C+M+E%3BOzkaynak%2C+H%3BXue%2C+J%3BMorris%2C+S+S%3BSpengler%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Gordian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Risk Anal. 1987 Dec;7(4):449-61 [3444932] Am J Public Health. 1995 Oct;85(10):1361-5 [7573618] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Sep;144(3 Pt 1):668-74 [1892309] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 May;145(5):1123-8 [1586057] Environ Res. 1992 Dec;59(2):362-73 [1464289] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Apr;147(4):826-31 [8466116] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1287-301 [8333411] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Mar 15;139(6):589-98 [8172170] Arch Environ Health. 1994 May-Jun;49(3):170-4 [8185387] Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32 [8054077] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Sep;150(3):648-55 [8087333] Arch Environ Health. 1994 Sep-Oct;49(5):366-74 [7944569] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):669-74 [7881654] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Mar;103(3):286-9 [7768231] Environ Res. 1991 Apr;54(2):99-120 [2029880] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Robotic automated analysis of foods for aflatoxin. AN - 78532842; 8920133 AB - Immunoaffinity column-based sample preparation procedures for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in several food matrixes and aflatoxin M1 in milk have been automated by using flexible automation, or robotics. Components used to assemble the system were purchased commercially or developed and built in-house. A liquid-level sensor developed in-house to assist elution of the immunoaffinity column is described. After immunoaffinity column cleanup, aflatoxins are separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and determined by fluorescence without derivatization. Mean recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, and G1 added to corn and nuts at 9-36 ng/g total aflatoxins were > 85% (coefficient of variation [CV] = 16%). Recoveries of aflatoxin G2 averaged 50% (CV = 28%). Recoveries of aflatoxin M1 added to milk at 0.12-0.50 ng/mL averaged 78% (CV = 19%). The ability of the automated system to reproduce its results is demonstrated by the fact that the CV of replicate assays is generally better than 10%. Comparability between the automated procedure and the AOAC official method is demonstrated. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Carman, A S AU - Kuan, S S AU - Ware, G M AU - Umrigar, P P AU - Miller, K V AU - Guerrero, H G AD - Natural Toxins Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New Orleans, LA 70122-3896, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 456 EP - 464 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Quality Control KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Robotics KW - Food Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78532842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Robotic+automated+analysis+of+foods+for+aflatoxin.&rft.au=Carman%2C+A+S%3BKuan%2C+S+S%3BWare%2C+G+M%3BUmrigar%2C+P+P%3BMiller%2C+K+V%3BGuerrero%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro anticryptosporidial activity of dinitroaniline herbicides. AN - 78434454; 8867379 AB - Despite the evaluation of over 100 antimicrobial drugs, the diarrheal disease cryptosporidiosis has remained refractory to treatment. We report the evaluation of five dinitroaniline herbicides including trifluralin, profluralin, nitralin, pendimethalin, and fluchloralin for anticryptosporidial activity in an in vitro cultivation model of Cryptosporidium parvum. All five compounds exhibited significant anticryptosporidial activities with no corresponding evidence of toxicity. The most active compound was pendimethalin with an IC50 of 0.19 microM while nitralin was the least active with an IC50 of 4.5 microM. These compounds should be evaluated further in an animal model of cryptosporidiosis. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Arrowood, M J AU - Mead, J R AU - Xie, L AU - You, X AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. mja0/ciddpd2.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/03/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Mar 01 SP - 245 EP - 249 VL - 136 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Herbicides KW - Indoles KW - Lactones KW - Nitro Compounds KW - profluralin KW - 36W2L722UX KW - DAPI KW - 47165-04-8 KW - maduramicin KW - 5U912U22T2 KW - fluchloralin KW - 98UIF19AH9 KW - Trifluralin KW - C8BX46QL7K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kidney Tubules, Distal -- cytology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Lactones -- pharmacology KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Cattle KW - Cell Line -- parasitology KW - Feces -- parasitology KW - Dogs KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Trifluralin -- pharmacology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Trifluralin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78434454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=In+vitro+anticryptosporidial+activity+of+dinitroaniline+herbicides.&rft.au=Arrowood%2C+M+J%3BMead%2C+J+R%3BXie%2C+L%3BYou%2C+X&rft.aulast=Arrowood&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)-DNA adduct formation in rat liver and human uroepithelial cells by the 32P postlabeling assay. AN - 78387719; 8812257 AB - The probable human carcinogen 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) was utilized to develop biomarkers of exposure to occupational carcinogens. The 32P postlabeling assay, utilizing the nuclease P1 enhancement procedure, was used to evaluate MOCA-DNA adduct formation in target tissues. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with different dosing regimens of MOCA, and DNA was isolated from the liver. Additionally, a human uroepithelial cell (HUC) line was treated with N-hydroxy-MOCA for 24 hr, cells were harvested, and DNA was isolated. DNA was analyzed for MOCA-DNA adduct formation by the 32P postlabeling assay. Five MOCA adducts were detected in rat liver DNA. Adduct A, which corresponded to N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-amino-3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, was the major adduct in rat liver DNA appearing in all treatment groups. Levels of adduct A were higher when MOCA was administered by ip injection versus oral gavage. Phenobarbital pretreatment increased the amount of adduct A approximately 12-fold. The pathway leading to the formation of adduct A in DNA from HUC appeared to be saturated at the concentrations used: 2.5, 5, and 10 microM. However, an additional adduct (E) was observed at the 10 microM treatment level only. A major DNA adduct was detected in the target tissue of rats and target human cells for MOCA-induced carcinogenesis, thus making it useful as a biomarker of exposure. Other DNA adducts were also observed with the different doses and routes of exposure investigated. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - DeBord, D G AU - Cheever, K L AU - Werren, D M AU - Reid, T M AU - Swearengin, T F AU - Savage, R E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 138 EP - 144 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Urinary Tract -- drug effects KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Mitotic Index -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78387719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+4%2C4%27-methylene-bis%282-chloroaniline%29-DNA+adduct+formation+in+rat+liver+and+human+uroepithelial+cells+by+the+32P+postlabeling+assay.&rft.au=DeBord%2C+D+G%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BWerren%2C+D+M%3BReid%2C+T+M%3BSwearengin%2C+T+F%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=DeBord&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of low red or white blood cell count related to estimated benzene exposure in a rubberworker cohort (1940-1975) AN - 78382156; 8833777 AB - This study evaluated the relationship between benzene exposure and low white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts. Hematologic screening data collected over a 35 year period at a rubber hydrochloride manufacturing plant were analyzed; an increased risk of leukemia had been demonstrated previously among workers at the plant [Infante et al. (1977).' Lancet 2:76-78; Rinsky et al. (1981): Am J Ind Med 2:217-45 (1987): NEJM 316:1044-1050/. Hematologic screening data were available for 657 of 1,037 (63.3%) individuals employed at the plant from 1939 through 1976. There was a total of 21. 710 blood test records (range per individual 1-354). The study utilized a case-control design and estimated benzene exposures using the job exposure matrix developed by Rinsky et al. (1987): NEJM 316:1044-1050]. The effects of benzene exposure in the 30, 90, and 180 days before the blood test date, as well as cumulative exposure up until the blood test date, were examined using conditional logistic regression. For WBCs there was a strong exposure response and all of the exposure metrics selected showed a significant relationship with low blood count. For RBCs there was a weak positive exposure-response, which was significant (p = 0.03) for one of the dose metrics. The finding of an exposure-response relationship in the range of exposures represented in this study, where the maximum daily benzene exposure estimate was 34 ppm, is consistent with findings of several animal studies demonstrating a decrease in peripheral lymphocyte counts at benzene exposures as low as 10 ppm, and a stronger effect of benzene exposure on lymphocytes (as reflected in total WBC count) than on red cells. There was no evidence for a threshold for the hematologic effects of benzene exposure, suggesting that even exposure to relatively low levels of benzene (e.g., <5 ppm) may result in hematologic suppression. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ward, E AU - Hornung, R AU - Morris, J AU - Rinsky, R AU - Wild, D AU - Halperin, W AU - Guthrie, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 247 EP - 257 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Logistic Models KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hematologic Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Leukocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Erythrocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Hematologic Diseases -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Chemical Industry KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78382156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+of+low+red+or+white+blood+cell+count+related+to+estimated+benzene+exposure+in+a+rubberworker+cohort+%281940-1975%29&rft.au=Ward%2C+E%3BHornung%2C+R%3BMorris%2C+J%3BRinsky%2C+R%3BWild%2C+D%3BHalperin%2C+W%3BGuthrie%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 1996 Mar;29(3):225-6 [8833774] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shift work, shift change, and risk of death from heart disease at work. AN - 78381629; 8833781 AB - Some epidemiologic studies suggest workers who rotate shift are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but no studies have studied the effect of shift workers who do not rotate. To determine whether current shift or recent change in shift was a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, we conducted a nested case-control study of heart disease death at work within a cohort of 21,000 men working at four heavy equipment plants. We identified 163 men who died of ischemic heart disease at work or within 1 week of working, and compared them 781 controls who were working at the same age but did not die. Plant personnel records were used to determine duration of time on current shift. At the time of case death, 72% of study subjects were working on first shift, 22% on second, and 6% on third. The average time on shift without change was 9 years. There was little evidence of any difference in heart disease risk by current shift. There was some indication that recent change from afternoon or night shift to day shift had a protective effect initially, which decreased over time. On the other hand, no corresponding negative effect was found for a change from first to second/third shift, regardless of when the change took place. Our analyses were limited by the small number of workers on the third shift. We consider our analysis to be exploratory, and encourage more research on this topic in other working populations. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Fine, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 278 EP - 281 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- etiology KW - Work Schedule Tolerance -- physiology KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- mortality KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78381629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Shift+work%2C+shift+change%2C+and+risk+of+death+from+heart+disease+at+work.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BFine%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An experimental design approach to retrospective exposure assessment. AN - 78288179; 8776195 AB - There are several methods currently in use for retrospective estimation of quantitative exposure levels in occupational and environmental epidemiologic studies. The most popular is a job-exposure matrix approach using a combination of existing data and professional judgment. Another method is the use of statistical models based on available exposure data. The authors present an alternative approach using an experimental design in which several factors thought to affect exposure levels are identified and set at specific levels in a cross-classified design. This approach was used to estimate historical exposures to formaldehyde in a mortality study of embalmers. Exposures were estimated as a function of solution concentration, air exchange rate, and autopsied versus intact body. There were 12 combinations involving these 3 factors and a total of 25 embalming procedures (approximately 2 replicates of each combination) performed at a college of mortuary science. In addition to these design factors several covariates such as temperature, humidity, and the occurrence of spills were considered in an analysis of covariance statistical model. The results of the model prediction were validated against published measurements, and field samples were taken in several funeral homes. The overall accuracy of the model predictions was comparable to the variation found in replicate measurements of identical embalming procedures. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Hornung, R W AU - Herrick, R F AU - Stewart, P A AU - Utterback, D F AU - Feigley, C E AU - Wall, D K AU - Douthit, D E AU - Hayes, R B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 251 EP - 256 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Research Design KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Embalming KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78288179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Clostridium+botulinum+vegetables+packaged+under+vacuum+or+modified+atmosphere&rft.au=Lilly%2C+T+Jr%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone densitometry: patients with end-stage renal disease. AN - 78162928; 8722234 AB - Bone mass loss and osteoporosis are associated with various conditions, such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and treatments, such as prolonged steroid therapy. Bone densitometry is used to measure bone mass density to determine the degree of osteoporosis and to estimate fracture risk. Bone densitometers measure the radiation absorption by the skeleton to determine bone mass of the peripheral, axial, and total skeleton. Common techniques include single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the forearm and heel, dual-photon (DPA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the spine or forearm, and radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the hand. Part I of this report addresses important technical considerations of bone densitometers, including radiation dose, site selection, and accuracy and precision, as well as cost and charges. Part II evaluates the clinical utility of bone densitometry in the management of patients with ESRD. End-stage renal disease affected more than 242,000 Americans in 1992, and each year 10,000 to 20,000 new cases are diagnosed. Although the survival rate of ESRD patients has improved, metabolic bone diseases that fall under the generic term "renal osteodystrophy" represent abnormal development of bone and major long-term complications. Issues addressed are the type and extent of bone loss associated with ESRD and whether these patients have an increased risk for fracture. The other assessments in this series address the clinical utility of bone densitometry for patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, steroid-dependent patients, estrogen-deficient women, and patients with vertebral abnormalities. JF - Health technology assessment AU - Erlichman, M AU - Holohan, T V AD - Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 1 EP - 27 IS - 8 KW - Steroids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Steroids -- adverse effects KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Bone Diseases, Metabolic -- diagnostic imaging KW - Hyperparathyroidism -- diagnostic imaging KW - Humans KW - Steroids -- administration & dosage KW - Bone and Bones -- diagnostic imaging KW - Fractures, Spontaneous -- diagnostic imaging KW - Bone Diseases, Metabolic -- economics KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- diagnostic imaging KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- economics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Fractures, Spontaneous -- economics KW - Long-Term Care KW - Female KW - Hyperparathyroidism -- economics KW - Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder -- economics KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- economics KW - Technology Assessment, Biomedical KW - Bone Density -- physiology KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- instrumentation KW - Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder -- diagnostic imaging KW - Osteoporosis -- economics KW - Osteoporosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- diagnostic imaging KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78162928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+technology+assessment&rft.atitle=Bone+densitometry%3A+patients+with+end-stage+renal+disease.&rft.au=Erlichman%2C+M%3BHolohan%2C+T+V&rft.aulast=Erlichman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+technology+assessment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response to Monro and Mehta proposal for use of single-dose toxicology studies to support single-dose studies of new drugs in humans. AN - 78049796; 8653988 JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Choudary, J AU - Contrera, J F AU - DeFelice, A AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Farrelly, J G AU - Fitzgerald, G AU - Goheer, M A AU - Jacobs, A AU - Jordan, A AU - Meyers, L AU - Osterberg, R AU - Resnick, C AU - Sun, C J AU - Temple, R J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 265 EP - 267 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78049796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Response+to+Monro+and+Mehta+proposal+for+use+of+single-dose+toxicology+studies+to+support+single-dose+studies+of+new+drugs+in+humans.&rft.au=Choudary%2C+J%3BContrera%2C+J+F%3BDeFelice%2C+A%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BFarrelly%2C+J+G%3BFitzgerald%2C+G%3BGoheer%2C+M+A%3BJacobs%2C+A%3BJordan%2C+A%3BMeyers%2C+L%3BOsterberg%2C+R%3BResnick%2C+C%3BSun%2C+C+J%3BTemple%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Choudary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Mar;59(3):258-64 [8653987] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of serum lipid concentrations among U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 78048775; 8638959 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters lipid metabolism in animals; however, evidence for such an effect in humans is conflicting. This conflict was addressed using data from a cross-sectional medical study conducted between 1987 and 1988. The exposed participants had been employed at least 15 y earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two chemical plants in the United States. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. Workers had substantial exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, evidenced by a median serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration of 406.6 femtograms/gram of serum (fg/g serum), compared with 36.9 fg/g serum among the referents. A slight association between triglyceride concentration and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration was found (p = .05). Over the range of observed 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin values (i.e., 37-19000 fg/g serum), triglyceride concentration increased only about 0.4 mmol/I. No association was found between an abnormally elevated triglyceride (i.e., > 2.82 mmol/I) concentration and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration. An association was also found between serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration and an abnormal high-density lipoprotein concentration (p = .09). in summary, there was evidence of an effect on lipid metabolism in a group of workers with high serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentrations. The influence of serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on lipid concentrations, however, was small, compared with the influence of other factors. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Calvert, G M AU - Willie, K K AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Halperin, W E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 100 EP - 107 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78048775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+serum+lipid+concentrations+among+U.S.+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BWillie%2C+K+K%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the cell cycle regulated synthesis and phosphorylation of stress proteins, actin isoforms and a novel actin-like protein following drug administration in cultured rat lymphocytes. AN - 78013288; 8829805 AB - Administration of phytohemagglutinin initiated cycling of rat lymphocytes in vitro, and following treatment with this drug and other drugs in combination, lymphocytes were pulse labeled with [3H] leucine of [32P] phosphate. The nuclei were isolated from lymphocytes and collected from partitions of the cell cycle, and the proteins analyzed from fluorographs following gel electrophoresis for protein biomarkers after drug exposure. Stress proteins (sps) were dependent on a specific drug or drugs in combination (i.e., interleukin-2, bleomycin) for their synthesis that occurred only during the G1-phase of the cell cycle. An "actin-like" protein (A4) with electrophoretic mobilities similar to the actin complex, was synthesized in S and G2 phases and phosphorylated in all phases of the cell cycle only following the administration of drugs in combination. A4 exhibited a binding affinity for sp 24 that was cell cycle regulated (i.e., A4 from S phase did not bind with sp 24, but A4 from G2 phase did bind with the sp. Protein A4 appeared similar in some structural aspects to the nonmuscular actin isoform family but differed in epitope, suggesting a unique relationship and represented a stable protein, perhaps a product from the mutation of an actin gene. The dependence of certain sps and protein A4 for their induction by drugs in combination may serve as biomarkers of chemical interaction and toxicity. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology AU - Pipkin, J L AU - Hinson, W G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AU - Feuers, R J AU - Anson, J F AU - Casciano, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 549 EP - 559 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 1096-4959, 1096-4959 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Phosphates KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Leucine KW - GMW67QNF9C KW - Index Medicus KW - Bleomycin -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- isolation & purification KW - Phytohemagglutinins -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Phosphates -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Leucine -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Actins -- isolation & purification KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Actins -- biosynthesis KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78013288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+B%2C+Biochemistry+%26+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+cell+cycle+regulated+synthesis+and+phosphorylation+of+stress+proteins%2C+actin+isoforms+and+a+novel+actin-like+protein+following+drug+administration+in+cultured+rat+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Pipkin%2C+J+L%3BHinson%2C+W+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BAnson%2C+J+F%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Pipkin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+B%2C+Biochemistry+%26+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10964959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of biomarkers to investigate occupational and environmental lung disorders. AN - 77970452; 8598169 JF - Chest AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati OH, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 9S EP - 12S VL - 109 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Occupational Diseases -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- metabolism KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Biomarkers -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77970452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Use+of+biomarkers+to+investigate+occupational+and+environmental+lung+disorders.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=9S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The road to embryologically based dose-response models. AN - 36357778; 201002-31-0247390 (CE); 11701734 (EN) AB - The goal of researchers working in the area of developmental toxicology is to prevent adverse reproductive outcomes (early pregnancy loss, birth defects, reduced birth weight, and altered functional development) in humans due to exposures to environmental contaminants, therapeutic drugs, and other factors. To best achieve that goal, it is important that relevant information be gathered and assimilated in the risk assessment process. One of the major challenges of improved risk assessment is to better use all pertinent biological and mechanistic information. This may be done qualitatively (e.g., demonstrating that the experimental model is not appropriate for extrapolation purposes); semiquantitatively (using information to reduce the degree of uncertainty present under default extrapolation procedures), or quantitatively (formally describing the relationships between exposure and adverse outcome in mathematical forms, including components that directly reflect individual steps in the overall progression of toxicity). In this paper we review the recent advances in the risk assessment process for developmental toxicants and hypothesize on future directions that may revolutionize our thinking in this area. The road to these changes sometimes appears to be a well-mapped course on a relatively smooth surface; at other times the path is bumpy and obscure, while at still other times it is only a wish in the eye of the engineer to cross an uncharted and rugged environment. Images Figure 11. A Figure 11. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Setzer, R W AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. kavlock@herl45.herl.epa.gov PY - 1996 SP - 107 EP - 121 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Risk assessment KW - Images KW - Roads KW - Extrapolation KW - Exposure KW - Toxicity KW - Weight reduction KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+road+to+embryologically+based+dose-response+models.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BSetzer%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology of chlorofluorocarbon replacements. AN - 36357138; 201002-31-0247386 (CE); 11701730 (EN) AB - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are stable in the atmosphere and may reach the stratosphere. They are cleaved by UV-radiation in the stratosphere to yield chlorine radicals, which are thought to interfere with the catalytic cycle of ozone formation and destruction and deplete stratospheric ozone concentrations. Due to potential adverse health effects of ozone depletion, chlorofluorocarbon replacements with much lower or absent ozone depleting potential are developed. The toxicology of these compounds that represent chlorofluorohydrocarbons (HCFCs) or fluorohydrocarbons (HFCs) has been intensively studied. All compounds investigated (1, 1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane [HCFC-141b], 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane [HFC-134a], pentafluoroethane [HFC-125], 1-chloro- 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane [HCFC-124], and 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [HCFC-123]) show only a low potential for skin and eye irritation. Chronic adverse effects on the liver (HCFC-123) and the testes (HCFC-141b and HCFC-134a), including tumor formation, were observed in long-term inhalation studies in rodents using very high concentrations of these CFC replacements. All CFC replacements are, to varying extents, biotransformed in the organism, mainly by cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of C-H bonds. The formed acyl halides are hydrolyzed to give excretable carboxylic acids; halogenated aldehydes that are formed may be further oxidized to halogenated carboxylic acids or reduced to halogenated alcohols, which are excretory metabolites in urine from rodents exposed experimentally to CFC replacements. The chronic toxicity of the CFC replacements studied is unlikely to be of relevance for humans exposed during production and application of CFC replacements. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dekant, W AD - Department of Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Germany. dekant@toxi.uni-wuerzbur.de PY - 1996 SP - 75 EP - 83 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Chlorofluorocarbons KW - Ozone KW - Halogenated KW - Stratosphere KW - Depletion KW - Exposure KW - Toxicology KW - Rodents KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicology+of+chlorofluorocarbon+replacements.&rft.au=Dekant%2C+W&rft.aulast=Dekant&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: the rainbow trout. AN - 36344249; 201002-31-0247388 (CE); 11701732 (EN) AB - Progress over the past 30 years has revealed many strengths of the rainbow trout as an alternative model for environmental carcinogenesis research. These include low rearing costs, an early life-stage ultrasensitive bioassay, sensitivity to many classes of carcinogen, a well-described tumor pathology, responsiveness to tumor promoters and inhibitors, and a mechanistically informative nonmammalian comparative status. Low-cost husbandry, for example, has permitted statistically challenging tumor study designs with up to 10,000 trout to investigate the quantitative interrelationships among carcinogen dose, anticarcinogen dose, DNA adduct formation, and final tumor outcome. The basic elements of the trout carcinogen bioassay include multiple exposure routes, carcinogen response, husbandry requirements, and pathology. The principal known neoplasms occur in liver (mixed hepatocellular/cholangiocellular adenoma and carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma), kidney (nephroblastoma), swim bladder (adenopapilloma), and stomach (adenopapilloma). Trout possess a complex but incompletely characterized array of cytochromes P450, transferases, and other enzymic systems for phase I and phase II procarcinogen metabolism. In general, trout exhibit only limited capacity for DNA repair, especially for removal of bulky DNA adducts. This factor, together with a high capacity for P450 bioactivation and negligible glutathione transferase-mediated detoxication of the epoxide, accounts for the exceptional sensitivity of trout to aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis. At the gene level, all trout tumors except nephroblastoma exhibit variable and often high incidences of oncogenic Ki-ras gene mutations. Mutations in the trout p53 tumor suppressor gene have yet to be described. There are many aspects of the trout model, especially the lack of complete organ homology, that limit its application as a surrogate for human cancer research. Within these limitations, however, it is apparent that trout and other fish models can serve as highly useful adjuncts to conventional rodent models in the study of environmental carcinogenesis and its modulation. For some problems, fish models can provide wholly unique approaches. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bailey, G S AU - Williams, D E AU - Hendricks, J D AD - Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA. baileyg@bcc.orst.edu PY - 1996 SP - 5 EP - 21 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Trout KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumors KW - Genes KW - Inhibitors KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Fish KW - Rainbows KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Fish+models+for+environmental+carcinogenesis%3A+the+rainbow+trout.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+G+S%3BWilliams%2C+D+E%3BHendricks%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unraveling the chronic toxicity of lead: an essential priority for environmental health. AN - 36337416; 201002-31-0247389 (CE); 11701733 (EN) AB - Although population exposure to lead has declined, chronic lead toxicity remains a major public health problem in the United States affecting millions of children and adults. Important gaps exist in knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic lead intoxication. These gaps have impeded development of control strategies. To close current gaps in knowledge of chronic lead toxicity, we propose an integrated, multidisciplinary, marker-based research program. This program combines a) direct measurement of individual lead burden by 109Cd X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in bone, b) determination of ALA-D phenotype, an index of individual susceptibility to lead, and c) assessments of subclinical injury produced by lead in the kidneys, nervous system and, reproductive organs. Data from this research will provide answers to questions of great public health importance: a) Are current environmental and occupational standards adequate to prevent chronic lead intoxication? b) is lead mobilized from the skeleton during pregnancy or lactation to cause fetal toxicity? c) Is lead mobilized from bone during menopause to cause neurotoxicity? d) What is the significance of genetic variation in determining susceptibility to lead? e) What is the contribution of lead to hypertension, renal disease, chronic neurodegenerative disease or declining sperm counts? f) Is chelation therapy effective in reducing body lead burden in persons with chronic overexposure to lead? JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Todd, A C AU - Wetmur, J G AU - Moline, J M AU - Godbold, J H AU - Levin, S M AU - Landrigan, P J AD - Environmental Health Sciences Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 141 EP - 146 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Toxicity KW - Standards KW - Gaps KW - Bones KW - Intoxication KW - Health KW - C (programming language) KW - Public health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+chronic+toxicity+of+lead%3A+an+essential+priority+for+environmental+health.&rft.au=Todd%2C+A+C%3BWetmur%2C+J+G%3BMoline%2C+J+M%3BGodbold%2C+J+H%3BLevin%2C+S+M%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarker research in neurotoxicology: the role of mechanistic studies to bridge the gap between the laboratory and epidemiological investigations. AN - 36313782; 201002-31-0247387 (CE); 11701731 (EN) AB - There is an increasing interest in the development and validation of biomarkers for use in biochemical/molecular epidemiological studies. Though the area of neurotoxicology has received much attention in the past several years, it still lags behind with regard to the development of biomarkers, particularly those of health effects and susceptibility. This review discusses several aspects of biomarker research as it relates to neurotoxic compounds and focuses on selected agents (organophosphorus insecticides, styrene, n-hexane, carbon disulfide, acrylamide), which have been the subject of a number of investigations in animals and humans. While traditional biomonitoring approaches and novel techniques (e.g., hemoglobin adducts) provide several measurements for monitoring exposure to neurotoxic chemicals, potential markers of genetic susceptibility have been seldom investigated in a neurotoxicology context. Furthermore, the complexity of the nervous system, together with the multiplicity of end points and the limited knowledge of the exact mechanism(s) of action of neurotoxicants, has led to only limited advancements in the development of biomarkers for neurotoxic effects. Significant progress in this area will depend upon an increased understanding of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular targets directly involved in neurotoxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Costa, L G AD - Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 55 EP - 67 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Biochemistry KW - Epidemiology KW - Health KW - Nervous system KW - Genetics KW - Markers KW - Monitoring KW - Hemoglobin KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36313782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomarker+research+in+neurotoxicology%3A+the+role+of+mechanistic+studies+to+bridge+the+gap+between+the+laboratory+and+epidemiological+investigations.&rft.au=Costa%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrous oxide control in the dental operatory: Auxiliary exhaust and mask leakage, design, and scavenging flow rate as factors AN - 15849314; 4015583 AB - Two new local exhaust systems, intended primarily to control patient mouth emissions of N sub(2)O, were installed in a dental operatory, and resulting exposure concentrations to dental personnel were observed. The exposures were found to be typically unaffected by the presence and operation of these new controls. Laboratory testing on a head form, in conjunction with the operatory observations, established that mask leakage due to poor fit was the primary cause of N sub(2)O emissions. An improved mask fit and the addition of a slotted skirt around the outer mask shell individually resulted in greatly leakage rates in the laboratory tests. Also, exhaust systems placed on the chin, on the chest, or in the mouth proved effective in capturing mouth emissions simulated by a breathing machine and head form. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Crouch, K G AU - Johnston, O E AD - US Dep. Health and Hum. Serv., Public Health Serv., Cent. Dis. Contr. and Prev., NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Mailstop R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - Mar 1996 SP - 272 EP - 278 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - dentistry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - nitrous oxide KW - medical personnel KW - protective clothing KW - emission control KW - occupational exposure KW - H SM3.13:INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND CONTROLS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15849314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+control+in+the+dental+operatory%3A+Auxiliary+exhaust+and+mask+leakage%2C+design%2C+and+scavenging+flow+rate+as+factors&rft.au=Crouch%2C+K+G%3BJohnston%2C+O+E&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nitrous oxide; medical personnel; occupational exposure; emission control; protective clothing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of etheno and oxoethyl adducts in liver DNA from rats exposed subchronically to urethane in drinking water and ethanol. AN - 77997007; 8620436 AB - Exposure of Fisher-344 male rats to 10 000 ppm of urethane in drinking water for up to 90 days or in 5% ethanol for up to 14 days caused the formation of 7-[2'-oxoethyl]guanine (OEG) and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilon A) in liver DNA. Mild-acid DNA hydrolysates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and fluorometry. The identification of OEG and epsilon A was confirmed by coelution with the authentic standards. Forty and 67% of rats showed OEG and epsilon A adducts at 2 and 90 days of treatment with urethane in drinking water, respectively. In comparison, only 0 and 10% of rats showed adducts at 2 and 14 days of treatment with urethane in 5% ethanol, respectively. Neither OEG nor epsilon A was observed in control rats receiving water or 5% ethanol. Although these data are still preliminary, they appear to suggest that ethanol may inhibit formation of DNA adducts by urethane. Studies designed to produce more conclusive information about the role of ethanol in modifying DNA damage induced by urethane in vivo are in progress. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Washington, M C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/27/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 27 SP - 155 EP - 161 VL - 100 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine KW - 39007-51-7 KW - Urethane KW - 3IN71E75Z5 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - 7-N-(2-oxoethyl)guanine KW - 73100-87-5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Water Supply KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Adenosine -- biosynthesis KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Urethane -- toxicity KW - Guanine -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77997007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Formation+of+etheno+and+oxoethyl+adducts+in+liver+DNA+from+rats+exposed+subchronically+to+urethane+in+drinking+water+and+ethanol.&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BWashington%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-27&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of sarin in rats and rabbits. AN - 77990105; 8604149 AB - Sarin (Agent GB, isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. Sarin (Type I or Type II) was administered by gavage to CD rats on d 6-15 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 100, 240, or 380 micrograms/kg/d and to New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits on d 6-19 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d. Females were weighed on gestational days (GD) 0, 6-16 for rats and 6-20 for rabbits, and immediately prior to termination (GD 20 for rats and GD 29 for rabbits). All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs of toxicity throughout dosing and until sacrifice. At necropsy, gravid uteri were weighed and examined for the number and status of implants (live, resorbed, or dead). Individual fetal body weight, malformations, and variations (external, visceral, and skeletal) were recorded. Rat and rabbit dams in the high-dose groups exhibited significant signs of maternal toxicity and increased maternal mortality. Examination of gravid uteri revealed no statistical differences among treatment groups in the incidence of resorptions or of dead or malformed fetuses, or in average body weight of live fetuses per litter. These results show no evidence or developmental toxicity in the CD rat or NZW rabbit following exposure to either Type I or Type II sarin during embryonic differentiation and major organogenesis, even at a dose that produced maternal toxicity. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Bates, H K AU - Dacre, J C AU - Young, J F AD - Division of Reproductive and Development Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 23 SP - 249 EP - 265 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Sarin KW - B4XG72QGFM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Viscera -- embryology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Rabbits KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Sarin -- administration & dosage KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Sarin -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77990105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+sarin+in+rats+and+rabbits.&rft.au=LaBorde%2C+J+B%3BBates%2C+H+K%3BDacre%2C+J+C%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=LaBorde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-23&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Mental, Emotional and Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Factsheet. AN - 62245502; ED461220 AB - This factsheet describes the different mental, emotional, and behavior problems that can occur during childhood and adolescence. The incidence and symptoms of the following disorders are discussed: (1) anxiety disorders (including phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder); (2) major depression; (3) bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness); (4) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; (5) learning disorders; (6) conduct disorder; (7) eating disorders; (8) autism spectrum disorder or autism; and (9) schizophrenia. The factsheet then describes using "systems of care" to treat children or adolescents in need of services in which local organizations work in teams with families to provide a full range of services to children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbances. Federal agencies currently studying mental, emotional, and behavior problems are also listed. (CR) Y1 - 1996/02/20/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 20 SP - 6 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Anxiety KW - Learning Disabilities KW - Delivery Systems KW - Intervention KW - Disability Identification KW - Children KW - Schizophrenia KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Symptoms (Individual Disorders) KW - Behavior Disorders KW - Attention Deficit Disorders KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Incidence KW - Autism KW - Eating Disorders KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62245502?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contributions to the Preparation were made by Nati N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - H- and K-ras mutational profiles in chemically induced liver tumors from B6C3F1 and CD-1 mice. AN - 77971171; 8598575 AB - Liver tumors from mice treated with genotoxic carcinogens often possess mutations in ras protooncogenes, and these sequence alterations in ras frequently reflect the mutational specificity of the carcinogen. Previous studies suggest that the mouse model used for tumor induction may affect ras mutational patterns. In order to explore this possibility, H- and K-ras mutational profiles were established in liver tumors from male B6C3f1 and CD-1 mice administered benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC), and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). With the exception of 6-NC-induced tumors in B6C3F1 mice, a high proportion of the tumors induced in both types of mice contained ras mutations. In CD-1 mice, 6-NC predominantly induced C-->A mutations in H-ras codon 61 (90% of tumors analyzed), whereas 4-ABP mainly induced A-->T mutations in H-ras codon 61 (50%) and BaP induced both A-->T (27%) and G--> (50%) mutations in H-ras codon 61 and K-ras codon 13, respectively. In B6C3F1 mice, 85% of BaP tumors had G-->C mutations in K-ras codon 13 and 85% of 4-ABP tumors had C-->A mutations in H-ras codon 61, while among 6-NC tumors, only 4% had G-->C mutations in K-ras codon 13 and none had H-ras mutations. Statistical analysis of these results indicates that the patterns of tumor ras mutations induced by BaP in CD-1 and B6C3F1 mice were indistinguishable, while 6-NC and 4-ABP produced different tumor ras profiles in the two mouse models. Published mutational profiles for active metabolites of BaP and 6-NC from in vitro reporter gene systems were inconsistent with both the CD-1 and B6C3F1 tumor ras mutational responses. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Li, E E AU - Fu, P P AU - Heflich, R H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/09/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 09 SP - 195 EP - 208 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Genes, ras KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77971171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Brucella+abortus+conjugated+with+a+peptide+derived+from+the+V3+loop+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+type+1+induces+HIV-specific+cytotoxic+T-cell+responses+in+normal+and+in+CD4+super%28%2B%29+cell-depleted+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Lapham%2C+C%3BGolding%2C+B%3BInman%2C+J%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BHighet%2C+P%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lapham&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the correlation coefficient between the TD50 and the MTD. AN - 78448711; 8868225 AB - The existence of correlation between the carcinogenic potency and the maximum tolerated dose has been the subject of many investigations in recent years. Several attempts have been made to quantify this correlation in different bioassay experiments. By using some distributional assumptions, Krewski et al. derive an analytic expression for the coefficient of correlation between the carcinogenic potency TD50 and the maximum tolerated dose. Here, we discuss the deviation that may result in using their analytical expression. By taking a more general approach we derive an expression for the correlation coefficient which includes the result of Krewski et al. as a special case, and show that their expression may overestimate the correlation in some instances and yet underestimate the correlation in other instances. The proposed method is illustrated by application to a real dataset. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Razzaghi, M AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Bloomsburg University, Pennsylvania 17815, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 107 EP - 113 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78448711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=On+the+correlation+coefficient+between+the+TD50+and+the+MTD.&rft.au=Razzaghi%2C+M%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Razzaghi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral dysfunctions associated with dietary iron overload. AN - 78391711; 8838597 AB - Excessive dietary Fe is known to be toxic, but the extent of neurobiological involvement is not clear. In the present study male weanling rats were fed diets containing Fe at 35 (control), 350, 3500, or 20000 ppm for 12 wk. An Fe-deficient group (4 ppm) was included for comparison. Rats were tested for behavioral and body weight changes at various times after initiation of diets, and liver and brain nonheme Fe were measured at term. Excess dietary Fe, primarily at 20000 ppm, significantly decreased activity, habituation, reflex startle, and conditioned avoidance response performance, and enhanced prepulse modulation of startle. Body weights were also markedly decreased. Fe-deficient animals showed similar behavioral effects but more moderate body weight changes. Liver nonheme Fe varied directly with dietary levels. Whole-brain nonheme Fe was significantly reduced in Fe-deficient animals but increased only at the 20000-ppm level. Homeostatic mechanisms appear to regulate whole-brain Fe more effectively under conditions of dietary Fe overload than under conditions of Fe deficiency. The behavioral changes associated with dietary Fe overload may represent secondary consequences of systemic toxicity. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Sobotka, T J AU - Whittaker, P AU - Sobotka, J M AU - Brodie, R E AU - Quander, D Y AU - Robl, M AU - Bryant, M AU - Barton, C N AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 213 EP - 219 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Avoidance Learning -- physiology KW - Conditioning, Classical -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Conditioning, Classical -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Startle -- physiology KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- physiology KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Iron Overload -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Iron Overload -- physiopathology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Iron -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78391711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+dysfunctions+associated+with+dietary+iron+overload.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+T+J%3BWhittaker%2C+P%3BSobotka%2C+J+M%3BBrodie%2C+R+E%3BQuander%2C+D+Y%3BRobl%2C+M%3BBryant%2C+M%3BBarton%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Closing the surveillance gap. AN - 78360649; 8821367 AB - Since 1986 there has been substantial progress in developing surveillance systems for occupational disease and injury that meet the goals of surveillance: identification or new diseases and causes of injury; estimation of the magnitude and trend of injuries and illnesses; identification of epidemic clusters; and identification of sentinel cases representing failures of prevention. A quiltwork of surveillance systems for occupational diseases and injury has been implemented by several federal agencies; surveillance systems for many more disease and injuries are being developed by the states. The conceptual basis for "closing the surveillance gap" has been developed; national implementation is the next challenge. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Halperin, W E AU - Ordin, D L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 223 EP - 224 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78360649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Closing+the+surveillance+gap.&rft.au=Halperin%2C+W+E%3BOrdin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 1997 Apr;31(4):479-80 [9093665] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal MSG reduces hypothalamic DA, beta-endorphin, and delays weight gain in genetically obese (A viable yellow/alpha) mice. AN - 78334628; 8808153 AB - Neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate (MSG) decreases proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides and results in obesity. The yellow mouse is a model of obesity induced by the viable yellow (Avy) gene at the agouti locus on Chromosome 2, which results in overproduction of a POMC receptor antagonist. Thus we hypothesized that MSG, when imposed on the genetically susceptible model, would alter the development of obesity. Both yellow obese (Avy) and black lean (alpha/alpha) males were injected on Postnatal Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 with 2.0 mg/g body weight MSG or saline SC. Their food intake, growth parameters, and neurochemical status were examined. Paradoxically, MSG interacted with the yellow phenotype to delay the rapid rate of weight gain characteristic of this model (p < 0.05). Food intake was decreased (p < 0.05) in both phenotypes treated with MSG, as was hypothalamic content of dopamine (p < 0.05) and of the POMC peptide, beta-endorphin (p < 0.001). The yellow obese phenotype was more sensitive than the black lean phenotype to the neurochemical effect of early postnatal MSG administration. Recent reports suggest the agouti locus protein is an antagonist of the receptor for another POMC peptide, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Therefore, the balance of functional activity between various POMC peptides appears to be an important factor in the development of both acquired and genetic obesity. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Caputo, F A AU - Ali, S F AU - Wolff, G L AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/USFDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 425 EP - 432 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - beta-Endorphin KW - 60617-12-1 KW - Pro-Opiomelanocortin KW - 66796-54-1 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Sodium Glutamate KW - W81N5U6R6U KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Pro-Opiomelanocortin -- metabolism KW - Depression, Chemical KW - Rats KW - Phenotype KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Hair Color -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Obesity -- prevention & control KW - Obesity -- genetics KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - beta-Endorphin -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Sodium Glutamate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78334628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Neonatal+MSG+reduces+hypothalamic+DA%2C+beta-endorphin%2C+and+delays+weight+gain+in+genetically+obese+%28A+viable+yellow%2Falpha%29+mice.&rft.au=Caputo%2C+F+A%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BWolff%2C+G+L%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Caputo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of macronutrient substitutes by the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 78315011; 8801618 JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Rulis, A M AD - Office of Premarket Approval, FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - S47 EP - S50 VL - 23 IS - 1 Pt 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Additives -- therapeutic use KW - Food, Formulated KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Food Additives -- analysis KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78315011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Review+of+experimental+male-mediated+behavioral+and+neurochemical+disorders&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSchrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=neurotoxicity&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in gene expression and tumor formation within genetically homogeneous animal populations in bioassays. AN - 78200538; 8742313 AB - Considerable variation in susceptibility to tissue-specific tumor formation in response to chronic treatment with low or intermediate dose levels of putative carcinogens is observed within populations of genetically homogeneous test animals under controlled environmental conditions. Experimental evidence from National Toxicology Program studies is reviewed, as are studies of differing degrees of carcinogenic response and tumor promotion among iso-and congenic mice carrying the Avy (viable yellow) mutation. The data suggest that individual variations in carcinogenic response among genetically homogeneous animals may derive primarily from differences in regulation of gene transcription. Differences in posttranscriptional and posttranslational processing of gene products are probably also contributing factors. The viable yellow Avy/a mouse model system is uniquely suited for investigating the developmental and molecular bases of this phenotypic variability in genetically homogeneous populations since various degrees of carcinogenic response and promotion of tumor formation can be predicted, a priori, at least as early as 7 days of age by correlation with coat color patterns. Ectopic expression of the agouti protein results in enhanced susceptibility to tumor formation in tissues which are already sensitized to neoplastic transformation by their strain genome. The differences in tumorigenic response and coat color pattern among Avy/- mice appear to be associated with different DNA methylation states of the promoter of an intracisternal A particle inserted into exon 1A of the agouti gene. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wolff, G L AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. GWOLFF@FDANT.NC-TR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 176 EP - 184 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Biological Assay KW - Transcription, Genetic -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Species Specificity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- epidemiology KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - Genetic Variation KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78200538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Variability+in+gene+expression+and+tumor+formation+within+genetically+homogeneous+animal+populations+in+bioassays.&rft.au=Wolff%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity of triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. AN - 78197876; 8742314 AB - Triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (trien-2HCl; CAS No. 38260-01-04), a chelating agent used to treat Wilson's disease patients who are intolerant of the drug of choice, was tested for subchronic toxicity in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. Mice and rats received trien-2HCl in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 120, 600, or 3000 ppm for up to 92 days. Twenty mice and 18 rats of each sex were assigned to each dose group fed either a cereal-based (NIH-31) or a purified (AIN-76A) diet, both containing nutritionally adequate levels of copper. An additional control group of rats and mice received a Cu-deficient AIN-76A diet. This low copper diet resulted in Cu-deficiency symptoms, such as anemia, liver periportal cytomegaly, pancreatic atrophy and multifocal necrosis, spleen hematopoietic cell proliferation, and increased heart weight, together with undetectable levels of plasma copper in rats but not in mice. Trien-2HCl lowered plasma copper levels some-what (at 600 and 3000 ppm) in rats fed the AIN-76A diet, but did not induce the usual signs of copper deficiency. Trien-2HCl caused an increased frequency of uterine dilatation at 3000 ppm in rats fed AIN-76A diet that was not noted in females fed the Cu-deficient diet. Trien-2HCl toxicity occurred only in mice in the highest dose group fed an AIN-76A diet. Increased frequencies of inflammation of the lung interstitium and liver periportal fatty infiltration were seen in both sexes, and hematopoietic cell proliferation was seen in the spleen of males. Kidney and body weights were reduced in males as was the incidence of renal cytoplasmic vacuolization. There were no signs of copper deficiency in mice exposed to trien-2HCl. The only effect of trien-2HCl in animals fed the NIH-31 diet was a reduced liver copper level in both rat sexes, noted at 3000 ppm. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Greenman, D L AU - Morrissey, R L AU - Blakemore, W AU - Crowell, J AU - Siitonen, P AU - Felton, P AU - Allen, R AU - Cronin, G AD - Office of Associate Director for Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 185 EP - 193 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Trientine KW - SJ76Y07H5F KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Metals -- blood KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chelating Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Copper -- deficiency KW - Chelating Agents -- toxicity KW - Trientine -- toxicity KW - Copper -- blood KW - Trientine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78197876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+of+triethylenetetramine+dihydrochloride+in+B6C3F1+mice+and+F344+rats.&rft.au=Greenman%2C+D+L%3BMorrissey%2C+R+L%3BBlakemore%2C+W%3BCrowell%2C+J%3BSiitonen%2C+P%3BFelton%2C+P%3BAllen%2C+R%3BCronin%2C+G&rft.aulast=Greenman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk estimation--an overview: disease risk estimation based upon animal bioassays. AN - 78184311; 8744587 AB - Much more could be written about the issues addressed here, as well as about issues that are not even mentioned. The goal was to present a brief overview of some of the techniques and issues in quantitative health risk assessment based upon animal data. Hopefully, this overview will provoke some attention to specific in risk assessment that require more research. Perhaps the bibliographic references given will lead to other papers. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 27 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Diet KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biological Assay -- standards KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78184311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+estimation--an+overview%3A+disease+risk+estimation+based+upon+animal+bioassays.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay designs for validating biologically based mathematical models of carcinogenesis for risk assessment. AN - 78183630; 8744598 AB - Bioassays that include various types of discontinuous exposure to carcinogens are somewhat rare and are far from routine. However, discontinuous-dosing groups represent a valuable enhancement of the ordinary bioassay design. My hope is that efforts to include discontinuous-exposure groups in cancer-bioassays will become widespread, and that discontinuous-dosing designs will eventually be a matter of routine. To me, such designs represent an easy (although perhaps costly) way to increase the sophistication of the tumor incidence data for model fitting, and to provide valuable data for validating (or perhaps invalidating) postulated mathematical models of the cancer process. Certainly discontinuous-dosing data at least provide a valuable ancillary resource to be utilized along with data on postulated mechanisms in the effort to implement biologically based models of the cancer process for quantitative risk assessment. Such data might even be indispensible. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 223 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biological Assay -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects KW - Biological Assay -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78183630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Bioassay+designs+for+validating+biologically+based+mathematical+models+of+carcinogenesis+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Making regulatory decisions across the food ingredient spectrum. AN - 78182446; 8744596 AB - Today, safety evaluation of food ingredients must be performed for a wide spectrum of substances and over a wide range of potential human exposures. Some of the traditional approaches to toxicological safety evaluation are not appropriate for certain of the more extreme examples across this spectrum. Yet the public and the regulated industry continue, rightfully, to expect that the system will function efficiently and effectively in their behalf. FDA must expand the range of its available tools to address the unique questions presented by nontraditional food chemicals, while maintaining the scientific credibility and integrity of the regulatory decision process that has protected public health for many decades. The safety standard that these materials must meet has not changed. Yet the types of questions pertinent to safety decisions may indeed be different than those traditionally used. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Rulis, A M AD - Office of Premarket Approval, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 197 EP - 208 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Preservation -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards KW - Humans KW - Food Preservation -- economics KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Food Contamination KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Legislation, Food KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Food Additives -- standards KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78182446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Making+regulatory+decisions+across+the+food+ingredient+spectrum.&rft.au=Rulis%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Rulis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noncancer risk assessment: reproductive toxicology. AN - 78180656; 8744590 AB - In summary, the concerns that environmental and other agents are causing adverse effects on reproductive function in humans are real, although the risk is not necessarily well characterized. The range of concerns for the types of effect that agents might have on reproduction span the full range of reproductive events. There is a fairly high background of reproductive disease in humans which decreases the sensitivity for identifying agents that have a subtle, but adverse, effect on reproductive performance of humans. Because our animal studies identify a large number of agents that cause some adverse reproductive effect at the dose levels tested, the concern is raised about the oversensitivity of animal models for predicting adverse effects in humans. Until we better understand the biology underlying the reproductive process of humans and animals, it will be difficult to make animal studies more specific in their predictiveness. Continued research to better understand the biology of reproduction in humans and animals should help to identify the types of data generated in animals that are most predictive of an adverse effect in humans. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Schwetz, B A AD - FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 77 EP - 84 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Boron KW - N9E3X5056Q KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Boric Acids -- toxicity KW - Boric Acids -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Boron -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78180656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Noncancer+risk+assessment%3A+reproductive+toxicology.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of dietary restriction on drug testing and toxicity. AN - 78082169; 8672865 JF - Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie AU - Hart, R W AU - Leakey, J AU - Duffy, P H AU - Feuers, R J AU - Turturro, A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 121 EP - 127 VL - 48 IS - 2-3 SN - 0940-2993, 0940-2993 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Energy Intake -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78082169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+toxicologic+pathology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Gesellschaft+fur+Toxikologische+Pathologie&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+dietary+restriction+on+drug+testing+and+toxicity.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BLeakey%2C+J%3BDuffy%2C+P+H%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BTurturro%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+toxicologic+pathology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Gesellschaft+fur+Toxikologische+Pathologie&rft.issn=09402993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos and cancer risk: a review of the amphibole hypothesis. AN - 78042721; 8633733 AB - This article examines the credibility and policy implications of the "amphibole hypothesis," which postulates that (1) the mesotheliomas observed among workers exposed to chrysotile asbestos may be explained by confounding exposures to amphiboles, and (2) chrysotile may have lower carcinogenic potency than amphiboles. A critical review was conducted of the lung burden, epidemiologic, toxicologic, and mechanistic studies that provide the basis for the amphibole hypothesis. Mechanistic and lung burden studies do not provide convincing evidence for the amphibole hypothesis. Toxicologic and epidemiologic studies provide strong evidence that chrysotile is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Chrysotile may be less potent than some amphiboles for inducing mesotheliomas, but there is little evidence to indicate lower lung cancer risk. Given the evidence of a significant lung cancer risk, the lack of conclusive evidence for the amphibole hypothesis, and the fact that workers are generally exposed to a mixture of fibers, we conclude that it is prudent to treat chrysotile with virtually the same level of concern as the amphibole forms of asbestos. JF - American journal of public health AU - Stayner, L T AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Lemen, R A AD - Risk Assessment Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 179 EP - 186 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Asbestos, Amphibole KW - 0 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - Carcinogens KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Mesothelioma -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Asbestos, Amphibole -- toxicity KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- toxicity KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- adverse effects KW - Asbestos, Amphibole -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78042721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+chrysotile+asbestos+and+cancer+risk%3A+a+review+of+the+amphibole+hypothesis.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BDankovic%2C+D+A%3BLemen%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jan;133(1):5-13 [3510581] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(4):531-42 [1332466] Environ Res. 1992 Oct;59(1):271-8 [1425517] Int J Cancer. 1968 May 15;3(3):406-8 [5681625] Br J Cancer. 1973 Aug;28(2):173-85 [4354178] Br J Cancer. 1974 Mar;29(3):252-69 [4364384] Environ Res. 1976 Dec;12(3):281-98 [1001300] J Occup Med. 1977 Nov;19(11):737-40 [915568] Br J Cancer. 1978 May;37(5):673-88 [656299] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:117-26 [294162] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:91-116 [294225] Ann Occup Hyg. 1979;22(3):253-71 [543586] Br J Ind Med. 1980 Feb;37(1):11-24 [7370189] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Nov;122(5):669-78 [7447151] IARC Sci Publ. 1980;(30):187-99 [7239637] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Nov;67(5):965-75 [6946253] Br J Cancer. 1982 Jan;45(1):124-35 [7059455] Br J Ind Med. 1982 Nov;39(4):344-8 [6291580] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):411-5 [6295244] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):417-22 [6295245] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Feb;40(1):1-7 [6297532] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Aug 28-Sep 4;285(6342):603-6 [6297656] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Apr;127(4):470-3 [6838052] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(3):399-419 [6846338] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(3):421-33 [6846339] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):151-7 [6326794] Carcinogenesis. 1985 May;6(5):667-74 [2988806] Ann Occup Hyg. 1985;29(3):305-55 [4073702] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):423-31 [7181279] Br J Exp Pathol. 1986 Jun;67(3):415-30 [2872911] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Jul;43(7):436-44 [3013278] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Mar;44(3):161-74 [3828242] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992 Dec;18(6):351-60 [1485160] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):25-31 [8391235] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Aug;50(8):673-6 [8398854] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Nov;50(11):1039-42 [8280629] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Dec;50(12):1073-81 [8280638] Ann Occup Hyg. 1994 Aug;38(4):453-8, 408 [7978966] Ann Occup Hyg. 1994 Aug;38(4):525-32, 412 [7978974] Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):776-7 [7710525] Toxicol Ind Health. 1994 Jan-Apr;10(1-2):59-87 [7570615] Br J Exp Pathol. 1988 Oct;69(5):717-37 [2848570] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(2):205-9 [2849869] Cancer. 1989 Apr 15;63(8):1544-7 [2924262] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Mar;46(3):180-7 [2539184] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Aug;46(8):529-36 [2550048] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(3):281-7 [2782316] Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):294-301 [2153315] Ann Occup Hyg. 1990 Apr;34(2):159-75 [2169219] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Oct;142(4):843-7 [2171386] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Dec;47(12):810-4 [2176805] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(2):161-9 [1847001] Cancer. 1991 Apr 1;67(7):1912-20 [1848472] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991 Dec 31;643:27-52 [1809139] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Aug;49(8):566-75 [1325180] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1997 Apr;87(4):687-8 [9146457] Am J Public Health. 1997 Apr;87(4):689-90; author reply 690-1 [9146459] Am J Public Health. 1997 Apr;87(4):688-9; author reply 690-1 [9146458] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leukemia following low-dose total body irradiation and chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AN - 78042202; 8636772 AB - PURPOSE Low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) is used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and several other malignancies. Large volumes of bone marrow and other tissue receive considerable exposure, but few studies have quantified late carcinogenic sequelae. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 61 2-year survivors of NHL treated initially with low-dose TBI was monitored for second cancer occurrence. Data on primary and subsequent therapy were collected, and cumulative dose of radiation to active bone marrow (ABM) (median, 5.2 Gy) was reconstructed. RESULTS Thirteen second primary cancers occurred. Four patients developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), which represents a relative risk (RR) of 117 (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5 to 300) compared with population rates. A fifth patient was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). All five patients with secondary hematologic malignancies subsequently received salvage treatment, with either alkylating agents alone (n = 1) or combined modality therapy (CMT) (n = 4). Overall, eight solid tumors were observed (RR = 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.0). The 15-year cumulative risks of all second cancers and secondary ANLL were 37% and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small number of subjects, a considerable risk of leukemia was observed among patients treated with low-dose TBI in combination with CMT including alkylating agents. Based on these results, approximately eight to nine excess ANLLs might be expected to occur among 100 NHL patients treated with low-dose TBI and salvage treatment and followed-up for 15 years. JF - Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology AU - Travis, L B AU - Weeks, J AU - Curtis, R E AU - Chaffey, J T AU - Stovall, M AU - Banks, P M AU - Boice, J D AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 565 EP - 571 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0732-183X, 0732-183X KW - Index Medicus KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Humans KW - Salvage Therapy KW - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- administration & dosage KW - Bone Marrow -- radiation effects KW - Adolescent KW - Myelodysplastic Syndromes -- etiology KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- therapy KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- etiology KW - Whole-Body Irradiation -- adverse effects KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78042202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.atitle=Leukemia+following+low-dose+total+body+irradiation+and+chemotherapy+for+non-Hodgkin%27s+lymphoma.&rft.au=Travis%2C+L+B%3BWeeks%2C+J%3BCurtis%2C+R+E%3BChaffey%2C+J+T%3BStovall%2C+M%3BBanks%2C+P+M%3BBoice%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.issn=0732183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a chemical spot-test kit for the detection of airborne particulate lead in the workplace. AN - 78002357; 8615324 AB - A commercial rhodizonate-based test kit was evaluated for its potential use in the detection of lead in airborne particulate samples at work sites. Over 350 air samples were collected at abrasive blasting lead paint abatement sites using cellulose ester membrane filters and personal sampling pumps. The filter samples were tested with the chemical spot test and then analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No positive readings were recorded for lead masses below 1.3 micrograms Pb/filter, and no negative readings were observed for lead amounts above 8.1 micrograms Pb/filter. Experimental data were statistically molded in an effort to estimate the performance parameters of the spot test kit. The identification limit of the kit was found to be approximately 3.6 microgram/filter sample. For lead mass values above approximately 10 micrograms Pb/filter, 95% confidence of a positive reading was found, while 95% confidence of a negative reading was found for lead masses below approximately 0.6 micrograms Pb/filter. Based on the results of this study the rhodizonate-based test kit for lead demonstrates potential for use in field screening for lead in personal breathing zone and area air samples. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Ashley, K AU - Fischbach, T J AU - Song, R AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 161 EP - 165 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Paint KW - Decontamination KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78002357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+chemical+spot-test+kit+for+the+detection+of+airborne+particulate+lead+in+the+workplace.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BFischbach%2C+T+J%3BSong%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dosimetry in the developing rabbit brain. AN - 77991057; 8619233 AB - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that describes the kinetics of organic anions by using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) as a representative compound was constructed for the developing rabbit brain at near-term pregnancy (Gestation Day 30). The model consisted of brain, body, and venous and arterial compartments for the mother which were linked to the fetus by a placenta. Maternal brain compartments in the model were brain plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue including hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, forebrain, brainstem, and cerebellum. The fetus consisted of brain, body, amniotic fluid, and venous and arterial compartments. the maternal body had both a central and a deep compartment; the fetal body had only one compartment. Maternal blood flow to the fetus was modeled as blood flowing to the placenta, where it was equilibrated before it reached the fetus. The brain uptake was membrane-limited by the blood-brain barrier, with saturable clearance from the CSF into the venous blood by the choroid plexus in both fetus and mother. The model was used to compare concentrations of 2,4-D in maternal and fetal brain, maternal and fetal plasma, and amniotic fluid over time with experimental data from pregnant rabbits given 2,4-D intravenously (1, 10, or 40 mg/kg). The model adequately simulated the 2-hr time course of 2,4-D concentrations in both mother and fetus. With continued development, this generic PBPK model should be a useful tool for evaluating the safety of organic acid neurotoxicants in the developing brain. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Kim, C S AU - Binienda, Z AU - Sandberg, J A AD - Division of Toxicological Research (HFS-506), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 250 EP - 259 VL - 136 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Amniotic Fluid -- metabolism KW - Rabbits KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Placenta -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- embryology KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- blood KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Fetus -- metabolism KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77991057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+model+for+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+dosimetry+in+the+developing+rabbit+brain.&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BSandberg%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Emergency Medical Dispatch. National Standard Curriculum. Instructor Guide. Trainee Guide. AN - 62442584; ED425308 AB - This guide contains all instructor materials and requirements for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) National Standard Curriculum. It includes lesson plans, instructional aids, and tools and supporting information designed to elevate trained and experienced public safety telecommunicators to direct and manage their emergency medical resources effectively. The course provides EMD trainees with the skills and knowledge necessary to dispatch resources for medical emergencies. The course is broken down individual topics called modules. Each module is further sequenced into units. The four modules in the course cover the following: (1) basic emergency medical dispatch concepts; (2) information gathering and dispatch; (3) introduction to the Emergency Medical Dispatch Protocol Reference System and 32 chief complaint types; and (4) final examination. Two appendixes contain presentation skills and training hints, and sample scenarios for use in training. A student guide includes the four modules and a glossary. (KC) Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 875 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160485479 KW - Medical Dispatch KW - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Students KW - Teachers KW - Occupational Information KW - Course Content KW - Communications KW - Teaching Guides KW - Workplace Literacy KW - Learning Activities KW - On the Job Training KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - National Standards KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62442584?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational analysis of the specificity of 16S rRNA-derived signature sequences for identifying food-related microbes AN - 16381396; 4272139 AB - The efficacy of oligonucleotide-based molecular diagnostics for the identification of food-related microbes is critically dependent on the sequences of the gene probes or amplification primers used. Computational specificity analysis was used to evaluate and compare the apparent specificity of ribosomal small subunit (SSU)-derived signature sequences from a wide range of food-related microbes. Nine signature sequences were obtained from the SSU sequences of each of 40 species, the apparent specificity of each signature sequence was determined by using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) microbial SSU dataset. Use of the RDP database made it possible to compare results from a phylogenetically heterogeneous group of microbes. At least one species-specific signature sequence was found for 39 of the 40 species. Signature sequences derived from the SSU V1 and V2 variable regions were the most specific. The apparent specificity of each of 77 SSU-based identification sequences obtained from the literature was also tested. Although a relatively large number of the published sequences were either non-specific or could not be matched to homologous sequences in the RDP database, most species-specific published sequences also originated from the V1 and V2 variable regions. These results show that computational specificity analysis and sequence databases can be used to assess and compare the specificity of SSU-derived signature sequences for any food-related microbe, but that the addition of new sequences to the databases necessitates periodic reassessment of specificity. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Gendel, S M AD - Biotechnology Studies Branch, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 S. Archer Road, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - food KW - microorganisms KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16381396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Computational+analysis+of+the+specificity+of+16S+rRNA-derived+signature+sequences+for+identifying+food-related+microbes&rft.au=Gendel%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gendel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION RELOCATION, BROOKLYN, KINGS COUNTY, NEW YORK. AN - 36407307; 5564 AB - PURPOSE: The relocation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) district office and regional laboratory in Brooklyn, New York, is proposed. The facility, the largest FDA facility outside the Washington, District of Columbia, area, is located on the seventh and eighth floors of Building 2 within the federal complex in the Sunset Park section of Brooklyn. The building is in a severely deteriorated condition, with spalling concrete posing a hazard to passing pedestrians. In addition, the entire building exterior is weathered and stained, with large areas of spalling around concrete columns, spandrel panels and window sills. Rehabilitation is estimated to cost in excess on $50.0 million. Three alternatives, including a No-Build Alternative, are considered in this draft EIS. The proposed action would involve constructing a new facility at the intersection of 158th Street and Liberty Avenue in the Jamaica section of Queens, New York. The site is presently occupied by a surface parking lot. The building would be constructed and owned by a private developer, and the federal government would enter into a 20-year lease of the facility for the FDA. The FDA would require 280,000 square feet of office, storage, and ancillary space; 50 secure parking spaces; and 200 additional parking spaces. The facility would house the office of the regional FDA director, the New York district office, and the New York regional laboratory. The relocation would require amendments to the New York City zoning map and the York College Urban Renewal Plan in order to permit laboratory use in the area. Estimated construction costs of the project are $74.6 million. An alternative involving the renovation of the existing facility is also under consideration. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would improve and expand the space for the operation of FDA regional office in New York, removing federal workers from unsafe working conditions. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: During construction, the project could adversely affect, in the short term, traffic flow, air quality, and ambient noise levels. JF - EPA number: 960050, 451 pages and maps, January 29, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Traffic Analyses KW - New York UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36407307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+RELOCATION%2C+BROOKLYN%2C+KINGS+COUNTY%2C+NEW+YORK.&rft.title=FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+RELOCATION%2C+BROOKLYN%2C+KINGS+COUNTY%2C+NEW+YORK.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, New York, New York; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: January 29, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of combination of suboptimal concentrations of P-glycoprotein blockers on the proliferation of MDR1 gene expressing cells. AN - 77989234; 8575863 AB - Pharmacologically active in vivo doses of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) blockers, specifically verapamil, Cremophor EL and PSC833 cause toxicity in addition to that from the concomitantly used cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It was shown before that these blockers cause different types of toxicities in vivo. We found that these 3 chemically distinct Pgp blockers exert different biophysical effects on the membranes of L1210 MDR cells. They also affect the general metabolism of these cells differently, but all block affinity labeling of Pgp. We could also show that the combination of suboptimal doses of these blockers can restore the uptake of the Pgp substrate rhodamine 123 into L1210MDR, 3T3MDR and KB-VI cells and can reduce the survival rate of these cells when treated in combination with daunorubicin. Our results suggest that the combination of suboptimal doses of these Pgp blockers may be advantageous in clinical practice. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Hwang, M AU - Ahn, C H AU - Pine, P S AU - Yin, J J AU - Hrycyna, C A AU - Licht, T AU - Aszalos, A AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/01/26/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 26 SP - 389 EP - 397 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - 0 KW - Cyclosporins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - cremophor EL KW - 6D4M1DAL6O KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - valspodar KW - Q7ZP55KF3X KW - Index Medicus KW - Leukemia KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - P-Glycoprotein -- genetics KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cyclosporins -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Glycerol -- pharmacology KW - P-Glycoprotein -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77989234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Effect+of+combination+of+suboptimal+concentrations+of+P-glycoprotein+blockers+on+the+proliferation+of+MDR1+gene+expressing+cells.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+M%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BHrycyna%2C+C+A%3BLicht%2C+T%3BAszalos%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-26&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Negative bias in exposure-response trends in occupational studies: modeling the healthy workers survivor effect. AN - 77972025; 8546122 AB - Many occupational studies analyze trends between cumulative exposure and mortality. The authors show that such trends are, in general, negatively confounded by employment status. Mortality rates for workers who leave work ("inactive" workers) are higher than for active workers because some workers leave because they are ill. The percentage of inactive relative to active person-time is higher in low categories of cumulative exposure, causing employment status to act as a negative confounder of exposure-response trends (the opposite occurs for time-since-hire). We illustrate these phenomena using 10 "negative" mortality studies, in which adjustment for employment status removes false trends. However, adjustment for employment status will lead to biased estimates when it acts as an intermediate variable between cumulative exposure and death, as occurs directly when exposure causes a disabling disease that, in turn, causes death or indirectly when exposure causes workers to leave work. The authors illustrate this problem using simulated follow-up data for leaving, disease incidence, and mortality. In the null case in which cumulative exposure affects neither disease incidence (or mortality) nor leaving rates, employment status indeed acts as a negative confounder of exposure-response trends, and traditional adjustment eliminates this confounding. However, when cumulative exposure affects disease incidence or rates of leaving, adjustment for employment status will not be adequate. Employment status falls under the general rubric of variables that are simultaneously confounders and intermediate variables. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Salvan, A AU - Stayner, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/01/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 15 SP - 202 EP - 210 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Survival Analysis KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77972025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Negative+bias+in+exposure-response+trends+in+occupational+studies%3A+modeling+the+healthy+workers+survivor+effect.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BSalvan%2C+A%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-15&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration Proposed Guidelines for Neurotoxicological Testing of Food Chemicals. AN - 78720059; 9086506 AB - The fact that some chemicals may adversely affect the nervous system is certainly not a new concept in regulatory toxicology. In 1982, the FDA issued testing guidelines for the safety evaluation of proposed direct food and color additives which included the assessment of nervous system toxicity as part of the general toxicological profile. However, these guidelines provide only broad and nonspecific recommendations as to how this assessment may best be carried out. The information derived from toxicity screening studies conducted according to these guidelines enable little more than the detection of clearly evident adult nervous system toxicity associated with general neuropathology and overt neurological dysfunction. Little consistent or systematically documented information is typically developed about other equally important types of neurotoxic effects including, for example, behavioral dysfunction and developmental neurotoxicity. Concerns about these more subtle types of neurotoxic effects have become a prominent public health issue and have resulted in demands for an increasing level of assurance that efforts are being made to minimize even further the risks of neurotoxicity from human exposure to chemical substances. In an effort to address these concerns, the FDA is including specific attention to neurotoxicity in a proposed revision of its toxicity testing guidelines for food additives. These proposed guidelines focus on a more careful evaluation of structural and functional measures of neurotoxicity as a routine component of safety assessment. This focus will enable the development of the type of information needed for a more effective assessment of the full spectrum of neurotoxic hazards. The revised guidelines for neurotoxicity testing will be discussed in terms of the FDA's overall approach to safety assessment. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Sobotka, T J AU - Ekelman, K B AU - Slikker, W AU - Raffaele, K AU - Hattan, D G AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 825 EP - 836 VL - 17 IS - 3-4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Food -- toxicity KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78720059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+Proposed+Guidelines+for+Neurotoxicological+Testing+of+Food+Chemicals.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+T+J%3BEkelman%2C+K+B%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BRaffaele%2C+K%3BHattan%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myelotoxic effects of the bifunctional alkylating agent bizelesin on human, canine and murine myeloid progenitor cells. AN - 78675526; 8995512 AB - Bizelesin is a potent synthetic derivative of the anticancer agent CC-1065 that preferentially alkylates and binds the minor grove of DNA. Preclinical animal studies have found bizelesin to be more toxic to beagle dogs than to rodents and that myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. This toxicity was dose- and time-dependent in all species. Due to the significant difference in the in vivo myelotoxicity between species, it was important to determine which one most closely resembles humans on a pharmacodynamic basis. Therefore, hematopoietic clonal assays were utilized to evaluate the effects of bizelesin on granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-gm) colony formation. Marrow cells were exposed in vitro to bizelesin (0.001-1000 nM) for 1 or 8 h and then assayed for colony formation. There was a 3-log difference in drug concentration at which 100% colony inhibition occurred (1 or 8 h) for murine CFU-gm versus human or canine CFU-gm. The IC70 value after an 8-h bizelesin exposure for human CFU-gm (0.006 +/- 0.002 nM) was 2220-times lower than for murine CFU-gm (13.32 +/- 8.31 nM). At any given concentration, an 8 h drug exposure resulted in greater colony inhibition than a 1 h exposure for all species (P < 0.05). Increasing exposure time from 1 to 8 h increased toxicity to human and canine CFU-gm much more than to murine CFU-gm. The clinically formulated drug solution was a more potent inhibitor of human colony formation than drug dissolved in DMSO. The IC70 value after a 1-h exposure was 1.7 times lower for human CFU-gm with formulated bizelesin (0.106 +/- 0.105 nM) than bulk drug in DMSO (0.184 +/- 0.044 nM). The results of these in vitro clonal assays were qualitatively consistent with those seen in whole animal studies, suggesting that bizelesin will be a potent myelosuppressive agent in the clinic. Since the dose-limiting toxicity in preclinical models is myelosuppression and the in vitro sensitivity of human and canine CFU-gm is similar, the canine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is better than the murine MTD to determine a safe starting dose for phase I clinical trials. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Volpe, D A AU - Tomaszewski, J E AU - Parchment, R E AU - Garg, A AU - Flora, K P AU - Murphy, M J AU - Grieshaber, C K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708-2476, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 143 EP - 149 VL - 39 IS - 1-2 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - 0 KW - Indoles KW - bizelesin KW - 129655-21-6 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - Index Medicus KW - Stem Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Species Specificity KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Indoles -- toxicity KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- pharmacology KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- drug effects KW - Indoles -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- toxicity KW - Urea -- pharmacology KW - Urea -- toxicity KW - Urea -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78675526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Myelotoxic+effects+of+the+bifunctional+alkylating+agent+bizelesin+on+human%2C+canine+and+murine+myeloid+progenitor+cells.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+D+A%3BTomaszewski%2C+J+E%3BParchment%2C+R+E%3BGarg%2C+A%3BFlora%2C+K+P%3BMurphy%2C+M+J%3BGrieshaber%2C+C+K&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a novel mouse tk+/- embryonic stem cell line for use in mutagenicity studies. AN - 78654454; 8991081 AB - A tk+/- mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line, designated 1G2, has been created in which one allele of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene was inactivated by targeted homologous recombination. This line is an analog of the mouse lymphoma tk+/- L5178Y cell line, which is used widely to assess the mutagenicity of chemical agents. Treatment of 1G2 cells with the alkylating agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) resulted in a dose-related increase in trifluorothymidine-resistant colonies. Mutant frequencies of 152 and 296 per 10(6) cells were determined for 0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml doses of ENU, compared with a spontaneous mutant frequency of 15 per 10(6) cells. The data indicate that tk+/- 1G2 ES cells may be useful for the creation of a transgenic mouse model for assessing in vivo mutation using an endogenous autosomal gene. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Casciano, D A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 483 EP - 489 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Antimetabolites KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Trifluridine KW - RMW9V5RW38 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Resistance -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Trifluridine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Antimetabolites -- pharmacology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Trifluridine -- pharmacology KW - Antimetabolites -- metabolism KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Cell Line KW - Stem Cells -- drug effects KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- cytology KW - Thymidine Kinase -- drug effects KW - Stem Cells -- physiology KW - Mutation KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78654454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+novel+mouse+tk%2B%2F-+embryonic+stem+cell+line+for+use+in+mutagenicity+studies.&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lithium and neuroleptics in combination: the spectrum of neurotoxicity [corrected]. AN - 78619111; 8961772 AB - Classifying neurotoxicity in relation to neuroleptic use has been a longstanding concern with clinical, research, and epidemiologic import. This study examines the clinical manifestations of neurotoxicity and current concepts regarding its classification. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Spontaneous Reporting System data base and extant literature were reviewed for lithium/neuroleptic neurotoxicity spectrum cases. Lithium-alone (LI), lithium/haloperidol (LiHal), and lithium/non-haloperidol neuroleptics (Li-NonHal) groups, each paired for recovery and sequelae, were established for 237 cases. Data on demographic factors, psychiatric diagnosis, and symptoms/signs/findings were tabulated. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was used as a paradigm for severe neurotoxicity; the cases were evaluated by two strict, published sets of NMS diagnostic criteria and two "probable" classifications (one published and one established for study) based on these criteria. Altered consciousness was prominent in all groups. Hypertonia/rigidity was most pronounced in both LiHal groups, possibly reflecting higher relative neuroleptic dosing; Li and LINonHal recovery and sequelae pairs showed lower, similar percentages. Among other physical findings, tremor was either most common or prominent. Neither set of strict criteria diagnosed NMS in more than 30 percent of cases in any group. Expansion of classifications to include "probable" diagnoses resulted in appreciable global group percentage increases for only one set of criteria. The high percentage of study cases not meeting even "probable" NMS criteria, despite marked clinical morbidity that at times resulted in permanent sequelae, provides a cautionary note regarding the limitations of formulated diagnostic criteria. Data base caveats notwithstanding, study findings support the consideration of a spectrum approach to classifying and diagnosing psychotropic-related neurotoxicity. JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Goldman, S A AD - MedWatch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 299 EP - 309 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Lithium KW - 9FN79X2M3F KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Haloperidol -- adverse effects KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug Interactions KW - Muscle Hypertonia -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lithium -- blood KW - Consciousness Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Lithium -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78619111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.atitle=Lithium+and+neuroleptics+in+combination%3A+the+spectrum+of+neurotoxicity+%5Bcorrected%5D.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Psychopharmacol Bull 1996;32(4):544 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historic ceremonial and medicinal use of tobacco among American Indians. AN - 78554810; 8936093 JF - Alaska medicine AU - Reece, D H AD - Tobacco Control, Indian Health Service, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Albuquerque, NM 87110, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 8 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0002-4538, 0002-4538 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - Phytotherapy KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - History, 18th Century KW - History, 19th Century KW - Alaska KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco KW - Ceremonial Behavior KW - Medicine, Traditional -- history KW - Smoking -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78554810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+medicine&rft.atitle=Historic+ceremonial+and+medicinal+use+of+tobacco+among+American+Indians.&rft.au=Reece%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alaska+medicine&rft.issn=00024538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytochrome P-450 and acetyltransferase expression as biomarkers of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels and human cancer susceptibility. AN - 78488067; 8895986 AB - Carcinogen-DNA adducts are generally regarded as relevant biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and their levels in target tissues have often been predictive of tumor incidence in experimental animals. Thus, human risk assessment procedures have utilized dose-response models that assume proportional relationships between carcinogen exposure and cancer susceptibility, even though wide inter-individual variations in human metabolic activating enzymes have now been clearly established. To evaluate these approaches, we have examined the relationship between carcinogen exposure, DNA adduct levels, metabolic activation phenotypes, and cancers of the larynx, urinary bladder, and colon. Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cancers of the larynx and urinary bladder. In the larynx, the DNA adducts appear to be derived predominantly from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are evident only in tissue from smokers. However, adduct levels appear to be determined primarily by expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9/10, which varies > 10-fold in different individuals. This CYP catalyzes the metabolic activation of benzo (alpha) pyrene (BP) to a 9-hydroxy-BP-DNA adduct that accounts for up to 25% of the putative PAH adducts formed in vivo. For the urinary bladder, putative aromatic amine (AA)-DNA adducts are predominant and are significantly elevated in current smokers. Rapid CYP1A2 and slow acetyltransferase (NAT2) phenotypes have been previously implicated in the activation (N-oxidation) and detoxification (N-acetylation) of AAs for human bladder carcinogenesis. Data now indicate that NAT1, which is expressed in human urothelium and catalyzes the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy arylamines, is significantly correlated with DNA adduct levels and is bimodally distributed in this tissue. Colo-rectal cancer risk, which has been associated with exposure to heterocyclic amines (HAs) in cooked foods, is strongly elevated in individuals with the combined rapid phenotypes for CYP1A2 and NAT2. These enzymes are uniquely responsible for HA N-oxidation and subsequent O-acetylation, forming DNA adducts that are found in human colon. These studies indicate that cancer risk assessment procedures should be redesigned to include biomarkers of susceptibility, especially those involved in carcinogen bioactivation. JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Badawi, A F AU - Stern, S J AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 109 EP - 140 VL - 395 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Biotransformation -- genetics KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Acetyltransferases -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78488067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Cytochrome+P-450+and+acetyltransferase+expression+as+biomarkers+of+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+levels+and+human+cancer+susceptibility.&rft.au=Badawi%2C+A+F%3BStern%2C+S+J%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of gentian violet and its metabolite leucogentian violet in catfish muscle using liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 78467763; 8885419 AB - Gentian violet (GV) is a triphenylmethane dye antiseptic with potential for illegal use in livestock production, especially aquaculture where the related malachite green has been widely used. This potential misuse has regulatory importance because of the observed rodent carcinogenicity of GV. This report describes the use of online LC-APCI/MS for confirmation of incurred GV residues, and those of its principal metabolite, LGV, in catfish muscle following treatment of live catfish with GV under putative use conditions. LC with APCI/MS detection provided sensitive analysis of GV and LGV with estimated detection limits of < 1 pg observed for both compounds. Fragmentation of GV and LGV via in-source CID was effected by varying the sampling cone-skimmer voltage. Ion intensity data were collected using a rapid cone voltage switching procedure that permits selected ion acquisition under optimal conditions for the parent molecule and several selected fragment ions. For GV, four ions including the ionized molecule were used and for LGV, six ions including the protonated molecule were used. The levels of GV and LGV in muscle from fish dosed with 10 micrograms/l in aquarium water were determined by LC/VIS to be 0.5 and 44 ppb, respectively. Analysis of these samples yielded ion intensity ratios that agreed precisely between injections (< 5%) and accurately with those generated by a comparable amount of authentic GV and LGV (< 10% deviation). These results show the utility of on-line LC-APCI/MS to do both sensitive confirmatory analyses of incurred drug residues for use in monitoring the food supply. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Rushing, L G AU - Bajic, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1479 EP - 1484 VL - 10 IS - 12 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Antiparasitic Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - leucogentian violet KW - 603-48-5 KW - Gentian Violet KW - J4Z741D6O5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Online Systems KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Antiparasitic Agents -- analysis KW - Gentian Violet -- analysis KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Catfishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78467763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+gentian+violet+and+its+metabolite+leucogentian+violet+in+catfish+muscle+using+liquid+chromatography+combined+with+atmospheric+pressure+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BRushing%2C+L+G%3BBajic%2C+S&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Machinery-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980 to 1989. AN - 78443975; 8871334 AB - The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system identified machinery-related incidents as the second leading cause of traumatic occupational fatalities in the United States between 1980 and 1989. These incidents resulted in 8,505 civilian worker deaths and an average annual fatality rate of .80 per 100,000 workers. Workers aged 65 years and older had 5.8 times the fatality rate of workers aged 16 to 64 years (4.06 vs. 70). The highest industry-specific rate was noted in agriculture, forestry, and fishing (7.47). Tractors and other agricultural machinery were associated with nearly 9 of every 10 fatal machinery-related incidents involving workers aged 65 or older. Although numerous studies of agricultural machinery-related fatalities are found in the literature, detailed analyses of machinery-related fatalities in the construction industry as well as analyses of work situations and risk factors associated with fatal injuries are needed. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Pratt, S G AU - Kisner, S M AU - Helmkamp, J C AD - Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 70 EP - 76 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupations -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78443975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Effect+of+combination+of+suboptimal+concentrations+of+P-glycoprotein+blockers+on+the+proliferation+of+MDR1+gene+expressing+cells.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+M%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BHrycyna%2C+C+A%3BLicht%2C+T%3BAszalos%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-26&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of fumonisins in the U.S. food supply. AN - 78411672; 8850602 AB - Over the past several years a great deal of interest has been shown in assessing human exposure to the fumonisins. This interest, of course, arises as a result of the finding of fumonisins in foods and the expanding data base on toxicological effects, both acute and sub-acute. The basis for exposure assessment lies in surveys of foods as well as a knowledge of consumption patterns. An overview of such surveys, limited as they are, will be presented along with some evaluation of the methodology used. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Pohland, A E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 26 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78411672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+fumonisins+in+the+U.S.+food+supply.&rft.au=Pohland%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Pohland&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation and identification of fumonisins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 78406245; 8850606 AB - A method was evaluated for the quantitation and identification of fumonisins by on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization. A linear response in the full-scan mode with positive ion detection was obtained for fumonisin B1 (FB1) over the range of 5-5000 ng injected on-column. Purified FB1, FB2, and half-hydrolyzed FB1 showed equimolar responses. Fully hydrolyzed FB1 did not show a similar molar response profile and produced a signal which was approximately 2 times that obtained for an equal quantity of FB1. Most known fumonisins and preparative by-products such as methyl esters were chromatographically resolved and identified by MS by using an acetonitrile gradient and positive ion detection. Negative ion electrospray was used to differentiate fumonisin amides from esters on the basis of differences in response. Response factors for FB1 and the acetyl amide of FB1 in the negative ion mode at pH 4.5 were approximately 1:3, respectively. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Musser, S M AD - Instrumentation and Biophysics Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 65 EP - 74 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Trifluoroacetic Acid KW - E5R8Z4G708 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78406245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+and+identification+of+fumonisins+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Musser%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of fumonisins in the United States. AN - 78405571; 8850631 AB - The hazards and risks from fumonisins, a relatively recently discovered class of mycotoxins, are in the process of being characterized. Any risk management approach must consider the uncertainties in the risk characterization and practicalities of control options. This paper addresses risk management alternatives, especially in the context of the Food and Drug Administration's legal authorities, and the potential impacts of the alternatives. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Troxell, T C AD - Division of Programs and Enforcement Policy, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 355 EP - 361 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Contamination KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78405571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+fumonisins+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Troxell%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Troxell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of fumonisins with respect to animal feed. Animal derived residues in foods. AN - 78405240; 8850632 AB - The fumonisins are a recently discovered class of mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium (F.) moniliforme and F. proliferatum. Fumonisins present in mycotoxin-contaminated feed have been identified as the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. To prevent these diseases, FDA has utilized informal guidance levels for fumonisins in feed and initiated a surveillance program for fumonisins in feed corn and corn by-products during FY 93 and 94. Natural contaminants present in animal feed can enter the human food supply as residues present in animal tissues and other animal derived products. Although fumonisin guidance levels were originally set based on animal safety, FDA also ensures the human food safety of animal products from animals fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Recent pharmacokinetic studies in food-producing animals as well as statutory requirements for regulating natural toxins will be discussed in light of FDA's human food safety mandate. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Miller, M A AU - Honstead, J P AU - Lovell, R A AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, USFDA, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 363 EP - 368 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Fusarium KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Zea mays KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78405240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+fumonisins+with+respect+to+animal+feed.+Animal+derived+residues+in+foods.&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+A%3BHonstead%2C+J+P%3BLovell%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of thermal processing on the stability of fumonisins. AN - 78403636; 8850630 AB - Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme in corn, have been implicated in several animal and human diseases. F. moniliforme and the fumonisins are an area of incresing concern for corn producers and consumers. Consequently, there is interest in reducing human and animal exposure to these fungal toxins. Studies of the effects of biological, chemical, and physical treatments on the reduction of fumonisin levels in food have shown variable results. Work was conducted at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, to determine the effects of thermal processing on fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in an aqueous buffer. Parameters that were studied included processing time (0-60 min), processing temperature (100-235 degrees C), and buffer pH (4, 7, and 10). The rate and extent of fumonisin decomposition increased with processing temperature. Less than 27% of FB1 and less than 20% of FB2 were lost when processing temperatures were less than or equal to 125 degrees C for 60 min. After 60 min at 150 degrees C, losses of FB1 and FB2 were 80-90% at pH 4, 18-30% at pH 7, and 40-52% at pH 10. At temperatures greater than or equal to 175 degrees C, more than 80% of FB1 and FB2 was lost after 60 min. These results indicate that foods reaching temperatures greater than 150 degrees C during processing may have lower fumonisin levels. More work is needed to quantitate the effects of different processing operations (baking, extrusion, frying) on the fumonisin content of corn-based foods. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Jackson, L S AU - Hlywka, J J AU - Senthil, K R AU - Bullerman, L B AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 345 EP - 353 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium KW - Drug Stability KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78403636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+thermal+processing+on+the+stability+of+fumonisins.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L+S%3BHlywka%2C+J+J%3BSenthil%2C+K+R%3BBullerman%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mycotoxin fumonisin induces apoptosis in cultured human cells and in livers and kidneys of rats. AN - 78400689; 8850621 AB - Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, a fungus that infects corn and other grains in the U.S. Fumonisin ingestion causes a variety of effects including equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema, and has been associated epidemiologically with human esophageal cancer. Fumonisin B1 produces growth inhibition and increased apoptosis in primary human keratinocyte cultures and in HET-1A cells. In order to set the doses for a 2-year tumor bioassay, male and female F344 rats were fed fumonisin B1 (99, 163, 234, and 484 ppm) for 28 days and the organs examined histologically. There was a dose dependent decrease in liver and kidney weights in the rats. The liver weight loss was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis and hepatocellular and bile duct hyperplasia in both sexes, with the female rats being more responsive at lower doses. The induction of tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was the primary response of the kidneys to dietary fumonisin B1. Apoptosis was present at all doses in the kidneys of the male rats, and occurred in the females only at 163, 234, and 484 ppm fumonisin B1. These results demonstrate that fumonisin B1 treatment causes a similar increase in apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Dooley, K L AU - Sheldon, W G AU - Thurman, J D AU - Bucci, T J AU - Howard, P C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 237 EP - 250 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Esophagus KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Humans KW - Epithelium KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78400689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=The+mycotoxin+fumonisin+induces+apoptosis+in+cultured+human+cells+and+in+livers+and+kidneys+of+rats.&rft.au=Tolleson%2C+W+H%3BDooley%2C+K+L%3BSheldon%2C+W+G%3BThurman%2C+J+D%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Tolleson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid culture methods for the production of fumonisin. AN - 78400341; 8850618 AB - Currently, fumonisin B1 is obtained primarily by using solid culture methods. Although fumonisin B1 concentrations obtained in solid culture are typically quite high, subsequent extraction and purification present problems. In addition, current methods utilize complex media which makes analysis of biosynthetic pathways and control mechanisms difficult. Liquid culture methods of production could eliminate many problems associated with production in solid culture. However, in the past, concentrations obtained in liquid culture have been relatively low. In this work, factors affecting the production of fumonisin B1 from a shake flask scale of 100 ml to a fermenter scale of 100 liters were examined. Best results were obtained by using a fed batch method that is nitrogen limited, with pH control. With this method, concentrations in excess of 1000 ppm can be obtained. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Keller, S E AU - Sullivan, T M AD - Biotechnology Studies Branch, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, US Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78400341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Liquid+culture+methods+for+the+production+of+fumonisin.&rft.au=Keller%2C+S+E%3BSullivan%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ICI 182,780 inhibits endogenous estrogen-dependent rat uterine growth and tamoxifen-induced developmental toxicity. AN - 78396043; 8838013 AB - To assess the effects of the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 on postnatal uterine development, female Sprague-Dawley rats were given s.c. injections of ICI 182,780 (0.1-100 micrograms/rat) on each of postnatal days (PND) 10-14. ICI 182,780 inhibited uterine growth, as measured by uterine weight, in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on either uterine luminal epithelium hypertrophy or gland genesis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ICI 182,780 (10 micrograms) markedly reduced uterine estrogen receptor (ER) immunoreactivity in all uterine cell types while tamoxifen (10 micrograms) increased ER immunoreactivity, most notably in the luminal epithelium. In addition, tamoxifen increased uterine weight and induced luminal epithelium hypertrophy but inhibited uterine gland genesis--outcomes also seen with synthetic estrogens such as diethylstilbestrol. To test the hypothesis that these effects are a consequence of the estrogen agonist activity of tamoxifen, rats were cotreated with ICI 182,780 (10 micrograms, PND 8-14) and tamoxifen (10 micrograms, PND 10-14). ICI 182,780 greatly reduced or completely blocked tamoxifen-induced uterine weight gain, luminal epithelium hypertrophy, tamoxifen-induced ER immunoreactivity, and the inhibition of uterine gland genesis. ICI 182,780 given daily on PND 1-5 did not alter PND 5 uterine weight or uterine differentiation on PND 26. We conclude that postnatal exposure to ICI 182,780 does not affect uterine growth or differentiation at an age when the uterus is not dependent on estrogen for growth, i.e., PND 1-5, but does inhibit later endogenous estrogen-dependent uterine growth. The blockade of tamoxifen-induced uterine developmental alterations by ICI 182,780 demonstrates that these tamoxifen effects result from its estrogen agonist activity. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Branham, W S AU - Fishman, R AU - Streck, R D AU - Medlock, K L AU - De George, J J AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 160 EP - 167 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Epithelium -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- growth & development KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Estrogens -- physiology KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78396043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=ICI+182%2C780+inhibits+endogenous+estrogen-dependent+rat+uterine+growth+and+tamoxifen-induced+developmental+toxicity.&rft.au=Branham%2C+W+S%3BFishman%2C+R%3BStreck%2C+R+D%3BMedlock%2C+K+L%3BDe+George%2C+J+J%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Branham&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems in consideration of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis for regulatory purposes. AN - 78388182; 8839291 AB - Hepatoproliferative lesions of rodents are frequently reported in petitions containing pathology data from chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies submitted to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition of the Food and Drug Administration. The Pathology Branch of the Office of Scientific Analysis and Support evaluates these data, which are submitted in support of the safe use of food additives, color additives, and other regulated products. Data are reviewed for the adequacy of the information provided, the terminology used to describe the reported lesions, and the overall scientific rationale used in interpreting the biological significance of the observed lesions. When questions arise during the review process, additional data, information, or clarification are sought from the petitioner. Microslides may be requested from the petitioner so that an independent evaluation of the lesions may be conducted. Several examples of recent evaluations of hepatoproliferative lesions are presented to illustrate some of the problems encountered during the review process and to demonstrate the procedures and approaches used in the evaluation of hepatocellular lesions within the center. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Moch, R W AU - Dua, P N AU - Hines, F A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 138 EP - 145 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Food Additives KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Mice KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pathology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78388182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Problems+in+consideration+of+rodent+hepatocarcinogenesis+for+regulatory+purposes.&rft.au=Moch%2C+R+W%3BDua%2C+P+N%3BHines%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Moch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Actions and interactions of nickel and magnesium on the transformation response of transformed cells in culture. AN - 78377808; 8834357 AB - Nickel (Ni) and magnesium (Mg) exert separate and interacting effects on cells: Ni is toxic while Mg enhances the transformation response of transformed cells and protects from heavy metal-induced toxicity. Transformed rat liver epithelial cells were used in the soft agar (SA) assay to measure the effect of Ni and/or Mg on the expression of anchorage independence. Cells were exposed to +/- Ni and +/- Mg in a single passage of growth medium (GM) prior to assay in SA. The cells were then treated with +/- Ni and +/- Mg in the SA resulting in a 4 x 4 treatment matrix yielding 16 Ni/Mg combinations. Nickel was expected to decrease the transformation frequency (TF) and did so in 6 of the 16 cases. Magnesium was expected to enhance the TF independently of Ni; Mg increased TF values in 7 of 16 cases. The Ni-Mg interaction occurred in 11 of 16 cases. In general, Mg and Ni effects were observed more in GM than is SA. It is not evident from this study why the Ni, Mg, and Ni-Mg effects are not observed universally, but it is evident that metal-metal interactions are not simply defined or analyzed in biological systems. A refined factorial design may be useful in further separating such interactions. From the point of view of the implementation of the SA assay, in which test substances are typically dose previous to the implementation of putting the exposed cells in SA, it is clear that assay results can be markedly altered by the presence of the test compound in the soft agar. JF - Annals of clinical and laboratory science AU - Hass, B S AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Littlefield, N A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 18 EP - 30 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7370, 0091-7370 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Magnesium -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Nickel -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78377808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.atitle=Actions+and+interactions+of+nickel+and+magnesium+on+the+transformation+response+of+transformed+cells+in+culture.&rft.au=Hass%2C+B+S%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BLittlefield%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.issn=00917370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by dietary flavonoids. AN - 78330106; 8924586 AB - Flavonoids are widely distributed in plant-derived foods and possess a variety of biological activities including antithyroid effects in experimental animals and humans. A structure-activity study of 13 commonly consumed flavonoids was conducted to evaluate inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyzes thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Most flavonoids tested were potent inhibitors of TPO, with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 41 microM. Inhibition by the more potent compounds, fisetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and quercetin, which contain a resorcinol moiety, was consistent with mechanism-based inactivation of TPO as previously observed for resorcinol and derivatives. Other flavonoids inhibited TPO by different mechanisms, such as myricetin and naringin, showed noncompetitive inhibition of tyrosine iodination with respect to iodine ion and linear mixed-type inhibition with respect to hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, biochanin A was found to be an alternate substrate for iodination. The major product, 6,8-diiodo-biochanin A, was characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR. These inhibitory mechanisms for flavonoids are consistent with the antithyroid effects observed in experimental animals and, further, predict differences in hazards for antithyroid effects in humans consuming dietary flavonoids. In vivo, suicide substrate inhibition, which could be reversed only by de novo protein synthesis, would be long-lasting. However, the effects of reversible binding inhibitors and alternate substrates would be temporary due to attenuation by metabolism and excretion. The central role of hormonal regulation in growth and proliferation of thyroid tissue suggests that chronic consumption of flavonoids, especially suicide substrates, could play a role in the etiology of thyroid cancer. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Divi, R L AU - Doerge, D R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 16 EP - 23 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Flavanones KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Isoflavones KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - myricetin KW - 76XC01FTOJ KW - Iodine KW - 9679TC07X4 KW - Quercetin KW - 9IKM0I5T1E KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Iodide Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.8 KW - naringenin KW - HN5425SBF2 KW - biochanin A KW - U13J6U390T KW - Index Medicus KW - Tyrosine -- chemistry KW - Swine KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Iodine -- chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Isoflavones -- toxicity KW - Quercetin -- toxicity KW - Isoflavones -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Thyroid Gland -- enzymology KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Diet KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- pharmacology KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- drug effects KW - Flavonoids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78330106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+thyroid+peroxidase+by+dietary+flavonoids.&rft.au=Divi%2C+R+L%3BDoerge%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Divi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of reproductive function among men occupationally exposed to a stilbene derivative: I. Hormonal and physical status. AN - 78329273; 8808042 AB - This is the first of two reports describing a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Health Hazard Evaluation conducted in response to complaints of impotence and decreased libido among male employees who manufactured 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid (DAS; CAS 81-11-8), an intermediate in the manufacture of fluorescent whitening agents. DAS is structurally similar to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Levels of six reproductive hormones in 30 male workers who manufactured DAS (current DAS workers) and 20 former DAS workers were compared to levels of 35 workers who manufactured plastics additives. Current and former DAS workers had lower mean total testosterone (TT) levels compared to additives workers (458 and 442, respectively, vs. 556 ng/dL; p = 0.05 and 0.04). Current and former DAS workers were 3.6 (95% CI, 0.5-24.4) and 2.2 (95% CI, 0.3-18.0) times more likely than additives workers to have lowest quartile TT levels (< 386 ng/dL) after adjustment for age and body mass index. Duration of employment in DAS production was negatively related to the workers' testosterone levels. These data suggest that occupational DAS exposure may be associated with alterations in male reproductive hormone levels. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Grajewski, B AU - Whelan, E A AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Mouradian, R AU - Alderfer, R AU - Wild, D K AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 49 EP - 57 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - 0 KW - Stilbenes KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- blood KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Testis -- abnormalities KW - Testosterone -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78329273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+reproductive+function+among+men+occupationally+exposed+to+a+stilbene+derivative%3A+I.+Hormonal+and+physical+status.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+B%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BMouradian%2C+R%3BAlderfer%2C+R%3BWild%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary restriction on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolic activation and pulmonary BaP-DNA adduct formation in mouse. AN - 78312176; 8804551 AB - Hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities of laboratory animals can be modulated by Dietary restriction (DR). The modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities can affect the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. Acute DR (60% of the food consumption of ad libitum (AL)-fed mice for 7 weeks) reduced the body weights of the male B6C3F1 mice, and increased mouse pulmonary cytochrome P4501A1-dependent BaP metabolizing enzyme activity. The effects of DR on the formation of the specific BaP-DNA adduct, 10-(N2-deoxyguanosinyl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP (BaP-N2-dG) in mouse lung can be detected by using 32P-postlabeling technique. In both AL- and DR-mice total BaP-DNA adduct formation in lung reached a peak at 48 hours after treatment with [3H]BaP and the in vivo formation of BaP-N2-dG was greater in DR mouse lung than in that of AL-animals by 22%. DR increased in vitro BaP-N2-dG formation by 39% when calf-thymus DNA was incubated with BaP using liver microsomes obtained from DR- or AL-mice as the enzyme source. The formation of the specific BaP-N2-dG adducts, measured by 32P-postlabeling, was only 20% of the total [3H]BaP-DNA adducts as determined by liquid scintillation counting. The increase of BaP-DNA adduct formation in mouse lung was correlated to the enhancement of the mouse pulmonary BaP metabolizing enzyme activity. Our results indicated that the effect of DR on the metabolic activation of BaP in mouse lung was dependent upon the mouse lung cytochrome P4501A1-dependent BaP metabolizing enzymes activities which was significantly increased by DR. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Chen, W AU - Zhou, Y AU - Nichols, J AU - Chung, K T AU - Hart, R W AU - Chou, M W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 21 EP - 39 VL - 19 IS - 1-2 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase KW - EC 1.14.14.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Weight Gain KW - Organ Size KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases -- metabolism KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase -- pharmacology KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes -- physiology KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78312176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+restriction+on+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+%28BaP%29+metabolic+activation+and+pulmonary+BaP-DNA+adduct+formation+in+mouse.&rft.au=Chen%2C+W%3BZhou%2C+Y%3BNichols%2C+J%3BChung%2C+K+T%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BChou%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Assessment of mercury neurotoxicity through psychometric and neurobehavioral testing: session summary. AN - 78301658; 8784834 AB - Neurobehavioral disorders are well-recognized among the adverse health effects of exposure to mercury. The effort to characterize these effects in animals and humans has progressed steadily over several decades. This has included a variety of study designs, and employed a variety of measurement techniques to evaluate exposure of individuals and populations. The Twelfth International Neurotoxicology Conference, Neurotoxicity of Mercury: Indicators and Effects of Low-Level Exposure, included a plenary session on the predictive value of psychometric and neurobehavioral testing of animals and humans in assessing neurotoxic effects. This session provided a broad view of the methods currently in use to measure adverse effects on the nervous system, in particular those effects that might be attributed to mercury exposure. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Amler, R W AU - Rice, D C AU - Johnson, B L Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 237 EP - 239 VL - 17 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78301658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+mercury+neurotoxicity+through+psychometric+and+neurobehavioral+testing%3A+session+summary.&rft.au=Amler%2C+R+W%3BRice%2C+D+C%3BJohnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Amler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The polymerase chain reaction: applications for the detection of foodborne pathogens. AN - 78276057; 8747102 AB - Faster methods for the detection of foodborne microbial pathogens are needed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can amplify specific segments of DNA and is used to detect and identify bacterial genes responsible for causing diseases in humans. The major features and requirements for the PCR are described along with a number of important variations. A considerable number of PCR-based assays have been developed, but they have been applied most often to clinical and environmental samples and more rarely for the detection of foodborne microorganisms. Much of the difficulty in implementing PCR for the analysis of food samples lies in the problems encountered during the preparation of template DNAs from food matrices; a variety of approaches and considerations are examined. PCR methods developed for the detection and identification of particular bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in foods are described and discussed, and the major features of these reactions are summarized. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Hill, W E AD - Seafood Products Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 123 EP - 173 VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Food Parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78276057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+polymerase+chain+reaction%3A+applications+for+the+detection+of+foodborne+pathogens.&rft.au=Hill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential alternatives to hospitalization for patients with severe and persistent mental illness: should patients with comorbid substance abuse be excluded? AN - 78273637; 10172714 AB - Residential alternatives to hospitalization for adults with severe mental illness in crisis were not designed for, and often exclude, persons with coexisting substance abuse disorders. Given high comorbidity rates, however, it is important to know whether residential alternatives can be effective for patients with dual diagnoses. To explore the impact of comorbidity on treatment outcomes, structured interviews were conducted at admission and discharge with 92 consecutive admissions to a residential alternative. Using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, two groups were identified: 24 patients with and 68 patients without comorbid substance abuse disorders. At admission, the two groups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics. The treatment was effective independent of comorbidity; at discharge, treatment success, symptom improvement, and patient satisfaction were similar for both groups. Persons with coexisting substance abuse disorders remained in residence a week longer, but the difference was not statistically significant. Residential alternatives appear suitable for patients with dual diagnoses. JF - Journal of mental health administration AU - Herrell, J M AU - Fenton, W AU - Mosher, L R AU - Hedlund, S AU - Lee, B AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 348 EP - 355 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0092-8623, 0092-8623 KW - Health administration KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Patient Admission KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) KW - Maryland KW - Hospitals, Psychiatric -- utilization KW - Male KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Mental Disorders -- complications KW - Mental Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Group Homes -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78273637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+mental+health+administration&rft.atitle=Residential+alternatives+to+hospitalization+for+patients+with+severe+and+persistent+mental+illness%3A+should+patients+with+comorbid+substance+abuse+be+excluded%3F&rft.au=Herrell%2C+J+M%3BFenton%2C+W%3BMosher%2C+L+R%3BHedlund%2C+S%3BLee%2C+B&rft.aulast=Herrell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+mental+health+administration&rft.issn=00928623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of orange B when given to rats by gavage. AN - 78212353; 8713713 AB - The pyrazolone dye Orange B was given by gavage to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats throughout gestation. Dose levels of 0, 15, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 700 mg/kg body weight were given daily. On gestation day 20, the females were killed and cesarean sections were performed. Feed consumption and maternal weight gain were not affected. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No compound-related effects were seen in sternebral development. No dose-related effect was seen in the incidence of skeletal variations in fetuses or in the number of litters containing fetuses with skeletal variations. Skeletal development, as measured by the average number of ossified vertebrae, was similar in all groups. No compound-related effects were seen in soft-tissue development. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Collins, T F AU - Black, T N AU - Rorie, J I AU - Sprando, R L AU - Ruggles, D I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 45 EP - 57 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pyrazoles KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - orange B KW - RGU455OS50 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Drinking KW - Administration, Oral KW - Pregnancy Rate KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Pyrazoles -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78212353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+orange+B+when+given+to+rats+by+gavage.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRorie%2C+J+I%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BRuggles%2C+D+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA sequence analysis of hprt mutations in lymphocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AN - 78197227; 8698046 AB - Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with the potent mammary gland carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) results in the formation of DNA adducts with dG and dA and in the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) lymphocyte mutants. In this study, we have examined the types of mutations induced in TGr lymphocytes from DMBA-treated rats. DNA from 263 TGr lymphocyte clones was screened for mutations in exons 2, 3, and 8 of the hprt gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the exons followed by heteroduplex analysis using denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five of the clones produced heteroduplexes in exon 2, 35 produced heteroduplexes in exon 3, and 36 produced heteroduplexes in exon 8. Direct sequence analysis of the heteroduplexes revealed 96 mutations, and at least 74 of these mutations were produced independently. Eighty-five of the total mutations were simple base pair (bp) substitutions, with A --> T and G --> T transversions being the predominant types. Seven mutations were deletions, three were complex bp substitutions, and one was an insertion. The results suggest that the types of mutations produced by DMBA in rat lymphocytes are specific to the DNA adducts produced by this compound. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Heflich, R H AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. RHeflich@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 5 EP - 12 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Base Sequence KW - Exons KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Introns KW - Female KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78197227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=DNA+sequence+analysis+of+hprt+mutations+in+lymphocytes+from+Sprague-Dawley+rats+treated+with+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene.&rft.au=Heflich%2C+R+H%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Heflich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U48799; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on time estimation behavior and motivation in rats. AN - 78149885; 8848440 AB - The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on performance of two operant tasks, one modelling time estimation and the other motivation to work for food reinforcers, were investigated in rats. These same tasks had been used previously in rhesus monkeys to assess the effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam. Rat performance of the time estimation task [temporal response differentiation (TRD)] was nearly identical to that previously described in monkeys. This performance similarity across these two species occurred despite slightly different methodologies. Performance of the motivation task [progressive ratio (PR)] was clearly different between rats and adult monkeys in that rats exhibited lower values on all PR endpoints. Acute administration of chlorpromazine [0.03-5.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)] caused decrements in rat TRD and PR performance at doses > or = 1.0 mg/kg. Acute administration of diazepam (0.25-4.0 mg/kg, IP) altered TRD performance only. The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam in rats were similar to those previously noted in the monkey, indicating the potential utility of rat performance in these operant tasks to predict drug effects in the rhesus monkey. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@fdant.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 115 EP - 122 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Chlorpromazine KW - U42B7VYA4P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hand Strength -- physiology KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacology KW - Motivation KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpromazine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78149885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chlorpromazine+and+diazepam+on+time+estimation+behavior+and+motivation+in+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thrombocytopenia after immunization with measles vaccines: review of the vaccine adverse events reporting system (1990 to 1994). AN - 78132966; 8684885 JF - The Pediatric infectious disease journal AU - Beeler, J AU - Varricchio, F AU - Wise, R AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. beeler@a1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 88 EP - 90 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Measles Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Thrombocytopenia -- etiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Vaccination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Thrombocytopenia -- mortality KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Purpura, Thrombocytopenic -- etiology KW - Measles Vaccine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78132966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.atitle=Thrombocytopenia+after+immunization+with+measles+vaccines%3A+review+of+the+vaccine+adverse+events+reporting+system+%281990+to+1994%29.&rft.au=Beeler%2C+J%3BVarricchio%2C+F%3BWise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Beeler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leukoencephalomalacia and hemorrhage in the brain of rabbits gavaged with mycotoxin fumonisin B1. AN - 78090738; 8680754 AB - Two of five pregnant rabbits gavaged with purified fumonisin B1 at 1.75 mg/kg/day died, one after 9 and one after 13 doses. Microscopic examination revealed focal small hemorrhages in cerebral white matter in both animals, with malacia and hemorrhage also present in the hippocampus of one. The lesions were bilateral. Both animals also had marked degeneration of renal tubule epithelium and of hepatocytes. Apoptosis was the dominant degenerative change in kidney and liver. Fumonisin is known to cause leukoencephalomalacia and hemorrhage in equines, but CNS changes associated with exposure to fumonisins apparently have not been reported in other species. This preliminary observation in rabbits is reported to alert other investigators of a potential model of the disease in equines, as well as for investigation of potential mechanisms of toxicity to the CNS. JF - Natural toxins AU - Bucci, T J AU - Hansen, D K AU - LaBorde, J B AD - Pathology Division, Pathology Associates International, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 52 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Food Contamination KW - Rabbits KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cerebral Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78090738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Leukoencephalomalacia+and+hemorrhage+in+the+brain+of+rabbits+gavaged+with+mycotoxin+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Bucci%2C+T+J%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Bucci&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silver products for medical indications: risk-benefit assessment. AN - 78056760; 8632503 AB - Legitimate medicinal use of silver-containing products has dramatically diminished over the last several decades. Recently, however, some manufacturers have begun to enthusiastically promote oral colloidal silver proteins as mineral supplements and for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Indiscriminate use of silver products can lead to toxicity such as argyria. To assist health care professionals in a risk versus benefit assessment of over-the-counter silver-containing products, we herein examine the following issues: historical uses, chemistry, pharmacology, clinical toxicology, case reports of adverse events in the literature, and the recent promotion of over-the-counter silver products. Other sources of silver exposure (including environmental and dietary) and EPA exposure standards are discussed. A list of currently available silver products is provided for easy reference and screening. We emphasize the lack of established effectiveness and potential toxicity of these products. JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - Fung, M C AU - Bowen, D L AD - Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Silver Compounds KW - 0 KW - Silver Proteins KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Silver Proteins -- chemistry KW - Argyria -- etiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Silver Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Silver Compounds -- poisoning KW - Silver Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Silver Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78056760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Silver+products+for+medical+indications%3A+risk-benefit+assessment.&rft.au=Fung%2C+M+C%3BBowen%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160485479&rft.btitle=Emergency+Medical+Dispatch.+National+Standard+Curriculum.+Instructor+Guide.+Trainee+Guide.&rft.title=Emergency+Medical+Dispatch.+National+Standard+Curriculum.+Instructor+Guide.+Trainee+Guide.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and reduction of sources of dietary lead in the United States. AN - 78049076; 8647307 AB - Lead, an environmental contaminant, originates from a variety of sources. For over two decades, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made a number of efforts to reduce dietary lead exposure of the general population, and especially of vulnerable subpopulations such as infants and children and, indirectly, the foetus. Through cooperation with infant food manufacturers, reductions of about 80-90% in the lead content of infant foods were achieved, primarily through eliminating the use of cans for infant food products and following good manufacturing practices. Another major reduction in dietary lead was realized by discontinuing the use of lead solder in domestically produced food cans. FDA has also taken steps to minimize or further reduce sources of lead in the diet from lead glazes on ceramicware, leaded crystalware, dietary supplements bottle water, and lead capsules on wine bottles. These actions have resulted in a considerable decrease in the exposure of the United States population to dietary lead. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Bolger, P M AU - Yess, N J AU - Gunderson, E L AU - Troxell, T C AU - Carrington, C D AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 53 EP - 60 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Food Preservation KW - Child, Preschool KW - Ceramics KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wine KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Lead -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78049076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Identification+and+reduction+of+sources+of+dietary+lead+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Bolger%2C+P+M%3BYess%2C+N+J%3BGunderson%2C+E+L%3BTroxell%2C+T+C%3BCarrington%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Food Addit Contam 1996 May-Jun;13(4):476 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk analysis of dietary lead exposure. AN - 78048677; 8647308 AB - Distribution of intake and lead levels in dietary and non-dietary sources and of lead absorption were used in a Monte-Carlo simulation to predict blood lead levels in populations of concern. Blood lead levels were determined with and without particular dietary sources, and added risk was estimated for each source. These calculations permit comparisons of relative risk used to evaluate and limit dietary exposure to lead. Added risk of exposure to lead in wine, calcium supplements and ceramic-ware, and drinking water were calculated for adult men, pregnant women, and children, respectively. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Carrington, C D AU - Bolger, P M AU - Scheuplein, R J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 61 EP - 76 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wine KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- administration & dosage KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78048677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-02-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Mental%2C+Emotional+and+Behavior+Disorders+in+Children+and+Adolescents.+Factsheet.&rft.title=Mental%2C+Emotional+and+Behavior+Disorders+in+Children+and+Adolescents.+Factsheet.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw materials by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. AN - 78014838; 8624419 AB - Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw material samples has been accomplished by three liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques. Two of the techniques involved conventional methodologies of LC/MS and LC/tandem mass spectrometry, both of which can be used to detect and identify products formed under extreme-nitrosation conditions. The third technique utilized an on-line coupling of a photolysis reactor with the LC/MS, and it may be used as a rapid and specific means of screening for the presence of known and unknown N-nitrosamines, which may be carcinogenic. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Volmer, D A AU - Lay, J O AU - Billedeau, M AU - Vollmer, D L AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Rsearch, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 715 EP - 720 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Nitroso Compounds KW - para-Aminobenzoates KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid KW - TL2TJE8QTX KW - padimate-O KW - Z11006CMUZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Photolysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- chemistry KW - Cosmetics -- analysis KW - Nitroso Compounds -- chemistry KW - Nitroso Compounds -- analysis KW - Cosmetics -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78014838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+nitrosation+products+in+cosmetics+raw+materials+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+techniques.&rft.au=Volmer%2C+D+A%3BLay%2C+J+O%3BBilledeau%2C+M%3BVollmer%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Volmer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of mutation and comparison of mutation profiles in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with benzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide, 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide, and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8- diol-anti-9,10-epoxide. AN - 77997236; 8625944 AB - Both 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (nitro-BaP) are environmental contaminants, potent mutagens in Salmonella, and moderate mutagens in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The mutagenicity of their oxidized metabolites,trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-epoxy -7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1-nitro-BaP-DE) and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]- pyrene (3-nitro-BaPDE), together with trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9, 10-ep- oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP-DE), was determined in CHO-K1 cells, and the resulting mutations at the hprt locus were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse-transcribed hprt mRNA, followed by DNA sequence analysis. The mutant frequencies, in mutants/10(6) clonable cells, at 30 and 100 ng/ml, were BaP-DE, 248 and 456; 1-nitro-BaP-DE, 68 and 260; 3-nitro-BaP-DE, 81 and 232, respectively. In general, the three diolepoxides exhibited similar mutational spectra: 1) 64% (23/36 sequenced mutants) of BaP-DE, 53% (19/36) of 1-nitro-BaP-DE, and 64% (23/36) of 3-nitro-BaP-DE mutants resulted from simple base pair substitution, with the predominant mutation being G-->T transversion; 2) 90%, 100%, and 100% of mutations at G:C had the mutated dG on the nontranscribed DNA strand; and 3) about one quarter of the mutants produced by each mutagen had one or more PCR products with partial or complete exon deletions. The mutagens induced few frameshifts or complex mutations. Among the differences in mutational specificity for the three diolepoxides, the proportion of substituted dGs with 3' purines was significant (P 0.05). Also, high proportions of BaP-DE and 3-nitro-BaP-DE base pair substitutions at G:C occurred in DNA sequence contexts of 5'-GG-3', 5'-GGA-3', and 5'-TGGA-3', while the proportions of 1-nitro-BaP-DE mutants in these contexts were often lower. The results indicate that nitro substitution at C1 or C3 of BaP-DE reduces mutational potency in CHO cells and appears to have only subtle effects upon the mutational pattern in the hprt gene. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Zhan, D J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 29 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - DNA Adducts KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 149559-16-0 KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 88598-54-3 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mutagenesis KW - Frameshift Mutation KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Point Mutation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cricetulus -- genetics KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Cricetinae KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- toxicity KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77997236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+mutation+and+comparison+of+mutation+profiles+in+the+hprt+gene+of+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells+treated+with+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+trans-7%2C8-diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxide%2C+1-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+trans-7%2C8-diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxide%2C+and+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+trans-7%2C8-+diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxide.&rft.au=Zhan%2C+D+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle traverse in AHH-1 tk +/- human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to the chromosomal mutagen, m-amsa. AN - 77996048; 8625943 AB - AHH-1 tk +/- cells were exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent, m-amsa, both in complete medium and in medium without serum, subcultured in complete medium, and the effect on the traverse of the cell cycle determined by flow cytometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeled DNA. After exposure to m-amsa (day 0), the percentage of S-phase cells increased significantly (P < 0.0017) with increasing concentration. Cells also accumulated in G2/M as evidenced by the significant (P < 0.0026), concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of cells detected within this phase. Serum deprivation during exposure resulted in significantly (P = 0.024) more cells in S-phase than in cultures exposed to m-amsa in complete medium. After three days in culture, a significant (P = 0.0001) accumulation of cells in G2/M was present; the percentage of cells in G2/M did not differ significantly (P = 0.148) in cultures exposed to m-amsa in complete medium or in serum-free medium. However, a significant (P < 0.001) loss of S-phase cells was found in cultures exposed without serum. At day 7, no significant concentration effects were detected (GO/G1, P = 0.6026; S-phase, P = 0.9773; G2/M, P = 0.8401). These results demonstrate that exposure to m-amsa perturbs the traverse of the cell cycle, initially by inhibiting the completion of S-phase and followed by an accumulation of cells in G2/M. In addition, exposure to m-amsa under conditions of serum deprivation results in an increased percentage of cells in the initial S-phase after exposure, the loss of S-phase cells from the culture after three days, and the appearance of subdiploid peak, consistent with cells undergoing apoptosis. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Morris, S M AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Domon, O E AU - Chen, J J AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicity, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 10 EP - 18 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Culture Media, Serum-Free KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Intercalating Agents KW - Mutagens KW - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors KW - Amsacrine KW - 00DPD30SOY KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - G2 Phase -- drug effects KW - Chromosomes, Human -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Amsacrine -- toxicity KW - Intercalating Agents -- toxicity KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77996048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+traverse+in+AHH-1+tk+%2B%2F-+human+lymphoblastoid+cells+exposed+to+the+chromosomal+mutagen%2C+m-amsa.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wiley Award Address. Evolution of methods for the detection of Salmonella in foods. AN - 77992837; 8620109 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Andrews, W H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 4 EP - 12 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Food Analysis -- history KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - History, 19th Century KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Awards and Prizes KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77992837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+control+in+the+dental+operatory%3A+Auxiliary+exhaust+and+mask+leakage%2C+design%2C+and+scavenging+flow+rate+as+factors&rft.au=Crouch%2C+K+G%3BJohnston%2C+O+E&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health perspectives on environmental exposure to benzidine: a review. AN - 77992245; 8581430 AB - Benzidine, an odorless, white to slightly reddish-white crystalline organic compound, is an environmental contaminant that has been identified at about 30 National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites in the United States. In the environment, it is usually found attached to suspended particles either in its "free" state or as chloride or sulfate salts. In the past, U.S. industries used large quantities of benzidine to produce dyes for paper, clothes, and leather. Since the ban on its production and use in the United States in the 1970s, this compound is imported for specialty uses. People living near hazardous waste sites might be exposed to benzidine by drinking contaminated water, by inhaling contaminated air, or by swallowing or touching contaminated dust. People can also be exposed by using benzidine dyes on paper, clothes, and other materials. Human occupational data and studies of laboratory animals suggest that people exposed to benzidine may develop adverse systemic health effects or cancer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the World Health Organization (WHO) have classified benzidine as a carcinogen. Urinary bladder cancer is the most common form of cancer caused by exposure to benzidine. The stomach, kidneys, brain, mouth, esophagus, liver, and gallbladder might also be targets. The information presented in the article may help public health officials, physicians, and toxicologists evaluate and develop the health information materials on the nature of benzidine in the environment and its potential impact on public health. JF - Chemosphere AU - Choudhary, G AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 267 EP - 291 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Benzidines KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Hazardous Waste KW - benzidine KW - 2X02101HVF KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Public Health KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Benzidines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benzidines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77992245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Human+health+perspectives+on+environmental+exposure+to+benzidine%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+G&rft.aulast=Choudhary&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - History of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study (Part II), 1987-1993. AN - 77990876; 8620105 AB - The Total Diet Studies conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provide yearly information on levels of pesticide residues, contaminants, and nutrients in the food supply and diets of specific age-sex groups. They also identify trends and changes in the levels of these substances in the food supply and in diets over time. Results are useful in making policy decisions regarding the safety of the food supply, food additives, pesticide use, nutrient fortification, and food labeling. This paper provides information on studies performed by FDA from 1987 to 1993. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pennington, J A AU - Capar, S G AU - Parfitt, C H AU - Edwards, C W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 163 EP - 170 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Radioisotopes KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Pyridoxine KW - KV2JZ1BI6Z KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Pyridoxine -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Radioisotopes -- analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Folic Acid -- analysis KW - Male KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77990876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+Total+Diet+Study+%28Part+II%29%2C+1987-1993.&rft.au=Pennington%2C+J+A%3BCapar%2C+S+G%3BParfitt%2C+C+H%3BEdwards%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimated content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in ready-to-eat foods. AN - 77986229; 8620107 AB - Content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in 340 samples of ready-to-eat foods were determined gravimetrically. Volatile liquids were determined by drying samples in a microwave oven with a self-contained balance; results were printed out automatically. Fat extractables were extracted from the samples with mixed ethers; extracts were dried and weighed manually. The samples, 191 nonfat and 149 fatty (containing ca 2% or more fat) foods, represent about 5000 different food items and include infant and toddler, ethnic, fast, and imported items. Samples were initially prepared for screening of essential and toxic elements and chemical contamination by chopping and mixing into homogenous composites. Content determinations were then made on separate portions from each composite. Content results were put into a database for evaluation. Overall, mean results from both determinations agree with published data for moisture and fat contents of similar food items. Coefficients of variation, however, were lower for determination of volatile liquids than for that of fat extractables. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Daft, J L AU - Cline, J K AU - Palmer, R E AU - Sisk, R L AU - Griffitt, K R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Kansas City District Office, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 186 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Microwaves KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Volatilization KW - Desiccation KW - Food Analysis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Dietary Fats -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77986229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Estimated+content+percentages+of+volatile+liquids+and+fat+extractables+in+ready-to-eat+foods.&rft.au=Daft%2C+J+L%3BCline%2C+J+K%3BPalmer%2C+R+E%3BSisk%2C+R+L%3BGriffitt%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Daft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calorie restriction modulates chemically induced in vivo somatic mutation frequency. AN - 77983652; 8603668 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Casciano, D A AU - Chou, M AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 162 EP - 164 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Energy Intake KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77983652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Calorie+restriction+modulates+chemically+induced+in+vivo+somatic+mutation+frequency.&rft.au=Casciano%2C+D+A%3BChou%2C+M%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Casciano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case study: control of methylene chloride exposures during furniture stripping. AN - 77981975; 8588552 AB - Methylene chloride, a potential occupational carcinogen, is one of the principal solvents used for furniture stripping. Methylene chloride exposures among workers in furniture stripping operations have been found to be high. This article describes a furniture stripping operation at a sheltered workshop before and after the ventilation system was modified. Previous to ventilation system modifications, workers who were stripping furniture had exposures to methylene chloride ranging from 600 to 1150 ppm. These high exposures and an evaluation of the ventilation system prompted the design and installation of a modified ventilation system. Primary modifications included installing a local ventilation hood, decreasing the velocity of makeup air entering the stripping area, removing a contaminated charcoal adsorption bed and improving work practices. The modified system was arranged into three configurations that included a slot hood, a downdraft hood, and a combination slot and downdraft hood. The three configurations were evaluated over a three-day period, and it was found that they controlled the worker's personal exposures to methylene chloride while stripping to 28 ppm for the combination configuration, 30 ppm for the downdraft configuration, and 34 ppm for the slot configuration. Although the exposures are above the proposed Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure level of 25 ppm, these results show a substantial improvement over the existing ventilation system. The ventilation system described is applicable to other furniture stripping facilities if rinse area local ventilation is improved. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Estill, C F AU - Spencer, A B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 43 EP - 49 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Interior Design and Furnishings KW - Ventilation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77981975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Case+study%3A+control+of+methylene+chloride+exposures+during+furniture+stripping.&rft.au=Estill%2C+C+F%3BSpencer%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Jun;57(6):575-6 [8651078] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunohistopathology and T cell receptor gene expression in capsules surrounding silicone breast implants. AN - 77976323; 8565561 JF - Current topics in microbiology and immunology AU - O'Hanlon, T P AU - Okada, S AU - Love, L A AU - Dick, G AU - Young, V L AU - Miller, F W AD - Molecular Immunology Laboratory, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 210 SN - 0070-217X, 0070-217X KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - 0 KW - Silicones KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Silicones -- adverse effects KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- genetics KW - Breast Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77976323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+topics+in+microbiology+and+immunology&rft.atitle=Immunohistopathology+and+T+cell+receptor+gene+expression+in+capsules+surrounding+silicone+breast+implants.&rft.au=O%27Hanlon%2C+T+P%3BOkada%2C+S%3BLove%2C+L+A%3BDick%2C+G%3BYoung%2C+V+L%3BMiller%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=O%27Hanlon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+topics+in+microbiology+and+immunology&rft.issn=0070217X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury mortality rates in the United States: changes from 1980 to 1989. AN - 77966459; 8561247 AB - Changes in occupational injury mortality rates over the 1980s were examined through analysis of the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system. The US occupational injury mortality rate decreased 37% over the decade, with decreases seen in nearly every demographic and employment sector. Greater declines were among men, Blacks, and younger workers, as well as among agricultural, trade, and service workers. Electrocutions, machine-related incidents, and homicides showed the greatest decreases. Changes in occupational mortality rates by demography, industry, and cause of death indicate the areas in which the most progress has been made and those that are prime targets for prevention efforts. JF - American journal of public health AU - Stout, N A AU - Jenkins, E L AU - Pizatella, T J AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 73 EP - 77 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - United States KW - North America KW - Mortality KW - Age Factors KW - Crime KW - Americas KW - Sex Factors KW - Population Dynamics KW - Human Resources KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Northern America KW - Homicide KW - Causes Of Death KW - Population Characteristics KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Demographic Factors KW - Social Problems KW - Occupations KW - Differential Mortality KW - Cultural Background KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77966459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+mortality+rates+in+the+United+States%3A+changes+from+1980+to+1989.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A%3BJenkins%2C+E+L%3BPizatella%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):725-8 [1827569] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1992 May 29;41(3):1-33 [1635547] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):646-9 [7755674] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedative-hypnotic drugs and the risk of hip fracture. AN - 77966198; 8598503 AB - A retrospective cohort study was conducted in individuals 65 years of age and older using Medicaid-reimbursed claims to assess the risk of hip fracture in users of two sedative-hypnotic drugs, triazolam and temazepam. Using the triazolam cohort as the referent group, the rate ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.17) for hip fracture with temazepam. Stratifying by age, sex, race, residence, time enrolled in Medicaid, prescription number, combinations of these, and several other potential confounding variables did not materially change the results. Compared with the short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic temazepam, use of triazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic, did not decrease the risk of hip fracture. This study did not determine that either drug, compared with no use in an insomniac control group, increases the risk of hip fracture. However, because sedative-hypnotic drugs have been found in other studies to increase the risk of falling and hip fracture, they should be used with caution, especially in the elderly. JF - Journal of clinical epidemiology AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Baum, C AU - Ferguson, W J AU - Lundin, F AU - Ng, M J AU - Hammerstrom, T AD - Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 111 EP - 113 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Triazolam KW - 1HM943223R KW - Temazepam KW - CHB1QD2QSS KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Accidental Falls KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - Female KW - Male KW - Medicaid -- statistics & numerical data KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- therapeutic use KW - Temazepam -- adverse effects KW - Triazolam -- therapeutic use KW - Hip Fractures -- etiology KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- adverse effects KW - Triazolam -- adverse effects KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- adverse effects KW - Temazepam -- therapeutic use KW - Hip Fractures -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77966198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Sedative-hypnotic+drugs+and+the+risk+of+hip+fracture.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BBaum%2C+C%3BFerguson%2C+W+J%3BLundin%2C+F%3BNg%2C+M+J%3BHammerstrom%2C+T&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of latex-specific IgE antibodies in hospital personnel. AN - 77958584; 8564628 AB - Rubber latex hypersensitivity is an important concern for health care workers. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, in collaboration with the Consumer Product Safety Commission, conducted a multicenter study of the prevalence of latex-specific IgE antibodies among United States hospital personnel. Nine hospitals participated in the cross-sectional study. A total of 504 hospital personnel completed questionnaires that provided an array of demographic, occupational, and clinical information, including a history, if any, of allergies and the use of latex and nonlatex gloves. More than three-quarters (76.5%) of the participants were tested for total IgE and latex specific IgE. A total of 21 (5.5%, 95% CI = 3%-7%) of the tested participants were positive for the presence of latex specific IgE antibodies, defined as a latex IgE level of > or = 0.6 ng/mL. Latex specific IgE antibodies were more prevalent in participants who reported tachycardia, palpitations, flushing, or wheezing associated with latex gloves (Odds Ratio = 10.2, 95% CI = 3.7-28.6). The study's results suggest that the prevalence of latex-specific IgE antibodies among hospital personnel is appreciable and these personnel and their health care providers should be aware of this entity. JF - Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology AU - Kaczmarek, R G AU - Silverman, B G AU - Gross, T P AU - Hamilton, R G AU - Kessler, E AU - Arrowsmith-Lowe, J T AU - Moore, R M AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 51 EP - 56 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 1081-1206, 1081-1206 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Rubber -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Dermatitis, Atopic -- epidemiology KW - Dermatitis, Atopic -- etiology KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Atopic -- immunology KW - Hand Dermatoses -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology KW - Hand Dermatoses -- epidemiology KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- analysis KW - Gloves, Surgical KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- immunology KW - Hand Dermatoses -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77958584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+latex-specific+IgE+antibodies+in+hospital+personnel.&rft.au=Kaczmarek%2C+R+G%3BSilverman%2C+B+G%3BGross%2C+T+P%3BHamilton%2C+R+G%3BKessler%2C+E%3BArrowsmith-Lowe%2C+J+T%3BMoore%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Kaczmarek&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.issn=10811206&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flutamide hepatotoxicity. AN - 77925765; 7490837 AB - Observed and expected reporting rates were compared in patients who died or were hospitalized due to hepatotoxicity associated with the use of flutamide. Case series were submitted to the MedWatch Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration. Reporting rates for serious hepatotoxicity due to flutamide were calculated and compared to rates for hospitalized patients with acute idiopathic hepatitis in the medical literature. After the marketing of flutamide in the United States, between February 1989 and December 1994 the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 20 patients who died and 26 who were hospitalized for hepatotoxicity due to flutamide. The rate of approximately 3 per 10,000 flutamide users exceeds by 10-fold or more the expected rate of hospitalizations for acute noninfectious liver injury of 2.5 per 100,000 men 65 years and older. Autopsies in 6 cases revealed marked to massive hepatic necrosis as the predominant feature. Flutamide is a potent hepatotoxin in certain patients. Serial blood aminotransferase levels should be monitored during the first few months of flutamide treatment. Before beginning use of this drug patients should be instructed to report immediately to physicians any episodes of nausea, vomiting, fatigue and jaundice so that flutamide can be promptly discontinued to avoid progression of possible liver injury. JF - The Journal of urology AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Fourcroy, J L AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 209 EP - 212 VL - 155 IS - 1 SN - 0022-5347, 0022-5347 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Hirsutism -- drug therapy KW - Aged KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Flutamide -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- administration & dosage KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Flutamide -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects KW - Flutamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77925765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+urology&rft.atitle=Flutamide+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BFourcroy%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+urology&rft.issn=00225347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Urol. 1996 Jan;155(1):226-7 [7490840] Erratum In: J Urol 1996 Apr;155(4):1396 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Healing Fractured Lives: How Three School-Based Projects Approach Violence Prevention and Mental Health Care. AN - 62586197; ED408542 AB - Many health and education practitioners agree that school-based violence prevention services can counteract the negative effects of violence by offering children access to mental health care. The lessons learned at three sites that implemented such programs in various schools are reported here. Although the sample of sites was small and diverse, certain tentative findings, which influence planning, designing, implementing, and sustaining school-based violence prevention programs, are offered. The sites included: (1) E. A. Hawse Center in rural Baker, West Virginia; (2) Baltimore Medical Systems, Inc., in Baltimore, Maryland; and (3) Northeast Valley Health Corporation in San Fernando, California. The report and attached case studies present insights based on each site's understanding of the issues, strategies, obstacles, and solutions involved in providing school-based mental health/violence prevention services. This is not an evaluation of the projects, but is a compilation of lessons learned. In section 1, key features of school-based mental health/violence prevention projects are discussed. Some of these features include the role of community and school context, activities and services that support violence prevention and mental health, and securing adequate space and an appropriate location for services. Section 2 concentrates on program administration with an emphasis on key roles, responsibilities, and relationships. Some of the findings discussed here concentrate on management and organization structure, staff background, mental health care, and coordinating school and mental health practices. Financing, assessment, and accountability are addressed in the next section with emphasis on funding, self assessment, and evidence of success. The last section offers recommendations from the field. Three case studies are included. (RJM) AU - Fiester, Leila AU - Nathanson, Sara Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 78 KW - School Based Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - School Community Relationship KW - Case Studies KW - Mental Health KW - Secondary School Students KW - School Security KW - Violence KW - Pupil Personnel Services KW - Secondary Education KW - School Community Programs KW - Prevention KW - Victims of Crime KW - Student Needs KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62586197?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Keeping Youth Drug-Free: A Guide for Parents, Grandparents, Elders, Mentors, and Other Caregivers. AN - 62544760; ED398523 AB - Research indicates that parents, grandparents, elders, foster parents, youth leaders, coaches, and others can play a major role in keeping young people from using alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs. This booklet provides caregivers some guidelines in communicating with youth about these potential problems. It is geared to the parents or guardians of 9-to-13 year olds, but the material and exercises can also work for different age groups. The booklet is divided into five sections, based on the five reasons that young people give for using marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco (the most commonly used substances): (1) to feel grown up; (2) to fit in; (3) to relax and feel better; (4) to take risks; and (5) to satisfy curiosity. Each section provides background on each reason, information on how adults can help, and exercises to share with children. For caretakers who presently use alcohol or who have tried marijuana or other illegal substances, this guide provides information that can help in steering children away from the use of these substances. The suggestions provided here give guiding principles for communicating with youth; caretakers should use their own words when speaking to their children. Other helpful resources that adults can draw upon are listed in the back. (RJM) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 25 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Parent Materials KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Drug Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62544760?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Trends in Indian Health, 1996. AN - 62492571; ED413135 AB - The Indian Health Service (IHS), an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is responsible for providing health services to American Indians and Alaska Natives living on or near federal reservations (about 60 percent of the Native population). This publication is composed primarily of data tables and graphs that describe the IHS, the health status and demography of American Indians and Alaska Natives, and health and medical services provided. Current and trend information are presented, as well as comparisons with other population groups. Opening sections provide an overview of the IHS, summarize the statistical data, describe data sources and limitations, and include a glossary and additional information sources. The tables and charts are grouped into six major categories: (1) IHS program structure and budget; (2) American Indian demography (population by age and sex, educational attainment, employment status, income, socioeconomic profiles); (3) natality (birth rates and weights, birth by age of mother, infant mortality, maternal deaths, leading causes of neonatal and postneonatal deaths); (4) mortality (mortality rates and causes of death by age group, deaths by age and sex, injury and poisoning, accident deaths, suicide, homicide, alcoholism deaths, disease-related deaths, life expectancy); (5) patient care (hospitalization and major causes by age group, ambulatory medical visits by age group, dental services); and (6) community health (drug-related deaths by age and sex, motor vehicle deaths, nutrition and dietetics, nursing, homes with sanitation facilities deficiencies, health education provided by location and task function). Includes an index and a glossary of ICD-9 codes. (SV) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 168 KW - Cause of Death KW - Indian Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Mortality Rate KW - Birth Rate KW - Suicide KW - Infant Mortality KW - Disease Incidence KW - Educational Attainment KW - Health Education KW - Reservation American Indians KW - Income KW - Demography KW - Health Services KW - Homicide KW - Accidents KW - Public Health KW - Age Groups KW - Graphs KW - Tables (Data) KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62492571?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Back to Sleep: Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) [and] Questions and Answers for Professionals on Infant Sleeping Position and SIDS. AN - 62441859; ED423040 AB - The "Back to Sleep" public health campaign, which recommends that infants be placed on their backs for sleeping help reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), was initiated in 1994. The campaign was led by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and co-sponsored by the U.S. Public Health Service, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the SIDS Alliance, and the Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs. This packet of "Back to Sleep" materials contains a brochure for parents and one for health care professionals. The parent brochure, "Back to Sleep: Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)," defines SIDS, advises parents lay their infants on their backs to sleep, and makes other recommendations to reduce SIDS risk. The professionals' brochure, "Questions and Answers for Professionals on Infant Sleeping Position and SIDS," uses a question-answer format to describe the "Back to Sleep" public health campaign, research on sleep positions and SIDS, prematurity and sleep position, sleep position in hospital nurseries, infants' positional preferences, the age at which to stop using the non-prone position, risk for aspiration and flat spots on the head with supine sleeping, and the use of various devices marketed to maintain infants in a non-prone position during sleep. Also included in the packet of materials is an order form for additional free materials, including videotapes in English and Spanish; and sample magazine and newspaper public service announcements. (KB) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 11 PB - NICHD/Back to Sleep, 31 Center Drive, Room 2A32, Bethesda, MD 20892-2425; phone: 800-505-CRIB, 301-496-5133; fax: 301-496-7101 (Free). KW - Public Service Advertising KW - Public Service Campaigns KW - Sleep Position KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome KW - At Risk Persons KW - Prevention KW - Public Health KW - Parent Materials KW - Sleep KW - Risk Management KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62441859?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - A product of the Back to Sleep Campaign. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mental health, United States, 1996 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA)96-3098 AN - 59756726; 1997-0407020 AB - Statistical information on the mental health delivery system. Topics include reform and financing of mental health services, characteristics of persons using specialty inpatient, outpatient, and partial care programs, growth and direction of managed care, geographical distribution of organized mental care services, human resources in mental health, and other services. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1996. xi+249 pp. AU - Manderscheid, Ronald W AU - Sonnenschein, Mary Anne Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - xi+249 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160488842 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Mental health services -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mental institutions -- United States -- Statistics KW - Social service, Psychiatric -- United States KW - Mentally ill -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mental illness -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59756726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Manderscheid%2C+Ronald+W%3BSonnenschein%2C+Mary+Anne&rft.aulast=Manderscheid&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xi%2B249&rft.isbn=0160488842&rft.btitle=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1996&rft.title=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-048884-2) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National directory of drug abuse and alcoholism treatment and prevention programs: 1995 survey T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 96-3108 AN - 59745007; 1997-0102060 AB - Based on the Uniform Facility Data Set Survey (UFDS) carried out in the 50 states, American Samoa, the District of Columbia, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Republic of Palau, and the Virgin Islands, Oct. 1995. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1996. xiv+512 pp. Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - xiv+512 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160488591 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Drug addicts -- Care and treatment -- Directories KW - Alcoholism -- Rehabilitation -- Directories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xiv%2B512&rft.isbn=0160488591&rft.btitle=National+directory+of+drug+abuse+and+alcoholism+treatment+and+prevention+programs%3A+1995+survey&rft.title=National+directory+of+drug+abuse+and+alcoholism+treatment+and+prevention+programs%3A+1995+survey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-048859-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Reports on HIV/AIDS, 1995 T2 - HIV/NCID/9-95/034 AN - 59741329; 1996-1203020 AB - A compilation of articles on HIV infection and AIDS reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), v. 44 (1995); US, chiefly. JF - CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse, 1996. iii+120 pp. Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - iii+120 PB - CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- United States -- Statistics KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59741329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Reports+on+HIV%2FAIDS%2C+1995&rft.title=Reports+on+HIV%2FAIDS%2C+1995&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - CDC Nat AIDS Clearinghouse pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-stroke rehabilitation: assessment, referral, and patient management: quick reference guide for clinicians AN - 57751292; 90568 AB - The guidelines discuss purpose and scope; medical management; patient assessment; the rehabilitation referral; management of rehabilitation; and reintegration into the community. JF - Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy AU - US Department of Health and Human Services AU - Public Health Service AU - Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; Public Health Service ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 SP - 5 EP - 44 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 8756-4629, 8756-4629 KW - Elderly people KW - USA KW - Rehabilitation KW - Government departments KW - Guidelines KW - Strokes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57751292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+chronic+toxicity+of+lead%3A+an+essential+priority+for+environmental+health.&rft.au=Todd%2C+A+C%3BWetmur%2C+J+G%3BMoline%2C+J+M%3BGodbold%2C+J+H%3BLevin%2C+S+M%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - il. tables. refs N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strokes; Elderly people; Rehabilitation; Guidelines; Government departments; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of fluvially deposited streamside mine waste; material from Canyon Creek, Idaho AN - 52431538; 1999-068411 JF - Report of Investigations - United States Department of Energy AU - Paulson, Anthony J AU - Balderrama, Robert AU - Zahl, Eric Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 58 PB - U. S. Department of Energy, Spokane Research Center, Spokane, WA KW - United States KW - zinc KW - Idaho KW - clastic sediments KW - floodplains KW - grain size KW - fines KW - pollution KW - lead KW - remediation KW - Canyon Creek KW - waste management KW - mineral composition KW - metals KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - cadmium KW - sulfur KW - alluvium KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - tailings KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52431538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Paulson%2C+Anthony+J%3BBalderrama%2C+Robert%3BZahl%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Treatment+of+fluvially+deposited+streamside+mine+waste%3B+material+from+Canyon+Creek%2C+Idaho&rft.title=Treatment+of+fluvially+deposited+streamside+mine+waste%3B+material+from+Canyon+Creek%2C+Idaho&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 24 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04495 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; cadmium; Canyon Creek; clastic sediments; fines; floodplains; fluvial features; grain size; heavy metals; Idaho; leaching; lead; metals; mineral composition; pollution; remediation; sediments; sulfur; tailings; United States; waste disposal; waste management; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New techniques for mining thin-seam mountaintop coal reserves AN - 52377635; 2000-026206 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - DuCarme, Joseph P AU - Jaspal, Jasinder S AU - Kwitkowski, August J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 15 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - roof-fall-tolerant KW - North America KW - mining KW - mines KW - roof control KW - coal mines KW - Appalachians KW - techniques KW - Eastern U.S. KW - coal seams KW - physical models KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - coal exploration KW - coal deposits KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52377635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=DuCarme%2C+Joseph+P%3BJaspal%2C+Jasinder+S%3BKwitkowski%2C+August+J&rft.aulast=DuCarme&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=New+techniques+for+mining+thin-seam+mountaintop+coal+reserves&rft.title=New+techniques+for+mining+thin-seam+mountaintop+coal+reserves&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; coal; coal deposits; coal exploration; coal mines; coal seams; Eastern U.S.; mines; mining; mining geology; North America; physical models; roof control; roof-fall-tolerant; sedimentary rocks; techniques; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength and deformation properties of Belt strata, Coeur d'Alene mining district, ID AN - 52375393; 2000-026211 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Whyatt, J K AU - White, B G AU - Johnson, J C Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 65 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - Idaho KW - experimental studies KW - upper Precambrian KW - Precambrian KW - numerical models KW - strength KW - data processing KW - Proterozoic KW - deformation KW - triaxial tests KW - rock mechanics KW - Mesoproterozoic KW - Kootenai County Idaho KW - Belt Supergroup KW - laboratory studies KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - data bases KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J+K%3BWhite%2C+B+G%3BJohnson%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Strength+and+deformation+properties+of+Belt+strata%2C+Coeur+d%27Alene+mining+district%2C+ID&rft.title=Strength+and+deformation+properties+of+Belt+strata%2C+Coeur+d%27Alene+mining+district%2C+ID&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - 28 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 13 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Belt Supergroup; Coeur d'Alene mining district; data bases; data processing; deformation; experimental studies; Idaho; Kootenai County Idaho; laboratory studies; Mesoproterozoic; numerical models; Precambrian; Proterozoic; rock mechanics; strength; triaxial tests; United States; upper Precambrian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a computer spreadsheet to characterize rock masses prior to subsidence prediction and numerical analysis AN - 52372857; 2000-026189 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - O'Connor, K M AU - Siekmeier, J A AU - Powell, L R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - mines KW - numerical models KW - in situ KW - geologic hazards KW - engineering properties KW - data processing KW - coal mines KW - prediction KW - land subsidence KW - rock mechanics KW - computer programs KW - rock mass rating KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+K+M%3BSiekmeier%2C+J+A%3BPowell%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Using+a+computer+spreadsheet+to+characterize+rock+masses+prior+to+subsidence+prediction+and+numerical+analysis&rft.title=Using+a+computer+spreadsheet+to+characterize+rock+masses+prior+to+subsidence+prediction+and+numerical+analysis&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 3 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; computer programs; data processing; engineering properties; geologic hazards; in situ; land subsidence; mines; numerical models; prediction; rock mass rating; rock mechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real time monitoring of field measurements for mine design; Greens Creek Mine, Admiralty Island, Alaska AN - 52315589; 2000-054593 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Orr, T J AU - Beus, M J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 15 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - data processing KW - Greens Creek Mine KW - deformation KW - temperature KW - rock mechanics KW - gases KW - blasting KW - time factor KW - mining geology KW - Admiralty Island KW - Alaska KW - design KW - field studies KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52315589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Orr%2C+T+J%3BBeus%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Real+time+monitoring+of+field+measurements+for+mine+design%3B+Greens+Creek+Mine%2C+Admiralty+Island%2C+Alaska&rft.title=Real+time+monitoring+of+field+measurements+for+mine+design%3B+Greens+Creek+Mine%2C+Admiralty+Island%2C+Alaska&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Admiralty Island; Alaska; blasting; data processing; deformation; design; field studies; gases; Greens Creek Mine; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; rock mechanics; Southeastern Alaska; strain; temperature; time factor; underground mining; United States ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mortality and morbidity patterns associated with the October 12, 1992, Egypt earthquake AN - 52135719; 2002-022208 JF - Natural disaster reduction AU - Malilay, Josephine AU - Olson, David AU - Sinks, Thomas AU - Noji, Eric AU - Fayez Elias, Ibrahim A2 - Housner, George W. A2 - Chung, Riley M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY SN - 0784401535 KW - patterns KW - geologic hazards KW - North Africa KW - medical geology KW - damage KW - Egypt KW - injuries KW - seismic risk KW - fatalities KW - buildings KW - Africa KW - risk assessment KW - Egypt earthquake 1992 KW - earthquakes KW - public health KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52135719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Malilay%2C+Josephine%3BOlson%2C+David%3BSinks%2C+Thomas%3BNoji%2C+Eric%3BFayez+Elias%2C+Ibrahim&rft.aulast=Malilay&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0784401535&rft.btitle=Mortality+and+morbidity+patterns+associated+with+the+October+12%2C+1992%2C+Egypt+earthquake&rft.title=Mortality+and+morbidity+patterns+associated+with+the+October+12%2C+1992%2C+Egypt+earthquake&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Natural disaster reduction N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ASTM sampling methods and analytical validation for lead in paint, dust, soil and air AN - 50934781; 1997-055829 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Schlecht, Paul C AU - Song, Ruiguang AU - Feng, Amy AU - Dewalt, Gary AU - McKnight, Mary E A2 - Morgan, James Howard Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 125 EP - 136 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1282 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - soils KW - hazardous waste KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - lead KW - suspended materials KW - standardization KW - chemical waste KW - sample preparation KW - detection KW - metals KW - dust KW - sediments KW - industrial waste KW - air KW - particulate materials KW - particles KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50934781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=ASTM+sampling+methods+and+analytical+validation+for+lead+in+paint%2C+dust%2C+soil+and+air&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin%3BSchlecht%2C+Paul+C%3BSong%2C+Ruiguang%3BFeng%2C+Amy%3BDewalt%2C+Gary%3BMcKnight%2C+Mary+E&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=1282&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=0803120435&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium on Sampling environmental media N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; chemical waste; clastic sediments; concentration; detection; dust; hazardous waste; industrial waste; lead; metals; particles; particulate materials; pollutants; pollution; sample preparation; sediments; soils; standardization; suspended materials; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of lambda prophage by 213 nm laser radiation: A quantitative comparison with 193 nm excimer radiation using image analysis AN - 17089822; 3902553 AB - We compared the DNA damage produced by radiation from two UV laser wavelengths, 213 nm and 193 nm, with that produced by noncoherent 254 nm radiation. Following irradiation of Escherichia coli BR339, a bacteriophage lambda lysogen containing the lacZ gene, prophage induction was measured by assaying for beta -galactosidase. Because of the limited penetration by UV laser wavelengths an agar overlay of the lysogen was used as the irradiation target. Irradiation of 254 nm was performed in buffer suspension followed by transfer of mu L spots onto assay plants. Computer image analysis was used to monitor the rate of product formation, observed as an increase in optical density of the irradiated zones on assay plates. We found that the rate of product formation was a more reproducible unit of comparison than the optical density present at the end of the reaction. Although the rate of product formation was not linearly related to enzyme concentration, the data could be fit to a simple logarithmic function. Using this method, we concluded that the DNA damaging ability of 213 nm radiation was 10 times more efficient than 193 nm radiation and about 100 times less efficient than 254 nm noncoherent radiation. JF - Photochemistry and Photobiology AU - Matchette, L S AU - Grossman, L W AU - Hahn, D W AU - Cooney, C AD - FDA Cent. for Devices & Radiol. Health, Mail Stop HFZ-134, 1901 Chapman Ave., Rm. 6, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - laser radiation KW - phage lambda KW - DNA damage KW - U.V. radiation KW - Escherichia coli KW - phages KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17089822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+lambda+prophage+by+213+nm+laser+radiation%3A+A+quantitative+comparison+with+193+nm+excimer+radiation+using+image+analysis&rft.au=Matchette%2C+L+S%3BGrossman%2C+L+W%3BHahn%2C+D+W%3BCooney%2C+C&rft.aulast=Matchette&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; phage lambda; DNA damage; U.V. radiation; phages; laser radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific detection of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis using the polymerase chain reaction AN - 17082055; 3899762 AB - An assay was developed for the specific detection of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis, using a novel application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This PCR assay is based on the mismatch amplification mutation assay, an allele-specific reaction, and can discriminate enteritidis from all other salmonella. PCR primers were selected to amplify a 351-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the salmonella plasmid virulence A (spvA) gene enteritidis. A single base difference at position 272 is present between the nucleotide sequence of the spvA gene of enteritidis and other salmonellae. The downstream PCR primer, that encompasses position 272 of the enteritidis spvA gene, was designed to contain a single base mismatch at the penultimate position, resulting in a 1-base mismatch with enteritidis and a 2-base mismatch with other salmonellae that harbour the virulence plasmid. The upstream primer was completely homologous with the region immediately 5' to the spvA gene. When these primers were used and the annealing and extension reactions were performed at the same temperature, the PCR assay was specific for enteritidis; no PCR product was detected for 40 other serotypes and 28 different genera examined. In pure culture, 120 colony forming units (c.f.u.) could be detected; a PCR product was observed from template derived from a 5 h enrichment broth culture of chicken seeded with 1 c.f.u. per gram of enteritidis. This PCR assay is specific, reproducible, and less time consuming than the standard bacteriological methods used to detect enteritidis. JF - Epidemiology and infection. London, New York NY AU - Lampel, KA AU - Keasler, S P AU - Hanes, DE AD - HFS-237, US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 137 EP - 145 VL - 116 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - spvA gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - gastrointestinal tract diseases KW - DNA KW - Salmonella enterica enteritidis KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17082055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+infection.+London%2C+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Specific+detection+of+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+enteritidis+using+the+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Lampel%2C+KA%3BKeasler%2C+S+P%3BHanes%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lampel&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+infection.+London%2C+New+York+NY&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica enteritidis; DNA; polymerase chain reaction; gastrointestinal tract diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of chlorpromazine and methdilazine by Cunninghamella elegans AN - 17066457; 3892525 AB - When tested as a microbial model for mammalian drug metabolism, the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans metabolized chlorpromazine and methdilazine within 72 h. The metabolites were extracted by chloroform, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and UV spectroscopic analyses. The major metabolites of chlorpromazine were chlorpromazine sulfoxide (36%), N-desmethylchlorpromazine (11%), N-desmethyl-7-hydroxychlorpromazine (6%), 7-hydroxychlorpromazine sulfoxide (5%), and chlorpromazine N-oxide (2%), all of which have been found in animal studies. The major metabolites of methdilazine were 3-hydroxymethdilazine (35%), methdilazine sulfoxide (30%), methdilazine N-oxide (4%), phenothiazine (3%), and 2-hydroxymethdilazine (3%). super(18)O sub(2) labeling experiments indicated that the oxygen atoms in methdilazine sulfoxide, methdilazine N-oxide, and 3-hydroxymethdilazine were all derived from molecular oxygen. The production of methdilazine sulfoxide and 3-hydroxymethdilazine was inhibited by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitors metyrapone and proadifen. An enzyme activity for the sulfoxidation of methdilazine was found in microsomal preparations of C. elegans. These experiments suggest that the sulfoxidation and hydroxylation of methdilazine and chlorpromazine by C. elegans are catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Zhang, Donglu AU - Freeman, J P AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Walker, A E AU - Yang, Yifan AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 798 EP - 803 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - methdilazine KW - chlorpromazine KW - biotransformation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+chlorpromazine+and+methdilazine+by+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Donglu%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BWalker%2C+A+E%3BYang%2C+Yifan%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Donglu&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=798&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cunninghamella elegans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reclassification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, Beijerinckia sp. strain B1, as Sphingomonas yanoikuyae by fatty acid analysis, protein pattern analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing AN - 17064787; 3892551 AB - A bacterium isolated from a polluted stream, capable of metabolizing biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and higher-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was previously identified as Beijerinckia sp. strain B1. In this investigation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, biochemical tests, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein, and DNA-DNA hybridization were used to determine the taxonomic relationship of Beijerinckia sp. strain B1. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of B1 was identical to that of Sphingomonas yanoikuyae ATCC 51230 super(T). The biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile of soluble proteins of strain B1 showed results similar to those of S. yanoikuyae. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that B1 and S. yanoikuyae ATCC 51230 super(T) are 75% homologous at the DNA level. We propose that Beijerinckia sp. strain B1 be reclassified as S. yanoikuyae. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Khan, A A AU - Wang, R-F AU - Cao, W-W AU - Franklin, W AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiol. Div., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 466 EP - 490 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Sphingomonas yanoikuyae KW - ribotyping KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - fatty acid composition KW - hybridization analysis KW - DNA KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - taxonomy KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - N 14414:Structure and sequence KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17064787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Reclassification+of+a+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-metabolizing+bacterium%2C+Beijerinckia+sp.+strain+B1%2C+as+Sphingomonas+yanoikuyae+by+fatty+acid+analysis%2C+protein+pattern+analysis%2C+DNA-DNA+hybridization%2C+and+16S+ribosomal+DNA+sequencing&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BWang%2C+R-F%3BCao%2C+W-W%3BFranklin%2C+W%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - taxonomy; DNA; hybridization analysis; fatty acid composition; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary reactions to organic dust exposures: Development of an animal model AN - 17056626; 3882830 AB - Acute inhalation of organic dusts such as cotton, hay, silage, grain, animal confinement, or compost dust can result in illness characterized by fever, pulmonary inflammation, chest tightness, and airway obstruction. These agricultural materials are complex mixtures of plant, bacterial, and fungal products. Elucidation of the time course of disease onset, the mechanisms of disease progression, and the identity of etiologic agents is essential for effective prevention and treatment. Toward this end, animal models for acute organic dust-induced reactions have been developed and characterized. Information concerning the applicability of various animal models to humans and progress toward elucidation of causative agents and mechanisms of action is presented. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Robinson, V A AU - Frazer, D G AD - Pathol. and Physiology Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - organic compounds KW - lung diseases KW - reviews KW - particulate pollution KW - dust KW - animal models KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17056626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+reactions+to+organic+dust+exposures%3A+Development+of+an+animal+model&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BFrazer%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+1+sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal models; reviews; particulate pollution; dust; lung diseases; organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically based, quantitative risk assessment of neurotoxicants AN - 17056115; 3884234 AB - The need for biologically based, quantitative risk assessment procedures for noncancer endpoints such as neurotoxicity has been discussed in reports by the United States Congress (Office of Technology Assessment, OTA), National Research Council (NRC), and a federal coordinating council. According to OTA, current attention and resources allocated to health risk assessment research are inadequate and not commensurate with its impact on public health and the economy. Methods to include continuous rather than dichotomous data for neurotoxicity endpoints, biomarkers of exposure and effects, and pharmacokinetic and mechanistic data have been proposed for neurotoxicity risk assessment but require further review and validation before acceptance. The purpose of this symposium was to examine procedures to enhance the risk assessment process for neurotoxicants and to discuss techniques to make the process more quantitative. Accordingly, a review of the currently used safety factor risk assessment approach for neurotoxicants is provided along with specific examples of how this process may be enhanced with the use of the benchmark dose approach. The importance of including physiologically based pharmacokinetic data in the risk assessment process and specific examples of this approach is presented for neurotoxicants. The role of biomarkers of exposure and effect and mechanistic information in the risk assessment process are also addressed. Finally, quantitative approaches with the use of continuous neurotoxicity data are demonstrated and the outcomes compared to those generated by currently used risk assessment procedures. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Crump, K S AU - Andersen, ME AU - Bellinger, D AD - Div. Neurotoxicol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res./FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 18 EP - 30 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - neurotoxicity KW - risk assessment KW - N3 11101:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17056115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Biologically+based%2C+quantitative+risk+assessment+of+neurotoxicants&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W+Jr%3BCrump%2C+K+S%3BAndersen%2C+ME%3BBellinger%2C+D&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - risk assessment; toxicity testing; neurotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brucella abortus conjugated with a peptide derived from the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 induces HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in normal and in CD4 super(+) cell-depleted BALB/c mice AN - 17055607; 3886010 AB - We have previously shown that immunization of mice with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived proteins or peptides conjugated to inactivated Brucella abortus induces the secretion of virus-neutralizing antibodies, predominantly of the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype. In addition, B. abortus activates human CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) cells to secrete gamma interferon. Since these are both characteristics of a Th1-type immune response, which is associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity, it was important to determine if B. abortus conjugates would also act as a carrier to induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. To test this hypothesis, we conjugated an 18-amino-acid peptide from the V3 loop of the MN strain of HIV-1 gp120 that contains both B- and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to B. abortus (B. abortus-MN 18-mer). A 10-amino-acid fragment of this peptide has been shown to be the minimal CTL determinant presented by murine H-2D super(d). It was found that two in vivo immunizations with 10 super(8) organisms of B. abortus-MN 18-mer followed by in vitro stimulation with peptide induced a virus-specific CTL response. Conjugation to B. abortus was required for in vivo priming, since there was no induction of memory CTLs when B. abortus was only mixed with peptide. Targets pulsed with peptide as well as those infected with a vaccinia virus encoding HIV gp160 were killed, demonstrating recognition of naturally processed envelope. Also, major histocompatibility complex-incompatible L cells which were infected with vaccinia viruses that encoded H-2D super(d), but not H-2K super(d), and pulsed with peptide were lysed. This demonstrated the appropriate major histocompatibility complex class I restriction. Treatment of the mice with anti-L3T4 prior to immunization caused a severe depletion of CD4 super(+) lymphocytes, yet it did not decrease the CTL priming. Thus, inactivated B. abortus can induce non-CD4 super(+) cells to produce the cytokines required for CTL induction. We conclude that B. abortus stimulates a cellular as well as a humoral immune response, even in the relative absence of CD4 super(+) helper cells. It may be particularly useful vaccine carrier in HIV-1-infected individuals or others with impaired CD4 super(+) T-cell function. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Lapham, C AU - Golding, B AU - Inman, J AU - Blackburn, R AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Highet, P AU - Golding, H AD - Lab. Retrovirus Res., Div. Viral Products, Cent. Biol. Evaluat. and Res., U.S. FDA, Bldg. 29B, Rm. 3G21, HFM 454, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3084 EP - 3092 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - glycoprotein gp120 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - lymphocytes T KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - immune response (cell-mediated) KW - recombination KW - Brucella abortus KW - cytotoxicity KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17055607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Brucella+abortus+conjugated+with+a+peptide+derived+from+the+V3+loop+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+type+1+induces+HIV-specific+cytotoxic+T-cell+responses+in+normal+and+in+CD4+super%28%2B%29+cell-depleted+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Lapham%2C+C%3BGolding%2C+B%3BInman%2C+J%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BHighet%2C+P%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lapham&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes T; immune response (cell-mediated); recombination; cytotoxicity; human immunodeficiency virus 1; Brucella abortus ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Does research synthesis have a place in drug regulatory policy? Synopsis of issues: Assessment of safety and postmarketing surveillance AN - 17044306; 3874085 AB - Research synthesis is an inherent part of the evaluation of a new drug's safety, during its premarketing approval stage and during its postmarketing lifetime. The information available to evaluate a drug's safety is usually different from the information available to evaluate its efficacy. Premarketing drug applications usually contain multiple studies and multiclinic studies that need to be synthesized with regard to their evidence for the drug's safety and efficacy. In general, these premarketing studies, when used for safety evaluation, are under-powered because adverse events often occur at low incidence or are differentially associated with sub-populations. Further, timing and choice of measurement needed to assess these adverse events may be sub-optional. Obviously, some form of "research synthesis" is needed to access the body safety of studies available before marketing. JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs [CLIN. RES. REGUL. AFF.]. pp. 13-21. 1996. AU - Anello, C AU - O'Neill, R T A2 - Colditz, GA (ed) A2 - Kazda, IK (ed) A2 - Cappelleri (ed.) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 21 KW - FDA KW - research synthesis KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - legislation KW - USA KW - research programs KW - safety regulations KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anello%2C+C%3BO%27Neill%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Anello&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+safety+and+postmarketing+surveillance&rft.title=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+safety+and+postmarketing+surveillance&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Does research synthesis have a place in drug regulatory policy? Synopsis of issues: Assessment of efficacy and drug approval AN - 17044121; 3874084 AB - Research synthesis is a necessary aspect of drug development and regulatory review, for both the evaluation of the efficacy of a new drug and for the assessment of its safety, before and after marketing. A new drug application usually contains multiclinic trials and multiple protocols and studies that are evaluated individually and collectively to form a synthesis of the evidence of efficacy and safety. Sponsors are required to perform analyses which integrate efficacy and safety data for all studies in a submission. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires that decisions to approve a new drug be based on "substantial evidence" derived from adequate and well-controlled trials. This regulatory requirement involves the following components: controlled studies, replication of study findings, confirmation of effects, consistency of effects, and the ability of the data and analyses to support clear labeling and directions for use of the drug. Current methodologies for research synthesis will require modification to meet these needs. JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs [CLIN. RES. REGUL. AFF.]. pp. 23-29. 1996. AU - O'Neill, R T AU - Anello, C A2 - Colditz, GA (ed) A2 - Kazda, IK (ed) A2 - Cappelleri (ed.) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 29 KW - FDA KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - drugs KW - legislation KW - USA KW - safety regulations KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+R+T%3BAnello%2C+C&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+efficacy+and+drug+approval&rft.title=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+efficacy+and+drug+approval&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and interferon gamma AN - 17043203; 3879667 AB - Bacterial infection stimulates the host to mount a rapid inflammatory response. A 6-base DNA motif consisting of an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines was shown to contribute to this response by inducing polyclonal B-cell activation. This stimulatory motif is 20 times more common in the DNA of bacteria than higher vertebrates. The current work shows that the same motif induces the rapid and coordinated secretion of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-12, and interferon gamma (but not IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10) in vivo and in vitro. Stimulatory CpG DNA motifs induced B, T, and natural killer cells to secrete cytokine more effectively than did lipopolysaccharide. Thus, immune recognition of bacterial DNA may contribute to the cytokine as well as the antibody production characteristic of an innate inflammatory response. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Klinman, D M AU - Yi, Ae-Kyung AU - Beaucage, S L AU - Conover, J AU - Krieg, A M AD - Sect. Retroviral Immun., Div. Viral Products, Cent. for Biologics Evaluation and Res., Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2879 EP - 2883 VL - 93 IS - 7 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - lymphocytes B KW - interleukin 12 KW - interleukin 6 KW - DNA KW - gamma -interferon KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02725:DNA KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17043203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=CpG+motifs+present+in+bacterial+DNA+rapidly+induce+lymphocytes+to+secrete+interleukin+6%2C+interleukin+12%2C+and+interferon+gamma&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BYi%2C+Ae-Kyung%3BBeaucage%2C+S+L%3BConover%2C+J%3BKrieg%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; interleukin 6; interleukin 12; gamma -interferon; DNA; lymphocytes B ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A citywide survey of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus-New York City, 1993 AN - 17038585; 3872489 AB - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) has become an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen. Questionnaires were sent to all New York City (NYC)-licensed laboratories to ask about testing procedures used, number of isolates identified, species identified, and vancomycin susceptibility for enterococcal isolates in 1993. Of 127 laboratories, 118 (93%) responded. Fifty-three (45%) of the 118 laboratories reported both the number of enterococcal isolates tested and the number of VRE isolates identified during 1993; 15 (28%) of the 53 laboratories did not isolate VRE, and the remaining 38 laboratories identified 3,822 (8.1%) VRE isolates. VRE was first identified by a NYC-licensed (commercial) laboratory in 1988. Among NYC hospital laboratories, 65 (97%) of 67 identified at least one VRE isolate during 1989-1993. This survey demonstrates that there has been a marked increase in the number of VRE isolates identified in NYC laboratories. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Washko, R AU - Dow, A AU - Henning, K J AD - NIOSH/DRDS, Mailstop 256, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 136 EP - 137 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - antibiotic resistance KW - Enterococcus KW - urban environments KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+citywide+survey+of+vancomycin-resistant+Enterococcus-New+York+City%2C+1993&rft.au=Washko%2C+R%3BDow%2C+A%3BHenning%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Washko&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus; USA, New York, New York City; antibiotic resistance; urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cupric and ferric ions inactive HIV AN - 17030411; 3871948 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was inactivated by either cupric or ferric ions when the virus was free in solution and also 3 hr after cell infection. Fifty percent inactivation of cell-free HIV was achieved with Cu(II) at a concentration between 0.16 and 1.6 mM, or by 1.8 to 18 mM Fe(III). Thus, the dose to inactivate 50% of infectious HIV (D sub(50)) by Cu(II) or Fe(III) is higher than that reported for glutaraldehyde (0.1 mM); between the D sub(50) reported for sodium hypochlorite (1.3 mM) and sodium hydroxide (11.5 mM), and significantly lower than that required for HIV inactivation by ethanol (360 mM). Treatment of infected cells for 30 min at 20 degree C with 6 mM Cu(II) or Fe(III) completely inhibited the formation of syncytia and the synthesis of virus-specific p24 antigen in HIV-infected cells, while still preserving cell viability. The virucidal properties of cupric and ferric ions could be exploited for the development of novel virucidal formulations efficient against HIV. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Sagripanti, J-L AU - Lightfoote, M M AD - Molecular Biol. Branch (HFZ-113), Cent. for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 333 EP - 336 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - copper KW - iron KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - cations KW - syncytia KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Cupric+and+ferric+ions+inactive+HIV&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+J-L%3BLightfoote%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=J-L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus 1; inactivation; cations; syncytia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of fumonisin B sub(1) in human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, esophageal epithelial cells and hepatoma cells AN - 17023571; 3864705 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) is associated with various animal and human carcinomas and toxicoses, including leukoencelphalomalacia, hepatocarcinoma, pulmonary edema and esophageal carcinoma. We have examined the cellular effects of fumonisin B sub(1) in vitro using cellular model systems relevant to potential human target tissues. Although fumonisin B sub(1) has been described as a mitogen in Swiss 3T3 cells based on stimulation of [ super(3)H]thymidine incorporation, in the current work it was found that fumonisin B sub(1) inhibited incorporation of [ super(3)H]thymidine by cultured neonatal human keratinocytes and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells at 10 super(-7) and 10 super(-4) M respectively. Fumonisin B sub(1) also inhibited clonal expansion of normal human keratinocytes and HET-1A human esophageal epithelial cells at 10 super(-5) M and growth in mass culture of normal human fibroblasts at 10 super(-7) M. The clonogenicity of normal human keratinocytes decreased to 45.5% of controls after exposure to 10 super(-4) M fumonisin B sub(1) for 2 days. However, no differences in the cell cycle distribution of cultured keratinocytes was noted after exposure to 10 super(-5) M fumonisin B sub(1) for 40 h. The viability of normal human keratinocytes and HET-1A cells decreased as a result of fumonisin B sub(1) treatment, as determined by a fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide flow cytometric cell viability assay. Fumonisin B sub(1)-treated keratinocytes released nucleosomal DNA fragments into the medium 2-3 days after exposure to 10 super(-4) M fumonisin B sub(1) and increased DNA strand breaks were detected in attached keratinocytes exposed to 0-10 super(-4) M fumonisin B sub(1) using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-based immunochemical assay system. Furthermore, fumonisin B sub(1)-treated keratinocytes and HET-1A cells developed morphological features consistent with apoptosis, as determined by phase contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy of acridine orange stained cells and electron microscopy. These results are consistent with the occurrence of fumonisin B sub(1)-mediated apoptosis in vitro. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Melchior, B Jr AU - Morris, S M AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Domon, O E AU - Muskhelishvili, L AU - James, S J AU - Howard, P C AD - Div. Biochem. Toxicol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 239 EP - 249 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - keratinocytes KW - apoptosis KW - esophagus KW - fibroblasts KW - hepatoma KW - man KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17023571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Apoptotic+and+anti-proliferative+effects+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+human+keratinocytes%2C+fibroblasts%2C+esophageal+epithelial+cells+and+hepatoma+cells&rft.au=Tolleson%2C+W+H%3BMelchior%2C+B+Jr%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L%3BJames%2C+S+J%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Tolleson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; apoptosis; keratinocytes; fibroblasts; esophagus; hepatoma; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization by differential PCR of host eukaryotic cell genes differentially transcribed following uptake of intracellular bacteria AN - 16995055; 3840871 AB - Host eukaryotic cell genes that are differentially transcribed after phagocytosis of various pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial cells were identified by a differential PCR (DPCR) system. This DPCR procedure favors detection and isolation of host genes affected at the transcriptional level by selecting for poly (A) tails but differs substantially from reverse transcription-PCR. Several unidentified macrophage gene fragments from genes that were either transcriptionally activated or downregulated following uptake of Listeria monocytogenes into J774 mouse macrophage cells were initially defined by this DPCR procedure. Because of the sensitivity of the DPCR technique, all of the genes exhibited less than a 10-fold difference in transcription compared with a noninfected cells as measured by limiting-dilution PCR. One of the gene fragments has a very high level of homology with a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1), whereas the other affected fragments showed no homologies to known gene sequences. In addition, one the gene fragments (WS30-B2/1) was specifically downregulated after L. monocytogenes uptake and another gene was repressed by uptake of either Shigella flexneri or L. monocytogenes, while transcription of the genes represented by fragment WS13-B9/9, and to some extent MKP-1, was activated following general phagocytosis (i.e., following uptake of any species of bacterium tested). Further characterization of the affected genes was conducted by using mutants of L. monocytogenes. A hemolysin-negative mutant of L. monocytogenes failed to elicit transcriptional regulation of gene fragment WS10-B4/14 or WS30-B2/1, and it elicited only minimal regulation of MKP-1, suggesting that escape from the phagosome may be required to initiate these responses. Furthermore, mutants with mutations in mpl and actA, two genes whose gene products are involved in actin polymerization and intrahost spread, also did not induce regulation of WS10-B4/14. These results demonstrate that (i) DPCR can identify specific host cell genes which are differentially transcribed after infection with certain microorganisms and (ii) some of these genes may be new or may never before have been linked to interactions between hosts and pathogens. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Schwan, W R AU - Kuegler, S AU - Schueller, S AU - Kopecko, D J AU - Goebel, W AD - FDA-CHER/HFM440, NIH Campus, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 91 EP - 99 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - eukaryotes KW - cDNA KW - genes KW - hosts KW - diagnostic agents KW - transcription KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16995055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+by+differential+PCR+of+host+eukaryotic+cell+genes+differentially+transcribed+following+uptake+of+intracellular+bacteria&rft.au=Schwan%2C+W+R%3BKuegler%2C+S%3BSchueller%2C+S%3BKopecko%2C+D+J%3BGoebel%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schwan&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; cDNA; transcription; eukaryotes; genes; hosts; diagnostic agents; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating risk under varying models of occupational exposure AN - 16273209; 4258674 JF - Occupational Hygiene AU - Sullivan, P A AU - Eisen, E AU - Kriebel, D AU - Woskie, S AU - Odencrantz, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 185 EP - 190 VL - 3 IS - 1-3 SN - 1061-0251, 1061-0251 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16273209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+risk+under+varying+models+of+occupational+exposure&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+P+A%3BEisen%2C+E%3BKriebel%2C+D%3BWoskie%2C+S%3BOdencrantz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of data on compliance to epidemiological assessment of exposure response: The case of data on exposure of United States coal miners AN - 16267258; 4258673 AB - Many of the epidemiological analyses of data on coal miners in the United States have been based on data collected by coal-mine operators in order to demonstrate compliance with regulations. The possibility of bias in these data has led to uncertainty in interpretation of the derived epidemiological findings. Recently, suspicions about tampering by the operators led to a special sampling exercise, the results of which provided data that were applied in this analysis to assess bias in the exposure data. From this information, it was concluded that, while there was evidence of a large degree of bias in smaller mines with poor health and safety records, that for the larger mines included in the epidemiological study was much smaller, and of the order of 10-15%. JF - Occupational Hygiene AU - Attfield, MD AU - Hearl, F J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 3 IS - 1-3 SN - 1061-0251, 1061-0251 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16267258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Application+of+data+on+compliance+to+epidemiological+assessment+of+exposure+response%3A+The+case+of+data+on+exposure+of+United+States+coal+miners&rft.au=Attfield%2C+MD%3BHearl%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of experimental male-mediated behavioral and neurochemical disorders AN - 16020580; 4093152 AB - Paternal exposures to exogenous agents have been reported to produce a variety of developmental defects in the offspring. In experimental animals, these effects include decreased litter size and weight, increased stillbirth and neonatal death, birth defects, tumors, and functional/behavioral abnormalities-some of these effects being transmitted to the second and third generations. This article reviews the exogenous agents that have reportedly caused behavioral or neurochemical alterations in offspring of experimental animals following paternal exposures, including advanced age, alcohols, cyclophosphamide, ethylene dibromide, lead, opiates, and a few miscellaneous chemicals. Based upon the consistency of effects in several of these agents in a variety of studies in experimental animals, the conclusion is that paternal exposures may contribute to the incidence of neurobehavioral disorders in humans. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Nelson, B K AU - Moorman, W J AU - Schrader, S M AD - NIOSH C-24, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - prenatal experience KW - reviews KW - behavior KW - neurotoxicity KW - paternal effects KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16020580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Review+of+experimental+male-mediated+behavioral+and+neurochemical+disorders&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSchrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=neurotoxicity&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neurotoxicity; behavior; reviews; prenatal experience; paternal effects ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Optical waveguides for infrared laser sources AN - 15915318; 265319 AB - Mid-infrared free electron lasers (FELs) is a tunable laser source used for testing broadband transmission waveguides. This laser has a unique pulse structure, but its high peak powers can serve as an excellent testing tool for waveguides damage. The FEL maybe used in the operating room, by which one of the waveguides being developed can transmit energy reliably to the operation site. Shorter wavelengths FELs are also being developed, fibers and waveguides will be needed for those wavelengths. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). Vol. 1, 396 p. 1996. AU - Gannot, Isreal AU - Waynant, Ronald W Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 396 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Broadband transmission waveguides KW - Pulse structure KW - Abstract only KW - Laser tuning KW - Optical waveguides KW - Medical applications KW - Fiber lasers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 744.4:SOLID STATE LASERS KW - W4 744.5:FREE ELECTRON LASERS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 714.3:WAVEGUIDES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 744.1:LASERS (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gannot%2C+Isreal%3BWaynant%2C+Ronald+W&rft.aulast=Gannot&rft.aufirst=Isreal&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Optical+waveguides+for+infrared+laser+sources&rft.title=Optical+waveguides+for+infrared+laser+sources&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exposure probabilities to ergonomic hazards among miners AN - 15874165; 260491 AB - The National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (NOHSM) was designed to provide estimates of health and safety hazards, including ergonomic hazards, to which miners are exposed. Nine specially-trained observers documented health hazards for 144 mines that were representative of the metal-nonmetal mining industry. The observers documented 9,121 exposures to 12 different ergonomic hazards. Almost 25% of these exposures were to hazards involving the neck and back. Other major ergonomic hazards included: Movement of the forearms, arms and shoulders; and finger-hand movement. The mining categories (i.e., `commodities') most at risk for ergonomic hazards were (in order of diminishing risk, with the total workforce at risk in parentheses): Trona (N identical with 749), Leonardite (N identical with 52), Gold-Lode/Placer (N identical with 4,290), Gemstones (N identical with 80), Rare Earths (N identical with 218), and Aluminum Ore (N identical with 3,801). These results are discussed in terms of evaluating the effectiveness of various ergonomic interventions, as well as improving the efficacy of current health and safety inspection strategies. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Winn, Francis JJr AU - Biersner, Robert J AU - Morrissey, Stephen Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 417 EP - 422 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V., AMSTERDAM, (NETHERLANDS) VL - 18 IS - 5-6 KW - Accident prevention KW - Biomechanics KW - Ergonomic hazards KW - Ergonomic intervention KW - Health hazards KW - Health risks KW - Miners KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Occupational risks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Surveys KW - Mining KW - EE 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - EE 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W4 502:MINES AND QUARRY EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - EE 502:MINES AND QUARRY EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS KW - EE 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - EE 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15874165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Exposure+probabilities+to+ergonomic+hazards+among+miners&rft.au=Winn%2C+Francis+JJr%3BBiersner%2C+Robert+J%3BMorrissey%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Case study of power quality in a health care facility: Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC AN - 15870774; 262237 AB - This paper describes a power quality survey that was done as part of an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) study at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) in Washington, D.C.; the power quality part of the study was carried out as a cooperative effort between personnel from WRAMC and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Explained are the methods used and measurement results of a study of existing power quality, power tool emissions, and medical device susceptibility. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). pp. 230-235. 1996. AU - Quarrie, LO AU - Walchle, R L Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 6 EP - 235 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Data recording KW - Electric variables measurement KW - Medical device susceptibility KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Surveys KW - Hospitals KW - W4 723.2:DATA PROCESSING KW - W4 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 462.2:HOSPITALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 711.1:ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN DIFFERENT MEDIA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Quarrie%2C+LO%3BWalchle%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Quarrie&rft.aufirst=LO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Case+study+of+power+quality+in+a+health+care+facility%3A+Walter+Reed+Army+Medical+Center%2C+Washington+DC&rft.title=Case+study+of+power+quality+in+a+health+care+facility%3A+Walter+Reed+Army+Medical+Center%2C+Washington+DC&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary microsomal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene following exposure of rats to silica AN - 15864702; 4025518 AB - Because some evidence suggests that there may be an increased incidence of lung cancer in silicosis and because previous studies have shown that exposure of rats to silica alters the pulmonary cytochrome P-450 system, we studied the effects of exposing rats to silica on the lung microsomal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal administration, lung microsomes were obtained 2 wk later from untreated and silica-treated animals, and the amounts of microsomal tissue and metabolites formed during the in vitro microsomal metabolism of BaP were measured. When the formation of BaP metabolites in equal amounts of lung microsomal tissue from the 2 treatment groups is compared, 3-OH BaP, BaP 4,5-diol, and BaP 9,10-diol are reduced by 45-70%, but the formation of BaP 7,8-diol or the BaP-quinones is not significantly altered following exposure to silica. In fact, the ratio of the BaP diols and BaP quinones, potentially toxic metabolites, to the relatively nontoxic 3-OH BaP produced by equal amounts of lung microsomal tissue is increased more than threefold following exposure of rats to silica. Since exposure of rats to silica leads to increased levels of lung microsomal protein, the amounts of BaP metabolites that could be produced by all microsomal tissue in the lungs were calculated. In silica-treated animals, the calculated total lung production of 3-OH BaP, BaP 4,5-diol, and BaP 9,10-diol tends to be increased by 1.2- to 2.0-fold, but BaP 7,8-diol and the BaP quinones are increased by 3.5-fold. These results demonstrate that exposure of rats to silica may alter the capacity of the lungs to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene, and the greatest effect seems to be enhanced accumulation of BaP 7,8-diol and the BaP quinones. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Miles, PR AU - Ma, JYC AU - Bowman, L AU - Miller, M R AD - Physiol. Sect., DRDS, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 501 EP - 514 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - metabolism KW - rats KW - benzo(a)pyrene KW - silicon dioxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15864702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+microsomal+metabolism+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+following+exposure+of+rats+to+silica&rft.au=Miles%2C+PR%3BMa%2C+JYC%3BBowman%2C+L%3BMiller%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro effects of large and small glass fibers on rat alveolar macrophages AN - 15864497; 4020383 AB - The objective of this study was to explore the use of alveolar macrophage culture to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two glass fiber materials, a building insulation fiberglass (a relatively long and thick fiber) and a glass microfiber (a short and thin fiber). Alveolar macrophages were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were cultured with varying fiber concentrations for up to 3 d. Fiber toxicity was assessed by assaying cell viability, membrane integrity, and phagocyte function. The microfibers exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity shown by the loss of cell viability and function. The building insulation fiberglass had little effect on cell viability and did not change macrophage function in this assay system. The results of this study show that short and thin glass fibers are more toxic than long and thick fibers in vitro, supporting a role of fiber dimension in toxicity. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Castranova, V AU - Pailes, W AU - Judy, D AU - Blake, T AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Jones, W AD - NIOSH-HELD, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 357 EP - 369 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - fiberglass KW - fibers KW - glass KW - alveoli KW - macrophages KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15864497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=In+vitro+effects+of+large+and+small+glass+fibers+on+rat+alveolar+macrophages&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BPailes%2C+W%3BJudy%2C+D%3BBlake%2C+T%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fibers; fiberglass; glass; macrophages; lung; alveoli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symposium on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in the developing system and impact on risk assessment: Executive summary AN - 15858952; 4020331 JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Young, J F AU - Schwetz, BA AU - Willhite, C C AU - Kacew, S AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Drive, HFT-130, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 339 EP - 355 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - pharmacodynamics KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - reviews KW - risk assessment KW - conferences KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15858952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Symposium+on+pharmacokinetics%2Fpharmacodynamics+in+the+developing+system+and+impact+on+risk+assessment%3A+Executive+summary&rft.au=Young%2C+J+F%3BSchwetz%2C+BA%3BWillhite%2C+C+C%3BKacew%2C+S&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conferences; risk assessment; reviews; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to crystalline silica or treatment with chlorphentermine increases vitamin E levels in rat alveolar lavage materials AN - 15854152; 4020375 AB - Previous studies have shown that vitamin E may be an integral part of lung surfactant and may function to protect this material from oxidant damage. Therefore, we measured the vitamin E levels in alveolar lavage materials from rats exposed to crystalline silica or treated with chlorphentermine (CP), two treatments that are known to increase surfactant phospholipids (PL) by different mechanisms. Silica exposure leads to increased PL synthesis, and CP treatment causes a reduction in PL degradation. Two different silica preparations, HCl-washed and unwashed silica, were used because exposure to each of them leads to different degrees of phospholipidosis. Exposure to HCl-washed silica results in a more than 17-fold increase in lavage PL and protein levels and a 12.2-fold increase in the amount of vitamin E. Exposure to unwashed silica leads to an approximately 7-fold increase in PL and proteins and a 5.8-fold increase in lavage vitamin E. Following treatment of rats with CP, there is a 15- to 19-fold increase in lavage PL and proteins and a 13.6-fold increase in vitamin E. When the results are expressed as micrograms vitamin E per milligram of lavage PL or protein, there is not much difference between controls and each treatment group. Because surfactant synthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, we also measured vitamin E in lung microsomes. Both silica exposure and CP treatment also lead to 1.8- to 2.5-fold increases, respectively, in the lung microsomal levels of vitamin E. These results demonstrate that alveolar lavage vitamin E levels are elevated along with lavage PL and proteins, and lung microsomal vitamin E levels are increased following exposure of rats to silica or treatment of the animals with CP. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Miles, PR AU - Bowman, L AU - Reasor, MJ AD - NIOSH, Physiology Section, Rm. 207, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 511 EP - 523 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - rats KW - silicon dioxide KW - chlorphentermine KW - alpha -tocopherol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15854152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+crystalline+silica+or+treatment+with+chlorphentermine+increases+vitamin+E+levels+in+rat+alveolar+lavage+materials&rft.au=Miles%2C+PR%3BBowman%2C+L%3BReasor%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in maternal and fetal rabbits AN - 15852462; 4020376 AB - The distribution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was examined in maternal and fetal rabbits. Pregnant New Zealand rabbits (28-30 d gestational age) were anesthetized with ketamine /xylazine and the femoral vein and artery were catheterized for compound administration and sampling. Dams received iv [ super(14)C]2,4-D (12.5 mu Ci/kg) with unlabeled sodium 2,4-D (1, 10, or 40 mg/kg) in saline. Blood and tissue were collected up to 2 h after dosing. Fetal to maternal plasma AUC ratios were 0.09, 0.07, and 0.16 after the 1, 10, or 40 mg/kg dose, respectively. Extraplasma AUCs were greatest in maternal kidney and uterus and lowest in maternal and fetal brain. A greater than fourfold elevation in fetal AUC was found when the dose was increased from 10 to 40 mg/kg, suggesting saturation of maternal plasma binding of 2,4-D. Although the in vitro fetal brain tissue to incubation media ratio was unity (1.03 plus or minus 0.1, mean plus or minus SD), fetal brain AUCs were 10% or less of the fetal plasma AUCs, indicating the brain barrier system to 2,4-D is functioning in the late-gestation fetal rabbit. However, its development may not be complete due to the higher brain tissue to plasma ratios in the fetus compared to the dam. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Sandberg, JA AU - Duhart, H M AU - Lipe, G AU - Binienda, Z AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 497 EP - 506 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - rabbits KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - 2,4-D KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - prenatal experience KW - fetuses KW - herbicides KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15852462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+%282%2C4-D%29+in+maternal+and+fetal+rabbits&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+JA%3BDuhart%2C+H+M%3BLipe%2C+G%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; prenatal experience; fetuses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two parameters limiting the sensitivity of laboratory tests of condoms as viral barriers AN - 15842068; 257783 AB - The practical limits of a laboratory test for evaluating condoms as virus barriers were characterized by determining virus penetration through small punctures in latex condoms. The test quantifies virus penetration through a pressurized, restrained condom filled with challenge virus. Estimation of the minimum-detectable hole (narrow slit) dimensions indicated that a limiting factor in virus transmission through such a puncture is fluid flow. The virus penetration rates decreased with time, apparently caused by the hole closing or being blocked, indicating that extending the test duration to allow more virus penetration was of limited value. Further, it was found that adsorption of virus particles during passage through a hole may limit the useful sensitivity of the test. With bacteriophage phi X174 as the challenge virus, the practical limit for detecting virus penetration may be approximately 2 x 10 super(-6) mL; with more adsorptive viruses, the test would be less sensitive. JF - Journal of Testing & Evaluation AU - Lytle, CDavid AU - Routson, Licia B AU - Thomas, Delma P AU - Regnault, William F AU - Cyr, WHoward AD - Food and Drug Administration and Biocon, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 279 EP - 286 PB - ASTM, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, (USA) VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0090-3973, 0090-3973 KW - Bioassay KW - Challenge virus KW - Latex condoms KW - Mechanical permeability KW - Minimum detectable hole KW - Plaque forming units KW - Pressure effects KW - Research laboratories KW - Virus barriers KW - Virus penetration rate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteriophages KW - Viruses KW - Adsorption KW - W4 901.3:ENGINEERING RESEARCH KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 817.1:PLASTICS PRODUCTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15842068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Two+parameters+limiting+the+sensitivity+of+laboratory+tests+of+condoms+as+viral+barriers&rft.au=Lytle%2C+CDavid%3BRoutson%2C+Licia+B%3BThomas%2C+Delma+P%3BRegnault%2C+William+F%3BCyr%2C+WHoward&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=CDavid&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.issn=00903973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteriophages; Viruses; Adsorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NMR parameter contrast in abundant-spin images of solids AN - 15832894; 256435 AB - Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) techniques have been steadily improving over the years. Today high-resolution images of rigid solids are now accomplished by many different means. For abundant nuclei, the combination of multiple-pulse line narrowing and pulsed field gradients have greatly improved both the resolution and sensitivity of the imaging experiment, but often at the expense of the chemical information in the material. In this paper we discuss means of incorporating NMR parameters in the imaging experiment to generate image contrast which provides information about local variations in the chemistry of the material. JF - Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance AU - Hepp, MA AU - Miller, J B AD - FDA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 367 EP - 374 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V., AMSTERDAM, (NETHERLANDS) VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0926-2040, 0926-2040 KW - Fourier transforms KW - Image coding KW - Multiple pulse line narrowing KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - Nuclear spins KW - Parameter contrast KW - Rigid solids KW - Solid state imaging KW - Solids KW - Spectroscopic imaging KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Magnetic fields KW - Chemistry KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - Elastomers KW - W4 818.2:ELASTOMERS KW - W4 921.3:MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) KW - W4 701.2:MAGNETISM: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15832894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solid+State+Nuclear+Magnetic+Resonance&rft.atitle=NMR+parameter+contrast+in+abundant-spin+images+of+solids&rft.au=Hepp%2C+MA%3BMiller%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hepp&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solid+State+Nuclear+Magnetic+Resonance&rft.issn=09262040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic fields; Chemistry; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Elastomers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the polyurethane foam industry AN - 15806437; 3996044 AB - The authors evaluate cancer mortality among United States workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. This cohort mortality study included 4611 men and women employed in four polyurethane foam plants for at least three months between the late 1950s and 1987. The mortality experience of the cohort was then compared with that of the general United States population. Current and past industrial hygiene data indicated that air concentrations in 1984-5 were below the current United States standard of 0.04 mg/m super(3) but exceeded the standard before 1980. Mortality from rectal cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were increased, but not significantly. There was one male breast cancer. However, breast cancer was not increased in women. No other cancer category had an increased number of deaths compared with the general population. Only non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease showed a possible relation with time since first employment and no cancer death category showed a strong relation with duration of employment. Mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease was not increased. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Steenland, K AU - Egeland, G M AU - Boeniger, M AU - Egilman, D AD - Cent. for Dis. Control, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 703 EP - 707 VL - 53 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - toluene diisocyanate KW - polyurethane KW - isocyanates KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - mortality KW - occupational exposure KW - cancer KW - H SI6.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15806437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+workers+exposed+to+toluene+diisocyanate+in+the+polyurethane+foam+industry&rft.au=Schnorr%2C+T+M%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BEgeland%2C+G+M%3BBoeniger%2C+M%3BEgilman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schnorr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mortality; occupational exposure; isocyanates; cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of analytical methods for quantification of residual powder on `powderless' latex gloves AN - 15784273; 246690 AB - An analytical method that determines the minimum amount of residual corn starch powder that can reliably be detected on 'powderless' gloves is validated. The various steps in the procedure are analyzed to determine their limitations and effects on the final results. The ability of the washing steps to remove residual powder from `powderless' gloves is ascertained by conducting recovery studies, and the efficiency of the filtration and transfer steps is measured. Finally, the use of beta -cyclodextrin as an aqueous phase modified is investigated. JF - Journal of Testing & Evaluation AU - Chen, Ellen Tuanying AU - Hughes-Dillon, Kathryn AU - Schroeder, Leroy W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 236 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3973, 0090-3973 KW - Allergies KW - Aqueous phase modifier KW - Cyclodextrin KW - Latexes KW - Powder recovery KW - Powderless latex gloves KW - Residual powder quantification KW - Starch KW - Washwater transfer steps KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Filtration KW - Adsorption KW - Proteins KW - Washing KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 818.5:RUBBER PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 461.9.1:IMMUNOLOGY KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15784273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Development+of+analytical+methods+for+quantification+of+residual+powder+on+%60powderless%27+latex+gloves&rft.au=Chen%2C+Ellen+Tuanying%3BHughes-Dillon%2C+Kathryn%3BSchroeder%2C+Leroy+W&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.issn=00903973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filtration; Adsorption; Proteins; Washing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory concerns in the development of biologic-biomaterial combinations AN - 15782630; 246750 AB - Several biologic-biomaterial combinations are currently under development in an attempt to modulate tissue or organ function in patients. The FDA regulations on combination products and the intercenter agreements among the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), and the Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research (CDER) provide further guidance on center jurisdiction of combination products and other products where there are jurisdictional concerns. The biological component of biologic-biomaterial combinations raises a number of issues that relate to the safety and bioactivity of the final product. For example, transmission of adventitious agents to patients via somatic cells, tissue, or cell-derived products is a major safety concern as are in vivo inflammatory responses elicited by the biomaterial component. CBER has drafted a number of `Points to Consider' documents to provide further guidance in the development of biological products. The intent of this article is to provide the highlights of the FDA regulations for combination products and the intercenter agreement between CBER and CDRH delineating the responsibilities of each center for medical device activities. In addition, the article focuses on the CBER's concerns related to the development of somatic cell-biomaterial combinations for therapeutic use. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Chapekar, Mrunal S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 199 EP - 203 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Food and Drug Administration (FDA) KW - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) KW - Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) KW - Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research (CDER) KW - Biological materials KW - Laws and legislation KW - Drug products KW - Health risks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 902.3:LEGAL ASPECTS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15782630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Regulatory+concerns+in+the+development+of+biologic-biomaterial+combinations&rft.au=Chapekar%2C+Mrunal+S&rft.aulast=Chapekar&rft.aufirst=Mrunal&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of alimentary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes AN - 15781209; 3988906 AB - Survey data on the frequency of foodborne occurrence and dietary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes were used to estimate the minimal mean per person annual rate of exposure in the United States during the late 1980s. The estimate was restricted to ready-to-eat (RTE) foods because proper cooking was assumed to be listericidal. The mean amount of each food type per L. monocytogenes occurrence was calculated in about 100 sources, and dietary intake data were used to calculate the mean number of occurrences of L. monocytogenes consumption per person per year. The mean number of occurrences consumed annually per person was determined to be 10 to 100 for RTE food values of 2 to 20% of the total dietary intake, respectively. The frequency of foodborne listeriosis ( approximately 10 super(-5)) was consistent with the estimated exposure rate only if the susceptible population was unexpectedly small or extremely high doses were necessary for infection. Because little evidence is available to support a high rate of unreported non-severe infections, this study was concerned only with severe listeriosis cases. Published frequencies of L. monocytogenes concentrations in food were used to convert occurrences to colony forming units (CFU). Low L. monocytogenes concentrations ( approximately 1 CFU/g) were too frequent to be responsible for listeriosis in susceptible subjects, would have caused listeriosis only with extremely low probability in a one-cell threshold infection model. The probability of exposure to a higher dose ( greater than or equal to 10 super(3) CFU) was large enough to account for the observed rate of listeriosis. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Hitchins, AD AD - Division of Microbiological Studies (HFS-516), Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - Jan 1996 SP - 71 EP - 85 VL - 30 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - listeriosis KW - diets KW - food-borne diseases KW - man KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15781209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+alimentary+exposure+to+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Hitchins%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Hitchins&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Risk analysis and production of safe food. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; food-borne diseases; listeriosis; diets; man ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Medical human factors AN - 15779081; 248270 AB - This paper provides an overview of the panel discussion of how human factors concerns currently are being addressed in medical care and demonstrates that medicine and health care are critical areas for research and application of human factors considerations. Three topics of relevance to the human factors community are addressed by the panel. One is performance-related information. The second is information used in decision making. The third topic is the need for human factors in the earliest design stage of the development of medical devices, and the actual experience of a user in developing and manufacturing a device. Summaries of the presentation of each of the panel members are presented. JF - Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Proceedings. Vol. 2, pp. 752-756. 1996. AU - Bogner, Marilyn Sue AU - Gross, Thomas P AU - Sanderson, Penelope AU - Seagull, FJacob AU - Muto, William H AU - Jones, Thomas N AU - Nevo, Igal AU - Donchin, Yoel Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 5 EP - 756 PB - HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY, INC., SANTA MONICA, CA, (USA) KW - Advanced Cardiac Life Support KW - Advanced data analysis algorithm KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Biomedical monitoring systems KW - Critical incident technique KW - Database systems KW - Decision making KW - Ergonomics KW - Health care KW - Human error KW - Information use KW - Medical computing KW - Medical error KW - Medical human factors KW - Medical problems KW - Patient monitoring KW - Performance related information KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Algorithms KW - Medicine KW - Errors KW - W4 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 723.3:DATABASE SYSTEMS KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bogner%2C+Marilyn+Sue%3BGross%2C+Thomas+P%3BSanderson%2C+Penelope%3BSeagull%2C+FJacob%3BMuto%2C+William+H%3BJones%2C+Thomas+N%3BNevo%2C+Igal%3BDonchin%2C+Yoel&rft.aulast=Bogner&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=752&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Medical+human+factors&rft.title=Medical+human+factors&rft.issn=01635182&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiographic and pathologic correlation of coal workers' pneumoconiosis AN - 15769793; 3980278 AB - The relationships between chest radiographs (CXR) and corresponding pathology were investigated in 430 autopsied coal miners from West Virginia. Whole-lung sections were reviewed and graded on four-point severity scales for the following lesions of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP): macules, micro- and macronodules (small and large fibrotic nodules), and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Antemortem CXR were classified by three B readers using the 1971 International Labor Office (ILO) U/C classification (6). On pathologic examination, 96% of miners had macules, 70% micronodules, 45% macronodules, 15% silicosis, and 28% PMF. By CXR, 69% of the miners had small, rounded opacity profusions of category greater than or equal to 0/1. Data analysis revealed increasing odds that small opacities of category greater than or equal to 0/1 would be detected with increasing grade of nodules. Profusion category 0/0 was often reported for cases with macules of mild to moderate grade and mild levels of micronodules. Overall, q-type opacities were associated with macules and micronodules, whereas the large r-type opacities were associated with macronodules. By CXR, large opacities showed good correlation with pathologic PMF. However, about one-third of cases identified as having large opacities by CXR were not substantiated as PMF by pathology. One-fourth of these cases could be explained by lung lesions such as Caplan's nodules, tuberculosis scars, and tumors. Similarly, 22% of cases classified as PMF on pathology had no large opacities by CXR. In half of these cases, the radiologists had noted other abnormalities (cancer, tuberculosis) by CXR as large opacities. Overall, the study showed good agreement (Somer's d = 0.64) between the predicted probabilities and observed responses of a profusion category greater than or equal to 0/1 for pathologic CWP lesions. However, the study also showed that CXR were insensitive for detecting minimal CWP lesions, and were unreliable indicators in the presence of concomitant pulmonary pathology. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Brower, P S AU - Green, FHY AU - Attfield, MD AD - NIOSH Pathology Section, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 211, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 741 EP - 748 VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - radiography KW - mining KW - coal KW - occupational exposure KW - man KW - pneumoconiosis KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15769793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Radiographic+and+pathologic+correlation+of+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BBrower%2C+P+S%3BGreen%2C+FHY%3BAttfield%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pneumoconiosis; occupational exposure; coal; mining; radiography; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomechanical evaluation of scaffolding tasks AN - 15765692; 3982484 AB - A field study was conducted to identify tasks and activities that increase the risk of overexertion injury associated with the erection and dismantling of frame scaffolds, and to determine strategies that would prevent or reduce the worker's risk of injury. Twelve construction sites involving 29 workers were visited. The investigation identified that lifting scaffold end frames, carrying end frames, handling scaffold planks, removing cross braces, and removing guardrails are activities that increase the risk of overexertion injuries during task performance. This paper has focused on end-frame handling problems. Although the techniques used to handle end frames varied among the construction sites and subjects, six lifting and five carrying strategies were commonly used. Computer simulations of these work techniques show that considerable biomechanical stress occurs to most of the workers at their shoulders, elbows, and hips. To reduce overexertion injuries during erection and dismantling of frame scaffolds, design of an assistive device to lift scaffold end frames and modifications to the end-frame fixtures are suggested. Future research areas for the prevention of injury during scaffolding work are also proposed. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Hsiao, H AU - Stanevich, R L AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 18 IS - 5-6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - biomechanics KW - lifting KW - musculoskeletal system KW - scaffolds KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - construction industry KW - materials handling KW - ergonomics KW - simulation KW - occupational health KW - H SI1.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15765692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Biomechanical+evaluation+of+scaffolding+tasks&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+H%3BStanevich%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction industry; occupational health; materials handling; simulation; ergonomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis of the katG gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Effects on catalase-peroxidase activities and isoniazid resistance AN - 15765658; 3982301 AB - Recent studies examining the molecular mechanisms of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have demonstrated that a significant percentage of drug-resistant strains are mutated in the katG gene which encodes a catalase-peroxidase, and the majority of these alterations are missense mutations which result in the substitution of a single amino acid. In previous reports, residues which may be critical for enzymatic activity and the drug-resistant phenotype have been identified by evaluating INH-resistant clinical isolates and in vitro mutants. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis techniques were utilized to alter the wild-type katG gene from M. tuberculosis at 13 of these codons. The effects of these mutations were determined using complementation assays in katG-defective, INH-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. This mutational analysis revealed that point mutations in the katG gene at nine of the 13 codons can cause drug resistance, and that enzymatic activity and resistance to INH are inversely related. In addition, mutations in the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase which reduce catalase activity also decrease peroxidase activity. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Rouse, DA AU - DeVito, JA AU - Li, Z AU - Byer, H AU - Morris, S L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Building 29, Room 406 (HFM-431), 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 583 EP - 592 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - katG gene KW - catalase KW - isoniazid KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tuberculosis KW - drug resistance KW - site-directed mutagenesis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - N 14681:Mutagenesis techniques KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15765658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+of+the+katG+gene+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis%3A+Effects+on+catalase-peroxidase+activities+and+isoniazid+resistance&rft.au=Rouse%2C+DA%3BDeVito%2C+JA%3BLi%2C+Z%3BByer%2C+H%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; site-directed mutagenesis; drug resistance; tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stress management in work settings: A critical review of the health effects AN - 15761897; 3982503 AB - The author's purpose was to review critically the research literature on the health effects of worksite stress-management interventions. A variety of stress-management techniques was used in worksite studies, including muscle relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral skills, and combinations of these techniques. Outcome measures to evaluate the success of stress interventions included physiologic and psychologic measurements, somatic complaints, and job-related measures. Nearly three-fourths of the studies offered the training to all workers and did not specifically recruit high-stress employees. Over half the studies were randomized control trials, but only 30% conducted posttraining follow-up evaluations. The effectiveness of stress interventions varied according to the health-outcome measure used; some techniques were more effective for psychologic outcomes (e.g., cognitive-behavioral skills), whereas others were more effective for phychologic outcomes (e.g., muscle relaxation). Biofeedback was the least frequent technique used in work settings and also seemed to be the least effective technique. Meditation produced the most consistent results across outcome measures but was used in only six studies. In general, studies using a combination of techniques (e.g., muscle relaxation plus cognitivebehavioral skills) seemed to be more effective across outcome measures than single techniques. JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - Murphy, L R AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 112 EP - 135 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - anxiety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - psychology KW - stress KW - management KW - occupational health KW - H SI0.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15761897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=Stress+management+in+work+settings%3A+A+critical+review+of+the+health+effects&rft.au=Murphy%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational health; stress; psychology; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of HIV replication by immunoliposomal antisense oligonucleotide AN - 15758746; 3977300 AB - The sequence-specific suppression of HIV-1 replication using CD4 monoclonal-antibody-targeted liposomes, containing Rev antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides is described. Liposomes were prepared by encapsulating the 20-mer antisense DNA sequence of the rev HIV-1 regulatory gene, in the form of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Specific targeting was accomplished by conjugating anti-CD4 mouse monoclonal antibody to the surface of the liposomes. HIV-1-infected H9 cells as well as peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were incubated with the immunoliposomes of antisense found to have potential antiviral effect. HIV-1 replication was reduced by 85% in antisense immunoliposome-treated H9 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas the inhibition of HIV-1 replication was not observed using either empty immunoliposomes or immunoliposomes containing scrambled Rev phosphorothioate oligonucleotide sequences. The antiviral activity of both the free and the encapsulated oligonucleotides were assessed by p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Liposome preparations demonstrated minimal toxicity in H9 as well as in peripheral blood lymphocyte cell culture experiments. These in vitro culture results demonstrate the potential efficacy of immunoliposomes to inhibit HIV replication. JF - Antiviral Research AU - Selvam, M P AU - Buck, S M AU - Blay, R A AU - Mayner, R E AU - Mied, P A AU - Epstein, J S AD - HFM-321, Center for Biologics, Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD-20852 USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE IRELAND LTD. VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - CD4 antigen KW - rev gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antisense KW - liposomes KW - antiviral agents KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33380:Antisense UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15758746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Research&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+HIV+replication+by+immunoliposomal+antisense+oligonucleotide&rft.au=Selvam%2C+M+P%3BBuck%2C+S+M%3BBlay%2C+R+A%3BMayner%2C+R+E%3BMied%2C+P+A%3BEpstein%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Selvam&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+Research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antisense; antiviral agents; liposomes; monoclonal antibodies; polymerase chain reaction; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release declines rapidly over time following microdialysis probe insertion AN - 15756614; 3977461 AB - To investigate changes in striatal dopamine release over a series of brief methamphetamine (METH) exposures, METH was pulsed three times at 2-h intervals, with the first exposure occurring 2 h after microdialysis probe insertion. Whether METH was administered directly into the striatum via the microdialysate (20 mu M of METH for 10 min), or via peripheral intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (1 mg/kg METH, i.p.), the dopamine (DA) peak elicited by the third METH exposure was only 50% as large as that elicited by the first exposure, 4 h earlier. This decline in the magnitude of METH-induced DA release probably continued over at least 24 h, since the magnitude of a single peak 26 h after probe implantation was only one-seventh of that at 2 h. This reduction in the response to METH was a function of time post-probe insertion, and not of prior METH exposure. Thus, peak size was the same at 6 h post-implantation in animals which received two prior METH pulses or no prior METH pulses, and in both cases this 6-h peak was substantially lower than that at 2 h post-implantation. Circadian influences were also excluded as a factor, because size of the initial METH-induced DA peak did not vary as a function of time of probe implantation. It is concluded that METH-stimulated striatal DA release declines rapidly over time post-probe insertion. When METH exposures occur repeatedly at short intervals, this decline can mimic, but is not caused by, desensitization or depletion in response to prior METH exposure. JF - Brain Research AU - Holson, R R AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Clausing, P AU - Gough, B AD - Divisions of Developmental Toxicology and Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 301 EP - 307 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 739 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - methamphetamine KW - amphetamine KW - microdialysis KW - dopamine KW - DOPAC KW - time course KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - neostriatum KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15756614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine-stimulated+striatal+dopamine+release+declines+rapidly+over+time+following+microdialysis+probe+insertion&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BBowyer%2C+J+F%3BClausing%2C+P%3BGough%2C+B&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=739&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neostriatum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of intratesticular injection of sodium fluoride on spermatogenesis AN - 15753714; 3972832 AB - The potential of sodium fluoride to affect spermatogenesis in the rat was assessed by intratesticular injection. Experimental rats' left testis was injected with sodium fluoride (50, 175 and 250 ppm) in vehicle (0.9% physiological saline); control testes were injected with vehicle. The right testis served as a non-injected control. Testicular tissues collected `at' and `distal to' the injection site and from the non-injected control testes were evaluated microscopically 24 hr and 1, 2 and 3 wk post-injection. Testicular tissues obtained at and distal to the injection site in all fluoride-injected groups resembled tissues collected from corresponding areas in the controls. Seminiferous tubule damage observed in both the vehicle-injected control testes and the fluoride-injected testes but not in the non-injected testes was attributed to injection trauma. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration was observed 24 hr post injection only at the injection site in the vehicle- and fluoride-injected groups. Leydig cells were unaffected. Leucocyte infiltration with seminiferous tubule damage was not considered to be a fluoride treatment-related effect because it was observed in both vehicle- and fluoride-injected testes. The results demonstrate that spermatogenesis in the rat is not adversely affected by direct exposure to fluoride at levels 200 times greater than those under normal conditions. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, MJ AU - Rorie, JI AU - Collins, TFX AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Beltsville, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 377 EP - 384 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - sodium fluoride KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - testes KW - spermatogenesis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intratesticular+injection+of+sodium+fluoride+on+spermatogenesis&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+MJ%3BRorie%2C+JI%3BCollins%2C+TFX&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - spermatogenesis; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age dependence of the cardiac lesions induced by minoxidil in the rat AN - 15751861; 3972825 AB - To evaluate the age- and dose-dependence of the cardiotoxicity induced by minoxidil, histologic studies were made of the hearts of 3-, 6-, 15- and 24-month-old Sprague Dawley rats treated with either 10, 50 or 250 mg/kg of the drug p.o. daily for two consecutive days. The 10 mg/kg dose of minoxidil induced myocyte necrosis in each of the 24-month-old rats but only in one other animal (6-month-old). The 50 mg/kg dose produced necrosis in all the 15- and 24-month-old rats, but in only one of the other animals (6-month-old), while the 250 mg/kg dose induced necrosis in animals of all ages. Inflammation was present in all minoxidil-treated animals, but at each dose level it was most severe in the oldest rats. Interstitial hemorrhages were observed at all dose levels, but increased in frequency and severity with the dose of minoxidil, and at each dose level they were more severe in the oldest animals. Vascular lesions consisting of arteriolar damage and calcification were observed only in the 24-month-old animals. Thus, these data demonstrate that the cardiac lesions induced by minoxidil are more frequent and severe in older than in younger rats. JF - Toxicology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Chadwick, D P AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFD-472-MOD I, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 71 EP - 83 VL - 110 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - minoxidil KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lesions KW - heart KW - age KW - necrosis KW - vasodilators KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15751861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Age+dependence+of+the+cardiac+lesions+induced+by+minoxidil+in+the+rat&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BChadwick%2C+D+P%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - heart; lesions; age; necrosis; vasodilators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro embryotoxicity of fumonisin B sub(1) evaluated with cultured postimplantation staged rat embryos AN - 15750331; 3979550 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by various species of Eusarium, is frequently found in corn and corn products intended for human consumption. FB1 has been linked to esophageal cancer in humans, but little is currently known about its developmental toxicity. The present study evaluated the effects of FB1 on rat embryos placed into culture on GD 9.5 (stages 11a-11b) and exposed to FB1 for the entire 45-h culture period. No effects were observed at 0.14 mu M FB1, but inhibition of embryonic growth and development was observed at medium concentrations greater than or equal to 0.28 mu M. All observed treatment-related abnormalities could be explained on the basis of the overall inhibition of growth and development. Coaddition of the cell permeant sources of ceramide, N-acetylsphingosine (5 mu M), or ganglioside G sub(M1) (1 mu M), did not antagonize FB1 toxicity. Alkaline hydrolysis of FB1 reduced its embryotoxicity 100-fold. Crude extracts of Fusarium culture material were no more embryotoxic than could be explained on the basis of FB1 content. These findings suggest that FB1 is highly toxic to cultured rat embryos, but does not induce any specific abnormalities; the embryotoxicity of FB1 may not be due to inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis; the embryotoxicity of FB1 is reduced significantly by alkaline hydrolysis; and other toxins present in crude Fusarium extracts do not appear to interact with FB1. JF - In Vitro Toxicology AU - Flynn, T J AU - Pritchard, D AU - Bradlaw, JA AU - Eppley, R AU - Page, S AD - Division of Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 271 EP - 279 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0888-319X, 0888-319X KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rat KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Fusarium KW - embryos KW - in vitro KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15750331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+embryotoxicity+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+evaluated+with+cultured+postimplantation+staged+rat+embryos&rft.au=Flynn%2C+T+J%3BPritchard%2C+D%3BBradlaw%2C+JA%3BEppley%2C+R%3BPage%2C+S&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Toxicology&rft.issn=0888319X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; embryos; in vitro; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of acute theophylline toxicity by calcium channel blockers in dogs and rats AN - 15748468; 3972813 AB - Theophylline, widely used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, has a narrow therapeutic index; the recommended plasma levels being 10-20 mu g/ml in humans. The misuse or abuse of theophylline can cause life-threatening central nervous system and cardiovascular effects. Increased intracellular Ca super(2+) levels are thought to play an important role in theophylline toxicity and death. The objective of this study was to determine whether Ca super(2+) channel blockers, e.g. verapamil, nifedipine, or diltiazem, prevent sudden death caused by theophylline treatment in rats and dogs. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with theophylline alone (150 mg/kg i.p.) or with theophylline pretreatment followed by administration of verapamil (0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg i.p.), nifedipine (0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg i.p.), or diltiazem (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg i.p.), 2.5 to 15 min later. The rats were observed for toxic signs and survival over a period of 15 days. All three calcium channel blockers significantly reduced the theophylline-induced sudden death in rats. In a separate study, neither verapamil (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) nor nifedipine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) prevented the theophylline-induced myocardial necrosis in the rat. In beagle dogs, verapamil (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) prevented theophylline (15 mg/kg/min i.v. for 10 min)-induced hypotension, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Our results support previously reported findings that calcium plays a major role in theophylline-induced toxicity and death. JF - Toxicology AU - Whitehurst, V E AU - Joseph, X AU - Vick, JA AU - Alleva AU - Zhang, J AU - Balazs, T AD - FDA (HFD-570), Parklawn Building, Room 10B-45, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 113 EP - 121 VL - 110 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - theophylline KW - calcium channels KW - dogs KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - heart KW - central nervous system KW - calcium antagonists KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15748468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+acute+theophylline+toxicity+by+calcium+channel+blockers+in+dogs+and+rats&rft.au=Whitehurst%2C+V+E%3BJoseph%2C+X%3BVick%2C+JA%3BAlleva%3BZhang%2C+J%3BBalazs%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whitehurst&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - central nervous system; heart; calcium antagonists ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Storage phosphor-based digital mammography using a low-dose x-ray system optimized for screen-film mammography AN - 15747897; 233431 AB - We are examining the feasibility of performing digital mammography by combining a storage- phosphor image receptor with a highly efficient x-ray system. The image receptor consists of Fuji series HR-V high resolution imaging plates and a Fuji 9000 reader. The x-ray system was developed using multiparameter optimization techniques, with the goal of reducing patient dose as much as possible while retaining acceptable imaging performance. We have measured sensitometric properties, modulation transfer function (MTF), and noise power spectrum (NPS) of the Fuji plates with low-energy x-ray spectra. We have used the measurements, along with information about the x-ray system, to estimate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for objects in a contrast-detail (C-D) phantom. We present the results of our measurements on the Fuji plates, comparisons of calculated and observed C-D diagrams for this system and a conventional system, and comparisons of phantom images and doses for this system to images and doses for a conventional system. We conclude that digital mammography with the system studied is at least feasible since phantom image quality is comparable to that of a conventional system at dose levels that are somewhat lower. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 2708, pp. 220-232. 1996. AU - Jennings, Robert J AU - Jafroudi, Hamid AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - Fewell, Thomas R AU - Quinn, P W AU - Steller Artz, Dorothy E AU - Vucich, James J AU - Freedman, Matthew TMD AU - Mun, Seong K Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 13 EP - 232 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA, (USA) SN - 0819420832 KW - Contrast detail phantoms KW - Digital image storage KW - Digital mammography KW - Image quality KW - Modulation transfer function KW - Multiparameter optimization KW - Noise power spectra KW - Phosphors KW - Screen film mammography KW - Signal to noise ratio KW - Spurious signal noise KW - Storage phosphor image receptors KW - Transfer functions KW - X ray radiography KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oncology KW - Optimization KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 931.4:QUANTUM THEORY KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15747897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Robert+J%3BJafroudi%2C+Hamid%3BGagne%2C+Robert+M%3BFewell%2C+Thomas+R%3BQuinn%2C+P+W%3BSteller+Artz%2C+Dorothy+E%3BVucich%2C+James+J%3BFreedman%2C+Matthew+TMD%3BMun%2C+Seong+K&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=0819420832&rft.btitle=Storage+phosphor-based+digital+mammography+using+a+low-dose+x-ray+system+optimized+for+screen-film+mammography&rft.title=Storage+phosphor-based+digital+mammography+using+a+low-dose+x-ray+system+optimized+for+screen-film+mammography&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Determination of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) concentration in turbid samples from Raman spectra AN - 15743491; 239770 AB - Recent technological advances have enabled the application of optical diagnostic techniques to human tissue and has suggested application of optical spectroscopy to a variety of biomedical problems. This work is a preliminary investigation of detection and monitoring of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) leakage in human breast tissue using Raman spectroscopy. The objectives of this project have direct pertinence to the concerns of physicians and patients about silicone implant integrity. Application of PLS to analyze tissue PDMS concentrations and to obtain information about light propagation within a turbid sample is discussed. JF - CONF PROC LASER ELECTR OPTIC SOC ANNU MEET AU - Durkin, Anthony J AU - Ediger, Marwood N AU - Pettit, George H Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Fiber optics KW - Human breast tissue KW - Implants (surgical) KW - Light absorption KW - Light propagation KW - Light scattering KW - Noninvasive medical procedures KW - Optical diagnostic techniques KW - Optical spectroscopy KW - Optical systems KW - Polydimethylsiloxane KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Silicone breast implants KW - Silicones KW - Tissue KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 741.1.2:FIBER OPTICS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15743491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CONF+PROC+LASER+ELECTR+OPTIC+SOC+ANNU+MEET&rft.atitle=Determination+of+polydimethylsiloxane+%28silicone%29+concentration+in+turbid+samples+from+Raman+spectra&rft.au=Durkin%2C+Anthony+J%3BEdiger%2C+Marwood+N%3BPettit%2C+George+H&rft.aulast=Durkin&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CONF+PROC+LASER+ELECTR+OPTIC+SOC+ANNU+MEET&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous assessment of bioprosthetic heart valve biomechanical properties and collagen crimp length AN - 15743043; 238423 AB - A new morphologic method is described for the simultaneous quantitation of porcine aortic valve collagen crimp length and the assessment of biomechanical properties. This method utilizes the simultaneous real-time video recording of collagen crimp morphology and acquisition of crimp length data through the combination of polarized light microscopy and morphometry. We felt that the development of this method was warranted, due to the fundamental role played by collagen in porcine aortic valve performance. The development of this method involved the design and fabrication of a uniaxial microtensile stage, suitable for mounting on a standard microscope stage. The validation of our test method was accomplished by a comparison of untreated and glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve leaflet tissue, because the biomechanical and morphologic characteristics of the native and fixed aortic valve have been extensively studied. The method described in this communication enables the collection of morphologic and biomechanical data from a single tissue specimen, eliminating the need for independent studies of multiple specimens. Furthermore, this method obviates the need for making assumptions, which may be difficult to verify, concerning the homogeneity of different test specimens with respect to their morphology and corresponding mechanical response to different experimental conditions. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Hilbert, S L AU - Sword, L C AU - Batchelder, K F AU - Barrick, M K AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 503 EP - 509 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Aldehydes KW - Biomechanical properties KW - Collagen KW - Collagen crimp length KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Morphometry KW - Optical microscopy KW - Polarized light microscopy KW - Real time video recording KW - Video recording KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Morphology KW - Biomechanics KW - Mechanical properties KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 421:STRENGTH OF BUILDING MATERIALS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS KW - W4 716.4:TELEVISION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15743043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+assessment+of+bioprosthetic+heart+valve+biomechanical+properties+and+collagen+crimp+length&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L%3BSword%2C+L+C%3BBatchelder%2C+K+F%3BBarrick%2C+M+K%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Morphology; Biomechanics; Mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of proteins encoded by the ptx and ptl genes of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis AN - 15739725; 3972438 AB - Bordetella pertussis is the only bacterial species which is known to produce pertussis toxin (PT); however, both Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis contain regions homologous to the ptx genes of B. pertussis that encode the toxin subunits. After finding that several children with B. parapertussis infections exhibited modest antibody titers to PT, we examined the ptx genes of both B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica to determine whether they would encode stable, functional proteins even though their promoters are thought to be inactive under the conditions that have been examined. We inserted a functional promoter directly upstream of the ptx-ptl region of both species and examined culture supernatants of the resulting strains for PT activity. Biologically active PT was found in the culture supernatants of both engineered species. The toxin encoded by the B. parapertussis ptx genes appeared more labile in culture supernatants than did toxin produced by either B. pertussis or the engineered strain of B. bronchiseptica. This lability might be due to the lack of a full-length S2 subunit. We also investigated the ptl genes of these species, which are necessary for the secretion of this toxin, and found that both B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis contain at least certain of these genes, including ptlE and ptlF. Moreover, B. bronchiseptica appeared to contain all essential ptl genes since the introduction of a functional promoter directly upstream of the ptx-ptl region resulted in both production and efficient secretion of toxin. These results indicate that despite a number of amino acid changes in the sequences of the toxins, the toxins encoded by B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis are active. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hausman, S Z AU - Cherry, J D AU - Heininger, U AU - Wirsing von Koenig, CH AU - Burns, D L AD - CBER, FDA HFM-434, Building 29, Room 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4020 EP - 4026 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - ptx gene KW - ptl gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - pertussis KW - Bordetella parapertussis KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15739725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+proteins+encoded+by+the+ptx+and+ptl+genes+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+and+Bordetella+parapertussis&rft.au=Hausman%2C+S+Z%3BCherry%2C+J+D%3BHeininger%2C+U%3BWirsing+von+Koenig%2C+CH%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hausman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella parapertussis; pertussis; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of submicron polyethylene wear debris from synovial-fluid samples of revised knee replacements using a light-scattering technique AN - 15734319; 235067 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine whether submicron-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris was present in synovial fluid surrounding knee implants, and to report on the utility of a light-scattering technique for the in situ analysis of submicron- sized wear debris. The measured light-scattering coefficients of the implant synovial fluid samples were significantly larger than the coefficients of the control samples (p<0.0001). The enhanced light scattering was attributed to the presence of submicron UHMWPE particles. This is consistent with light-scattering considerations and a Raman spectroscopy survey of synovial fluid. The mean particle volume fraction of UHNWPE was 1.11x10 super(-5) cm super(3)/mL for the six implant samples, with mean particle diameters in the range of 200-300 nm. The UHMWPE volume fractions were found to differ by a factor of 2 between the osteolytic and nonosteolytic cases. The current findings warrant further work to determine the role of submicron polyethylene debris in the wear mechanisms of biomaterials and in the development of osteolysis following total knee replacement. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Hahn, D W AU - Wolfarth, D L AU - Parks, N L AD - FDA Cent for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 355 EP - 363 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Knee implants KW - Polyethylene wear debris KW - Polyethylenes KW - Synovial fluid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Biomaterials KW - Light scattering KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15734319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+submicron+polyethylene+wear+debris+from+synovial-fluid+samples+of+revised+knee+replacements+using+a+light-scattering+technique&rft.au=Hahn%2C+D+W%3BWolfarth%2C+D+L%3BParks%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Raman spectroscopy; Light scattering; Biomaterials ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Evaluation of health care workers' apparel using microbiological methods AN - 15731802; 226845 AB - Health Care Workers are exposed to numerous biological hazards in the work place. This can occur in hospitals, care centers, laundry facilities, laboratories and other units dealing with the various aspects of health care. Some of these biological hazards can lead to death and the economic and emotional impact can be costly. This burden falls not only on the health care worker and individuals receiving these services but also on industry and government. There is a need to develop methods appropriate for evaluating protective wear against microbial as well as viral hazards. These hazards not only occur through fluid contamination like blood, serum but also through aerosol transmission. A method has been developed to evaluate the biobarrier properties of materials using either a bacterial spore or a bacteriophage. The indicator organism was aerosolized in an acrylic chamber. Filtration cups containing the testing material were exposed to the indicator organism consisting of B. subtilis var. niger spores. The materials were ranked by comparing the number of organisms that penetrated the material to the initial number exposed. JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. 1996. AU - Placencia, Ana M AU - Peeler, James T Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - ASTM, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, (USA) KW - Accident prevention KW - Aerosol transmission KW - Atmospheric aerosols KW - Health care KW - Health care workers KW - Microbial penetration KW - Occupational risks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Filtration KW - Contamination KW - Personnel KW - Microorganisms KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 914.3:INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W4 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15731802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Placencia%2C+Ana+M%3BPeeler%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Placencia&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+health+care+workers%27+apparel+using+microbiological+methods&rft.title=Evaluation+of+health+care+workers%27+apparel+using+microbiological+methods&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistic induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid in combination with polytetrafluoroethylene particles in a murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 AN - 15731343; 220982 AB - The induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ) by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles (5-50 mu m) and by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was examined in RAW cell cultures. Twenty-four-hour culture supernatants from the treated and control cells were assayed for TNF- alpha using a mouse L929 cell cytotoxicity assay. Untreated RAW cells produced low levels of endogenous TNF- alpha in the culture supernants. Addition of 0.5 ng to 1 mu g/mL LPS or 1 ng to 1 mu g/ml LTA increased the TNF- alpha production by 7-3570-fold and 2-815-fold, respectively. Addition of 1-5 mg PTFE increased the TNF- alpha production by 6-17-fold over the untreated control cell levels. The cells exposed to PTFE and 0.5 ng/mL LPS or 5 ng/mL LTA produced TNF- alpha levels that were significantly higher than those produced by any inducer alone. Thus, both LTA, a Gram-positive bacterial cell wall component and LPS, a GRAM-negative bacterial cell wall component, can induce TNF- alpha production, which is further enhanced by PTFE particles in RAW cells. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Chapekar, Mrunal S AU - Zaremba, Terrye G AU - Kuester, Robert K AU - Hitchins, Victoria M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 251 EP - 256 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Activated macrophages KW - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide KW - Bioassay KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Lipoteichoic acid KW - Murine macrophage cell line KW - Organic acids KW - Particles (particulate matter) KW - Polysaccharides KW - Supernatants KW - Tumor necrosis factor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Cell culture KW - Toxicity KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 815.1:POLYMERIC MATERIALS KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15731343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Synergistic+induction+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+by+bacterial+lipopolysaccharide+and+lipoteichoic+acid+in+combination+with+polytetrafluoroethylene+particles+in+a+murine+macrophage+cell+line+RAW+264.7&rft.au=Chapekar%2C+Mrunal+S%3BZaremba%2C+Terrye+G%3BKuester%2C+Robert+K%3BHitchins%2C+Victoria+M&rft.aulast=Chapekar&rft.aufirst=Mrunal&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Cell culture; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What can/should we learn from reports of medical device electromagnetic interference? AN - 15730957; 226205 AB - There have been a number of reports alleging that electromagnetic interference (EMI) resulted in the malfunction of electronic medical devices. These reports have stimulated investigation of the susceptibility of specific devices, the recognition of EMI as a potential problem for electronic medical devices and the development of an action plan to work toward assurance of medical device electromagnetic compatibility. JF - Compliance Engineering AU - Silberberg, Jeffrey L AD - US FDA Cent for Devices and Radiological Health, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 8 PB - COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING, ANDOVER, MA, (USA) VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0898-3577, 0898-3577 KW - Electromagnetic interference (EMI) KW - Electronic medical equipment KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Equipment testing KW - Reliability KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 711.1:ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN DIFFERENT MEDIA KW - W4 715.2:INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT KW - W4 711:ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compliance+Engineering&rft.atitle=What+can%2Fshould+we+learn+from+reports+of+medical+device+electromagnetic+interference%3F&rft.au=Silberberg%2C+Jeffrey+L&rft.aulast=Silberberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compliance+Engineering&rft.issn=08983577&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploratory study of the relationship between biomechanical factors and right-arm musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue in a VDT data-entry task AN - 15729138; 231065 AB - The relationship of key force and keystroke rate with right-arm musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue was explored in a video-display-terminal (VDT) data-entry task. Forty-three data transcribers entered bogus data from tax forms at a VDT for one workday with their right hand. Peak key force and keystroke rate were monitored on a continuous basis. Self-ratings of right-arm discomfort and fatigue were assessed at periodic intervals. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that both lower key forces and lower keystroke rates were associated with higher ratings of right-elbow discomfort. In addition, lower key forces were associated with higher ratings of right-hand discomfort and lower keystrokes rates were associated with higher ratings of right-shoulder discomfort and fatigue. The amount of variance accounted for by these models ranged from 7 to 24%. These results appear to be contrary to conventional biomechanical models that postulate a positive association between key force, keystroke rate and musculoskeletal discomfort in VDT work. Further laboratory and field research under controlled conditions is needed to clarify the direction and extent of the cause-and-effect relationship between biomechanical factors and musculoskeletal discomfort in VDT data-entry work. JF - Applied Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Schleifer, L M AD - NIOSH, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 195 EP - 200 PB - BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD, OXFORD, (ENGL) VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Computer terminals KW - Cumulative trauma disorders KW - Data transcribers KW - Injuries KW - Job analysis KW - Key force KW - Keystroke rate KW - Musculoskeletal discomfort KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Occupational risks KW - Repetitive work KW - Right-arm discomfort KW - Right-elbow discomfort KW - Right-shoulder discomfort KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Occupational diseases KW - Orthopedics KW - Regression analysis KW - Biomechanics KW - Data acquisition KW - W4 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 722.2:COMPUTER PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - W4 914.3.1:OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15729138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Exploratory+study+of+the+relationship+between+biomechanical+factors+and+right-arm+musculoskeletal+discomfort+and+fatigue+in+a+VDT+data-entry+task&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BSchleifer%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational diseases; Orthopedics; Regression analysis; Data acquisition; Biomechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutaraldehyde retains its disinfectant properties in presence of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) gel AN - 15725669; 229571 AB - Explanted medical devices are routinely sent to laboratories at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health for analysis. The shipping of these devices presents potential hazards to personnel as well as an opportunity for damage to the devices. In an effort to address these concerns, a viscous disinfecting shipping medium that would limit splashing and cushion a suspended device was proposed. Consequently, we investigated the disinfectant properties of adding a gelling agent, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) to common disinfectants. We found that the germicidal effectiveness of 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M borax when tested against Bacillus subtilis spores was not changed by the addition of 2% HPMC. In addition, HPMC appears to be compatible with 70% ethanol and at least one commercial disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium compound. Preliminary experiments indicate that an HPMC-disinfectant gel is a potentially useful packaging agent for minimizing the hazards to personnel and materials during shipping of explanted medical devices. The use of such a medium would be subject to guidelines within the context of a program for handling biologically contaminated materials. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Matchette, L S AU - Vegella, T J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 101 EP - 105 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Borax KW - Cellulose derivatives KW - Ethanol KW - Gelling agent KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose gel KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gels KW - Hazards KW - Bacteria KW - Disinfectants KW - Personnel KW - Biomaterials KW - W4 811.3:CELLULOSE AND DERIVATIVES KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15725669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Glutaraldehyde+retains+its+disinfectant+properties+in+presence+of+hydroxypropylmethyl+cellulose+%28HPMC%29+gel&rft.au=Matchette%2C+L+S%3BVegella%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Matchette&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Gels; Bacteria; Disinfectants; Personnel; Biomaterials ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Distribution of titanium and vanadium salts and corrosion products in cells, fluids, and organs in vivo and in cell culture in vitro AN - 15724216; 225710 AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the distribution, elimination and storage of titanium and vanadium in organs and in cells. Animals (hamsters) received injections of salts of titanium and vanadium and the distribution in blood, urine, and organs was determined. At the highest doses used (600 ug total of each element) titanium could be detected just above control levels in liver, spleen, kidney, and plasma. Vanadium was rapidly excreted but could be detected just above control levels in liver, spleen, urine, and plasma. Both elements were detected in bone (femur). Studies using fretting corrosion in hamsters indicated that most of the titanium remained at the site of deposition. There was some transport to the urine and plasma and also to bone. Most of the vanadium administered can be accounted for in rapid excretion in the urine. Most of the titanium remained at the site of deposition and little was transported from the site. The in vitro studies in cell culture confirmed the cell association (and thus retention) of titanium and the lack of cell association (and thus elimination) of vanadium. The highest dose of 600-750 ug of the element administered to the hamster is below the level of body burden of titanium found in tissues from patients with revision of total joints, and thus it can be expected that transport and organ deposition of titanium would occur in the humans at low levels. However, in general, the wear debris remains at the local site without evoking much of a biological response. JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. 1996. AU - Merritt, Katharine AU - Brown, Stanley A Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - ASTM, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, (USA) KW - Biological response KW - Corrosive effects KW - Excretion KW - Fretting corrosion KW - Hamsters KW - In vitro KW - In vivo KW - Organs KW - Tissue KW - Vanadium KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bone KW - Salts KW - Cells KW - Cell culture KW - Body fluids KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 543.6:VANADIUM AND ALLOYS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 539.1:METALS CORROSION KW - W4 542.3:TITANIUM AND ALLOYS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15724216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Merritt%2C+Katharine%3BBrown%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Distribution+of+titanium+and+vanadium+salts+and+corrosion+products+in+cells%2C+fluids%2C+and+organs+in+vivo+and+in+cell+culture+in+vitro&rft.title=Distribution+of+titanium+and+vanadium+salts+and+corrosion+products+in+cells%2C+fluids%2C+and+organs+in+vivo+and+in+cell+culture+in+vitro&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical investigation into factors affecting anesthetic distribution during spinal anesthesia AN - 15722731; 207928 AB - The factors affecting distribution of anesthetic within the spinal column are of current interest due to recent reports of neurological injury occurring during spinal anesthesia. This paper describes a numerical model for simulating anesthetic dispersion, and applies the model to the evaluation of spinal-column size, anesthetic injection rate, and catheter orientation as factors influencing the anesthetic distribution. The model is based upon the finite-element method and incorporates a three-dimensional geometry derived from images of human spinal columns. Simulation results show that the ratio of the cross-sectional dimension of the subarachnoid space within the spinal column to the diameter of the catheter is a critical parameter, with low values of this ratio producing the most uniform anesthetic distributions. Increasing injection rate is found to produce a less uniform distribution in a global sense (higher total volume of anesthetic in the 'sacral' half) but a more uniform distribution in a localized sense (lower concentrations at critical points). Finally, the anesthetic distribution is demonstrated to be highly sensitive to orientation angle at high injection rates. JF - Journal of Biomechanics AU - Myers, Matthew R AD - U.S. F.D.A., Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - PERGAMON PRESS LTD, OXFORD, (ENGL) VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9290, 0021-9290 KW - Anesthetic dispersion KW - Anesthetic distribution KW - Anesthetic transport KW - Computer simulation KW - Finite element method KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Numerical methods KW - Spinal anesthesia KW - Spinal column KW - Three dimensional KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Catheters KW - Geometry KW - Neurology KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15722731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.atitle=Numerical+investigation+into+factors+affecting+anesthetic+distribution+during+spinal+anesthesia&rft.au=Myers%2C+Matthew+R&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.issn=00219290&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Catheters; Geometry; Neurology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anchorage-independent growth with JB6 cells exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields at several flux densities AN - 15718730; 221771 AB - JB6 clone 41 cells have previously been shown to respond to a 1.1 mT magnetic field with increased growth under anchorage-independent (AI) conditions. Here we have examined the AI growth-response simultaneously at three lower flux densities and without an applied field. Fields were generated with Helmholtz coils held in water-jacketed CO sub(2) incubators. Colony growth (60 mu m diameter) was scored at 8 and 14 days after seeding cells in soft agar. Zero-field experiments conducted simultaneously in several incubators produced uniform counts (about 1 per 10 super(3) cells seeded). For 14-day exposures at 100 mu T, 10 mu T and 1 mu T, four of four, six of six, and two of three experiments, respectively, showed a significantly increased colony number (p<0.02), with the ratio of field-exposed to control colonies varying from 1.2 to 3.2. Thus, an effect of magnetic fields at flux densities approaching environmental levels of exposure has been demonstrated. JF - Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics AU - West, Robert W AU - Hinson, William G AU - Swicord, Mays L AD - Natl Cent for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 179 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE S.A., LAUSANNE, (SWITZERLAND) VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0302-4598, 0302-4598 KW - Anchorage independent growth KW - Cancer formation KW - Clone cells KW - Flux densities KW - Growth kinetics KW - Helmholtz coils KW - Magnetic field effects KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cell culture KW - Oncology KW - Diseases KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 701.2:MAGNETISM: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15718730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectrochemistry+and+Bioenergetics&rft.atitle=Anchorage-independent+growth+with+JB6+cells+exposed+to+60+Hz+magnetic+fields+at+several+flux+densities&rft.au=West%2C+Robert+W%3BHinson%2C+William+G%3BSwicord%2C+Mays+L&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectrochemistry+and+Bioenergetics&rft.issn=03024598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oncology; Cell culture; Diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and regeneration of protoplasts in Metarhizium anisopliae AN - 15699889; 3966474 AB - Protoplast formation and regeneration were studied in two varieties of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. The effect of varying parameters such as concentration of lytic enzyme, incubation time in lytic mixture, mycelial age, type of osmotic stabilizer and also the effect of pretreatment with thiol compounds on the protoplast yield was studied. The optimal protoplast yields were achieved when a 2-day mycelial preparation of var. major and a 3-day mycelial preparation of var. anisopliae were incubated for 3 hours in a lytic mixture containing 3.5 mg/ml lysing enzyme and 1.2 M ammonium sulphate as osmotic stabilizer, after pretreatment with dithiothreitol. Cell walls regenerated when protoplasts were grown in defined regeneration media. Several protoplasts produced a chain of yeast-like cells prior to hyphae development; the majority, however, developed hyphae from single protoplasts. Regeneration frequencies of up to 43.6% for var. anisopliae and 46.98% for var. major were recorded when using the osmotic stabilizer ammonium sulphate (0.6 M) in peptone dextrose yeast extract medium (PDYE) with a soft agar concentration of 0.5% (w/v). JF - Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology AU - Bakar, FDA AU - Chua, H-P AD - Dep. Microbiol., Fac. Life Sci., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 20 EP - 29 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0128-7451, 0128-7451 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - regeneration KW - protoplasts KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03006:Fungi KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15699889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Molecular+Biology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Formation+and+regeneration+of+protoplasts+in+Metarhizium+anisopliae&rft.au=Bakar%2C+FDA%3BChua%2C+H-P&rft.aulast=Bakar&rft.aufirst=FDA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Molecular+Biology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01287451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - regeneration; protoplasts; Metarhizium anisopliae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of nonmotile variants of Escherichia coli O157 and other serotypes by using an antiflagellin monoclonal antibody AN - 15698793; 3969177 AB - An antiflagellin monoclonal antibody (15D8) was used to detect the presence of flagella in nonmotile variants of several pathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes. Of the 48 isolates examined, 15 reacted with monoclonal antibody 15D8 and were culturally confirmed to be motile. Of the 38 clinical strains designated O157:NM or O157:H super(-), 7 were antibody reactive and motile and agglutinated with anti-H7 sera. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Feng, P AU - Fields, P I AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Whittam, T S AD - HFS-516, CFSAN, FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2856 EP - 2859 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - flagella KW - motility KW - Escherichia coli KW - hemorrhagic enteritis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+nonmotile+variants+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+other+serotypes+by+using+an+antiflagellin+monoclonal+antibody&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BFields%2C+P+I%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BWhittam%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; flagella; monoclonal antibodies; motility; hemorrhagic enteritis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elution of viruses by ionic and nonionic surfactants AN - 15686328; 3964580 AB - The ionic and nonionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, respectively, eluted two viruses, Phi X174 and PRD1, which were adsorbed to the ionic and nonionic binding membranes cationic polysulfone and nitrocellulose, respectively. Results indicated that complete elution was readily achieved only when combinations of surfactants and binding membranes were matched (i.e., ionic-ionic or nonionic-nonionic). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fujito, B T AU - Lytle, C D AD - HFZ-112, Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3470 EP - 3473 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - sodium lauryl sulfate KW - Triton X-100 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - membranes KW - surfactants KW - viruses KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15686328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Elution+of+viruses+by+ionic+and+nonionic+surfactants&rft.au=Fujito%2C+B+T%3BLytle%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Fujito&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - surfactants; viruses; membranes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinant hepatitis B vaccination of neonates and infants: Emerging safety data from the vaccine adverse event reporting system AN - 15684367; 3965996 AB - To evaluate the postmarketing safety of recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine given to neonates and infants in the US. US reports associated with HB vaccination and received between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 1995, by the national Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) were reviewed as a case series. During 1991 through 1994, 12 520 (32%) VAERS reports were received for events temporally associated with administration of HB vaccine, of which 14% were received for neonates and infants. More reports described serious outcomes for neonates (<0.1 year old) than for other age groups (40% vs. 6 to 15%). HB alone was administered to 58 (97%) neonates; review of these reports did not reveal unexpected serious events. Among infants (0.1 to 0.9 years old) 192 (9%) received HB vaccine alone and 1469 (66%) received HB in combination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Similar serious adverse events reported in neonates and infants included fever, agitation and apnea. Events reported for infants receiving HB/DTP and DTP alone were similar and differed from reports filed for infants receiving HB vaccine alone, suggesting that these events may be associated with use of DTP vaccine. This review shows no unexpected adverse events in neonates and infants given HB vaccine despite use of at least 12 million doses of vaccine given in these age groups. Although VAERS lacks the ability to distinguish coincidental events from true vaccine reactions, this database represents the largest case series of events temporally associated with HB vaccination of neonates and infants. JF - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal AU - Niu, M T AU - Davis, D M AU - Ellenberg, S AD - FDA, CBER, OELPS, DBE, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-220, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 771 EP - 776 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - hepatitis B KW - vaccination KW - USA KW - safety KW - complications KW - neonates KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15684367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Infectious+Disease+Journal&rft.atitle=Recombinant+hepatitis+B+vaccination+of+neonates+and+infants%3A+Emerging+safety+data+from+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BDavis%2C+D+M%3BEllenberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+Infectious+Disease+Journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; hepatitis B; vaccination; neonates; complications; safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rescheduling a three shift system at a steel rolling mill: Effects of a one hour delay of shift starting times on sleep and alertness in younger and older workers AN - 15680425; 3968219 AB - The authors evaluate a new work schedule at a Finnish steel mill with special attention to effects on older workers. The schedule was designed to improve sleep before the morning shift, and alertness during the morning shift, by delaying shift start and end times. The one hour delay in shift starting times improved sleep before the morning shift, and improved waking fatigue, sleepiness, and performance during the morning shift. Evening and night shift sleep and fatigue or sleepiness, however, were affected negatively by the new work schedule, but the results for those shifts were less consistent across the various measures. Despite the improvements, most workers were not satisfied with the new schedule because of social concerns. Few interactions of age with the new work schedule were found, suggesting that the effects of the work schedule were uniform across age groups. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Rosa, R R AU - Haermae, M AU - Pulli, K AU - Mulder, M AU - Naesman, O AD - NIOSH, Taft Lab., Mail Stop C-24, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 677 EP - 685 VL - 53 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - shift work KW - fatigue KW - sleep KW - work-rest schedules KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - metal industry KW - Finland KW - steel KW - occupational health KW - H SI2.26:FOUNDRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Rescheduling+a+three+shift+system+at+a+steel+rolling+mill%3A+Effects+of+a+one+hour+delay+of+shift+starting+times+on+sleep+and+alertness+in+younger+and+older+workers&rft.au=Rosa%2C+R+R%3BHaermae%2C+M%3BPulli%2C+K%3BMulder%2C+M%3BNaesman%2C+O&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Finland; steel; metal industry; occupational health ER - TY - BOOK T1 - 2-Ethoxyethanol and 2-methoxyethanol -- developmental toxicity in Drosophila AN - 15671580; 3957050 AB - In order to assess the developmental toxicity of selected glycol ethers, Drosophila melanogaster larvae were reared on media containing 2-ethoxyethanol (2EE) or 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), both documented mammalian developmental toxicants. Drosophila were exposed in culture vials throughout development to 54-78 mg 2EE/vial or 12.5-26 mg 2ME/vial with each vial containing 1g of powdered medium and 5ml of distilled deionized water or a solution of test chemical in water. Both glycol ethers were evaluated at five concentrations plus a vehicle control with the highest concentrations being the estimated LC sub(50). A mated untreated female was added to each vial and allowed to oviposit for 20 hours. Emerging adults were examined microscopically (25X) for bent humeral bristles or wing blade notches - morphological endpoints shown to occur with an increased incidence in flies exposed to developmental toxicants in our previous work. Incidence data from treated flies were compared to concurrent controls using chi-square. The incidence of wing notches was statistically increased at all 2EE concentrations, while the incidence of bent humeral bristles was increased only in the 71 mg/vial treatment. Wing notches were also statistically increased in the 12.5 and 22 mg/vial 2ME treatment groups, while the incidence of bent humeral bristles was increased at all 2ME concentrations. These results indicate that the Drosophila bioassay can accurately identify two glycol ethers with known developmental toxicity, and suggest that this assay could also be used as a prescreen for assessing the developmental toxicity of other glycol ethers. JF - Occupational Hygiene [OCCUP. HYG.]. Vol. 2, no. 1-6. 1996. AU - Lynch, D AU - Toraason, M Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - methyl cellosolve KW - glycol ethers KW - Entomology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - development KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=2-Ethoxyethanol+and+2-methoxyethanol+--+developmental+toxicity+in+Drosophila&rft.title=2-Ethoxyethanol+and+2-methoxyethanol+--+developmental+toxicity+in+Drosophila&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Experimental interactions of glycol ethers with chemical and physical agents: Developmental toxicology AN - 15668450; 3955211 AB - The interactive toxicity of several glycol ethers with other chemical and physical agents has been investigated in a number of studies. In adult rats, ethanol or other alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors altered the blood levels and the toxic effects of 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), 2-ethoxyethanol (2EE), and 2-butoxyethanol (2BE). More recent research is investigating the effects of ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol on the metabolism of several glycol ethers. Developmental toxicologists have investigated the interactive toxicity of several glycol ethers with various agents, including ethanol and a number of simple physiological compounds. In addition to these studies, approached from a mechanistic point of view, other studies have investigated the interactive effects of glycol ethers with agents to which people may be exposed in the workplace. Concurrent exposures to glycol ethers and physical agents occur in workers involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electro-surgical units. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. Our first study demonstrated that combined exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation, which also induces hyperthermia and is teratogenic to exposed animals, and 2ME produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. A more recent study replicates and extends our previous research. The interactive dose-related teratogenicity of RF radiation (sham exposure or maintaining rectal temperatures at 42.0 degree C for 0, 10, 20, or 30 minutes) and 2ME (0, 75, 100, 125, or 150 mg/kg) was investigated by administering various combinations of RF radiation and 2ME to groups of rats on gestation days 9 or 13; gestation-day 20 fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations. The results are consistent with and extend our previous research findings. Exposures early in organogenesis (day 9) generally evidenced little effect by 2ME, either by itself or in combination with RF radiation. In contrast, late organogenesis exposures (day 13) resulted in highly significant effects from 2ME and RF radiation, primarily in the forepaw digits. Statistical analyses did not show a global synergistic effect, but did show evidence for a synergistic effect at intermediate levels of the dose ranges. Ongoing research is addressing a potential mechanism of interaction (changes in the biotransformation of 2ME), as well as interactions at lower doses of 2ME and RF radiation. JF - Occupational Hygiene [OCCUP. HYG.]. Vol. 2, no. 1-6. 1996. AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 KW - glycol ethers KW - methyl cellosolve KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - butyl cellosolve KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogens KW - radiation KW - development KW - hyperthermia KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15668450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Experimental+interactions+of+glycol+ethers+with+chemical+and+physical+agents%3A+Developmental+toxicology&rft.title=Experimental+interactions+of+glycol+ethers+with+chemical+and+physical+agents%3A+Developmental+toxicology&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Combining reproductive studies of men exposed to 2-ethoxyethanol to increase statistical power AN - 15665379; 3955148 AB - An inherent problem of occupational field studies requiring biological measurements is obtaining a sufficient number of workers at a study location to provide a data base sufficient for the statistical power needed to detect differences due to exposure. This is evident in the two previously reported occupational field studies of 2-ethoxyethanol in which the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted the andrologic evaluations. Because the same laboratory team conducted these studies, the data from the two studies were combined using a two-factor mixed-model analysis of variance. The first factor remained the exposure status (control vs. exposed); a second factor, representing the study location, was added to the model. Study location was treated as a random effect which requires more stringent assumptions than an analysis of either location separately. Nevertheless, treating study location as a random effect allows for a more appropriate generalization of results from these two studies to all possible study sites with similar exposure levels of 2-ethoxyethanol. The combined analysis of these studies strengthens the conclusions from each study for the effects of 2-ethoxyethanol on sperm production and indicates an additional effect on semen production. JF - Occupational Hygiene [OCCUP. HYG.]. Vol. 2, no. 1-6. 1996. AU - Schrader, S M AU - Turner, T W AU - Ratcliffe, J M AU - Welch, L S AU - Simon, S D Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 KW - sperm KW - glycol ethers KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - spermatozoa KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - reproduction KW - chemicals KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BRatcliffe%2C+J+M%3BWelch%2C+L+S%3BSimon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Combining+reproductive+studies+of+men+exposed+to+2-ethoxyethanol+to+increase+statistical+power&rft.title=Combining+reproductive+studies+of+men+exposed+to+2-ethoxyethanol+to+increase+statistical+power&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxin development by Clostridium botulinum in modified atmosphere-packaged fresh Tilapia fillets during storage AN - 15663303; 3947853 AB - Potential for toxin development by Clostridium botulinum type E was investigated in retail-type packages of fresh Tilapia fillets packaged in high barrier film under selected atmospheres [100% air, a modified atmosphere (MA) containing 75%CO sub(2):25%N sub(2), and vacuum] and stored under refrigeration (4 degree C) and abuse temperatures (8 and 16 degree C). Toxin development coincided with sensory spoilage at 16 degree C storage for fillets packaged in either MA, or vacuum. At 8 degree C, toxin development in fillets packaged in either of the atmospheres occurred 7-23 days after sensory spoilage. At 4 degree C, none of MA-packaged fillets became toxic until 10 days after onset of sensory spoilage. Toxin development did not precede sensory spoilage in any treatments or temperatures studied. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Reddy, N R AU - Paradis, A AU - Roman, M G AU - Solomon, H M AU - Rhodehamel, E J AD - Natl. Cent. for Food Safety & Technol., U.S. FDA, Div. Food Processing and Packaging, 6502 S. Archer Rd., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 632 EP - 635 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - odor KW - food spoilage KW - toxins KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Tilapia KW - seafood KW - storage KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R 18121:Flavor & aroma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15663303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Toxin+development+by+Clostridium+botulinum+in+modified+atmosphere-packaged+fresh+Tilapia+fillets+during+storage&rft.au=Reddy%2C+N+R%3BParadis%2C+A%3BRoman%2C+M+G%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Tilapia; toxins; seafood; storage; food spoilage; odor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of micronuclei in cultured mammalian cells by fume condensates of roofing asphalt AN - 15646020; 3946769 AB - A considerable number of workers in the United States are employed in asphalt industries and are potentially exposed to asphalt fumes. The information regarding the potential carcinogenic hazards of such fumes to exposed workers is still limited. Studies have been conducted to determine the cytogenetic effects of roofing asphalt fume using cultured mammalian cells. Exponentially growing Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) were exposed to different concentrations of condensates of type I and type III roofing asphalt fumes, generated at temperatures similar to actual roofing operation (316 plus or minus 10 degree C). The frequencies of micronucleated cells in the treated and control cultures were determined. Additionally, immunofluorescent staining of kinetochore with human anti-kinetochore primary antibody and flouresceinated goat anti-human IgG was used to investigate the potential mechanism of micronucleus formation. The results show that both types of roofing asphalt fume condensates caused a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells, and that 70% of micronucleated cells induced by asphalt fume condensates carried kinetochore-positive micronuclei. These findings indicate that both type I and type III roofing asphalt fumes are capable of causing principally cytogenetic damage by spindle apparatus alterations in cultured mammalian cells. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Qian, H-W AU - Ong, T AU - Whong, W-Z AD - Microbiol. Sect., DRDS, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2048, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 554 EP - 559 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - roofing KW - asphalt KW - construction industry KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cytotoxicity KW - hazards KW - carcinogenesis KW - fumes KW - occupational exposure KW - genotoxicity KW - chromosome aberrations KW - vapors KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - H SM5.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - H SI1.21:HOUSING AND BUILDING INDUSTRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15646020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Induction+of+micronuclei+in+cultured+mammalian+cells+by+fume+condensates+of+roofing+asphalt&rft.au=Qian%2C+H-W%3BOng%2C+T%3BWhong%2C+W-Z&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=H-W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; fumes; vapors; cytotoxicity; hazards; genotoxicity; chromosome aberrations; construction industry; carcinogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of Mycobacterium avium in stool samples from AIDS patients by immunomagnetic PCR AN - 15645847; 3944032 AB - Direct PCR detection of bacteria in clinical samples is often hindered by the presence of compounds that inhibit the PCR. To improve and accelerate the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex infections, an immunomagnetic PCR (IM-PCR) assay was developed. This IM-PCR procedure combines the separation of mycobacteria by antimycobacterial monoclonal antibody coupled to magnetic beads with an M. avium-M. intracellulare complex-specific PCR protocol based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. As few as 10 M. avium bacilli were detected in spiked human stool samples, a clinical specimen usually refractory to conventional PCR analysis, by the IM-PCR method. Moreover, M. avium organisms were detected in about 24 h in 18 of 22 culture-confirmed fecal samples from AIDS patients. This IM-PCR protocol should allow for the rapid and sensitive detection of M. avium isolates in clinical specimens. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Li, Zhongming AU - Bai, G H AU - Von-Reyn, C F AU - Marino, P AU - Brennan, MJ AU - Gine, N AU - Morris, S L AD - FDA/CBER (HFM-431), 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1903 EP - 1907 VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - genes KW - immunocompromised hosts KW - probes KW - man KW - bacteremia KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - feces KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15645847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+Mycobacterium+avium+in+stool+samples+from+AIDS+patients+by+immunomagnetic+PCR&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhongming%3BBai%2C+G+H%3BVon-Reyn%2C+C+F%3BMarino%2C+P%3BBrennan%2C+MJ%3BGine%2C+N%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhongming&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium; immunocompromised hosts; feces; genes; probes; polymerase chain reaction; bacteremia; man; monoclonal antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimal requirements for murine resistance to infection with Francisella tularensis LVS AN - 15640046; 3942894 AB - Intraperitoneal or intravenous infection of mice with Francisella tularensis LVS is lethal, with an intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose (LD sub(50)) approaching a single bacterium. Intradermal (i.d.) LVS infection has a much higher LD sub(50), about 10 super(6) bacteria in BALB/cByJ mice, and survival of i.d. infection leads to solid generation of immunity against lethal challenge. To define the minimal requirements for both initial and long-term survival of i.d. infection, we characterized the nature of i.d. LVS infection in lymphocyte-deficient BALB/cByJ.scid (scid) mice. scid mice infected i.d. with strain LVS survived for about 20 days and then died from overwhelming disseminated infection. However, scid mice treated with monoclonal antibodies to gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or neutrophils-granulocytes all died within 1 week of infection, indicating that these were essential for early control of infection. Studies using GKO (gamma interferon knockout) mice emphasized that gamma interferon is absolutely required for initial survival of i.d. LVS infection. scid mice could be reconstituted for long-term survival of i.d. LVS infection and clearance of bacteria by intravenous transfer of splenic lymphocytes or purified B220 super(-)/T super(+) lymphocytes but not nu/nu lymphocytes. T cells are therefore required for long-term clearance and survival of i.d. LVS infection; efforts to determine whether CD4 super(+) T cells, CD8 super(+) T cells, or both are involved are ongoing. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Elkins, K L AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AU - Culkin, S J AU - Yee, D AU - Winegar, R K AD - Lab. Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Dis., DBP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 440, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3288 EP - 3293 VL - 64 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes T KW - severe combined immunodeficiency KW - transgenic mice KW - immune response KW - Francisella tularensis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15640046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Minimal+requirements+for+murine+resistance+to+infection+with+Francisella+tularensis+LVS&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R%3BCulkin%2C+S+J%3BYee%2C+D%3BWinegar%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; severe combined immunodeficiency; transgenic mice; lymphocytes T; immune response ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees AN - 15624407; 3935664 AB - Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was repeatedly isolated from decaying wood forming hollows in living trees growing in urban areas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A new natural habitat for C. neoformans var. neoformans has been found that is not associated with specific trees. JF - Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology AU - Lazera AU - Pires, FDA AU - Camillo-Coura, L AU - Nishikawa, M M AU - Bezerra, CCF AU - Trilles, L AU - Wanke, B AD - Lab. Micologia Medica, Hosp. Evandro Chagas, Fundacaeo Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 127 EP - 131 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0268-1218, 0268-1218 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cryptococcus neoformans neoformans KW - wood KW - habitat KW - Brazil, Rio de Janeiro KW - trees KW - urban environments KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15624407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+%26+Veterinary+Mycology&rft.atitle=Natural+habitat+of+Cryptococcus+neoformans+var.+neoformans+in+decaying+wood+forming+hollows+in+living+trees&rft.au=Lazera%3BPires%2C+FDA%3BCamillo-Coura%2C+L%3BNishikawa%2C+M+M%3BBezerra%2C+CCF%3BTrilles%2C+L%3BWanke%2C+B&rft.aulast=Lazera&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+%26+Veterinary+Mycology&rft.issn=02681218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptococcus neoformans neoformans; Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; habitat; wood; trees; urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIOSH research initiatives to prevent back injuries to nursing assistants, aides, and orderlies in nursing homes AN - 15607540; 3924954 AB - Over the past 100 years, advances in nutrition, modern medicine, public health, and a multitude of public health improvements have increased the life expectancy of U.S. residents. The fact that Americans are living longer has resulted in extensive growth in our elderly population and a rapid employment growth that delivered about 2 million new jobs between 1980 and 1989 in the health care workforce. The Bureau of Labor Statistics Injury and Illness Data for nursing homes rose from 10.7 to 18.6 injuries or illnesses per 100 full-time workers between 1980 and 1992. The injury and illness rates among nursing home workers are partly due to the physical stress of providing round-the-clock assistance with the basic activities of daily living, such as getting in and out of a bed or chair, as well as bathing and toileting. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting a series of research studies to identify strategies to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries to workers in nursing homes. NIOSH has funded two laboratory evaluations of resident transferring methods and one field study in an actual nursing home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the key findings from past NIOSH research initiatives and to present an overview of future research. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Owen, B D AD - NIOSH, 1095 Wellaudale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 421 EP - 424 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - back KW - nursing homes KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - medical personnel KW - occupational health KW - injuries KW - research programs KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H SM9.46:BACK INJURIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15607540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=NIOSH+research+initiatives+to+prevent+back+injuries+to+nursing+assistants%2C+aides%2C+and+orderlies+in+nursing+homes&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BOwen%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - injuries; medical personnel; research programs; occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial degradation of low concentrations of phenanthrene and inhibition by naphthalene AN - 15604776; 3925653 AB - Phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures of soils contaminated with creosote and jet fuel. The isolates from the creosote enrichments were classified by fatty acid methyl ester profiles as Acidovorax delafieldii and Sphingomonas paucimobilis; the bacterium from the jet fuel-contaminated soil was not identified and was designated strain JFD11. All three isolates used phenanthrene as a sole carbon and energy source, and two of the isolates used fluoranthene as a sole carbon and energy source. Anthracene and fluorene were cometabolized by all three strains, but pyrene was not transformed. Naphthalene inhibited all of the strains, and 28-h cultures of A. delafieldii were inhibited by naphthalene concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Short-term degradation experiments were undertaken with center-well flasks and concentrations of phenanthrene ranging from 1.2 to 12.0 mu M. Since initial degradation rates were not a function of phenanthrene concentration, it was inferred that the half-saturation constants were less than the lowest phenanthrene concentration tested. JF - Microbial ecology. New York NY AU - Shuttleworth, K L AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 305 EP - 317 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - phenanthrene KW - carbon sources KW - naphthalene KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - Acidovorax delafieldii KW - Sphingomonas paucimobilis KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15604776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Bacterial+degradation+of+low+concentrations+of+phenanthrene+and+inhibition+by+naphthalene&rft.au=Shuttleworth%2C+K+L%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acidovorax delafieldii; Sphingomonas paucimobilis; naphthalene; biodegradation; soil remediation; carbon sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of symptom surveys for occupational musculoskeletal disorders AN - 15603597; 3921337 AB - Symptom surveys have bee used extensively as part of workplace ergonomic screening programs and epidemiologic assessments of musculoskeletal disorders in groups of workers. This paper examines the reliability and validity two musculoskeletal symptom surveys, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and a survey used in conjunction with epidemiologic assessments by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Journal articles assessing the validity and reliability of the NMQ were reviewed. A retrospective assessment combining two NIOSH cohorts with a total of 852 workers assessed the reliability and validity of that survey. Reliability was assessed through test-retest methods and interitem correlations between similar questions. Validity was assessed by comparison with results from physical examination assessments of workers and self-reports of workers seeking medical care. Both reliability and validity were found to be acceptable for the purposes of workplace ergonomics programs. Implications for use of these surveys for prevention and treatment outcomes research are discussed. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Baron, S AU - Hales, T AU - Hurrell, J AD - Hazard Evaluation and Techn. Assistance Branch, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 609 EP - 617 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - injuries KW - research programs KW - ergonomics KW - occupational health KW - H SI0.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15603597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+symptom+surveys+for+occupational+musculoskeletal+disorders&rft.au=Baron%2C+S%3BHales%2C+T%3BHurrell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ergonomics; occupational health; injuries; research programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of a wood treatment facility: Impact on an aquatic ecosystem in the San Joaquin River, Stockton, California AN - 15602340; 3925791 AB - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals were monitored in the river sediments near the McCormick and Baxter (MCB) wood treatment facility, Stockton, CA. Transplanted clams and resident fish species were used to assess bioavailability. The highest PCDD and PCDF contamination in sediments were confined to an area next to the facility and an area in the nearby Stockton harbor (DK location). Pentachlorophenol (PCP) wood treatment at MCB was the most probable source of the contamination. PCBs contaminated a wider area of the Stockton Ship Channel and harbor. Metal concentrations were uniformly low except for the metalloid arsenic in the Old Mormon Slough and lead and zinc near boat docks in the Stockton harbor. Despite high mortality rates, clams (Corbicula fluminea) bioaccumulated PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. In clams, PCBs and 2,3,7,8 TCDD were much closer to equilibrium with the sediments than were higher chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs. All fish were at background levels for 2,3,7,8 TCDD. All fish had lower lipid adjusted PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in the skinned muscle than in the whole fish. PCBs in fish were above background levels for United States river systems. Although high contamination exists in the river near this superfund site, adverse effects on the aquatic community could not be demonstrated. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Hayward, D G AU - Petreas, M X AU - Winkler, J J AU - Visita, P AU - McKinney, M AU - Stephens, R D AD - US FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Corbicula fluminea KW - PCB KW - Pisces KW - clams KW - environmental impact KW - fish KW - forest industry KW - monitoring KW - pollution effects KW - pollution monitoring KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - pulp wastes KW - sediment concentration KW - sediment pollution KW - water pollution effects KW - wood KW - wood wastes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - industrial wastes KW - ecosystems KW - USA, California, San Joaquin R. KW - water pollution KW - metals KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15602340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+wood+treatment+facility%3A+Impact+on+an+aquatic+ecosystem+in+the+San+Joaquin+River%2C+Stockton%2C+California&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D+G%3BPetreas%2C+M+X%3BWinkler%2C+J+J%3BVisita%2C+P%3BMcKinney%2C+M%3BStephens%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution monitoring; monitoring; pulp wastes; wood; fish; environmental impact; ecosystems; sediment pollution; bioaccumulation; industrial wastes; forest industry; metals; pollution effects; water pollution; PCB; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pisces; wood wastes; sediment concentration; clams; polychlorinated biphenyls; water pollution effects; Corbicula fluminea; USA, California, San Joaquin R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding diversity of monoclonal antibodies to alpha (2 arrow right 8) polysialic acid conjugated to outer membrane vesicle via adipic acid dihydrazide AN - 15600643; 3929093 AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated using group B Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli K1 polysaccharides (PSs) conjugated to outer membrane vesicle (OMV) via adipic acid dihydrazide, and were used to identify the immunodeterminants expressed on these capsular PSs. Ten mAbs representative of IgM and all subclasses of IgG were obtained which recognized diverse immunodeterminants on alpha (2 arrow right 8) polysialic acid (PSA). The specificity of mAbs to different antigenic determinants was assessed by their differential binding to PSA attached to a solid phase by different methods and confirmed by absorption studies. Two mAbs from the E. coli K1 fusion were directed to the O-acetyl epitope and the rest reacted with both the PSs only when attached to a solid phase by certain means. The methods by which PSA was coated on the solid phase had an impact on the epitope expression and binding pattern. At the concentrations used, the O-acetyl-specific mAbs, IgG1 and IgG3 mAbs were not bactericidal against group B N. meningitidis, whereas other mAbs were. The conjugates B and K1 PSs present to the murine immune system different antigenic determinants, some of which elicit bactericidal antibodies. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Devi, SJN AU - Karpas, AB AU - Frasch, CE AD - Division of Bacterial Products, HFM 428, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 211 EP - 220 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - polysialic acid KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - antigenic determinants KW - vaccines KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - immunoglobulins KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15600643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Binding+diversity+of+monoclonal+antibodies+to+alpha+%282+arrow+right+8%29+polysialic+acid+conjugated+to+outer+membrane+vesicle+via+adipic+acid+dihydrazide&rft.au=Devi%2C+SJN%3BKarpas%2C+AB%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=SJN&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Neisseria meningitidis; vaccines; monoclonal antibodies; immunoglobulins; antigenic determinants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro percutaneous absorption of the fragrance ingredient musk xylol AN - 15598536; 3929687 AB - The percutaneous absorption of the fragrance fixative musk xylol was measured in vitro in human and hairless guinea pig skin. For comparison, musk xylol was applied to skin in an oil-in-water emulsion or the volatile solvent, methanol. After 24 hr, total absorption of musk xylol in hairless guinea pig skin was 55% from the emulsion vehicle and 45% from the methanol vehicle. With human skin, permeation of musk xylol from both vehicles decreased to 22% of the applied dose. When human studies were continued for an additional 6 days after skin surface washing, only 6% of the applied dose remained in skin. The data suggest that most of the absorbed musk xylol in skin at 24 hr will be systemically absorbed in vivo within 1 wk. Throughout the 24-hr absorption study, absorbed musk xylol was not metabolized. A permeability constant for musk xylol permeation through hairless guinea pig skin was determined by a modified procedure for the lipophilic compound. At each time point, some diffusion cells were terminated so that skin and receptor fluid levels could be determined. Under steady-state absorption the permeability constant was 6.86 x 10 super(-5) cm/hr. The amount of musk xylol penetrating skin from three types of cosmetic products was also calculated on the basis of actual conditions of use. Products that are applied to large areas of the body and remain on the skin for long periods will result in the greatest absorption of musk xylol. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Hood, H L AU - Wickett, R R AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office Cosmetics and Colors, FDA, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 483 EP - 488 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - musk xylol KW - 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene KW - guinea-pigs KW - methanol KW - fragrance fixatives KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fragrances KW - cosmetics KW - in vitro KW - man KW - skin KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products KW - R 18102:Soaps, cosmetics & body deodorants KW - R 18101:Perfumery, essential oils & spices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+percutaneous+absorption+of+the+fragrance+ingredient+musk+xylol&rft.au=Hood%2C+H+L%3BWickett%2C+R+R%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fragrances; cosmetics; skin; in vitro; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical toxicity of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs AN - 15593252; 3914968 JF - Antiviral Research AU - Styrt, BA AU - Piazza-Hepp, T D AU - Chikami, G K AD - Div. Epidemiol. and Surveillance, Cent. for Drug Evaluation and Res., FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 121 EP - 135 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE IRELAND LTD. VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - nucleosides KW - zidovudine KW - didanosine KW - zalcitabine KW - stavudine KW - lamivudine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - retrovirus KW - toxicity KW - replication KW - N 14160:Biological properties KW - V 22114:Human oncogenic viruses KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15593252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Research&rft.atitle=Clinical+toxicity+of+antiretroviral+nucleoside+analogs&rft.au=Styrt%2C+BA%3BPiazza-Hepp%2C+T+D%3BChikami%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Styrt&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+Research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - replication; retrovirus; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading mycobacteria AN - 15589695; 3917529 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods based on the 16S rRNA genes of Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 and Mycobacterium sp. PAH135, known PAH-degrading bacteria, were developed. An efficient mycobacterial cell lysis procedure was used for the PCR assay. The PCR methods were positive with the target species, but negative for the other 45 bacterial species tested including other Mycobacterium spp. The PCR sensitivity for pure cultures was 20 cells for Mycobacterium sp. PAH135 and 200 cells for Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1. The PCR with a simple sample preparation procedure was used to monitor Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 cell concentrations in soil slurries amended with [ super(14)C]pyrene. The pyrene mineralization correlated with the Mycobacterium PYR-1 cell concentrations in the soil slurries. When the PCR titer (the maximum dilution for positive PCR results) reached 10 super(-4)-10 super(-5) at 5-10 days incubation, approximately 50% of the [ super(14)C]pyrene had been mineralized to super(14)CO sub(2). However, without inoculation with Mycobacterium PYR-1 cells, both the sterile and nonsterile soils had negative PCR results and no pyrene mineralization. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Luneau, A AU - Cao, Wei-Wen AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiol. Div., Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15589695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=PCR+detection+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-degrading+mycobacteria&rft.au=Wang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BLuneau%2C+A%3BCao%2C+Wei-Wen%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Rong-Fu&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polymerase chain reaction; Mycobacterium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial oxidative and subsequent conjugative metabolites produced during the metabolism of phenanthrene by fungi AN - 15584312; 3916219 AB - Three filamentous fungi were examined for the ability to biotransform phenanthrene to oxidative (phase I) and conjugative (phase II) metabolites. Phenanthrene metabolites were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by UV/visible absorption, mass, and super(1)H NMR spectra. Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275, Syncephalastrum racemosum UT-70, and Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245 initially transformed [9- super(14)C]phenanthrene to produce metabolites at the 9,10-, 1,2-, and 3,4- positions. Subsequently, sulfate conjugates of phase I metabolites were formed by A. niger, S. racemosum, and C. elegans. Minor glucuronide conjugates of 9-phenanthrol and phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol were formed by S. racemosum and A. niger, respectively. In addition, C. elegans produced the glucose conjugates 1-phenanthryl beta -D-glucopyranoside and 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl beta -D-glucopyranoside, a novel metabolite. [9- super(14)C]Phenanthrene metabolites were not detected in organic extracts from biotransformation experiments with the yeasts, Candida lipolytica 37-1, Candida tropicalis. ATCC 32113, and Candida maltosa R-42. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Casillas, R P AU - Crow, SA Jr AU - Heinze, T M AU - Deck, J AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 215 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - phenanthrene metabolism KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Candida maltosa KW - oxidation KW - Syncephalastrum racemosum KW - conjugates KW - Candida tropicalis KW - Candida lipolytica KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Initial+oxidative+and+subsequent+conjugative+metabolites+produced+during+the+metabolism+of+phenanthrene+by+fungi&rft.au=Casillas%2C+R+P%3BCrow%2C+SA+Jr%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BDeck%2C+J%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Casillas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Syncephalastrum racemosum; Cunninghamella elegans; Candida lipolytica; Candida tropicalis; Candida maltosa; conjugates; oxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic engineering to enhance microbial interference and related therapeutic applications AN - 15583003; 3913139 AB - This article describes novel therapies that could arise from this field. Because microbes live in symbiosis with humans and other animals, they may be able to serve as unconventional delivery systems for molecules made by recombinant DNA methods. Many useful genes have been cloned, but they need to be placed in appropriate vector systems for expression. Microbial selection and proliferation also need to be controlled. In this article I give a general overview, cite some relevant experiments, and identify areas that need further exploration. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Chang, H AD - U.S. FDA, HFM-573, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 444 EP - 447 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - microbial interference KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - infectious diseases KW - reviews KW - biological control KW - microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Genetic+engineering+to+enhance+microbial+interference+and+related+therapeutic+applications&rft.au=Chang%2C+H&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; infectious diseases; reviews; biological control; microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of quinoxaline by Streptomyces badius AN - 15573854; 3905414 AB - Quinoxaline, a mutagenic azaarene produced in foods during cooking, was added to cultures of Streptomyces badius ATCC 39117. After 24 h, the cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate. Two major metabolites were purified by liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinoxalinone and 2(1H)-quinoxalinone. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Evans, F E AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 199 EP - 201 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Streptomyces badius KW - quinoxaline KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - liquid chromatography KW - food KW - cooking KW - mass spectroscopy KW - transformation KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15573854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+quinoxaline+by+Streptomyces+badius&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+J+B%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - transformation; food; liquid chromatography; mass spectroscopy; cooking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria seeligeri, and Listeria innocua assayed with in vitro murine macrophagocytosis AN - 15573527; 3905436 AB - The survival of virulent and avirulent Listeria species internalized in cells of a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7, was monitored. Mouse macrophage cells (ca.5 x 10 super(5)/ml) suspended in fresh RPMI medium 1640 containing fetal bovine serum were mixed with 5 x 10 super(7) to 5 x 10 super(8) Listeria cells per ml and incubated 1 h at 37 degree C with CO sub(2)-enriched air. Gentamicin (10 mu g/ml) was added to kill bacteria not internalized by the cells. At 2, 4, and 6 h postinfection, 10- mu l amounts of the suspensions were lysed in microtiter plate wells during serial decimal dilution in water. Triplicate dilutions (10 mu l each) were plated on trypticase soy agar, and colonies were counted after 48 h incubation at 35 degree C. About 0.1 to 1% of the added hemolytic pathogen L. monocytogenes Scott A and the avirulent nonhemolytic L. innocua were internalized at 2 h. The number of internal L. monocytogenes cells increased significantly by 6 h, but L. innocua cells showed no significant change. A strain of the hemolytic species L. seeligeri behaved like the nonhemolytic L. innocua. This distinction between the intracellular behavior of pathogenic and nonpathogenic species, if a general phenomenon, may be useful as an in vitro virulence assessment parameter. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dallas, H L AU - Thomas, D P AU - Hitchins, AD AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., Cent. for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 27 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria seeligeri KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Listeria innocua KW - virulence KW - macrophages KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15573527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+Listeria+seeligeri%2C+and+Listeria+innocua+assayed+with+in+vitro+murine+macrophagocytosis&rft.au=Dallas%2C+H+L%3BThomas%2C+D+P%3BHitchins%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dallas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Listeria seeligeri; Listeria innocua; virulence; macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical, biochemical, and immunological characterization of a thermostable amidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTR 1 AN - 15569251; 3906096 AB - An amidase capable of degrading acrylamide and aliphatic amides was purified to apparent homogeneity from Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTR 1. The enzyme is a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 62,000. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were 7.0 and 65 degree C, respectively. The purified amidase contained 11 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB)-titratable sulfhydryl (SH) groups. In the native enzyme 1.0 SH group readily reacted with DTNB with no detectable loss of activity. Titration of the next 3.0 SH groups with DTNB resulted in a loss of activity of more than 70%. The remaining seven inaccessible SH groups could be titrated only in the presence of 8 M guanidine hydrochloride. Titration of SH groups was strongly inhibited by carboxymethylation and KMnO sub(4), suggesting the presence of SH groups at the active site(s). Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry analysis indicated that the native amidase contains 0.33 mol of cobalt and 0.33 mol of iron per mol of the native enzyme. Polyclonal antiserum against K. pneumoniae amidase was raised in rabbits, and immunochemical comparisons were made with amidases from Rhodococcus sp., Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23, and Methylophilus methylotrophus. The antiserum immunoprecipitated and immunoreacted with the amidases of K. pneumoniae and P. chlororaphis B23. The antiserum failed to immunoreact or immunoprecipitate with other amidases. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Nawaz AU - Khan, A A AU - Bhattacharayya, D AU - Siittonen, PH AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2397 EP - 2401 VL - 178 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - amidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15569251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Physical%2C+biochemical%2C+and+immunological+characterization+of+a+thermostable+amidase+from+Klebsiella+pneumoniae+NCTR+1&rft.au=Nawaz%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BBhattacharayya%2C+D%3BSiittonen%2C+PH%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Clostridium botulinum vegetables packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere AN - 15564175; 3905749 AB - Because modified atmosphere-packaged (MAP) vegetables may provide an anaerobic environment conducive to Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production, the incidence of C. botulinum spores in commercially available, precut MAP vegetables was determined. One-pound (454-g) packages of MAP vegetables were aseptically opened, added to freshly steamed and cooled sterile trypticase-peptone-glucose-yeast extract broth and incubated at 35 degree C for 7 days. Positive and negative controls were included with each sampling. After incubation the broth cultures were tested for toxicity by the standard mouse bioassay. Of the 1,118 MAP vegetable packages examined, one package each of shredded cabbage, chopped green pepper, and Italian salad mix contained C. botulinum type A spores. One additional salad mix (main ingredient, escarole) contained both C. botulinum type A and type B spores. Results indicated a low overall incidence rate (0.36%) of C. botulinum spores in commercially available precut MAP vegetables. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Lilly, T Jr AU - Solomon, H M AU - Rhodehamel, E J AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud. (HSF-516), U.S. FDA, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 59 EP - 61 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - packaging KW - vacuum packaging KW - vegetables KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15564175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Clostridium+botulinum+vegetables+packaged+under+vacuum+or+modified+atmosphere&rft.au=Lilly%2C+T+Jr%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; vegetables; packaging; vacuum packaging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519939461 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519939428 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; 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Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938775 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938238 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938229 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary AN - 1474334582 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 86 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interventions for Alcoholics Who Smoke AN - 1474334527 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Abrams, David B AU - Monti, Peter M AU - Niaura, Raymond S AU - Rohsenow, Damaris J AU - Colby, Suzanne M Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 111 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Interventions+for+Alcoholics+Who+Smoke&rft.au=Abrams%2C+David+B%3BMonti%2C+Peter+M%3BNiaura%2C+Raymond+S%3BRohsenow%2C+Damaris+J%3BColby%2C+Suzanne+M&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol in the Early Years of Marriage AN - 1474334363 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Leonard, Kenneth E AU - Roberts, Linda J Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 192 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+in+the+Early+Years+of+Marriage&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Kenneth+E%3BRoberts%2C+Linda+J&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking During Adolescence AN - 1474334356 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Chassin, Laurie AU - DeLucia, Christian Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 175 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+During+Adolescence&rft.au=Chassin%2C+Laurie%3BDeLucia%2C+Christian&rft.aulast=Chassin&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Access to Alcohol: Geography and Prevention for Local Communities AN - 1474334310 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gruenewald, Paul J AU - Millar, Alexander B AU - Roeper, Peter Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 244 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Access+to+Alcohol%3A+Geography+and+Prevention+for+Local+Communities&rft.au=Gruenewald%2C+Paul+J%3BMillar%2C+Alexander+B%3BRoeper%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Gruenewald&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Among Young Adults: Prevalence, Patterns, and Consequences AN - 1474321833 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Quigley, Lori A AU - Marlatt, G Alan Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 185 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+Among+Young+Adults%3A+Prevalence%2C+Patterns%2C+and+Consequences&rft.au=Quigley%2C+Lori+A%3BMarlatt%2C+G+Alan&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liver Transplantation for Alcoholics With Terminal Liver Disease AN - 1474321821 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - THIEL, DAVID H. VAN Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 261 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Liver+Transplantation+for+Alcoholics+With+Terminal+Liver+Disease&rft.au=THIEL%2C+DAVID+H.+VAN&rft.aulast=THIEL&rft.aufirst=DAVID+H.&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Development of Alcoholic Subtypes: Risk Variation Among Alcoholic Families During the Early Childhood Years AN - 1474321814 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Zucker, Robert A AU - Ellis, Deborah A AU - Bingham, C Raymond AU - Fitzgerald, Hiram E Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 46 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Alcoholic+Subtypes%3A+Risk+Variation+Among+Alcoholic+Families+During+the+Early+Childhood+Years&rft.au=Zucker%2C+Robert+A%3BEllis%2C+Deborah+A%3BBingham%2C+C+Raymond%3BFitzgerald%2C+Hiram+E&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Parental Drinking on Adolescents AN - 1474321776 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Windle, Michael Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 181 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Parental+Drinking+on+Adolescents&rft.au=Windle%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Windle&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studying the Effects of Alcohol Advertising on Consumption AN - 1474321762 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Saffer, Henry Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 266 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Studying+the+Effects+of+Alcohol+Advertising+on+Consumption&rft.au=Saffer%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Saffer&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender and Alcoholic Subtypes AN - 1474321593 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Del Boca, Frances K AU - Hesselbrock, Michie N Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 56 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Gender+and+Alcoholic+Subtypes&rft.au=Del+Boca%2C+Frances+K%3BHesselbrock%2C+Michie+N&rft.aulast=Del+Boca&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Role in Work-Force Entry and Retirement AN - 1474321498 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Roman, Paul M AU - Johnson, J Aaron Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 162 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Role+in+Work-Force+Entry+and+Retirement&rft.au=Roman%2C+Paul+M%3BJohnson%2C+J+Aaron&rft.aulast=Roman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Link Between Alcoholism and Eating Disorders AN - 1474321486 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lilenfeld, Lisa R AU - Kaye, Walter H Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 94 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Link+Between+Alcoholism+and+Eating+Disorders&rft.au=Lilenfeld%2C+Lisa+R%3BKaye%2C+Walter+H&rft.aulast=Lilenfeld&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Classification of Alcoholics: Typology Theories From the 19th Century to the Present AN - 1474321371 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Babor, Thomas F Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Classification+of+Alcoholics%3A+Typology+Theories+From+the+19th+Century+to+the+Present&rft.au=Babor%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Babor&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives on Alcohol Taxation AN - 1474321356 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Kenkel, Donald AU - Manning, Willard Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 230 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+Alcohol+Taxation&rft.au=Kenkel%2C+Donald%3BManning%2C+Willard&rft.aulast=Kenkel&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Research and Social Policy: An Overview AN - 1474321295 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gordis, Enoch Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 208 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Social+Policy%3A+An+Overview&rft.au=Gordis%2C+Enoch&rft.aulast=Gordis&rft.aufirst=Enoch&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subtypes of Alcoholics Based on Psychometric Measures AN - 1474321227 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Allen, John P Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 24 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Subtypes+of+Alcoholics+Based+on+Psychometric+Measures&rft.au=Allen%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comorbidity Between DSM - IV Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders: Results From the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey AN - 1474321091 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Pickering, Roger P Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 67 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Comorbidity+Between+DSM+-+IV+Alcohol+and+Drug+Use+Disorders%3A+Results+From+the+National+Longitudinal+Alcohol+Epidemiologic+Survey&rft.au=Grant%2C+Bridget+F%3BPickering%2C+Roger+P&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late-Life Drinking Behavior: The Influence of Personal Characteristics, Life Context, and Treatment AN - 1474321086 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Brennan, Penny L AU - Moos, Rudolf H Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 197 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Late-Life+Drinking+Behavior%3A+The+Influence+of+Personal+Characteristics%2C+Life+Context%2C+and+Treatment&rft.au=Brennan%2C+Penny+L%3BMoos%2C+Rudolf+H&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type A and Type B Alcoholism: Applicability Across Subpopulations and Treatment Settings AN - 1474321071 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ball, Samuel A Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 30 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Type+A+and+Type+B+Alcoholism%3A+Applicability+Across+Subpopulations+and+Treatment+Settings&rft.au=Ball%2C+Samuel+A&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Use Disorder and Severe Mental Illness AN - 1474317819 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Drake, Robert E AU - Mueser, Kim T Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 87 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Use+Disorder+and+Severe+Mental+Illness&rft.au=Drake%2C+Robert+E%3BMueser%2C+Kim+T&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Harm Reduction as an Alcohol-Prevention Strategy AN - 1474317757 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Single, Eric Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 239 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Harm+Reduction+as+an+Alcohol-Prevention+Strategy&rft.au=Single%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Single&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Consumption and Dietary Practices in the U.S. Population: 1987 and 1992 AN - 1474317753 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dietz, Diane K AU - Williams, Gerald D AU - Dufour, Mary C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 128 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Consumption+and+Dietary+Practices+in+the+U.S.+Population%3A+1987+and+1992&rft.au=Dietz%2C+Diane+K%3BWilliams%2C+Gerald+D%3BDufour%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Abuse and Smoking: Dual Recoveries AN - 1474317716 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sobell, Linda C AU - Sobell, Mark B Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 124 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Abuse+and+Smoking%3A+Dual+Recoveries&rft.au=Sobell%2C+Linda+C%3BSobell%2C+Mark+B&rft.aulast=Sobell&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Computer Models To Predict Prevention Policy Outcomes AN - 1474317690 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Holder, Harold D Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 252 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Using+Computer+Models+To+Predict+Prevention+Policy+Outcomes&rft.au=Holder%2C+Harold+D&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Natural History of Alcoholism AN - 1474317603 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Vaillant, George E AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 152 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Natural+History+of+Alcoholism&rft.au=Vaillant%2C+George+E%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Vaillant&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of Drinking and Driving AN - 1474317568 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hingson, Ralph Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 219 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+Drinking+and+Driving&rft.au=Hingson%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Hingson&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type I and Type II Alcoholism: An Update AN - 1474317564 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cloninger, C Robert AU - SIGVARDSSON, SÖREN AU - Bohman, Michael Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 18 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Type+I+and+Type+II+Alcoholism%3A+An+Update&rft.au=Cloninger%2C+C+Robert%3BSIGVARDSSON%2C+S%C3%96REN%3BBohman%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Cloninger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Drinking and Smoking Go Together? AN - 1474317501 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Shiffman, Saul AU - Balabanis, Mark Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 107 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Do+Drinking+and+Smoking+Go+Together%3F&rft.au=Shiffman%2C+Saul%3BBalabanis%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Shiffman&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Challenge of Dual Diagnosis AN - 1474317473 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Woody, George Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 76 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+Dual+Diagnosis&rft.au=Woody%2C+George&rft.aulast=Woody&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks and Benefits of Alcohol Use Over the Life Span AN - 1474317412 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dufour, Mary C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 145 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Risks+and+Benefits+of+Alcohol+Use+Over+the+Life+Span&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Typology Research Questionnaires AN - 1474317380 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ingle, Kathryn G Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 63 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Typology+Research+Questionnaires&rft.au=Ingle%2C+Kathryn+G&rft.aulast=Ingle&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Anxiety, and Depressive Disorders AN - 1474317309 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Schuckit, Marc A Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 81 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Anxiety%2C+and+Depressive+Disorders&rft.au=Schuckit%2C+Marc+A&rft.aulast=Schuckit&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol Across the Life Span AN - 1474317142 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Connor, Paul D AU - Streissguth, Ann P Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 170 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Prenatal+Exposure+to+Alcohol+Across+the+Life+Span&rft.au=Connor%2C+Paul+D%3BStreissguth%2C+Ann+P&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comorbidity of Alcoholism and Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Family Studies AN - 1474317136 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Merikangas, Kathleen R AU - Stevens, Denise AU - Fenton, Brenda Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 100 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Comorbidity+of+Alcoholism+and+Anxiety+Disorders%3A+The+Role+of+Family+Studies&rft.au=Merikangas%2C+Kathleen+R%3BStevens%2C+Denise%3BFenton%2C+Brenda&rft.aulast=Merikangas&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Minimum Legal Drinking Age: History, Effectiveness, and Ongoing Debate AN - 1474316985 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Toomey, Traci L AU - Rosenfeld, Carolyn AU - Wagenaar, Alexander C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 213 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Minimum+Legal+Drinking+Age%3A+History%2C+Effectiveness%2C+and+Ongoing+Debate&rft.au=Toomey%2C+Traci+L%3BRosenfeld%2C+Carolyn%3BWagenaar%2C+Alexander+C&rft.aulast=Toomey&rft.aufirst=Traci&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient Placement Criteria: Linking Typologies to Managed Care AN - 1474316882 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Morey, Leslie C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 36 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Patient+Placement+Criteria%3A+Linking+Typologies+to+Managed+Care&rft.au=Morey%2C+Leslie+C&rft.aulast=Morey&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treating Alcohol Problems in the Context of Other Drug Abuse AN - 1474316848 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miller, William R AU - Bennett, Melanie E Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 118 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treating+Alcohol+Problems+in+the+Context+of+Other+Drug+Abuse&rft.au=Miller%2C+William+R%3BBennett%2C+Melanie+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of chemical dehydration and critical point drying for the stabilization and visualization of ageing biofilm present on interior surfaces of PVC distribution pipe AN - 13647270; 199603231 AB - Bacterial cells within a biofilm are enveloped in a matrix or glycocalyx containing various components including water and polysaccharides. The study of the glycocalyx required scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques that both stabilized and preserved any biofilm present. Ruthenium red stain did not stabilize the exopolysaccharide matrix against condensation during dehydration unless there was sufficient protein in the glycocalyx to resist condensation. Four SEM preparatory procedures using chemical dehydration or critical point drying (CPD) with or without ruthenium red stain were compared for studying the biofilm on PVC water distribution pipes. CPD with ruthenium red/osmium tetroxide was superior to chemical dehydration for the visualization of attached biofilm. The methods using chemical dehydration or CPD without ruthenium red showed only small amounts of biofilm when observed by SEM. There are 37 references. JF - Journal of Applied Bacteriology AU - Carr, J H AU - Anderson, R L AU - Favero AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 225 EP - 232 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Stabilization (see also fixation, solidification) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13647270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+chemical+dehydration+and+critical+point+drying+for+the+stabilization+and+visualization+of+ageing+biofilm+present+on+interior+surfaces+of+PVC+distribution+pipe&rft.au=Carr%2C+J+H%3BAnderson%2C+R+L%3BFavero&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake, tissue distribution, and metabolism of malachite green in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) AN - 13636356; 199703999 AB - Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were injected intravascularly with 0.8 mg malachite green per kg. Blood specimens were collected at intervals up to 10 hours. Other fish were exposed to water containing 0.8 mg carbon-14 labelled malachite green per litre for 1 hour. Distribution of malachite green in the tissues of the fish was determined at intervals up to 336 hours. After intravascular dosing, mean plasma concentrations of malachite green showed a triphasic decline with an elimination terminal half-life of 6.2 hours. The dye was rapidly absorbed during waterborne exposure. Elimination after exposure was triphasic with a terminal half-life of 4.7 hours. In muscle, the half-life was approximately 67 hours. Malachite green and its metabolites were widely distributed in all tissues. Total drug equivalent concentrations in fish exposed to radiocarbon labelled dye were highest in abdominal fat and lowest in plasma. The dye was rapidly and extensively metabolized to leucomalachite green which was slowly eliminated from tissues. Leucomalachite green was an appropriate target analyte for monitoring exposure of channel catfish to malachite green. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Plakas, S M AU - El Said, KR AU - Stehly, G R AU - Gingerich, W H AU - Allen, J L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Ala. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1427 EP - 1433 VL - 53 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Malachite green KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13636356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Uptake%2C+tissue+distribution%2C+and+metabolism+of+malachite+green+in+the+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BEl+Said%2C+KR%3BStehly%2C+G+R%3BGingerich%2C+W+H%3BAllen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microwave distillation-solid phase adsorbent trapping device for the determination of off-flavors, geosmin and methylisoborneol, in catfish tissue below their rejection levels AN - 13633282; 199700780 AB - A microwave-mediated stream distillation device is described for determining 2 compounds responsible for off-flavours in channel catfish tissue, geosmin and methylisoborneol. Geosmin and methylisoborneol were removed from the sample matrix within 10 minutes and trapped on a solid phase adsorbent. C18 bonded-silica replaceable cartridges (Sep-Pak) were used to eliminate problems such as carry-over of geosmin from sample to blank and to improve recoveries. A minimal amount of ethyl acetate was used to elute the analytes from the solid-phase. The extract was then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ion trap detection in the selective ion storage mode on the mass spectrometer gave improved detection limits compared to total ion chromatography used previously. Detection limits for geosmin and methylisoborneol were 0.63 and 0.018 ppb, respectively. JF - Analytical Chemistry AU - Conte, ED AU - Shen, CY AU - Miller, D W AU - Perschbacher, P W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Ark. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2713 EP - 2716 VL - 68 IS - 15 KW - Sep-Pak Cartridges KW - Analysis KW - Equipment KW - Ethylacetate KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13633282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Microwave+distillation-solid+phase+adsorbent+trapping+device+for+the+determination+of+off-flavors%2C+geosmin+and+methylisoborneol%2C+in+catfish+tissue+below+their+rejection+levels&rft.au=Conte%2C+ED%3BShen%2C+CY%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BPerschbacher%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Conte&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of trichlorfon and dichlorvos residues in shrimp using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection AN - 13630411; 199705727 AB - A method was developed to measure trichlorfon and dichlorvos in shrimp in the range 20-80 ng per g. Ground Ecuadorian white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) containing sodium sulphate was homogenized in ethyl acetate, centrifuged and n-hexadecane added to the supernatant. The ethyl acetate was completely removed in a rotary film evaporator. The oily residue was dissolved in petroleum ether and loaded onto a cyanopropyl solid-phase extraction column previously conditioned with diethyl ether and petroleum ether. The column was washed with dichloromethane/petroleum ether then the analytes were eluted under nitrogen and the residue reconstituted in toluene. This was analysed for trichlorfon and dichlorvos by gas chromatography using a cool on-column inlet and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Separation from matrix components was achieved by using a thermal gradient on a (cyanopropyl)phenylmethylpolysiloxane column. Average recoveries and intralaboratory coefficients of variation were 50-83 and 15-21 per cent, respectively. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Ngoh, MA AU - Cullison, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2686 EP - 2689 VL - 44 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Analysis KW - Columns KW - Ethylacetate KW - Methylene chloride KW - Petroleum ether KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13630411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+trichlorfon+and+dichlorvos+residues+in+shrimp+using+gas+chromatography+with+nitrogen-phosphorus+detection&rft.au=Ngoh%2C+MA%3BCullison%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ngoh&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical mixtures released from hazardous waste sites: implications for health risk assessment. AN - 77823642; 8571353 AB - Uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (HWS) and exposure to hazardous substances continue to pose complex public health problems. This paper presents an overview of chemicals, including chemical mixtures, that have been released into environmental media in the vicinity of HWS. We describe how this type of information is being used to assess the public health implications of exposures to chemical mixtures and to develop an integrated program of applied research to more accurately characterize the potential health effects of chemical mixtures. A narrative, weight-of-evidence approach, incorporating mechanistic insights on chemical interactions is described. The utility of this information in the context of risk analysis and public health practice is discussed. JF - Toxicology AU - Johnson, B L AU - DeRosa, C T AD - Division of Toxicology, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/12/28/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Dec 28 SP - 145 EP - 156 VL - 105 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Xenobiotics KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Public Health KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Sex Determination Analysis KW - Drug Synergism KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77823642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Chemical+mixtures+released+from+hazardous+waste+sites%3A+implications+for+health+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BDeRosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-12-28&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depletion of gentamicin in the milk of Holstein cows after single and repeated intramammary and parenteral treatments. AN - 77930142; 8789700 AB - Twenty-four healthy Holstein cows, 2.72 +/- 0.64 (mean +/- SD) years old, weighing 603.96 +/- 73.22 kg (mean +/- SD), and representing various levels of milk production, were used to determine the depletion of gentamicin (GT) in milk. The cows had not received antibiotics or other drugs that could interfere with study for at least 60 days before the beginning of the investigation. The cows were divided into six groups (n = 4) and treated with single (treatments A, B and C) or repeated (treatments D, E and F) doses of GT. Cows were acclimated for 7 days before administration of GT and milked twice a day at 12-h intervals (06.00 hours, 18.00 hours) throughout the duration of the study. Control milk samples were obtained after the arrival of the cows and assayed to establish their GT free status. On day 1 of each treatment, a baseline milk sample was collected from the milk produced (06.00 hours) by each cow. A single dose of GT was administered intramammarily (A, i.m.m. left front quarter, 500 mg), intravenously (B, i.v., 5 mg/kg body weight) or intramuscularly (C, i.m., 5 mg/kg body weight). Cows in treatments D (i.m.m., 500 mg), E (i.v., 5 mg/kg body weight) and F (simultaneous i.m.m. 500 mg plus i.v. 5 mg/kg body weight) were treated twice a day for 5 consecutive days just after the morning and evening milkings. Milk samples from individual cows were collected every day after each milking during and after dosing until GT concentration in the milk was below the safe level of < or = 30 ng/mL. The concentration of GT in milk was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. Depletion of GT to a concentration < or = 30 ng/mL occurred at the seventh (84 h), third (36 h), third (36 h), eleventh (132 h) third (36 h) and nineteenth (228 h) post-dosing milking, for cows in treatments A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. The highest mean +/- SEM) concentrations of GT were 14 710 +/- 1213.89, 167.87 +/- 46.94 and 91.62 +/- 14.55 ng/mL measured in the first milking post dosing (12 h) for cows in treatment A, B and C respectively; for cows in treatments D, E and F, during the dosing period, they were 14067.50 +/- 2989.09, 446.07 +/- 100.92, and 22900 +/- 2843.66 ng/mL and occurred at the seventh, third and eighth milking respectively. Because GT is not approved for use in dairy cattle and because of the long depletion time associated with some possible treatments, illegal and extra-label use is likely to cause residues in milk. JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Pedersoli, W M AU - Jackson, J AU - Frobish, R A AD - Division of Animal Research, FDA-CVM, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 457 EP - 463 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Gentamicins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous -- veterinary KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - Injections, Intramuscular -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Gentamicins -- analysis KW - Gentamicins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Gentamicins -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77930142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Depletion+of+gentamicin+in+the+milk+of+Holstein+cows+after+single+and+repeated+intramammary+and+parenteral+treatments.&rft.au=Pedersoli%2C+W+M%3BJackson%2C+J%3BFrobish%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Pedersoli&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of perinatal hypoxia on the behavioral, neurochemical, and neurohistological toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid. AN - 77929616; 8847991 AB - 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) neurotoxicity and long-term effects of perinatal hypoxia were evaluated in 18 adult rats. Hypoxia-insulted (I) and noninsulted (NI) rats were delivered by cesarean section. Hypoxic insult was effected by submerging dissected uterine horns in warmed saline for 15 min. NI rats were delivered from the adjacent nonsubmerged horns. At postnatal day 90, I and NI rats were trained to perform tasks thought to measure behaviors dependent upon aspects of time estimation (TE), motivation, and learning. At 12 months of age, rats were injected i.p. with escalating doses of 3-NPA (5 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day) immediately after each test session and sacrificed at the end of treatment. Additional male rats were used as untreated controls. Although 3-NPA produced a dose-dependent impairment of performance in each task, the effects were qualitatively similar for each group. A significant difference between I and NI rats was, however, observed in the TE task where NI rats completed less of the task at high doses of 3-NPA compared to I rats. Compared to untreated controls, dopamine concentrations were decreased in caudate nucleus of both I and NI rats after 3-NPA. Specific areas most frequently damaged included cerebral cortex, hippocampal subfield CA1, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum. Lesions usually were less extensive in the I rather than NI members of a littermate pair, suggesting a possible protective effect of perinatal hypoxia against subsequent 3-NPA neurotoxicity. JF - Metabolic brain disease AU - Binienda, Z AU - Frederick, D L AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Rountree, R L AU - Paule, M G AU - Schmued, L AU - Ali, S F AU - Slikker, W AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FIDA, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 269 EP - 282 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0885-7490, 0885-7490 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Motivation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Hypoxia -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Hypoxia -- physiopathology KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77929616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metabolic+brain+disease&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+perinatal+hypoxia+on+the+behavioral%2C+neurochemical%2C+and+neurohistological+toxicity+of+the+metabolic+inhibitor+3-nitropropionic+acid.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BFrederick%2C+D+L%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Metabolic+brain+disease&rft.issn=08857490&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatotoxicity of antiviral agents. AN - 77910648; 8749901 AB - Because most therapeutic agents used for viral infections are relatively new, experience with their adverse effects is still evolving. Hepatic toxicity has not been among the most important concerns with this class of drugs so far. Liver damage has been increasingly noted with accumulating experience, especially with antiretroviral drugs and those used to treat chronic hepatitis (e.g., fialuridine), but it is often difficult to distinguish between effects of therapy and of the underlying disease. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of hepatotoxicity in such situations, and further reporting of adverse experiences should contribute to more definitive evaluation of the potential influence of antivirals on liver function. JF - Gastroenterology clinics of North America AU - Styrt, B AU - Freiman, J P AD - Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 839 EP - 852 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0889-8553, 0889-8553 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Antiviral Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77910648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Hepatotoxicity+of+antiviral+agents.&rft.au=Styrt%2C+B%3BFreiman%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Styrt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gastroenterology+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=08898553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of chemical mixtures from a public health perspective. AN - 77876415; 8597105 AB - Health risk assessment is the practice of evaluating the degree of danger associated with chemical exposure, whether the exposure is intentional (pharmacologic agents, pesticides) or unintentional (industrial/automobile by-products). Chemical exposure can either be to a single chemical or to complex mixtures such as industrial effluents, municipal wastes, jet fuels, gasoline, or mixtures of drinking water contaminants. The mixtures can be simple or complex; partially or completely characterized; and stable or varying in composition. Three different approaches are often used in health risk assessment of chemical mixtures (51 FR 33992-34054). These 3 approaches consist of (a) use of data on the specific mixture of concern; (b) use of data on a similar mixture; and (c) use of data on each component of the mixture. The individual component-based approach is by far the most often used because it allows the individual risks from each component to be combined, usually by dose or response additivity, to calculate an overall risk for the mixture. In addition, several innovative methods, such as the toxicity equivalency factor, relative potency, and even the use of indicator chemicals, are also employed. More recently, a binary weight-of-evidence approach has been proposed to evaluate potential interactions between the various components and to integrate them into the overall toxicity assessment of the mixture. Because no single approach is suitable for assessing the health risk associated with all the exposure scenarios associated with the various types of mixtures, the use of professional judgment is still imperative in conducting health risk assessments. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 527 EP - 532 VL - 82-83 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77876415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+chemical+mixtures+from+a+public+health+perspective.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=82-83&rft.issue=&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic susceptibility and carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in human urinary bladder carcinogenesis. AN - 77868481; 8597119 AB - Differences in human urinary bladder cancer susceptibility have often been attributed to genetic polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, especially those involved in the biotransformation of aromatic amines (AAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Metabolic activation generally involves an initial cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation to form N-hydroxy, phenol, or dihydrodiol intermediates that undergo further conjugation or oxidation to form DNA adducts. The acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, can participate in these pathways by catalyzing detoxification (by AA N-acetylation) or further activation (by N-OH-AA O-acetylation) reactions. NAT2 polymorphisms, which are due to point mutations in the structural gene, have long been associated with higher risk for bladder cancer. In collaborative studies, we now have found that NAT1 is also expressed polymorphically in human bladder due to mutations in the NAT1 polyadenylation signal, which has recently been associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Moreover, we have found that the bladder NAT1*10 genotype and phenotype are correlated with significantly higher levels of putative AA-DNA adducts in human bladder as measured by 32P-postlabelling. Preliminary data have also suggested that putative PAH-DNA adducts in human bladder are correlated with a polymorphism in the total metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by bladder microsomes and especially with the formation of BP-7,8-diol. Since each of these correlations was observed without adjusting for carcinogen intake, it would appear that, with ubiquitous human exposure to AAs and PAHs, the expression of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes may be a more critical determinant of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and of individual cancer susceptibility. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Badawi, A F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 627 EP - 632 VL - 82-83 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77868481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Genetic+susceptibility+and+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+formation+in+human+urinary+bladder+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F%3BBadawi%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=82-83&rft.issue=&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute behavioral effects of phencyclidine on rhesus monkey performance in an operant test battery. AN - 77833242; 8587921 AB - The effects of phencyclidine (PCP; a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist) were assessed in rhesus monkeys using performance in an operant test battery (OTB) consisting of five food-reinforced tasks thought to engender responses dependent upon aspects of time estimation, short-term memory, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. End-points included percent task completed (PTC), response rate or latency, and response accuracy. Testing occurred 15 min after IV injections of PCP (0.00, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.3 mg/kg). PCP disrupted performance of all tasks at 0.30 mg/kg. PTC was significantly decreased in the time estimation, motivation, and learning tasks at doses > or = 0.13 mg/kg. PTC for the short-term memory and color and position discrimination tasks was significantly decreased at 0.18 mg/kg and above. Response rate was significantly decreased at 0.13 mg/kg and above in the motivation and learning tasks and at 0.18 mg/kg and above in the time estimation, short-term memory, and color and position discrimination tasks. Response accuracy was significantly decreased in the time estimation, short-term memory, and learning tasks at doses > or = 0.13 mg/kg, while accuracy in the color and position discrimination task was decreased only at 0.30 mg/kg. PCP's effects on OTB performance were generally nonspecific, in that the time estimation, short-term memory, learning, and motivation tasks were all equally sensitive, with the color and position discrimination task being the least sensitive. These results are different than those obtained from earlier studies on the effects of MK-801, a more selective noncompetitive NMDA antagonist. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Frederick, D L AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 789 EP - 797 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Phencyclidine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77833242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+effects+of+phencyclidine+on+rhesus+monkey+performance+in+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo myelotoxicity of CAI to human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. AN - 77689846; 7485102 AB - Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), an agent that targets calcium-sensitive signal transduction pathways, has both antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the myelotoxicity of CAI to normal human and murine hematopoietic cells. In vitro toxicity of CAI was determined by inhibition of myeloid [colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-gm)] and erythroid [burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-e)] colony formation in clonal assays. The effects of oral CAI on CD2F1 mouse marrow and splenic cellularity, marrow progenitor content, and peripheral blood cell counts were assessed in relation to plasma CAI levels. In vitro, CAI caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of CFU-gm and BFU-e colonies following continuous drug exposure. Murine CFU-gm and BFU-e were inhibited > 90% by 10 and 15 micrograms/mL CAI, respectively. However, suppression of human CFU-gm and BFU-e did not exceed 65% at the same concentrations. In vivo, CAI reduced the number of CFU-gm and BFU-e per femur after the initial dose and through day 4. Variations in colony inhibition paralleled changes in CAI plasma concentrations. While colony inhibition increased in vitro with escalating drug concentrations, this was not observed in vivo with additional CAI doses. The low toxicity of CAI in vivo combined with the significant difference between toxicity for human and mouse progenitors in vitro suggests a relatively low adverse potential to the bone marrow for this new signal transduction inhibitory agent. JF - American journal of hematology AU - Volpe, D A AU - Cole, K AU - Sandeen, M A AU - Kohn, E C AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 277 EP - 282 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0361-8609, 0361-8609 KW - Interleukin-3 KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Triazoles KW - Erythropoietin KW - 11096-26-7 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - carboxyamido-triazole KW - 99519-84-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Macrophages -- cytology KW - Erythroid Precursor Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-3 -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- pharmacology KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Erythropoietin -- pharmacology KW - Kinetics KW - Granulocytes -- drug effects KW - Erythroid Precursor Cells -- cytology KW - Platelet Count KW - Granulocytes -- cytology KW - Triazoles -- toxicity KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- cytology KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77689846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+myelotoxicity+of+CAI+to+human+and+murine+hematopoietic+progenitor+cells.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+D+A%3BCole%2C+K%3BSandeen%2C+M+A%3BKohn%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.issn=03618609&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological effects of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. AN - 36325711; 201002-31-0247382 (CE); 11701725 (EN) AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally similar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons cause a broad range of immunologic effects in experimental animals including decreased host resistance to infectious disease and suppressed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the mouse, TCDD immunotoxicity has been shown to be an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-dependent process. However, despite considerable research, the biochemical and molecular alterations that occur subsequent to Ah receptor activation that lead to altered immune reactivity remain to be elucidated. In addition to immune suppression, TCDD promotes inflammatory responses. This effect may result from an upregulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Nonhuman primates exposed to TCDD show suppressed antibody responses and changes in lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood. The immunotoxic effects of TCDD in humans are poorly characterized, and few studies have examined the immune status of individuals with known, documented exposure to TCDD. It is important for laboratory research to focus on defining TCDD-sensitive immunologic biomarkers in animal models that can also be used in human subjects. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie species differences in TCDD immunotoxicity is also of critical importance for extrapolation of effects seen in laboratory animals to man. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kerkvliet, N I AD - Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA. kerkvlin@ccmail.orst.edu PY - 1995 SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Animals KW - Human KW - Activation KW - Cytokines KW - Primates KW - Infectious diseases KW - Laboratory animals KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36325711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Immunological+effects+of+chlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins.&rft.au=Kerkvliet%2C+N+I&rft.aulast=Kerkvliet&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of mycotoxins in soybean and soybean products AN - 21307491; 11724292 AB - More than 50 countries have enacted or proposed regulations for the control of aflatoxins in foods and/or feeds, and at least 15 of these countries also have regulations for permitted levels of contamination by other mycotoxins. Since 1965, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has used action levels to control aflatoxins in its compliance programs. Cooperative programs with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, state agencies, and industry also have been used to keep exposure to aflatoxins as low as practical. Soybeans support the growth of many mold species, which can produce toxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes (such as T-2), and cytochalasins. The natural occurrence of these toxins in soybeans has not been a problem. Limited surveys of soybeans and soy-based infant formulas have not revealed significant contamination. The sequence of events that leads to consideration of a mycotoxin for control programs and other regulatory activity includes determination of a toxic response, isolation and identification of the toxin, development of a sampling plan and method of analysis, and determination of incidence and levels of contamination of the susceptible commodity. The quality of soybeans can vary widely, depending on environmental, agronomic, and storage conditions. products susceptible to contamination from improper storage are subject to regulatory action on a case-by-case basis. The government-industry cooperative programs have been successful in limiting human exposure to aflatoxins. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Nesheim, Stanley AU - Wood, Garnett E AD - Division of Natural Products, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 20204 Washington, DC Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 1421 EP - 1423 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agriculture KW - Infant formulas KW - Regulatory sequences KW - Control programs KW - Aflatoxins KW - Molds KW - Food contamination KW - trichothecenes KW - Soybeans KW - Oil KW - Mycotoxins KW - Storage conditions KW - Sampling KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21307491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+mycotoxins+in+soybean+and+soybean+products&rft.au=Nesheim%2C+Stanley%3BWood%2C+Garnett+E&rft.aulast=Nesheim&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02577831 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Infant formulas; Control programs; Regulatory sequences; Aflatoxins; Molds; Food contamination; trichothecenes; Soybeans; Oil; Mycotoxins; Storage conditions; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02577831 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of aromatic amine acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, in carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in the human urinary bladder. AN - 77668327; 7585581 AB - The metabolic activation and detoxification pathways associated with the carcinogenic aromatic amines provide an extraordinary model of polymorphisms that can modulate human urinary bladder carcinogenesis. In this study, the metabolic N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to N-acetyl-PABA (NAT1 activity) and of sulfamethazine (SMZ) to N-acetyl-SMZ (NAT2 activity), as well as the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl (OAT activity; catalyzed by NAT1 and NAT2), were measured in tissue cytosols prepared from 26 different human bladder samples; then DNA was isolated for determination of NAT1 and NAT2 genotype and for analyses of carcinogen-DNA adducts. Both PABA and OAT activities were detected, with mean activities +/- SD of 2.9 +/- 2.3 nmol/min/mg protein and 1.4 +/- 0.7 pmol bound/mg DNA/min/mg protein, respectively. However, SMZ activities were below the assay limits of detection (< 10 pmol/min/mg protein). The levels of putative carcinogen-DNA adducts were quantified by 32P-postlabeling and averaged 2.34 +/- 2.09 adducts/10(8) deoxyribonucleotide phosphate (dNp). Moreover, the DNA adduct levels in these tissues correlated with their NAT1-dependent PABA activities (r = 0.52; P < 0.01) but not with their OAT activities. Statistical and probit analyses indicated that this NAT1 activity was not normally distributed and appeared bimodal. Applying the NAT1:OAT activity ratios (N:O ratio) allowed arbitrary designation of rapid and slow NAT1 phenotypes, with a cutpoint near the median value. Within each of these subgroups, NAT1 correlated with OAT (P < 0.05); DNA adduct levels were elevated 2-fold in individuals with the rapid NAT1 or NAT1/OAT phenotype. Examination of DNA sequence polymorphisms in the NAT1 gene by PCR have demonstrated that an NAT1 polyadenylation polymorphism is associated with differences in tissue NAT1 enzyme activity; accordingly, NAT1 activity in the bladder of individuals with the heterozygous NAT1*10 allele was 2-fold higher than in subjects homozygous for the putative wild-type NAT1*4 allele. Likewise, DNA adduct levels in the mucosa of the urinary bladder were found to be 2-fold (P < 0.05) higher in individuals with the heterozygous NAT1*10 allele (3.5 +/- 2.1 adducts/10(8) dNp) as compared to NAT1*4 homozygous (1.8 +/- 1.9 adducts/10(8) dNp). Thus, these data provide strong support for the hypothesis that NAT1 activity in the urinary bladder mucosa represents a major bioactivation step that converts urinary N-hydroxy arylamines to reactive N-acetoxy esters that form covalent DNA adducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Cancer research AU - Badawi, A F AU - Hirvonen, A AU - Bell, D A AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 15 SP - 5230 EP - 5237 VL - 55 IS - 22 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - NAT2 protein, human KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid KW - TL2TJE8QTX KW - Index Medicus KW - Acetylation KW - Sulfamethazine -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- physiology KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77668327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Role+of+aromatic+amine+acetyltransferases%2C+NAT1+and+NAT2%2C+in+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+formation+in+the+human+urinary+bladder.&rft.au=Badawi%2C+A+F%3BHirvonen%2C+A%3BBell%2C+D+A%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-11-15&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=5230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide regulation of methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in caudate/putamen. AN - 77864887; 8616614 AB - A possible role for NO modulation of dopamine (DA) release in the caudate/putamen (CPU) during methamphetamine (METH) exposure was investigated using in vivo microdialysis in rats. Inclusion of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOARG), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or D-NAME (less potent inhibitor) in the microdialysis buffer prior to METH minimally affected basal levels of DA, DOPAC or HVA in CPU microdialysate. However, L-NAME and NOARG produced concentration-dependent decreases of up to 64% (100 microM) in CPU DA levels in microdialysate during exposure to four doses of METH (5 mg/kg i.p./2 h), with lesser effects on DOPAC or HVA. Reversal of the NOARG inhibition was produced by inclusion of 500 microM of either L-arginine or L-citrulline in the microdialysate. D-NAME (100 microM) minimally affected levels of DA or metabolites. Paradoxically, inclusion of from 20 to 2 microM of the NOx generators isosorbide dinitrate (ISON) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the microdialysis buffer decreased DA and DOPAC levels in microdialysate during METH exposure. This paradox might result from the concentrations of NOx produced by SNP or ISON being great and not regionally specific resulting in inhibition of DA release and/or synthesis while the NO generated endogenously during METH exposure may have localized and site-specific actions. Alternatively, NOx may inhibit NOS or other enzymes in the NO synthesis pathway, thereby reducing levels of an intermediate (other than NO) which potentiates DA release. In their entirety, our results indicate that NO generation in the CPU may augment the release of DA during METH exposure. JF - Brain research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Clausing, P AU - Gough, B AU - Slikker, W AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/13/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 13 SP - 62 EP - 70 VL - 699 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Dopamine -- secretion KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Nitric Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Putamen -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77864887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+regulation+of+methamphetamine-induced+dopamine+release+in+caudate%2Fputamen.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BClausing%2C+P%3BGough%2C+B%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.volume=699&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State laws on tobacco control--United States, 1995. AN - 77687210; 7476848 AB - State laws on smoke-free indoor air, youth access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products are summarized. Legislation effective through June 30, 1995. CDC and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) identified state laws addressing tobacco control by using LEXIS, which is an on-line legal research data base, and NCI's State Cancer Legislative Database (SCLD), which is a data base of legislation. CDC and NCI conducted detailed analyses of the content of the laws to identify specific provisions. CDC and NCI identified 1,238 state laws that address tobacco-control-related issues. Most laws either enact restrictions or strengthen current legislation that restricts tobacco use, sales to minors, or advertising; however, some laws preempt stronger measures by local ordinances. At the state level, forty-six states and Washington, DC require smoke-free indoor air to some degree or in some public places. All states prohibit the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors, but only nine states restrict advertising of tobacco products. All states tax cigarettes (average excise tax is 31.5 cents per pack); 42 states also tax chewing tobacco and snuff. State laws addressing tobacco control vary in relation to restrictiveness, enforcement and penalties, preemptions, and exceptions. The tables summarizing these laws are available through CDC's State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) system and through NCI's SCLD. This information can be used by policy makers at the state and local levels to plan and implement initiatives on youth access to tobacco products and on the use, promotion, advertising, and taxation of tobacco products. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Shelton, D M AU - Alciati, M H AU - Chang, M M AU - Fishman, J A AU - Fues, L A AU - Michaels, J AU - Bazile, R J AU - Bridgers, J C AU - Rosenthal, J L AU - Kutty, L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/03/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 03 SP - 1 EP - 28 VL - 44 IS - 6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Advertising as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Taxes -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - State Government KW - Tobacco UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77687210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=State+laws+on+tobacco+control--United+States%2C+1995.&rft.au=Shelton%2C+D+M%3BAlciati%2C+M+H%3BChang%2C+M+M%3BFishman%2C+J+A%3BFues%2C+L+A%3BMichaels%2C+J%3BBazile%2C+R+J%3BBridgers%2C+J+C%3BRosenthal%2C+J+L%3BKutty%2C+L&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-03&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of supplemental folic acid on valproic acid-induced embryotoxicity and tissue zinc levels in vivo. AN - 77927145; 8838251 AB - Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-convulsant drug known to cause spina bifida in humans. Administration of the vitamin, folic acid, has been shown to decrease the recurrence and possibly also the occurrence of neural tube defects, primarily spina bifida, in humans. Additionally, treatment with a derivative (folinic acid) of folic acid has been reported to decrease the frequency of VPA-induced exencephaly in mice treated with the drug in vivo. A protective effect by folinic acid has not been observed in vitro. The purpose of this investigation was to reexamine the ability of folinic acid to decrease the incidence of VPA-induced neural tube defects in vivo. We also examined the effect of increased intake of folic acid on zinc levels in various maternal and embryonic tissues. Folinic acid, whether administered by intraperitoneal injection or in osmotic mini-pumps, did not decrease the number of mouse fetuses with VPA-induced exencephaly. Dietary supplementation with 10-20 times the daily required intake of folic acid in rodents also failed to decrease the embryotoxicity of VPA. Such dietary supplementation had no effect on zinc levels in maternal liver, brain, or kidney, nor in embryonic tissues. These results indicate that folic acid is not able to reverse the embryotoxicity induced by the anticonvulsant, that there is no apparent effect of high dietary folate intake on maternal or embryonic zinc levels and suggest that folate is probably not involved in the mechanism of VPA-induced embryotoxicity. JF - Teratology AU - Hansen, D K AU - Grafton, T F AU - Dial, S L AU - Gehring, T A AU - Siitonen, P H AD - Division of Reproductive Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Valproic Acid KW - 614OI1Z5WI KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Valproic Acid -- toxicity KW - Folic Acid -- blood KW - Folic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Anticonvulsants -- toxicity KW - Zinc -- chemistry KW - Valproic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Folic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77927145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+supplemental+folic+acid+on+valproic+acid-induced+embryotoxicity+and+tissue+zinc+levels+in+vivo.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F%3BDial%2C+S+L%3BGehring%2C+T+A%3BSiitonen%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Damage to DNA by cadmium or nickel in the presence of ascorbate. AN - 77836267; 8572557 AB - The interactive effects of the anti-oxidant ascorbate (Asc) and the metals cadmium (Cd, as CdCl2) or nickel (Ni, as NiCl2) on the in vitro formation of breaks in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (d/s DNA) were determined. Concentrations of 50 microM Cd or 200 microM Ni were dosed for 4 hours in factorial combinations with 500 microM Asc in RPMI 1640 medium (7 percent bovine serum) in which AHH-1 TK+/- cells (a spontaneously transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell line by Gentest Corp.) were replicating. In combination with Asc, Cd caused significant d/s DNA breaks (p < 0.01, n = 5), while Cd in the absence of Asc produced only a slight (but not significantly different) amount of d/s DNA damage when compared to the cells with no Cd added. The Asc alone was not damaging. The Cd caused damage to the d/s DNA only when Asc was present. The percent of d/s DNA remaining following the respective treatments was: +Cd+Asc, 13 +/- 3; +Cd-Asc, 46 +/- 8; -Cd+Asc, 54 +/- 5; -Cd-Asc, 55 +/- 7. Conversely, the presence of Ni resulted in increased amounts (percent) of d/s DNA compared to control values: +Ni+Asc, 63 +/- 5; +Ni-Asc, 58 +/- 5; -Ni+Asc, 52 +/- 1; -Ni-Asc, 51 +/- 4, (p < 0.05, n = 3). The contrasting results between Cd and Ni in the presence of Asc may reside in the point of action; while Cd acts directly on DNA, Ni is reported to act on heterochromatin. Although Asc is a recognized anti-oxidant, its presence in the media mixture potentiated d/s DNA damage from the Cd. This may be caused by a Fenton-type reaction in which an antioxidant in the presence of metal generates hydroxyl radicals and consequently d/s DNA breaks. Oxidative reactions between metals, oxygen, and antioxidants such as Asc may represent an important mechanism of cell death, toxicity, and transformation. JF - Annals of clinical and laboratory science AU - Littlefield, N A AU - Hass, B S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 485 EP - 492 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0091-7370, 0091-7370 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - B-Lymphocytes KW - Cell Line KW - Cadmium -- pharmacology KW - Nickel -- pharmacology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77836267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.atitle=Damage+to+DNA+by+cadmium+or+nickel+in+the+presence+of+ascorbate.&rft.au=Littlefield%2C+N+A%3BHass%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Littlefield&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.issn=00917370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of observed correlation structure among tumor types on experimentwise false positive rate in animal carcinogenicity studies. AN - 77826024; 8580928 AB - Probabilities P1, P2, ..., Pn of n events E1, E2, ..., En can impose constraints on the probability of a further event E. deFinetti's fundamental theorem of probability characterizes the interval of coherent probability of E. Lad, Dickey, and Rahman (5) extended deFinetti's theorem in a few directions. In this work we will show some applications of these results to the calculation of experimentwise false positive error rate in multiple hypotheses testing procedure. JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Rahman, M A AD - Division of Biometrics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 273 EP - 283 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probability Theory KW - Mathematics KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77826024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+observed+correlation+structure+among+tumor+types+on+experimentwise+false+positive+rate+in+animal+carcinogenicity+studies.&rft.au=Rahman%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airway responsiveness and job selection: a study in coal miners and non-mining controls. AN - 77825233; 8535494 AB - It has been suggested that health related job selection is a major cause of the healthy worker effect, and may result in inaccurate estimates of health risks of exposures in the working environment. Improved understanding of self selection, including the role of airway hyperresponsiveness, should improve accuracy in estimating occupational risks. We evaluated symptoms of the respiratory tract, lung function, occupational and smoking histories, and airway responsiveness from a cross sectional survey of 478 underground bituminous coal miners and non-mining controls. Workers with abnormal spirometry were excluded from methacholine testing. Methacholine responsiveness (> or = 15% decline in forced expiratory volume in one second) was associated in both miners and controls with reduced ventilatory lung function and an increased risk of respiratory symptoms. Miners with the longest duration of work at the coal face had a low prevalence of methacholine responsiveness, compared with miners who had never worked at the coal face (12% v 39%, P < 0.01). Throughout their mining careers, miners who responded to methacholine were consistently less likely to have worked in dusty jobs than miners who did not respond to methacholine. These results provide evidence that workers who are employed in dusty jobs are less likely than their unexposed coworkers to show increased non-specific airway responsiveness, presumably as a result of health related job selection. Surveys of workers in which responsiveness data are unavailable may underestimate the effects of dust exposure on respiratory health. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Petsonk, E L AU - Daniloff, E M AU - Mannino, D M AU - Wang, M L AU - Short, S R AU - Wagner, G R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 745 EP - 749 VL - 52 IS - 11 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - 0 KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Index Medicus KW - Healthy Worker Effect KW - Vital Capacity KW - Humans KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Coal Mining KW - Lung -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77825233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Airway+responsiveness+and+job+selection%3A+a+study+in+coal+miners+and+non-mining+controls.&rft.au=Petsonk%2C+E+L%3BDaniloff%2C+E+M%3BMannino%2C+D+M%3BWang%2C+M+L%3BShort%2C+S+R%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Petsonk&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971 Jan;103(1):57-67 [5540840] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Jul;146(1):47-52 [1626813] Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1978 Mar-Apr;14(2):167-75 [754833] J Occup Med. 1981 Jan;23(1):44-8 [7205416] Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981 Jun;38(6):868-71 [7246561] Chest. 1982 Jul;82(1):15-8 [7083928] Thorax. 1982 Mar;37(3):193-7 [6980496] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):267-71 [6722054] Chest. 1984 Jun;85(6):782-6 [6723390] Chest. 1984 Jul;86(1):3-4 [6734287] Chest. 1984 Jul;86(1):54-7 [6734292] Thorax. 1985 Jan;40(1):9-16 [3969664] Thorax. 1985 Feb;40(2):132-7 [3975864] J Occup Med. 1992 Oct;34(10):979-88 [1403198] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Dec;146(6):1474-9 [1456563] Eur Respir J. 1994 Jan;7(1):165-72 [8143817] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Jul;132(1):120-4 [4014856] Chest. 1985 Oct;88(4):608-17 [3899533] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Jan;43(1):29-36 [3947559] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Mar;43(3):150-7 [3947576] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Apr;43(4):263-71 [3964575] Br J Ind Med. 1986 May;43(5):307-20 [3707868] Br J Ind Med. 1987 May;44(5):289-91 [3593659] Thorax. 1989 Feb;44(2):116-20 [2648647] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Sep;140(3 Pt 2):S85-91 [2675712] Environ Res. 1990 Oct;53(1):16-28 [2226376] Respiration. 1990;57(3):137-44 [2274712] J Occup Med. 1991 Sep;33(9):1007-10 [1744739] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1976 Mar;113(3):305-14 [1259240] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased dominance in a limited access test but normal maternal behavior in micrencephalic rats. AN - 77816498; 8577890 AB - Micrencephalic offspring produced by gestational treatment with the antimitotic compound/methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) are remarkable for substantial preservation of function concurrent with severe neural stunting. Altered behaviors in these micrencephalics, including light shyness and response perseveration, are similar to those produced by frontal cortex lesions. Consistent with this, the frontal cortex is one of several regions severely stunted by gestational MAM treatment. Because the frontal cortex has been implicated in rodent social behavior, maternal behavior in females and dominance in both sexes were assessed. Dominance was measured via water competition in 24-h water-deprived dyads (1 control and 1 MAM) matched for sex and body weight. Micrencephalic rats exhibited shorter drinking time than controls (males: 101 vs. 219 s, p < 0.001; females: 114 vs. 176 s, p < 0.03), indicating that micrencephalics were more submissive. For maternal behavior tests, micrencephalic and control females were bred to control males and pup retrieval was measured on postnatal days 3-13. Micrencephalic dams were unimpaired in any aspect of pup retrieval. Of 8 standard behavior measures used here and previously, access time in water competition tests produced the clearest differentiation between control and micrencephalic rats. These studies indicate that at least one aspect of social dominance in both sexes is severely reduced by MAM treatment while maternal behavior remains intact. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Arrowood, J W AU - Schultetus, R S AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 929 EP - 934 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Organ Size -- physiology KW - Birth Weight -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Microcephaly -- pathology KW - Maternal Behavior -- physiology KW - Microcephaly -- chemically induced KW - Social Dominance KW - Microcephaly -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77816498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Decreased+dominance+in+a+limited+access+test+but+normal+maternal+behavior+in+micrencephalic+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BArrowood%2C+J+W%3BSchultetus%2C+R+S%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of the Jak/STAT signalling pathway. AN - 77812844; 8593242 JF - Cellular signalling AU - Finbloom, D S AU - Larner, A C AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Cytokine Biology, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 739 EP - 745 VL - 7 IS - 8 SN - 0898-6568, 0898-6568 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Receptors, Cytokine KW - STAT1 Transcription Factor KW - STAT2 Transcription Factor KW - STAT3 Transcription Factor KW - Stat1 protein, mouse KW - Stat3 protein, mouse KW - Trans-Activators KW - Transcription Factors KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - JAK1 protein, human KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - JAK2 protein, human KW - JAK3 protein, human KW - Jak1 protein, mouse KW - Jak2 protein, mouse KW - Jak3 protein, mouse KW - Janus Kinase 1 KW - Janus Kinase 2 KW - Janus Kinase 3 KW - TYK2 Kinase KW - TYK2 protein, human KW - Tyk2 protein, mouse KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - PTPN11 protein, human KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - PTPN6 protein, human KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - Ptpn11 protein, mouse KW - Ptpn6 protein, mouse KW - SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Proteins -- physiology KW - src Homology Domains KW - Phosphorylation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Receptors, Cytokine -- physiology KW - Multigene Family KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- physiology KW - Trans-Activators -- physiology KW - Protein Kinase C -- physiology KW - Transcription Factors -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77812844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+signalling&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+the+Jak%2FSTAT+signalling+pathway.&rft.au=Finbloom%2C+D+S%3BLarner%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Finbloom&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+signalling&rft.issn=08986568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing deaths in Alaska's fishing industry. AN - 77810990; 8570821 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 700 VL - 110 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drowning -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Drowning -- mortality KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Fisheries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Fisheries -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77810990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Preventing+deaths+in+Alaska%27s+fishing+industry.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Life Sci. 1980 Nov 24;27(21):1985-90 [6111007] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Back pain among workers in the United States: national estimates and workers at high risk. AN - 77777637; 8561169 AB - Back pain accounts for about one fourth of workers' compensation claims in the United States. The Occupational Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey provided an opportunity to assess the scope of this problem. The 30,074 respondents who worked in the 12 months before the interview were defined as "workers", and those with back pain every day for a week or more during that period were defined as "cases." A weighting factor was applied to the answers to derive national estimates. In 1988, about 22.4 million back pain cases (prevalence 17.6%) were responsible for 149.1 million lost workdays; 65% of cases were attributable to occupational activities. For back pain attributed to activities at work, the risk was highest for construction laborers among males (prevalence 22.6%) and nursing aides among females (18.8%). Our analyses show that back pain is a major cause of morbidity and lost production for U.S. workers and identifies previously unrecognized high risk occupations, such as carpenters, automobile mechanics, maids, janitors, and hairdressers, for future research and prevention. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Guo, H R AU - Tanaka, S AU - Cameron, L L AU - Seligman, P J AU - Behrens, V J AU - Ger, J AU - Wild, D K AU - Putz-Anderson, V AD - Surveillance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 591 EP - 602 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Age Distribution KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77777637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Back+pain+among+workers+in+the+United+States%3A+national+estimates+and+workers+at+high+risk.&rft.au=Guo%2C+H+R%3BTanaka%2C+S%3BCameron%2C+L+L%3BSeligman%2C+P+J%3BBehrens%2C+V+J%3BGer%2C+J%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. AN - 77768290; 8664570 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts the Total Diet Study to determine dietary intakes of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). This paper reports results for the sampling period July 1986 to April 1991. The study involves retail purchase of foods representative of the ¿total diet¿ of the U.S. population, preparation for ¿table-ready¿ consumption, and individual analyses of 234 items making up the diets of 8 population groups. The diets were based on 2 nationwide food consumption surveys. The data presented represent 21 food collections (also termed ¿market baskets¿) in regional metropolitan areas during the 5-year period. Dietary intakes of nearly 120 analytes are presented for 8 population groups, which range from infants to elderly adults. Intakes of selected population groups are compared with representative findings from earlier Total Diet Study sampling periods. As reported previously, average daily intakes are well below acceptable limits. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Gunderson, E L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Division of Programs and Enforcement Policy, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1353 EP - 1363 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Trace Elements KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Contamination, Radioactive -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Diet Surveys KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77768290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=FDA+Total+Diet+Study%2C+July+1986-April+1991%2C+dietary+intakes+of+pesticides%2C+selected+elements%2C+and+other+chemicals.&rft.au=Gunderson%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Gunderson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate in commercial sunscreens and cosmetic products. AN - 77766717; 8664573 AB - An analytical method has been developed for determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate (NMPABAO), a nitrosamine contaminant in sunscreen products containing 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate (Padimate O). The method involves extraction of NMPABAO by column chromatography followed by liquid chromatographic separation and analysis wit a nitric oxide detector. To confirm the presence of NMPABAO in sunscreen products, the N-nitrosamine was synthesized and its structure was determined by infrared spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). For method validation, recovery studies were performed on a commercial suntan lotion, cream, and gel. Recoveries of NMPABAO added to representative test samples averaged 83%. The method has an estimated detection limit of 30 ppb. The method was used to analyze 25 commercial cosmetic and sunscreen products containing Padimate O. Eleven products contained NMPABAO at levels ranging from 160 to 21000 ppb. NMPABAO presence in 4 products was confirmed by MS at levels > or = 4000 ppb. The highest levels of NMPABAO were associated with products that contained the nitrite-releasing preservative 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Chou, H J AU - Yates, R L AU - Havery, D C AU - Wenninger, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1378 EP - 1383 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cosmetics KW - Nitrosamines KW - Sunscreening Agents KW - 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate KW - 122021-01-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Data Collection KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Sunscreening Agents -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- chemical synthesis KW - Cosmetics -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77766717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+2-ethylhexyl+4-%28N-methyl-N-nitrosamino%29+benzoate+in+commercial+sunscreens+and+cosmetic+products.&rft.au=Chou%2C+H+J%3BYates%2C+R+L%3BHavery%2C+D+C%3BWenninger%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incomplete data sets: coping with inadequate databases. AN - 77755800; 8664590 AB - Three problems arise in handling numerical values in databases: bad data, missing data, and sloppy data. The effects of bad data are mitigated by using statistical subterfuges such as robust statistics or outlier removal. Missing data are replaced by creating a substitute through interpolation or by using statistics appropriate to unbalanced designs. Sloppy, semiquantitative data are relegated to innocuous positions by using nonparametric, rank, or attribute statistics. These techniques are illustrated by the telephone directory, a database of carcinogenicity test results, and a database of precision parameters derived from method performance (collaborative) studies. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Albert, R H AU - Horwitz, W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS-500), Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1513 EP - 1515 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry KW - Telephone KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Databases, Factual KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77755800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Incomplete+data+sets%3A+coping+with+inadequate+databases.&rft.au=Albert%2C+R+H%3BHorwitz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues. AN - 77739456; 8664575 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was adapted and optimized for the determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish plasma and muscle. Residues in plasma were extracted with acetonitrile, the extract was evaporated to dryness, and residues were resolubilized for LC analysis. Residues in muscle were extracted with an acetonitrile-acetate buffer mixture, reextracted with acetonitrile, and partitioned into methylene chloride with final cleanup on alumni and propylsulfonic acid solid-phase extraction columns. Residue levels were determined by using an LC cyano column with a PbO2 postcolumn and visible detection (618 nm). Overall mean recoveries of parent malachite green (MG-C) and its major metabolite, leuco-malachite green (MG-L), from plasma were 93 and 87%,respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 25 to 250 ppb. Overall mean recoveries of MG-C and MG-L from muscle were 85 and 95%, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 5 to 100 ppb. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of recoveries at all fortification levels ranged from 3.9 to 7.0% for plasma and from 2.1 to 5.2% for muscle. The method was applied to incurred residues in tissues sampled from catfish after waterborne exposure to [14C]MG-C. Mean recoveries of total radioactive residues in plasma and muscle throughout the extraction and cleanup process were 88 and 87%, respectively, and corresponding RSDs for MG-C and MG-L were in the same range as those for fortified tissues. MG-L was confirmed as the major metabolite of MG-C in catfish. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plakas, S M AU - el Said, K R AU - Stehly, G R AU - Roybal, J E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1388 EP - 1394 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Ictaluridae -- metabolism KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Ictaluridae -- blood KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77739456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+a+liquid+chromatographic+method+for+determination+of+malachite+green+and+its+metabolites+in+fish+tissues.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3Bel+Said%2C+K+R%3BStehly%2C+G+R%3BRoybal%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential sensitivity to loss of cytosine methyl groups within the hepatic p53 gene of folate/methyl deficient rats. AN - 77705355; 7586211 AB - Dietary folate/methyl deficiency provides a unique model of endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis in which to study progressive alterations in DNA methylation patterns during tumor progression in vivo. Weanling male F344 rats were given a semi-purified diet deficient in the methyl donors choline, methionine and folic acid for a period of 9 weeks. Using a genomic sequencing procedure based on the PCR amplification of bisulfite-modified DNA, the methylation status of individual CpG sites within exons 6 and 7 of the p53 gene in liver samples from control and deficient rats was determined. Treatment of denatured nuclear DNA with sodium bisulfite quantitatively converts all cytosine residues to uracil which are then amplified as thymine in the PCR reaction. In contrast, 5-methylcytosine is resistant to bisulfite deamination under the reaction conditions and is amplified as cytosine. Automated sequencing of bisulfite-modified DNA will then elucidate the methylation status of each cytosine residue within a defined gene sequence. In addition to evaluation of the methylation status of the p53 gene, the relative activity of the DNA methyltransferase was also quantified in nuclear extracts from control and folate/methyl deficient rats. The results indicate that specific 5-methyl cytosines within the hepatic p53 gene from methyl deficient rats are resistant to demethylation despite the diet-induced decrease in S-adenosylmethionine and the increase in cell proliferation associated with this dietary intervention. Progressive demethylation was observed at other methylated cytosine residues in folate/methyl deficient rats after 9 weeks despite a paradoxical increase in DNA methyltransferase activity. The application of this sequence-specific technology will allow the definition of the methylation status of every CpG site within a coding sequence or promoter region and should provide new insights into mechanisms and consequences of methylation dysregulation during progressive multistage carcinogenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Pogribny, I P AU - Poirier, L A AU - James, S J AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 2863 EP - 2867 VL - 16 IS - 11 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Cytosine KW - 8J337D1HZY KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - Male KW - Genes, p53 KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- genetics KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Cytosine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77705355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Differential+sensitivity+to+loss+of+cytosine+methyl+groups+within+the+hepatic+p53+gene+of+folate%2Fmethyl+deficient+rats.&rft.au=Pogribny%2C+I+P%3BPoirier%2C+L+A%3BJames%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Pogribny&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the allergen(s) in latex protein extracts. AN - 77698583; 7499680 AB - Immediate hypersensitivity to latex, induced by natural latex proteins remaining on the finished products, may lead to severe anaphylactic reactions. We investigated the distribution of latex proteins by molecular weight and identified the specific allergenic molecules. Proteins extracted from various latex products were compared with those extracted from raw latex sap, both ammoniated and nonammoniated. Variations in the levels of extractable protein, as well as in the number of molecules and the molecular weight distribution, were observed especially among finished latex products. To identify allergenic (i.e., IgE-binding) molecules, we performed immunoblots with the sera from latex-sensitive persons. The results indicated that antigenic molecule profiles differed among the products and also between the finished products and the raw material. In addition, specificities of the anti-latex IgE antibodies varied among the sensitized persons. It appeared that persons with the same history of sensitization had similar patterns of antigenic specificities. If the history of exposure, as well as genetic predisposition and medical history of the patient, plays a significant role in the specific IgE response, it may be difficult to select a "standard" antigen and a "standard" antiserum for the evaluation of the latex sensitivity and allergenicity. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Tomazic, V J AU - Withrow, T J AU - Hamilton, R G AD - FDA, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Md 20852, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 635 EP - 642 VL - 96 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Epitopes KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Immunoblotting KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Anaphylaxis -- immunology KW - Molecular Weight KW - Immunoglobulin E -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Antibody Specificity -- immunology KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Plant Proteins -- analysis KW - Plant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Latex -- chemistry KW - Allergens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77698583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+allergen%28s%29+in+latex+protein+extracts.&rft.au=Tomazic%2C+V+J%3BWithrow%2C+T+J%3BHamilton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Tomazic&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the Pulmonary Lesions Induced in Rats by Human Recombinant Interleukin-2 AN - 755136217; 13645663 AB - Histologic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies were made to analyze the structural features and the cellular composition of the pulmonary lesions produced in rats by the administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2). This agent induced pulmonary edema; thickening of alveolar septa; damage to endothelial cells in capillaries and venules, marked interstitial infiltration by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (as demonstrated by cell counting in preparations stained immunohistochemically with peroxidase- and fluorochrome-labeled antibodies); and injury to bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells. Granular and agranular lymphocytes often were closely apposed to endothelial cells in capillaries and venules. Contacts between lymphocytes and type II alveolar epithelial cells also were observed. Damaged type II alveolar epithelial cells showed nuclear and cytoplasmic features that are considered indicative of apoptosis (confirmed by nick end labeling). Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages was occasionally found. These results support the concept that IL-2 induces cytotoxic vascular and parenchymal cell damage that is mediated by LAK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which make contacts with endothelial cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells. This damage appears to be exacerbated by the secondary release of a variety of vasoactive agents and inflammatory mediators. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Wenthold, Robert J AU - Yu, Zu-Xi AU - Herman, Eugene H AU - Ferrans, Victor J AD - Pathology Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1518, Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration (HFD-472), Laurel, Maryland 20708 Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 653 EP - 666 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Lymphokine-activated killer cells KW - Epithelial cells KW - Apoptosis KW - Interleukin 2 KW - Injuries KW - Edema KW - Enumeration KW - Capillaries KW - Alveoli KW - Vasoactive agents KW - Inflammation KW - Endothelial cells KW - Dendritic cells KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Antibodies KW - Lung KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Septum KW - Phagocytosis KW - F 06955:Immunomodulation & Immunopharmacology KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+Pulmonary+Lesions+Induced+in+Rats+by+Human+Recombinant+Interleukin-2&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BWenthold%2C+Robert+J%3BYu%2C+Zu-Xi%3BHerman%2C+Eugene+H%3BFerrans%2C+Victor+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339502300603 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymphokine-activated killer cells; Macrophages; Epithelial cells; Apoptosis; Injuries; Interleukin 2; Edema; Enumeration; Capillaries; Alveoli; Inflammation; Vasoactive agents; Endothelial cells; Dendritic cells; Antibodies; Cytotoxicity; Lung; Lymphocytes T; Septum; Phagocytosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339502300603 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Poor old folks: have our methods of poverty measurement blinded us to who is poor? AN - 59772604; 1998-0501860 AB - Finds that factoring in uninsured medical expenses (not part of official poverty calculations) significantly increases poverty rates for the elderly; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, November 1995. AU - Betson, David M Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Uninsured persons -- United States KW - Poverty -- Measurement KW - Old age -- Economic conditions KW - United States -- Social policy KW - United States -- Economic conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Betson%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Betson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Poor+old+folks%3A+have+our+methods+of+poverty+measurement+blinded+us+to+who+is+poor%3F&rft.title=Poor+old+folks%3A+have+our+methods+of+poverty+measurement+blinded+us+to+who+is+poor%3F&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/papers/poldfolk.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses and human cancers: challenges for preventive strategies. AN - 36361732; 201002-31-0247381 (CE); 11701724 (EN) AB - Virus-associated human cancers provide unique opportunities for preventive strategies. The role of human papilloma viruses (HPV 16 and 18), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Epstein-Barr herpes virus (EBV), and retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus [HTLV]) in the development of common carcinomas and lymphomas represents a major cancer threat, particularly among individuals residing in developing countries, which account for 80% of the world's population. Even though these viruses are not the sole etiological agents of these cancers (as would be the case for infectious diseases), different approaches can be implemented to significantly decrease the incidence of virus-associated malignancies. The first approach is vaccination, which is available for HBV and possibly soon for EBV. The long delay between primary viral infection and development of associated tumors as well as the cost involved with administering vaccinations detracts from the feasibility of such an approach within developing countries. The second approach is to increase efforts to detect pre-cancerous lesions or early tumors using immunovirological means. This would allow early diagnosis and better treatment. The third strategy is linked to the existence of disease susceptibility genes, and suggests that counseling be provided for individuals carrying these genes to encourage them to modify their lifestyles and other conditions associated with increased cancer risks (predictive oncology). Specific recommendations include: a) increase international studies that explore the causes of the large variations in prevalence of common cancers throughout the world; b) conduct interdisciplinary studies involving laboratory investigation and social sciences, which may suggest hypotheses that may then be tested experimentally; and c) promote more preventive and health enhancement strategies in addition to curative and replacement therapies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - de The, G AD - Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland and Institut Pasteur, Unit of Epidemiology of Oncogenic Viruses, Paris, France. dethe@pasteur.fr PY - 1995 SP - 269 EP - 273 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Strategy KW - Human KW - Viruses KW - Tumors KW - Health KW - Genes KW - Risk KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36361732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Viruses+and+human+cancers%3A+challenges+for+preventive+strategies.&rft.au=de+The%2C+G&rft.aulast=de+The&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Targeting Hispanic populations: future research and prevention strategies. AN - 36360330; 201002-31-0247373 (CE); 11701716 (EN) AB - Minority populations face a wide variety of economic, institutional, and cultural barriers to health care. These barriers and low levels of education and income pose significant challenges for health professionals in developing cancer research and prevention-control strategies. It is suggested that specific segments of Hispanic populations fit the model of an underdeveloped country in the intermediate stage of epidemiological transition. Since noncommunicable diseases have not yet fully emerged in some of these Hispanic population segments, the opportunity exists to apply primordial prevention strategies. Such campaigns would focus on dissuading members of these populations from adopting negative health behaviors while promoting positive lifestyle choices. Optimal programs would increase cancer screening participation and discourage risk behaviors through community-oriented, population-based interventions. Future directions in prevention and control efforts for minority populations should include expanded health insurance coverage, improved access to health care, greater emphasis on minority recruitment in health care fields, focused epidemiologic and clinical research, and identification and replication of effective components within existing prevention-control programs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ramirez, A G AU - McAlister, A AU - Gallion, K J AU - Villarreal, R AD - South Texas Health Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA. amelie-ramirez@sthrc.uthscsa.edu PY - 1995 SP - 287 EP - 290 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Populations KW - Health KW - Minorities KW - Strategy KW - Health care KW - Epidemiology KW - Cancer KW - Segments KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Targeting+Hispanic+populations%3A+future+research+and+prevention+strategies.&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+A+G%3BMcAlister%2C+A%3BGallion%2C+K+J%3BVillarreal%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using biomarkers of genetic susceptibility to enhance the study of cancer etiology. AN - 36347609; 201002-31-0247375 (CE); 11701718 (EN) AB - There has been increasing interest in the interaction of genetic susceptibility and xenobiotic exposures in cancer etiology. Study of gene-environment interactions may increase our ability to characterize relatively low population risks if a substantial proportion of the population cancer burden is attributed to high risk among a smaller group of genetically susceptible members. Further, these studies may provide insight into the mechanism of carcinogenesis, which can help establish the biologic plausibility of an exposure-cancer relationship. Biologic processes important in tumorigenesis that exhibit substantial interindividual differences may function as susceptibility factors. Potential examples include polymorphic enzymes, which activate and detoxify procarcinogens and carcinogens (e.g., certain P450 enzymes, N-acetyltransferase [NAT2], glutathione S-transferase M1), and variation in the capacity to repair DNA. Biologic assays are now available to evaluate many of these functions at the DNA and phenotype level and can be readily incorporated into studies of cancer etiology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothman, N AU - Hayes, R B AD - Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. rothmann@epndce.nci.nih.gov PY - 1995 SP - 291 EP - 295 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Etiology KW - Genetics KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Enzymes KW - Risk KW - Carcinogens KW - Exposure KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+biomarkers+of+genetic+susceptibility+to+enhance+the+study+of+cancer+etiology.&rft.au=Rothman%2C+N%3BHayes%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and prevention priorities for alcohol carcinogenesis. AN - 36345031; 201002-31-0247378 (CE); 11701721 (EN) AB - Research conducted during the last four decades has established that consumption of alcoholic beverages causes cancer. Etiologic research questions that remain relate to increases in risk at specific sites, the effects of various types of alcoholic beverages, the effect of various concentrations of alcohol, and the mechanism(s) of action, including possible interactions with other agents such as tobacco smoke. Prevention priorities for alcohol-related cancer depend on whether alcohol causes only the upper aerodigestive cancers or whether it also causes breast and possibly colon cancers. If alcohol causes aerodigestive cancers only, existing prevention programs to prevent alcohol abuse by heavy drinkers are sufficient. The possible small cancer risk faced by moderate drinkers may be more than offset by a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular death. On the other hand, if alcohol consumption increases the occurrence of breast cancer, a prevention program aimed at women who are at high risk for breast cancer is worth considering, but the risks must be weighed against the cardiovascular benefits for moderate drinkers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothman, K J AD - Epidemiology, Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts, USA. KRothman@aol.com PY - 1995 SP - 161 EP - 163 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Alcohols KW - Risk KW - Breast KW - Beverages KW - Priorities KW - Tobacco KW - Colon KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Research+and+prevention+priorities+for+alcohol+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Rothman%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ionizing radiation and cancer prevention. AN - 36344544; 201002-31-0247379 (CE); 11701722 (EN) AB - Ionizing radiation long has been recognized as a cause of cancer. Among environmental cancer risks, radiation is unique in the variety of organs and tissues that it can affect. Numerous epidemiological studies with good dosimetry provide the basis for cancer risk estimation, including quantitative information derived from observed dose-response relationships. The amount of cancer attributable to ionizing radiation is difficult to estimate, but numbers such as 1 to 3% have been suggested. Some radiation-induced cancers attributable to naturally occurring exposures, such as cosmic and terrestrial radiation, are not preventable. The major natural radiation exposure, radon, can often be reduced, especially in the home, but not entirely eliminated. Medical use of radiation constitutes the other main category of exposure; because of the importance of its benefits to one's health, the appropriate prevention strategy is to simply work to minimize exposures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hoel, D G AD - Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA. HOELD@MUSC.EDU PY - 1995 SP - 241 EP - 243 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Exposure KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Health KW - Risk KW - Strategy KW - Terrestrial radiation KW - Categories KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ionizing+radiation+and+cancer+prevention.&rft.au=Hoel%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Hoel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular epidemiology and prevention of cancer. AN - 36324812; 201002-31-0247374 (CE); 11701717 (EN) AB - Preventable environmental causes of cancer, including tobacco smoke and other carcinogens in the diet, workplace, and ambient environment are responsible for the vast majority of human cancers. This paper reviews recent molecular epidemiologic studies that have focused on environmental carcinogenesis and environment-host interactions. Biomarkers such as carcinogen-DNA and carcinogen-protein adducts, mutations in reporter or target genes (e.g., HPRT, GPA, ras, p53), or genetic or acquired susceptibility factors (e.g., polymorphisms in the P450 or glutathione-S-transferase genes and serum levels of antioxidants) have shown significant potential in prevention. They should be useful in early identification of at risk individuals and in designing and monitoring interventions (smoking cessation, exposure reduction, and chemoprevention). JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Perera, F P AD - Columbia University, School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA. fpp1@columbia.edu PY - 1995 SP - 233 EP - 236 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Epidemiology KW - Genes KW - Smoke KW - Risk KW - Reduction KW - Genetics KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology+and+prevention+of+cancer.&rft.au=Perera%2C+F+P&rft.aulast=Perera&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer among special populations: women, ethnic minorities, and the poor. AN - 36322202; 201002-31-0247377 (CE); 11701720 (EN) AB - The study of cancer among women, ethnic minorities, and the poor can yield useful information about etiology and lead to effective recommendations for prevention. Opportunities exist for affecting cancer rates among women by studying and altering hormonal exposures and, possibly, alcohol consumption. The study of diet among ethnic groups may be more informative than among populations with homogeneous diets. The gender and racial differences among lung cancer patients related to tobacco need further research. Innovative multidisciplinary research is needed to reduce the ethnic, gender, and institutional barriers to ensure success in the fight against cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Haynes, A AD - Ranchos Palos Verdes, California, USA mah@kaiwon PY - 1995 SP - 319 EP - 320 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Diets KW - Ethnic minorities KW - Populations KW - Ethnic KW - Multidisciplinary research KW - Tobacco KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+among+special+populations%3A+women%2C+ethnic+minorities%2C+and+the+poor.&rft.au=Haynes%2C+A&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial infection as a cause of cancer. AN - 36320802; 201002-31-0247380 (CE); 11701723 (EN) AB - Bacterial infections traditionally have not been considered major causes of cancer. Recently, however, bacteria have been linked to cancer by two mechanisms: induction of chronic inflammation and production of carcinogenic bacterial metabolites. The most specific example of the inflammatory mechanism of carcinogenesis is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori has been epidemiologically linked to adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach by its propensity to cause lifelong inflammation. This inflammation is in turn thought to cause cancer by inducing cell proliferation and production of mutagenic free radicals and N-nitroso compounds. H. pylori is the first bacterium to be termed a definite cause of cancer in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Mutagenic bacterial metabolites are also suspected to increase risk for cancer. This model is best exemplified in colon cancer. Bile salt metabolites increase colonic cell proliferation. Exogenous compounds such as rutin may be metabolized into mutagens by resident colonic flora. Moreover, Bacteroides species can produce fecapentaenes, potent in vitro mutagens, in relatively high concentrations. In vivo data on human carcinogenesis by bacterial metabolites, however, are inconsistent. Local bacterial infections may also predispose to nonnodal lymphomas, although the mechanisms for this are unknown. Gastric lymphomas and immunoproliferative small intestinal disease have been most strongly linked to underlying bacterial infection. Because bacterial infections can be cured with antibiotics, identification of bacterial causes of malignancy could have important implications for cancer prevention. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Parsonnet, J AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. ml.jxp@forsythe.stanford.edu PY - 1995 SP - 263 EP - 268 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Cancer KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - Human KW - Free radicals KW - Colon KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bacterial+infection+as+a+cause+of+cancer.&rft.au=Parsonnet%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parsonnet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domoic acid-induced neuronal degeneration in the primate forebrain revealed by degeneration specific histochemistry. AN - 77770540; 8574649 AB - Domoic acid is a potent excitotoxin produced by diatoms which is subsequently passed along the marine food chain. Its chemical structure and toxicological properties are similar to kainic acid. Like kainic acid, exposure results in extensive hippocampal degeneration. The effect of domoic acid on other primate brain structures, however, is less resolved. In an attempt to clarify this issue, the present study applied a degeneration specific histochemical technique (de Olmos' cupric-silver method) to reveal degeneration within the brains of domoic acid-dosed cynomolgus monkeys. Degenerating neuronal cell bodies and terminals were found not only within the hippocampus, but also within a number of other 'limbic' structures including the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, the piriform cortex, the lateral septum, and the dorsal lateral nucleus of the thalamus. Although the hippocampus is a component of the original limbic circuit of Papez, other components such as the mammillary bodies, the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the cingulate cortex contained no degeneration, while a number of more recently documented efferent targets of the hippocampal formation revealed extensive degeneration. The pattern of degeneration generally correlated with those regions containing high densities of kainate receptors. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AU - Scallet, A C AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/10/09/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Oct 09 SP - 64 EP - 70 VL - 695 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents KW - 0 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Entorhinal Cortex -- ultrastructure KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Entorhinal Cortex -- drug effects KW - Pyramidal Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nerve Degeneration KW - Kainic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hippocampus -- ultrastructure KW - Prosencephalon -- drug effects KW - Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77770540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Domoic+acid-induced+neuronal+degeneration+in+the+primate+forebrain+revealed+by+degeneration+specific+histochemistry.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-10-09&rft.volume=695&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of ultrasonic backscatter coefficients in human liver and kidney in vivo. AN - 85159811; pmid-7593911 AB - Ultrasonic backscatter coefficients, in the range of 2.0-4.0 MHz, were measured in normal human livers and kidneys in vivo. In liver, data were acquired and analyzed from 15 normal volunteers and 19 patients with hepatitis. No significant difference between normal and chronic hepatitis was found. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal liver as a function of frequency was eta(f) = 4.5 x 10(-5) f1.6 cm-1 Str-1. This is comparable to that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal liver and to that measured by two other teams of investigators in in vivo human liver. In kidney, data were acquired from 11 normal volunteers. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal kidney was eta (f) = 2.3 x 10(-5) f2.1 cm-1 Str-1. This is in the range of that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal kidney. In order to assess the system dependence of in vivo abdominal organ backscatter coefficients, measurements were performed using two different ultrasonic data-acquisition systems. The two systems exhibited close agreement. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AU - Garra, B S AU - Hall, T J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1852 EP - 1857 VL - 98 IS - 4 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85159811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+ultrasonic+backscatter+coefficients+in+human+liver+and+kidney+in+vivo.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A%3BGarra%2C+B+S%3BHall%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Years of potential life lost and lost future productivity due to occupational fatalities--Alaska, 1990-1994. AN - 77885903; 8742154 AB - Alaska had the highest occupational fatality rate of any state for the 1980s. The impact of these events is estimated by the index of years of potential life lost before age 65 (YPLL), which was developed to measure the potentially preventable mortality occurring early in life. Lost future productivity (wages) and YPLL were calculated from surveillance statistics for all workers killed on the job during this 5-year period. During 1990-1994, Alaska experienced 343 work-related deaths among civilians under age 65. YPLL was 9,690 years with an estimated lost future productivity of $367,000,000. Premature death due to occupational traumatic injury in Alaska for 1990-1994 was extremely costly to society. Premature death not only adversely affects the deceased workers' family, friends, and coworkers, but also society economically. Effective intervention strategies are needed to significantly reduce both the number and the cost of fatal occupational trauma in Alaska. JF - Alaska medicine AU - Klatt, M L AU - Kennedy, R D AU - Conway, G A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0002-4538, 0002-4538 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Forecasting KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Efficiency KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77885903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+medicine&rft.atitle=Years+of+potential+life+lost+and+lost+future+productivity+due+to+occupational+fatalities--Alaska%2C+1990-1994.&rft.au=Klatt%2C+M+L%3BKennedy%2C+R+D%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Klatt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alaska+medicine&rft.issn=00024538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary intake estimates as a means to the harmonization of maximum residue levels for veterinary drugs. I. Concept. AN - 77817462; 8587148 AB - The harmonization of standards and procedures for establishing tolerances or maximum residue levels (MRLs) for veterinary drug residues in edible animal products is a major goal of the international veterinary drug community. Such harmonization would contribute to easing trade barriers. This paper proposes use of the toxicologically determined acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the drug as the safety standard for reaching conclusions on the acceptability of residues in meat for human consumption. Specifically, the 'equivalence' of different MRLs for the same veterinary drug would be determined by considering whether they are likely to result in dietary residues that exceed another country's ADI for the drug. Two methods of estimating dietary intake are described, and estimates are made for the veterinary drugs albendazole and ivermectin. Based on these estimates, the US and JECFA MRLs for each drug would be considered 'equivalent' for trade purposes. JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Fitzpatrick, S C AU - Brynes, S D AU - Guest, G B AD - Centre for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 325 EP - 327 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Albendazole KW - F4216019LN KW - Index Medicus KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - World Health Organization KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Diet KW - Anthelmintics -- administration & dosage KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Ivermectin -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Albendazole -- administration & dosage KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Albendazole -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- standards KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77817462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Dietary+intake+estimates+as+a+means+to+the+harmonization+of+maximum+residue+levels+for+veterinary+drugs.+I.+Concept.&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+S+C%3BBrynes%2C+S+D%3BGuest%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilizing uncertainty factors in minimal risk levels derivation. AN - 77804916; 8577953 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. During MRL derivation, uncertainty factors (UF) are used. Under current ATSDR methodology, default UFs of 10 are applied to extrapolate from a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) to a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), for interspecies extrapolation and for intraspecies variability. However, chemical-specific toxicity information has sometimes made it necessary and appropriate to deviate from using the standard UF of 10. Since its inception in January 1993 until December 1994, ATSDR's Inter-agency MRL Workgroup has derived 46 inhalation and 67 oral MRLs. When the substance-specific data permitted, the workgroup departed from the default UFs of 10 in 30 specific cases. Specific examples and rationales are presented in this paper. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Pohl, H R AU - Abadin, H G AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 180 EP - 188 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77804916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Utilizing+uncertainty+factors+in+minimal+risk+levels+derivation.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BAbadin%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury and stress. AN - 77778457; 8542339 AB - A literature search was conducted to identify studies that measured the relationship between stress and occupational injury. Studies that provided a quantitative measure of stress and occupational injury and a quantitative assessment of the relationship between these two factors were selected for this review. Twenty studies were identified, and all had P values of less than .05 or odds ratios ranging from .3 to 4.6. Twelve of 17 measures had odds ratios greater than 1.0. Several factors limit the generalizability of these results, however, and these include methodological differences in the assessment of stress and injury, study design, and limited representation of occupations. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Johnston, J J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1199 EP - 1203 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Research Design KW - Male KW - Female KW - Stress, Physiological -- complications KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77778457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+and+stress.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation protection requirements for medical x-ray film. AN - 77774294; 8551996 AB - Previous darkroom shielding requirements for medical x-ray film-assumed that the film should not be exposed to diagnostic x-ray radiation levels greater than 2 microGy (0.2 mR) for the life of the film. Modern medical x-ray films are much less sensitive to ionizing radiation, with most films showing at least an order of magnitude less sensitivity than previously assumed. Conversely, these same films when loaded in cassettes using modern intensifying screens exhibit an order of magnitude greater sensitivity when these cassettes are exposed to ionizing radiation. These data suggest that protection of modern medical x-ray film, stored in a darkroom, may require less shielding than previously assumed. Conversely, film loaded in a cassette will require greater shielding. JF - Medical physics AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Conway, B J AU - Fewell, T R AU - Slayton, R J AU - Rueter, F G AU - Gray, J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-240), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1691 EP - 1693 VL - 22 IS - 10 SN - 0094-2405, 0094-2405 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Radiation Protection KW - X-Ray Film UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77774294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.atitle=Radiation+protection+requirements+for+medical+x-ray+film.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H%3BConway%2C+B+J%3BFewell%2C+T+R%3BSlayton%2C+R+J%3BRueter%2C+F+G%3BGray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+physics&rft.issn=00942405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chattanooga Creek: case study of the public health nursing role in environmental health. AN - 77616265; 7479542 AB - Public health nurses have two primary roles in protecting their communities from hazardous substances: community assessment and health education. Developing assessment skills in environmental health enables public health nurses to collaborate with other federal, state, and county agencies in identifying public health hazards and making health-based recommendations at hazardous waste sites needing remedial or removal interventions. Community health education empowers communities to minimize their exposure to hazardous wastes in their environment. Methods for community environmental health assessment and interventions are demonstrated in this article by activities conducted at the Chattanooga Creek site in Chattanooga, Tennessee. A thorough assessment and collaborative approach between government agencies, local health professionals, and community members resulted in a successful community health education program and this site's placement on the National Priorities List. JF - Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) AU - Phillips, L AD - Community Health Branch, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 335 EP - 340 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0737-1209, 0737-1209 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - Tennessee KW - Environmental Health KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Health Nursing KW - Health Education -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77616265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+nursing+%28Boston%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Chattanooga+Creek%3A+case+study+of+the+public+health+nursing+role+in+environmental+health.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+L&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+nursing+%28Boston%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=07371209&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis among gold miners: exposure--response analyses and risk assessment. AN - 77578136; 7573620 AB - This study sought to estimate the risk of silicosis by cumulative exposure-years in a cohort of miners exposed to silica, as well as the lifetime risk of silicosis under the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard (0.09 mg/m3). In a cohort study of 3330 gold miners who worked at least 1 year underground from 1940 to 1965 (average 9 years) and were exposed to a median silica level of 0.05 mg/m3 (0.15 mg/m3 for those hired before 1930), 170 cases of silicosis were determined from either death certificates or two cross-sectional radiographic surveys. The risk of silicosis was less than 1% with a cumulative exposure under 0.5 mg/m3-years, increasing to 68% to 84% for the highest cumulative exposure category of more than 4 mg/m3-years. Cumulative exposure was the best predictor of disease, followed by duration of exposure and average exposure. After adjustment for competing risks of death, a 45-year exposure under the current OSHA standard would lead to a lifetime risk of silicosis of 35% to 47%. Almost 2 million US workers are currently exposed to silica. Our results add to a small but increasing body of literature that suggests that the current OSHA silica exposure level is unacceptably high. JF - American journal of public health AU - Steenland, K AU - Brown, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1372 EP - 1377 VL - 85 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Assessment KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Middle Aged KW - Radiography KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Silicosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Mining KW - Silicosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77578136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Silicosis+among+gold+miners%3A+exposure--response+analyses+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BBrown%2C+D&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Environ Health. 1974 Jan;28(1):12-7 [4357261] Arch Environ Health. 1974 Jan;28(1):23-7 [4357263] J Chronic Dis. 1975 Mar;28(3):135-47 [1123420] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(6):705-23 [6316782] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1984 Feb;45(2):89-94 [6322564] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(1):29-43 [2750748] Biometrics. 1990 Sep;46(3):813-26 [2242416] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(4):555 [2035554] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1993 Nov 19;42(5):23-8 [8232180] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Oct;24(4):447-57 [8250063] Am J Ind Med. 1994 May;25(5):769-72 [8030647] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Feb;27(2):217-29 [7755012] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1995 Oct;85(10):1346-7 [7573613] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of paint overspray in autobody repair shops. AN - 77539903; 7572611 AB - Commercially available controls for reducing worker exposure to paint overspray were evaluated in six autobody shops and a spray-painting equipment manufacturer's test facility. Engineering control measures included spray-painting booths, vehicle preparation stations, and spray-painting guns. The controls were evaluated by measuring particulate overspray concentrations in the worker's breathing zone, visualizing the airflow in spray-painting booths and vehicle preparation stations, and measuring airflow volumes and velocities. In addition, respirator usage observations were collected at five of the autobody repair shops, and quantitative fit tests were conducted on existing respirators at three shops. Several conclusions were drawn from this study. Downdraft spray-painting booths provide lower particulate overspray concentrations measured on the worker than crossdraft and semidowndraft spray-painting booths. In the latter two booths, the spray-painting gun can disperse as much as half the paint overspray into the incoming fresh air, increasing worker overspray exposure. Vehicle preparation stations have no walls to contain the overspray and, commonly, a single exhaust fan removes air from the painting area. Airflow patterns suggest that these do not control the paint overspray. Switching from a conventional spray-painting gun to a high-volume low pressure spray-painting gun reduced the particulate overspray concentration by a factor of 2 at a manufacturer's test facility. However, this change did not significantly affect solvent concentrations. Finally, respirator usage in five of the six shops studied was inappropriate. Respirators were poorly maintained and/or did not fit the workers, perhaps due to the absence of a formal respirator program. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Wallace, M E AU - Bryant, C J AU - Ruch, W E AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1023 EP - 1032 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Automobiles KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Paint UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77539903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Control+of+paint+overspray+in+autobody+repair+shops.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BWallace%2C+M+E%3BBryant%2C+C+J%3BRuch%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phorbol ester-induced down modulation of tailless CD4 receptors requires prior binding of gp120 and suggests a role for accessory molecules. AN - 77500029; 7545243 AB - The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into cells proceeds via a fusion mechanism that is initiated by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120-gp41 to its cellular receptor CD4. Species- and tissue-specific restrictions to viral entry suggested the participation of additional membrane components in the postbinding fusion events. In a previous study (H. Golding, J. Manischewitz, L. Vujcic, R. Blumenthal, and D. Dimitrov, J. Virol. 68:1962-1968, 1994), it was found that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated cell fusion by inducing down modulation of an accessory component(s) in the CD4-expressing cells. The fusion inhibition was seen in a variety of cells, including T-cell transfectants expressing engineered CD4 receptors (CD4.401 and CD4.CD8) which are not susceptible to down modulation by PMA treatment. In the current study, it was found that preincubation of A2.01.CD4.401 cells with soluble monomeric gp120 for 1 h at 37 degrees C primed them for PMA-induced down modulation (up to 70%) of the tailless CD4 receptors. The gp120-priming effect was temperature dependent, and the down modulation may have occurred via clathrin-coated pits. Importantly, nonhuman cell lines expressing tailless CD4 molecules did not down modulate their CD4 receptors under the same conditions. The gp120-dependent PMA-induced down modulation of tailless CD4 receptors could be efficiently blocked by the human monoclonal antibodies 48D and 17B, which bind with increased avidity to gp120 that was previously bound to CD4 (M. Thali, J. P. Moore, C. Furman, M. Charles, D. D. Ho, J. Robinson, and J. Sodroski, J. Virol. 67:3978-3988, 1993). These findings suggest that gp120 binding to cellular CD4 receptors induces conformational changes leading to association of the gp120-CD4 complexes with accessory transmembrane molecules that are susceptible to PMA-induced down modulation and can target the virions to clathrin-coated pits. JF - Journal of virology AU - Golding, H AU - Dimitrov, D S AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Broder, C C AU - Robinson, J AU - Fabian, S AU - Littman, D R AU - Lapham, C K AD - Division of Viral Products, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 6140 EP - 6148 VL - 69 IS - 10 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Epitopes KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Recombinant Proteins -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- physiology KW - Giant Cells KW - Membrane Fusion KW - Transfection KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- physiology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- drug effects KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- metabolism KW - HIV-1 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77500029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Phorbol+ester-induced+down+modulation+of+tailless+CD4+receptors+requires+prior+binding+of+gp120+and+suggests+a+role+for+accessory+molecules.&rft.au=Golding%2C+H%3BDimitrov%2C+D+S%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BBroder%2C+C+C%3BRobinson%2C+J%3BFabian%2C+S%3BLittman%2C+D+R%3BLapham%2C+C+K&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Exp Med. 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1143-50 [2212945] J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):1013-8 [7815477] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):31-41 [1985202] J Exp Med. 1991 Mar 1;173(3):575-87 [1900077] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 5;266(16):10658-65 [1674746] J Exp Med. 1991 Aug 1;174(2):407-15 [1713252] J Virol. 1991 Sep;65(9):4893-901 [1714523] AIDS. 1991 Jul;5(7):871-5 [1909875] J Immunol. 1992 Feb 1;148(3):678-88 [1370513] J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2389-97 [1548769] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4784-93 [1378510] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4794-802 [1629956] Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):382-5 [3001934] Cell. 1987 Jun 5;49(5):659-68 [3107838] Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):162-5 [3260353] Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):712-6 [2969619] Virology. 1989 Feb;168(2):267-73 [2464872] J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):389-400 [2563728] Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):573-81 [2788034] J Immunol. 1990 Mar 15;144(6):2131-9 [1690235] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2149-56 [2109100] Cell Immunol. 1990 Jun;128(1):101-17 [1971526] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(10):965-74 [2398460] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4940-50 [1629960] J Virol. 1993 Feb;67(2):913-26 [8419649] Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):483-91 [8438583] J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3978-88 [7685405] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):15291-7 [8325899] Science. 1993 Jul 30;261(5121):612-5 [8342026] J Exp Med. 1993 Oct 1;178(4):1209-22 [8376930] J Virol. 1993 Nov;67(11):6469-75 [8411350] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1993;28(5):431-64 [8269710] J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1962-9 [7906314] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1993 Dec;9(12):1185-93 [7511394] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Apr;10(4):359-69 [7520721] Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):69-73 [2172833] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 to induce lymphokine-activated cytotoxicity and perforin and granzyme gene expression in fresh human NK cells. AN - 77498760; 7671323 AB - NK-mediated cytotoxicity is regulated by a variety of cytokines and is thought to involve perforin and granzymes. The effects of IL-2 and IL-12 on the expression and activation of cytolysis were examined in freshly isolated human NK cells. A dose-dependent increase in cytolysis of the NK-sensitive target cell, K562, and the NK-insensitive but lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-sensitive target, UCLA-SO-M14, was observed after short term culture of purified human NK cells in either IL-2 or IL-12. Moreover, the two cytokines often synergized to produce augmented lytic activity. A suboptimal dose of IL-2 (60 IU/ml) combined with IL-12 (2 U/ml) could induce lytic activity equal to twice the additive effect of each cytokine alone. Northern analyses revealed time-dependent increases in mRNAs encoding for perforin and granzymes A and B following treatment with IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus IL-12. IL-2 and IL-12 also synergized for the induction of granzyme mRNAs, in that treatment with both cytokines increased mRNA levels approximately 50% above the sum of each cytokine alone, as quantitated by phosphorimage analysis, and normalized to GAPDH gene expression. However, the synergy between IL-2 and IL-12 for the induction of mRNA was less dramatic than for lytic activity. Results of experiments in which cytokine-treated cells were pulsed with actinomycin D indicated that the increased granzyme and perforin gene mRNA levels in response to IL-2, IL-12, or the combination were not due to increased transcript stability. The data suggest that low doses of IL-2 and IL-12 synergize to augment NK- and induce LAK-mediated cytotoxicity and that this increase is associated with enhanced transcription of perforin and granzyme genes in a synergistic fashion. JF - Cellular immunology AU - DeBlaker-Hohe, D F AU - Yamauchi, A AU - Yu, C R AU - Horvath-Arcidiacono, J A AU - Bloom, E T AD - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/10/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Oct 01 SP - 33 EP - 43 VL - 165 IS - 1 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - 0 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Perforin KW - 126465-35-8 KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Granzymes KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - GZMA protein, human KW - EC 3.4.21.78 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- physiology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- drug effects KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- physiology KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- biosynthesis KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-12 -- pharmacology KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- drug effects KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77498760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=IL-12+synergizes+with+IL-2+to+induce+lymphokine-activated+cytotoxicity+and+perforin+and+granzyme+gene+expression+in+fresh+human+NK+cells.&rft.au=DeBlaker-Hohe%2C+D+F%3BYamauchi%2C+A%3BYu%2C+C+R%3BHorvath-Arcidiacono%2C+J+A%3BBloom%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=DeBlaker-Hohe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation and T lymphocyte mutation induction in F344 rats implanted with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene. AN - 77071518; 11381742 AB - Diesel emissions are known to induce tumors in laboratory animals and are suspected of being carcinogenic in humans. Of the compounds associated with diesel exhaust, 1,6-dinitropyrene is a particularly potent mutagen and carcinogen; thus, monitoring the toxic effects of 1,6-dinitropyrene may provide a means for assessing the carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to diesel emissions. In these experiments, 1,6-dinitropyrene was implanted into the lungs of rats according to a protocol known to induce lung tumors; the DNA adducts were characterized and quantified in target (lung) and surrogate (liver, white blood cells, and spleen lymphocytes) tissues. In addition, mutation induction was assayed at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus in spleen T lymphocytes, and the relation between adduct concentration and mutation induction was elucidated. Rats were administered 30 micrograms or 100 micrograms of [ring-3H]1,6-dinitropyrene and adduct levels were quantified for up to one month after treatment. In lung tissue, white blood cells, liver tissue, and spleen lymphocytes, one major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-6-nitropyrene, was detected. In each tissue, the levels of this adduct reached a maximal level one to seven days after treatment and decreased to approximately 25% of the peak values by 28 days after treatment. DNA adduct formation in the lung was approximately tenfold higher than that observed in the other tissues. A dose-response relation was not observed in the lung, white blood cells, or liver; but in the spleen lymphocytes, a threefold increase in dose resulted in approximately a twofold increase in adduct formation. After a similar treatment with 1,6-dinitropyrene, mutations were assayed at the hprt locus in spleen T lymphocytes for up to 51 weeks. Compared with control animals treated with solvent, 1,6-dinitropyrene induced a significant increase in mutant frequency with the 100-microgram dose, typically producing twofold more mutants than the 30-microgram dose. With both doses, the mutant frequency increased until 21 weeks after treatment with 1,6-dinitropyrene, remained constant until week 40, and then began to decrease. Nonetheless, nearly one year after treatment, the mutant frequency in rats treated with 1,6-dinitropyrene was greater than that observed in control rats. In a subsequent experiment, rats were administered 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, or 150 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene and the extent of adduct formation was determined seven days after treatment. In the lung nuclei, liver nuclei, and spleen lymphocyte DNA, a significant dose-response relation was observed, with the extent of adduct formation increasing significantly at a dose of 10 micrograms. A twofold increase in dose resulted in a twofold increase in adduct formation up to the 30-microgram dose in lung nuclei DNA, and up to the 10-microgram dose in liver nuclei DNA. At higher doses, the extent of adduct formation still increased but the rate of increase was much lower than that occurring at lower doses. To assess the mutation frequency as a function of dose, additional rats were treated with 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, or 150 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene and mutations were assayed at the hprt locus in spleen T lymphocytes 21 weeks after treatment. In this experiment, a significant dose-response relation was observed, with the increase in mutants becoming significant at 1 microgram and higher doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene. These data indicate that 1,6-dinitropyrene, a constituent of diesel emissions, is metabolically activated by nitroreduction to produce DNA adducts in target and surrogate tissues. They further suggest that T lymphocyte mutations may be a more sensitive and longer-lived biomarker than DNA adducts for assessing previous exposures to genotoxic agents, such as nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Research report (Health Effects Institute) AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT-100, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1 EP - 27; discussion 29-39 IS - 72 SN - 1041-5505, 1041-5505 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Drug Implants KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Nucleus -- genetics KW - Male KW - Hepatocytes -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77071518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+report+%28Health+Effects+Institute%29&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation+and+T+lymphocyte+mutation+induction+in+F344+rats+implanted+with+tumorigenic+doses+of+1%2C6-dinitropyrene.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=72&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+report+%28Health+Effects+Institute%29&rft.issn=10415505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise and hearing loss in firefighting. AN - 76177866; 8903753 AB - Since the NIH received a request to investigate the high degree of hearing loss in a fire department in 1980, hearing loss among firefighters has become an area of increased investigation. The author identifies the sources of occupational noise in firefighting, looks at audiometric testing and recent research in firefighting noise, and presents guidelines for implementing hearing conservation programs. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Tubbs, R L AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 843 EP - 856 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Audiometry KW - Humans KW - Ear Protective Devices -- utilization KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Fires KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76177866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Noise+and+hearing+loss+in+firefighting.&rft.au=Tubbs%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Tubbs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The goldfish as a model for studying neuroestrogen synthesis, localization, and action in the brain and visual system. AN - 36358371; 201002-31-0247371 (CE); 11701714 (EN) AB - Organizational and activational effects of estrogen (E) in the central nervous system (CNS) are exerted directly by circulating E and indirectly after aromatization of circulating androgen to E in the brain itself. Understanding an environmental chemical's ability to disrupt E-dependent neural processes, therefore, requires attention to both pathways. Because aromatase (Aro) is highly expressed in teleost brain, when compared to mammals and other vertebrates, fish are technically advantageous for localization and regulation studies and may also provide a model in which the functional consequences of brain-derived (neuro-)E synthesis are exaggerated. Recently, Aro was immunolocalized in cell bodies and fiber projections of second- and third-order neurons of the goldfish retina and in central visual processing areas. Authentic Aro enzyme activity was verified biochemically, suggesting a heretofore unrecognized role of sex steroids in the visual system. Initial studies show that in vivo treatment with aromatizable androgen or E increases calmodulin synthesis and calmodulin protein in retina and also affects retinal protein and DNA. Whether there are related changes in the processing of visual information that is essential for seasonal reproduction or in the generative and regenerative capacity of the goldfish visual system requires further investigation. Images Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Callard, G V AU - Kruger, A AU - Betka, M AD - Department of Biology, Boston University, MA 02215, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 51 EP - 57 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Visual KW - Synthesis KW - Brain KW - Circulating KW - Position (location) KW - Images KW - Calmodulin KW - Proteins KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+goldfish+as+a+model+for+studying+neuroestrogen+synthesis%2C+localization%2C+and+action+in+the+brain+and+visual+system.&rft.au=Callard%2C+G+V%3BKruger%2C+A%3BBetka%2C+M&rft.aulast=Callard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogens in unexpected places: possible implications for researchers and consumers. AN - 36358298; 201002-31-0247370 (CE); 11701713 (EN) AB - Estrogenic activity originating in unexpected places was encountered on three occasions during an investigation of whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized estrogens. In each instance, estradiol found in the conditioned yeast culture medium originated from an exogenous source and was not synthesized by the yeast. In the first instance, yeast grown in the laboratory showed a time-dependent increase in estradiol in the conditioned medium. However, the culture medium supplement Bacto-peptone was found to contain large amounts of estrone. When added to yeast cultures in the form of YPD medium (yeast extract, Bacto-peptone, and dextrose), S. cerevisiae converted the estrone to estradiol leading to the accumulation of estradiol over time. In the second instance, commercially purchased S. cerevisiae grown in a molasses medium exhibited substantial amounts of estradiol. However, corn and beet molasses contained sufficient estrone and estradiol to account for the findings. As in the first instance, the yeast converted the estrone into estradiol. In the third instance, autoclaving culture medium in polycarbonate plastic flasks was found to cause an estrogenic substance to be added to the medium, whether yeast were present or not. It was determined that the autoclaving process leached bisphenol-A (BPA) out of the polycarbonate plastic. BPA was shown to bind to estrogen receptors and to induce estrogenic activity, including stimulation of MCF-7 breast cancer-cell proliferation and induction of the expression of progesterone receptors. The three instances highlight potential problems for investigators who might inadvertently add estrogens to experimental systems confounding their results. The BPA findings raise concerns about the possible addition of this estrogenic molecule to the food supply since polycarbonate plastic is used in myriad applications in the packaging of food and beverages. Although we are unaware of the substantial contamination of food products with BPA, we believe this possibility should be carefully investigated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Feldman, D AU - Krishnan, A AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, California, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 129 EP - 133 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Yeast KW - Estrogens KW - Culture KW - Foods KW - Polycarbonates KW - Receptors KW - Molasses KW - Autoclaving KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estrogens+in+unexpected+places%3A+possible+implications+for+researchers+and+consumers.&rft.au=Feldman%2C+D%3BKrishnan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogen receptor accessory proteins: effects on receptor-DNA interactions. AN - 36354159; 201002-31-0247366 (CE); 11701709 (EN) AB - Despite a wealth of information about the structure and composition of steroid receptors and their functional domains, little is known about the role of accessory proteins as mediators of receptor activity. To better define the role of such proteins in estrogen receptor (ER) function, we have used immunoaffinity, steroid affinity, and site-specific DNA-affinity chromatography to identify and characterize proteins that associate with human ER (hER) in extracts from MCF-7 cells and hER-expressing CHO (CHO-ER) cells. In addition to the expected 66-kDa hER, a 70-kDa protein was obtained and subsequently identified as a member of the heat shock protein family (hsp70). A 55-kDa protein, detected by all three approaches, was identified as a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). Two proteins that were preferentially retained by an ER-specific DNA affinity column (p48 and p45) remain unidentified. Maximal interaction of purified hER with the vitellogenin A2 estrogen response element (ERE) occurred in the presence of all four associated proteins isolated by DNA-affinity chromatography. The increased stability of this complex was due primarily to an increase in the association rate of hER with ERE. Thus, accessory proteins may be required for optimal interaction of ER with EREs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Landel, C C AU - Kushner, P J AU - Greene, G L AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 23 EP - 28 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Proteins KW - Receptors KW - Estrogens KW - Accessories KW - Steroids KW - Affinity KW - Chromatography KW - Optimization KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estrogen+receptor+accessory+proteins%3A+effects+on+receptor-DNA+interactions.&rft.au=Landel%2C+C+C%3BKushner%2C+P+J%3BGreene%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Landel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse lactoferrin gene: a marker for estrogen and epidermal growth factor. AN - 36335152; 201002-31-0247372 (CE); 11701715 (EN) AB - Lactoferrin mRNA in the 21-day-old mouse uterus can be increased several hundredfold by estrogen. The physiological role of lactoferrin in mouse uterus is unclear; however, it can be a useful marker for the estrogen action in the uterus. The structural organization and the chromosome location of the lactoferrin gene are similar to members of the transferrin gene family. At the 5' flanking region of the lactoferrin gene, we have characterized two modules that respond to estrogen and growth factor stimulation. Each module is composed of either overlapping or multiple transcription factor-binding elements. The well-characterized estrogen and growth factor response modules in the mouse lactoferrin gene could serve as the foundation to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms of estrogen action and its relationship to growth factors. Images Figure 1. Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Teng, C AD - Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC 27709, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 17 EP - 20 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Estrogens KW - Genes KW - Growth factors KW - Uterus KW - Modules KW - Markers KW - Images KW - Stimulation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mouse+lactoferrin+gene%3A+a+marker+for+estrogen+and+epidermal+growth+factor.&rft.au=Teng%2C+C&rft.aulast=Teng&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Declining semen quality and increasing incidence of testicular cancer: is there a common cause? AN - 36330420; 201002-31-0247365 (CE); 11701708 (EN) AB - Male reproduction has been given little attention in science and in medical practice. However, a recent metaanalysis on semen quality, which clearly pointed to a decrease over the past 50 years, has been repeatedly quoted. Three recent reports have found that semen quality has declined among candidate semen donors during the past 20 years. The evidence of decline in the quality of semen is not the only indicator that the human testis is at risk. During the past 50 years, cancer of the testis has also become more common. This is a disorder of young men, and it is associated with a high rate of other abnormalities of the testis including undescended testis and poor semen quality. Furthermore, the incidence of both hypospadias and undescended testis has been reported to be rising in the general population. We believe that the evidence of declining semen quality should be seen in the light of these trends in other reproductive disorders of men. However, the etiology is unknown. A recent hypothesis that links the trends in the health of the male reproductive system to xenoestrogens in the environment is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carlsen, E AU - Giwercman, A AU - Keiding, N AU - Skakkebaek, N E AD - University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. PY - 1995 SP - 137 EP - 139 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Semen KW - Health KW - Cancer KW - Incidence KW - Men KW - Males KW - Trends KW - Reproduction KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36330420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Declining+semen+quality+and+increasing+incidence+of+testicular+cancer%3A+is+there+a+common+cause%3F&rft.au=Carlsen%2C+E%3BGiwercman%2C+A%3BKeiding%2C+N%3BSkakkebaek%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Carlsen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of estrogenic chemicals on development. AN - 36322596; 201002-31-0247368 (CE); 11701711 (EN) AB - The sum of the evidence supports the necessity to continue to investigate the developmental effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds when exposure occurs early in life. Additional studies will answer questions relevant to the molecular definition of the developmental or carcinogenic effects of estrogens such as hormone-induced gene alterations. These studies also support the need to use the neonatal mouse model to demonstrate the consequences of reproductive and nonreproductive stem-cell exposure to estrogenic compounds. Images Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 2. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Jones, L A AU - Hajek, R A AD - Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. lovell_jones@gyn.mda.uth.tmc.edu PY - 1995 SP - 63 EP - 67 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Images KW - Genes KW - Alterations KW - Carcinogens KW - Estrogens KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+estrogenic+chemicals+on+development.&rft.au=Jones%2C+L+A%3BHajek%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular and molecular effects of developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol: implications for other environmental estrogens. AN - 36320899; 201002-31-0247369 (CE); 11701712 (EN) AB - Concerns have been raised regarding the role of environmental and dietary estrogens as possible contributors to an increased incidence of various abnormalities in estrogen-target tissues of both sexes. These abnormalities include breast cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, and uterine adenocarcinoma in females, as well as alterations in sex differentiation, decreased sperm concentrations, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer, testicular cancer, and reproductive problems in males. Whether these concerns are valid remains to be determined; however, studies with the potent synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) suggest that exogenous estrogen exposure during critical stages of development can result in permanent cellular and molecular alterations in the exposed organism. These alterations manifest themselves in the female and male as structural, functional, or long-term pathological changes including neoplasia. Although DES has potent estrogenic activity, it may be used as a model compound to study the effects of weaker environmental estrogens, many of which may fit into the category of endocrine disruptors. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Newbold, R AD - Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 83 EP - 87 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Estrogens KW - Alterations KW - Cancer KW - Abnormalities KW - Males KW - Females KW - Sex KW - Cellular KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cellular+and+molecular+effects+of+developmental+exposure+to+diethylstilbestrol%3A+implications+for+other+environmental+estrogens.&rft.au=Newbold%2C+R&rft.aulast=Newbold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sex hormones on oncogene expression in the vagina and on development of sexual dimorphism of the pelvis and anococcygeus muscle in the mouse. AN - 36316340; 201002-31-0247367 (CE); 11701710 (EN) AB - Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethystilbestrol (DES) is known to induce ovary-independent persistent proliferation and cornification of vaginal epithelium. This irreversibly changed vaginal epithelium persistently expressed higher levels of c-jun and c-fos mRNAs, which was not altered by postpubertal estrogen. Sexual dimorphism was encountered in mouse pelvis and anococcygeus muscle. Postpubertal estrogen changed the shape of the pelvis to the female type and postpubertal androgen changed it to the male type. Neonatal exposure to DES and to the antiestrogen tamoxifen altered the developmental pattern of the pelvis, which contained lower concentrations of calcium and phosphorus than controls. The size of anococcygeus muscle was increased by postpubertal androgen but decreased by postpubertal estrogen. However, neonatal estrogen (DES) exposure permanently enlarged the anococcygeus muscle. Thus, neonatal treatment of mice with estrogen and antiestrogen results in irreversible changes in nonreproductive as well as reproductive structures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Iguchi, T AU - Fukazawa, Y AU - Bern, H A AD - Department of Biology, Yokohama City University, Japan. PY - 1995 SP - 79 EP - 82 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Estrogens KW - Muscles KW - Pelvis KW - Epithelium KW - Females KW - Sexual dimorphism KW - Mice KW - Sex hormones KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36316340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sex+hormones+on+oncogene+expression+in+the+vagina+and+on+development+of+sexual+dimorphism+of+the+pelvis+and+anococcygeus+muscle+in+the+mouse.&rft.au=Iguchi%2C+T%3BFukazawa%2C+Y%3BBern%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Iguchi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically based dose-response model for neurotoxicity risk assessment. AN - 77696605; 7486640 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikker, W AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 339 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Species Specificity KW - Research Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77696605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Biologically+based+dose-response+model+for+neurotoxicity+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in the design of preclinical safety evaluation programs for novel therapeutics used in neurologic diseases. AN - 77693834; 7486629 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Cavagnaro, J A AU - Liu, S AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 319 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Research Design KW - Nervous System Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- toxicity KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77693834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+the+design+of+preclinical+safety+evaluation+programs+for+novel+therapeutics+used+in+neurologic+diseases.&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+J+A%3BLiu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of mitigation of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity by ganglioside GM1 or vitamin E. AN - 77692164; 7486624 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ali, S F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 311 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - G(M1) Ganglioside KW - 37758-47-7 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - G(M1) Ganglioside -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neurotoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77692164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Lack+of+mitigation+of+methamphetamine-induced+neurotoxicity+by+ganglioside+GM1+or+vitamin+E.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low environmental temperatures or pharmacologic agents that produce hyperthermia decrease methamphetamine neurotoxicity in mice. AN - 77685921; 7486639 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ali, S F AU - Newport, R R AU - Holson, W AU - Slikker, W AU - Bowyer, J F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 338 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Cold Temperature KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Pentobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Hypothermia -- physiopathology KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Hypothermia, Induced KW - Neurotoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77685921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Low+environmental+temperatures+or+pharmacologic+agents+that+produce+hyperthermia+decrease+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity+in+mice.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BNewport%2C+R+R%3BHolson%2C+W%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of hyperthermia in amphetamine's interactions with NMDA receptors, nitric oxide, and age to produce neurotoxicity. AN - 77644445; 7486623 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 309 EP - 310 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Arginine KW - 94ZLA3W45F KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester KW - V55S2QJN2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Glutamic Acid -- metabolism KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology KW - Arginine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Arginine -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- physiology KW - Nitric Oxide -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Amphetamine -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide -- physiology KW - Fever -- physiopathology KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77644445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+hyperthermia+in+amphetamine%27s+interactions+with+NMDA+receptors%2C+nitric+oxide%2C+and+age+to+produce+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A fetal rat model of acute perinatal ischemia-hypoxia. AN - 77643407; 7486615 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Z AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 28 EP - 38; discussion 59-61 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified KW - 0 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Glutamate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.4.1.2 KW - Fatty Acid Synthases KW - EC 2.3.1.85 KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase KW - EC 4.1.2.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- metabolism KW - Glutamate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Fetus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Fatty Acid Synthases -- metabolism KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Death KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Glycolysis KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Citric Acid Cycle KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified -- metabolism KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- physiopathology KW - Brain Ischemia -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- metabolism KW - Brain Ischemia -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- pathology KW - Brain Ischemia -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77643407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+fetal+rat+model+of+acute+perinatal+ischemia-hypoxia.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of glutamine-enhanced glutamate release from slices and primary cultures of rat brain. AN - 77640652; 7486646 AB - Increased extracellular glutamate has been associated with a wide range of effects including production of neurotoxicity. Glutamine has previously been shown to cause increased release of glutamate from a variety of preparations. Extracellular central nervous system (CNS) glutamine levels are known to increase with neurotoxin exposures, hepatic failure, renal failure, head trauma or stroke. However, the action of glutamine to enhance the release of glutamate under nondepolarizing conditions has not been well studied. Since glutamine-mediated increases in extracellular glutamate are potentially of significance in cellular damage as a result of CNS insult, further examination of this phenomenon is important. Striatal and hippocampal slices or virtually neuron-free primary striatal glial cultures were employed in studies to further elucidate the mechanism(s) of glutamine-enhanced glutamate release. Elevated extracellular glutamine caused increased glutamate release in all three preparations. In hippocampal and striatal slices elevated glutamine caused an enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated [3H]catecholamine release equivalent to that produced by high concentrations (up to 100 microM) of exogenous glutamate. In both striatal slices and primary cultures kynurenate increased glutamate release in the presence of 500 microM glutamine, while kainate either had no effect or decreased glutamate levels in the presence of glutamine. Since several presynaptic modulators of release did not affect the glutamate release produced by glutamine in slices, vesicular release of glutamate from nerve terminals was probably not involved in the effects of the exogenous glutamine. The similarities between striatal slices and primary striatal cultures indicate that enzymatic conversion of glutamine to glutamate within glia may be an important factor in the glutamine-mediated elevation of extracellular glutamate levels. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Lipe, G W AU - Matthews, J C AU - Scallet, A C AU - Davies, D L AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 72 EP - 85; discussion 98-9 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Catecholamines KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Neurofilament Proteins KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Glutamine KW - 0RH81L854J KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Kynurenic Acid KW - H030S2S85J KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Kainic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Brain Stem -- metabolism KW - Catecholamines -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Kynurenic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- physiology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Neurofilament Proteins -- analysis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Neuroglia -- metabolism KW - Neuroglia -- cytology KW - Glutamine -- pharmacology KW - Astrocytes -- cytology KW - Glutamic Acid -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neuroglia -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77640652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+glutamine-enhanced+glutamate+release+from+slices+and+primary+cultures+of+rat+brain.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BLipe%2C+G+W%3BMatthews%2C+J+C%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BDavies%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment strategies for neuroprotective agents. AN - 77625201; 7486606 AB - Neurotoxicity may be defined as any adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system by a biological, chemical, or physical agent. Neurotoxic effects may be permanent or reversible, produced by neuropharmacological or neurodegenerative properties of a neurotoxicant, or the result of direct or indirect actions on the nervous system. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to assess neurotoxicity because of the complexity and diverse functions of the nervous system. Many of the relevant effects can be measured directly by neurochemical, neurophysiological, and neuropathological techniques, whereas, others must be inferred from observed behavior. Some neurotoxicological data can be derived directly from humans. Neurotoxicity in humans is most commonly measured by relatively noninvasive neurophysiologic and neurobehavioral methods that assess cognitive, affective, sensory, and motor function. For most toxicological assessments, however, it is necessary to rely on information derived from animal models. There are many approaches that can be used to assess neurotoxicity, including whole animal (in vivo) and tissue/cell culture (in vitro) testing. Neurotoxicity can be described at multiple levels of organization, including neurochemical, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral. An important aspect of neurotoxic endpoint evaluation involves risk assessment procedures. Risk assessment may be defined as an empirically-based process used to determine the probability that adverse or abnormal effects are associated with exposure to a chemical, physical or biological agent. Risk management, on the other hand, is the process that applies information obtained through the risk assessment process to determine whether the assessed risk should be reduced and, if so, to what extent. For chemicals such as neuroprotective agents and other drugs designed to provide therapeutic benefits, information concerning these benefits is considered during the risk management phase. The risk assessment process usually involves four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Neurotoxicity risk assessment models of the future may well include biomarkers of both effect and exposure as well as biologically-based mechanistic and pharmacokinetic considerations derived from both epidemiologic and experimental data. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikker, W AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology and Biometry, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 198 EP - 208; discussion 209 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Neurotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Nervous System Physiological Phenomena KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Nervous System -- pathology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77625201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+strategies+for+neuroprotective+agents.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative histological evaluation of neuroprotective compounds. AN - 77623205; 7486644 AB - The application of quantitative morphometric methods to neurotoxicology is a relatively recent endeavor, and appropriate techniques are still evolving. However, such methods are essential for subsequent use of neurohistological data in mathematical representations of the risk of exposure to neurotoxicants. It can be predicted that the same methods will also be of great utility in studies of the efficacy of neuroprotective drugs. When the neuropathological conditions to be prevented or reversed are best monitored by neurohistology, quantitative morphometry should be considered as the most direct means to demonstrate the efficacy of a neuroprotective agent. Initially, a decision to choose the most appropriate histological procedure must be made. The rationale for such decisions with regard to several common histochemical techniques was discussed. The appropriate stereological and statistical considerations to be addressed by the sampling strategy were also presented. It is anticipated that quantitative morphometric methods will play an increasingly important role in the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of neuroactive compounds. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, A C AD - Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 47 EP - 58; discussion 59-61 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Pyramidal Tracts -- cytology KW - Axons -- drug effects KW - Pyramidal Tracts -- drug effects KW - Axons -- ultrastructure KW - Mice KW - Brain -- cytology KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77623205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Quantitative+histological+evaluation+of+neuroprotective+compounds.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pro-oxidant effects of cross-linked haemoglobins explored using liposome and cytochrome c oxidase vesicle model membranes. AN - 77539259; 7575415 AB - The therapeutic use of cell-free haemoglobin as a blood substitute has been hampered by toxicological effects. A model asolectin (phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine) liposome system was utilized to study the pro-oxidant efficiency of several chemically modified haemoglobins on biological membranes. Lipid peroxidation, resulting from the interactions between haemoglobin and liposomes, was measured by conjugated diene formation and the maximal rates of oxygen uptake. Spectral changes gave insight into the occurrence of the ferryl iron species. The residual reactivity of oxidatively damaged haemoglobins with ligands during incubation with liposomes was assessed from rapid kinetic carbon monoxide-binding experiments. Liposomes in which cytochrome c oxidase was embedded show both haemoglobin and the enzyme to be oxidatively damaged during incubation. The functional state of cytochrome c oxidase was monitored in the presence and absence of a free radical scavenger. Once in contact, both unmodified and modified haemoglobins triggered and maintained severe radical-mediated membrane damage. Differences in the pro-oxidant activities among haemoglobins may be explained by either the differential population of their ferryl intermediates or disparate dimerization and transfer of haem into the membrane with subsequent haem degradation. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular determinants of haemoglobin interactions with a variety of biological membranes. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Rogers, M S AU - Patel, R P AU - Reeder, B J AU - Sarti, P AU - Wilson, M T AU - Alayash, A I AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20815, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 827 EP - 833 VL - 310 ( Pt 3) SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Liposomes KW - Oxyhemoglobins KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Phospholipids KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - asolectin KW - 69279-91-0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Carboxyhemoglobin KW - 9061-29-4 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carboxyhemoglobin -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Kinetics KW - Mitochondria, Heart -- enzymology KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Carbon Monoxide -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Oxyhemoglobins -- pharmacology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- chemistry KW - Hemoglobins -- pharmacology KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77539259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Pro-oxidant+effects+of+cross-linked+haemoglobins+explored+using+liposome+and+cytochrome+c+oxidase+vesicle+model+membranes.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+M+S%3BPatel%2C+R+P%3BReeder%2C+B+J%3BSarti%2C+P%3BWilson%2C+M+T%3BAlayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=310+%28+Pt+3%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):429-41 [7994366] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):399-413 [7994364] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):777-87 [7994400] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):923-31 [7994419] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):461-9 [7840650] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Apr 27;1248(2):135-42 [7748895] J Biol Chem. 1961 Jun;236:1680-8 [13787373] J Exp Med. 1969 May 1;129(5):925-34 [5778790] J Biol Chem. 1972 Feb 25;247(4):1338-9 [4334497] J Biol Chem. 1972 Jun 25;247(12):3783-91 [5033390] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Feb 14;375(3):477-82 [1122283] J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 25;252(20):6981-90 [198397] J Biol Chem. 1978 Apr 10;253(7):2386-91 [204647] Methods Enzymol. 1981;76:5-29 [7329272] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Apr 23;687(1):63-70 [7074106] Biochemistry. 1982 Nov 9;21(23):5901-9 [6817783] Biochem J. 1984 Jun 15;220(3):685-92 [6466294] Biochemistry. 1984 Jul 31;23(16):3715-21 [6089878] EMBO J. 1985 Sep;4(9):2365-8 [3000774] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 May 28;857(2):139-45 [3635413] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7280-4 [3478694] Eur J Biochem. 1987 Nov 16;169(1):1-8 [2445564] J Biochem Biophys Methods. 1988 Oct;17(2):143-54 [3216090] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990 Aug 15;281(1):163-9 [2383021] J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 5;265(25):14881-5 [1697581] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jan 30;1061(2):297-303 [1998698] J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 25;266(36):24698-701 [1761565] FEBS Lett. 1992 Jun 1;303(2-3):154-8 [1607013] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Oct;298(1):114-20 [1524419] Stroke. 1993 Jun;24(6):839-45; discussion 845-6 [8506555] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9285-9 [8415693] Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Dec 14;46(12):2299-305 [8274164] J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993 Nov;75(5):2224-33 [7508430] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 May 1;310(2):392-6 [8179324] Methods Enzymol. 1994;232:460-85 [8057875] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 21;1208(1):38-44 [8086437] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):443-55 [7994367] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavior of N-acylated daunorubicins in MDR1 gene transfected and parental cells. AN - 77576477; 7575653 AB - The substrate specificity of the P-glycoprotein (P-170), a multidrug transporter, was studied using N-acylated daunorubicin derivatives and four MDR1 cDNA transfected cell lines. Results showed that N-acetyl-daunorubicin is a substrate, but the longer fatty acid derivatives, N-octanoyl and N-dodecanoyl daunorubicins, are not. This conclusion was reached by flow cytometric drug uptake assay, cell proliferation assays, and confocal microscopy. It was concluded that the longer fatty acid derivatives interact with plasma membranes in a way that affected P-glycoprotein function. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Aszalos, A AU - Pine, P S AU - Pandey, R AU - Gottesman, M M AD - Division of Research and Testing, FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/07/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 07 SP - 889 EP - 892 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - 0 KW - Cyclosporine KW - 83HN0GTJ6D KW - Daunorubicin KW - ZS7284E0ZP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Drug Interactions KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cyclosporine -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - P-Glycoprotein -- genetics KW - P-Glycoprotein -- metabolism KW - Daunorubicin -- metabolism KW - Daunorubicin -- analogs & derivatives KW - P-Glycoprotein -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77576477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Behavior+of+N-acylated+daunorubicins+in+MDR1+gene+transfected+and+parental+cells.&rft.au=Aszalos%2C+A%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BPandey%2C+R%3BGottesman%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Aszalos&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-07&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased DT-diaphorase activity in transformed and tumorigenic pancreatic acinar cells. AN - 77578347; 7553613 AB - Pancreatic acinar cells from rats treated in vitro with 5-azacytidine and/or transfected with an activated c-H-ras demonstrated transformation and tumorigenic phenotypes. DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase) activity was determined in these non-tumorigenic (3AP) and tumorigenic cells (T3AP and T5AM). T5AM cells were those treated with 5-azacytidine and further treated with N'-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine. Higher levels of enzyme activity were found in transformed cells when compared to that in control cells (> 15-fold, 3AP cells; > 40-fold, T3AP cells; > 20-fold T5AM cells). In contrast, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was decreased in transformed cells (> 10-fold, 3AP cells; > 20-fold, T3AP cells; > 10-fold, T5AM cells). These studies demonstrated that pancreatic acinar cells are capable of undergoing alterations in enzyme activity patterns when transformed and that DT-diaphorase may be a good marker for malignant transformation. JF - Cancer letters AU - Hammons, G J AU - Warren, G J AU - Blann, E AU - Nichols, J AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AD - Office of Research, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/04/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 04 SP - 9 EP - 14 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) KW - EC 1.6.5.2 KW - NADH Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.6.99.3 KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Genes, ras KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Azacitidine -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Methylation KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - NADH Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- metabolism KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77578347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Increased+DT-diaphorase+activity+in+transformed+and+tumorigenic+pancreatic+acinar+cells.&rft.au=Hammons%2C+G+J%3BWarren%2C+G+J%3BBlann%2C+E%3BNichols%2C+J%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hammons&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-09-04&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asbestos related disease in the United States. AN - 77862282; 8684291 AB - In the United States workers are still exposed to asbestos, and particularly to chyrsotile, mainly in mines, in manufacturing of asbestos-containing products, and in construction, with the extent of exposure widely varying according to the job; familial exposure must also be taken into account. It is quite difficult to evaluate the entity of previous exposures, which have sometimes occurred 30-40 years ago. The risk furthermore varies according to the intensity of exposure and smoking habits. As far as allowed exposure levels are concerned, there is not homogeneity among the laws of different countries; above all it is no longer justifiable to regulate chrysotile differently than the amphiboles. JF - La Medicina del lavoro AU - Lemen, R A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 411 EP - 425 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0025-7818, 0025-7818 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Asbestosis -- epidemiology KW - Asbestosis -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77862282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.atitle=Asbestos+related+disease+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Lemen%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lemen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.issn=00257818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide analysis in food by MS. AN - 77851346; 8779425 JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Cairns, T AU - Baldwin, R A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 01 SP - 552A EP - 557A VL - 67 IS - 17 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77851346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Pesticide+analysis+in+food+by+MS.&rft.au=Cairns%2C+T%3BBaldwin%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Cairns&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=552A&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies predict cancer in exposed children? AN - 77774624; 8549469 AB - A key to the prevention of childhood cancer is the control of carcinogens to which children are exposed. The first step in this process is to identify those chemicals that are likely to cause cancer in children. The best way to identify carcinogens, today, is the use of the rodent lifetime cancer test--the bioassay. The test has vocal critics, but is adequately reliable if properly used. Perhaps the major criticism concerns the use of the maximum tolerated dose as the highest dose tested. Critics claim that this dose causes cellular killing. The resultant cellular proliferation "fixes" preexisting mutations that can lead to cancer. This occurs but in a small fraction of the tests, and the high dose is necessary to achieve statistical sensitivity. All human carcinogens have been shown, when properly studied, to be carcinogenic in rodents. Many human carcinogens were first shown to cause cancer in rodent tests. Regulators rarely ban chemicals that have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic. Further, most chemicals in use today have not been properly tested. The potential errors in the rodent cancer test seem small when compared to the errors in the economic projections of the effects of restricting chemicals. Although not perfect, the rodent cancer test, when used properly, can help protect our children, and us, from cancer. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rall, D P AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, DC 20015, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 173 EP - 175 VL - 103 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Rodentia KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77774624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Can+laboratory+animal+carcinogenicity+studies+predict+cancer+in+exposed+children%3F&rft.au=Rall%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Rall&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1309-16 [3629242] Cancer Res. 1990 Oct 15;50(20):6592-9 [2208121] N Engl J Med. 1991 Jan 24;324(4):212-8 [1985242] Br J Ind Med. 1955 Apr;12(2):81-6 [14363586] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 2):6415-51 [1933906] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 2):6470-91 [1933908] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Aug;19(2):207-13 [1516777] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1994 Apr;22(3):382-91 [8050633] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):791-800 [2029056] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese-induced reactive oxygen species: comparison between Mn+2 and Mn+3. AN - 77769476; 8581566 AB - Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, the deficiency or excess of which is known to cause neurotoxicity in experimental animals and man. The mechanism of action of Mn neurotoxicity is still unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate whether in vitro or in vivo exposure to Mn produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also sought to determine if a single injection of Mn produces changes in monoamines concentration in different regions of rat brain. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg, ip with either MnCl2 (Mn+2) or MnOAc (Mn+3) and were sacrificed 1 h after the dose was administered. Brains were quickly removed and dissected for neurochemical analysis. ROS were measured by a molecular probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and monoamines and their metabolites were measured by HPLC/EC. In vitro exposure to MnCl2 (1-1000 microM) produced dose-dependent increases of ROS in striatum whereas MnOAc produced similar increases at much lower concentrations (1-100 microM). In vivo exposure to MnOAc (Mn+3) produced significant increases of ROS in caudate nucleus and hippocampus, whereas MnCl2 (Mn+2) produced significant effects only in hippocampus. Concentrations of dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA) were not altered with acute injections of either MnCl2 or MnOAc. These data suggest that both divalent and trivalent manganese induce ROS, however, Mn+3 is an order of magnitude more potent than Mn+2. JF - Neurodegeneration : a journal for neurodegenerative disorders, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration AU - Ali, S F AU - Duhart, H M AU - Newport, G D AU - Lipe, G W AU - Slikker, W AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicology Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1055-8330, 1055-8330 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - Chlorides KW - Manganese Compounds KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - manganese chloride KW - QQE170PANO KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Manganese Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- metabolism KW - Chlorides -- pharmacology KW - Acetates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77769476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurodegeneration+%3A+a+journal+for+neurodegenerative+disorders%2C+neuroprotection%2C+and+neuroregeneration&rft.atitle=Manganese-induced+reactive+oxygen+species%3A+comparison+between+Mn%2B2+and+Mn%2B3.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BDuhart%2C+H+M%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BLipe%2C+G+W%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurodegeneration+%3A+a+journal+for+neurodegenerative+disorders%2C+neuroprotection%2C+and+neuroregeneration&rft.issn=10558330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral and neurochemical effects of chronic methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment in rhesus monkeys. AN - 77749767; 8551999 AB - Effects of chronic treatment with the putative serotonergic neurotoxicant MDMA were assessed in rhesus macaques using behavior in an operant test battery (OTB) designed to model aspects of time estimation, short-term memory, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. After an initial acute dose-response assessment, escalating doses of MDMA (0.10-20.0 mg/kg, im, twice daily, for 14 consecutive days at each dose) were administered, followed by three additional acute dose-response assessments. In general, tolerance to MDMA's acute effects was evident in all OTB tasks by the second week of repeated exposure to each individual MDMA dose and as doses escalated. Baseline OTB performance after chronic treatment was not significantly altered. Residual behavioral tolerance to MDMA's acute effects, however, was evident in all OTB tasks but was least pronounced in the motivation task. Monkeys were sacrificed (21 months after chronic treatment) and brains were dissected into several regions for neurochemical analyses. Serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were analyzed via HPLC. Although MDMA-treated monkeys tended to have lower 5-HT concentrations in the frontal cortex, chronic MDMA treatment had no significant effects on 5-HT concentrations in any brain area sampled. Hippocampal 5-HIAA concentration, 5-HT uptake sites, and turnover of 5-HT of MDMA-treated monkeys were significantly lower than control values. DA concentrations in the CN of MDMA-treated monkeys were significantly greater than control values. No significant effects on DA concentrations were noted in any other brain area sampled. The absence of significant decreases in 5-HT and the general increase in DA concentrations are dissimilar to neurochemical effects reported after a short course of MDMA treatment at relatively high doses. These data suggest that chronic administration of gradually increasing doses of MDMA results in long-lasting tolerance to the drugs acute effects on the complex brain functions modeled in the OTB. It is uncertain, however, if such tolerance is related to the observed decreases in uptake sites and turnover of 5-HT in the hippocampus of these monkeys. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Frederick, D L AU - Ali, S F AU - Slikker, W AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 531 EP - 543 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - 0 KW - Serotonin Agents KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- metabolism KW - Drug Tolerance KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Serotonin Agents -- pharmacology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77749767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+and+neurochemical+effects+of+chronic+methylenedioxymethamphetamine+%28MDMA%29+treatment+in+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal ethanol exposure in rats: long-lasting effects on learning. AN - 77746382; 8552000 AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet containing either 0% (group C), 18% (group L), or 36% (group H) ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from gestational day 1 to 20. Male offspring were assessed under a conditioned taste aversion paradigm (PND 35-45), in a complex maze (PND 68-80), and for operant behavior (temporal response differentiation and motivation to work for food, PND 140-198). Although conditioned taste aversion was fully acquired by all groups, retention of the conditioned taste aversion response was impaired in group H animals. Importantly, deficits in the acquisition of timing behavior were found in group H (group L not tested), confirming that this operant task is quite sensitive in detecting prenatal drug effects and demonstrating that neurological effects of prenatal ethanol exposure persist into late adulthood. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Clausing, P AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Holson, R R AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 545 EP - 552 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77746382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+ethanol+exposure+in+rats%3A+long-lasting+effects+on+learning.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral teratology and dominant lethal evaluation of nitrous oxide exposure in rats. AN - 77737823; 8552005 AB - Epidemiological studies have suggested that spontaneous abortion may be increased in medical personnel following the sort of chronic low-level exposure to the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) seen in surgical or dental operatories. These results are supported by some, but not all, animal studies, and results are less well established at low exposure levels. Behavioral effects in exposed animal offspring have also been observed, but again not in all studies. To further examine this problem, we conducted the present experiments. Adult male or female rats were exposed to trace concentrations of N2O (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% in air) for 6 h daily either throughout gestation (females) or for 9 weeks (males). Offspring from treated adults were subjected to an extensive behavioral test battery. There were no clear dose-response effects on any of eight behavioural tests for any offspring. Maternal and offspring weights were normal from conception through adulthood. Additionally, we studied effects of N2O on male fertility by mating treated males with untreated females and examining uterine contents. There was no evidence for a substantial decline in fertility of exposed males, although there was a small dose-related trend for resorptions to increase and live births to decrease with increasing paternal N2O exposure. There results suggest that there is little alteration in male or female fertility following chronic exposure to low levels of N2O. There are also no significant long-term behavioral alterations in offspring exposed gestationally to trace levels of N2O via dam or sire. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Holson, R R AU - Bates, H K AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Hansen, D K AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 583 EP - 592 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Nitrous Oxide -- toxicity KW - Genes, Dominant -- drug effects KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Genes, Lethal -- drug effects KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77737823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+teratology+and+dominant+lethal+evaluation+of+nitrous+oxide+exposure+in+rats.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BBates%2C+H+K%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B%3BHansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of migrants in and migration from nylon food packaging. AN - 77733477; 8522031 AB - A method was developed to determine the amount of residual oligomers in nylon food packaging. In addition, a method was developed to measure oligomers that migrate to a food-stimulating liquid (oil) during oven cooking conditions. It was found that the total amount of nylon 6/66 oligomers that migrated from an oven baking bag to oil after heating for 30 min at 176 degrees C was 15.5 micrograms/g (ppm) or 11.9 micrograms/cm2, which represented 43% of the total amount of oligomers present in the packaging material. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Begley, T H AU - Gay, M L AU - Hollifield, H C AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Product Manufacture and Use, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 671 EP - 676 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Nylons KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - coconut oil KW - Q9L0O73W7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Microwaves KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Plant Oils -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Food Contamination KW - Nylons -- analysis KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77733477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+migrants+in+and+migration+from+nylon+food+packaging.&rft.au=Begley%2C+T+H%3BGay%2C+M+L%3BHollifield%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative bioavailability of controlled-release oral morphine sulfate during naltrexone blockade. AN - 77705626; 8520812 AB - The effect of naltrexone hydrochloride on the bioavailability of 60 mg controlled-release oral morphine sulfate in normal volunteers was determined using a randomized, 2-way crossover, analytically blinded study design. Although naltrexone did not qualitatively alter the concentration-time curve for controlled-release morphine, the area under the plasma morphine concentration-time curve from 0-24 h (AUC0-24) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) for morphine given with naltrexone (265 ng x h/ml) than for morphine given alone (215 ng x h/ml). Compared to morphine given alone, the apparent absorption half-life of morphine was decreased from 0.94-0.58 h (p = 0.01) and Cmax was increased from 28.17 ng/ml to 32.26 ng/ml (p = 0.04) during naltrexone blockade, whereas the Tmax and apparent elimination half-life of morphine were not significantly affected. The minimal differences in morphine bioavailability indicate naltrexone may be useful in comparative bioavailability studies of high-dose opioids in opioid-naive normal volunteers. JF - International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Bashaw, E D AU - Kaiko, R F AU - Grandy, R P AU - Reder, R F AU - Goldenheim, P D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 524 EP - 529 VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0946-1965, 0946-1965 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - 0 KW - Narcotic Antagonists KW - Narcotics KW - Naltrexone KW - 5S6W795CQM KW - Morphine KW - 76I7G6D29C KW - Index Medicus KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Half-Life KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Pulse -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Biological Availability KW - Morphine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Morphine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- adverse effects KW - Naltrexone -- adverse effects KW - Naltrexone -- pharmacology KW - Narcotics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Narcotics -- administration & dosage KW - Morphine -- administration & dosage KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77705626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Relative+bioavailability+of+controlled-release+oral+morphine+sulfate+during+naltrexone+blockade.&rft.au=Bashaw%2C+E+D%3BKaiko%2C+R+F%3BGrandy%2C+R+P%3BReder%2C+R+F%3BGoldenheim%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Bashaw&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=09461965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Triprolidine: 104-week feeding study in rats. AN - 77695355; 8529817 AB - The antihistamine triprolidine hydrochloride, was fed at dietary concentrations of 0, 250, 1000, or 2000 ppm (as the free base) to groups of 60 Fischer 344 (F344) rats of each sex for up to 2 years to evaluate its potential carcinogenicity. Up to 12 per sex from each group were killed at 65 weeks, and hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology were evaluated. A complete histopathological evaluation was performed on all other animals; survivors were killed at 2 years. Survival was significantly extended in triprolidine-treated males and females, particularly at the high dose. At the close of the study high-dose males and females had gained significantly less body weight than controls. Among rats killed at 65 weeks females in the mid- and high-dose groups weighed significantly less than controls, but weights of control and dosed males were not significantly different. The incidences of numerous lesions tended to decrease with increasing triprolidine dose. In females, clitoral gland adenomas, thyroid c-cell hyperplasia and neoplasia, mammary gland hyperplasia and fibroadenomas, and uterine stromal polyps, and in males, anterior pituitary gland adenomas, preputial gland neoplasia, thyroid c-cell pancreatic islet neoplasia, mononuclear cell leukemia, and the combination of lymphocytic, histiocytic, and undifferentiated cell malignant lymphomas and mononuclear leukemia, all exhibited negative dose trends. Cytoplasmic alterations of the parotid gland and numerous liver lesions tended to be more frequent in treated than in control animals. Liver lesions that exhibited positive dose trends include chronic inflammation and centrilobular fatty change in both sexes, mixed cell foci, and the combination of mixed cell foci and eosinophilic foci in females, and in males, basophilic foci and eosinophilic foci. Triprolidine was not carcinogenic in F344 rats. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Greenman, D L AU - Sheldon, W AU - Schieferstein, G AU - Allen, R AU - Allaben, W T AD - Office of Associate Director for Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 223 EP - 231 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists KW - Triprolidine KW - 2L8T9S52QM KW - Methapyrilene KW - A01LX40298 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Thyroid Gland -- pathology KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Methapyrilene -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Triprolidine -- toxicity KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77695355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Triprolidine%3A+104-week+feeding+study+in+rats.&rft.au=Greenman%2C+D+L%3BSheldon%2C+W%3BSchieferstein%2C+G%3BAllen%2C+R%3BAllaben%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Greenman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of an N-acetyl keto derivative of fumonisin B1 in corn cultures of Fusarium proliferatum. AN - 77620511; 7494146 AB - A method is presented for the separation and identification of a new N-acetyl keto derivative of fumonisin B1 (FB1) produced in solid corn culture. Cultures of Fusarium proliferatum (M-1597) were purified using preparative hplc, and the new fumonisin was detected by negative-ion esms. Structures were confirmed by 1H- and 13C-nmr spectroscopy. The new fumonisin differs from FB1 in that the tricarballylic acid functionality at the C-15 position of the eicosane backbone is replaced by a ketone and the amino group is acetylated. Direct analysis of the culture material by negative-ion electrospray lc/ms confirmed that the new fumonisin is produced naturally by the fungus. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Musser, S M AU - Eppley, R M AU - Mazzola, E P AU - Hadden, C E AU - Shockcor, J P AU - Crouch, R C AU - Martin, G E AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 1392 EP - 1397 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Ketones KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Acetylation KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Ketones -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77620511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Identification+of+an+N-acetyl+keto+derivative+of+fumonisin+B1+in+corn+cultures+of+Fusarium+proliferatum.&rft.au=Musser%2C+S+M%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BMazzola%2C+E+P%3BHadden%2C+C+E%3BShockcor%2C+J+P%3BCrouch%2C+R+C%3BMartin%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1392&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of mechanistic and pharmacokinetic data for risk assessment at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). AN - 77577188; 7570667 AB - In summary, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) have been important contributors of data for hazard identification, including toxicological data as well as mechanistic and pharmacokinetic information. One of the factors that limits the use of knowledge is our lack of understanding of the animal test models currently in use. The underlying bases for regulatory controls that account for normal physiological functions are often not well understood. As a result, toxicological data tend to be used in an empirical manner rather than a manner based on mechanistic understanding. Continued testing of chemicals and random generation of data have their limits in improving our predictive abilities. Attention must be given to prioritizing studies on the basis of critical gaps in understanding that are needed to build knowledge bases in the future. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Schwetz, B A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 29 EP - 32 VL - 79 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Substances -- pharmacokinetics KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77577188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Use+of+mechanistic+and+pharmacokinetic+data+for+risk+assessment+at+the+National+Institute+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences+%28NIEHS%29.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo antimutagenic activity of beta-carotene in rat spleen lymphocytes. AN - 77574727; 7554082 AB - The anticarcinogenic effects of beta-carotene (BC) have been extensively investigated, but only in vitro assays have examined the ability of BC to modulate gene mutation. In view of the current interest in the provitamin as a cancer chemopreventive agent, and the association between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, we have dosed Fischer 344 rats with model carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and investigated the relationships among BC intake, its tissue accumulation, and antimutagen activity. Animals received drinking water supplemented with BC at doses of 0-0.25% ad libitum, using three dosing schedules. In one group BC dosing commenced before, and continued for three alternating weeks after i.p. injection of 100 mg ENU/kg; another group was given BC only after mutagen treatment. Animals from the first two groups were sacrificed 5 weeks post-mutagen treatment, and cells were isolated from the spleen to determine the frequency of 6-thioguanine- resistant (6-TGr) T-lymphocytes. The presence of BC caused a reduction in the frequency of 6-TGr T-cells produced by ENU, but the inhibition was non-linear within the range of BC doses used. BC intake only after mutagen treatment was more effective than the combination of pre- and post-mutagen intake. In the third group, rats were treated with 100 mg ENU/kg, and BC administration was continued at a fixed dose of 0.15% in the drinking water for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. Measurement of the frequency of 6-TGr T-cells at the end of the specified times showed > 50% reduction in ENU-mediated mutagenicity throughout the experiment. Analysis of BC levels in the liver and in the spleen following BC intake before and during mutagen exposure revealed higher levels than when BC was given only after mutagen treatment. Continuous intake of BC also showed increased tissue levels. There were some correlations observed between BC tissue levels and the antimutagenic effects for the first two groups, but these correlations were not statistically significant, possibly due to the small numbers of animals used. Taken together, the results demonstrate that intact BC is absorbed, stored, and exerted antimutagenic effects against a chemical carcinogen in rats without first being transformed to retinol in the gastrointestinal tract. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Aidoo, A AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Lensing, S AU - Bishop, M E AU - Wamer, W AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Genetic Toxicology Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 2237 EP - 2241 VL - 16 IS - 9 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Male KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77574727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=In+vivo+antimutagenic+activity+of+beta-carotene+in+rat+spleen+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BLensing%2C+S%3BBishop%2C+M+E%3BWamer%2C+W&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Green tobacco sickness: occupational nicotine poisoning in tobacco workers. AN - 77569205; 7574894 AB - In this study the authors describe the investigation of a 1992 outbreak of green tobacco sickness, a form of nicotine poisoning from dermal exposure, among 47 tobacco workers in a five-county region of central and south-central Kentucky. Cases were identified through medical record searches at participating hospitals, as well as from reports submitted to the Occupational Health Nurses in Agricultural Communities program. A case-control study was undertaken to assess risk factors for green tobacco sickness. In a 20-min telephone interview, 40 cases and 83 controls responded to questions contained in a questionnaire. In 1992, 47 persons (3 were under age 16 y) in the study region sought medical treatment for green tobacco sickness. Twelve persons were hospitalized and 2 required intensive-care treatment. The crude incidence in 1992 was 10.0/1,000 tobacco workers. In 1993, 66 cases (7 were under age 16 y) of green tobacco sickness were identified in the study region (i.e., annual incidence of 14.0/1,000). A case-control study demonstrated that ill workers were younger, and were more likely to have worked in wet conditions, compared with workers who were not ill. Green tobacco sickness is a common problem among tobacco workers that may be prevented by avoiding work in wet tobacco or by use of protective clothing. Children younger than 16 y of age represented 9% of the green tobacco sickness cases in 1992 and 1993. Current occupational safety and health laws do not address protection of tobacco workers with respect to green tobacco sickness. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Ballard, T AU - Ehlers, J AU - Freund, E AU - Auslander, M AU - Brandt, V AU - Halperin, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 384 EP - 389 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Kentucky -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Protective Clothing KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Nicotine -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77569205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Green+tobacco+sickness%3A+occupational+nicotine+poisoning+in+tobacco+workers.&rft.au=Ballard%2C+T%3BEhlers%2C+J%3BFreund%2C+E%3BAuslander%2C+M%3BBrandt%2C+V%3BHalperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic determination of yohimbine in commercial yohimbe products. AN - 77544163; 7549534 AB - The bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe [K. Schumann] Pierre (Rubiaceae), long valued as an aphrodisiac in West Africa, recently has been promoted in the United States as a dietary supplement alternative to anabolic steroids for enhancement of athletic performance. As the number of yohimbe products on the retail market increases, concerns about their safety are raised because of the reported toxicity of yohimbine (the major alkaloid of the plant). Although plant materials are usually identified microscopically, we were unable to identify them in many of the products, because as their labels indicated, the products were mixtures of various botanicals or were bark extracts and contained little or no plant material. A method for extraction and capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separation of the alkaloids of P. yohimbe was, therefore, developed and used to analyze a number of commercial yohimbe products. The method involved solvent extraction and partitioning in chloroform-water followed by separation on a methyl silicone capillary GC column (N-P detection). Comparisons of chromatograms of extracts of authentic bark with those of commercial products indicated that, although many products contained measurable quantities of the alkaloid yohimbine, they were largely devoid of the other alkaloids previously reported in this species. Concentrations of yohimbine in the commercial products ranged from < 0.1 to 489 ppm, compared with 7089 ppm in the authentic material. Authentic bark has been reported to contain up to 6% total alkaloids, 10-15% of which are yohimbine. The possible presence of undeclared diluents in the products was indicated by peaks in product chromatograms but not in those of authentic bark. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Betz, J M AU - White, K D AU - der Marderosian, A H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1189 EP - 1194 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Yohimbine KW - 2Y49VWD90Q KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Trees KW - Food Analysis KW - Food, Organic -- analysis KW - Yohimbine -- analysis KW - Yohimbine -- adverse effects KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77544163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic+determination+of+yohimbine+in+commercial+yohimbe+products.&rft.au=Betz%2C+J+M%3BWhite%2C+K+D%3Bder+Marderosian%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Betz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-site screening for benzene in complex environments. AN - 77529584; 7677068 AB - A technique is described for on-site screening of workplace atmospheres for benzene in the presence of many potentially interfering substances. The technique allows benzene monitoring with reasonable specificity at the part per million (ppm) level in confined spaces. A commercially available portable gas chromatograph (GC), shown in the laboratory to be capable of resolving benzene from a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, was compared in the field with other portable GCs, sorbent tube samples, and detector tubes. During three field evaluations samples were collected in Tedlar bags, which allowed replicate, on-site analyses by up to three portable gas chromatographs and three types of detector tubes. Additionally, replicate samples were collected from each bag onto charcoal tubes for subsequent laboratory analysis by capillary column flame ionization gas chromatography and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The portable GCs resolved samples to the extent that an integratable response with the retention time of benzene was seen. In some samples this response was not due solely to the presence of benzene, but such instances would overestimate the concentration and provide a more conservative result. The portable GCs had a total analysis time of less than 10 minutes and detected concentrations of benzene below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit of 1 ppm (in most samples, below 0.1 ppm, although the limit of quantitation was matrix dependent). While benzene concentration measurements using detector tubes were less precise, they agreed in almost every instance with the other techniques regarding whether the space was within the 1 ppm "safe for entry" concentration. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Burroughs, G E AU - Woodfin, W J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 874 EP - 882 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Ships KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77529584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=On-site+screening+for+benzene+in+complex+environments.&rft.au=Burroughs%2C+G+E%3BWoodfin%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Burroughs&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=874&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure of commercial pesticide applicators to the herbicide alachlor. AN - 77526115; 7677070 AB - Presented in this paper are the results of a pilot study to estimate the alachlor inhalation (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl] acetanilide) and skin exposures of commercial pesticide applicators, who apply a variety of herbicides and insecticides to crop land. Twenty applicators and seven hauler-mixers participated in the study. Inhalation exposures ranged from 0.32 to 6.4 micrograms/m3, with a geometric mean of 1.6 micrograms/m3. Alachlor deposition on clothing patches was highly variable, ranging from < 0.01 to 32.0 micrograms/cm2. The thigh patches generally received more deposition than patches in other areas. Surface-wipe and hand- and glove-wash samples also indicated that the hands frequently were exposed; alachlor concentrations in postshift handwash samples ranged from 3 to 324 micrograms/sample. The results of the study indicate that commercial pesticide applicators encounter substantial exposures to alachlor and that proper precautions for reducing exposures are not always followed. Practical steps, in particular the use of good work practices, may be taken to reduce exposures in this population. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Ringenburg, V AU - Biagini, R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 890 EP - 897 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Inhalation KW - Skin -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Pilot Projects KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77526115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Exposure+of+commercial+pesticide+applicators+to+the+herbicide+alachlor.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BRingenburg%2C+V%3BBiagini%2C+R&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=890&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological monitoring of commercial pesticide applicators for urine metabolites of the herbicide alachlor. AN - 77524465; 7677069 AB - Alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl] acetanilide), the active ingredient in several trade name herbicides, is absorbed through the skin and readily excreted in the urine as conjugated metabolites. This paper presents the results of a study to measure alachlor metabolites in the urine of commercial pesticide applicators who were applying alachlor to corn and soybean crops under normal work conditions. Three spot urine samples, collected at the beginning and end of the work shift and the morning after the exposure survey, were collected from 20 applicators, 7 hauler-mixers, and 8 controls. Each sample was analyzed using both a competitive, solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Although the urine metabolite concentrations measured by ELISA were consistently higher than the respective HPLC measurements, a high correlation (r = 0.90) was observed between the ELISA and HPLC measurements. The controls, with little exposure to alachlor, had metabolite levels below or near the lower limits of detection for each analysis technique. Similar urine metabolite concentrations were observed for the applicators and hauler-mixers, suggesting similar work exposures. The average postexposure urine concentrations were not correlated with the amount of alachlor handled and applied, suggesting that other factors, such as work practices, are greater determinants of absorbed doses of alachlor. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Biagini, R AU - Tolos, W AU - Henningsen, G AU - MacKenzie, B AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 883 EP - 889 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Herbicides KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Herbicides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetamides -- urine KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetamides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- urine KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77524465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Biological+monitoring+of+commercial+pesticide+applicators+for+urine+metabolites+of+the+herbicide+alachlor.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BBiagini%2C+R%3BTolos%2C+W%3BHenningsen%2C+G%3BMacKenzie%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental health risk communication: a case study of the Chattanooga Creek site. AN - 77520603; 7674664 JF - Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association AU - Tinker, T AU - Lewis-Younger, C AU - Isaacs, S AU - Neufer, L AU - Blair, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 343 EP - 349 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0040-3318, 0040-3318 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Tennessee KW - Communication KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Environmental Health KW - Health Education -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77520603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Tennessee+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Environmental+health+risk+communication%3A+a+case+study+of+the+Chattanooga+Creek+site.&rft.au=Tinker%2C+T%3BLewis-Younger%2C+C%3BIsaacs%2C+S%3BNeufer%2C+L%3BBlair%2C+C&rft.aulast=Tinker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Tennessee+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00403318&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of 13 acellular pertussis vaccines: overview and serologic response. AN - 77487931; 7659475 AB - To compare the immunogenicity of a licensed conventional whole-cell (WCL) and 13 diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines that differed in source, method of manufacture, and included antigens; all vaccines included diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Healthy infants were enrolled through six university-based vaccine and treatment evaluation units and were randomized to receive one of the study vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Sera were obtained before the first immunization and 1 month after the third immunization and were analyzed for antibody to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, pertactin, and diphtheria and tetanus toxins. Chinese hamster ovary cell toxin neutralization assays were performed, and levels of agglutinating antibodies were determined. Of 2342 infants enrolled, 1942 contributed usable preimmunization and postimmunization serum specimens. Each vaccine produced significant increases in antibodies directed against the included antigens; postimmunization antibody titers differed significantly among the DTaP vaccines. For each evaluated antigen, the majority of DTaP vaccines produced antibody responses that equaled or exceeded those produced by WCL. For some antigens (eg, PT), mean antibody levels by vaccine correlated poorly with the quantity of antigen included in each vaccine; for others (eg., fimbriae), there was a close correlation. Although serologic correlates of pertussis immunity are not defined, it is clear that DTaP vaccines can stimulate immune responses that exceed those of licensed whole-cell vaccine with respect to the measured antibodies. Particularly for PT, immunogenicity seems to depend on factors in addition to antigen concentration, possibly including antigen derivation and formulation. No DTaP was most or least immunogenic with respect to all included antigens. JF - Pediatrics AU - Edwards, K M AU - Meade, B D AU - Decker, M D AU - Reed, G F AU - Rennels, M B AU - Steinhoff, M C AU - Anderson, E L AU - Englund, J A AU - Pichichero, M E AU - Deloria, M A AD - Department of Pediatrics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 548 EP - 557 VL - 96 IS - 3 Pt 2 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Diphtheria Toxin KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Pertussis Vaccine KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella KW - Pertussis Toxin KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetanus Toxin -- immunology KW - Infant KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- immunology KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Hemagglutinins -- immunology KW - Fimbriae, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine -- immunology KW - Whooping Cough -- prevention & control KW - Whooping Cough -- immunology KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine -- therapeutic use KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77487931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+13+acellular+pertussis+vaccines%3A+overview+and+serologic+response.&rft.au=Edwards%2C+K+M%3BMeade%2C+B+D%3BDecker%2C+M+D%3BReed%2C+G+F%3BRennels%2C+M+B%3BSteinhoff%2C+M+C%3BAnderson%2C+E+L%3BEnglund%2C+J+A%3BPichichero%2C+M+E%3BDeloria%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3+Pt+2&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Pediatrics. 1996 Oct;98(4 Pt 1):800 [8885972] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diclofenac-associated hepatotoxicity: analysis of 180 cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration as adverse reactions. AN - 77479230; 7657288 AB - Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved in the United States in 1988 for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. To characterize the clinical, biochemical, and histological features and possible mechanisms of hepatic injury associated with its use, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of 180 patients whose cases were reported to the Food and Drug Administration from November 1988 through June 1991, as having had possible adverse reactions to diclofenac. Of the reported 180 cases, 79% were female, 71% were 60 years of age or older, and 77% had osteoarthritis. Sixty-seven percent of the cases were detected by symptoms and the remainder by abnormal laboratory tests. Seventy-five percent of the symptomatic patients (90 of 120) were jaundiced. Seven of the 90 icteric patients died. The biochemical pattern of injury was hepatocellular or mixed hepatocellular in 66% of cases. Only 8% had a pattern of cholestatic injury. The remainder, with modestly increased values of both transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, were considered "indeterminate," i.e., either mild hepatocellular or anicteric "cholestatic" injury. Sections of liver from 21 cases were available for study. Hepatic injury was apparent by 1 month after starting the drug in 24%, by 3 months in 63%, and by 6 months in 85% of cases. The latent period in 12% was 6 to 12 months, whereas in 3% it was greater than 12 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) AU - Banks, A T AU - Zimmerman, H J AU - Ishak, K G AU - Harter, J G AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington DC, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 820 EP - 827 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0270-9139, 0270-9139 KW - Diclofenac KW - 144O8QL0L1 KW - Transaminases KW - EC 2.6.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mortality KW - Humans KW - Liver Diseases -- enzymology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Transaminases -- metabolism KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Adult KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Diclofenac -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77479230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.atitle=Diclofenac-associated+hepatotoxicity%3A+analysis+of+180+cases+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration+as+adverse+reactions.&rft.au=Banks%2C+A+T%3BZimmerman%2C+H+J%3BIshak%2C+K+G%3BHarter%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=820&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.issn=02709139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of the upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examination for calculation of absorbed dose in tissue. AN - 77443271; 7635736 AB - In order to simulate the upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examination, modifications were made to the Monte Carlo radiation-transport code that uses the anthropomorphic, mathematical reference phantoms ADAM and EVA. A set of discrete x-ray field projections of the principal anatomy of clinical interest has been previously defined. This note describes the new features incorporated in the simulations--divergent beams in oblique irradiation geometries, an esophagus and a duodenum, a double contrast medium consisting of a BaSO4-H2O mixture and air in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and clinically representative beam qualities. The absorbed doses in tissues per unit entrance exposure (free-in-air) computed with the modified code appeared in Department of Health and Human Services Publication FDA 92-8282, Handbook of Selected Tissue Doses for the Upper Gastrointestinal Fluoroscopic Examination. A minor correction is described for the previously reported results for the esophagus. JF - Health physics AU - Stern, S H AU - Dennis, M J AU - Williams, G AU - Rosenstein, M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 391 EP - 395 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fluoroscopy KW - Humans KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Digestive System -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77443271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+the+upper+gastrointestinal+fluoroscopic+examination+for+calculation+of+absorbed+dose+in+tissue.&rft.au=Stern%2C+S+H%3BDennis%2C+M+J%3BWilliams%2C+G%3BRosenstein%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Preliminary Estimates from the 1994 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Advance Report Number 10. AN - 62657639; ED388744 AB - This report presents the first results from the 1994 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, showing trends since the 1970s and providing information to identify population groups for which prevention and treatment interventions could have greatest impact. These preliminary results indicate that the number of illicit drug users has not changed since 1992, a leveling that follows more than a decade of decline from the 1979 high. No change has been found in the number of weekly cocaine users, although the number of occasional users has declined. The rate of past-month alcohol use declined from 1979 to 1992, but since then the rate has increased slightly. In an average month in 1994, 6% of Americans aged 12 years and older used illicit drugs, with marijuana being the most commonly used, and 6.2% of the population had 5 or more drinks per occasion on 5 or more occasions. Adolescent marijuana use, declining from 1979 to 1992, has nearly doubled between 1992 and 1994. Heavy drinking remains most prevalent for those aged 18 to 21 and 22 to 25. These findings from a nationally representative sample point out the need for increased education and prevention efforts. Five appendixes present supplemental information about data collection and survey methodology, including 2 tables in Appendix 2 and 40 detailed tables in Appendix 5. (Contains 13 figures and 45 references.) (SLD) AU - Gfroerer, Joseph Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 132 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Racial Differences KW - National Surveys KW - Marijuana KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Prevention KW - Minority Groups KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Drug Education KW - Data Collection KW - Cocaine KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62657639?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Health hazard evaluation report HETA 93-1121-2530, State of North Dakota Department of Health and Consolidated Laboratories, Bismarck, North Dakota AN - 52283712; 2001-001115 AB - In response to a request from the North Dakota State Department of Health and Consolidated Laboratories, Division of Disease Control the potential occupational transmission of anthrax among livestock workers during an anthrax outbreak was investigated. Medical evaluations of farmers from livestock farms (SIC-0291) with anthrax outbreaks and from neighboring farms were conducted and environmental evaluations examining work practices, farm conditions, and soil, water, bedding and feed contamination were performed. No confirmed cases of human anthrax infection were documented; however, ten potentially exposed individuals received antibiotic treatment. Two of four soil samples cultured positive for Bacillus-anthracis as did one mixed sample of used bedding and soil. The farmers reported inconsistent hazard control procedures and a lack of knowledge about safe handling of potentially hazardous infected animals and carcasses. JF - Health hazard evaluation report HETA 93-1121-2530, State of North Dakota Department of Health and Consolidated Laboratories, Bismarck, North Dakota AU - Krake, A M AU - Connon, C L AU - Gomez, T M Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 29 VL - HETA-93-1121-2530 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - site exploration KW - pollution KW - chemical waste KW - Burleigh County North Dakota KW - North Dakota KW - controls KW - safety KW - bacteria KW - industrial waste KW - Bismarck North Dakota KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52283712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Krake%2C+A+M%3BConnon%2C+C+L%3BGomez%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Health+hazard+evaluation+report+HETA+93-1121-2530%2C+State+of+North+Dakota+Department+of+Health+and+Consolidated+Laboratories%2C+Bismarck%2C+North+Dakota&rft.title=Health+hazard+evaluation+report+HETA+93-1121-2530%2C+State+of+North+Dakota+Department+of+Health+and+Consolidated+Laboratories%2C+Bismarck%2C+North+Dakota&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number PB96-197611NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a possible association of urban air toxics and asthma. AN - 36367156; 201002-31-0247364 (CE); 11701707 (EN) AB - The prevalence of asthma, measured either as the frequency of hospital admissions or number of deaths attributed to asthma, has increased over the last 15 to 20 years. Rapid increases in disease prevalence are more likely to be attributable to environmental than genetic factors. Inferring from past associations between air pollution and asthma, it is feasible that changes in the ambient environment could contribute to this increase in morbidity and mortality. Scientific evaluation of the links between air pollution and the exacerbation of asthma is incomplete, however. Currently, criteria pollutants [SOx, NOx, O3, CO, Pb, particulate matter (PM10)] and other risk factors (exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, volatile organic compounds, etc.) are constantly being evaluated as to their possible contributions to this situation. Data from these studies suggest that increases in respiratory disease are associated with exposures to ambient concentrations of particulate and gaseous pollutants. Similarly, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, also a mixture of particulate and gaseous air toxics, has been associated with an increase in asthma among children. In addition, current associations of adverse health effects with existing pollution measurements are often noted at concentrations below those that produce effects in controlled animal and human exposures to each pollutant alone. These findings imply that adverse responses are augmented when persons are exposed to irritant mixtures of particles and gases and that current measurements of air pollution are, in part, indirect in that the concentrations of criteria pollutants are acting as surrogates of our exposure to a complex mixture. Other irritant air pollutants, including certain urban air toxics, are associated with asthma in occupational settings and may interact with criteria pollutants in ambient air to exacerbate asthma. An evaluation of dose-response information for urban air toxics and biological feasibility as possible contributors to asthma is therefore needed. However, this evaluation is compounded by a lack of information on the concentrations of these compounds in the ambient air and their effects on asthma morbidity and mortality. Through an initial review of the current toxicological literature, we propose a tentative list of 30 compounds that could have the highest impact on asthma and respiratory health. These compounds were selected based on their ability to induce or exacerbate asthma in occupational and nonoccupational settings, their allergic potential and ability to react with biological macromolecules, and lastly, their ability to irritate the respiratory passages. We recommend better documentation of exposure to these compounds through routine air sampling and evaluation of total exposure and further evaluation of biological mechanisms through laboratory and epidemiological studies directed specifically at the role these substances play in the induction and exacerbation of asthma. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Leikauf, G D AU - Kline, S AU - Albert, R E AU - Baxter, C S AU - Bernstein, D I AU - Buncher, C R AD - Department of Environmental Health, Physiology/Biophysics and Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45267-0056, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 253 EP - 271 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Asthma KW - Pollutants KW - Air pollution KW - Toxic KW - Toxicology KW - Biological KW - Criteria KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36367156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+possible+association+of+urban+air+toxics+and+asthma.&rft.au=Leikauf%2C+G+D%3BKline%2C+S%3BAlbert%2C+R+E%3BBaxter%2C+C+S%3BBernstein%2C+D+I%3BBuncher%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Leikauf&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides--how research has succeeded and failed to translate science into policy: endocrinological effects on wildlife. AN - 36345483; 201002-31-0247353 (CE); 11701696 (EN) AB - Toxicological research became institutionalized in the United States in response to society's concern about cancer and acute mortality. Driven by risk assessment, research focused on the need for data development and the standardization of testing for regulatory and management purposes in a reactive mode. Although the research community has provided evidence for over 40 years that a number of pesticides and industrial chemicals have disruptive effects on the endocrine system, little attention was given to the evidence when determining the health hazards of synthetic chemicals because of the fixation on cancer. However, recent findings concerning the effects of a number of widespread chemicals on the reproductive success and fertility of wildlife and humans has led to the call for a proactive approach using investigative research (forensic science). Suggestions are presented to modernize the research agenda of public health institutions to meet society's needs to address the problems of exposure to endocrine, nervous, and immune system disruptors. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Colborn, T AD - Wildlife and Contaminants Program, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 81 EP - 85 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Wildlife management KW - Endocrine systems KW - Policies KW - Forensic science KW - Standardization KW - Mortality KW - Fertility KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pesticides--how+research+has+succeeded+and+failed+to+translate+science+into+policy%3A+endocrinological+effects+on+wildlife.&rft.au=Colborn%2C+T&rft.aulast=Colborn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air toxics and asthma: impacts and end points. AN - 36337531; 201002-31-0247359 (CE); 11701702 (EN) AB - The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted a medical/scientific workshop focused on possible asthma/air toxics relationships, with the results of the NUATRC's first research contract with the University of Cincinnati as the point of discussion. The workshop was held at the Texas Medical Center on 4 February 1994 and featured presentations by distinguished academic, government, and industry scientists. This one-day session explored the impact of various environmental factors, including air toxics, on asthma incidence and exacerbation; an emphasis was placed on future research directions to be pursued in the asthma/air toxics area. A key research presentation on the association of air toxics and asthma, based on the study sponsored by NUATRC, was given by Dr. George Leikauf of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Additional presentations were made by H. A. Boushey, Jr., Cardiovascular Research Institute/University of California at San Francisco, who spoke on of the Basic Mechanisms of Asthma; K. Sexton, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who spoke on hazardous air pollutants: science/policy interface; and D. V. Bates, Department of Health Care and Epidemiology at the University of British Columbia, who spoke on asthma epidemiology. H. Koren, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and M. Yeung, of the Respiratory Division/University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, discussed occupational health impacts on asthma. Doyle Pendleton, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, reviewed air quality measurements in Texas. The information presented at the workshop suggested a possible association of asthma exacerbations with ozone and particulate matter (PM10); however, direct relationships between worsening asthma and air toxic ambient levels were not established. Possible respiratory health effects associated with air toxics will require considerably more investigation, especially in the area of human exposure assessment. Two major recommendations for future research resulted from this workshop and an accompanying NUATRC Scientific Advisory Panel meeting: a need for more complete individual personal exposure assessments so that accurate determinations of actual personal exposures to various pollutants can be made; and a need for field experiments utilizing biomarkers of exposure and effect to more accurately assess the extent and variability of the biological effects, if any, of individual air toxics. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eschenbacher, W L AU - Holian, A AU - Campion, R J AD - Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center, Houston, TX 77225-0286, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 209 EP - 211 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Asthma KW - Toxic KW - Toxicology KW - Workshops KW - Medical KW - Spokes KW - Assessments KW - Epidemiology KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Air+toxics+and+asthma%3A+impacts+and+end+points.&rft.au=Eschenbacher%2C+W+L%3BHolian%2C+A%3BCampion%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Eschenbacher&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of biologic markers to studies of environmental risks in children and the developing fetus. AN - 36336805; 201002-31-0247354 (CE); 11701697 (EN) AB - Young children and the developing fetus may be more susceptible to effects of environmental toxicants than adults due to differential exposure patterns and developmental immaturities. Biologic markers offer the potential of quantitative dosimeters of biologic dose and/or indices of biologic effect associated with fetal/childhood exposures. They can facilitate evaluation of interindividual variability in response and the magnitude of age-related susceptibilities. Thus far, biologic markers have not been widely used in developmental epidemiology of environmental exposures. Research by our group and others has seen elevations in biologic markers in samples from children and fetal tissue associated with a spectrum of environmental exposures, including tobacco smoke (active and passive), ambient pollution, and dietary contaminants. Studies also suggest that biologic markers can provide powerful dosimeters for investigating reproductive effects. Validation of biologic markers offering the greatest promise for developmental epidemiology is needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Whyatt, R M AU - Perera, F P AD - Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 105 EP - 110 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Biological effects KW - Markers KW - Children KW - Epidemiology KW - Dosimeters KW - Elevation KW - Tobacco KW - Ecological risk assessment KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36336805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+biologic+markers+to+studies+of+environmental+risks+in+children+and+the+developing+fetus.&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+R+M%3BPerera%2C+F+P&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor air pollution and childhood asthma: effective environmental interventions. AN - 36334503; 201002-31-0247362 (CE); 11701705 (EN) AB - Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the environments of children with asthma. However, the effectiveness of reducing asthmatic children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on the severity of their symptoms has not yet been systematically evaluated. Dust mite reduction is another helpful environmental intervention. This can be achieved by enclosing the child's mattresses, blankets, and pillows in zippered polyurethane-coated casings. Primary prevention of asthma is not as well understood. It is anticipated that efforts to reduce smoking during pregnancy could reduce the incidence of asthma in children. European studies have suggested that reducing exposure to food and house dust mite antigens during lactation and for the first 12 months of life diminishes the development of allergic disorders in infants with high total IgE in the cord blood and a family history of atopy. Many children with asthma and their families are not receiving adequate counseling about environmental interventions from health care providers or other sources. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Etzel, R A AD - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 55 EP - 58 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Asthma KW - Children KW - Smoke KW - Mites KW - Dust KW - Tobacco KW - Pollutants KW - Receiving KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36334503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Indoor+air+pollution+and+childhood+asthma%3A+effective+environmental+interventions.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral effects of developmental methylmercury exposure. AN - 36330236; 201002-31-0247363 (CE); 11701706 (EN) AB - Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental problem and is listed by the International Program of Chemical Safety as one of the six most dangerous chemicals in the world's environment. Human exposure to MeHg primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated food such as fish, although catastrophic exposures due to industrial pollution have occurred. The fetus is particularly sensitive to MeHg exposure and adverse effects on infant development have been associated with levels of exposure that result in few, if any, signs of maternal clinical illness or toxicity. High levels of prenatal exposure in humans result in neurobehavioral effects such as cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation. Prenatal exposure to MeHg in communities with chronic low-level exposure is related to decreased birthweight and early sensorimotor dysfunction such as delayed onset of walking. Neurobehavioral alterations have also been documented in studies with nonhuman primates and rodents. Available information on the developmental neurotoxic effects of MeHg, particularly the neurobehavioral effects, indicates that the fetus and infant are more sensitive to adverse effects of MeHg. It is therefore recommended that pregnant women and women of childbearing age be strongly advised to limit their exposure to potential sources of MeHg. Based on results from human and animal studies on the developmental neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, the accepted reference dose should be lowered to 0.025 to 0.06 MeHg microgram/kg/day. Continued research on the neurotoxic effects associated with low level developmental exposure is needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gilbert, S G AU - Grant-Webster, K S AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 135 EP - 142 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Human KW - Infants KW - Toxicity KW - Walking KW - Primates KW - Health KW - Low level KW - Fish KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36330236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+effects+of+developmental+methylmercury+exposure.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+S+G%3BGrant-Webster%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-specific oncogenesis: the genetics of cancer susceptibility. AN - 36330194; 201002-31-0247360 (CE); 11701703 (EN) AB - Cancer is considered to be a multifactorial disease in which a host cell is transformed from normal to malignant as a result of complex interactions of external (environmental) stimuli and cancer-predisposing or cancer-suppressing genes. Although certain chemical carcinogens and ionizing radiation are known to cause specific alterations at the level of the gene, other correlations are less clear. Not infrequently, cancer is found to aggregate in families in an apparently nonrandom fashion. It has been through the study of such families that our understanding of the genetic events leading to cancer has developed. Both common and rare tumors may occur together in familial-cancer families. Frequently, tumors occur at an earlier age than one would expect in the general population; often, multiple tumors of different organs develop in a particular affected family member. Recent advances in the genetics of familial cancer syndromes have led to the possibility to perform genetic testing on unaffected relatives who might carry a genetic defect that predisposes them to cancer. Complex ethical, social, and legal implications arise from these new technical advances. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Malkin, D AD - Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PY - 1995 SP - 37 EP - 39 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Genetics KW - Tumors KW - Genes KW - Ethics KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Stimuli KW - Organs KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36330194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Age-specific+oncogenesis%3A+the+genetics+of+cancer+susceptibility.&rft.au=Malkin%2C+D&rft.aulast=Malkin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding outrage: how scientists can help bridge the risk perception gap. AN - 36329998; 201002-31-0247355 (CE); 11701698 (EN) AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Blake, E R AD - Contra Costa County Health Services Department, Martinez, CA 94553, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 123 EP - 125 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Risk perception KW - Scientists KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Understanding+outrage%3A+how+scientists+can+help+bridge+the+risk+perception+gap.&rft.au=Blake%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating with the public on issues of science and public health. AN - 36324271; 201002-31-0247358 (CE); 11701701 (EN) AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carpenter, D O AD - Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health and School of Public Health, Albany 12201-0509, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 127 EP - 130 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Public health KW - Communicating KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Communicating+with+the+public+on+issues+of+science+and+public+health.&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+D+O&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Children--unique and vulnerable. Environmental risks facing children and recommendations for response. AN - 36322515; 201002-31-0247356 (CE); 11701699 (EN) AB - Children may be more susceptible to exposures to environmental toxins than adults and may be more vulnerable to their effects. Because of this, the health care community and those responsible for children need to be alert to possible environmental factors in identifying and responding to the health problems of children. Their focus should be on the causes of the health problem, emphasizing environmental sources, and not on simply treating the symptoms. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goldman, L R AD - Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 13 EP - 18 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Children KW - Health KW - Adults KW - Communities KW - Risk KW - Health care KW - Toxins KW - Exposure KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Children--unique+and+vulnerable.+Environmental+risks+facing+children+and+recommendations+for+response.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers and pediatric environmental health. AN - 36318075; 201002-31-0247361 (CE); 11701704 (EN) AB - It is now possible to identify biochemical and/or cellular changes in humans due to exposure to an environmental toxin. These changes are called biomarkers and are currently used in research studies to identify individuals exposed to specific toxic substances. Advances in the field of biomarker technology may have important implications for the detection, prevention, and treatment of certain diseases in children. This technology may enable physicians to screen children who have no clinically detectable illness for evidence of exposure to specific toxins. Such information could lead to implementation of preventive measures and development of new therapeutic strategies. However, several important issues, including potential adverse consequences resulting from the widespread use of this technology, must be considered prior to its utilization within a clinical setting. Leaders of the pediatric and public health communities should recognize the paucity of scientific data in the pediatric environmental health area, and new approaches to this important aspect of child health should be developed. This article will address several of the issues involved in pediatric environmental health and consider questions that should be answered as the potential for technology transfer becomes a reality. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lubin, B AU - Lewis, R AD - Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA 94609, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 99 EP - 104 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Children KW - Toxins KW - Cellular KW - Diseases KW - Toxic KW - Strategy KW - Communities KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+and+pediatric+environmental+health.&rft.au=Lubin%2C+B%3BLewis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lubin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Pesticide Metabolites in Human Urine Using an Isotope Dilution Technique and Tandem Mass Spectrometry AN - 1093448988; 17185620 AB - A method that measures 12 analytes in urine and reflects possible exposure to pesticides was developed. The sample preparation involves enzyme hydrolysis and solvent extraction through the use of laboratory robotics, followed by phase-transfer catalysis derivatization and silica cleanup. Samples are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry using an isotope dilution technique with 13C-labeled internal standards. The limit of detection is 1 A Delta *mg/L (1 part per billion) for most analytes, and most analytes have a linear response up to 100 A Delta *mg/L. The precision of the method is reflected in the variation observed in quality control materials over 33 months; the variation averaged 17% for these analytes. On the basis of the detectable analyte levels of unspiked urine samples collected from unexposed volunteers, this method can be used to measure the low levels necessary for establishing reference range values of the selected pesticides or metabolites. JF - Journal of Analytical Toxicology AU - Hill, Robert H AU - Shealy, Dana B AU - Head, Susan L AU - Williams, Cynthia C AU - Bailey, Sandra L AU - Gregg, Marianne AU - Baker, Samuel E AU - Needham, Larry L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, CA 30341-3724 Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 323 EP - 329 PB - Preston Publications, Inc., 6600 W. Touhy Ave. Niles IL 60714 United States VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Isotopes KW - Solvents KW - Enzymes KW - Metabolites KW - Hydrolysis KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Silica KW - Gas chromatography KW - Urine KW - Quality control KW - Pesticides KW - robotics KW - Catalysis KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093448988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Pesticide+Metabolites+in+Human+Urine+Using+an+Isotope+Dilution+Technique+and+Tandem+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Hill%2C+Robert+H%3BShealy%2C+Dana+B%3BHead%2C+Susan+L%3BWilliams%2C+Cynthia+C%3BBailey%2C+Sandra+L%3BGregg%2C+Marianne%3BBaker%2C+Samuel+E%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oup/jat/1995/00000019/00000005/art00010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Solvents; Enzymes; Metabolites; Hydrolysis; Mass spectroscopy; Silica; Urine; Gas chromatography; Quality control; Pesticides; robotics; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MPTP- and MPP(+)-induced effects on body temperature exhibit age- and strain-dependence in mice. AN - 77574691; 8542303 AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is toxic toward the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system of a plethora of species including rodents, nonhuman primates and humans. The present study was designed to evaluate if systemic administration of MPTP or its metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), has significant effects on body temperature (BT) and whether such effects might play a role in the neurotoxicity. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of either MPTP (50 mg/kg) or MPP+ (12.5 mg/kg) leads to a decrease in BT in both C57BL/6N (C57) and CD-1 mice. The hypothermia induced by MPTP can be blocked by pretreatment with deprenyl (30 mg/kg, i.p.), an MAO-B inhibitor. However, the hypothermia elicited by MPP+ is refractive to MAO-B inhibition. These findings suggest that MPP+ is responsible for the BT reduction and that the primary site of action lies outside the blood-brain barrier. An initial hyperthermic phase in the CD-1 mice, which leads to the induction of heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) throughout the brain, differentiates their response to MPTP from that of C57 mice. This initial hyperthermia appears to be protective since its prevention by dosing at a low ambient temperature enhances striatal dopamine (DA) depletion in CD-1 mice. The temperature effects of both MPTP and MPP+ also display an age-dependence in the C57 strain of mice, with the magnitude of the effects correlating positively with age. However, profound hypothermia could be induced by MPP+ in the absence of striatal DA depletion. The latter finding suggests that while a positive correlation was found between age and the magnitude of the hypothermia, DA depletion and hypothermia are not causally related. The apparent protective effect of the initial hyperthermia in the CD-1 strain of mice, however, suggests that BT is an important parameter in the neurotoxicity of MPTP. JF - Brain research AU - Freyaldenhoven, T E AU - Ali, S F AU - Hart, R W AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/08/07/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Aug 07 SP - 161 EP - 170 VL - 688 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Selegiline KW - 2K1V7GP655 KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium KW - R865A5OY8J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Selegiline -- pharmacology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Dopamine Agents -- toxicity KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium -- toxicity KW - MPTP Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77574691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=MPTP-+and+MPP%28%2B%29-induced+effects+on+body+temperature+exhibit+age-+and+strain-dependence+in+mice.&rft.au=Freyaldenhoven%2C+T+E%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Freyaldenhoven&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-08-07&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of triphenylmethane dyes: application to confirmation of malachite green in incurred catfish tissue. AN - 77592986; 7493085 AB - Eight triphenylmethane dyes (malachite green, leucomalachite green, gentian violet, leucogentian violet, brilliant green, pentamethyl gentian violet, N',N'-tetramethyl gentian violet and N',N"-tetramethyl gentian violet) have been characterized by particle beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The electron ionization spectra obtained of these dyes by this technique exhibit similar fragmentation, with the formation of phenyl and substituted phenyl radicals, and loss of alkyl groups from the amines. It was observed that the six cationic dyes are reduced in the mass spectrometer source to form the corresponding leuco compounds. This technique was evaluated for the confirmation of malachite green and leucomalachite green in incurred catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) muscle tissue. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Roybal, J E AU - Rupp, H S AU - Hurlbut, J A AU - Long, A R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087, USA. Y1 - 1995/08/04/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Aug 04 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 670 IS - 1 SN - 1572-6495, 1572-6495 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ictaluridae KW - Food Contamination KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77592986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.atitle=Particle+beam+liquid+chromatography-mass+spectrometry+of+triphenylmethane+dyes%3A+application+to+confirmation+of+malachite+green+in+incurred+catfish+tissue.&rft.au=Turnipseed%2C+S+B%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BRupp%2C+H+S%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Turnipseed&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-08-04&rft.volume=670&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.issn=15726495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency response of portable PEF meters. AN - 85268498; pmid-7633729 AB - Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is a dynamic parameter and therefore requires a measuring device with a high-frequency response. This study evaluated the frequency-response characteristics of eight commercially available PEF meters, using simulated forced-expiratory maneuvers with a computer-controlled mechanical pump. Three different PEF levels were used (200, 400, and 600 L/min) at six levels of harmonic-frequency content similar to those observed in human subjects. For waveforms with higher frequency content (at the high end or above the physiologic range), the Assess, Vitalograph, Pocket Peak, and Spir-O-Flow PEF meters all overread PEF (greater than 15% difference from target values) at all three PEF levels. These results suggest that the frequency response of PEF meters is an important consideration in the selection of such meters and should be included in device requirements. The current practice of using various levels of American Thoracic Society (ATS) waveform 24 with its low-frequency content may not adequately evaluate the frequency characteristics of PEF meters. An upper range (5% of the fundamental frequency) of 12 Hz, within the range observed in normal subjects, appears to be more practical than an upper limit of 20 Hz. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Hankinson, J L AU - Das, M K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 702 EP - 706 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Equipment Design KW - Evaluation Studies KW - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Computers KW - Human KW - Calibration KW - Forced Expiratory Flow Rates KW - Oscillometry KW - Peak Expiratory Flow Rate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85268498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Frequency+response+of+portable+PEF+meters.&rft.au=Hankinson%2C+J+L%3BDas%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Hankinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=702&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure-response analysis of mortality among coal miners in the United States. AN - 77855414; 8585515 AB - The quantitative relationship between exposure to respirable coal mine dust and mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was investigated in a study of 8,878 working male coal miners who were medically examined from 1969 to 1971 and followed to 1979. Exposure-related mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards modeling for underlying or contributing causes of death and modified lifetable methods for underlying causes. For pneumoconiosis mortality, the lifetable analyses showed increasing standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with increasing cumulative exposure category. Significant exposure-response relationships for mortality from pneumoconiosis (p < 0.001) and from chronic bronchitis or emphysema (p < 0.05) were observed in the proportional hazards models after controlling for age and smoking. No exposure-related increases in lung cancer or stomach cancer were observed. Pneumoconiosis mortality was found to vary significantly by the rank of coal dust to which miners were exposed. Miners exposed at or below the current U.S. coal dust standard of 2 mg/m3 over a working lifetime, based on these analyses, have an elevated risk of dying from pneumoconiosis or from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kuempel, E D AU - Stayner, L T AU - Attfield, M D AU - Buncher, C R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 167 EP - 184 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Coal Mining KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77855414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure-response+analysis+of+mortality+among+coal+miners+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+E+D%3BStayner%2C+L+T%3BAttfield%2C+M+D%3BBuncher%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 1996 Nov;30(5):642 [8909615] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug-induced circling preference in rats. Correlation with monoamine levels. AN - 77783972; 8561958 AB - Drugs of abuse, such as phencyclidine (PCP), methamphetamine (METH), and cocaine (COC) are known to affect several behaviors in rats, such as motor activity, stereotypy, and circling. In this study, we evaluated whether these drugs produce circling preferences in the presence or absence of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesions of the caudate nucleus. Adult male CD rats were lesioned with 10 micrograms 6-OHDA/site. Animals were dosed with PCP (15 mg/kg, ip) its congener (+) MK-801 (0.15 mg/kp, ip), METH (2 mg/kg, ip) COC (60 mg/kp, ip), or apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg, ip). Circling preference was recorded in control and lesioned rats for 2 h before animals were sacrificed to determined monoamine levels by HPLC/EC. In control animals, administration of these drugs produced 60-70% left circling. In lesioned animals, these drugs produced 78-90% ipsilateral (toward the lesion) circling, except apomorphine, which produced 60-80% contralateral (away from the lesion) circling. Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations significantly decreased ipsilaterally in lesioned caudate nucleus (CN) and substantia nigra (SN). However, no significant changes were observed in nucleus accumbens (NA) and olfactory tubercles (OT). These data demonstrate that drugs of abuse like PCP, its congener (+) MK-801, METH, and COC produce a greater preference to turn toward the left than the right, a finding similar to that found in human psychosis. Since 6-OHDA lesions enhanced the circling bias and depleted DA and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA, it also suggests that the dopaminergic system may be involved in the circling behavior. JF - Molecular neurobiology AU - Ali, S F AU - Kordsmeier, K J AU - Gough, B AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 145 EP - 154 VL - 11 IS - 1-3 SN - 0893-7648, 0893-7648 KW - Biogenic Amines KW - 0 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Oxidopamine KW - 8HW4YBZ748 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - Apomorphine KW - N21FAR7B4S KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Organ Specificity KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Oxidopamine -- toxicity KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Male KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Apomorphine -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Phencyclidine -- pharmacology KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Stereotyped Behavior -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Substantia Nigra -- metabolism KW - Biogenic Amines -- metabolism KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77783972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+neurobiology&rft.atitle=Drug-induced+circling+preference+in+rats.+Correlation+with+monoamine+levels.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BKordsmeier%2C+K+J%3BGough%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+neurobiology&rft.issn=08937648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quick estimate of the regulatory virtually safe dose based on the maximum tolerated dose for rodent bioassays. AN - 77615422; 7494904 AB - With a limited subset of National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) bioassays, Gaylor (Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 9, 101-108, 1989) showed that the regulatory virtually safe dose (VSD), corresponding to an estimated lifetime cancer risk of less than 10(-6), could be estimated within a factor of 10 simply by dividing the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), estimated from the results of a 90-day study, by 380,000. The purpose of this current study was to extend the analysis to all carcinogens in the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) utilizing the TD50 (average daily dose rate in mg/kg body wt/day that was estimated to halve the probability of remaining tumor-free at a specified tissue site throughout a 2-year study). Using the relationship between the upper bound on the low-dose slope (q1*) and the TD50 reported by Krewski et al. (Risk Anal. 13, 383-398, 1993) and the ratio of the maximum dose tested (Max-D)/TD50 obtained in our present analysis, an estimate of the regulatory VSD was given by the MTD/740,000, for NCI/NTP rodent carcinogens. This was about a factor of two lower than the limited analysis conducted by Gaylor. There was little difference when the chemicals were divided into mutagens and nonmutagens. Ninety-six percent (134 of the 139 NCI/NTP rodent carcinogens) of the regulatory VSDs calculated from the individual TD50s obtained from the 2-year bioassays were within a factor of 10 of the MTD/740,000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Gold, L S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 57 EP - 63 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Biological Assay -- standards KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77615422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Quick+estimate+of+the+regulatory+virtually+safe+dose+based+on+the+maximum+tolerated+dose+for+rodent+bioassays.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BGold%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the MVK stochastic carcinogenesis model with Erlang distributed cell life lengths. AN - 77589968; 7480949 AB - This paper proposes extending the MVK carcinogenesis model by adopting the Erlang distribution for the life length of the intermediate cells. The investigation concentrates on the survival function and the mean value functions. The approach is basically numerical, making use of the Mathematica software system. The paper also provides a closed form expression for the survival function for a variation of the original MVK model, where all the model parameters are piecewise constants. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Zheng, Q AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 495 EP - 502 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Cell Survival KW - Cell Division KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77589968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=On+the+MVK+stochastic+carcinogenesis+model+with+Erlang+distributed+cell+life+lengths.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotoxicity modeling for risk assessment. AN - 77587704; 7494899 AB - The setting of acceptable exposure levels for neurotoxicants has followed the traditional approach of dividing experimental no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAELs) by safety/uncertainty factors. NOAELs are believed by many toxicologists to represent levels having zero or negligible risk, while uncertainty factors are used to account for a number of sources of variation. Although the use of NOAELs in this manner has been criticized because of their imprecise quantitative definition, NOAELs for nonquantal neurotoxic effects have not been replaced by more precisely defined quantities (e.g., benchmark doses), partly due to the absence of a generally accepted methodology for attaching specific risk levels to low exposures. The present paper describes a quantitative approach to modeling nonquantal neurotoxic effects for risk assessment, which can be used to obtain results similar to the familiar results obtained in risk assessment for carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity. The steps involved in implementing the process are discussed, with particular attention being given to the critical step of defining an adverse neurologic effect. An experimental data set is used to illustrate the methodology. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Assessment KW - Toxicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Central Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Models, Neurological KW - Toxicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77587704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Neurotoxicity+modeling+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Placental transfer and fetal disposition of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in the rhesus monkey. AN - 77582413; 7493557 JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Binienda, Z AU - Lipe, G AU - Rose, L M AU - Parker, W B AU - Ali, S F AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 881 EP - 884 VL - 23 IS - 8 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phosphorylation KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zalcitabine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fetus -- metabolism KW - Didanosine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77582413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Placental+transfer+and+fetal+disposition+of+2%27%2C3%27-dideoxycytidine+and+2%27%2C3%27-dideoxyinosine+in+the+rhesus+monkey.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+J+A%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BLipe%2C+G%3BRose%2C+L+M%3BParker%2C+W+B%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of tacrine in primary hepatocytes isolated from B6C3F1 mice and aged ad libitum and calorie restricted Fischer 344 rats. AN - 77539185; 7565897 AB - Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine; THA), a reversible centrally acting anticholinesterase, has been shown to be potentially useful for treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, currently available forms of THA may be therapeutically limited by the fact that high doses have resulted in liver and kidney damage. To determine if THA is hepatotoxic via a genotoxic mechanism, we evaluated its ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary cultures of rodent hepatocytes. Positive dose-dependent increases in UDS were observed in hepatocytes derived from male B6C3F1 mice and from young, middle-aged, old, and old Aroclor-induced (ARO) male F344 rats maintained on either an ad libitum (AL) or a caloric restricted (CR) diet (60% of AL) and exposed to 0.05-1000.0 micrograms/ml of THA. Hepatocytes from old AL rats, treated with THA, exhibited significant age-related decreases in DNA repair compared to young and middle-aged AL rats. By contrast, cultures from CR rats exhibited age- and diet-related decreases in UDS from the AL and young CR animals, respectively. Moreover, ARO-induced old AL- and CR-derived hepatocytes exhibited significant increases in UDS compared to uninduced old AL and CR animals. No cytotoxicity was observed in the uninduced old AL- or any CR-derived hepatocytes. These data indicate that the aged and CR fed animal is less susceptible to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of THA; while the younger AL fed and enzyme induced old AL or CR fed animals were more susceptible. The data suggest that THA may be a genotoxic rodent carcinogen. At present, the relationship of these findings to the clinical use of THA are unclear and further study is required. JF - Mutation research AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Feuers, R J AU - Chou, M W AU - Swenson, D H AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 344 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Tacrine KW - 4VX7YNB537 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - DNA Repair KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Energy Intake KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Tacrine -- toxicity KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Aging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77539185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+tacrine+in+primary+hepatocytes+isolated+from+B6C3F1+mice+and+aged+ad+libitum+and+calorie+restricted+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Shaddock%2C+J+G%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BSwenson%2C+D+H%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shaddock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amphetamine levels in brain microdialysate, caudate/putamen, substantia nigra and plasma after dosage that produces either behavioral or neurotoxic effects. AN - 77446313; 7636721 AB - Extracellular levels of d-amphetamine (AMPH) in caudate/putamen were determined using microdialysis and HPLC quantitation after s.c. doses that produced increased motor activity (1 mg/kg), stereotypic behavior (2.5 mg/kg) or dopamine depletion in the caudate/putamen (4 x 5 mg/kg). In 6-mo-old rats exposed to neurotoxic doses of AMPH sulfate (4 x 5 mg/kg in a 23 degrees C environment), extracellular caudate/putamen AMPH rose to levels of 7.9 +/- 0.9 microM after the first dose and peaked at 15.1 +/- 2.5 microM after the third dose with no further increases after the fourth dose. After one or three doses of 5 mg/kg, peak plasma and tissue levels of AMPH were 1.7 +/- 0.2 and 2.9 +/- 0.3 microM in plasma, 36 +/- 6 and 73 +/- 10 in substantia nigra and 25 +/- 4 and 50 +/- 8 in caudate/putamen, respectively. Caudate/putamen extracellular AMPH levels were about three times higher (in either 6- or 12-mo-old rats) after 4 x 15 mg/kg in a 10 degrees C environment and tissue levels in caudate/putamen and substantia nigra were three to five times higher after three doses of AMPH. However, these higher levels did not produce dopamine depletion in the caudate/putamen, while the lower doses (4 x 5 mg/kg) given at 23 degrees C did. Estimated caudate/putamen extracellular AMPH levels of 2.5 to 5 microM after single doses (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) that caused hyperactivity and stereotypic behavior are compatible with the 2 to 10 microM AMPH concentrations reported to be necessary to produce pronounced dopamine release in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Clausing, P AU - Gough, B AU - Holson, R R AU - Slikker, W AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 614 EP - 621 VL - 274 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Index Medicus KW - Substantia Nigra -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Putamen -- metabolism KW - Stereotyped Behavior -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Dextroamphetamine -- toxicity KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77446313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Amphetamine+levels+in+brain+microdialysate%2C+caudate%2Fputamen%2C+substantia+nigra+and+plasma+after+dosage+that+produces+either+behavioral+or+neurotoxic+effects.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BGough%2C+B%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary restriction on glutathione S-transferase activity specific toward aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide. AN - 77415031; 7624894 AB - Dietary restriction (DR) reduced the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats. This reduction may be attributed to the decrease of cytochrome P-450-mediated AFB1 epoxidation and/or increase in the detoxification of AFB1 catalyzed by hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) and other phase II detoxification enzymes. In this study the effect of DR on male rat liver cytosolic GST activity toward AFB1-8,9-epoxide was studied. The chemically-synthesized AFB1-8,9-epoxide was used as the substrate in this assay, and the formation of AFB1-GSH conjugate was analyzed by HPLC. Male Fischer 344 rats fed DR diets (60% of the food consumption of ad libitum (AL)-fed rats) showed a 2.4-fold increase in GST activity when AFB1-epoxide was used as the substrate. The results from the enzyme kinetic study showed that DR increased Vmax of the liver cytosolic GST but not the Km. Acute DR has little or no impact on GST activity when 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene were used as substrates. The mouse liver GST activity toward AFB1-epoxide was 3-fold greater than that of phenobarbital-induced rats, 4.5-fold greater than DR rats, and 14.7-fold greater than the GST activity of AL rats. This direct assay of liver GST activity using AFB1-epoxide as the substrate is useful for studying AFB1-induced biomarkers, such as AFB1-GSH conjugation and AFB1-DNA adducts. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Chen, W AU - Nichols, J AU - Zhou, Y AU - Chung, K T AU - Hart, R W AU - Chou, M W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 235 EP - 243 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - aflatoxin B1-2,3-oxide KW - 42583-46-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Cytosol -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation -- drug effects KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Male KW - Catalysis KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analogs & derivatives KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77415031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+restriction+on+glutathione+S-transferase+activity+specific+toward+aflatoxin+B1-8%2C9-epoxide.&rft.au=Chen%2C+W%3BNichols%2C+J%3BZhou%2C+Y%3BChung%2C+K+T%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BChou%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypermagnesemia. Elderly over-the-counter drug users at risk. AN - 77410660; 7620603 AB - We present a case of magnesium toxic effects that demonstrates the wide spectrum of associated clinical signs and symptoms. As shown by the case report, the literature review, and the MEDWATCH database, physicians frequently neglect to consider hypermagnesemia in the differential diagnosis of this clinical presentation. Abnormal renal function is a well-known risk factor for the development of hypermagnesemia. This case report highlights several associated nonrenal risk factors for hypermagnesemia, which include age, gastrointestinal tract disease, and administration of concomitant medications, particularly those with anticholinergic and narcotic effects. This case report also demonstrates how consumers may misuse magnesium-containing over-the-counter drug products. In addition, physicians may not inquire about and patients may not volunteer over-the-counter medications in a complete drug history. However, the morbidity associated with hypermagnesemia as well as its reversibility make it an important diagnostic consideration for elderly patients with gastrointestinal tract disease, regardless of renal function. For easy reference for both consumers and health-care personnel, we provide a list of over-the-counter drug products that contain significant amounts of magnesium. JF - Archives of family medicine AU - Fung, M C AU - Weintraub, M AU - Bowen, D L AD - Office of Over-the-Counter Drug Evaluation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - August 1995 SP - 718 EP - 723 VL - 4 IS - 8 SN - 1063-3987, 1063-3987 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - 0 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Overdose -- therapy KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Age Factors KW - Drug Overdose -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Female KW - Drug Overdose -- diagnosis KW - Magnesium -- blood KW - Magnesium -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77410660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+family+medicine&rft.atitle=Hypermagnesemia.+Elderly+over-the-counter+drug+users+at+risk.&rft.au=Fung%2C+M+C%3BWeintraub%2C+M%3BBowen%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+family+medicine&rft.issn=10633987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Fam Med. 1996 Jun;5(6):323; author reply 324 [8640318] Arch Fam Med. 1996 Jun;5(6):323-4 [8640319] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shelf life of modified-atmosphere-packaged fresh tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration and temperature-abuse conditions AN - 16054454; 4101983 AB - We investigated the shelf life of fresh Tilapia spp. fillets packaged in high-barrier film under both 100% air and a modified atmosphere (MA) of 75% CO sub(2):25% N sub(2), and stored under refrigeration (4 degree C) and abuse temperatures (8 and 16 degree C). The chemical spoilage indicators trimethylamine, K-value, and surface pH, as well as microbial counts, were compared with the sensory characteristics of spoilage. For fillets packaged under 100% air, the shelf life was 9 to 13 days at a storage temperature of 4 degree C, but decreased to 3 to 6 days at 16 degree C. However, the shelf life of MA-packaged fillets stored at 4 degree C increased to >25 days when the lag phase and generation time of the bacteria were extended. MA-packaged fillets stored under temperature-abuse conditions (8 and 16 degree C) had a shorter shelf life. The trimethylamine content associated with onset of sensory spoilage for MA-packaged fillets increased as storage temperature increased and differed for each temperature. The surface pH and K-values of MA-packaged fillets were not good indicators of spoilage onset. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Reddy, N R AU - Villanueva, M AU - Kautter, DA AD - Div. Food Process. and Packag., Natl. Cent. Food Saf. and Technol., FDA, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - Aug 1995 SP - 908 EP - 914 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - African mouthbrooders KW - fish fillets KW - meat KW - packaging KW - preservation KW - shelf life KW - storage life KW - temperature KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - cold storage KW - Tilapia KW - storage conditions KW - seafood KW - food KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - R 18121:Flavor & aroma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16054454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Shelf+life+of+modified-atmosphere-packaged+fresh+tilapia+fillets+stored+under+refrigeration+and+temperature-abuse+conditions&rft.au=Reddy%2C+N+R%3BVillanueva%2C+M%3BKautter%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fish fillets; cold storage; food; seafood; storage life; storage conditions; temperature; packaging; shelf life; meat; preservation; Tilapia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of selected food consumption and preparation behaviors associated with increased risks of food-borne disease AN - 15897212; 4036915 AB - Although not well quantified, a portion of food-borne illnesses results from voluntary behaviors that are entirely avoidable, such as eating raw foods of animal origin or engaging in unsafe food preparation practices. A telephone survey of 1,620 respondents was conducted to assess the prevalence of selected self-reported food consumption and preparation behaviors associated with increased risks of food-borne illness and the demographic characteristics related to such behaviors. The percentages of survey respondents who reported consuming raw foods of animal origin were 53%, raw eggs; 23%, undercooked hamburgers; 17%, raw clams or oysters; and 8%, raw sushi or ceviche. A fourth of the respondents said that after cutting raw meat or chicken, they use the cutting board again without cleaning it. Safer food consumption and preparation behaviors were consistently reported by persons who were female, were at least 40 years old, and had a high-school education or less. These findings suggest that risky food consumption and preparation behaviors are common in the United States and that educational campaigns aimed at changing these behaviors may need to be targeted to specific groups of persons. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Klontz, K C AU - Timbo, B AU - Fein, S AU - Levy, A AD - Off. Sci. Anal. and Support, Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995/08// PY - 1995 DA - Aug 1995 SP - 927 EP - 930 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - contamination KW - food-borne diseases KW - man KW - microbial contamination KW - processed fishery products KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - food KW - seafood KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - public health KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15897212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+selected+food+consumption+and+preparation+behaviors+associated+with+increased+risks+of+food-borne+disease&rft.au=Klontz%2C+K+C%3BTimbo%2C+B%3BFein%2C+S%3BLevy%2C+A&rft.aulast=Klontz&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microbial contamination; seafood; food; processed fishery products; public health; food-borne diseases; man; contamination; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validity criteria for the use of biological markers of exposure to chemical agents in environmental epidemiology. AN - 77435396; 7631325 AB - Biomarkers may prove very useful in increasing the precision of exposure estimates during field epidemiological studies of environmental and occupational exposures. However, the determination of validity of exposure biomarkers is a laborious process. It is also a process that needs collaboration between laboratory and field scientists if biological markers of exposure are to be useful tools in environmental epidemiology. JF - Toxicology AU - Schulte, P A AU - Talaska, G AD - Screening and Notification Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/26/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 26 SP - 73 EP - 88 VL - 101 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77435396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Validity+criteria+for+the+use+of+biological+markers+of+exposure+to+chemical+agents+in+environmental+epidemiology.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BTalaska%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-07-26&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine addiction in young people. AN - 77347682; 7791824 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/20/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 20 SP - 186 EP - 189 VL - 333 IS - 3 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Health Education -- methods KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- etiology KW - Advertising as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77347682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Nicotine+addiction+in+young+people.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-07-20&rft.volume=333&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 2;333(18):1225; author reply 1226 [7565996] N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 2;333(18):1225-6 [7565997] Erratum In: N Engl J Med 1995 Oct 12;333(15):1018 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational and environmental lead and PCB exposure at a scrap metal dealer. AN - 77872579; 8603654 AB - Blood lead levels (BPb) and serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels (PCB) were obtained from 17 employees at two adjacent scrap metal dealers. One facility was located outdoors, directly on top of soil known to be contaminated with lead and PCBs, and the other was located indoors with a concrete floor. BPbs ranged from 4.0 to 39.8 microgram/dl (mean 19.9 microgram/dl, geometric mean 17.5 microgram/dl) and PCB levels ranged from <1 to 65.3 ppb (mean 7.5 ppb). There was no significant difference in either BPb or serum PCB between the two sites. BPb was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked at work, and both BPb and serum PCB were significantly related to eating lunch outside the lunchroom, suggesting hand-to-mouth contact as a source of exposure. The lack of difference in BPb between employees of the two scrap metal dealers suggests an ongoing source of lead exposure at the sites, other than the soil. JF - Environmental research AU - Malkin, R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 20 EP - 23 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating KW - Analysis of Variance KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Metallurgy KW - Lead -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77872579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Occupational+and+environmental+lead+and+PCB+exposure+at+a+scrap+metal+dealer.&rft.au=Malkin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Malkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical assessment and future directions in the prevention of occupational hearing loss. AN - 77779525; 8578427 JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Merry, C J AU - Franks, J R AD - Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 669 EP - 681 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Ear Protective Devices KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Occupational Health KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77779525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Historical+assessment+and+future+directions+in+the+prevention+of+occupational+hearing+loss.&rft.au=Merry%2C+C+J%3BFranks%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Merry&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic considerations in the evaluation of occupational hearing loss. AN - 77751905; 8578424 JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Morata, T C AU - Lemasters, G K AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 641 EP - 656 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Sampling Studies KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- etiology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77751905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+considerations+in+the+evaluation+of+occupational+hearing+loss.&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BLemasters%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening procedure for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction and gas chromatographic determination. AN - 77699513; 7589717 AB - A rapid technique for the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of five organochlorine and five organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk is described. Milk (5.0 ml) is blended with 2.0 g of C18 [octadecylsilyl-derivatized silica] and 1.5 ml acetonitrile in a syringe barrel. After the aqueous phase is removed from the column by vacuum aspiration, the pesticide residues are eluted from the C18/milk matrix with acetonitrile which is then eluted through a Florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) column. The acetonitrile is evaporated under nitrogen and the residue is dissolved in petroleum ether. This extract is directly analysed for organophosphorus pesticides by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. After further clean-up of the extract on a mini-Florisil column, the organochlorine pesticide residues are determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Grade A homogenized and raw milk samples were fortified with five organochlorine and five organophosphorus pesticide residues. The average recoveries of fortified organochlorine pesticide residues (2.0-20 ppb) ranged from 76.0% to 97.8%. The average recoveries of fortified organophosphorus pesticide residues (10-50 ppb) ranged from 75.0% to 104.5%. The MSPD and the AOAC International multiresidue method for pesticides in milk produced comparable results for milk samples containing incurred organochlorine pesticide residues. The use of the MSPD method results in a 90% reduction in organic solvent consumption and a 95% reduction in the hazardous waste generated when compared with the AOAC method. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Schenck, F J AU - Wagner, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 535 EP - 541 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Solvents KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77699513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Screening+procedure+for+organochlorine+and+organophosphorus+pesticide+residues+in+milk+using+matrix+solid+phase+dispersion+%28MSPD%29+extraction+and+gas+chromatographic+determination.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BWagner%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IFN-gamma priming of monocytes enhances LPS-induced TNF production by augmenting both transcription and MRNA stability. AN - 77684254; 7578980 AB - The induction of cytokine expression in monocytes/macrophages by bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide is a critical, highly regulated host defence response. The augmentation of LPS responses by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), referred to as priming, is well established. However, the mechanism(s) by which priming occurs is poorly defined. Using tumour necrosis factor (TNF) induction as a model, experiments were designed to analyse in detail the priming effect on the LPS response in human monocytes. Priming by IFN-gamma was primarily manifested at the level of TNF mRNA accumulation. IFN-gamma pre-treatment affected the magnitude rather than the sensitivity of the LPS response. Priming occurred after several hours of treatment, and the primed state was induced by either IFN-gamma or GM-CSF, but not M-CSF. Primed monocytes transcribed TNF mRNA at a higher rate than freshly isolated monocytes upon activation with LPS. The increased transcriptional rate correlated with a marked increase in nuclear factor-kappa B activity in these cells as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a consensus NF-kappa B oligonucleotide. An additional significant finding was than TNF mRNA induced in primed cells was much more stable than in unprimed cells (T1/2 increased 6-8-fold). Consistent with the increased mRNA stability, the duration of mRNA accumulation was longer following LPS stimulation in primed monocytes, in addition to being of greater magnitude. Finally, primed and unprimed cells possessed a differential sensitivity to the kinase inhibitor H-89. H-89 substantially suppressed LPS-induced TNF mRNA accumulation in unprimed cells, but had no effect on primed monocytes following LPS stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Cytokine AU - Hayes, M P AU - Freeman, S L AU - Donnelly, R P AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 427 EP - 435 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1043-4666, 1043-4666 KW - Colony-Stimulating Factors KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Isoquinolines KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - NF-kappa B KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Sulfonamides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide KW - M876330O56 KW - Index Medicus KW - Stimulation, Chemical KW - NF-kappa B -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Isoquinolines -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Drug Synergism KW - Colony-Stimulating Factors -- pharmacology KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Interferon-gamma -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77684254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytokine&rft.atitle=IFN-gamma+priming+of+monocytes+enhances+LPS-induced+TNF+production+by+augmenting+both+transcription+and+MRNA+stability.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+M+P%3BFreeman%2C+S+L%3BDonnelly%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytokine&rft.issn=10434666&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of epidemic early syphilis: the results of an intervention campaign using social networks. AN - 77670941; 7482101 AB - During an epidemic of early syphilis, social networks were used for an intervention campaign. To characterize the epidemic and describe the yield of new cases from index-case interviews. Analyses of morbidity data collected by the Montgomery County, Alabama, sexually transmitted disease program determined the course of the epidemic and characterized the new case yields from social networks identified via index-case interviews (partner notification investigations) and interviews with sex partners and their associates (cluster investigations). Results and costs were compared to a noncampaign period. The number of reported syphilis cases nearly doubled from 1990 to 1991 (201 to 348 per 100,000 residents). During the 21-week campaign, 373 case-patients had partner notification/cluster investigations; 113 (11%) of 984 sex partners and 41 (3%) of 1,146 high-risk associates (persons identified during cluster investigations) had syphilis. No subgroup of case-patients for which the partner notification/cluster investigation yielded more infected persons than other subgroups was identified. The cost per case detected was more than twice that during a noncampaign period ($1,627 vs. $771). Partner notification investigations yielded more infected persons than cluster investigations. Further evaluation is needed to determine the role of intense partner notification/cluster investigators' efforts in the control of epidemic syphilis. JF - Sexually transmitted diseases AU - Engelgau, M M AU - Woernle, C H AU - Rolfs, R T AU - Greenspan, J R AU - O'Cain, M AU - Gorsky, R D AD - Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 203 EP - 209 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0148-5717, 0148-5717 KW - Crack Cocaine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Communicable Disease Control -- methods KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Risk-Taking KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Humans KW - Communicable Disease Control -- economics KW - Sexual Partners KW - Alabama -- epidemiology KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Program Evaluation KW - Antibiotic Prophylaxis KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Syphilis -- economics KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Contact Tracing KW - Syphilis -- prevention & control KW - Syphilis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77670941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.atitle=Control+of+epidemic+early+syphilis%3A+the+results+of+an+intervention+campaign+using+social+networks.&rft.au=Engelgau%2C+M+M%3BWoernle%2C+C+H%3BRolfs%2C+R+T%3BGreenspan%2C+J+R%3BO%27Cain%2C+M%3BGorsky%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Engelgau&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sexually+transmitted+diseases&rft.issn=01485717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multivessel supercritical fluid extraction of food items in Total Diet Study. AN - 77655447; 7580320 AB - An off-line, large capacity, multivessel supercritical fluid extractor (SFE) was designed and constructed for extraction of large samples. The extractor can simultaneously process 1-6 samples (15-25 g) by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), which is relatively nontoxic and nonflammable, as the solvent extraction medium. Lipid recoveries for the SFE system were comparable to those obtained by blending or Soxhlet extraction procedures. Extractions at 10,000 psi, 80 degrees C, expanded gaseous CO2 flow rates of 4-5 L/min (35 degrees C), and 1-3 h extraction times gave reproducible lipid recoveries for pork sausage (relative standard deviation [RSD], 1.32%), corn chips (RSD, 0.46%), cheddar cheese (RSD, 1.14%), and peanut butter (RSD, 0.44%). In addition, this SFE system gave reproducible recoveries (> 93%) for butter fortified with cis-chlordane and malathion at the 100 ppm and 0.1 ppm levels. Six portions each of cheddar cheese, saltine crackers, sandwich cookies, and ground hamburger also were simultaneously extracted with SC-CO2 and analyzed for incurred pesticide residues. Results obtained with this SFE system were reproducible and comparable with results from organic-solvent extraction procedures currently used in the Total Diet Study; therefore, use and disposal of large quantities of organic solvents can be eliminated. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hopper, M L AU - King, J W AU - Johnson, J H AU - Serino, A A AU - Butler, R J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Research Center, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1072 EP - 1079 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Fats KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fats -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Food Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77655447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multivessel+supercritical+fluid+extraction+of+food+items+in+Total+Diet+Study.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+M+L%3BKing%2C+J+W%3BJohnson%2C+J+H%3BSerino%2C+A+A%3BButler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1072&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of ethylenethiourea recoveries in food analyses by addition of cysteine hydrochloride. AN - 77652200; 7580323 AB - The effectiveness of cysteine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl) as a preservative of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in product matrixes and during analysis was studied. ETU recoveries were adversely affected by certain product matrixes when fortified directly into the product. Recoveries in 8 selected food items were 0-92% when analyzed 30 min after fortification and 0-51% when analyzed after 24 h. When Cys-HCl was added to product prior to fortification, recoveries increased to 71-95% even after frozen storage for 2-4 weeks. Cys-HCl was added during analysis of 53 untreated items. Recoveries improved an average of 15% with Cys-HCl. Without Cys-HCl, recoveries were erratic (20-98%), but with Cys-HCl, recoveries were 68-113%. Other antioxidants (sodium sulfite, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and vitamins A and C) also were evaluated as ETU preservatives. When lettuce was treated first with sodium sulfite and then fortified with ETU, recoveries averaged 86%; without sodium sulfite, they averaged 1%. The other antioxidants were less effective for preserving ETU in lettuce, giving only 8-46% recoveries. The effect of oxidizers (potassium bromate, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide) on ETU recovery was also determined. Recovery of ETU from a baby food product (pears and pineapple) was 82%; with oxidizers, recoveries were 0-8%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Sack, C A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Kansas City District Office, Lenexa 66285-5905, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1097 EP - 1101 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - Oxidants KW - Ethylenethiourea KW - 24FOJ4N18S KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Food Preservatives -- chemistry KW - Oxidants -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Ethylenethiourea -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77652200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+ethylenethiourea+recoveries+in+food+analyses+by+addition+of+cysteine+hydrochloride.&rft.au=Sack%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Sack&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunoassay of pesticides: an update. AN - 77652142; 7580321 AB - Measurement of levels of pesticides residues in foods and crops most often requires extensive cleanup and instrumental techniques such as gas chromatography. Immunoassay measurement techniques, on the other hand, may be used directly on the test portion or require only minimal cleanup. Further refinements of the common antibody-enzyme-based solid-phase assays, such as use of coated magnetic particles, antibody-coated crystals, and continuous-flow devices, have extended the measurement range and applicability of these assays. Likewise, new immunoassays for pesticides have been developed, and existing assays have been refined, optimized, and more completely characterized and validated. In addition to their ability to accurately and reliably measure amounts of residues present in food and crops, immunoassays can be readily used as rapid screening methods for contaminants in field samples. We have previously reviewed much of the work in the area of pesticide immunoassay; this report updates previous information and discusses some new immunoassay techniques. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Kaufman, B M AU - Clower, M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1079 EP - 1090 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Immunoassay -- methods KW - Humans KW - Pesticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77652142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Immunoassay+of+pesticides%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+B+M%3BClower%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of methylmercury after supercritical fluid extraction. AN - 77651338; 7580326 AB - A method, using supercritical fluid extraction, for determining methylmercury in seafood has been developed to eliminate use of toxic organic solvents. Seafood samples were treated with 1N NaOH and then acidified with HCl to release CH3HgCl. After mixing the sample with cellulose powder (40 mesh) containing stearic acid modifier at 5 mg/g, the extraction was performed with supercritical CO2 under the following conditions: pressure, 200 atm; temperature, 50 degrees C; time, 20 min; and trap, 0.01N Na2S2O3 in a conical tube immersed in a flask of warm water to prevent freezing. The extract was then analyzed by a suitable method, such as cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The accuracy of the procedure was verified by analyzing biological standard reference materials. Several commercial seafood samples and spikes have been analyzed. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Holak, W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New York Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn 11232, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1124 EP - 1125 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Solvents KW - Thiosulfates KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Reference Standards KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77651338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+methylmercury+after+supercritical+fluid+extraction.&rft.au=Holak%2C+W&rft.aulast=Holak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of flunixin in milk by liquid chromatography with confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring. AN - 77651194; 7580336 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the determination of flunixin (FNX) in raw bovine milk. The milk was acidified and mixed with silica gel, and the mixture was packed into a chromatographic column. The column was defatted with water-saturated dichloromethane-hexane (30 + 70, v/v), and the analyte was eluted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extract was washed with water at pH 3.5, the water was discarded, and the EtOAc layer was then extracted with 0.1M NaOH. The aqueous layer was drained, passed through a primed C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column, and eluted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was dried under N2, taken up in a solution of MeOH-(5 mM tetrabutylammonium [TBA]-H2PO4 + 2 mM NaOH) (50 + 50), sonicated, and filtered. FNX was determined by LC using a C18 column (ODS Hypersil), a mobile phase mixture of 58% A (MeOH) and 42% B (5 mM TBA-H2PO4 + 2 mM NaOH), and a diode-array ultraviolet detector at 285 nm. FNX was determined in raw milk at 5 spiking levels (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng drug/mL milk). Absolute recoveries ranged from 69.6 to 74.4%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1 to 6.9%. The limit of quantitation was 1.7 ng drug/mL milk. A lactating cow was dosed intravenously (2.2 mg/kg) with flunixin meglumine (Banamine) to generate incurred milk residues. FNX residues ranged from 7.34 ng/mL at 16 h postdose to 1.74 ng/mL at 24 h postdose. Both levels were obtained with additional beta-glucuronidase treatment (almost no incurred drug was detected at these low levels without the enzyme treatment).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rupp, H S AU - Holland, D C AU - Munns, R K AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 959 EP - 967 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Analgesics KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - flunixin KW - 356IB1O400 KW - Clonixin KW - V7DXN0M42R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Animals KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Clonixin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Food Contamination KW - Clonixin -- analysis KW - Analgesics -- analysis KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77651194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+flunixin+in+milk+by+liquid+chromatography+with+confirmation+by+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+and+selected+ion+monitoring.&rft.au=Rupp%2C+H+S%3BHolland%2C+D+C%3BMunns%2C+R+K%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration pesticide program: incidence/level monitoring of domestic and imported pears and tomatoes. AN - 77651146; 7580331 AB - In 1992-1993, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted a statistically based study of pesticide residues in domestic and imported pears and tomatoes. For pears, 710 domestic and 949 imported samples were collected and analyzed; 79% of the domestic and 72% of the imported samples had detectable residues. Thiabendazole, a fungicide with postharvest uses, was found with greatest frequency in both groups of pears. Four domestic and 12 imported samples contained violative residues, mainly of pesticides for which there are no U.S. tolerances on pears. The statistically weighted (by shipment size) violation rates for domestic and imported pears were 1.0 and 0.9%, respectively. For tomatoes, 1219 domestic and 144 imported samples were collected and analyzed; 84% of the domestic and 91% of the imported samples had detectable residues. Methamidophos, an insecticide, had the greatest frequency of occurrence in both groups of tomatoes. Thirty-three domestic and 5 imported samples were violative, nearly all the result of acephate use, for which there is no U.S. tolerance on tomatoes. The statistically weighted violation rates for domestic and imported tomatoes were 1.9 and 7.0%, respectively. The statistically weighted violation rates calculated for domestic and imported pears and domestic tomatoes in this study were lower than those observed under FDA's regulatory monitoring in recent years. The violation rate for imported tomatoes was somewhat higher under statistical monitoring than under regulatory monitoring. The results of the statistically based study show that, as in regulatory monitoring, the levels of pesticide residues found are generally well below U.S. tolerances. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Roy, R R AU - Albert, R H AU - Wilson, P AU - Laski, R R AU - Roberts, J I AU - Hoffmann, T J AU - Bong, R L AU - Bohannon, B O AU - Yess, N J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Field Programs, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 930 EP - 940 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Lycopersicon esculentum -- chemistry KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77651146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+pesticide+program%3A+incidence%2Flevel+monitoring+of+domestic+and+imported+pears+and+tomatoes.&rft.au=Roy%2C+R+R%3BAlbert%2C+R+H%3BWilson%2C+P%3BLaski%2C+R+R%3BRoberts%2C+J+I%3BHoffmann%2C+T+J%3BBong%2C+R+L%3BBohannon%2C+B+O%3BYess%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals: FDA Total Diet Study, June 1984-April 1986. AN - 77650428; 7580329 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts the Total Diet Study to determine dietary intakes of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). The results reported here reflect the sampling period from June 1984 to April 1986. The study involves retail purchase of foods representative of the total diet of the U.S. population, preparation for table-ready consumption, and individual analyses of 234 items depicting the diets of 8 population groups. The diets were based on 2 nationwide food consumption surveys. The data presented represent 8 food collections (also termed "market baskets") in regional metropolitan areas during the 2-year period. Dietary intakes of over 90 analytes are presented for the 8 population groups, which range from infants to elderly adults. Intakes of selected population groups are compared with representative previous findings. As reported previously, average daily intakes are well below acceptable limits. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Gunderson, E L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 910 EP - 921 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Industry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77650428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Dietary+intakes+of+pesticides%2C+selected+elements%2C+and+other+chemicals%3A+FDA+Total+Diet+Study%2C+June+1984-April+1986.&rft.au=Gunderson%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Gunderson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=910&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic detection and determination of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a contaminant of methyl methacrylate raw material. AN - 77650336; 7580335 AB - A simple, specific, and accurate proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic method is presented for detection and assay of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate dimer as a contaminant of methyl methacrylate monomer. In addition to minimizing exposure of the analyst to the irritant and toxic methacrylic acid esters, the proposed method requires no sample preparation. Quantitations are based on integrals for signals of methylene protons of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate at 4.37 ppm and methyl protons of methyl methacrylate at 3.70 ppm. Analysis of 10 synthetic mixtures of the monomer with 1-11% of dimer yielded a dimer recovery of 100.5 +/- 2.05% (mean +/- standard deviation). Correspondence (correlation coefficient, r = 0.9999) between the amount of dimer added and the amount found was excellent. The proposed method measures as little as 1% of dimer. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hanna, G M AU - Lau-Cam, C A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New York Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn 11232, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 954 EP - 958 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Methacrylates KW - 0 KW - Methylmethacrylates KW - Protons KW - Methylmethacrylate KW - 196OC77688 KW - ethylene dimethacrylate KW - 7BK5G69305 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- methods KW - Methylmethacrylates -- analysis KW - Methacrylates -- analysis KW - Drug Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77650336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Proton+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopic+detection+and+determination+of+ethylene+glycol+dimethacrylate+as+a+contaminant+of+methyl+methacrylate+raw+material.&rft.au=Hanna%2C+G+M%3BLau-Cam%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of simazine, atrazine, and propazine residues in catfish. AN - 77646122; 7580319 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the simultaneous determination of the triazine herbicides, simazine (SIM), atrazine (ATZ), and propazine (PRO) in the 12.5-100 ppb range in catfish. The herbicides are extracted from catfish homogenates with ethyl acetate, followed by solvent partitioning between acetonitrile and petroleum ether and additional cleanup on a C18 cartridge. A Supelcosil LC-18-DB column is used for LC separation, and UV determination is at 220 nm. The isocratic mobile phase is a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and water. Mean recoveries from catfish were 88.7, 96.9, and 91.7%; standard deviations were 6.84, 7.78, and 6.26%; and coefficients of variation were 7.72, 8.03, and 6.82% for SIM, ATZ, and PRO, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Holland, D C AU - Munns, R K AU - Roybal, J E AU - Hurlbut, J A AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1067 EP - 1071 VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Triazines KW - propazine KW - 139-40-2 KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Simazine KW - SG0C34SMY3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Simazine -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Triazines -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Ictaluridae -- metabolism KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77646122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+simazine%2C+atrazine%2C+and+propazine+residues+in+catfish.&rft.au=Holland%2C+D+C%3BMunns%2C+R+K%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal dexamethasone or stress but not ACTH or corticosterone alter sexual behavior in male rats. AN - 77637385; 7565485 AB - Prenatal maternal stress in rats and mice can demasculinize and feminize the sexual behavior of adult male offspring. Causal mechanisms are unknown, but one attractive hypothesis is that stress activation of maternal adrenal glucocorticoid secretion is the responsible agent. To test this hypothesis, pregnant rats were exposed to a variety of substances which enhance glucocorticoid actions. These included ACTH (20 IU of a gel preparation, SC once daily), corticosterone (CORT; 7 mg/kg SC in oil, three times daily), or dexamethasone (DEX; 0.1 mg/kg, SC once daily). Controls included noninjected dams and a positive stress control group (restraint under bright lights three times daily). All treatments reduced maternal weight gain, DEX most potently. No treatment altered litter size, stillbirths, or sex ratio, but DEX reduced weight at birth, an effect still seen at postnatal day 85. DEX, CORT, and stress reduced male adrenal weight at birth, while DEX and CORT altered sexual differentiation as measured by anogenital distance. Stress impaired adult male sexual performance but not the lordosis quotient following exposure of animals to stud males. DEX affected both measures. No other treatment had any significant effect on sexual behavior. No treatment altered plasma LH levels, either basal or in response to an estrogen challenge in adult gonadectomized males. In adulthood there was no treatment effect on stress reactivity, measured behaviorally or by plasma glucocorticoids. Correlational analysis revealed that weight gain during pregnancy was the single best predictor of subsequent sexual performance. It is concluded that prenatal dexamethasone exposure demasculinizes and feminizes male offspring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Holson, R R AU - Gough, B AU - Sullivan, P AU - Badger, T AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 393 EP - 401 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - 9002-60-2 KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- secretion KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Organ Size -- physiology KW - Adrenal Glands -- secretion KW - Adrenal Glands -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -- toxicity KW - Stress, Physiological -- psychology KW - Corticosterone -- toxicity KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77637385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+dexamethasone+or+stress+but+not+ACTH+or+corticosterone+alter+sexual+behavior+in+male+rats.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BGough%2C+B%3BSullivan%2C+P%3BBadger%2C+T%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline in Alaska. AN - 77636706; 8546253 AB - This ecologic study assessed whether there was a change in health status in Alaska in the winter of 1992-93 after the introduction of MTBE in gasoline. Methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE) is used as a fuel oxygenate in the United States and in Europe. In the winter of 1992-93 MTBE was added to gasoline in the cities of Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska. The program was discontinued in Fairbanks in December, 1992, but continued in Anchorage until February 28, 1993. Outpatient visits for state employees and dependents (n = approximately 28,000) living in Alaska were compared over three winters by analyzing health insurance claims. Odds ratios were calculated. The odds ratios indicated that the winter of 92-93 was not statistically different from previous winters in numbers of claims for upper respiratory illness, bronchitis, headache, or asthma in either Anchorage or Fairbanks. There was no increase in claims for respiratory illness in either city after introduction of MTBE. JF - Alaska medicine AU - Gordian, M E AU - Huelsman, M D AU - Brecht, M L AU - Fisher, D G AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6650, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 101 EP - 3, 119 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0002-4538, 0002-4538 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ethers KW - Gasoline KW - Methyl Ethers KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - 29I4YB3S89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Gasoline -- adverse effects KW - Health Status KW - Alaska KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Ethers -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77636706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+medicine&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+methyl+tertiary+butyl+ether+%28MTBE%29+in+gasoline+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Gordian%2C+M+E%3BHuelsman%2C+M+D%3BBrecht%2C+M+L%3BFisher%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Gordian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alaska+medicine&rft.issn=00024538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raw shellfish consumption in California: the 1992 California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. AN - 77587035; 7495596 AB - We used the 1992 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to study the prevalence of raw shellfish consumption in California and the demographic and behavioral characteristics of raw shellfish consumers. We used the logistic regression analysis of the weighted survey data with PC SAS and SUDAAN to adjust for the effects of age and gender. Twenty-three percent of the respondents in the survey reported that they ate raw shellfish; one third of these reported eating raw shellfish once a month. Higher prevalences of raw shellfish consumption were reported by men, persons 18-49 years old, those with income above $25,000 and education beyond high school than by women, individuals older than 49 years, and those with an income of $25,000 or less per year and 12 or fewer years of school. A higher percentage of persons with liver disease, stomach surgery, and a history of chronic alcohol drinking reported consumption of raw shellfish than did individuals without liver disease, previous stomach surgery, or a history of alcohol abuse. After adjustment for gender and age, those who reported acute (P < .01) and chronic (P < .01) drinking and driving while intoxicated (P < .01) were more likely to report consumption of raw shellfish. Two variables (lack of seat belt usage [P = 2] and cigarette smoking [P = .13]) were not significantly associated statistically with raw shellfish consumption. JF - American journal of preventive medicine AU - Timbo, B B AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Headrick, M AU - Klontz, K C AD - Epidemiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 214 EP - 217 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Age Factors KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sex Factors KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Vibrio Infections -- prevention & control KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Risk-Taking KW - Food Preferences KW - Shellfish KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77587035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Raw+shellfish+consumption+in+California%3A+the+1992+California+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Survey.&rft.au=Timbo%2C+B+B%3BAltekruse%2C+S+F%3BHeadrick%2C+M%3BKlontz%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Timbo&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis. AN - 77575965; 7554514 AB - The dermatologist who is aware of the epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) can find this information helpful in making a diagnosis, determining etiology, and recommending preventive efforts. This article reviews some of the available epidemiologic data sources and their limitations. These data sources provide important information on the prevalence and incidence, the public health importance, the risk factors, the common etiologic agents, the prognosis, and the preventive measures for OCD. JF - Dermatologic clinics AU - Lushniak, B D AD - US Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 671 EP - 680 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0733-8635, 0733-8635 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77575965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dermatologic+clinics&rft.atitle=The+epidemiology+of+occupational+contact+dermatitis.&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Dermatologic+clinics&rft.issn=07338635&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p-Dichlorobenzene exposure among 1,000 adults in the United States. AN - 77534807; 7677426 AB - p-Dichlorobenzene is used widely in the United States as a room deodorizer, a moth repellent, and a precursor for a polymer. In a previous study of selected children in Arkansas, we found that 96% of the children had detectable urinary concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol, the metabolite of p-dichlorobenzene. In the current study, we found that, in a sample of 1,000 adults who lived throughout the United States, 98% had detectable levels of 2,5-dichlorophenol in their urine, and 96% had detectable levels of p-dichlorobenzene in their blood. Urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations ranged up to 8,700 micrograms/l (median and mean concentrations of 30 micrograms/l and 200 micrograms/l, respectively). p-Dichlorobenzene blood concentrations ranged up to 49 micrograms/l, with median and mean concentrations of 0.33 micrograms/l and 2.1 micrograms/l, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient for 2,5-dichlorophenol in urine and p-dichlorobenzene in blood was .82 (p .40). When these results are viewed with data from other studies, the collective data show that p-dichlorobenzene is a common, worldwide contaminant. The high prevalence of exposure to p-dichlorobenzene, coupled with its potential for adverse health effects, indicate the need for more detailed studies, including studies of long-term health effects on exposed populations. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Hill, R H AU - Ashley, D L AU - Head, S L AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 277 EP - 280 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chlorobenzenes KW - Chlorophenols KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 2,5-dichlorophenol KW - 583-78-8 KW - 4-dichlorobenzene KW - D149TYB5MK KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Chlorophenols -- urine KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- blood KW - Humans KW - Pesticide Residues -- urine KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chlorobenzenes -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77534807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=p-Dichlorobenzene+exposure+among+1%2C000+adults+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Hill%2C+R+H%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BHead%2C+S+L%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reporting of adverse events to MedWatch. AN - 77508345; 7671043 AB - Trends in the reporting of serious adverse events directly to FDA between 1992 and 1994 and the quality of reports before and after the June 1993 launching of MedWatch were studied. Computerized data were used to assess changes between 1992 and 1994 in the proportion of adverse-event reports to FDA classified as serious. To evaluate the quality of reports, every third report received during April 1993 (sample size, 254) and April 1994 (263) was evaluated for 21 variables and to determine whether the event was serious. For the first analysis, a serious adverse event was defined as one that resulted in death, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, or disability; for the second, the outcome of a threat to life was also included. The proportion of reports that were serious increased from 34% in 1992 to 49% in 1994. The overall quality of the reports made in 1994 was higher than that of the 1993 reports. In particular, significantly higher percentages of reports in 1994 indicated whether the drug was a new molecular entity, indicated whether the event was serious, and gave laboratory and clinical information in support of the event diagnosis. Reports from pharmacists increased both in number and in quality. Physicians' reports were of high quality in both years, but the number of reports they made decreased. The proportion of adverse-event reports classified as serious increased between 1992 and 1994, and the quality of event reporting to FDA improved since the introduction of MedWatch. JF - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists AU - Piazza-Hepp, T D AU - Kennedy, D L AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, MedWatch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/07/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jul 01 SP - 1436 EP - 1439 VL - 52 IS - 13 SN - 1079-2082, 1079-2082 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77508345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.atitle=Reporting+of+adverse+events+to+MedWatch.&rft.au=Piazza-Hepp%2C+T+D%3BKennedy%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Piazza-Hepp&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+health-system+pharmacy+%3A+AJHP+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.issn=10792082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An integrated framework to identify significant human exposures (SHELs). AN - 77505155; 7670861 AB - Typically, health risk assessment methodologies have been designed to assess risks associated with exposure to individual chemicals through one specific medium, such as air, water, or food. This is partly because classical experimental methodology is used to study pure chemicals, and partly because a majority of early promulgated environmental laws (e.g., Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act) regulated chemicals in a given matrix via a specific route. Often, however, exposures in the ambient environment are through multiple routes, multiple media and to multiple chemicals. Presented here is a multimedia framework that health risk assessors can use to identify significant human exposure levels (SHELs) on a site-specific basis. This framework is presented in the context of a decision tree that links health guidance values such as minimal risk levels (MRLs) with site-specific data, using a range of decision-support models. It includes a provision to estimate a level of concern by comparing the estimated total dose (exposures) with guidance values established by the Agency, by other federal organizations, and by basket-survey results. If a SHEL has been identified, a range of follow-up public health actions may be indicated (i.e., surveillance, health education, or other preventive interventions). This framework serves to (1) integrate the overall health assessment process, (2) evaluate the need for public health interventions, (3) incorporate innovative decision-support methods/models, and (4) demonstrate utility of such methods in public health practice and the pursuit of the Agency's mission. JF - Chemosphere AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Cibulas, W AU - DeRosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2485 EP - 2498 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Public Health -- economics KW - Risk Assessment KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Soil Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77505155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=An+integrated+framework+to+identify+significant+human+exposures+%28SHELs%29.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BDeRosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health assessment for dioxins exposure from soil. AN - 77505107; 7670858 AB - Dioxins are among the most toxic anthropogenic chemicals in the environment. Their toxicity has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. Dioxin-contaminated soil may result in dioxins occurring in a food chain. This is especially important for the general population. It has been estimated that about 98% of exposure to dioxins is through the oral route. In the 1980s, a concentration level of 1 ppb 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in soil was specified as "a level of concern," based on cancer effects. However, recent studies indicate that end points other than cancer are also of concern. A health risk analysis scenario based on health effects of TCDD other than cancer is discussed and compared with the projected intake from 1 ppb TCDD in soil. JF - Chemosphere AU - Pohl, H AU - DeRosa, C AU - Holler, J AD - Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2437 EP - 2454 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - World Health Organization KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Child, Preschool KW - Biological Availability KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Soil Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Public Health -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77505107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Public+health+assessment+for+dioxins+exposure+from+soil.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H%3BDeRosa%2C+C%3BHoller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postnatal MSG treatment attenuates angiotensin II (AII) induced drinking in rats. AN - 77503607; 7667423 AB - Exogenous angiotensin II (AII) administration produces a robust drinking response, even in water-satiated rats. All receptors are located in the hypothalamus and circumventricular organs (CVOs). Early postnatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces hypothalamic/CVO damage. Therefore MSG might damage hypothalamic/CVO neurons important for producing the drinking response to AII. Few noninvasive procedures or tests exist to indicate the presence of a MSG lesion. Thus, the present study sought to determine whether altered water consumption after AII administration would signify the presence of a MSG lesion, as well as to demonstrate hypothalamic/CVO involvement in AII-induced drinking. Adult rats (dosed as neonates with MSG or saline) were given various doses of AII and the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. MSG-treated rats drank significantly less water after 100 ug/kg, sc AII than control rats. MSG-treated rats also had an unexpectedly high mortality after 100 ug/kg, sc isoproterenol. Thus, measurement of the drinking response may be a sensitive, noninvasive method for detecting neurotoxic damage to hypothalamic/CVO sites critical for the central action of AII. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Caputo, F A AU - Scallet, A C AD - FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 25 EP - 29 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Angiotensin II KW - 11128-99-7 KW - beta-Endorphin KW - 60617-12-1 KW - Isoproterenol KW - L628TT009W KW - Sodium Glutamate KW - W81N5U6R6U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Brain Mapping KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - beta-Endorphin -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Isoproterenol -- pharmacology KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Sodium Glutamate -- pharmacology KW - Angiotensin II -- pharmacology KW - Cerebral Ventricles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77503607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Postnatal+MSG+treatment+attenuates+angiotensin+II+%28AII%29+induced+drinking+in+rats.&rft.au=Caputo%2C+F+A%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Caputo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) from the public health assessment perspective. AN - 77499471; 7670866 AB - The validity of the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) approach to predicting toxicity of mixtures was investigated on the basis of the public health risk assessment that had been posted for different groups of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. First, the minimal risk levels (MRLs) were derived based on the databases available for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The MRL values were then converted to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity equivalents (TEQs) and compared with each other. There was a good correlation between intermediate duration oral MRLs for TCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF when expressed in TEQs (7 pg/kg/day and 15 pg/kg/day). Although the studies that served for derivation of these MRLs used different species (guinea pigs and rats, respectively), the toxicity endpoints (immunological and hepatic for TCDD and hepatic for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF) were comparable. The hepatic effects were measured by the same techniques (blood chemistry and histopathology), ensuring similar sensitivity. However, there was a discrepancy between acute oral MRLs for TCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF when they were expressed in TEQs (20 pg/kg/day and 500 pg/kg/day, respectively). The studies used for MRL derivation involved not only different species (mice and guinea pigs, respectively), the immunotoxicity endpoints were measured by techniques with different sensitivity (serum complement activity versus histopathology), making comparison difficult. Further calculations showed that the TEFs approach may be feasible for individual coplanar congeners of PCBs, but not for a mixture of Aroclors. Correlations presented here support the concept that the TEFs are valid only if specific criteria for their derivation are met (e.g., a broad database of information, consistency across endpoints, additivity for the effects, a common mechanism of action, etc.). In environmental exposure, the total toxicity of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons is not necessarily the sum of the total individual congener toxicities because individual congeners compete for the same receptor; therefore, nonadditive behavior may occur. JF - Chemosphere AU - Pohl, H AU - Holler, J AD - Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2547 EP - 2559 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Mice KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Risk Assessment KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Benzofurans -- adverse effects KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77499471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Halogenated+aromatic+hydrocarbons+and+toxicity+equivalency+factors+%28TEFs%29+from+the+public+health+assessment+perspective.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H%3BHoller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nature, extent, and impact of Superfund hazardous waste sites. AN - 77499342; 7670857 AB - Uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are major environmental and public health concerns in the United States and elsewhere. The identification and remediation of and public health responses to these sites are mandated by the U.S. federal Superfund statute. Since its enactment into law in 1980, approximately 40,000 uncontrolled waste sites have been identified in the United States. Approximately 1,300 of these sites constitute the current national Superfund priority list of sites for remediation. Results from analyses are described that characterize the priority hazardous substances released from Superfund sites and the extent of hazard posed to residential communities. Findings from the United States' experience in responding to uncontrolled waste sites are relevant to other countries as they address similar environmental and public health concerns. JF - Chemosphere AU - Johnson, B L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2415 EP - 2428 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Humans KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Hazardous Waste -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Waste Management -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Waste Management -- methods KW - Waste Management -- standards KW - Hazardous Waste -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77499342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Nature%2C+extent%2C+and+impact+of+Superfund+hazardous+waste+sites.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fibrogenic potentials of coal slags used as abrasive blasting substitutes. AN - 77397658; 7609007 AB - This study was designed to examine the fibrogenic potentials of four coal slags that are being used as substitutes for silica sand in abrasive blasting. Six groups of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats, including four coal slag groups, a vehicle control, and a positive control for fibrosis (Minusil quartz), were used. Each dust treatment group was given a single 40-mg dose of test agent via intratracheal instillation. Interim sacrifices of 15 animals per group were performed at 2 d, 3 mo, and 6 mo posttreatment, with the terminal sacrifice conducted at 12 mo. Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic sections were prepared from designated formalin-fixed tissues collected at each necropsy and examined microscopically. Pulmonary silicon analyses were performed for each group at the 2-d and 12-mo sacrifices. Pulmonary function analyses were conducted for each group at the 3-, 6-, and 12-mo sacrifices. Lung hydroxyproline analyses were conducted for 15 animals in each group at the terminal sacrifice. The pulmonary fibrogenic potentials of the four coal slag groups were compared histologically with the Minusil and vehicle controls. A mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis, which was progressive with time, was noted in each of the coal slag groups. However, the coal slag-induced lung fibrosis was much less than that produced by Minusil. Differences in fibrosis among the individual coal slags were relatively minor and certainly not as striking as those between the slags and Minusil. Other data derived from this study, such as lung hydroxyproline content, pulmonary particulate burdens, pulmonary function, and animal body weights, provided further evidence of a reduced toxicity for the coal slags compared to Minusil. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Stettler, L E AU - Salomon, R A AU - Platek, S F AU - Moorman, W J AU - Clark, J C AU - Krieg, E F AU - Phipps, F C AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 349 EP - 365 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Respiratory Mechanics -- drug effects KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Quartz -- toxicity KW - Coal -- toxicity KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Coal -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77397658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Fibrogenic+potentials+of+coal+slags+used+as+abrasive+blasting+substitutes.&rft.au=Stettler%2C+L+E%3BSalomon%2C+R+A%3BPlatek%2C+S+F%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BClark%2C+J+C%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BPhipps%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Stettler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspective on the 1986 Food and Drug Administration assessment of the safety of carbohydrate sweeteners: uniform definitions and recommendations for future assessments. AN - 77358849; 7598073 AB - Carbohydrate sweeteners in the diet, which are sources of added sugars, have recently undergone changes that vary considerably among countries. The major driving force for these changes is a technological development that permits conversion of corn and other starches to sweeteners. Major changes in the type of sweeteners used in the United States began in the mid-1970s. In 1986 the US Food and Drug Administration comprehensively evaluated exposures and potential health effects of sugars contained in carbohydrate sweeteners. A UK Department of Health report followed in 1989. An overview of issues is provided, terminologies used to describe sugars and sweeteners are defined, the findings of the US and UK reports are reviewed, trends in the availability of added and naturally occurring sugars are evaluated, and recommendations for future assessment of sugars are discussed. The potential problem of underreporting of food intakes in national food consumption surveys is also reviewed. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Glinsmann, W H AU - Park, Y K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 161S EP - 168S; discussion 169S VL - 62 IS - 1 Suppl SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Sweetening Agents KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Eating KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Humans KW - United Kingdom KW - Sweetening Agents -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- analysis KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards KW - Sweetening Agents -- analysis KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- adverse effects KW - Sweetening Agents -- standards KW - Dietary Carbohydrates -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77358849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Perspective+on+the+1986+Food+and+Drug+Administration+assessment+of+the+safety+of+carbohydrate+sweeteners%3A+uniform+definitions+and+recommendations+for+future+assessments.&rft.au=Glinsmann%2C+W+H%3BPark%2C+Y+K&rft.aulast=Glinsmann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1+Suppl&rft.spage=161S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. AN - 77342972; 7790090 AB - Defining the pattern of lymphokine production associated with Brucella abortus is critical for advancing the development of B. abortus as a vaccine carrier. In the present study we investigated the ability of heat-inactivated B. abortus or lipopolysaccharide from B. abortus to induce lymphokine production from purified human T cells in vitro. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. Phytohemagglutinin or phorbol myristate acetate plus ionomycin induced mRNA and protein for all these cytokines. Similar results were obtained with LPS purified from B. abortus. Removal of NK cells did not reduce lymphokine production, and enriched NK cells did not express IFN-gamma mRNA or secrete IFN-gamma protein in response to B. abortus, indicating that NK cells were not the responding population. Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. Preincubation of resting T cells with B. abortus or LPS from B. abortus for 7 days induced their differentiation into Th1-like cells as judged by their subsequent lymphokine response to phorbol myristate acetate plus ionomycin. These results suggest that B. abortus can induce differentiation of Th0 into Th1-type cells. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Zaitseva, M B AU - Golding, H AU - Betts, M AU - Yamauchi, A AU - Bloom, E T AU - Butler, L E AU - Stevan, L AU - Golding, B AD - Laboratory of Retrovirus Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - July 1995 SP - 2720 EP - 2728 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-4 -- biosynthesis KW - Ionomycin -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-2 -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Hot Temperature KW - Base Sequence KW - Interferon-gamma -- secretion KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- immunology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Th1 Cells -- immunology KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Brucella abortus -- immunology KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77342972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Human+peripheral+blood+CD4%2B+and+CD8%2B+T+cells+express+Th1-like+cytokine+mRNA+and+proteins+following+in+vitro+stimulation+with+heat-inactivated+Brucella+abortus.&rft.au=Zaitseva%2C+M+B%3BGolding%2C+H%3BBetts%2C+M%3BYamauchi%2C+A%3BBloom%2C+E+T%3BButler%2C+L+E%3BStevan%2C+L%3BGolding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Zaitseva&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gen Virol. 1989 Dec;70 ( Pt 12):3317-25 [2514255] J Virol. 1995 Jun;69(6):3299-307 [7745677] J Immunol. 1990 Oct 1;145(7):2183-8 [2144547] J Immunol. 1990 Dec 1;145(11):3911-6 [2123226] J Clin Invest. 1991 Jan;87(1):194-202 [1824631] J Exp Med. 1991 Jan 1;173(1):25-36 [1898663] Virology. 1991 Feb;180(2):822-5 [1846503] J Immunol. 1991 Feb 15;146(4):1322-7 [1825109] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4538-42 [1827920] J Immunol. 1991 Jul 1;147(1):306-11 [1675654] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991 May;7(5):435-46 [1678617] Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1417-20 [1910207] Immunol Today. 1991 Aug;12(8):256-7 [1680337] Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):279-82 [1681588] J Immunol. 1992 Feb 15;148(4):1222-9 [1371135] Infect Immun. 1992 Apr;60(4):1385-9 [1548064] Immunol Today. 1992 Feb;13(2):69-73 [1349483] Eur J Immunol. 1992 May;22(5):1179-84 [1533590] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Apr;8(4):479-86 [1350916] J Immunol. 1992 Nov 1;149(9):2977-83 [1401925] Biotechniques. 1993 Feb;14(2):244-9 [7679276] J Clin Invest. 1993 Mar;91(3):759-65 [8450057] Infect Immun. 1993 May;61(5):1722-9 [8478060] J Immunol. 1993 Jul 1;151(1):1-10 [8392095] Int Immunol. 1993 Aug;5(8):877-83 [8104472] Int Immunol. 1993 Sep;5(9):1119-28 [7902129] J Immunol. 1981 Jul;127(1):220-4 [6165766] Nature. 1982 Jan 14;295(5845):150-2 [6173757] J Exp Med. 1977 Apr 1;145(4):931-45 [323399] Eur J Immunol. 1978 Jul;8(7):459-63 [99320] Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294-9 [518835] J Exp Med. 1980 Apr 1;151(4):853-62 [6966310] J Exp Med. 1982 Apr 1;155(4):1198-203 [6174673] J Immunol. 1984 Dec;133(6):2966-71 [6436369] Annu Rev Immunol. 1985;3:477-500 [2415141] J Immunol. 1986 Apr 1;136(7):2348-57 [2419430] Nature. 1986 Oct 30-Nov 5;323(6091):819-22 [2430188] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):944-7 [3107127] FASEB J. 1988 Feb;2(2):108-15 [3277884] J Immunol. 1988 Feb 15;140(4):1022-7 [3125247] J Immunol. 1988 Apr 1;140(7):2121-7 [3127461] J Immunol. 1988 Aug 1;141(3):996-1005 [2456339] J Gen Virol. 1988 Dec;69 ( Pt 12):3113-20 [2462015] J Exp Med. 1989 Jan 1;169(1):59-72 [2521244] Immunol Today. 1988 Jan;9(1):28-31 [3076757] Adv Immunol. 1989;46:111-47 [2528896] Immunol Rev. 1989 Dec;112:161-82 [2575073] J Exp Med. 1993 Dec 1;178(6):2123-30 [7902409] Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):985-95 [7902780] J Immunol. 1990 Mar 1;144(5):1629-39 [1968485] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental Toxicity of Orange B Given to Rats in Drinking Water AN - 760214383; 13641622 AB - Orange B, a pyrazolone dye used to color frankfurter and sausage casings, was given in distilled drinking water to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats throughout gestation. Assessed on the basis of fluid consumption, the dose levels of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% corresponded to daily Orange B consumption of 0, 67.5, 129.6, 266.6, and 532.3 mg/kg body weight, respectively. On gestation day 20, the females were euthanized and cesarean sections were performed. Throughout gestation, the treated animals consumed less fluid than did the controls, but the decreases were not dose-related. Feed consumption and maternal weight gain were not affected. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No compound-related effects were seen in sternebral development. Ossification of the interparietal bones was reduced at some dose levels, but the decreases were considered random because of absence of dose response. No dose-related effect was seen in the incidence of skeletal variations in fetuses or in the number of litters containing fetuses with skeletal variations. Skeletal development, as measured by the average number of ossified vertebrae, was similar in all groups. Soft-tissue development was not affected by dose levels of 0.05 to 0.2%. In animals treated with 0.4% Orange B, significant increases were seen in the incidence of hydroureters (severe and moderate), in the average numbers of fetuses with at least one and at least two soft-tissue variations per litter, and in the percentage of litters containing fetuses with at least two soft-tissue variations. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Collins, TFX AU - Black, T N AU - Ruggles, DI AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition U.S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, Maryland Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - Jul 1995 SP - 387 EP - 397 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Litter KW - Development KW - Toxicity KW - Fetuses KW - Vertebrae KW - Color KW - Pregnancy KW - Bone KW - Spine KW - Ossification KW - Body weight KW - Frankfurters KW - Gestation KW - Cesarean section KW - Sausages KW - Drinking water KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Developmental+Toxicity+of+Orange+B+Given+to+Rats+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Collins%2C+TFX%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRuggles%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=TFX&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379501100402 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Litter; Toxicity; Development; Vertebrae; Fetuses; Pregnancy; Color; Bone; Spine; Body weight; Ossification; Frankfurters; Gestation; Cesarean section; Sausages; Drinking water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379501100402 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of end point overdispersions on the validity of single-dose tumorigenicity assays AN - 16467050; 4422449 AB - Overdispersion can found in tumor incidence and tumor latency end point values obtained by the conventional assays that are being used to assess the tumorigenicity of neoplastic cells growing in tissue culture. Failure to account for such wide variations in end point data can lead to incorrect assessments of the neoplastic cell tumorigenic phenotype and misinterpretations of data relating genetic functions to tumor-forming capacity. This problem suggests the need for more detailed analyses of the relationships that exist between tumor cell dose and the parameters being used to measure tumorigenicity. (DBO) JF - Cancer Letters AU - Lewis, AM Jr AU - Banks, S M AU - Soddu, S AU - Cook, J L AD - Office Vaccine Res. and Review, Cent. for Biologics Evaluation and Res., FDA, Bldg. 29B, Rm. 1NN24, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 400, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1995/07// PY - 1995 DA - Jul 1995 SP - 179 EP - 186 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - animal models KW - bioassays KW - carcinogenicity KW - toxicity testing KW - viruses KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16467050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+end+point+overdispersions+on+the+validity+of+single-dose+tumorigenicity+assays&rft.au=Lewis%2C+AM+Jr%3BBanks%2C+S+M%3BSoddu%2C+S%3BCook%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.date=1995-07-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neoplastic transformation of neonatal human fibroblasts exposed in vitro to radiation from a quartz-halogen lamp. AN - 77812066; 8555010 AB - The use of unfiltered quartz-halogen lamps exposes human skin to radiation that spans much of the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. Reports indicate that exposure to quartz-halogen lamps is erythemogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. To compare the carcinogenic potential of quartz-halogen lamps with that of other UV sources, we determined the dose dependence for cytotoxicity and neoplastic transformation in neonatal human fibroblasts exposed in vitro to: a 15 W germicidal lamp (primarily 254 nm radiation), a 15 W Cool White fluorescent lamp, and an unfiltered 20 W quartz-halogen lamp. Fluence-survival relationships were multiphasic with linear dose response below about 40% survival, and all three sources produced fluence-dependent transformation as indicated by induction of anchorage-independent growth. Maximum transformation frequencies were observed at fluences of 5-8 J/m2 for the germicidal lamp, 6.3 kJ/m2 for the fluorescent lamp, and 300 J/m2 for the quartz-halogen lamp. These data confirm the carcinogenic potential of the quartz-halogen lamp. JF - Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine AU - West, R W AU - Rowland, K L AU - Miller, S A AU - Beer, J Z AD - National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0905-4383, 0905-4383 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis -- radiation effects KW - Erythema -- etiology KW - Equipment Design KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- pathology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Cell Death -- radiation effects KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Cell Survival -- radiation effects KW - Cell Division -- radiation effects KW - Fibroblasts -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Fibroblasts -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77812066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photodermatology%2C+photoimmunology+%26+photomedicine&rft.atitle=Neoplastic+transformation+of+neonatal+human+fibroblasts+exposed+in+vitro+to+radiation+from+a+quartz-halogen+lamp.&rft.au=West%2C+R+W%3BRowland%2C+K+L%3BMiller%2C+S+A%3BBeer%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photodermatology%2C+photoimmunology+%26+photomedicine&rft.issn=09054383&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality study of workers in 1,3-butadiene production units identified from a chemical workers cohort. AN - 77607717; 7556014 AB - The International Agency for Research on Cancer has given the designations of "sufficient evidence" of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in experimental animals and "limited evidence" of carcinogenicity in humans. To investigate the carcinogenic effect in humans, we conducted a cohort mortality study among 364 men who were assigned to any of three 1,3-butadiene production units located within several chemical plants in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia, including 277 men employed in a U.S. Rubber Reserve Plant which operated during World War II. The butadiene production units included in this study were selected from an index developed by the Union Carbide Corporation, which listed for each chemical production unit within their South Charleston, West Virginia and Institute, West Virginia, plants all products, by-products, and reactants. Departments included in the study were those where butadiene was a primary product and neither benzene nor ethylene oxide was present. A total of 185 deaths were observed; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 91, reflecting lower mortality among the study population than the U.S. population. The study found a significantly elevated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma based on four observed cases (SMR = 577; 95% CI = 157-1480), which persisted in an analysis using county referent rates. An excess of lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma among all workers and among workers with routine exposure to 1,3-butadiene was also observed in the only other cohort of 1,3-butadiene production workers previously studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ward, E M AU - Fajen, J M AU - Ruder, A M AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Halperin, W E AU - Fessler-Flesch, C A AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 598 EP - 603 VL - 103 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Butadienes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- mortality KW - Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse -- mortality KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- chemically induced KW - Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Butadienes -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Chemical Industry KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77607717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Mortality+study+of+workers+in+1%2C3-butadiene+production+units+identified+from+a+chemical+workers+cohort.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BRinsky%2C+R+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BFessler-Flesch%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=598&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):548-9 [3966163] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1982 Dec;8(4):250-9 [7170621] J Occup Med. 1983 Feb;25(2):115-24 [6687607] Cancer Res. 1977 Aug;37(8 Pt 1):2717-20 [872098] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1969 Jun;42(6):1101-14 [5793189] Toxicology. 1986 Oct;41(2):213-31 [3764943] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):843-54 [1442750] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992 Apr;18(2):90-6 [1604278] Am J Ind Med. 1992;21(2):235-51 [1536157] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Cancer Res. 1990 Oct 15;50(20):6592-9 [2208121] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:119-28 [2401252] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:107-17 [2401250] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:103-6 [2205482] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(6):631-43 [2556914] Am J Ind Med. 1988;13(4):429-38 [3284337] Am J Ind Med. 1987;12(3):311-29 [3674024] J Occup Med. 1987 Aug;29(8):675-80 [3655951] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experience-based teaching of therapeutics and clinical pharmacology of antiepileptic drugs. Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: do antiepileptic drugs have a role? AN - 77505291; 7665717 AB - The contents of this paper have been written to be used in a teaching program specifically designed for medical postgraduate education of resident physicians and fellows in training interested in the clinical pharmacology of antiepileptic drugs and their role in the treatment of epilepsy and/or in the prevention of sudden unexpected death associated with this disease. With some modifications, such as a specific lecture to provide an overview of the numerous concepts presented in the text, the article could be used when teaching fourth-year medical students. The format of the paper is a combination of didactic review and eight case reports in a self-learning format. A quiz for self-assessment is included at the end of the article (see Appendix). This material was covered in part in the 1992 Board Review Course for Clinical Pharmacology sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology. The format or setting of instruction for this material could include small learning groups composed of 10 to 15 students. When used in combination with other topics prepared in similar formats, this could become a take home course for those preparing to take the Boards in Clinical Pharmacology. Each instructor could select specific publications from the reference list for assigned readings depending upon the material emphasized by the instructor. The questions included at the end of the text could be used as either a closed or an open book quiz to assess student learning. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Lathers, C M AU - Schraeder, P L AD - Cardio-Renal Division, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 573 EP - 86; quiz 586-7 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Death, Sudden, Cardiac -- etiology KW - Pharmacology, Clinical -- education KW - Education, Pharmacy -- methods KW - Anticonvulsants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Death, Sudden -- etiology KW - Epilepsy -- complications KW - Anticonvulsants -- adverse effects KW - Epilepsy -- drug therapy KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Therapeutics -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77505291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Experience-based+teaching+of+therapeutics+and+clinical+pharmacology+of+antiepileptic+drugs.+Sudden+unexplained+death+in+epilepsy%3A+do+antiepileptic+drugs+have+a+role%3F&rft.au=Lathers%2C+C+M%3BSchraeder%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on several complex brain functions in monkeys. AN - 77503236; 7667344 AB - The effects of MDMA were assessed in rhesus macaques using behavior in an operant test battery (OTB) consisting of five food-reinforced tasks designed to model aspects of time estimation, short-term memory, and attention, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. Testing occurred 30 min after intramuscular, injections of MDMA (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg). The behavioral endpoints monitored included percent task completed, response rate or latency, and response accuracy. Percent task completed was significantly decreased in the time estimation, learning, and motivation tasks at 1.0 mg/kg as compared to saline controls. Response accuracies in the time estimation and learning tasks were also decreased at 1.0 mg/kg. Response rate was decreased at 1.0 mg/kg in the motivation task but was not significantly affected in any other tasks. No behavioral endpoints were significantly affected in the short-term memory and attention and color and position discrimination tasks at any dose tested. Results indicate that time estimation, motivation, and learning are more sensitive to the acute effects of MDMA than are short-term memory and attention and color and position discrimination. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Frederick, D L AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 301 EP - 307 VL - 51 IS - 2-3 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Motivation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Color Perception -- drug effects KW - Male KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Mental Processes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77503236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+methylenedioxymethamphetamine+%28MDMA%29+on+several+complex+brain+functions+in+monkeys.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A detailed analysis of work-related injury among youth treated in emergency departments. AN - 77461835; 7645574 AB - Telephone interviews were conducted with 146 14- to 16-year-olds who incurred an occupational injury treated in an emergency department during the period July through September 1992. Thirty-two percent of the injuries occurred as the result of using equipment. Over half the workers reported not having received prior training on how to avoid injury. The injury limited normal activities for at least 1 day for 68% of the youth and for more than a week for 25%, corresponding to an estimated 6,208 (95% CI: 4,277, 8,139) and 2,639 (95% CI: 1,580, 3,699) youths nationwide, respectively. Employment in retail trades, equipment use, lack of training, and burn injuries were associated with increased limitation of normal activities. Nineteen percent of the youths appear to have been injured in jobs declared to be hazardous, or typically prohibited for their age (14- and 15-year-olds) under federal child labor laws. The prohibited job directly contributed to the injury in 64% of these cases. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Knight, E B AU - Castillo, D N AU - Layne, L A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 793 EP - 805 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Employment -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Equipment Safety -- standards KW - Burns -- etiology KW - Burns -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Seasons KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Emergency Medical Services -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77461835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+detailed+analysis+of+work-related+injury+among+youth+treated+in+emergency+departments.&rft.au=Knight%2C+E+B%3BCastillo%2C+D+N%3BLayne%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum reactivities to latex proteins (Hevea brasiliensis). AN - 77358381; 7797788 AB - In recent years there has been an increasing incidence of allergy to latex among health care workers and children with spina bifida. The allergic response in these individuals can be severe and occasionally fatal. Several allergens have been identified with the use of sera from different patient groups. In our effort to identify reagents for in vitro testing and clinical use, we investigated the reactivities of latex proteins to sera collected from a wide range of patients with latex allergy. Twenty-six serum samples were obtained from adult patients with latex allergy, both hospital workers and non-hospital workers. Serum pools were made either from sera of children with spina bifida or sera of adult patients with latex allergy. Proteins from C-serum and latex particles of latex sap (nonammoniated) were separated by different gel electrophoresis techniques and evaluated for specific IgE binding by immunoblotting. More than 50% of the sera tested reacted to an 18 kd protein, a 25.6 kd acidic protein with an isoelectric point of 3.5, or to both proteins; whereas only 23% of the individual serum samples tested reacted to the rubber elongation factor, which has been reported to be a major latex allergen. The immunoreactive patterns of children's and adults' serum pools were similar but not identical. With the use of gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting techniques, different immunoreactive proteins were identified in C-serum and particles of latex. Rubber elongation factor, which reacted to only 23% of sera tested, did not appear to cross-react immunologically with other latex allergens. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Akasawa, A AU - Hsieh, L S AU - Lin, Y AD - Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1441, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 1196 EP - 1205 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Plant KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Proteins KW - citrate-binding transport protein KW - REF protein, Hevea brasiliensis KW - 127497-36-3 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Spinal Dysraphism -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- blood KW - Spinal Dysraphism -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Allergens -- chemistry KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Carrier Proteins -- immunology KW - Latex -- metabolism KW - Allergens -- metabolism KW - Hypersensitivity -- blood KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- metabolism KW - Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- immunology KW - Latex -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77358381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Serum+reactivities+to+latex+proteins+%28Hevea+brasiliensis%29.&rft.au=Akasawa%2C+A%3BHsieh%2C+L+S%3BLin%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Akasawa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ozone generating devices to improve indoor air quality. AN - 77321277; 7778526 AB - Room ozonization has been in widespread use to "freshen" indoor air for more than 100 years. This use is sometimes promoted with the claim that ozone can oxidize airborne gases, and even particulates, to simple carbon dioxide and water vapor. Aside from whether ozone can improve indoor air quality, the potentially deleterious consequences to public health of overexposure to ozone are of concern. The literature on both allegations is reviewed. It indicates that ozone is not a practical and effective means of improving indoor air quality, especially in light of its potentially serious risk to health. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Boeniger, M F AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 590 EP - 598 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Smell -- drug effects KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Ozone -- chemistry KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77321277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Use+of+ozone+generating+devices+to+improve+indoor+air+quality.&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=590&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-11 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benign intracranial hypertension in children with growth hormone deficiency treated with growth hormone. AN - 77313432; 7776116 AB - We report 13 cases of benign intracranial hypertension (IH) in children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency treated with GH in the United States. The group consisted of eight boys and five girls, 3 to 16 years of age (median, 9 years). The interval from starting GH therapy to diagnosis of IH was 2 weeks or less in six patients, between 2 and 12 weeks in four, 8 months in one, 5 years in one, and unknown in one. Seven patients were not known to have previously described IH risk factors; the other six had at least one factor each. All patients but one had headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual changes. All had papilledema, and cerebrospinal fluid pressures were elevated (> 250 mm H2O) in all nine patients tested. The GH dosage range was 0.17 to 0.35 mg per kilogram body weight per week (median, 0.30 mg/kg per week) for the 11 patients with dosage data. After discontinuation of GH and treatment with lumbar punctures and/or medications, signs and symptoms resolved in eight children; in two of these children signs and symptoms reappeared when GH therapy was restarted. In four patients signs and symptoms resolved while GH therapy was continued; one child was treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of an arachnoid cyst, after which GH was restarted without subsequent IH. In the 12 patients with idiopathic GH deficiency the course of IH was benign, with complete resolution of all signs and symptoms. Because doses and scheduling of GH administration have changed since the introduction of recombinant GH, higher doses and increased frequency of administration may be contributing to the development of IH in some patients. We suggest beginning therapy at the lowest recommended dose, with gradual titration to higher doses, and the performance of routine funduscopic examinations during initiation of GH therapy and whenever signs or symptoms of IH develop. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Malozowski, S AU - Tanner, L A AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Fleming, G A AU - Stadel, B V AD - Division of Metabolism, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 SP - 996 EP - 999 VL - 126 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Growth Hormone -- adverse effects KW - Pseudotumor Cerebri -- chemically induced KW - Growth Hormone -- deficiency KW - Growth Hormone -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77313432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Benign+intracranial+hypertension+in+children+with+growth+hormone+deficiency+treated+with+growth+hormone.&rft.au=Malozowski%2C+S%3BTanner%2C+L+A%3BWysowski%2C+D+K%3BFleming%2C+G+A%3BStadel%2C+B+V&rft.aulast=Malozowski&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=996&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation and T-lymphocyte mutation induction in F344 rats implanted with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene. AN - 77288764; 7757982 AB - Diesel emissions are known to induce tumors in experimental animals and are suspected of being carcinogenic in humans. Of the compounds associated with diesel exhaust, 1,6-dinitropyrene is a particularly potent mutagen and carcinogen. In these experiments, we have investigated the use of DNA adducts and T-lymphocyte mutations of 1,6-dinitropyrene as biomarkers for exposure to diesel emissions. 1,6-Dinitropyrene (0-150 micrograms) was applied directly to the lungs of male F344 rats according to a protocol known to induce lung tumors. In target (lung) and surrogate (liver, WBC, and spleen lymphocytes) tissues, one major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-6-nitropyrene, was detected by HPLC and/or 32P-postlabeling analyses. The levels of this adduct reached a maximum 1-7 days following treatment and decreased to 13-50% of the peak values by 28 days after dosing. In the lung, a 2-fold increase in dose resulted in a 2-fold increase in DNA binding up to the 30-micrograms dose; in the liver the same relationship was observed up to 10 micrograms 1,6-dinitropyrene. At higher doses, the extent of adduct formation still increased, but the rate was much lower than that occurring at lower doses. A limiting dilution clonal assay was used to measure mutation induction at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltranferase locus in spleen T lymphocytes. Following treatment, the mutant frequency increased until 21 weeks, remained constant until week 40, and then began to decrease. Mutant induction was dose related, with the increase in mutant frequency being significant at doses > or = 1 microgram 1,6-dinitropyrene. These data indicate that 1,6-dinitropyrene, a constituent of diesel emissions, is metabolically activated by nitroreduction to give DNA adducts in target and surrogate tissues. They further suggest that T-lymphocyte mutations may be a more sensitive and longer-lived biomarker than DNA adducts for assessing previous exposures to nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Cancer research AU - Smith, B A AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Heflich, R H AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/06/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jun 01 SP - 2316 EP - 2324 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - hprt KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Drug Implants KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Leukocytes -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Leukocytes -- physiology KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Leukocytes -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- administration & dosage KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - T-Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77288764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation+and+T-lymphocyte+mutation+induction+in+F344+rats+implanted+with+tumorigenic+doses+of+1%2C6-dinitropyrene.&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+A%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hprt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National household survey on drug abuse: main findings, 1993 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 95-3020 AN - 59711706; 1995-1106960 AB - Prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco for persons aged 12 and over; US. Demographic correlates; frequency and patterns of drug use since 1976. JF - Superintendent of Documents, June 1995. 173+ pp. Y1 - 1995/06// PY - 1995 DA - June 1995 EP - 173+ PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Drug abuse -- United States -- Statistics KW - Smoking -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Drinking behavior -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59711706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1993&rft.title=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1993&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductive dehalogenation of bromoform in aqueous solution. AN - 36351496; 201002-31-0247350 (CE); 11701692 (EN) AB - The hybrid semiconducter-macrocycle catalyst TiO2-cobalt phthalocyanine promotes the solar photolysis of aqueous bromoform under anaerobic conditions. The major decomposition products are dibromoethane and HBr. Bromomethane and methane were produced only after prolonged photolysis (30 hr). Acetone, derived from added 2-propanol, was the only observed oxidation product. Preliminary experiments showed that electrolytic reduction of aqueous carbon tetrachloride at a vitamin B12-modified silver electrode produced the expected lower homologues but with surprisingly high yields of methane. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Betterton, E A AU - Arnold, R G AU - Kuhler, R J AU - Santo, G A AD - Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 89 EP - 91 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Methane KW - Photolysis KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Electrodes KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Reduction (electrolytic) KW - Acetone KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36351496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Reductive+dehalogenation+of+bromoform+in+aqueous+solution.&rft.au=Betterton%2C+E+A%3BArnold%2C+R+G%3BKuhler%2C+R+J%3BSanto%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Betterton&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasmid transfer for enhancing degradation capabilities. AN - 36341634; 201002-31-0247348 (CE); 11701690 (EN) AB - The kinetics of plasmid conjugation for the TOL and RP4 plasmids depend strongly on the donor cells' specific growth rate and substrate concentration, both of which determine the cells' energy availability. Although transfer rates can be large when energy availability is high, normal biological processes have low energy availability. Therefore, we propose and evaluate preliminarily a simple scheme to create a small zone of high energy availability. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rittmann, B E AU - Smets, B F AU - MacDonald, J A AU - Stahl, D A AD - Environmental Engineering Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 113 EP - 115 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Availability KW - Conjugation KW - Degradation KW - Low energy KW - Health KW - Biological KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Plasmid+transfer+for+enhancing+degradation+capabilities.&rft.au=Rittmann%2C+B+E%3BSmets%2C+B+F%3BMacDonald%2C+J+A%3BStahl%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Rittmann&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by ligninolytic fungi. AN - 36337158; 201002-31-0247351 (CE); 11701694 (EN) AB - Ligninolytic fungi accomplish the partial degradation of numerous aromatic organopollutants. Their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is particularly interesting because eukaryotes were previously considered to be unable to cleave fused-ring aromatics. Recent results indicate that extracellular peroxidases of these fungi are responsible for the initial oxidation of PAHs. Fungal lignin peroxidases oxidize certain PAHs directly, whereas fungal manganese peroxidases co-oxidize them indirectly during enzyme-mediated lipid peroxidation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hammel, K E AD - Forest Products Laboratory-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2398, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 41 EP - 43 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fungi KW - Polyallylamine hydrochloride KW - Peroxidase KW - Degradation KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Lipids KW - Manganese KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+for+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+degradation+by+ligninolytic+fungi.&rft.au=Hammel%2C+K+E&rft.aulast=Hammel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling organic chemical fate in aquatic systems: significance of bioaccumulation and relevant time-space scales. AN - 36336223; 201002-31-0247352 (CE); 11701695 (EN) AB - The importance of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in contributing to human dose is derived. It is shown that for chemicals with log octanol water partition coefficients greater than about 3, the role of food chain transfer to fish consumed by humans becomes the more dominant route over drinking water. Modeling of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation then becomes necessary to accurately estimate dose of such chemicals to humans. The relevant time and space scales for groundwater and surface water also indicate a division of organic chemicals at a log octanol water partition coefficient of about 3. For chemicals greater than that level, groundwater transport is minimal, while for chemicals with log octanol water coefficients of less than about 3, detention times are long relative to surface water and biodegradation processes become more significant. An illustration is given of modeling the groundwater transport of two organic chemicals (BCEE and benzene) and a metal (chromium) at a Superfund site. The model indicates that after 10 years only a relatively small fraction of the chemicals had traveled in the groundwater about 300 m to the point of release from the site to surface water. On the other hand, steady state in the adjacent stream and lake is reached rapidly over a distance of 2000 m, illustrating the difference in spatial and temporal scales for the groundwater and surface water. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Thomann, R V AD - Environmental Engineering Department, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York 10471, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 53 EP - 57 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Groundwater KW - Surface water KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Drinking water KW - Mathematical models KW - Food chain KW - Octanol KW - Human KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36336223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Modeling+organic+chemical+fate+in+aquatic+systems%3A+significance+of+bioaccumulation+and+relevant+time-space+scales.&rft.au=Thomann%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Thomann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological attributes of microbial BTEX degradation in oxygen-limited environments. AN - 36335800; 201002-31-0247349 (CE); 11701691 (EN) AB - Our work has focused on the determination of physiological traits that may facilitate in situ degradation of xenobiotic compounds by indigenous microorganisms. For this our interests center on the following questions: What are the ambient conditions in a benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX)-contaminated aquifer? What is the behavior of indigenous bacteria under these conditions? What are the attributes of bacterial strains that are functional under hypoxic conditions? How do these strains compare with other BTEX-degrading strains? JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Olsen, R H AU - Mikesell, M D AU - Kukor, J J AU - Byrne, A M AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 49 EP - 51 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Microorganisms KW - Strain KW - Degradation KW - Toluene KW - Aquifers KW - Ethylbenzene KW - Xylene KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Physiological+attributes+of+microbial+BTEX+degradation+in+oxygen-limited+environments.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+R+H%3BMikesell%2C+M+D%3BKukor%2C+J+J%3BByrne%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mathematical modeling of BTX: biotransformation and transport in the subsurface. AN - 36333516; 201002-31-0247346 (CE); 11701688 (EN) AB - A two-dimensional compositional model is presented; this model describes the transport and biotransformation of organic contaminants in a variably saturated subsurface environment. Modeled processes included mass exchange between constituent phases (water, air, soil, and organisms), advective and dispersive fluxes in the water phase, diffusive flux in the air phase, and biotransformation and biomass production in the biophase. In this model, solute transfer across air/water and water/solid interfaces is modeled using equilibrium relationships. Rate-limited mass transfer between the water and biophases is described with a linear driving force expression. Microbial degradation and biomass net growth are modeled by Monod-type kinetics. Solute transport and microbial growth equations are solved using an iterative Galerkin finite element method with a variable time-weighting scheme. Coupled biophase mass balance equations for each component are solved with a Newton-Raphson iterative scheme. Model capabilities are illustrated with two-dimensional, cross-sectional simulations of natural bioattenuation. The influence of biotransformation processes on the transport and extent of a toluene plume is examined. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Abriola, L M AU - Chen, Y M AD - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2125, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 85 EP - 88 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Microorganisms KW - Biotransformation KW - Transport KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Phases KW - Biomass KW - Computer simulation KW - Article KW - EE 30:Soil Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36333516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mathematical+modeling+of+BTX%3A+biotransformation+and+transport+in+the+subsurface.&rft.au=Abriola%2C+L+M%3BChen%2C+Y+M&rft.aulast=Abriola&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of sorbed chemicals in soil. AN - 36322015; 201002-31-0247347 (CE); 11701689 (EN) AB - Rates of biodegradation of sorbed chemicals are usually lower in soil than in aqueous systems, in part because sorption reduces the availability of the chemical to microorganisms. Biodegradation, sorption, and diffusion occur simultaneously and are tightly coupled. In soil, the rate of biodegradation is a function of a chemical's diffusion coefficient, sorption partition coefficient, the distance it must diffuse from the site of sorption to microbial populations that can degrade it, and its biodegradation rate constant. A model (DSB model) was developed that describes biodegradation of chemicals limited in the availability by sorption and diffusion. Different kinetics expressions describe biodegradation depending on whether the reaction is controlled by mass transfer (diffusion and sorption) or the intrinsic biodegradation rate, and whether biodegradation begins during or after the majority of sorption has occurred. We tested the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between how strongly a chemical is sorbed and the chemical's biodegradation rate. In six soils with different organic carbon contents, there was no relationship between the extent or rate of biodegradation and the sorption partition coefficient for phenanthrene. Aging of phenanthrene residues in soil led to a substantial reduction in the rate of biodegradation compared to biodegradation rates of recently added phenanthrene. Considerable research has focused on identification and development of techniques for enhancing in situ biodegradation of sorbed chemicals. Development of such techniques, especially those involving inoculation with microbial strains, should consider physical mass transfer limitations and potential decreases in bioavailability over time. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Scow, K M AU - Fan, S AU - Johnson, C AU - Ma, G M AD - Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 93 EP - 95 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Biodegradation KW - Sorption KW - Microorganisms KW - Mathematical models KW - Soil (material) KW - Diffusion KW - Phenanthrene KW - Coefficients KW - Article KW - EE 30:Soil Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+sorbed+chemicals+in+soil.&rft.au=Scow%2C+K+M%3BFan%2C+S%3BJohnson%2C+C%3BMa%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Scow&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide in whole blood. AN - 77493734; 7663697 AB - There is considerable interest in determining 4-hydroxycylcophosphamide/aldophosphamide (4-HO-CP/AP) blood levels in patients receiving the prodrug, cyclophosphamide (CP). Phosphoramide mustard (PM), the alkylating metabolite of CP, is relatively impermeable to cell membranes and it is generally believed that circulating intermediary metabolites, including aldophosphamide, the immediate precursor of PM, is transported by circulating blood to tumor tissue. Therefore, circulating 4-HO-CP/AP blood levels should more closely reflect the oncostatic and cytotoxic effects of CP than the parent drug. We have developed a gas chromatographic electron-impact mass spectrometric (GC-EIMS) method suitable for routine monitoring of 4-HO-CP/AP levels in whole blood over the range 0.085 microM (25 ng/ml) to 34 microM (10 micrograms/ml). The unstable metabolites were derivatized with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine-HCl to form a stable aldophosphamide oxime derivative (PBOX). [2H4]PBOX was used as an internal standard. For clinical samples, tubes were prepared prior to blood drawing, which contained the derivatizing reagent solution and the internal standard. These solutions were stable for up to 3 months when stored at room temperature. Following addition of blood to the reaction tubes, PBOX formation was rapid and the resulting derivative was stable under these conditions for up to 8 days at room temperature. Application of the method was demonstrated by quantitating 4-HO-CP/AP blood levels in patients receiving 4 g/m2 intravenous infusion of CP over a period of 90 min. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications AU - Anderson, L W AU - Ludeman, S M AU - Colvin, O M AU - Grochow, L B AU - Strong, J M AD - Department of Clinical Pharmacology, US FDA, CDER, ORR, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 1995/05/19/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 May 19 SP - 247 EP - 257 VL - 667 IS - 2 SN - 1572-6495, 1572-6495 KW - Hydroxylamines KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Phosphoramide Mustards KW - Prodrugs KW - 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide KW - 1XBF4E50HS KW - aldophosphamide KW - 35144-64-0 KW - Florox Reagent KW - 57981-02-9 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Drug Stability KW - Blood Specimen Collection -- methods KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclophosphamide -- chemistry KW - Cyclophosphamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Phosphoramide Mustards -- chemistry KW - Cyclophosphamide -- metabolism KW - Phosphoramide Mustards -- blood KW - Cyclophosphamide -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cyclophosphamide -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77493734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+4-hydroxycyclophosphamide%2Faldophosphamide+in+whole+blood.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+L+W%3BLudeman%2C+S+M%3BColvin%2C+O+M%3BGrochow%2C+L+B%3BStrong%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-05-19&rft.volume=667&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.issn=15726495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistic effects of IL-7 and IL-12 on human T cell activation. AN - 77237479; 7730615 AB - We have previously demonstrated that human rIL-12 alone can augment the development of cytotoxic activity in stimulated CD8+ T cells. The present study was undertaken to examine the interactions of rIL-7 and rIL-12 on human peripheral blood T cell activation and CTL differentiation. Purified T lymphocytes were pulsed overnight with immobilized alpha-CD3 and then cultured for 3 additional days with IL-7 and/or IL-12. The combination of IL-7 and IL-12 synergistically enhanced the proliferation of either fresh CD3+ T cells or an IL-2-dependent CD4+ T cell line, Kit-225-K6. This synergy was seen on both subsets of T cells; however, CD8+ T cells were usually more responsive to IL-7 and IL-12 at lower concentrations than were CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, these cytokines additively/synergistically augmented the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. Abs to IL-2 and IL-2R alpha blocked the synergistic effect on proliferation of CD4+ T cells, but had a minimal effect on the synergistic response of the proliferative and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. Examination of the effects of IL-7 and IL-12 on the expression of IL-12 receptor on T cells revealed an increase in the subunit of IL-12R by IL-7 as determined by flow cytometric analysis. We analyzed the effects on IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells and found that IL-7 alone did not induce detectable levels of IFN-gamma production but together with IL-12 it synergistically enhanced the production of IFN-gamma. We also found that IFN-gamma was probably not required for enhanced CTL activity of CD8+ T cells, because Ab to human IFN-gamma did not block additive/synergistic effects of either cytokine. The synergistic stimulatory activity of IL-7 and IL-12 may be of significance in vivo and may provide an alternative mechanism of stimulating T cells for use in immunotherapy. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Mehrotra, P T AU - Grant, A J AU - Siegel, J P AD - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1995/05/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 May 15 SP - 5093 EP - 5102 VL - 154 IS - 10 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Interleukin-7 KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-12 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Interferon-gamma -- biosynthesis KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-2 -- physiology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Up-Regulation -- physiology KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-12 -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- immunology KW - Interleukin-7 -- immunology KW - Interleukin-12 -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-7 -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77237479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Synergistic+effects+of+IL-7+and+IL-12+on+human+T+cell+activation.&rft.au=Mehrotra%2C+P+T%3BGrant%2C+A+J%3BSiegel%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Mehrotra&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-05-15&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary restriction on partial hepatectomy-induced liver regeneration of aged F344 rats. AN - 77299286; 7767909 AB - Fourteen weeks-old male F344 rats maintained on a reduced caloric diet (60% of ad libitum (AL) food consumption) for 6 weeks or for 14 months did not affect the hepatic cell proliferation in terms of % S phase population, determined by evaluation of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from either young (5 months) or aged (18 months) rats. However, hepatic basal cellular DNA synthesis estimated by [3H]thymidine incorporation was reduced through acute dietary restriction (DR) in young rats, but increased in aged animals after 14 months restriction. Partial hepatectomy (PH) on aged rats stimulated hepatocyte regeneration and restored some aging-associated biochemical functions, such as drug metabolizing enzyme-dependent xenobiotic metabolic activation which was determined by measuring the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts. Forty-eight hours after partial hepatectomy, the % of S phase population and the basal nuclear DNA synthesis of hepatocytes isolated from the partial hepatectomized DR-rats were 4- and 2.8-fold, respectively, greater than those of hepatocytes from AL-animals. DR reduced aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolizing enzyme activity and decreased the AFB1-DNA adduct formation in young rats treated with AFB1. In aged AL-rats, the formation of AFB1-DNA adducts diminished to the same level as that of DR-groups and probably was due to the faster decline of drug metabolizing enzymes in aging AL-rats. However, 48 h after PH, the metabolic activation of AFB1 was restored in AL- and DR-groups which resulted in the increase of AFB1-DNA binding by 4.2 and 1.9-fold, respectively. During the liver regeneration of old PH-rats, DR inhibited the AFB1-DNA adduct formation after the PH-rats received a single dose of AFB1. DR increased benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolic activation in both young and aged rats. Aging also decreased BaP-DNA adduct formation in both DR and AL-rats. The increase of BaP-DNA adduct formation in PH-groups was attributed to the restoration of BaP-metabolizing enzyme activity during liver regeneration. The PH-stimulated BaP-DNA adduct formation in AL- and DR-rats was 3.4- and 2.0-fold greater than control aged rats. Our results indicated that the stimulation of PH-induced liver regeneration by DR in aged animals may be attributed to the retardation of aging by DR and the retention of more active biochemical and enzymological functions in old DR-animals. JF - Cancer letters AU - Chou, M W AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Kong, J AU - Hart, R W AU - Casciano, D A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/05/08/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 May 08 SP - 191 EP - 197 VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - DNA Damage KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- chemistry KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- chemistry KW - Organ Size KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Biotransformation KW - Hepatectomy KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Cell Division KW - Aging KW - Energy Intake KW - Liver Regeneration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77299286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+restriction+on+partial+hepatectomy-induced+liver+regeneration+of+aged+F344+rats.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BKong%2C+J%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-05-08&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation and in vitro neurotoxicity. AN - 77619086; 7554439 AB - 1. Validation of in vitro systems for studying neurotoxicants generally has not been accomplished, although in vitro tests have been used as screens to identify potential neurotoxic hazards and to study mechanisms. 2. A number of factors need to be taken into account when a test is validated: (i) a rationale for developing the test; (ii) clear biological or pathophysiological relevance of the endpoint to the effect detected in vivo; (iii) a standardized protocol and evidence of intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility; (iv) testing of chemicals representative of the categories of interest, including very toxic, moderately toxic and relatively non-toxic substances; and (v) a method to statistically evaluate the data. 3. Proper validation should lead to methods which can be used by regulatory agencies to make decisions regarding hazard/risk. JF - Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology AU - Green, S AD - Division of Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 383 EP - 384 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0305-1870, 0305-1870 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Neuroblastoma -- pathology KW - Animals KW - PC12 Cells -- cytology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Cells, Cultured KW - PC12 Cells -- drug effects KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Observer Variation KW - Cell Line KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77619086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+experimental+pharmacology+%26+physiology&rft.atitle=Validation+and+in+vitro+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Green%2C+S&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+experimental+pharmacology+%26+physiology&rft.issn=03051870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical concepts in the planning and evaluation of drug safety from clinical trials in drug development: issues of international harmonization. AN - 77535955; 7569506 AB - The assessment of the safety of new drugs during pre-marketing clinical studies is an important and integral part of the drug development and regulatory evaluation process. The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is a project that brings together the regulatory decision-makers of Europe, Japan and the United States of America and the experts from the pharmaceutical industry in the three regions to seek ways to eliminate redundant and duplicative technical requirements among the developed countries for registering new medicinal substances and products. The ICH is developing guidelines or position papers to achieve the goal of harmonizing technical standards in three broad areas, namely, drug efficacy, safety and quality. Within the area of drug safety, this paper will discuss three of the safety topics because of their relevant statistical framework, and because these topics have not, to date, received any attention by the statistical community. The three issues under consideration by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), are: 1. Dose-response information to support drug registration (especially dose/toxicity relationships). 2. Studies in support of special populations; Geriatrics, A Draft Guideline. 3. ICH Draft Guideline 3 on 'The extent of population exposure required to assess clinical safety for drugs intended for long-term-treatment of non-life-threatening conditions'. The ICH special population guideline concerning studies in geriatric patients is closely related to a recent Food and Drug Administration 'Guideline for the study and evaluation of gender differences in the clinical evaluation of drugs', which is another example of a 'subgroup' for whom specific interest exists to evaluate drug safety and efficacy. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - O'Neill, R T AD - Division of Biometrics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/FDA, Rockville, Maryland, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 117 EP - 127 VL - 14 IS - 9-10 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Odds Ratio KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - Europe KW - Biotransformation KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Population KW - Incidence KW - Sample Size KW - Female KW - Japan KW - Male KW - International Cooperation KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Drug Approval -- statistics & numerical data KW - Consensus Development Conferences as Topic KW - Drug Approval -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77535955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Statistical+concepts+in+the+planning+and+evaluation+of+drug+safety+from+clinical+trials+in+drug+development%3A+issues+of+international+harmonization.&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cause-of-death assignment at the National Center for Toxicological Research. AN - 77496632; 7659948 AB - The system for assigning cause of death in animal studies of carcinogenicity at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) is described. An empirical study of the NCTR's experience with its current cause-of-death assignment system based on selected representative experiments is reported. Issues investigated include the degree of confidence associated with histologic cause-of-death assignment, potential age-, dose-, and sex-related differences in assigned grades of certainty of cause of death, and frequencies of identification of various organ-specific and systemic diagnoses as the cause of death. Implications for age-adjusted statistical tests of carcinogenicity that require cause-of-death data are discussed. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Kodell, R L AU - Blackwell, B N AU - Bucci, T J AU - Greenman, D L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Histamine Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Histamine Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Biological Assay KW - Mice KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Male KW - Female KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- mortality KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77496632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Cause-of-death+assignment+at+the+National+Center+for+Toxicological+Research.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BBlackwell%2C+B+N%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BGreenman%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Caloric restriction and toxicity. AN - 77492976; 7665002 AB - The modulatory effects of caloric intake on the rate and extent of both spontaneous and induced disease incidence is well known, but the significance of these effects in the interpretation of testing data has only recently become appreciated. This is especially true relative to the impact of caloric intake on both survival and background incidence for common tumors. In order to enhance the health and survival of animals ongoing chronic toxicity testing it has been suggested that such tests should restrict food consumption. Although this restriction will result in increasing survival of the test animals, it may also effect the expression of toxicity by altering agent metabolism and disease progression. Focus in this symposium is on the necessity to control dietary consumption in toxicity tests (dietary control), and if such a need does exist to what level of consumption should be diet be focused (caloric restriction). JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hart, R W AU - Keenan, K AU - Turturro, A AU - Abdo, K M AU - Leakey, J AU - Lyn-Cook, B Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 184 EP - 195 VL - 25 IS - 2 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Enzymes -- metabolism KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77492976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Caloric+restriction+and+toxicity.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BKeenan%2C+K%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BAbdo%2C+K+M%3BLeakey%2C+J%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of recall on reporting of at-work injuries. AN - 77399244; 7610229 AB - Difficulty with recall of injuries can result in underestimates of injury incidence and bias in risk estimates in surveys based on self-reports. This study examined the effect of recall on estimates of at-work injury obtained from the 1988 Occupational Health Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey, which used a 12-month reference period for injury reporting. Estimates of annual injury incidence were obtained from recall intervals of increasing time between injury date and interview date. A linear model was fitted to these data to estimate the incidence rate expected if all respondents had been interviewed within 4 weeks of injury. The incidence rate for all at-work injuries adjusted for recall was 32 percent higher than the unadjusted rate. The percent increase in the estimates differed among demographic groups and by injury severity. Rate ratios comparing risk of injury between some demographic groups were also affected by adjustment for recall. A 12-month or longer reference period is frequently used in injury surveys in order to obtain an adequate number of injuries for analysis. A shorter reference period is desirable to provide more accurate estimates; however this necessitates increasing the size of the sample used in the survey. This increased cost must be balanced against the need for accurate information on injury. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Landen, D D AU - Hendricks, S AD - Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 350 EP - 354 VL - 110 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Mental Recall UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77399244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+recall+on+reporting+of+at-work+injuries.&rft.au=Landen%2C+D+D%3BHendricks%2C+S&rft.aulast=Landen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983 Sep;46(9):818-23 [6619890] J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988 Jul;36(7):613-6 [3385114] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):599-605 [8154563] Methods Inf Med. 1989 Jan;28(1):24-7 [2704299] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1988 Mar;42(1):76-82 [3418291] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality in a cohort of antimony smelter workers. AN - 77396321; 7611310 AB - Animal studies show that antimony may cause lung cancer and heart and lung disease in rodents. In exposed humans, ECG abnormalities and heart and lung disease have been reported. This mortality study of 1,014 men employed between 1937 and 1971 in a Texas antimony smelter consisted primarily of workers of Spanish ancestry (n = 928, 91.5%). Hispanics are known to smoke at much lower rates than non-Hispanics, and their lung cancer and heart disease mortality is generally low. When ethnic-specific Texas lung cancer death rates were used for comparison, mortality from lung cancer among antimony workers was elevated (SMR) 1.39, 90% CI 1.01-1.88), and we observed a significant positive trend in mortality with increasing duration of employment. When ischemic heart disease death rates from three different Spanish-surnamed populations were used for comparison, the rate ratios for mortality from ischemic heart disease were 0.91 (90% CI 0.84-1.09), 1.22 (90% CI 0.78-1.89), and 1.49 (90% CI 0.84-2.63). Pneumoconiosis/ other lung disease death rates for Spanish-surnamed men were unavailable and so calculation of rate ratios used white males as a comparison population (SMR 1.22; 90% CI 0.80-1.80). These data suggest some increased mortality from lung cancer and perhaps nonmalignant respiratory heart disease in workers exposed to antimony. However, conclusions are limited by possible confounders and the difficulty of identifying appropriate referent groups. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Steenland, K AU - Thun, M J AU - Rinsky, R A AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 759 EP - 770 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Antimony KW - 9IT35J3UV3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Lung Neoplasms -- ethnology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Survival Rate KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Female KW - Male KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases -- ethnology KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Antimony -- adverse effects KW - Metallurgy KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77396321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+in+a+cohort+of+antimony+smelter+workers.&rft.au=Schnorr%2C+T+M%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BThun%2C+M+J%3BRinsky%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Schnorr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue method for the chromatographic determination of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in raw agricultural products. AN - 77295870; 7756901 AB - A method is described for the determination of 19 triazine herbicides and 4 metabolites in 6 agricultural products that represent diverse matrixes. In addition, a modification of this method to determine the more water-soluble metabolite, desethyldesisopropylatrazine, is described. In both these procedures, residues are extracted with methanol, and the product coextractives are removed using solvent partition and cation-exchange solid-phase extraction chromatography. A nitrogen phosphorus detector and DB-17 megabore column are used for the temperature-programmed chromatographic determination of samples fortified at 0.02-1.0 ppm levels. Average recoveries ranged from 81.1 to 106.2% for the parent herbicides and from 59.6 to 87.5% for the metabolites on all crops. An average recovery of 101.1% was obtained for desethyldesisopropylatrazine. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pardue, J R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, SE Regional Laboratory, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 856 EP - 862 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Triazines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77295870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+method+for+the+chromatographic+determination+of+triazine+herbicides+and+their+metabolites+in+raw+agricultural+products.&rft.au=Pardue%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Pardue&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration monitoring of lead in domestic and imported ceramic dinnerware. AN - 77294367; 7756873 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted a survey of domestic and imported ceramic dinnerware from January to February 1992 to determine the status of lead leaching from this ware. Ceramicware was screened at the collection point by using the Quick Color Test (QCT); if the QCT was positive, the ware was analyzed in the laboratory by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). For imports, 5222 lots were examined using the QCT. Of these lots, 46 exceeded FDA's 1991 guidelines as determined by using AAS. For domestic ware, 676 lots were examined using the QCT, and 17 lots exceeded the 1991 guidelines. The violation rates, 0.9% for imports and 2.5% for domestic ware, were about twice as high as they would have been under the 1980 guidelines. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Baczynskyj, W M AU - Yess, N J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Field Program Planning and Evaluation, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 610 EP - 614 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Data Collection KW - Ceramics -- chemistry KW - Cooking and Eating Utensils KW - Lead -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77294367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+monitoring+of+lead+in+domestic+and+imported+ceramic+dinnerware.&rft.au=Baczynskyj%2C+W+M%3BYess%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Baczynskyj&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of deoxynivalenol in U.S. 1993 wheat and barley crops by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AN - 77290096; 7756875 AB - Wheat and barley from the 1993 crop year were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON). A total of 630 samples were collected by the Federal Grain Inspection Service in 25 states and analyzed using a commercially available, direct competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The limit of determination was about 0.5 micrograms/g. DON contamination in the 483 wheat samples averaged 2.0 micrograms/g and ranged from < 0.5 to 18 micrograms/g. DON contamination in the 147 barley samples averaged 4.2 micrograms/g and ranged from < 0.5 to 26 micrograms/g. About 40% fo the wheat samples and 57% of the barley samples contained DON levels that were greater than the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 1982 advisory level of 2 micrograms/g for DON in wheat designated for milling (human consumption). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Thomas, F AU - Young, K AU - Stack, M E AU - Fulgueras, W J AU - Page, S W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 631 EP - 636 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Food Inspection KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Hordeum -- chemistry KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77290096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Survey+of+deoxynivalenol+in+U.S.+1993+wheat+and+barley+crops+by+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BThomas%2C+F%3BYoung%2C+K%3BStack%2C+M+E%3BFulgueras%2C+W+J%3BPage%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homogeneous sample preparation of raw shrimp using dry ice. AN - 77285100; 7756906 AB - Sample homogeneity is critical to accurate and reproducible analysis of trace residues in foods. A method of uniform sample preparation using dry ice is described for shrimp. Other sample preparation techniques for raw shrimp produce nonhomogeneous samples. Sample homogeneity was determined through analysis of chloramphenicol added to intact tiger or white shrimp prior to sample preparation. Simulated chloramphenicol residue levels were 50, 15, 10, and 5 ppb. No significant differences were noted when analyses of shrimp inoculated with chlor-amphenicol prior to sample preparation with dry ice were compared with analyses of shrimp spiked after grinding with dry ice. Grinding shrimp with dry ice produced samples with homogeneous chloramphenicol residues. This technique should be applicable to other tissues and vegetable products. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Bunch, E A AU - Altwein, D M AU - Johnson, L E AU - Farley, J R AU - Hammersmith, A A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA 98021, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 883 EP - 887 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Dry Ice KW - 0 KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chloramphenicol -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- chemistry KW - Drug Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77285100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Homogeneous+sample+preparation+of+raw+shrimp+using+dry+ice.&rft.au=Bunch%2C+E+A%3BAltwein%2C+D+M%3BJohnson%2C+L+E%3BFarley%2C+J+R%3BHammersmith%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Bunch&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunoaffinity column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of fumonisin B1 in canned and frozen sweet corn. AN - 77284562; 7756885 AB - A modified liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining fumonisin B1 (FB1) in corn was applied to canned and frozen sweet corn. The corn is extracted with methanol-water (8 + 2), and the extract is filtered. The filtrate is diluted with water and passed through an immunoaffinity column. After the column is washed with water, FB1 is eluted with methanol-water (8 + 2). The eluate is evaporated to dryness by using a vacuum concentrator, and the residue is dissolved in acetonitrile-water (1 + 1). FB1 is derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde. The derivative is separated on a reversed-phase C18 LC column using acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50 + 50 + 1) and quantitated with a fluorescence detector. Recoveries of FB1 from canned and frozen corn spiked over the range of 50-200 ng/g were 76-88%. The limit of determination was about 25 ng/g, and the limit of detection was about 4 ng/g. The method was applied to 97 commercial canned and frozen sweet corn samples collected from different areas of the United States. Sixty samples contained no FB1. Low levels (trace-82 ng FB1/g corn) were found in 35 samples; 235 ng FB1/g was found in 1 canned corn sample, and 350 ng FB1/g was found in 1 frozen corn sample. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Stack, M E AU - Allen, S AU - Barrion, N AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 705 EP - 710 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Frozen Foods -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77284562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Immunoaffinity+column+coupled+with+liquid+chromatography+for+determination+of+fumonisin+B1+in+canned+and+frozen+sweet+corn.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BStack%2C+M+E%3BAllen%2C+S%3BBarrion%2C+N&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agarose gel electrophoretic detection of six beta-lactam antibiotic residues in milk. AN - 77280931; 7756879 AB - An electrophoretic method coupled with bioautography was developed for detection and identification of penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur residues in milk. The method uses a 2% agarose gel for electrophoresis, an overlay of PM indicator agar seeded with Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis, and incubation at 55 degrees C for 16-18 h. The new method separated and detected residues in milk at the levels of concern for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for penicillin G (5 ppb), cephapirin (20 ppb), and ceftiofur (50 ppb). The method also detected ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin at 20, 30, and 30 ppb, respectively, but these levels are above those of concern for FDA (10 ppb). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cutting, J H AU - Kiessling, W M AU - Bond, F L AU - McCarron, J E AU - Kreuzer, K S AU - Hurlbut, J A AU - Sofos, J N AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver District Laboratory, CO 80225-0087, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 663 EP - 667 VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - beta-Lactams KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Reference Standards KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77280931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Agarose+gel+electrophoretic+detection+of+six+beta-lactam+antibiotic+residues+in+milk.&rft.au=Cutting%2C+J+H%3BKiessling%2C+W+M%3BBond%2C+F+L%3BMcCarron%2C+J+E%3BKreuzer%2C+K+S%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A%3BSofos%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Cutting&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the ability of MDHS method 25 to determine urethane-bound isocyanate groups. AN - 77277453; 7754974 AB - Method 25 for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS 25) of the Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom attempts to identify and quantify all isocyanate species in an air sample. Isocyanate species are derivatized with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MOPP) and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem ultraviolet/electrochemical (UV/EC) detection. The method identifies peaks as being isocyanate-derived if the EC/UV detector response ratio is between 0.75 and 1.5 times that of the derivatized monomer. This investigation sought to determine if the method correctly identifies and accurately quantifies intermediates created during polyurethane formation that possess free isocyanate groups. Model compounds derived from 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and ethylene glycol were prepared. These urethane species contained two ("dimer") and three ("trimer") TDI units and terminal MOPP-derivatized isocyanate groups. Like monomeric 2,4-TDI/MOPP urea, each contained two derivatized isocyanate groups per molecule. This investigation found that neither the UV nor the EC response is proportional to the number of isocyanate groups present in the model compounds. Therefore, it is concluded that MDHS 25 is neither capable of correctly identifying TDI-urethane intermediates possessing MOPP-derivatized isocyanate groups nor is it capable of accurately quantifying these isocyanate groups. The proposed solution to this problem is the utilization of a derivatizing reagent that yields derivatized isocyanate species whose detector responses come more exclusively from the derivatized isocyanate moiety and, therefore, are more proportional to the number of derivatized isocyanate groups. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Streicher, R P AU - Arnold, J E AU - Cooper, C V AU - Fischbach, T J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 437 EP - 442 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Isocyanates KW - Polyurethanes KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Ethylene Glycol KW - FC72KVT52F KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Electrochemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Polyurethanes -- chemical synthesis KW - Isocyanates -- isolation & purification KW - Hazardous Substances -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77277453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+ability+of+MDHS+method+25+to+determine+urethane-bound+isocyanate+groups.&rft.au=Streicher%2C+R+P%3BArnold%2C+J+E%3BCooper%2C+C+V%3BFischbach%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Streicher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phase contrast microscopy asbestos fiber counting performance in the Proficiency Analytical Testing program. AN - 77273947; 7754978 AB - This report evaluates 20 years (1972-1992) of asbestos fiber count reporting for the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) program, which is operated by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) in cooperation with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Estimates were obtained for total, intracounter, and intercounter variability. Results show that total variability of counting chrysotile asbestos fibers improved by approximately 35% in recent years when compared with the variability found during 1975-1977, at the lowest filter fiber densities used in the PAT program. Total, intercounter, and intracounter variability for counting amosite and chrysotile asbestos fibers also were compared over a six-year period starting in 1986. PAT program laboratories achieved about one-quarter lower intracounter variability and about one-third lower total and intercounter variability when counting amosite fibers versus chrysotile fibers. In addition, amosite intercounter variability improved by about one-third, with large improvements occurring in the first year that amosite was included in the program. Factors affecting performance, such as changes in phase contrast microscope fiber counting methods, PAT participation, the AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Program, and PAT sample production, are discussed as possible factors affecting variability. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Schlecht, P C AU - Shulman, S A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 480 EP - 489 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Asbestos, Amosite KW - 12172-73-5 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Phase-Contrast KW - Asbestos, Amosite -- analysis KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- analysis KW - Observer Variation KW - Time Factors KW - Asbestos -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77273947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Phase+contrast+microscopy+asbestos+fiber+counting+performance+in+the+Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+program.&rft.au=Schlecht%2C+P+C%3BShulman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Schlecht&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical problems encountered with NIOSH method 5521 for total isocyanates. AN - 77273642; 7754977 AB - A recent analysis for total isocyanates in air using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5521 presented difficulties in the identification of an oligomeric isocyanate species. Two problems were encountered during the analysis. A false negative response in the high performance liquid chromatography chromatogram was encountered in a majority of the field samples. An anomalous peak served to give a false positive in some of the field blanks and in some of the field samples. Through supplementing the ratio criterion of Method 5521 using the complete UV absorption spectrum from a photodiode array (PDA) UV detector, the two peaks were successfully identified. However, this need for additional data to identify an oligomeric isocyanate species raises the question of whether the ratio criterion of Method 5521 allows the qualitative identification of isocyanate oligomers. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Key-Schwartz, R J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 474 EP - 479 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Isocyanates KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - False Negative Reactions KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77273642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Analytical+problems+encountered+with+NIOSH+method+5521+for+total+isocyanates.&rft.au=Key-Schwartz%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Key-Schwartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breaks in genomic DNA and within the p53 gene are associated with hypomethylation in livers of folate/methyl-deficient rats. AN - 77235276; 7794383 AB - Male weanling Fischer 344 rats were fed either a semipurified diet deficient in the methyl donors methionine, choline, and folic acid or a supplemented control diet for a period of 9 weeks. At intervals of 2, 5, and 7 days, 3 weeks, and 9 weeks after initiation of the respective diets, the relative level of DNA strand breaks and the degree of cytosine methylation were quantified in high molecular weight DNA and also within the p53 gene in liver samples from these rats. Genome-wide strand break accumulation was associated with progressive genomic hypomethylation and increased DNA methyltransferase activity. With the use of quantitative PCR as a gene-specific DNA strand break assay, unique DNA strand breaks were detected in exon 5 but not in exons 6-8 of the p53 gene, and were accompanied by significant p53 gene hypomethylation. DNA hypomethylation has been shown to alter the conformation and stability of the chromatin structure, rendering affected regions more accessible to DNA-damaging agents. To determine whether methylation status alters the sensitivity of DNA to strand breakage, DNA in isolated nuclei was methylated in vitro and exposed to endogenous calcium/magnesium-dependent endonuclease activated under defined conditions. The incidence of enzyme-induced DNA strand breaks was decreased significantly with increased DNA methylation. In nuclei isolated from livers of methyl-deficient rats, the hypomethylated DNA was found to be more sensitive to enzyme- and oxidant-induced DNA strand break induction. Taken together, these results provide evidence that DNA strand breaks are induced in high molecular weight DNA and also within the p53 gene in liver tissue from methyl-deficient rats. The increased incidence of these strand breaks in DNA from methyl-deficient rats may be related to alterations in chromatin accessibility associated with DNA hypomethylation. JF - Cancer research AU - Pogribny, I P AU - Basnakian, A G AU - Miller, B J AU - Lopatina, N G AU - Poirier, L A AU - James, S J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/05/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 May 01 SP - 1894 EP - 1901 VL - 55 IS - 9 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - p53 KW - Chromatin KW - 0 KW - Oxidants KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Endodeoxyribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - calcium magnesium dependent endodeoxyribonuclease KW - EC 3.1.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chromatin -- metabolism KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Exons KW - Endodeoxyribonucleases -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Kinetics KW - Chromatin -- drug effects KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Up-Regulation KW - Methylation KW - Male KW - Genes, p53 KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Genome KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77235276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Breaks+in+genomic+DNA+and+within+the+p53+gene+are+associated+with+hypomethylation+in+livers+of+folate%2Fmethyl-deficient+rats.&rft.au=Pogribny%2C+I+P%3BBasnakian%2C+A+G%3BMiller%2C+B+J%3BLopatina%2C+N+G%3BPoirier%2C+L+A%3BJames%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Pogribny&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1894&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - p53 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Cancer Res 1995 Jun 15;55(12):2711 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public drinking water contamination and birth outcomes. AN - 77225989; 7717362 AB - The effects of public drinking water contamination on birth outcomes were evaluated in an area of northern New Jersey. After excluding plural births and chromosomal defects, 80,938 live births and 594 fetal deaths that occurred during the period 1985-1988 were studied. Information on birth outcome status and maternal risk factors was obtained from vital records and the New Jersey Birth Defects Registry. Monthly exposures during pregnancy were estimated for all births using tap water sample data. Odds ratios of > or = 1.50 were found for the following: total trihalomethanes with small for gestational age, central nervous system defects, oral cleft defects, and major cardiac defects; carbon tetrachloride with term low birth weight, small for gestational age, very low birth weight, total surveillance birth defects, central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; trichloroethylene with central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; tetrachloroethylene with oral cleft defects; total dichloroethylenes with central nervous system defects and oral cleft defects; benzene with neural tube defects and major cardiac defects; and 1,2-dichloroethane with major cardiac defects. Total trihalomethane levels > 100 ppb reduced birth weight among term births by 70.4 g. By itself, this study cannot resolve whether the drinking water contaminants caused the adverse birth outcomes; therefore, these findings should be followed up utilizing available drinking water contamination databases. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Bove, F J AU - Fulcomer, M C AU - Klotz, J B AU - Esmart, J AU - Dufficy, E M AU - Savrin, J E AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/05/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 May 01 SP - 850 EP - 862 VL - 141 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Humans KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Fetal Death -- epidemiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- adverse effects KW - Registries KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Fetal Death -- chemically induced KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Water Supply KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- epidemiology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77225989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Public+drinking+water+contamination+and+birth+outcomes.&rft.au=Bove%2C+F+J%3BFulcomer%2C+M+C%3BKlotz%2C+J+B%3BEsmart%2C+J%3BDufficy%2C+E+M%3BSavrin%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Bove&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=850&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jun 1;143(11):1179-80 [8633613] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive impairment in the Florida panther: nature or nurture? AN - 36337452; 201002-31-0247345 (CE); 11701687 (EN) AB - Many of the remaining members of the endangered Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) population suffer from one or more of a variety of physiological, reproductive, endocrine, and immune system defects including congenital heart defects, abnormal sperm, low sperm density, cryptorchidism, thyroid dysfunction, and possible immunosuppression. Mercury contamination, determined to be the cause of death of a female panther in 1989, was presented as the likely cause of thyroid dysfunction. As genetic diversity in the species was less than expected, all of the other abnormalities have been attributed to inbreeding. However, exposure to a variety of chemical compounds, especially those that have been identified as environmental endocrine disrupters (including mercury, p,p'-DDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls), has elicited all of the listed abnormalities in other species. A number of these contaminants are present in South Florida. An exposure pathway has been identified, and evidence presented in this paper, including the fact that there appears to be no significant difference between serum estradiol levels in males and females, suggests that many male panthers may have been demasculinized and feminized as a result of either prenatal or postnatal exposure. Thus, regardless of the effects of inbreeding, current evidence seems to indicate that environmental contaminants may be a major factor contributing to reproductive impairment in the Florida panther population. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Facemire, C F AU - Gross, T S AU - Guillette, L J AD - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30345-3301, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 79 EP - 86 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Impairment KW - Contaminants KW - Mercury KW - Males KW - Females KW - Defects KW - Abnormalities KW - Density KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Reproductive+impairment+in+the+Florida+panther%3A+nature+or+nurture%3F&rft.au=Facemire%2C+C+F%3BGross%2C+T+S%3BGuillette%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Facemire&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining the role of pollutants in the disruption of reproduction in wildlife. AN - 36325922; 201002-31-0247344 (CE); 11701686 (EN) AB - Although chemical exposure has been associated with reduced reproduction in certain North American fish, reptiles, and mammals, definitive cause-and-effect data are lacking in many instances. Because the increasing use and global transport of industrial chemicals pose significant risk to successful reproduction, methods should be developed that can define the geographic extent and magnitude of injury and risk to wildlife. Because industrial chemicals are articles of commerce, information about injury to wildlife has been contentious and too often ineffective in changing societal behavior. The following strategies are advocated for inferring causal relationships. First, a balanced and comprehensive assessment of the data is necessary to determine the geographic extent of exposure and reproductive effects associated with environmental pollution. Initial efforts to document reproductive injury should focus on specific ecosystems in which detrimental effects have been observed, but lack sufficient causal data. Model systems (including experimental mesocosms or field ecosystems) should be identified or designed that can adequately test multigenerational reproductive effects. Mechanistic data from supportive laboratory studies on reproductive toxicity, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and bioaccumulation can be used to predict effects of related pollutants and to determine risk. Such information is essential to prevent future injury to wildlife and to prioritize the numerous remediation decisions facing our society. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hose, J E AU - Guillette, L J AD - Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 87 EP - 91 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Injuries KW - Wildlife management KW - Reproduction KW - Risk KW - Mathematical models KW - Ecosystems KW - Pollutants KW - Injury prevention KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36325922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Defining+the+role+of+pollutants+in+the+disruption+of+reproduction+in+wildlife.&rft.au=Hose%2C+J+E%3BGuillette%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Hose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of d-amphetamine in biological samples using high-performance liquid chromatography after precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. AN - 77429972; 7633600 AB - An HPLC method is described for the determination of amphetamine using fluorometric detection after derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. This procedure is more sensitive (detection limit 370 fmol in microdialysate buffer standards, 1.5 pmol in extracted plasma and tissue samples) than most of the previous methods described for the determination of amphetamine with HPLC-fluorescence detection. Due to the stability of the derivative it is also suitable for autosampling after manual derivatization. Investigators currently using o-phthaldialdehyde derivatization and fluorometric detection for amino acid determination should be able to rapidly implement this method. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Clausing, P AU - Newport, G D AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/04/21/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Apr 21 SP - 241 EP - 250 VL - 666 IS - 2 SN - 1572-6495, 1572-6495 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - o-Phthalaldehyde KW - 643-79-8 KW - 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid KW - B03TJ3QU9M KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Dextroamphetamine -- blood KW - o-Phthalaldehyde -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Dextroamphetamine -- analysis KW - 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77429972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.atitle=Determination+of+d-amphetamine+in+biological+samples+using+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+after+precolumn+derivatization+with+o-phthaldialdehyde+and+3-mercaptopropionic+acid.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BClausing%2C+P%3BNewport%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-04-21&rft.volume=666&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+applications&rft.issn=15726495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 77191001; 7897804 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/04/05/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Apr 05 SP - 982 VL - 273 IS - 13 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Spermatocidal Agents KW - Deoxycytidine KW - 0W860991D6 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - gemcitabine KW - B76N6SBZ8R KW - abciximab KW - X85G7936GV KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- standards KW - Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments -- therapeutic use KW - Deoxycytidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Deoxycytidine -- therapeutic use KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- therapeutic use KW - Drugs, Investigational -- therapeutic use KW - Spermatocidal Agents -- standards KW - Growth Hormone -- therapeutic use KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Angioplasty -- methods KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- therapeutic use KW - Angioplasty -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77191001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-04-05&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=982&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitting the Two-Stage Clonal Expansion Model Based on Exact Hazard to the ED01 Data Using SAS NLIN AN - 968173377; 16458783 AB - The two-stage clonal expansion model is a popular model for carcinogenesis data. One common form of this model is based on the approximate hazard function. In certain situations, this formulation is not appropriate, and the exact hazard should be applied. However, the difficulty of implementing the model based on the exact hazard has deterred many from using it. This paper presents a program implementing the exact hazard model for piecewise constant dosing using SAS, a package that is readily available to most that are interested in this type of analysis. Also, an analysis of the ED01 data is presented using this program, and comparisons are made to an earlier analysis based on the approximate hazard. By allowing for an independent background tumor mechanism, an excellent fit to the bladder tumor incidence data was obtained. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Lensing, Shelly Y AU - Kodell, Ralph L AD - Computer Sciences Corporation, National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-20), Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - Apr 1995 SP - 233 EP - 245 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Hazards KW - urinary bladder KW - Risk analysis KW - Carcinogenesis KW - tumors KW - Packaging KW - H 0500:General KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968173377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Fitting+the+Two-Stage+Clonal+Expansion+Model+Based+on+Exact+Hazard+to+the+ED01+Data+Using+SAS+NLIN&rft.au=Lensing%2C+Shelly+Y%3BKodell%2C+Ralph+L&rft.aulast=Lensing&rft.aufirst=Shelly&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1539-6924.1995.tb00317.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; urinary bladder; Risk analysis; Carcinogenesis; tumors; Packaging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00317.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval process for implants in otolaryngology. AN - 85186353; pmid-7596604 AB - As the reader can see, the regulatory approval process for implant devices, especially those intended for use in otolaryngology, is complex. The procedural steps in filing IDE and PMA applications require an understanding of clinical trial design, sponsor responsibilities, investigator requirements and IRB oversight as well as concern for subject safety and welfare. For the most part, once these building blocks are in place and the events and procedures are understood, one can proceed in a fairly straightforward and efficient manner through the review and approval process. JF - Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America AU - Sauberman, H R AD - Office of Device Evaluation, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 235 EP - 244 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0030-6665, 0030-6665 KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Human KW - Prostheses and Implants KW - Otolaryngology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85186353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otolaryngologic+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Approval+process+for+implants+in+otolaryngology.&rft.au=Sauberman%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Sauberman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Otolaryngologic+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=00306665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemotaxis of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbial products derived from organic dust. AN - 77661516; 7588495 AB - The inhalation of organic dust has been implicated to cause a large number of occupational lung diseases. A common event in these diseases is an inflammatory reaction affecting airway and alveolar tissue that is characterized by the recruitment of different types of inflammatory cells. Mechanisms of chemotaxis of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils (PMNs) in response to microbial products derived from organic dust were studied. Seven agents known to be etiological agents causing respiratory symptoms (extract and endotoxin of Enterobacter agglomerans, extracts from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus, thermophilic protease, and two preparations of glucans) were used for experiments. These agents were evaluated for their ability to directly attract AMs and PMNs and to stimulate alveolar macrophages to release chemotactic factors for other AMs and PMNs. The microbial products were able to attract both AMs and PMNs directly in a dose-dependent manner and the exposure of cultured AMs to most agents were stimulatory for production of chemotactic activity for AMs and PMNs. The generation and release of this activity by AMs may provide a mechanism for the initiation and amplification of inflammatory reactions in the lung after inhalation of organic dust. Results of these in vitro studies may be relevant to the pathogenesis of alveolitis in organic dust-induced lung diseases. JF - Environmental research AU - Milanowski, J AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Dutkiewicz, J AU - Lewis, D M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 59 EP - 66 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Biological Factors KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Neutrophils -- physiology KW - Chemotaxis -- drug effects KW - Biological Factors -- pharmacology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77661516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Chemotaxis+of+alveolar+macrophages+and+neutrophils+in+response+to+microbial+products+derived+from+organic+dust.&rft.au=Milanowski%2C+J%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BDutkiewicz%2C+J%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Milanowski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodology for selecting substances for the National Exposure Registry. AN - 77648463; 7492906 AB - The National Exposure Registry was created in response to the pervasiveness of chemical contamination at the nation's waste sites and the relative lack of information on human health outcomes associated with long-term, low-level exposure to most of these substances. A ranking scheme was developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to select the substances for which substance-specific subregistries of the National Exposure Registry would be developed. This scheme uses a general decision analysis approach that incorporates the most relevant and up-to-date data available on the substances found at sites known to ATSDR. There are currently four general subregistries (volatile organic compounds, dioxins, heavy metals, and radioactive substances) made up of persons exposed to specific primary contaminants, as selected by means of this ranking scheme. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Gist, G L AU - Burg, J R AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 197 EP - 208 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Humans KW - Registries KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77648463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Methodology+for+selecting+substances+for+the+National+Exposure+Registry.&rft.au=Gist%2C+G+L%3BBurg%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Gist&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of T-cell ontogeny by transplacental benzo(a)pyrene. AN - 77514652; 7672884 AB - Transplacental exposure to the carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene BaP, leads to depressed immune function and increased tumor incidence in mice. This paper reports ontogenetic T-cell changes in BALB/c mice after exposure to BaP in utero. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to fetal liver T-cells (FLT) and newborn spleen (NBS) lymphocytes purified from offspring of pregnant BALB/c mice that were given one injection of BaP (150 mg/kg body weight) in mid-gestation (day 11-13). The MAbs reacted with two T-cell membrane antigens (FLT and NBS) found in fetal liver, neonatal and adult thymus and spleen. Lymphocytes of BaP-exposed 19-day fetuses showed decreased subpopulation frequencies (P < 0.05) in fetal liver total T-cells (from 56% to 16%), Ly1 cells (from 33% to 9%), and Ly2 cells (from 56% to 1%) compared with untreated controls. In contrast, BaP increased the subpopulation frequencies (P < 0.05) in FLT cells in fetal liver (from 20% to 52%) and in newborn spleen (from 21% to 51%), and increased NBS cells in newborn spleen (from 24% to 59%). The increased frequency in FLT and NBS cells was due to their relative resistance to BaP toxicity and/or BaP-enhanced proliferation in the neonatal period. Compared with untreated controls, BaP treatment resulted in reduced numbers of T-cells in fetal liver and showed a selective toxicity for Ly1 cells (89% reduction) and Ly2 cells (99% reduction), whereas FLT cells were not reduced and NBS cells were reduced by 60%. Six-week-old juvenile mice exposed to BaP in utero showed recovery of total T-cells to control levels in spleen and thymus, but showed depletion (P < 0.01) in thymic FLT cells (from 81% to 12%) and in splenic NBS cells (from 55% to 16%). The monoclonal antibodies developed for this study recognize novel cellular changes in the murine immune system that are associated with transplacental BaP. The FLT and NBS antigens may be useful biomarkers for developmental immune dysfunctions in progeny exposed to BaP in utero. JF - International journal of immunopharmacology AU - Lummus, Z L AU - Henningsen, G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 339 EP - 350 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0192-0561, 0192-0561 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte KW - Antigens, Surface KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- immunology KW - Thymus Gland -- pathology KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Liver -- embryology KW - Pregnancy KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Animals, Newborn -- immunology KW - Thymus Gland -- immunology KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte -- analysis KW - Lymphocyte Depletion KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Thymus Gland -- embryology KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes -- congenital KW - Fetal Diseases -- pathology KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes -- pathology KW - Antigens, Surface -- immunology KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Fetal Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Fetal Diseases -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes -- embryology KW - Antigens, Surface -- analysis KW - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77514652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+T-cell+ontogeny+by+transplacental+benzo%28a%29pyrene.&rft.au=Lummus%2C+Z+L%3BHenningsen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lummus&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=01920561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality patterns among construction workers in the United States. AN - 77504706; 7667740 AB - Thirteen authors from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health contribute to this summary of recent and ongoing national occupational mortality surveillance studies of construction workers, including studies conducted under NIOSH's Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation project, Sentinel Health Events project, National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System, and other projects. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Robinson, C F AU - Halperin, W E AU - Alterman, T AU - Braddee, R W AU - Burnett, C A AU - Fosbroke, D E AU - Kisner, S M AU - Lalich, N R AU - Roscoe, R J AU - Seligman, P J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 269 EP - 283 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77504706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Mortality+patterns+among+construction+workers+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BAlterman%2C+T%3BBraddee%2C+R+W%3BBurnett%2C+C+A%3BFosbroke%2C+D+E%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BLalich%2C+N+R%3BRoscoe%2C+R+J%3BSeligman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory disease risks in the construction industry. AN - 77503056; 7667743 AB - This chapter focuses on the primary identified respiratory hazards in construction, including respiratory tract cancers, pulmonary and pleural fibrosis, airway diseases, inhalation injuries, and respiratory infection. An extensive table identifies the exposure limits specified by NIOSH, OSHA, and ACGIH for more than 30 substances. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Sullivan, P A AU - Bang, K M AU - Hearl, F J AU - Wagner, G R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 313 EP - 334 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fibrosis -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77503056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Respiratory+disease+risks+in+the+construction+industry.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+P+A%3BBang%2C+K+M%3BHearl%2C+F+J%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethical considerations, confidentiality issues, rights of human subjects, and uses of monitoring data in research and regulation. AN - 77439601; 7635115 AB - Biomarkers are potentially powerful tools for use in research and regulation. Their derivation from biologic specimens collected from human subjects does, however, present many ethical implications. Ethical issues are relevant in almost each facet of human biomarker research studies: design, identification and recruitment of subjects, handling and use of the data, and interpretation and communication of results. Researchers also face a number of dilemmas when considering the use of human biologic specimens and new biomarkers. The mere fact that such markers are the result of measurements in human specimens gives the appearance of being more accurate than traditional sources of information such as questionnaires or environmental monitoring; yet, this may not always be the case. The meaning of the results of biomarker studies may be unclear because the purpose of the study is usually for research rather than clinical purposes. There generally are no established normal ranges for biomarkers and the interpretation of findings are often difficult. Researchers may not communicate these results to subjects or consider followup action because the task may be too difficult or undefined, or the reaction of the subject cannot be anticipated. A wide range of practices in this regard exists among researchers. Many questions remain unanswered about the use of biologic specimens. These include questions of ownership and access to specimens. Related to this is the question of whether specimens collected for one research purpose can be used for an entirely different research purpose. This is still an open question.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Schulte, P A AU - Sweeney, M H AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 103 Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Genetics and Reproduction KW - Genetic Testing KW - Humans KW - Biological Specimen Banks KW - Informed Consent KW - Research KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Confidentiality KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Human Experimentation -- ethics KW - Human Rights KW - Ethics, Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77439601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Ethical+considerations%2C+confidentiality+issues%2C+rights+of+human+subjects%2C+and+uses+of+monitoring+data+in+research+and+regulation.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=103+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Nov 21;82(22):1746-52 [2231769] JAMA. 1991 Aug 7;266(5):681-7 [2072479] Mutat Res. 1992 Apr;278(4):237-51 [1373860] BMJ. 1992 Sep 19;305(6855):666 [1393110] Environ Health Perspect. 1992 Nov;98:143-7 [1486843] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Dec;76:141-5 [3447891] IRB. 1992 Mar-Apr;14(2):1-4 [11651243] J Chronic Dis. 1967 Jul;20(7):511-24 [6028270] J Occup Med. 1982 May;24(5):369-74 [7045298] J Occup Med. 1983 Nov;25(11):797-808 [6644390] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1991 Nov-Dec;1(1):13-9 [1845163] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neomycin residues in kidneys of orally dosed non-ruminating calves determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic and microbiological assay methods. AN - 77434158; 7629930 JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Shaikh, B AU - Jackson, J AU - Thaker, N H AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 150 EP - 152 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Neomycin KW - 1404-04-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Biological Assay -- veterinary KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - Male KW - Female KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Neomycin -- analysis KW - Neomycin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Neomycin -- administration & dosage KW - Kidney -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77434158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Neomycin+residues+in+kidneys+of+orally+dosed+non-ruminating+calves+determined+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatographic+and+microbiological+assay+methods.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BJackson%2C+J%3BThaker%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of physostigmine on complex operant behavior in rhesus monkeys. AN - 77399916; 7617713 AB - The effects of physostigmine were assessed in rhesus macaques using behavior in several complex tasks designed to model aspects of time estimation [temporal response differentiation (TRD)], short-term memory [delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS)], motivation [progressive ratio (PR)], learning [incremental repeated acquisition (IRA)], and color and position discrimination [conditioned position responding (CPR)]. The endpoints monitored included percent task completed, response rate, and accuracy. Physostigmine sulphate (0.001-0.056 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percentage of task completed and response rate in each task at 0.03 and 0.056 mg/kg. Accuracy in the TRD task was significantly decreased at 0.03 and 0.056 mg/kg, whereas accuracy in the CPR and IRA tasks was significantly decreased only at 0.056 mg/kg. DMTS accuracy was not significantly affected at any dose tested. A significant increase in accuracy was noted in learning task performance at the 0.01 mg/kg dose, although only for one-lever response sequences. Performance enhancements were not seen in any other task. These results indicate that in monkeys, low doses of physostigmine may facilitate acquisition or learning of simple one-lever spatial tasks while not significantly altering the acquisition of similar but more complex tasks. Impaired task performance at high doses may be more reflective of cholinomimetic side effects (tremor and hypothermia) that affect response rate than a central or "cognitive" impairment. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Frederick, D L AU - Schulze, G E AU - Gillam, M P AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9501, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 641 EP - 648 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Physostigmine KW - 9U1VM840SP KW - Index Medicus KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Physostigmine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77399916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+physostigmine+on+complex+operant+behavior+in+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BSchulze%2C+G+E%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dilution, incubation time, and temperature of enrichment on cultural and PCR detection of Vibrio cholerae obtained from the oyster Crassostrea virginica. AN - 77377622; 7603474 AB - The recovery of Vibrio cholerae 01 by culture from the oyster Crassostrea virginica and detection of the cholera toxin gene by polymerase chain reaction were evaluated using various enrichment procedures in alkaline peptone water. The effects of dilutions (1:10 and 1:100), incubation times (6-8 and 18-21 h), and incubation temperatures (35 and 42 degree) were determined. Recovery of V.cholerae was significantly greater (P<0.05) from oyster homogenates diluted 1:100 in alkaline peptone water and incubated at 42 degree C for 18-21 h. This enrichment procedure also provided the best detection of the cholera toxin gene by polymerase chain reaction. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - DePaola, A AU - Hwang, G C AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Vibrio cholerae -- genetics KW - Vibrio cholerae -- growth & development KW - Cholera Toxin -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Vibrio cholerae -- isolation & purification KW - Ostreidae -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77377622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dilution%2C+incubation+time%2C+and+temperature+of+enrichment+on+cultural+and+PCR+detection+of+Vibrio+cholerae+obtained+from+the+oyster+Crassostrea+virginica.&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BHwang%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species differences in the biotransformation of the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine by hepatic microsomes and cytosols from humans, rats, and mice. AN - 77367172; 7600922 AB - A comparative study on the metabolic activation and detoxification of the food-borne carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), by human, rat, and mouse hepatic subcellular fractions was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the interspecies and organ-specific differences in genotoxicity and carcinogenesis. Incubation of PhIP with human, rat, and mouse hepatic microsomes each generated two metabolites, which were identified as N-hydroxy-PhIP and 4'-hydroxy-PhIP. However, the rates of formation of these metabolites differed significantly between species. Human hepatic microsomes had the highest capacity to convert PhIP to the genotoxic metabolite, N-hydroxy-PhIP, with a mean +/- SD value (9.69 +/- 5.15 nmol/mg protein/30 min, N = 3) that was 1.8-fold and 1.4-fold higher than that of rats (5.25 +/- 1.63, N = 3) and mice (6.89 +/- 0.55, N = 3) p < 0.05), respectively. Rodent microsomes were also able to convert PhIP to its nongenotoxic 4'-hydroxy derivative; however, this detoxification pathway was negligible in human hepatic microsomes. The ratio of N-hydroxylation to 4'-hydroxylation was 97:1, 3.3:1, and 1.7:1 for humans, rats, and mice, respectively. The capacities for the further metabolic activation of N-hydroxy-PhIP by cytosolic O-acetyltransferase, sulfotransferase, L-prolyl-tRNA synthetase, and an ATP-dependent kinase(s) were examined using PhIP-DNA binding as a measure of bioactivation. Acetyl coenzyme A-dependent DNA binding of N-hydroxy-PhIP was detected with both human and rodent hepatic cytosols, and showed a significant interspecies difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Lin, D X AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 518 EP - 524 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Imidazoles -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77367172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Species+differences+in+the+biotransformation+of+the+food-borne+carcinogen+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+by+hepatic+microsomes+and+cytosols+from+humans%2C+rats%2C+and+mice.&rft.au=Lin%2C+D+X%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workers' response to risk notification. AN - 77353179; 7793420 AB - Since 1988, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has notified workers who were subjects in occupational epidemiology studies of the study findings ("worker notification"). This paper describes seven notifications and the worker's reactions to them. The chemicals of interest in the studies were: carbon monoxide, o-toluidine, bis-chloromethyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, acid mist, and dioxin. Materials describing the study results were sent to 15,958 subjects who were notified of their increased risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease, bladder cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, kidney dysfunction, laryngeal cancer, all cancers combined, or soft tissue sarcoma. Workers provided feedback via telephone calls, and for three notifications, by postcards containing workers' comments and ratings of the notification materials. The percentage of telephone calls received from notified workers ranged from 0.3% to 3.8%, and the percentage returning postcards ranged from 8.8% to 17.6%. The two largest categories of callers were those with questions about their disease risk (30%) or who reported on their health status (25%). Most of the comments on postcards (26%) were complimentary or expressed appreciation for receiving the letters; reports of ill health were second (20%). A majority (66%) rated the notification materials well done. Few of the callers (5%) requested information on legal issues. Most (85%) did not find the materials, which ranged in reading level from sixth to ninth grade, too hard to read, although 15% reported difficulty reading them. Although this response system was effective in producing some input from workers, its limitation is that respondents may not be representative of all notified workers. However, such information is useful because there are few data on the effects of notifications on workers. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Boal, W L AU - Friedland, J AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 471 EP - 483 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Chemical Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Chemical Industry -- standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77353179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Workers%27+response+to+risk+notification.&rft.au=Boal%2C+W+L%3BFriedland%2C+J%3BSchulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Boal&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversion profiles of coolwhite fluorescent light compared with far ultraviolet light: homologies and differences. AN - 77255605; 7740078 AB - General Electric and Sylvania 15 W coolwhite fluorescent lamps emit roughly 6% of their total irradiance as light in the UV spectrum. Illumination of sensitive Salmonella tester strains results in both lethal and mutagenic activities. In contrast, comparable Philips lamps emit lower levels of UV light, especially UVB, and exhibit no detectable lethal or mutagenic effects. The spectra of mutations induced by General Electric coolwhite lamps in histidine-requiring base substitution mutants hisG46 and hisG428 ("reversion profiles") resemble mutagenesis by far UV light (UVC) and differ quite markedly from the spectra of mutations that occur spontaneously. Coolwhite and UVC reversion profiles are not identical, however. The percentage of C to A transversion mutations induced in hisG46 are elevated over those found after UVC treatment, and a strong bias for one particular class of tandem base substitutions (TAA-->TGT) prevails after treatment of hisG428 with coolwhite light, a bias not observed with UVC. Increased attention needs to be given to minimization of exposure to UV light from fluorescent lamps commonly used in homes and workplaces. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Cebula, T A AU - Henrikson, E N AU - Hartman, P E AU - Biggley, W H AD - Molecular Biology Branch (HFS-235), CFSAN, FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 353 EP - 359 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Photochemistry KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Fluorescence KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Salmonella -- radiation effects KW - DNA, Bacterial -- radiation effects KW - Base Sequence KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - Lighting -- adverse effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77255605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Reversion+profiles+of+coolwhite+fluorescent+light+compared+with+far+ultraviolet+light%3A+homologies+and+differences.&rft.au=Cebula%2C+T+A%3BHenrikson%2C+E+N%3BHartman%2C+P+E%3BBiggley%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Cebula&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-07 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prepubertal gynecomastia during growth hormone therapy. AN - 77195999; 7699552 AB - We report 22 cases of prepubertal gynecomastia diagnosed during growth hormone (GH) treatment. The age and dose range were 2 to 12 years and 0.18 [corrected] to 0.3 mg/kg per week, respectively. In most of the patients, gynecomastia appeared between 0.5 and 7 months after GH was started. Three boys were using drugs other than GH. This condition appears to be self-limited and benign. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Malozowski, S AU - Stadel, B V AD - Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 659 EP - 661 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Male KW - Child, Preschool KW - Growth Hormone -- adverse effects KW - Growth Hormone -- therapeutic use KW - Gynecomastia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77195999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Prepubertal+gynecomastia+during+growth+hormone+therapy.&rft.au=Malozowski%2C+S%3BStadel%2C+B+V&rft.aulast=Malozowski&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Pediatr. 2001 Mar;138(3):448-9 [11241065] Erratum In: J Pediatr 1995 Jul;127(1):159 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activated mast cells produce interleukin 13. AN - 77189030; 7535336 AB - When mast cells are activated through their immunoglobulin (Ig)E receptors, release of low molecular weight mediators like histamine is followed by secretion of multiple cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Here we report that stimulated mast cells also synthesize IL-13 mRNA and protein; secretion of this cytokine may be of particular importance because of its ability to stimulate IgE expression. IL-13 transcripts detected by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction assay were induced within 30 min after stimulation of mast cells by dinitrophenyl plus monoclonal IgE anti-dinitrophenyl, and peaked at about 1 h. Within 3 h of IgE stimulation, secreted IL-13 bioactivity, estimated by proliferation of an IL-13-dependent cell line, reached levels equivalent to 1-2 ng/ml of IL-13. When added to human B lymphocytes, the mast cell-derived IL-13 activity (like bone fide IL-13) induced Ig C epsilon transcripts, DNA recombination characteristic of the isotype switch to C epsilon, and the secretion of IgE protein. These results suggest a model of local positive feedback interactions between mast cells and B cells, which could play a role in the pathogenesis of atopy. JF - The Journal of experimental medicine AU - Burd, P R AU - Thompson, W C AU - Max, E E AU - Mills, F C AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20592, USA. Y1 - 1995/04/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Apr 01 SP - 1373 EP - 1380 VL - 181 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1007, 0022-1007 KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD40 KW - Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte KW - Interleukin-13 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, IgE KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Calcimycin KW - 37H9VM9WZL KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Basophils -- secretion KW - Calcimycin -- pharmacology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte -- immunology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Basophils -- drug effects KW - Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte KW - Interleukin-4 -- genetics KW - Interleukin-4 -- biosynthesis KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - B-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin Class Switching KW - Mice KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Receptors, IgE -- immunology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Basophils -- metabolism KW - Cell Line KW - Antigens, CD -- immunology KW - Mast Cells -- secretion KW - Mast Cells -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- genetics KW - Interleukin-13 -- secretion KW - Interleukin-13 -- biosynthesis KW - Mast Cells -- metabolism KW - Immunoglobulin E -- biosynthesis KW - Mast Cells -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-13 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77189030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+experimental+medicine&rft.atitle=Activated+mast+cells+produce+interleukin+13.&rft.au=Burd%2C+P+R%3BThompson%2C+W+C%3BMax%2C+E+E%3BMills%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Burd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+experimental+medicine&rft.issn=00221007&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - M32599; GENBANK; L13028; Y00467; M99403; X56795; X05253; X01677; J00222; L06081 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Immunol. 1980 Jun;124(6):2728-37 [7373045] Nat Genet. 1994 Jun;7(2):125-9 [7920628] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9175-9 [3321069] Leuk Res. 1988;12(4):345-55 [3131594] J Immunol. 1988 Nov 1;141(9):3067-71 [2902144] J Immunol. 1989 Jan 15;142(2):679-87 [2521353] Oncogene Res. 1988;2(2):149-65 [2851124] Nature. 1989 May 4;339(6219):64-7 [2469965] J Cell Physiol. 1989 Aug;140(2):323-34 [2663885] J Exp Med. 1989 Jul 1;170(1):245-57 [2473161] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5580-4 [2546158] Lab Invest. 1990 Jan;62(1):5-33 [2404155] J Exp Med. 1990 Apr 1;171(4):1301-14 [1969921] Nature. 1990 Jul 19;346(6281):274-6 [2374592] J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):446-53 [1991831] Immunol Today. 1990 Dec;11(12):458-64 [2073318] J Exp Med. 1991 Jul 1;174(1):103-7 [1829107] Int Immunol. 1992 Mar;4(3):397-406 [1373645] J Immunol. 1992 Aug 1;149(3):1075-85 [1321850] N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan 28;328(4):257-65 [8418407] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3735-9 [8097324] Methods Enzymol. 1993;218:446-73 [7685470] J Immunol. 1993 Jun 15;150(12):5436-44 [8099936] J Immunol. 1993 Dec 1;151(11):6370-81 [7902377] J Immunol. 1993 Dec 15;151(12):7151-60 [7903102] J Exp Med. 1994 Jan 1;179(1):135-43 [7903680] Immunol Today. 1994 Jan;15(1):19-26 [7907877] Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1152-6 [8178175] J Exp Med. 1994 Jun 1;179(6):1877-83 [8195714] J Exp Med. 1994 Jul 1;180(1):75-82 [7516418] Leuk Res. 1985;9(3):381-90 [3858609] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious adverse events in Norplant users reported to the Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch Spontaneous Reporting System. AN - 77185009; 7898829 AB - To describe serious adverse events in Norplant users from reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Spontaneous Reporting System. Reports of certain serious adverse events in Norplant users in the United States from February 1991 to December 1993 were reviewed and analyzed. From the introduction of Norplant in the United States in February 1991 to December 1993, the FDA received reports of 24 women hospitalized for infections at the insertion site, 14 hospitalized or disabled because of difficulties removing the capsules, 14 hospitalized for stroke, three for thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, six for thrombocytopenia, and 39 for pseudotumor cerebri. The comparison of reported rates with expected rates and the relationship of some of these disorders with oral contraceptives raises the suspicion of a causal association with Norplant. The FDA has received reports of hospitalization or disability for infections, capsule removal difficulties, stroke, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, thrombocytopenia, and pseudotumor cerebri in Norplant users. Health care professionals need to be trained in Norplant insertion and removal to ensure the proper technique. Studies are needed to determine if stroke, thrombocytopenia, and pseudotumor cerebri are causally related to Norplant use. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Green, L AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 538 EP - 542 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Drug Implants KW - Levonorgestrel KW - 5W7SIA7YZW KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Humans KW - Drainage KW - Adult KW - Debridement KW - Plasmapheresis KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic -- diagnosis KW - Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic -- epidemiology KW - Pseudotumor Cerebri -- epidemiology KW - Pseudotumor Cerebri -- therapy KW - Surgical Wound Infection -- diagnosis KW - Surgical Wound Infection -- etiology KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Levonorgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Pseudotumor Cerebri -- diagnosis KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Pseudotumor Cerebri -- chemically induced KW - Surgical Wound Infection -- therapy KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic -- chemically induced KW - Surgical Wound Infection -- epidemiology KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- therapy KW - Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77185009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Serious+adverse+events+in+Norplant+users+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+MedWatch+Spontaneous+Reporting+System.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BGreen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00297844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Aug;86(2):318-20 [7617371] Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Jul;86(1):154-5 [7784014] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Rural Health Services Funding: A Resource Guide. Revised Edition. Rural Information Center Publication Series, No. 41. AN - 62646488; ED390584 AB - Following the collapse of health care services in many rural areas in recent years, rural health care providers are developing new strategies to meet the needs of their communities and are working creatively to maximize resources. Much of that effort has been enhanced with financial and technical assistance from federal, state, and private institutions. This catalog (third edition) provides information on the financing of rural health programs. It includes eight sections that: (1) provide an overview of grantsmanship, types of philanthropic organizations, and how to get started; (2) list 76 directories and federal and state information sources for public and private funding; (3) profile 29 federal agencies and private organizations that provide funding information; (4) describe electronic databases and information sources; (5) list 10 directories on scholarships, fellowships, and other grants for medical and professional health education; (6) recommend 37 further readings on fund-raising, grantsmanship, and proposal writing; (7) provide a glossary of relevant terms; and (8) list publishers' contact information. Appendices provide addresses for state offices of rural health, Public Health Service regional offices for financial assistance information, and selected foundations contributing to rural health projects. Information is also available electronically on the Agricultural Library Forum bulletin board. Information and National Agricultural Library call numbers are provided for the purchase or borrowing of documents. (JAT) AU - Towner, Sarah R. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 74 PB - Rural Information Center Health Service, National Agricultural Library, Room 304, Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 (available in braille, large print, and audiotape). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Information Sources KW - Directories KW - Philanthropic Foundations KW - Higher Education KW - Rural Areas KW - Medical Education KW - Student Financial Aid KW - Grantsmanship KW - Databases KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Public Health KW - Public Agencies KW - Fund Raising KW - Community Health Services KW - Private Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62646488?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Public Health: Future Direction, Future Skills AN - 61607466; 199502613 AB - Community health practitioners in the US must take environmental public health more seriously. Today, the impact of changing ecosystems on human health, particularly relative to infectious disease, is evident. Hazardous substances, eg, lead-based paint, also affect human health, particularly that of children. Embedding health communication, cultural competence, & community involvement into public health practice will help practitioners deal with the scientific uncertainty often associated with linking hazardous substance exposure to illness, injury, & disease. A new paradigm of medical assistance is needed to provide information & services. 19 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Family & Community Health AU - Lum, Max R AD - Public Health Service US Dept Health & Human Services, 101 Marietta Tower Suite 1106 Atlanta GA 30323-0001 Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 24 EP - 35 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0160-6379, 0160-6379 KW - environmental public health, US, community health practice issues KW - Environment KW - Public Health KW - United States of America KW - Environmental Factors KW - Futures (of Society) KW - article KW - 6124: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61607466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+%26+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Environmental+Public+Health%3A+Future+Direction%2C+Future+Skills&rft.au=Lum%2C+Max+R&rft.aulast=Lum&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Family+%26+Community+Health&rft.issn=01606379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environment; Environmental Factors; Public Health; United States of America; Futures (of Society) ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National directory of drug abuse and alcoholism treatment and prevention programs, FY94 survey T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 95-3007 AN - 59695910; 1995-1001770 AB - Based on the National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) carried out in the 50 states, American Samoa, the District of Columbia, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Trust Territories, and the Virgin Islands, Oct. 1993. JF - Superintendent of Documents, April 1995. xvi+542 pp. Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 EP - xvi+542 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160426383 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Drug addicts -- Care and treatment -- Directories KW - Alcoholism -- Rehabilitation -- Directories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59695910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xvi%2B542&rft.isbn=0160426383&rft.btitle=National+directory+of+drug+abuse+and+alcoholism+treatment+and+prevention+programs%2C+FY94+survey&rft.title=National+directory+of+drug+abuse+and+alcoholism+treatment+and+prevention+programs%2C+FY94+survey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-042638-3) pa U.S. $35; elsewhere $43.75 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues associated with the design of a national probability sample for human exposure assessment. AN - 36364524; 201002-31-0247342 (CE); 11701684 (EN) AB - Data obtained from national probability sample surveys provide important information on the prevalence of various health conditions and distributions of physical and biochemical characteristics of the U.S. population. The sample design of a survey specifies how sampling from a designated population over a stated period is to be accomplished. A survey's analytical objectives and interests--in particular subpopulations--affect the sample design strategy. Selected subdomains of the population often must be oversampled so that estimates can be made with acceptable precision. This article addresses sample design considerations for a national probability sample for human tissue monitoring and specimen banking. Among the sampling issues addressed are the oversampling of special populations e.g., minority groups and at-risk groups such as low income or elderly persons; geographic coverage; and sample size considerations. The sample design for a major health survey, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), is used to illustrate a complex, multistage probability sample design and to highlight some of the sampling issues discussed in this article. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ezzati-Rice, T M AU - Murphy, R S AD - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 55 EP - 59 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Surveys KW - Sampling KW - Nutrition KW - Assessments KW - Banking KW - Estimates KW - Minorities KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Issues+associated+with+the+design+of+a+national+probability+sample+for+human+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Ezzati-Rice%2C+T+M%3BMurphy%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Ezzati-Rice&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The priority toxicant reference range study: interim report. AN - 36360508; 201002-31-0247340 (CE); 11701682 (EN) AB - The relationship between human exposure to environmental toxicants and health effects is of utmost interest to public health scientists. To define this relationship, these scientists need accurate and precise methods for assessing human exposure and effects. One of the most accurate and precise means of assessing exposure is to measure the level of the toxicant or its primary metabolite in a biologic specimen; this has been defined as measuring the internal dose. This measurement must be quantitative to best study the dose-response relationship. Pertinent questions asked during an exposure assessment include "How do the levels of a given toxicant in a particular population compare with the levels of that toxicant in other populations?" and "What is the prevalence of exposure to that toxicant in other populations?" To answer these questions for two chemical classes of environmental toxicants, we developed state-of-the-art analytic methods and then applied them to measure the levels of 44 environmental toxicants in biologic specimens from 1000 United States residents who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). These 1000 people are a cross-sectional subset of the NHANES III population and were selected from urban and rural communities in four regions of the United States; all were between 20 and 59 years of age. This subset is not a probability-based sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Needham, L L AU - Hill, R H AU - Ashley, D L AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Sampson, E J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 89 EP - 94 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Human KW - Scientists KW - Cross sections KW - Public health KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Assessments KW - Rural communities KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+priority+toxicant+reference+range+study%3A+interim+report.&rft.au=Needham%2C+L+L%3BHill%2C+R+H%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of specimen banking in risk assessment. AN - 36352868; 201002-31-0247343 (CE); 11701685 (EN) AB - The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard identification, the use of biomarkers in defining and predicting a) biologically adverse events; b) the progression of those events towards disease; and c) the potential for reversibility are explored. Biomarker applications to address high-to-low dose extrapolation and interindividual variability are covered under dose-response assessment. Several potential applications for specimen banking are proposed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Zenick, H AU - Griffith, J AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 9 EP - 12 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Banking KW - Risk assessment KW - Hazard identification KW - Extrapolation KW - Progressions KW - Assessments KW - Uncertainty KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36352868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+specimen+banking+in+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Zenick%2C+H%3BGriffith%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zenick&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using biological monitoring to assess human exposure to priority toxicants. AN - 36350665; 201002-31-0247341 (CE); 11701683 (EN) AB - Scientifically valid exposure assessment is crucial to risk assessment, risk management, and prevention of environmental disease. Scientists have used three tools to assess exposure: exposure history/questionnaire, environmental monitoring (including personal monitoring), and biological monitoring. Combinations of these tools usually provide the exposure information needed to meet objectives of human studies evaluating the exposure-health effect relationship. Biological monitoring is a capable exposure assessment tool that has provided important information used in public health decisions. We briefly describe how risk assessment and risk management decisions for lead, dioxin, and volatile organic compounds have substantially benefited from exposure information obtained from biological monitoring. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Sampson, E J AU - Needham, L L AU - Patterson, D G AU - Ashley, D L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Biological monitoring KW - Assessments KW - Human KW - Risk assessment KW - Decisions KW - Risk management KW - Public health KW - Monitoring KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36350665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+biological+monitoring+to+assess+human+exposure+to+priority+toxicants.&rft.au=Pirkle%2C+J+L%3BSampson%2C+E+J%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPatterson%2C+D+G%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Pirkle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent advances in measuring exhaled breath and estimating exposure and body burden for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). AN - 36349146; 201002-31-0247339 (CE); 11701681 (EN) AB - An improved portable breath measurement method has been developed that allows 1-min sampling times. The equipment has been successfully tested in field and chamber studies. Results of these studies suggest that breath levels following known exposures are predictable and reproducible across a small number of volunteers. The residence times in the body and the distribution in body compartments of several common air toxics have been determined. A simple four-compartment linear model is capable of fitting the observed data. The main parameters of the model include the fraction f of the parent compound exhaled under steady-state conditions and the residence times tau i, in the tau ith compartment. The values of these parameters for several VOCs and for the four body compartments (blood, vessel-rich tissues, vessel-poor tissues, and fat) are provided. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wallace, L A AU - Pellizzari, E D AD - Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Warrenton, VA 22091, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 95 EP - 98 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Compartments KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Sampling KW - Blood KW - Measurement methods KW - Chambers KW - Organic compounds KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Recent+advances+in+measuring+exhaled+breath+and+estimating+exposure+and+body+burden+for+volatile+organic+compounds+%28VOCs%29.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L+A%3BPellizzari%2C+E+D&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Policy: Creating a Healthy Future for the American Public AN - 1761705530; 199503733 AB - As the US moves through health system reconfiguration & reform, the relationship between public health (PH) policy & the health of the US people becomes increasingly crucial. Of particular importance is the task of assuring the health of the public through effective PH policy. Proposed here is a systematic approach to the development of comprehensive, intentional, & effective national PH policy. Based on a national health agenda, this approach contains eight key elements & the strategies to operationalize them. 14 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Family & Community Health AU - Salmon, Marla E AD - Public Health Service Dept Health & Human Services, 5600 Fishers Ln Room 12C-15 Rockville MD 20857-0001 Y1 - 1995/04// PY - 1995 DA - April 1995 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0160-6379, 0160-6379 KW - public health policy, US, systematic approach KW - Policy Making KW - Public Health KW - United States of America KW - Health Policy KW - Policy Reform KW - Futures (of Society) KW - article KW - 7211: health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761705530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+%26+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Policy%3A+Creating+a+Healthy+Future+for+the+American+Public&rft.au=Salmon%2C+Marla+E&rft.aulast=Salmon&rft.aufirst=Marla&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Family+%26+Community+Health&rft.issn=01606379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policy Making; Public Health; Health Policy; United States of America; Futures (of Society); Policy Reform ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of fumonisins B1, B2, B3 and B4 by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. AN - 77286764; 7757206 AB - Fumonisins B1, B2, B3 and B4 (FB1-FB4), a group of mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, were separated by HPLC using an analytical-scale, base-deactivated C8 column and a gradient of trifluoroacetic acid buffer (pH 2.7) and acetonitrile. An evaporative light-scattering detector was used to detect the fumonisin peaks. A semi-preparative-scale, base-deactivated C8 column with a 1:14 mobile phase split facilitated the purification of analytical standards of FB. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Wilkes, J G AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Williams, A J AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/03/31/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Mar 31 SP - 319 EP - 323 VL - 695 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B4 KW - 136379-60-7 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Scattering, Radiation KW - Light KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77286764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Determination+of+fumonisins+B1%2C+B2%2C+B3+and+B4+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+with+evaporative+light-scattering+detection.&rft.au=Wilkes%2C+J+G%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BWilliams%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-03-31&rft.volume=695&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Exposure Registry: procedures for establishing a registry of persons environmentally exposed to hazardous substances. AN - 77732958; 7491637 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has, as mandated in Superfund legislation, established the National Exposure Registry (NER). The purpose of the NER is to assess and evaluate the potential relationship between adverse health effects and environmental exposure for an exposed population, particularly the relationship between chronic health effects and long-term, low-level chemical exposures. The NER's primary goal is to facilitate epidemiology research by establishing multiple data bases (subregistries) that contain demographic, environmental, and health information on large populations exposed to selected chemicals. The Registry data mainly serve the purpose of being hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing. The NER is currently composed of subregistries of: (1) persons exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs)--a subset of registrants in whom trichloroethylene (TCE) is the primary VOC exposure, but others are present (N = 4,832), a subset in whom benzene is the primary VOC exposure (N = 1,142), and a subset in whom trichloroethane (TCA) and TCE are the highest VOC exposures (N = 3,666); and (2) persons with dioxin exposure (N = 250). Chromium and radioactive substances subregistries are planned. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Burg, J R AU - Gist, G L AD - Exposure and Disease Registry Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. PY - 1995 SP - 231 EP - 248 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Trichloroethanes KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Trichloroethylene KW - 290YE8AR51 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Trichloroethylene -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Benzene -- adverse effects KW - Trichloroethanes -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- adverse effects KW - Registries KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77732958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+National+Exposure+Registry%3A+procedures+for+establishing+a+registry+of+persons+environmentally+exposed+to+hazardous+substances.&rft.au=Burg%2C+J+R%3BGist%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration viewpoints on toxicokinetics: the view from review. AN - 77644364; 7569678 AB - The importance of drug kinetics for interpretation of toxicity findings and for cross-species toxicity assessment has been long recognized. Recently, an international effort was initiated to standardize guidance on the kinetic data to be collected in conjunction with toxicity studies. The guidance addresses the kinetic data to be included in studies on carcinogenicity, reproduction toxicity, genotoxicity, and single- and repeat-dose toxicity. In various stages of development or implementation, the guidance is intentionally nondetailed regarding the specific kinetic assessments to be performed. This is to allow flexibility in study design and ensures that scientific judgment is used to determine the appropriate kinetic endpoints to achieve study- and drug-specific goals. Some examples of how kinetics have been used at the Food and Drug Administration in review of toxicity studies submitted in drug applications are presented. The examples discussed demonstrate successful and unsuccessful integration of kinetics into study design and interpretation and highlight the impact on the drug development program from a regulatory perspective. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - DeGeorge, J J AD - Division of Oncology and Pulmonary Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 220 EP - 225 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical -- methods KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77644364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+viewpoints+on+toxicokinetics%3A+the+view+from+review.&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifiers of exposure-response estimates for lung cancer among miners exposed to radon progeny. AN - 77402451; 7614947 AB - The association between lung cancer and exposure to radon decay products has been well established. Despite agreement on this point, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding characteristics of the exposure-response relationship. The use of studies of underground miners to estimate lung cancer risks due to residential radon exposure depends upon a better understanding of factors potentially modifying the exposure-response relationship. Given the diversity in study populations regarding smoking status, mining conditions, risk analysis methodology, and referent populations, the risk estimates across studies are quite similar. However, several factors partially contributing to differences in risk estimates are modified by attained age, time since last exposure, exposure rate, and cigarette smoking patterns. There is growing agreement across studies that relative risk decreases with attained age and time since last exposure. Several studies have also found an inverse exposure-rate effect, i.e., low exposure rates for protracted duration of exposure are more hazardous than equivalent cumulative exposures received at higher rates for shorter periods of time. Additionally, the interaction between radon exposure and cigarette smoking appears to be intermediate between additive and multiplicative in a growing number of studies. Quantitative estimates of these modifying factors are given using a new analysis of data from the latest update of the Colorado Plateau uranium miners cohort. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hornung, R W AU - Deddens, J AU - Roscoe, R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 49 EP - 53 VL - 103 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Mining KW - Radon -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77402451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Modifiers+of+exposure-response+estimates+for+lung+cancer+among+miners+exposed+to+radon+progeny.&rft.au=Hornung%2C+R+W%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BRoscoe%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hornung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=103+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1982 Jul 1;298(5869):67-9 [7088163] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983 Sep;71(3):489-99 [6577225] N Engl J Med. 1984 Jun 7;310(23):1485-94 [6325913] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Aug;77(2):357-62 [3461198] Health Phys. 1987 Apr;52(4):417-30 [3032855] Health Phys. 1988 Jan;54(1):27-46 [2826364] Health Phys. 1993 Apr;64(4):355-69 [8449717] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 May 10;81(10):745-57 [2654404] Health Phys. 1989 Sep;57(3):417-27 [2777548] Cancer Res. 1990 Jan 1;50(1):174-80 [2293552] Nature. 1990 Apr 26;344(6269):824 [2330040] Int J Radiat Biol. 1990 Nov;58(5):745-58 [1977819] Health Phys. 1993 Feb;64(2):120-31 [8449705] Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Dec;128(6):1266-75 [3195567] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing reporting rates of adverse events between drugs with adjustment for year of marketing and secular trends in total reporting. AN - 77392358; 7613562 AB - The Food and Drug Administration has collected spontaneous reports on adverse events (AE) from manufacturers and individuals. These data provide useful information on the safety of marketed drugs. Due to many unique characteristics of this reporting system, the information is difficult to evaluate. Incidence rates for specific adverse events and drug combinations cannot be estimated. However, reporting rates (number of reports per market share) based on prescriptions can be computed. These reporting rates provide signals of serious adverse experience that may deserve attention. When the ratio of reporting rates is used for the comparison of two drugs of the same drug class, adjustments are needed for the marketing year and secular trends of all-drug-all-AE reporting. The Mantel-Haenszel procedure is used to combine the multiyear data into one summary statistic. Application of this analysis is illustrated on reports of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and ulcer associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as given in Rossi et al. (12). JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Tsong, Y AD - Division of Biometrics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 95 EP - 114 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Piroxicam KW - 13T4O6VMAM KW - Diflunisal KW - 7C546U4DEN KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Information Systems KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Piroxicam -- adverse effects KW - Diflunisal -- adverse effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- trends KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77392358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=Comparing+reporting+rates+of+adverse+events+between+drugs+with+adjustment+for+year+of+marketing+and+secular+trends+in+total+reporting.&rft.au=Tsong%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Tsong&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular, cytogenetic, and hematologic effects of ethylene oxide on female hospital workers. AN - 77351123; 7796199 AB - Women comprise the majority of workers exposed to ethylene oxide during sterilization of medical instruments and supplies. This article evaluates molecular, cytogenetic, and hematologic effects of ethylene oxide on 68 women workers employed in nine hospitals in the United States and one hospital in Mexico. Workers were classified by three exposure categories: none (0), low (> 0-32 ppm-hrs), and high (> 32 ppm-hrs). Hematologic effects were evaluated using complete blood count with differential, which has been questioned as a test for screening ethylene oxide-exposed workers. A statistically significant decrease in hematocrit (n = 0.02) and hemoglobin (P = 0.03) levels, an increase in lymphocyte percentages (P = 0.04), and a relative decrease in neutrophil percentages (P = 0.03) with exposure were observed in US workers. The absolute number of lymphocytes, however, showed no relationship with exposure. No statistically significant results were seen for Mexican workers, although hematocrit decreased with exposure. An exposure-response relationship for the percentage for lymphocytes (positive) and neutrophils (negative) in US subjects and for neutrophils (positive) in Mexican subjects was seen. No overall relation with exposure was observed for total number of white cells. Molecular and cytogenetic results are also reported for the 68 women, who constitute a subgroup from a previous report. US women workers showed a statistically significant exposure-response relationship for ethylene oxide and hemoglobin adducts (P = 0.0002) and sister chromatid exchanges (P = 0.001). For micronuclei, the difference (P = 0.02) between low and high exposure was statistically significant. In Mexican workers, an exposure-response relationship was observed (P = 0.002) for hemoglobin adducts but not for sister chromatid exchanges or micronuclei. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Walker, J T AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Tsuchiya, Y AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Screening & Notification Section, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 313 EP - 320 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Hemoglobins -- analysis KW - Mexico KW - Neutrophils KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Adult KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Hematocrit KW - Middle Aged KW - Lymphocytes KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hematologic Tests KW - Women, Working KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Ethylene Oxide -- adverse effects KW - Ethylene Oxide -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77351123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Molecular%2C+cytogenetic%2C+and+hematologic+effects+of+ethylene+oxide+on+female+hospital+workers.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BWalker%2C+J+T%3BBoeniger%2C+M+F%3BTsuchiya%2C+Y%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of two N2-deoxyguanosinyl DNA adducts upon nitroreduction of the environmental mutagen 1-nitropyrene. AN - 77302374; 7766811 AB - 1-Nitropyrene, the most abundant nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the environment, is a known mammalian and bacterial mutagen and a tumorigen in animals. Early studies on DNA adduct characterization for 1-nitropyrene identified N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene as the major product from the modification of calf thymus DNA with N-hydroxy-1-aminopyrene, the activated metabolite from nitroreduction of 1-nitropyrene. In this paper, we report the identification of two N2-deoxyguanosinyl adducts, in addition to N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene, formed from the reaction of N-hydroxy-1-aminopyrene, prepared in situ, with calf thymus DNA. These DNA adducts were identified as 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-1-aminopyrene and 8-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-1-aminopyrene. The two N2-deoxyguanosinyl adducts were also identified in an ascorbic acid-catalyzed activation of 1-nitrosopyrene and in the mammary gland of female Sprague-Dawley rats administered 1-nitropyrene. The DNA adducts were also formed when 1-nitropyrene was metabolized by xanthine oxidase in the presence of calf thymus DNA, and when 1-nitropyrene was activated by rat liver microsomes and cytosols, as well as from DNA isolated from Salmonella typhimurium suspension cultures incubated with 1-nitropyrene. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Evans, F E AU - Beland, F A AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 269 EP - 277 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene KW - 85989-43-1 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Microsomes, Liver -- chemistry KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cattle KW - Epithelial Cells KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- cytology KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- chemistry KW - Ascorbic Acid -- chemistry KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Epithelium -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Catalysis KW - Pyrenes -- chemistry KW - Nitrogen -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- toxicity KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77302374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+two+N2-deoxyguanosinyl+DNA+adducts+upon+nitroreduction+of+the+environmental+mutagen+1-nitropyrene.&rft.au=Herreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Herreno-Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Chem Res Toxicol 1995 Jul-Aug;8(5):816 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin. AN - 77294203; 7756853 AB - Four monoclonal antibodies were produced for use in a rapid method to detect Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin. Cells of mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 were fused with splenocytes of immunized BALB/c mice. An immunoblot assay of semipurified commercial neurotoxins of C. botulinum types A, B, C, D, E, and F was used to show specificity. All the monoclonal antibodies reacted with type B neurotoxin but did not cross-react with the other types. The monoclonal antibodies, separately and combined, did not neutralize the toxin in mice, and all showed specificity to the whole neurotoxin molecule and the heavy-chain component by immunoblot. No evidence of specific binding to the hemagglutinin molecule was noted. When tested against concentrated cultured supernatants of C. botulinum types A, B, E, and F, the 4 monoclonal antibodies reacted only against type B strains. They will be incorporated into a rapid assay with other specific monoclonal antibodies to detect C. botulinum neurotoxins from pure cultures or suspect foods. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Noah, C W AU - Poteet, S S AU - Ramos, N C AU - Perez, J C AU - Huang, S Y AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dallas, TX 75204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 381 EP - 385 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Animals KW - Hybridomas KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Male KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- biosynthesis KW - Botulinum Toxins -- immunology KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Immunoglobulin G -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin G -- biosynthesis KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77294203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Production+of+monoclonal+antibodies+specific+to+Clostridium+botulinum+type+B+neurotoxin.&rft.au=Noah%2C+C+W%3BPoteet%2C+S+S%3BRamos%2C+N+C%3BPerez%2C+J+C%3BHuang%2C+S+Y&rft.aulast=Noah&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of atropine in nerve gas antidotes and other dosage forms. AN - 77294158; 7756848 AB - A simple and specific liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of atropine in nerve gas antidotes and several other dosage forms. The method is also used simultaneously to quantitate phenol, an antimicrobial agent present in nerve gas antidotes, and to monitor the level of tropic acid, a principal degradation product of atropine. The system uses a Spherisorb CN column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05M sodium phosphate monobasic (10 + 90), pH 4.0. The detection wavelength is 220 nm. The method was validated by testing for accuracy, linearity, reproducibility and precision. In addition, the proposed method was applied to 8 commercial preparations of atropine, including injectables, ophthalmic solutions, and ointments, and was found to be satisfactory and free from interferences from preservatives, such as benzyl alcohol, methylparaben, benzalkonium chloride and chlorobutanol, that are present in these formulations. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Lehr, G J AU - Yuen, S M AU - Lawrence, G D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New York Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn 11232, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 339 EP - 343 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Antidotes KW - 0 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - Atropine KW - 7C0697DR9I KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Time Factors KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Atropine -- analysis KW - Antidotes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77294158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+atropine+in+nerve+gas+antidotes+and+other+dosage+forms.&rft.au=Lehr%2C+G+J%3BYuen%2C+S+M%3BLawrence%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Lehr&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicolumn solid-phase extraction cleanup of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable oils and butterfat. AN - 77290008; 7756860 AB - Diatomaceous earth columns used with reversed and normal solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were evaluated for the quantitative determination of a number of organophosphorus (OP) and organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils and butterfat. An oil or fat sample (about 2 g) in hexane was passed through a diatomaceous earth (Extrelut QE) column and a C18 bonded silica (ODS) SPE cartridge, resulting in the separation of the pesticides from about 98% of the lipids. The eluate was split in half, with the first portion concentrated into acetone for the determination of OP pesticides by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). The other half was passed through an Alumina-N SPE cartridge for additional cleanup of lipid matrix to determine OC pesticides by GC with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Average recoveries from fortified samples were greater than 89% for the pesticides studied. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Gillespie, A M AU - Daly, S L AU - Gilvydis, D M AU - Schneider, F AU - Walters, S M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Research Center, Detroit, MI 48207, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Plant Oils KW - Butter KW - 8029-34-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Butter -- analysis KW - Plant Oils -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77290008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multicolumn+solid-phase+extraction+cleanup+of+organophosphorus+and+organochlorine+pesticide+residues+in+vegetable+oils+and+butterfat.&rft.au=Gillespie%2C+A+M%3BDaly%2C+S+L%3BGilvydis%2C+D+M%3BSchneider%2C+F%3BWalters%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative effectiveness of selenite cystine broth, tetrathionate broth, and Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium for the recovery of Salmonella from raw flesh and other highly contaminated foods: precollaborative study. AN - 77289972; 7756852 AB - The effectiveness of selenite cystine (SC) broth, tetrathionate (TT) broth, and Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium for recovery of Salmonella spp. from 8 highly contaminated foods was determined. RV medium prepared from individual ingredients and incubated at 42 degrees and 43 degrees C was compared with 2 commercial (Difco and Oxoid) media incubated at 42 degrees C. Naturally and artificially contaminated foods were tested under 2 protocols. For Protocol 1, each food was preenriched in the appropriate medium. After incubation, serial 10 fold dilutions of the preenriched foods were inoculated into selective enrichment media and incubated at 35 degrees, 42 degrees, or 43 degrees C. Effectiveness of these conditions was evaluated by most probable number determination of Salmonella spp. recovered. Productivity of selective enrichments did not differ significantly with this protocol, except that with Oxoid RV medium the number of Salmonella cells recovered from most of the foods was significantly reduced. For Protocol 2, twenty 25 g test portions from artificially inoculated foods were examined qualitatively for Salmonella spp. The effectiveness of the broth/temperature combinations was determined by the number of positive tests under each condition. RV medium prepared from individual ingredients and TT broth incubated at 43 degrees C yielded significantly more Salmonella-positive tests from frog legs and lettuce than did SC and TT broths incubated at 35 degrees C or commercial RV medium incubated at 42 degrees C. With pork sausage and ground beef, significantly fewer Salmonella-positive tests were found with Oxoid RV medium incubated at 42 degrees C and SC incubated at 35 degrees C than from other selective enrichments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Hammack, T S AU - Amaguana, R M AU - Andrews, W H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 375 EP - 380 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - Magnesium Chloride KW - 02F3473H9O KW - Selenocysteine KW - 0CH9049VIS KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - Tetrathionic Acid KW - 8V1L8R19JH KW - Index Medicus KW - Lettuce -- microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Egg Yolk -- microbiology KW - Seafood -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Culture Media -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77289972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Relative+effectiveness+of+selenite+cystine+broth%2C+tetrathionate+broth%2C+and+Rappaport-Vassiliadis+medium+for+the+recovery+of+Salmonella+from+raw+flesh+and+other+highly+contaminated+foods%3A+precollaborative+study.&rft.au=June%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BHammack%2C+T+S%3BAmaguana%2C+R+M%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=June&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of sodium channel toxins: directed cytotoxicity assays of purified ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, saxitoxins, and seafood extracts. AN - 77285518; 7756868 AB - Neuroblastoma cells in culture were used to detect sodium channel-specific marine toxins based on an end-point determination of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The assay responds in a dose-dependent manner to ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and saxitoxins, and delineates the toxic activity as either sodium channel enhancing or sodium channel blocking. The assay responds rapidly to sodium channel activating toxins, allowing dose dependent detection in 4 to 6 h. Brevetoxins can be detected at 250 pg, and purified ciguatoxins are detected in the low picogram and subpicogram levels. The results obtained from cell bioassay of ciguatoxic finfish extracts correlates with those obtained from mouse bioassays. Sodium channel blocking toxins can also be detected with an approximate sensitivity of 20 pg in 24 to 48 h. This cell-based technique is simple, sensitive, demonstrates potential as an alternative to animal testing for sodium channel activating and blocking toxins, and can be automated. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Manger, R L AU - Leja, L S AU - Lee, S Y AU - Hungerford, J M AU - Hokama, Y AU - Dickey, R W AU - Granade, H R AU - Lewis, R AU - Yasumoto, T AU - Wekell, M M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seafood Products Research Center, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 521 EP - 527 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Oxocins KW - Sodium Channel Agonists KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - Ciguatoxins KW - 11050-21-8 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Fishes KW - Brachyura KW - Mice KW - Mannitol -- pharmacology KW - Neuroblastoma KW - Ciguatera Poisoning KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Ciguatoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Marine Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Saxitoxin -- isolation & purification KW - Seafood -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77285518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+sodium+channel+toxins%3A+directed+cytotoxicity+assays+of+purified+ciguatoxins%2C+brevetoxins%2C+saxitoxins%2C+and+seafood+extracts.&rft.au=Manger%2C+R+L%3BLeja%2C+L+S%3BLee%2C+S+Y%3BHungerford%2C+J+M%3BHokama%2C+Y%3BDickey%2C+R+W%3BGranade%2C+H+R%3BLewis%2C+R%3BYasumoto%2C+T%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of trihalomethanes and other volatile chemical contaminants in processed foods by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with mass selective detection. AN - 77285411; 7756854 AB - A limited number of soft drinks, juices, beers, and waters from processed vegetables were analyzed for trihalomethanes (THMs), benzene, and toluene by a modified Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 524.2. The THMs, which include chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform, are reaction by-products of water disinfection by chlorination. EPA Method 524.2 is a purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatographic method based on mass spectrometric detection which identifies and simultaneously measures purgeable volatile organic compounds in drinking water. Chloroform was present at concentrations ranging from none detected to 94 ng/g in the 44 foods analyzed. Bromoform was not found in any of the products at a detection limit of 0.1 ng/g. Residue levels of the other THMs ranged from none detected to highs of 12 and 2 ng/g for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane, respectively. Benzene residues were typically < 5 ng/g, except for 7 and 9 ng/g in 2 foods. Toluene residues were typically < or = 3 ng/g except for 23, 29, and 75 ng/g in 3 canned foods. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - McNeal, T P AU - Hollifield, H C AU - Diachenko, G W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 391 EP - 397 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Chromatography, Gas -- instrumentation KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Toluene -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77285411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Survey+of+trihalomethanes+and+other+volatile+chemical+contaminants+in+processed+foods+by+purge-and-trap+capillary+gas+chromatography+with+mass+selective+detection.&rft.au=McNeal%2C+T+P%3BHollifield%2C+H+C%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=McNeal&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of lead and other elements in ceramic glazes and housewares by 109Cd-induced X-ray fluorescence emission spectrometry. AN - 77282739; 7756857 AB - Radioisotope x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was investigated as a potential screening method for Pb and other elements in housewares. Thirty-six commercial houseware items and 87 ceramic test tiles (85 fired with hobby glazes and 2 blank bisques) were examined qualitatively for the presence of Pb by using 109Cd-induced L x-ray fluorescence emission spectrometry. For the housewares, the technique provided fast, nondestructive analysis of areas with about 10 cm diameters (general regions) to about 4 mm diameters (isolated design regions). Pb was found in 25 of 28 ceramicware items, in all 8 other housewares, and in all the test-tile glazes above the limit of detection of 1 count per second (cps) for Pb L beta x-rays. For housewares, Pb identification did not always correspond to Pb leachability. For 68 test-tile glazes labeled as containing Pb (39 of which were also labeled 'dinnerware safe' or 'safe for food containers'), count rates ranged from 290 to 730 cps, whereas for the other 17 glazes labeled (with one exception) 'non-toxic,' much lower count rates (5-61 cps) were obtained. Other elements found in the housewares or test glazes were As, Au, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sr, Y, Zn, and Zr. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Anderson, D L AU - Cunningham, W C AU - Lindstrom, T R AU - Olmez, I AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 407 EP - 412 VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Cadmium Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Trace Elements KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Ceramics KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Paint -- analysis KW - Cooking and Eating Utensils KW - Lead -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77282739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Identification+of+lead+and+other+elements+in+ceramic+glazes+and+housewares+by+109Cd-induced+X-ray+fluorescence+emission+spectrometry.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+D+L%3BCunningham%2C+W+C%3BLindstrom%2C+T+R%3BOlmez%2C+I&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of standard and modified sampling heads for the International PBI Surface Air System bioaerosol samplers. AN - 77220492; 7717271 AB - This study substituted sampling heads with smaller holes to collect small particles with the International PBI Surface Air System (SAS) battery-powered, bioaerosol air samplers, which have proved inefficient in collecting small airborne particles such as free bacteria (e.g., < 2 microns). An Andersen six-stage (6-STG) sampler was used simultaneously with two SAS samplers (SAS high flow [SAS-HF] and Compact SAS [SAS-C]) to sample indoor air in two office environments. Discrepancies were observed in the flow rate results obtained using the manufacturer's Pitot Validation Kit (PVK). Air sampling results suggested no significant difference in the concentration of bacteria and fungi collected among the four sampling heads using either sampler model in a small sample (n = 5) at either site. However, with an additional 15 samples at Site B (n = 5 + 15 = 20), three of the four sampling heads statistically undersampled the 6-STG and the other sampling head. The field data were variable (geometric standard deviation [GSD] = 1.25-1.94 for bacteria; GSD = 1.18-3.51 for fungi), but within ranges previously observed. The manufacturer increased particle collection efficiency by decreasing the hole size; however, this increase was only noticeable after many replicates. The PVK may be used as an accurate flow rate measurement device with the SAS-HF sampler, though the Pitot tube measures only centerline velocity pressure. Because of the 10% decrease in flow rate resulting from the pressure drop across the PVK, the equation in the manufacturer's literature for calculation of average velocities (VAVG) provides a reasonable estimate of flow rate through the SAS-C sampler. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Jensen, P A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 272 EP - 279 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77220492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+standard+and+modified+sampling+heads+for+the+International+PBI+Surface+Air+System+bioaerosol+samplers.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of phytoestrogens on neonatal rat uterine growth and development. AN - 77163649; 7878071 AB - Phytoestrogens found in clover, alfalfa, and soybeans have caused reproductive toxicity in several mammalian species. Other estrogens, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), are developmental toxicants, reducing uterine estrogen receptor (ER) concentration, altering uterine growth, and eliciting reproductive tract abnormalities in the rat. The present study examines the effects of the phytoestrogens coumestrol and equol on the developing rat uterus. Various doses of these compounds were injected sc on postnatal days (PND) 1-5 or 1-10 to ascertain their effects on uterine weight and ER levels, and on PND 10-14 to determine their effects on uterine weight and gland genesis. Coumestrol (PND 1-5) was about 10(-3) as potent as DES in increasing uterine weight (wet or dry) while equol increased dry weight only, with a potency of 10(-5) that of DES. Although the 10 and 100 micrograms doses of coumestrol (PND 1-5 or 1-10) initially increased uterine wet weight, by PND 20 uterine weights either equaled or fell significantly below controls. The 100-micrograms dose of coumestrol (PND 1-5 or 1-10) reduced ER levels at all ages, while the 10-micrograms dose was not as effective. Equol (PND 1-5 or 1-10) did not affect ER levels. Premature uterine gland genesis occurred by PND 9 for the PND 1-5 100-micrograms coumestrol dose. When given on PND 10-14 (the critical period of gland genesis), 10 micrograms and 100 micrograms of coumestrol and 10 micrograms DES greatly increased uterine weight, while no effect was elicited by equol. Although coumestrol and equol inhibited uterine gland genesis in a dose-dependent manner, neither abolished gland genesis as did 10 micrograms of DES or tamoxifen. These data demonstrate that coumestrol elicits uterine biochemical and morphological toxicity much like DES. Equol decreased uterine gland number without increasing uterine wet weight or luminal epithelial hypertrophy, which is inconsistent with either an estrogenic or antiestrogenic action in the uterus. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Medlock, K L AU - Branham, W S AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 307 EP - 313 VL - 208 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - 4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone KW - 0 KW - Chromans KW - Isoflavones KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Equol KW - 531-95-3 KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Coumestrol KW - V7NW98OB34 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- analysis KW - Female KW - Uterus -- growth & development KW - Chromans -- toxicity KW - Coumestrol -- toxicity KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77163649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+phytoestrogens+on+neonatal+rat+uterine+growth+and+development.&rft.au=Medlock%2C+K+L%3BBranham%2C+W+S%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Medlock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. II. Reproductive effects. AN - 36365942; 201002-31-0247334 (CE); 11701676 (EN) AB - This summary report focuses on current studies on reproductive effects reported at the workshop on Perinatal Exposure to Dioxin-like Compounds and supporting data noted in the discussion. Recent laboratory studies have suggested that altered development (e.g., low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation) and reproductive health (e.g., fertility, sex organ development, reproductive behavior) may be among the most sensitive end points when examining the effects of dioxinlike compounds. Thus, future research should target the reproductive health of both males and females exposed postnatally and prenatally. Studies in humans are needed and are on-going. In animal models, postnatal exposure to dioxin or dioxinlike compounds has been associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and abnormal testicular morphology and size in males and with reduced fertility and endometriosis in females. In utero exposure may also produce profound reproductive consequences in both males and females including delays in sexual maturation, abnormalities in development of sexual organs, and abnormal sexual behavior. The mechanism by which dioxin-like compounds cause reproductive effects is not well delineated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eskenazi, B AU - Kimmel, G AD - University of California School of Public Health, Berkeley 94720, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 143 EP - 145 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Males KW - Females KW - Fertility KW - Workshops KW - Organs KW - Spontaneous abortion KW - Delay KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36365942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Workshop+on+perinatal+exposure+to+dioxin-like+compounds.+II.+Reproductive+effects.&rft.au=Eskenazi%2C+B%3BKimmel%2C+G&rft.aulast=Eskenazi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields and cancer: advancements in exposure assessment. AN - 36357465; 201002-31-0247337 (CE); 11701679 (EN) AB - For over ten years, there has been concern with the potential for increased risk of cancer among "electrical workers." In contrast to studies of residential exposure to magnetic fields, occupational studies include electric and magnetic field exposures and have much greater variability in field intensity, frequency, and temporal patterns. Studies of leukemia in electrical workers show a moderate consistency, with elevated risk ratios of 1.2 to 2.0 commonly observed. Brain tumors are similarly elevated with some consistency, and three recent studies have suggested increased risk of male breast cancer. Retrospective exposure assessment methods were advanced in recent studies of diverse occupations in a study in central Sweden, which yielded evidence of increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia among men in more highly exposed occupations. A study of telephone workers in New York State incorporated measurements and found some indication of increased leukemia risk only when exposures were based on historical technology. Utility workers in southern California were studied and found not to have increased risks of leukemia and brain cancer based on exposures estimated with measurements. An ongoing study of electric utility workers at five companies in the United States incorporates an extensive measurement protocol. Randomly selected workers within occupational categories wore a time-integrating magnetic-field meter to provide estimates of exposure for the occupational category. We were able to estimate and partition the variance into between-day (the largest contributor), within occupational categories, and between occupational categories. Principal research needs concern optimal levels of worker aggregation for exposure assignment, historical extrapolation, study of diverse work environments, and integration of residential and occupational exposure in the same study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Savitz, D A AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Occupational KW - Risk KW - Categories KW - Leukemias KW - Cancer KW - Magnetic fields KW - Assessments KW - Occupation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Overview+of+occupational+exposure+to+electric+and+magnetic+fields+and+cancer%3A+advancements+in+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Savitz%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Savitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between summertime ambient ozone levels and emergency department visits for asthma in central New Jersey. AN - 36351166; 201002-31-0247336 (CE); 11701678 (EN) AB - The 5-year retrospective study of the association between temperature and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma with mean ambient ozone levels between 10:00 and 15:00 was conducted in central New Jersey during the summer months. An association was identified in each of the years (1986-1990). Between 8 and 34% of the total variance in ED visits for asthma was explained by the two environmental variables in the step-wise multiple regression analysis. ED visits occurred 28% more frequently when the mean ozone levels were > 0.06 ppm than when they were & 0.06 ppm. This result was statistically significant in a covariance analysis. An evaluation of the effects of ozone on asthmatics reported in the literature was completed to determine if, as proposed by Bates, the results from different types of studies were coherent among the health metrics. A consistency in the magnitude of reported effects and the time lag between exposure and response for four different health indices (symptom reports, decrements in expiratory flow, ED visits, and hospital admissions) was identified and indicates a coherence between ozone and respiratory response to ozone exposure. This supports a proposition that ozone adversely affects asthmatics at levels below the current U.S. standard. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weisel, C P AU - Cody, R P AU - Lioy, P J AD - UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 97 EP - 102 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Ozone KW - Health KW - Asthma KW - Emergencies KW - Coherence KW - Consistency KW - Hospitals KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36351166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+summertime+ambient+ozone+levels+and+emergency+department+visits+for+asthma+in+central+New+Jersey.&rft.au=Weisel%2C+C+P%3BCody%2C+R+P%3BLioy%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Weisel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radon exposure and cancers other than lung cancer in Swedish iron miners. AN - 36348699; 201002-31-0247335 (CE); 11701677 (EN) AB - Data are presented on the risks of cancers other than lung cancer in a cohort of iron miners from northern Sweden occupationally exposed to elevated levels of the radioactive gas radon. Compared with rates for the four northernmost counties of Sweden, mortality was increased for all cancers other than lung cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.41), stomach cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.98), and rectal cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.31). Despite these overall increases, mortality was not significantly associated with cumulative exposure to radon, either for all cancers other than lung cancer or for any site of cancer other than lung cancer individually. However, the data from this cohort on its own have limited power; and for several sites of cancer the data in this study would be consistent with a radon-related increase. Further study of cancers other than lung cancer in populations exposed to radon is required. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Darby, S C AU - Radford, E P AU - Whitley, E AD - Imperial Cancer Research Fund, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. PY - 1995 SP - 45 EP - 47 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Lungs KW - Radon KW - Confidence intervals KW - Death KW - Miners KW - Mortality KW - Iron KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Radon+exposure+and+cancers+other+than+lung+cancer+in+Swedish+iron+miners.&rft.au=Darby%2C+S+C%3BRadford%2C+E+P%3BWhitley%2C+E&rft.aulast=Darby&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical screening and biological monitoring. A guide to the literature for physicians. AN - 77489090; 7655958 AB - The use of medical screening and biological monitoring has seen substantial changes in the past two decades specifically in the provision of occupational medical services. For example, national surveys of workplaces conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) showed that the provision of off-site medical care to workers increased from 19.6% in 1972-1974 to 57.8% in 1981-1983, although the percent of workers receiving on-site services remained stable during the same period. After a recent survey in 1990-1991, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimated that 6.3% of US industries have a medical surveillance program at their individual establishment. We reviewed NIOSH documents, OSHA's Code of Federal Regulations, and texts on biological monitoring and medical screening for recommendations on medical surveillance of workers. This report summarizes the medical tests (including biologic monitoring) recommended or used by independent investigators and by the government for OSHA-regulated substances to provide guidance to physicians and occupational health professionals in accessing the pertinent literature; the utility of the recommendations is not evaluated. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Murthy, L I AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Survillance, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 170 EP - 184 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Mass Screening KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77489090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+screening+and+biological+monitoring.+A+guide+to+the+literature+for+physicians.&rft.au=Murthy%2C+L+I%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Murthy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations of histone phosphorylation in rat spleen cells after treatment with the aromatic amine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline). AN - 77363608; 7595928 AB - Alterations of the phosphorylation pattern of histones by the carcinogen, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) were investigated using rodent spleen cells. Spleen cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with either 5, 10, 25, or 50 microM MOCA or acetone vehicle controls for 1, 2, 4, or 8 hours. Cells were incubated with 32P-phosphoric acid, and histones from these cells were fractionated utilizing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Marked stimulation of histone phosphorylation was observed with the 10 microM MOCA treatment. A transient decrease in histone phosphorylation was observed at the 1 and 2 hour time points followed by a marked stimulation at 4 hours. JF - Journal of biochemical toxicology AU - DeBord, D G AU - Cheever, K L AU - Booth-Jones, A D AU - Swearengin, T F AU - Savage, R E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 19 EP - 23 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0887-2082, 0887-2082 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Histones KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - Phosphotransferases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Phosphorylation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Phosphotransferases -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Histones -- metabolism KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- toxicity KW - Spleen -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77363608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Alterations+of+histone+phosphorylation+in+rat+spleen+cells+after+treatment+with+the+aromatic+amine%2C+4%2C4%27-methylene-bis%282-chloroaniline%29.&rft.au=DeBord%2C+D+G%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BBooth-Jones%2C+A+D%3BSwearengin%2C+T+F%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=DeBord&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.issn=08872082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA probe for detecting Salmonella enteritidis in food. AN - 77288640; 7760865 AB - Salmonellosis is the most frequently reported foodborne illness in the United States, with Salmonella enteritidis being the leading cause of these outbreaks. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the Salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) genes of S. enteritidis with those of S. typhimurium and S. dublin have revealed that a single base-pair change unique to S. enteritidis is present in the spvA gene. An 18-base synthetic oligonucleotide probe (SE-probe) that is completely homologous to the spvA gene of S. enteritidis but which has one base pair mismatch with other salmonellae was shown to be specific for S. enteritidis. In colony hybridization blots, 129 isolates of S. enteritidis, 29 other species of Salmonella, and 17 non-Salmonella spp. were tested with the SE-probe. The SE-probe hybridized with 96% of the S. enteritidis strains tested but did not react with the other Salmonella or non-Salmonella strains. These data suggest that the SE-probe can be used in a specific and rapid detection assay for S. enteritidis. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Hanes, D E AU - Koch, W H AU - Miliotis, M D AU - Lampel, K A AD - Division of Virulence Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Salmonella Infections -- prevention & control KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Salmonella Phages KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- genetics KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77288640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=DNA+probe+for+detecting+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+food.&rft.au=Hanes%2C+D+E%3BKoch%2C+W+H%3BMiliotis%2C+M+D%3BLampel%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Hanes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does regression analysis of lung function data obtained from occupational epidemiologic studies lead to misleading inferences regarding the true effect of smoking? AN - 77287024; 7755017 AB - Exposure-response studies of the relationship between ventilatory function and dust exposure in workers are often quantified using linear regression methods. In coal miners, this technique has indicated that average effects of smoking and moderate dust exposure are roughly equivalent. However, the validity of direct comparison of the average effects of smoking and dust exposure has been questioned, the argument being that smoking causes severe effects in a minority, but leaves the remainder largely unaffected. This hypothesis was studied by examining distributions of FEV1 in a group of working coal miners where mean effects associated with both smoking and dust exposure have been detected. Overall, the results suggest that comparison of average effects of smoking and dust exposure derived from linear regression analysis is valid and not misleading. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Attfield, M D AU - Hodous, T K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 281 EP - 291 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Coal Mining KW - Male KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77287024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Does+regression+analysis+of+lung+function+data+obtained+from+occupational+epidemiologic+studies+lead+to+misleading+inferences+regarding+the+true+effect+of+smoking%3F&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BHodous%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality study of gold miners exposed to silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals: an update with 14 more years of follow-up. AN - 77285062; 7755012 AB - We have updated a study of 3,328 gold miners who worked underground for at least 1 year between 1940-1965 in South Dakota, extending the follow-up from 1977 to 1990. The exposures of concern were silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals. The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.36, 115 observed) when the U.S. population was used as the referent group, increasing to 1.25 (95% CI 1.03-1.51) when the county was used as the referent, and to 1.27 (1.02-1.55) for person-time with more than 30 years potential latency. However, lung cancer mortality did not show a positive exposure-response trend with estimated cumulative dust exposure. Data on smoking habits suggested that the miners smoked slightly more than the U.S. population in a 1960 cross-sectional survey. In contrast to lung cancer, other diseases known to be associated with silica exposure (tuberculosis and silicosis) were significantly increased (SMR = 3.44 and 2.61) and exhibited clear exposure-response trends. Nonmalignant renal disease, also associated with silica exposure, was elevated for those hired in early years and showed a significant positive exposure-response trend. Multiple-cause analysis revealed significant excesses of arthritis, musculoskeletal diseases (including systemic lupus and sclerosis), and skin conditions (including scleroderma and lupus), diseases of autoimmune origin which have been associated with silica exposure in other studies. Multiple cause analysis also showed a significant excess of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Brown, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45206, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 217 EP - 229 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Silicosis -- mortality KW - Mining KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77285062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+study+of+gold+miners+exposed+to+silica+and+nonasbestiform+amphibole+minerals%3A+an+update+with+14+more+years+of+follow-up.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BBrown%2C+D&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistic inhibition by benzodiazepine and barbiturate drugs of the clock control of ovulation in hamsters. AN - 77279302; 7750153 AB - A surge of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) into the bloodstream occurs in hamsters every 4 days between 1:30 p.m. and 3 p.m. in response to a signal from a biological clock. This surge initiates behavioral estrus approximately 2 h later and ovulation approximately 12 h later. Phenobarbital at a dose > or = 100 mg/kg consistently blocks LH release. Barbiturate and benzodiazepine drugs have separate binding sites in the GABAA receptor/chloride channel complex. Binding of either drug increases GABA-mediated chloride conductance, which suppresses the postsynaptic neuron. Barbiturate binding also increases benzodiazepine binding. This suggested that these drugs might synergize to inhibit LH release. A combination of triazolam and phenobarbital at doses of 10 mg/kg injected s.c. at 1:30 p.m. inhibited ovulation and extended the 4-day vaginal cycle in all treated hamsters. Either drug dose injected alone at 1:30 p.m., or the combination at 3 p.m., was completely ineffective. Bicuculline prevented inhibition by the combination at 1:30 p.m. The clock signal for LH release may act by antagonizing GABA transmission, which may be chronically inhibiting LH release. The combination delimited a 75-min period (1:30-2:45 p.m.) within which the clock signal for LH release occurred in all individuals (ET50 = 2:08 p.m.). This period appears to arise from individuals with different but constant clock settings rather than from a 75-min variation in the clock setting of the individual. JF - Chronobiology international AU - Alleva, J J AU - Alleva, F R AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0742-0528, 0742-0528 KW - GABA-A Receptor Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Triazolam KW - 1HM943223R KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Bicuculline KW - Y37615DVKC KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Bicuculline -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Mesocricetus KW - Drug Synergism KW - Time Factors KW - Estrus -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Ovulation -- drug effects KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Triazolam -- administration & dosage KW - Triazolam -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Triazolam -- pharmacology KW - Phenobarbital -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Phenobarbital -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77279302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronobiology+international&rft.atitle=Synergistic+inhibition+by+benzodiazepine+and+barbiturate+drugs+of+the+clock+control+of+ovulation+in+hamsters.&rft.au=Alleva%2C+J+J%3BAlleva%2C+F+R&rft.aulast=Alleva&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chronobiology+international&rft.issn=07420528&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling epidemiologic studies of occupational cohorts for the quantitative assessment of carcinogenic hazards. AN - 77276410; 7755007 AB - Epidemiologic studies of occupational cohorts have played a major role in the quantitative assessment of risks associated with several carcinogenic hazards and are likely to play an increasingly important role in this area. Relatively little attention has been given in either the epidemiologic or the risk assessment literature to the development of appropriate methods for modeling epidemiologic data for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). The purpose of this paper is to review currently available methods for modeling epidemiologic data for risk assessment. The focus of this paper is on methods for use with retrospective cohort mortality studies of occupational groups for estimating cancer risk, since these are the data most commonly used when epidemiologic information is used for QRA. Both empirical (e.g., Poisson regression and Cox proportionate hazards model) and biologic (e.g., two-stage models) models are considered. Analyses of a study of lung cancer among workers exposed to cadmium are used to illustrate these modeling methods. Based on this example it is demonstrated that the selection of a particular model may have a large influence on the resulting estimates of risk. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Bailer, A J AU - Luebeck, E G AU - Moolgavkar, S H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 155 EP - 170 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77276410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Modeling+epidemiologic+studies+of+occupational+cohorts+for+the+quantitative+assessment+of+carcinogenic+hazards.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BBailer%2C+A+J%3BLuebeck%2C+E+G%3BMoolgavkar%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary biomonitoring for alachlor exposure in commercial pesticide applicators by immunoassay. AN - 77268539; 7742633 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Tolos, W AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Henningsen, G M AU - MacKenzie, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 245 EP - 250 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Aroclors KW - 2,6-diethylaniline KW - 579-66-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aniline Compounds -- urine KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Aroclors -- metabolism KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Aroclors -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77268539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Urinary+biomonitoring+for+alachlor+exposure+in+commercial+pesticide+applicators+by+immunoassay.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BTolos%2C+W%3BSanderson%2C+W+T%3BHenningsen%2C+G+M%3BMacKenzie%2C+B&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of intra- and intermolecular crosslinking on the free radical reactions of bovine hemoglobins. AN - 77262698; 7744314 AB - Chemical modifications of human or bovine hemoglobins are designed to produce proteins that can act as oxygen-carrying blood substitutes. Concerns about the redox reactivity of cell-free hemoglobin and its contribution to tissue-damaging oxygen free radicals has not been fully established. We determined that bovine hemoglobins intra- or intermolecularly crosslinked differ in their ability to generate or interact with reactive oxygen species. These differences do not correlate with their oxygen affinities. We compared HbBv-FMDA, produced by the reaction of bovine hemoglobin with fumaryl-monodiaspirin and Poly HbBv, a glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine hemoglobin, with unmodified bovine hemoglobin (HbBv). Superoxide radicals are produced during the spontaneous oxidation of hemoglobin. Relative to the other two proteins. Poly HbBv was found to be more susceptible to autoxidation. Spectral changes indicative of protein modification and ferrylhemoglobin formation during the enzymatic peroxidation of these hemoglobins differ qualitatively and occur at an increasing order, poly HbBv > HbBv > HbBv-FMDA. The proteins also differ in the rate of hemoglobin catalyzed NADPH oxidation and aniline hydroxylation, reactions mediated by reactive oxygen species. Taken together, our results and those reported previously on modified human hemoglobins, suggest that redox and oxygen-carrying functions of hemoglobin can be experimentally manipulated as independently selectable parameters that may ultimately aid in the design of a safer reperfusion agent. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Alayash, A I AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 295 EP - 301 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - Free Radicals KW - Hemoglobins KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - mono(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate KW - 93705-06-7 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Glutaral KW - T3C89M417N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Ferric Compounds -- chemistry KW - NADP -- metabolism KW - Ferrous Compounds -- chemistry KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Glutaral -- chemistry KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Cattle KW - Aspirin -- chemistry KW - Oxygen -- blood KW - Aspirin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Kinetics KW - Aniline Compounds -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77262698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+intra-+and+intermolecular+crosslinking+on+the+free+radical+reactions+of+bovine+hemoglobins.&rft.au=Alayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of schistosomiasis in human bladder cancer: evidence of association, aetiological factors, and basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. AN - 77230540; 7728097 AB - Several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have been carried out to determine whether there is an aetiological role for schistosomiasis in the multi-stage process of bladder carcinogenesis. Lines of evidence supporting the association between bladder cancer and schistosomiasis include indications from the geographical correlation between the two conditions, the distinctive patterns of gender and age at diagnosis, the clinicopathological identity of schistosome-associated bladder cancer and the extensive experimental evidence in infected laboratory animals. Although the causative role of schistosomiasis is now accepted, various associated factors have been proposed in the induction of this particular type of cancer. While all may contribute to the carcinogenic process taking place in the infected bladder, none of these has yet been confirmed. Most attention has been directed at theories proposing possible roles for urinary chemical carcinogens, particularly tryptophan metabolites, N-nitroso compounds and of beta-glucuronidase, as factors that are primarily involved in the initiation of bladder carcinogenesis in areas endemic for schistosomiasis. JF - European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) AU - Badawi, A F AU - Mostafa, M H AU - Probert, A AU - O'Connor, P J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson AF 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 45 EP - 59 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0959-8278, 0959-8278 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Africa -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Europe -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Schistosomiasis haematobia -- complications KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Schistosomiasis haematobia -- epidemiology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77230540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+cancer+prevention+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+European+Cancer+Prevention+Organisation+%28ECP%29&rft.atitle=Role+of+schistosomiasis+in+human+bladder+cancer%3A+evidence+of+association%2C+aetiological+factors%2C+and+basic+mechanisms+of+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Badawi%2C+A+F%3BMostafa%2C+M+H%3BProbert%2C+A%3BO%27Connor%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+cancer+prevention+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+European+Cancer+Prevention+Organisation+%28ECP%29&rft.issn=09598278&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of the N-hydroxy derivative of the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl by human tissue sulfotransferases. AN - 77148754; 7859374 AB - The role of human sulfotransferase(s) in the bioactivation of the N-hydroxy (N-OH) metabolite of the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) was investigated in vitro with human tissue cytosols. Using an enzymatic assay consisting of a PAPS-regenerating system, [3H]N-OH-ABP, calf thymus DNA and tissue cytosols, the sulfotransferase-mediated metabolic activation of N-OH-ABP was determined as the PAPS-dependent covalent binding of the N-OH substrate to DNA. With cytosols prepared from various tissues, we found that the sulfotransferase(s) in human liver, and to a lesser extent colon, can readily metabolize N-OH-ABP. No PAPS-dependent metabolic activation was detected with cytosols prepared from human pancreas or from the carcinogen target tissue, the urinary bladder epithelium. The N-OH-ABP sulfotransferase activities of liver and colon cytosols from different individuals were highly correlated with their thermostable phenol sulfotransferase (TS-PST) activity (liver, r = 0.99, P < 0.01; colon, r = 0.88, P < 0.01), but not with activities for the thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase (TL-PST; liver, r = 0.29; colon, r = 0.53), or for the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA-ST; liver, r = 0.32; colon, negligible activity). N-OH-ABP sulfotransferase activity was highly sensitive to inhibition by a selective TS-PST inhibitor, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (IC50 = 0.7 microM), and by p-nitrophenol, but was unaffected by competitive inhibitors of TL-PST (dopamine) or DHEA-ST (DHEA, DHEA-sulfate). The N-OH-ABP sulfotransferase activity also exhibited thermostability properties similar to that of the TS-PST. From these data, we conclude that human liver TS-PST but not TL-PST or DHEA-ST can metabolically activate the proximate human carcinogen N-OH-ABP to a reactive sulfuric acid ester intermediate that binds covalently to DNA. In addition, in view of the putative role of N-OH-ABP as a major transport form of the carcinogen to the urinary bladder and of the absence of sulfotransferase activity in this tissue, we hypothesize that sulfotransferase activation in the liver may actually decrease the bioavailability of N-OH-ABP toward extrahepatic tissues and thus serve as an important overall detoxification mechanism for the urinary bladder. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Chou, H C AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 413 EP - 417 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl KW - 6810-26-0 KW - Sulfotransferases KW - EC 2.8.2.- KW - Ammonium Sulfate KW - SU46BAM238 KW - Index Medicus KW - Heating KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Sulfotransferases -- metabolism KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Sulfotransferases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77148754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+the+N-hydroxy+derivative+of+the+carcinogen+4-aminobiphenyl+by+human+tissue+sulfotransferases.&rft.au=Chou%2C+H+C%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of regional pulmonary deposition and exposure for fumes from SMAW and GMAW mild and stainless steel consumables. AN - 77143158; 7856514 AB - The particle size distributions and bulk fume densities for mild steel and stainless steel welding fumes generated using two welding processes (shielded metal arc welding [SMAW] and gas metal arc welding [GMAW]) were used in mathematical models to estimate regional pulmonary deposition (the fraction of each fume expected to deposit in each region of the pulmonary system) and regional pulmonary exposure (the fraction of each fume expected to penetrate to each pulmonary region and would be collected by a particle size-selective sampling device). Total lung deposition for GMAW fumes was estimated at 60% greater than that of SMAW fumes. Considering both the potential for deposition and the fume specific surface areas, it is likely that for equal exposure concentrations GMAW fumes deliver nearly three times the particle surface area to the lungs as SMAW fumes. This leads to the hypothesis that exposure to GMAW fumes constitutes a greater pulmonary hazard than equal exposure to SMAW fumes. The implications of this hypothesis regarding the design of future health studies of welders is discussed. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Hewett, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 136 EP - 142 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Smoke KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Particle Size KW - Algorithms KW - Respiration -- physiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Larynx -- metabolism KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- metabolism KW - Risk Factors KW - Diffusion KW - Trachea -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Surface Properties KW - Welding -- methods KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Steel -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Steel -- analysis KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stainless Steel -- analysis KW - Stainless Steel -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77143158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+regional+pulmonary+deposition+and+exposure+for+fumes+from+SMAW+and+GMAW+mild+and+stainless+steel+consumables.&rft.au=Hewett%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hewett&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The particle size distribution, density, and specific surface area of welding fumes from SMAW and GMAW mild and stainless steel consumables. AN - 77141936; 7856513 AB - Particle size distributions were measured for fumes from mild steel (MS) and stainless steel (SS); shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) consumables. Up to six samples of each type of fume were collected in a test chamber using a micro-orifice uniform deposit (cascade) impactor. Bulk samples were collected for bulk fume density and specific surface area analysis. Additional impactor samples were collected using polycarbonate substrates and analyzed for elemental content. The parameters of the underlying mass distributions were estimated using a nonlinear least squares analysis method that fits a smooth curve to the mass fraction distribution histograms of all samples for each type of fume. The mass distributions for all four consumables were unimodal and well described by a lognormal distribution; with the exception of the GMAW-MS and GMAW-SS comparison, they were statistically different. The estimated mass distribution geometric means for the SMAW-MS and SMAW-SS consumables were 0.59 and 0.46 micron aerodynamic equivalent diameter (AED), respectively, and 0.25 micron AED for both the GMAW-MS and GMAW-SS consumables. The bulk fume densities and specific surface areas were similar for the SMAW-MS and SMAW-SS consumables and for the GMAW-MS and GMAW-SS consumables, but differed between SMAW and GMAW. The distribution of metals was similar to the mass distributions. Particle size distributions and physical properties of the fumes were considerably different when categorized by welding method. Within each welding method there was little difference between MS and SS fumes. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Hewett, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 128 EP - 135 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Smoke KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Fluorides KW - Q80VPU408O KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Manganese -- analysis KW - Calcium -- analysis KW - Nickel -- analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation KW - Micropore Filters KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Fluorides -- analysis KW - Potassium -- analysis KW - Surface Properties KW - Welding -- methods KW - Steel -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Steel -- analysis KW - Stainless Steel -- analysis KW - Stainless Steel -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77141936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=The+particle+size+distribution%2C+density%2C+and+specific+surface+area+of+welding+fumes+from+SMAW+and+GMAW+mild+and+stainless+steel+consumables.&rft.au=Hewett%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hewett&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of N-hydroxy arylamines and N-hydroxy heterocyclic amines by human sulfotransferase(s). AN - 77127530; 7834621 AB - Several N-hydroxy metabolites of carcinogenic arylamines and heterocyclic amines were examined as substrates for bioactivation by human liver sulfotransferases (STs). Among the N-hydroxy derivatives studied, N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, N-hydroxy-4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline), N-hydroxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and N-hydroxy-2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole were each metabolically activated by 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-dependent human liver STs. No ST-mediated DNA binding of N-hydroxy-2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline or N-hydroxy-2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline was detected under our assay conditions. In the 12 human hepatic cytosols studied, the extent of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-dependent DNA binding of the N-hydroxy derivatives were all significantly correlated with levels of thermostable phenol ST (TS-PST) activity but not with thermolabile phenol ST or dehydroepiandrosterone ST activities. The propensity of these N-hydroxy arylamines and N-hydroxy heterocyclic amines to serve as selective substrates for human TS-PST was further confirmed by inhibition with 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol and by thermostability studies. N-hydroxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and N-hydroxy-4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) were also used as substrates to study ST-dependent metabolic activation in other human tissue preparations. 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-dependent DNA binding activity was detected in human liver and colon cytosols but not in pancreas, larynx, or urinary bladder epithelial cytosols. Since the TS-PST appears to be expressed polymorphically in human populations, the finding that human TS-PST is capable of metabolically activating N-hydroxy metabolites of several carcinogenic arylamines and heterocyclic amines suggests that TS-PST may have an important role in determining interindividual susceptibility to these environmental and dietary carcinogens. JF - Cancer research AU - Chou, H C AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100) National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1995/02/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Feb 01 SP - 525 EP - 529 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Hydroxylamines KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Sulfotransferases KW - EC 2.8.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - Larynx -- enzymology KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Pancreas -- enzymology KW - Hydroxylation KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Sulfotransferases -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Hydroxylamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77127530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+N-hydroxy+arylamines+and+N-hydroxy+heterocyclic+amines+by+human+sulfotransferase%28s%29.&rft.au=Chou%2C+H+C%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micronucleus formation induced by three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rat bone marrow and spleen erythrocytes following intratracheal instillation. AN - 77127220; 7529878 AB - Benz[a]anthracene (BA), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) and dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DBP) are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in incomplete combustion products of fossil fuels, coal tar, and other organic materials. Workers in related industries may be exposed to these chemicals by inhalation. The information related to the potential health hazards of these chemicals to the exposed workers, however, is very limited. In the present study, micronucleus (MN) formation in rat bone marrow and spleen polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) was determined following three intratracheal instillations within a 24-h period with either BA, DBA or DBP. Three doses with five rats per dose were used for each chemical. Bone marrow and spleen cells were harvested 24 h after the first dosing. Results showed that the order of toxicity for the three PAHs was DBP > DBA > BA. BA induced MN in a dose-related manner in both bone marrow and spleen PCEs at doses above 25 mg/kg. DBA caused significant increases in the frequencies of MN in both spleen and bone marrow PCEs at the dose of 8.5 mg/kg or higher. At 10 mg/kg, DBP significantly increased MN frequency in spleen PCEs, but the increase in bone marrow PCEs was not significantly different from the control. These results indicate that: (1) all three PAHs studied are absorbed through the respiratory tract and their genotoxic metabolites reach the bone marrow and/or spleen; (2) except for DBP which does not induce MN in the bone marrow, all three PAHs induced MN in both bone marrow and spleen PCEs; and (3) the sensitivity of the spleen to the three PAHs is comparable to or higher than that of the bone marrow. JF - Mutation research AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Gu, Z W AU - Stewart, J AU - Ong, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845. Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - February 1995 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 326 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - Benzopyrenes KW - Mutagens KW - dibenzo(a,i)pyrene KW - 7FMI112D18 KW - benz(a)anthracene KW - C5PLF6152K KW - 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene KW - T30ELH3D5X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Linear Models KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Trachea KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Benzopyrenes -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77127220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Micronucleus+formation+induced+by+three+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+rat+bone+marrow+and+spleen+erythrocytes+following+intratracheal+instillation.&rft.au=Zhong%2C+B+Z%3BGu%2C+Z+W%3BStewart%2C+J%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidation-reduction reactions of metal ions. AN - 36365023; 201002-31-0247333 (CE); 11701675 (EN) AB - Several metal or metalloid ions exist in multiple oxidation states and can undergo electron transfer reactions that are important in biological and environmental systems. There are endogenous metal ions such as iron, copper, and cobalt that participate in oxidation-reduction reactions with species of oxygen like molecular dioxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. These reactions may be modulated by endogenous reducing agents such as glutathione, ascorbate, and tocopherol. The reactions can be described in terms of thermodynamics through the use of standard electrode potentials. A favorable reaction will depend on the concentrations of the reactants and may depend on the pH and/or on the presence of organic ligands that form complexes with the metal or metalloid. Arsenate (As(V)) can react with glutathione in buffered aqueous solutions to produce arsenite (As(III)) and oxidized glutathione. This reaction may be important in the methylation reactions of arsenic. Arsenic species can decrease the red blood cell levels of reduced glutathione, but the products of oxidation and the mechanism of oxidation are more complex than those found in water alone. Chromium (VI) is thought to interact with DNA after first reacting with a reducing agent such as glutathione to form lower oxidation states of chromium. These examples illustrate the importance of oxidation-reduction reactions for toxic metals and metalloids. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carter, D E AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 17 EP - 19 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Glutathione KW - Chromium KW - Metalloids KW - Oxidation-reduction reactions KW - Metal ions KW - Oxidation KW - Arsenic KW - Valence KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36365023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Oxidation-reduction+reactions+of+metal+ions.&rft.au=Carter%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental exposure to chromium compounds in the valley of Leon, Mexico. AN - 36348203; 201002-31-0247329 (CE); 11701671 (EN) AB - The effects on the environment and health of the operation of a chromate compounds factory and tanneries in the Leon valley in central Mexico are discussed. Sampling and analysis of chromium were performed in water, soil, and human urine. Groundwater has been polluted in an area of about 5 km2 by the leaching of a solid factory waste, which results in concentrations up to 50 mg/l of hexavalent chromium. The plume shape and extension appear to be controlled by the prevailing well extraction regime. Total chromium was detected in the soil around the factory as a result of both aerial transport and deposition of dust produced in the chromate process and irrigation with tannery-contaminated water. Analysis of the impact of chromium in air and water on populations with various degrees of exposure revealed that highly harmful health effects were not observed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Armienta-Hernandez, M A AU - Rodriguez-Castillo, R AD - Instituto de Geofisica, UNAM, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. PY - 1995 SP - 47 EP - 51 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Chromium KW - Manufacturing engineering KW - Health KW - Factories KW - Plants KW - Industrial engineering KW - Valleys KW - Chromates KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+exposure+to+chromium+compounds+in+the+valley+of+Leon%2C+Mexico.&rft.au=Armienta-Hernandez%2C+M+A%3BRodriguez-Castillo%2C+R&rft.aulast=Armienta-Hernandez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metals in some lagoons of Mexico. AN - 36342562; 201002-31-0247331 (CE); 11701673 (EN) AB - The concentrations of metals, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in some lagoons to establish the level of metal pollution. The lagoons studied were Alvarado lagoon, Veracruz; San Andres lagoon, Tamaulipas; and Terminos lagoon, Campeche. The concentrations were determined in water, oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and sediments. Metals were accumulated in either oysters or sediments. Cu and Zn were higher in oysters and Fe and Mn were higher in sediments. The results in water samples were compared with the limit established by the Secretaria de Ecologia and Desarrollo Urbano Report and briefly discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vazquez, F G AU - Sharma, V K AU - Alexander, V H AU - Frausto, C A AD - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. PY - 1995 SP - 33 EP - 34 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lagoons KW - Oysters KW - Sediments KW - Iron KW - Manganese KW - Zinc KW - Copper KW - Lead (metal) KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Metals+in+some+lagoons+of+Mexico.&rft.au=Vazquez%2C+F+G%3BSharma%2C+V+K%3BAlexander%2C+V+H%3BFrausto%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Vazquez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal transport in cells: cadmium uptake by rat hepatocytes and renal cortical epithelial cells. AN - 36340509; 201002-31-0247328 (CE); 11701670 (EN) AB - The toxic metals appear to use the transport pathways that exist for biologically essential metals. In this regard interactions between the toxic and essential metals are possible. This report summarizes recent findings on the transport of cadmium in rat hepatocytes and renal cortical epithelial cells in the presence or absence of certain essential metals. The transport of cadmium in hepatocytes does not require energy and, therefore, is not an active process. It occurs primarily (80%) by temperature-sensitive processes, i.e., ion channels and carriers, that involve interaction with sulfhydryl groups. These processes apparently exist for the transport of essential metals like copper, zinc and calcium. The remaining 20% of the cadmium in hepatocytes is transported via a temperature-insensitive process, possibly by diffusion. In comparison with the hepatocytes, a smaller fraction (30%) of the cadmium transport through the basolateral membrane and none from the apical membrane of the renal cortical epithelial cells is temperature-sensitive. Total accumulation through the basolateral membrane is about twice that through the apical membrane. A majority of the cadmium transport in the renal cells is by diffusion. As in hepatocytes, copper, zinc and mercury antagonize cadmium transport through the apical membranes of the renal cells. The relative antagonism by copper is the same (25%); however, the antagonism by zinc (16%) and mercury (10%) is 4- to 6-fold lower than in hepatocytes. It appears that the relative contribution of various transport pathways available for cadmium uptake is different in each cell type and apparently depends on the morphological and functional differences between the cell membranes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shaikh, Z A AU - Blazka, M E AU - Endo, T AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 73 EP - 75 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Transport KW - Cadmium KW - Zinc KW - Membranes KW - Copper KW - Uptakes KW - Diffusion KW - Mercury KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36340509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Metal+transport+in+cells%3A+cadmium+uptake+by+rat+hepatocytes+and+renal+cortical+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+Z+A%3BBlazka%2C+M+E%3BEndo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone lead measured by X-ray fluorescence: epidemiologic methods. AN - 36316332; 201002-31-0247332 (CE); 11701674 (EN) AB - In vivo X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement of bone lead concentration (XRF) has emerged as an important technique for future epidemiological studies of long-term toxicity. Several issues germane to epidemiologic methodology need to be addressed, however. First, sources of variability in measurements of bone lead need to be quantified, including imprecision related to the physical measurement itself and the variability of lead deposition over the two main compartments of bones (cortical vs. trabecular) and within each compartment. Imprecision related to the physical measurement can be estimated for each individual measurement based on the variability of the signal and background. Second, approaches to low-level data need to be debated. We argue for using the minimal detection limit (MDL) to compare instruments and interpret individual measurements; however, with regard to epidemiologic studies, we would abandon the MDL in favor of using all point estimates. In analyses using bone lead as an independent variable, statistical techniques can be used to adjust regression estimates based on estimates of measurement uncertainty and bone lead variability. Third, factors that can be expected to modify the relationship between bone lead and toxicity such as gravida history, endocrinological states, nutrition, and other important influences on bone metabolism, need to be identified and measured in epidemiologic studies. By addressing these issues, investigators will be able to maximize the utility of XRF measurements in environmental epidemiologic studies. Images Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hu, H AU - Aro, A AU - Rotnitzky, A AD - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 105 EP - 110 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bones KW - Epidemiology KW - Estimates KW - Biocompatibility KW - Toxicity KW - Fluorescence KW - Images KW - X-rays KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36316332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bone+lead+measured+by+X-ray+fluorescence%3A+epidemiologic+methods.&rft.au=Hu%2C+H%3BAro%2C+A%3BRotnitzky%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of disease: The biology of cancer gene therapy AN - 15957660; 4063883 AB - (DBO). JF - Laboratory Investigation AU - Whartenby, KA AU - Abboud, C N AU - Marrogi, A J AU - Ramesh, R AU - Freeman, S M AD - Cent. Biologics, FDA, Rockville, MD 20853, USA Y1 - 1995/02// PY - 1995 DA - Feb 1995 SP - 131 EP - 145 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0023-6837, 0023-6837 KW - cytokines KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - Gene therapy KW - immunotherapy KW - cancer KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15957660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+Investigation&rft.atitle=Biology+of+disease%3A+The+biology+of+cancer+gene+therapy&rft.au=Whartenby%2C+KA%3BAbboud%2C+C+N%3BMarrogi%2C+A+J%3BRamesh%2C+R%3BFreeman%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Whartenby&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laboratory+Investigation&rft.issn=00236837&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; Gene therapy; immunotherapy; cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of ferric nitrilotriacetate on L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 77160517; 7874688 AB - An iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), induces renal proximal tubular necrosis that leads to a high incidence of renal adenocarcinoma in rodents. Others have shown that Fe-NTA induces modified DNA base products both in vitro and in vivo. However, Fe-NTA is negative in the Ames Salmonella test with or without S9 activation. The goal of this project was to determine if Fe-NTA is cytotoxic and mutagenic using the L5178Y (TK +/-) mouse lymphoma assay. Our experiments showed a relationship between the concentration of Fe-NTA (0 to 1 mM) and the decrease in relative survival. An exposure-dependent increase in the number of mutations was observed with increasing concentrations of Fe-NTA. At 14% relative survival, there was about a 4-fold increase in mutations (trifluorothymidine resistance) over unexposed, control cells. Ferric nitrate or nitrilotriacetic acid alone induced a relatively low 1.5- or 1.1-fold increase in mutation, respectively. Our results establish that Fe-NTA is mutagenic in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay system. JF - Cancer letters AU - Toyokuni, S AU - Sagripanti, J L AU - Hitchins, V M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1995/01/27/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 27 SP - 157 EP - 162 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Mutagens KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid KW - KA90006V9D KW - ferric nitrilotriacetate KW - Z3U5ED15B9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Kinetics KW - Mice KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Leukemia L5178 -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77160517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Cytotoxic+and+mutagenic+effects+of+ferric+nitrilotriacetate+on+L5178Y+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Toyokuni%2C+S%3BSagripanti%2C+J+L%3BHitchins%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Toyokuni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-27&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-04 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF OCTOBER 1993). AN - 36397921; 5243 AB - PURPOSE: The establishment of a master plan to guide and coordinate physical development of buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Maryland, is proposed. The master plan would be developed in response to projected NIH administrative, research and infrastructure support needs, and not commit NIH to any of the projects proposed. The implementation of any project in the master plan is dependent on Congressional funding. Two alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this draft supplement to the draft EIS. The implementation of the master plan would provide guidance for up to 14 new laboratory buildings for intramural research; a complete upgrading and modernization of power plants and other support utilities and infrastructure; the replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; the consolidation of surface parking into multiple level and underground parking structures; the construction of a Loop Road, with emphasis placed on pedestrian, bicycle and transit use in the central core area of the campus; a physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level, and protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures; the construction of a 250-bed clinical center inpatient hospital; the construction of stormwater management facilities that will meet state standards; the construction of expanded child daycare facilities for employees, small scale retail service, and other employee amenities; and the establishment of a natural zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer adjoining residential neighborhoods from NIH facilities and activities. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The master plan activities would meet current and projected NIH laboratory and clinical center needs, increase the capability to install advanced equipment for patient care, and increase administrative efficiency. Employment would expand to 18,000 jobs by the year 2015, representing an increase of 1,675 jobs over that projected under the No Action Alternative. Occupiable building space would increase from 7.0 million gross square feet (gsf) to 7.4 million gsf by 2000 and to 10.0 million gsf by 2015. Land use and socioeconomic impacts would be consistent with local central business district development plans, and traffic congestion impacts would not depart significantly from those under the No Action Alternative. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, peak electric power demand would increase from 66,000 kilowatts (KW) to 108,000 KW, and peak water demand would increase from 6,000 to 9,350 gallons per minute; significant increases would also occur for sanitary sewer flows, and in the demand for steam, chilled water, and natural gas. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 93-0454D, Volume 17, Number 6. JF - EPA number: 950326, Master Plan--414 pages, Supplement--433 pages, January 21, 1995 PY - 1995 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Drainage KW - Electric Power KW - Employment KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Hospitals KW - Housing KW - Land Use KW - Natural Gas KW - Power Plants KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Sewers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Supply KW - Maryland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36397921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+OCTOBER+1993%29.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN+FOR+THE+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+OCTOBER+1993%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Facilities Planning and Programming Branch, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: January 21, 1995 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a Definition of Dyslexia AN - 85348155; llba-9607391 AB - A working operational definition of dyslexia is presented, incorporating the fact that reading disability is measured at the single word level & is causally associated with phonological deficits. The definition does not specify that an IQ-reading achievement discrepancy needs to be present in order for dyslexia to be diagnosed. The most important point is that the definition is dynamic - it can change as new data become available. These data might come out of new neuroimaging techniques or more precise genetic studies. The importance of detecting phonological deficits early is discussed. 136 References. A. Hernandez JF - Annals of Dyslexia AU - Lyon, G Reid AD - National Instits Health US Dept Health & Human Services Public Health Service, Bethesda MD 20892 Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3 EP - 27 VL - 45 SN - 0736-9387, 0736-9387 KW - dyslexia, operational definition KW - *Dyslexia (20250) KW - *Reading Deficiencies (70900) KW - *Phonological Processing (65110) KW - article KW - 6511: learning disabilities; reading disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85348155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Dyslexia&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Definition+of+Dyslexia&rft.au=Lyon%2C+G+Reid&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Dyslexia&rft.issn=07369387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-17 N1 - CODEN - ANDYDD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Dyslexia (20250); *Phonological Processing (65110); *Reading Deficiencies (70900) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection performance of the ideal decision function and its McLaurin expansion: signal position unknown. AN - 85158053; pmid-7860823 AB - Although optimal decision functions for many simple detection/discrimination tasks can be cast in a form linear in the signal data, more complicated tasks require the addition of higher-order terms. This is typically the case when parameter uncertainty is allowed, in imaging for example, for the detection of a target of known size and shape but unknown position in a noise field. The simple task of detecting signals known exactly except for position, specifically detection of a "boxcar" shaped signal on a uniform data trace, has been studied in order to elucidate the relative importance of the first-, second-, or higher-order terms of the likelihood ratio decision rule. Analytical expressions have been developed to describe signal-to-noise ratios relevant for performance evaluation at low signal contrast levels, and computer simulations have been used to evaluate performance at higher contrast. It was found that for this task the first-order term (which corresponds to measuring the mean value of the data) dominates for low contrast signals but is superseded by higher-order terms (which is jth order correspond to the jth-order correlation of the data match filtered with the jth-order correlation of the signal) as contrast is increased. The quadratic term is found to be inferior to the linear term for small contrast and to the cubic for all values of signal contrast if the background is held constant. When the background level is allowed to vary, the performance of the odd-order terms decreases relative to that of the quadratic (and other even-order ones). Various measures of decision function efficiency are compared, demonstrating the severe limitations of using the simple signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) formalism for processes with non-Gaussian-distributed probability density functions. These results are valuable for guiding approaches to computational observers of signal data by showing the range of validity of suboptimal decision functions that are much easier to compute than the exact likelihood ratio solution. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Brown, D G AU - Insana, M F AU - Tapiovaara, M AD - Center for Devices & Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. PY - 1995 SP - 379 EP - 398 VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85158053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Detection+performance+of+the+ideal+decision+function+and+its+McLaurin+expansion%3A+signal+position+unknown.&rft.au=Brown%2C+D+G%3BInsana%2C+M+F%3BTapiovaara%2C+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis and lung cancer among workers in North Carolina dusty trades. AN - 77953225; 8929698 AB - In 1940-1983, 760 cases of silicosis were identified among male North Carolina (NC) workers in dusty trades. Vital status was ascertained through 1983 for 714 silicotics, and death certificates were obtained for 546 of the 550 decedents. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer based on United States rates was 2.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.8-3.6] for whites, 2.3 (95% CI 1.5-3.4) for whites unexposed to other known occupational carcinogens, and 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.6) for whites with no other exposure and diagnosed with silicosis while still employed in dusty trades. In addition, the age- and smoking-adjusted rate for silicotics was 3.9 times higher (95% CI 2.4-6.4) than that of nonsilicotic metal miners. This analysis effectively controlled for confounding by age, cigarette smoking, exposure to other occupational carcinogens, and detection bias. The results congrue with the hypothesis of an association between silicosis and lung cancer. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Amandus, H E AU - Shy, C AU - Castellan, R M AU - Blair, A AU - Heineman, E F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 81 EP - 83 VL - 21 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Survival Rate KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Confidence Intervals KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Lung Neoplasms -- complications KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Silicosis -- complications KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77953225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Silicosis+and+lung+cancer+among+workers+in+North+Carolina+dusty+trades.&rft.au=Amandus%2C+H+E%3BShy%2C+C%3BCastellan%2C+R+M%3BBlair%2C+A%3BHeineman%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Amandus&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation and DNA adduct detection of PhIP in dogs, rats, and humans in relation to urinary bladder and colon carcinogenesis. AN - 77937867; 8844812 AB - The metabolic activation of the heterocyclic amine carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), was examined in dogs and rats as models for urinary bladder and colon carcinogenesis, respectively. The results indicate that unconjugated N-OH-PhIP is not excreted in the urine after oral dosing with PhIP and that the two isomeric N-glucuronides of N-OH-PhIP, which are formed as major metabolites, are stable under acidic conditions. These data suggest that PhIP is unlikely to serve as a urinary bladder carcinogen in either species. Using metabolic inhibitors, bile duct ligation, and intravenous dosing studies, a new hypothesis for colorectal carcinogenesis is proposed involving N-oxidation of PhIP by hepatic cytochrome P-4501A2 (CYP1A2) and O-acetylation by the polymorphic acetyltransferase (NAT2). The resulting N-hydroxy and N-acetoxy metabolites both appear to be transported through the circulation to the colon mucosa, forming covalent DNA adducts. Glucuronidation and reaction with glutathione appear to serve as detoxification pathways. In humans, individuals who are phenotypically rapid metabolizers for both CYP1A2 and NAT2 are significantly higher (p = 0.0015) in colorectal cancer/poly cases vs. controls; and PhIP-DNA adducts can be detected in human colon samples. These studies provide strong evidence that PhIP and other heterocyclic amines play an important role in the etiology of human colorectal cancer. JF - Princess Takamatsu symposia AU - Kadlubar, F AU - Kaderlik, R K AU - Mulder, G J AU - Lin, D AU - Butler, M A AU - Teitel, C H AU - Minchin, R F AU - Ilett, K F AU - Friesen, M D AU - Bartsch, H AD - National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 207 EP - 213 VL - 23 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Imidazoles KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Imidazoles -- urine KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77937867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Princess+Takamatsu+symposia&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+and+DNA+adduct+detection+of+PhIP+in+dogs%2C+rats%2C+and+humans+in+relation+to+urinary+bladder+and+colon+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F%3BKaderlik%2C+R+K%3BMulder%2C+G+J%3BLin%2C+D%3BButler%2C+M+A%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BMinchin%2C+R+F%3BIlett%2C+K+F%3BFriesen%2C+M+D%3BBartsch%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Princess+Takamatsu+symposia&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medications development for alcohol use disorders. AN - 77937324; 8851640 AB - There are substantial differences between the objectives and processes of normal grant-funded research and those of commercial pharmaceutical development. These differences are explained with respect to clinical trials design in alcohol addiction, strategies for maximizing the success of controlled trials in drug development in this area, and avoidance of problems in the conducting of clinical trials subject to audit. Also discussed are possible new pharmacological interventions in alcohol use disorders and the need to recognize the usefulness of medications across the whole range of clinical presentations. JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Wright, C AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 681 EP - 686 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Alcohol Deterrents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Research Design KW - Alcoholism -- drug therapy KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77937324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.atitle=Medications+development+for+alcohol+use+disorders.&rft.au=Wright%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of silicosis risk for occupational exposure to crystalline silica. AN - 77935357; 8929700 AB - Epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to silica were reviewed to identify data on airborne concentrations of quartz that are not associated with an increased risk of silicosis, the lowest concentrations associated with silicosis, and studies that used statistical models to quantitate the risk of silicosis as a function of silica exposure. The no observed adverse effect levels varied from 7 to 100 mu g center dot m-3, and the lowest observed adverse effect levels ranged from 8 to 252 mu g center dot m-3 in five different cohorts. Studies using quantitative exposure-response models revealed a wide difference in the cumulative risk estimates for silicosis. The differences in the risk estimates and the no observed and lowest observed effect levels may have been the result of errors in exposure estimates, physicochemical characteristics of silica and quartz content of the dust, cohort differences, and reader variability. Further research is needed to define the dose-response relationship between silica exposure and silicosis. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Rice, F L AU - Stayner, L T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 87 EP - 90 VL - 21 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77935357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+silicosis+risk+for+occupational+exposure+to+crystalline+silica.&rft.au=Rice%2C+F+L%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods used by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to monitor crystalline silica. AN - 77935109; 8929686 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States has four methods for monitoring the concentration of crystalline silica dust. They all employ a cyclone for size-selective sampling in the field, but differ primarily in that the laboratory measurement is based on either infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, or colorimetry. The limits of detection for these methods are similar, but their accuracy is poor, particularly at low filter loadings near the current recommended exposure limit (50 mu g center dot m-3). Advances in analytical instrumentation have improved measurement precision. Correction techniques to account for X-ray absorption in samples loaded with nonsilica dust have eliminated one source of bias. Direct analysis on collection filters is a convenient technique that should decrease sample manipulation errors, but it has not been shown to improve precision or accuracy significantly. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Lorberau, C D AU - Abell, M T AD - Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Center for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 35 EP - 38 VL - 21 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Crystallization KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77935109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Methods+used+by+the+United+States+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+to+monitor+crystalline+silica.&rft.au=Lorberau%2C+C+D%3BAbell%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Lorberau&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New toxicological testing approaches based upon exposure/activity/availability assessments. AN - 77931591; 8925718 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Mulligan, L T AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20853, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 573 EP - 579 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Animals KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Veterinary Medicine KW - Infection KW - Risk Assessment KW - Biological Availability KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77931591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=New+toxicological+testing+approaches+based+upon+exposure%2Factivity%2Favailability+assessments.&rft.au=Mulligan%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Mulligan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle activity and in vivo pulmonary response to freshly milled and aged alpha-quartz. AN - 77931018; 8929681 AB - This study examined the possibility of freshly fractured alpha-quartz being more toxic and inflammatory in vivo than aged quartz of the same composition and particle size. Fresh quartz was generated by a jet mill, and used immediately, while aged dust was stored for two months before use. Both the production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals and the analysis of surface radicals verified the enhanced surface activity of fresh quartz. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to fresh or aged alpha-quartz by inhalation (20 mg center dot m-3, 5 h per day, 5 d per week, for 2 weeks) and their pulmonary responses were determined 1--3 d postexposure. Exposure to aged quartz resulted in an increase in cytotoxic and inflammatory parameters. In comparison, the inhalation of freshly cleaved quartz resulted in dramatically greater increases in all of the pulmonary responses. This finding suggests that exposure to freshly machined quartz may result in a greater risk of pulmonary disease. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Shoemaker, D A AU - Pretty, J R AU - Ramsey, D M AU - McLaurin, J L AU - Khan, A AU - Teass, A W AU - Castranova, V AU - Pailes, W H AU - Dalal, N S AU - Miles, P R AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 15 EP - 18 VL - 21 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Pilot Projects KW - Silicosis -- physiopathology KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Male KW - Quartz -- adverse effects KW - Quartz -- administration & dosage KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- physiopathology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Lung Diseases, Interstitial -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77931018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Particle+activity+and+in+vivo+pulmonary+response+to+freshly+milled+and+aged+alpha-quartz.&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+D+A%3BPretty%2C+J+R%3BRamsey%2C+D+M%3BMcLaurin%2C+J+L%3BKhan%2C+A%3BTeass%2C+A+W%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BPailes%2C+W+H%3BDalal%2C+N+S%3BMiles%2C+P+R&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing medications for the treatment of addiction in pregnancy: one reviewer's opinion. AN - 77914068; 8775843 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Wright, C AD - Pilot Drug Evaluation Staff, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 231 EP - 235 VL - 149 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77914068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Testing+medications+for+the+treatment+of+addiction+in+pregnancy%3A+one+reviewer%27s+opinion.&rft.au=Wright%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of in vivo mutation induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in the hprt gene of rat lymphocytes. AN - 77782820; 8575415 AB - The rat lymphocyte hprt assay measures in vivo mutagenicity by quantifying the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) spleen lymphocytes cultured in vitro. In this study we have examined the types of mutations induced in the hprt gene of TGr lymphocyte clones from female Fischer 344 rats exposed to 100 mg/kg N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Hprt exons 3 and 8 were amplified from DNA extracted from each of 249 clones, and the resulting products were screened for mutant:wild-type heteroduplex formation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The analysis revealed 59 clones with mutations in exon 3, and 20 clones with mutations in exon 8. DNA sequence analysis of the heteroduplexes identified 84 mutations: all of the mutations were base pair substitutions, and 88% were mutations of A:T base pairs. At least 82% were induced independently. These results suggest that the mutations found in TGr rat lymphocytes from ENU-treated rats were due mainly to ethylthymidine adducts. In addition, a comparison of these results with previously reported in vivo ENU mutational profiles indicates that the types of mutation detected by heteroduplex screening of rat hprt exons 3 and 8 are representative of mutation in the entire protein coding sequence. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Smith, B A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 261 EP - 269 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Composition KW - Exons KW - Drug Resistance KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Introns KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Female KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- pharmacology KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77782820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+in+vivo+mutation+induced+by+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea+in+the+hprt+gene+of+rat+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U31249; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Auditory and vestibular functions after single or combined exposure to toluene: a review. AN - 77763856; 8526738 AB - Toluene is a widely used organic solvent, heavily employed in many manufacturing industries. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate on the deleterious effect of toluene exposure has on the auditory and vestibular systems. Although little published information exists regarding these effects, the reported findings indicate a need for further investigation. The results of such investigations may dramatically affect occupational hearing conservation practices and legislation. Both human and animal studies will be summarized in discussing the effects of toluene alone or in combination with noise or other chemicals. Gaps in scientific knowledge are highlighted to assist future research. JF - Archives of toxicology AU - Morata, T C AU - Nylén, P AU - Johnson, A C AU - Dunn, D E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 431 EP - 443 VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Hearing -- drug effects KW - Vestibule, Labyrinth -- drug effects KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Toluene -- adverse effects KW - Cochlea -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77763856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Auditory+and+vestibular+functions+after+single+or+combined+exposure+to+toluene%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BNyl%C3%A9n%2C+P%3BJohnson%2C+A+C%3BDunn%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic polymorphisms and carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in human populations. AN - 77682851; 7581479 AB - Metabolic polymorphisms have long been recognized as important determinants of carcinogen susceptibility and recent efforts have shown that interindividual differences in specific cytochromes P450, acetyltransferases, sulfotransferases and glutathione S-transferases are often disproportionately represented in epidemiological studies between cancer cases and controls. Concomitantly, biomonitoring of carcinogen-DNA adducts in human tissues using immunochemical, 32P-postlabelling, fluorescence, and mass spectrometric methods have recently provided direct evidence of human exposure to genotoxic aromatic and heterocyclic amines, polycyclic hydrocarbons, alkylating agents, and endogenous products. However, a combined approach is now needed in order to assess the relevance of these findings to cancer etiology, to identify high-risk individuals, and to provide better health monitoring, earlier diagnosis, and cancer prevention. Using this paradigm, results are presented that implicate specific aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the etiology of human urinary bladder, colon, and laryngeal cancers. JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - S108 EP - S117 VL - 5 Spec No SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Sulfotransferases KW - EC 2.8.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Sulfotransferases -- genetics KW - Sulfotransferases -- metabolism KW - Reference Values KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Pregnancy KW - Meat KW - Smoking KW - Risk Factors KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Female KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- genetics KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77682851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Metabolic+polymorphisms+and+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+formation+in+human+populations.&rft.au=Kaderlik%2C+K+R%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kaderlik&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=5+Spec+No&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphological transformation induced by glass fibers in BALB/c-3T3 cells. AN - 77658203; 8525469 AB - Studies were conducted to determine whether 1) glass fibers can induce morphological transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells, 2) the transforming activity of glass fibers is related to fiber size, and 3) transformed cells induced by glass fibers possess neoplastic properties. In the transformation assay, BALB/c-3T3 cells were treated with three different types of glass fibers: Manville code 100 (JM-100, Manville Corp., Denver, CO), Owens-Corning AAA-10 (AAA-10, Owens-Corning Corp., Toledo, OH), and Owens-Corning general building insulation (ISL, Owens-Corning Corp.) fibers. The neoplastic properties were investigated using the soft agar cloning and gene transfection methods. All three different glass fibers were cytotoxic at high concentrations and induced dose-related increases in morphological transformation. The transforming activity was inversely related to fiber size, with AAA-10 showing higher activity than JM-100 and JM-100 showing higher activity than ISL fiber. Transformed cells induced by glass fibers exerted anchorage-independent growth (90%) and DNA transfection-mediated transformation (100%). These results indicate that glass fibers are capable of transforming mammalian (BALB/c-3T3) cells in vitro as a function of their physical properties and that glass fiber-induced transformed cells possess preneoplastic characteristics. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Gao, H G AU - Whong, W Z AU - Jones, W G AU - Wallace, W E AU - Ong, T AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 63 EP - 71 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Transfection KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Adhesion KW - Glass KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77658203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Morphological+transformation+induced+by+glass+fibers+in+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells.&rft.au=Gao%2C+H+G%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BWallace%2C+W+E%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of quinolone antibiotics using liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 77657629; 7548957 AB - Liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods for the determination and quantification of four quinolone antibiotics were adapted from a published procedure for liquid-liquid extraction from catfish muscle and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. In-source collision-induced dissociation was used to optimize fragmentation to produce mass spectra consisting of the protonated molecule and two characteristic fragment ions of nearly equal intensity. Selected ion monitoring of three ions per quinolone yielded sensitive detection in catfish muscle extracts (estimated instrumental detection limits 0.8-1.7 ppb). The intensity ratios were used to confirm the presence of three of the quinolones based on the accurate agreement (< or equal to 10% deviation) between ratios derived from fortified catfish extracts and those from standard quinolones. MS/MS was used to increase the specificity and sensitivity of analysis. Scans using constant neural loss (CNL) of 18 mass units gave a sensitive response for the quinolones suggesting that CNL scans may be applicable to multiresidue screening for unknown quinolones. MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring of the [MH - 18]+ transition for each quinolone yielded the highest sensitivity analysis in catfish extracts (estimated instrumental detection limits 0.08-0.16 ppb). JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Doerge, D R AU - Bajic, S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1012 EP - 1016 VL - 9 IS - 11 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - 4-Quinolones KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Catfishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77657629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+quinolone+antibiotics+using+liquid+chromatography+coupled+to+atmospheric-pressure+chemical+ionization+mass+spectrometry+and+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BBajic%2C+S&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1012&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurospecific binding, internalization, and retrograde axonal transport. AN - 77633221; 8542755 JF - Current topics in microbiology and immunology AU - Halpern, J L AU - Neale, E A AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 221 EP - 241 VL - 195 SN - 0070-217X, 0070-217X KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - 0 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Central Nervous System -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Protein Binding KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- metabolism KW - Botulinum Toxins -- metabolism KW - Axonal Transport UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77633221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+topics+in+microbiology+and+immunology&rft.atitle=Neurospecific+binding%2C+internalization%2C+and+retrograde+axonal+transport.&rft.au=Halpern%2C+J+L%3BNeale%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+topics+in+microbiology+and+immunology&rft.issn=0070217X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetics of autoimmune diseases. AN - 77621656; 8534504 AB - Many lines of evidence suggest that autoimmune diseases are the result of chronic immune activation in genetically susceptible individuals following specific environmental exposures. Although the rarity and heterogeneity of autoimmune diseases and the lack of understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms have inhibited progress in the field, genes encoding histocompatibility molecules, immunoglobulins, complement components, peptide transporter proteins, T-cell receptors, sex hormones, cytokines, and metabolic enzymes important in drug and toxin elimination, have been identified as risk factors for one or more autoimmune diseases. Novel molecular genetic techniques and epidemiologic approaches that subset diseases by demographics, clinical manifestations, serology, and environmental exposures, should further elucidate the environmental and genetic risk factors for these increasingly recognized multifactorial disorders. JF - Experimental and clinical immunogenetics AU - Miller, F W AD - Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Md 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 182 EP - 190 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0254-9670, 0254-9670 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Diseases in Twins KW - Disease Susceptibility -- immunology KW - Child KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Male KW - Female KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- genetics KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- classification KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77621656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+clinical+immunogenetics&rft.atitle=Genetics+of+autoimmune+diseases.&rft.au=Miller%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+clinical+immunogenetics&rft.issn=02549670&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Miles to go before we sleep. AN - 77578129; 8535437 JF - Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine AU - Goosby, E P AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 309 EP - 315 VL - 72 IS - 1 Suppl SN - 0028-7091, 0028-7091 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Attitude to Health KW - Humans KW - Professional-Family Relations KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - HIV Seropositivity -- therapy KW - Pregnancy KW - Adult KW - Social Support KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- therapy KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- therapy KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77578129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Miles+to+go+before+we+sleep.&rft.au=Goosby%2C+E+P&rft.aulast=Goosby&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1+Suppl&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.issn=00287091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Race/ethnicity and other sociocultural influences on alcoholism treatment for women. AN - 77414936; 7624552 AB - This chapter discusses sociocultural influences on the availability, access, diagnosis, and treatment of alcoholism for women, particularly those in minority groups. Race/ethnicity and other sociocultural influences are presented in terms of the societal context and the counselor-client relationship. The latest data on heavy drinking, alcohol-induced mortality, and alcoholism treatment utilization are presented on African-American, Hispanic, and white women. Data also are presented on the ability to pay for treatment through insurance or earnings. Information on Native Americans and Asian/Pacific Islanders is included whenever possible. JF - Recent developments in alcoholism : an official publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism AU - Rouse, B A AU - Carter, J H AU - Rodriguez-Andrew, S AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 343 EP - 367 VL - 12 SN - 0738-422X, 0738-422X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Minority Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Minority Groups -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data KW - Social Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77414936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recent+developments+in+alcoholism+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+American+Medical+Society+on+Alcoholism%2C+the+Research+Society+on+Alcoholism%2C+and+the+National+Council+on+Alcoholism&rft.atitle=Race%2Fethnicity+and+other+sociocultural+influences+on+alcoholism+treatment+for+women.&rft.au=Rouse%2C+B+A%3BCarter%2C+J+H%3BRodriguez-Andrew%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Recent+developments+in+alcoholism+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+American+Medical+Society+on+Alcoholism%2C+the+Research+Society+on+Alcoholism%2C+and+the+National+Council+on+Alcoholism&rft.issn=0738422X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene in Alaska. AN - 77385467; 7611571 AB - Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation took indoor and ambient air samples during the winter of 1992-93 in Fairbanks. The samples showed a significant increase in the level of benzene in the air between December and February. The highest levels occurred in indoor air and exceeded workplace standards in garages. These findings were corroborated by NIOSH and OSHA personal monitoring studies done at the same time in Fairbanks and by blood samples taken by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from workers exposed to gasoline in December and February. The blood samples showed a 300 percent increase in the amount of benzene in worker's blood after MTBE was taken out of gasoline. The most likely cause of this air pollution is gasoline evaporation and exhaust emissions. The benzene content of Alaska gasoline is 5 percent which is the highest in the nation. In view of these findings the Environmental Protection Agency is funding a new study of indoor air organic compounds including benzene in Anchorage, Alaska. JF - Alaska medicine AU - Gordian, M E AU - Guay, G AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6650, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 25 EP - 8, 36 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0002-4538, 0002-4538 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Alaska KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Seasons KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77385467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+medicine&rft.atitle=Benzene+in+Alaska.&rft.au=Gordian%2C+M+E%3BGuay%2C+G&rft.aulast=Gordian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alaska+medicine&rft.issn=00024538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiovascular effects of tropacocaine in conscious and anesthetized rabbits: lack of evidence for neuro-cardiac interactions and acute neurotoxicity. AN - 77378773; 7603635 AB - The cardiovascular effects of tropacocaine, a structural analog of cocaine, were investigated in both conscious and anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits to determine if such effects were mediated through the CNS as had been demonstrated with cocaine, i.e., did a neuro-cardiac pathway exist? To facilitate the requisite cardiovascular measurements in both urethane- and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, the right femoral artery and vein were cannulated for the measurement of arterial blood pressure and subsequent delivery of drugs, respectively. In addition, urethane-anesthetized animals had a branch of the left renal nerve isolated and multiunit renal nerve activity was monitored to obtain measures of sympathetic nerve activity originating from the CNS. Animals utilized in conscious experiments were surgically prepared 3 days prior to drug administration by placing canulae in the femoral artery and vein that were tunneled subcutaneously to the back between the scapulae. ECG and respiratory activity were also monitored in each animal. Doses of 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg of tropacocaine were administered in both an ascending and descending fashion at 15 min intervals to 5 animals in each group, i.e., conscious, urethane-, and pentobarbital-anesthetized. In urethane-anesthetized animals a comparison was made between sympathetic renal nerve activity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate. No pressor effects were observed and the changes in renal nerve activity could not be assigned as the cause of the observed depressor effects at the higher doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Rhee, H M AU - Lee, S Y AU - Lee, S M AU - Valentine, J L AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 145 EP - 151 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Anesthetics, Local KW - 0 KW - tropacocaine KW - 1I92X32F6H KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Rabbits KW - Male KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Anesthetics, Local -- pharmacology KW - Sympathetic Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - Anesthetics, Local -- toxicity KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77378773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Cardiovascular+effects+of+tropacocaine+in+conscious+and+anesthetized+rabbits%3A+lack+of+evidence+for+neuro-cardiac+interactions+and+acute+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Rhee%2C+H+M%3BLee%2C+S+Y%3BLee%2C+S+M%3BValentine%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Rhee&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vascular reactivity in alcoholic rat aortas: in vitro interactions between catecholamines and alcohol. AN - 77376261; 7603639 AB - To understand the nature of vascular problems of hypertensive and alcoholic subjects, an in vitro interaction between catecholamine and alcohol was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The descending aortas were isolated from either the control or alcohol treated rats. The aortic strips were cooled rapidly in ice-chilled Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution and the aorta was cut into a series of rings of approximately 1 mm width. The rings were fixed under 1 g of resting tension between a force-displacement transducer and anchoring electrodes at 37 degrees C. The rings were equilibrated for an hour with frequent changes of the K-H solution before testing. There was norepinephrine (NE) dose-dependent contraction of the rings, which showed the maximum tension with 1 microM NE. Acetylcholine or carbachol produced slow relaxation. Pretreatment of the rings with 10 microM prazocin prevent the contraction induced by 1 microM NE. Even in the presence of prazocin, 60 mM KCI was able to generate the maximum tension. NE-induced contraction was analyzed in the control K-H solution or in the presence of 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0% of ethanol. Ethanol (1.5%) slowed the rate of rise of the aortic tension without a remarkable compromise of the maximum tension. But, there was a significant reduction in contraction with 3% ethanol. A complete inhibition of contraction was noted with 5% ethanol. However, the effect of ethanol was fully reversible upon washings the aortic rings with K-H solution. Aortic rings prepared from the rats that were fed with alcohol for 30 days were not able to generate the maximum tension with 1 microM NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Rhee, H M AU - Song, B J AU - Cushman, S AU - Shoaf, S E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Potassium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Muscle Relaxation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Potassium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Hypertension -- etiology KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Time Factors KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental -- physiopathology KW - Aorta -- drug effects KW - Norepinephrine -- pharmacology KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Muscle Contraction -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77376261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Vascular+reactivity+in+alcoholic+rat+aortas%3A+in+vitro+interactions+between+catecholamines+and+alcohol.&rft.au=Rhee%2C+H+M%3BSong%2C+B+J%3BCushman%2C+S%3BShoaf%2C+S+E&rft.aulast=Rhee&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cocaine in maternal and fetal guinea pigs. AN - 77372549; 7603638 AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cocaine (COC) were determined in late gestation maternal and fetal guinea pigs. After a single i.v. dose of 2-12 mg/kg, the average +/- SD total body clearance of COC was 59 +/- 16 ml/min/kg and was not dose dependent. However, volume of distribution was 2.1 and 3.9 l/kg, mean resident time (MRT) was 42 and 57 min, and elimination half-life was 34 and 49 min at the 2 and 4 mg/kg dose of COC, respectively. With the exception of an increased MRT, the pharmacokinetics were similar after s.c. COC administration. Benzoylecgonine (BE) and benzoylnorecgonine (BN) were major and persistent metabolites. Norcocaine (NOR) concentrations were low and transient. After chronic maternal administration of 6 mg/kg COC s.c., there was no difference between maternal and fetal plasma COC concentrations one hour after the last injection, but COC and BN accumulated in amniotic fluid. Examination of in vitro metabolism of COC in fetal and maternal guinea pig hepatic microsomes demonstrated minimal fetal N-demethylation and induction of maternal N-demethylation by chronic COC exposure. The minimal fetal N-demethylation suggest BN seen previously in vivo after chronic maternal COC administration resulted from maternal formation of NOR and subsequent maternal and/or fetal hydrolysis to BN. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Murphey, L J AU - Olsen, G D AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 169 EP - 177 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - benzoylecgonine KW - 5353I8I6YS KW - Sodium Fluoride KW - 8ZYQ1474W7 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Fetus -- metabolism KW - Pregnancy KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Microsomes -- metabolism KW - Sodium Fluoride -- pharmacology KW - Placenta -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Cocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cocaine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77372549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+and+metabolism+of+cocaine+in+maternal+and+fetal+guinea+pigs.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+J+A%3BMurphey%2C+L+J%3BOlsen%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance abuse and violence: cause and consequence. AN - 77358014; 7795023 AB - Substance abuse has been associated with violent behavior for many decades. While the relationship is the same today as it was in the past, the pervasiveness of the association, and the consequences, are more dramatic. There are two ways in which substance abuse is related to violence. First, violence can be and is perpetrated under the influence of substances, and second, violence related to substance abuse stems from the trade in drugs, which is all too often focused in poor and underserved communities. The elimination of the market for drugs, and thus the reduction in the demand for drugs, will bring about a reduction in substance abuse-related violence. JF - Journal of health care for the poor and underserved AU - Johnson, E M AU - Belfer, M L AD - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 113 EP - 21; discussion 121-3 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1049-2089, 1049-2089 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- psychology KW - Child Abuse -- prevention & control KW - Poverty KW - Humans KW - Medically Underserved Area KW - Adult KW - Commerce KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Domestic Violence KW - Violence -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77358014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.atitle=Substance+abuse+and+violence%3A+cause+and+consequence.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+M%3BBelfer%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.issn=10492089&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-08-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of taxol by human and rat liver in vitro: a screen for drug interactions and interspecies differences. AN - 77299692; 7767945 AB - Human liver slices, human liver microsomes, and rat liver microsomes were used to investigate the metabolism of 3H-taxol. The effects of drugs frequently coadministered with taxol and the effects of several cytochrome P450 system probes were studied. In all, 16 compounds were screened. After incubation with liver slices or with microsomal protein, 3H-taxol was converted into several radioactive species resolved by HPLC. There were qualitative and quantitative species differences in the metabolism of taxol. The pattern of metabolism was similar for both human-derived preparations, with 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol being the major metabolite peak. In drug interaction studies performed with human liver microsomes, cimetidine 80 microM, and diphenhydramine 200 microM, had little or no effect on 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol formation. Quinidine, ketoconazole, dexamethasone and Cremophor EL inhibited 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol formation with IC50 values of 36 microM, 37 microM, 16 microM and 1 microliter/ml, respectively, but these concentrations exceed the usual clinical range. Cremophor EL also inhibited microsomal metabolism of taxol, but at 2 microliters/ml it had little or no effect on 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol production by human liver slices. These results suggest that: (1) taxol is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system; (2) taxol metabolism is different in humans than in rats; (3) taxol metabolism in humans is unlikely to be altered by cimetidine, dexamethasone, or diphenhydramine, drugs regularly coadministered with taxol; (4) taxol metabolism can be indirectly affected by Cremophor EL, the formulation vehicle; (5) taxol metabolism may be altered by concentrations of ketoconazole achievable in humans only at very high doses; and (6) taxol metabolism and drug interaction studies of clinical relevance can be performed in vitro with human liver microsomes and human liver slices, but not with rat liver preparations. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Jamis-Dow, C A AU - Klecker, R W AU - Katki, A G AU - Collins, J M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 107 EP - 114 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - 0 KW - Taxoids KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - 6-hydroxytaxol KW - 153212-75-0 KW - cremophor EL KW - 6D4M1DAL6O KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Cimetidine KW - 80061L1WGD KW - Diphenhydramine KW - 8GTS82S83M KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Quinidine KW - ITX08688JL KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Ketoconazole KW - R9400W927I KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dexamethasone -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Surface-Active Agents -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Paclitaxel -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Diphenhydramine -- pharmacology KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Paclitaxel -- analogs & derivatives KW - Quinidine -- pharmacology KW - Cimetidine -- pharmacology KW - Paclitaxel -- analysis KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Species Specificity KW - Ketoconazole -- pharmacology KW - Glycerol -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77299692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+taxol+by+human+and+rat+liver+in+vitro%3A+a+screen+for+drug+interactions+and+interspecies+differences.&rft.au=Jamis-Dow%2C+C+A%3BKlecker%2C+R+W%3BKatki%2C+A+G%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Jamis-Dow&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimates of dietary exposure to aluminium. AN - 77288395; 7758626 AB - Daily intakes of aluminium were estimated for 14 age-sex groups based on the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Total Diet Study dietary exposure model. The aluminium content of the core foods of the FDA Total Diet Study were determined by analyses, recipe calculation, or literature values and coupled with information on food consumption from the 1987-88 US Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Estimates of aluminium intakes ranged from 0.7 mg/day for 6-11-month-old infants to 11.5 mg/day for 14-16-year-old males. Average intakes for adult men and women were 8-9 and 7 mg/day, respectively. The major contributors to daily intake of aluminium were foods with aluminium-containing food additives, e.g. grain products and processed cheese. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Pennington, J A AU - Schoen, S A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 119 EP - 128 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Aluminum -- adverse effects KW - Food Contamination KW - Diet Surveys KW - Aluminum -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77288395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+dietary+exposure+to+aluminium.&rft.au=Pennington%2C+J+A%3BSchoen%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of antioxidants in physiologically functional foods: safety aspects. AN - 77268590; 7748475 AB - Intense public and scientific debate exists over whether the intake of some nutrients above the recommended dietary allowances may provide benefits beyond their traditional functions. However, excessive intakes of nutrients are well documented to cause adverse effects. This review focuses on methods that may be useful for identifying chronic intakes that result in adverse effects and for identifying intakes that provide a reasonable margin of safety from these effects. Groups responsible for nutrition and health policy must establish effective criteria for establishing safety limits, for validating end points, and determination of data acceptability. These criteria are needed to minimize toxicity while maximizing potential health benefits of exaggerated nutrient intake. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Hathcock, J N AD - Office of Special Nutritionals, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708-2476, USA. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 161 EP - 166 VL - 35 IS - 1-2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Antioxidants -- standards KW - Food Analysis KW - Nutrition Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77268590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Applications+of+antioxidants+in+physiologically+functional+foods%3A+safety+aspects.&rft.au=Hathcock%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Hathcock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retinoic acid-induced stress protein synthesis in the mouse. AN - 77252393; 7739351 AB - We have previously demonstrated that stress proteins (SPs) are synthesized in tissues in which malformations are later observed following treatment with the developmental toxicant, retinoic acid (RA), on day 11 of gestation (GD 11). These proteins were not synthesized in tissues which did not present with malformations near partuition. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if this correlation between early SP synthesis and later malformation was present at other times during gestation. CD-1 strain mice were dosed orally with corn oil or 100 mg/kg body weight RA on GD 10 or 13. Some of the mice in each group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-leucine to label embryonic protein synthesis one hour after dosing with RA. These animals were sacrificed 1.5 hour later, and embryonic protein synthesis was determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. Other animals in each group were sacrificed on day 17 of gestation, and fetuses were examined for the presence of malformations. Following treatment with RA on day 10 of gestation, malformations were observed in the forelimbs, the hindlimbs and the tail; heart defects were not observed. SPs of 20-25,000 and 90,000 relative molecular mass (Mr) were synthesized in the forelimb bud and tail; in addition, a second low molecular weight (20-25,000) and a 84,000 Mr SPs were synthesized in forelimb buds. No SPs were synthesized in the hindlimb bud or the heart. Following RA treatment on GD 13, cleft palate was observed in 58% of fetuses; no other malformations were found. Proteins of 34,000, 84,000 and 90,000 Mr were synthesized in craniofacial tissue; SPs were not observed in forelimb bud, hindlimb bud, heart or tail tissues at this time. Therefore, it appears that there may be a correlation between tissue-specific SP synthesis early in organogenesis and the presence of a malformation later in gestation. JF - Life sciences AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Pipkin, J L AU - Hinson, W G AU - Anson, J F AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Young, J F AU - Hansen, D K AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1767 EP - 1778 VL - 56 IS - 21 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Gestational Age KW - Mice KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Molecular Weight KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Tretinoin -- pharmacology KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- administration & dosage KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77252393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Retinoic+acid-induced+stress+protein+synthesis+in+the+mouse.&rft.au=LaBorde%2C+J+B%3BPipkin%2C+J+L%3BHinson%2C+W+G%3BAnson%2C+J+F%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BYoung%2C+J+F%3BHansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=LaBorde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=1767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary on the nicotine is/is not addictive debate. AN - 77231258; 7724698 JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Jaffe, J H AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, SAMHSA, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 21 EP - 22 VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77231258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Commentary+on+the+nicotine+is%2Fis+not+addictive+debate.&rft.au=Jaffe%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of novobiocin residues in bovine milk: interlaboratory study. AN - 77200620; 7703728 AB - Novobiocin is used for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. In 1982, the tolerance was set at 0.1 ppm in milk from dairy animals. A laboratory trial has been completed for a liquid chromatographic procedure that can quantitate novobiocin residues in bovine milk at tolerance level. In this procedure the milk is diluted with buffer, the proteins are precipitated with methanol, and the solution is filtered. Novobiocin is determined after separation of milk components using reversed-phase chromatography with UV detection at 340 nm. The participating laboratories analyzed 2 concentrations of biologically incurred residues as well as control milk and control milk fortified at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ppm. Recoveries of novobiocin reported by the participating laboratories were 89 to 99% at 0.05 ppm; 93 to 101% at 0.1 ppm; and 89 to 100% at 0.2 ppm. Coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 2.0 to 6.2%. The average concentrations for the low levels of incurred novobiocin in milk samples were 0.073, 0.072, and 0.081 ppm, with intralaboratory CVs of 3.3, 7.2, and 2.4%, respectively. The samples with high levels of incurred novobiocin averaged 0.139, 0.121, and 0.144 ppm, with CVs of 6.2, 0.7, and 4.7%, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Reeves, V B AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Research Center-East, Beltsville, MD 20705. PY - 1995 SP - 55 EP - 58 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Novobiocin KW - 17EC19951N KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Novobiocin -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77200620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+procedure+for+the+determination+of+novobiocin+residues+in+bovine+milk%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Reeves%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of the anticoccidial drug halofuginone hydrobromide in eggs. AN - 77193715; 7703725 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of 5-100 ppb halofuginone hydrobromide (HFG) in eggs. HFG as the free base is extracted from eggs with ethyl acetate. The extract is cleaned up on an acidic Celite 545 column. A Waters C18 column is used for LC separation with UV determination at 243 nm. The isocratic mobile phase is a mixture of water-acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer (12 + 5 + 3) and acetic acid. The interassay average recovery from eggs was 90.4%, with a standard deviation of 5.11 and a relative standard deviation of 5.65%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Holland, D C AU - Munns, R K AU - Roybal, J E AU - Hurlbut, J A AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087. PY - 1995 SP - 37 EP - 40 VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Coccidiostats KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Piperidines KW - Quinazolines KW - Quinazolinones KW - halofuginone KW - L31MM1385E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Coccidiostats -- analysis KW - Quinazolines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77193715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+the+anticoccidial+drug+halofuginone+hydrobromide+in+eggs.&rft.au=Holland%2C+D+C%3BMunns%2C+R+K%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BHurlbut%2C+J+A%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related fatalities in the agricultural production and services sectors, 1980-1989. AN - 77191220; 7900735 AB - A total of 6,727 workers died of work-related injuries in the agricultural production and agricultural services sectors between 1980 and 1989, as established by data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. The agricultural production sector accounted for the higher fatality rate (22.9 deaths per 100,000 workers), due largely to deaths caused by machinery and motor vehicles. The leading cause of death in the agricultural services sector was being struck by falling objects, primarily trees. Fatality rates were highest in the East South Central United States and lowest in the New England states. Blacks had the highest fatality rate (26.4 deaths per 100,000 workers) while workers other than white or black had the lowest rate (18.9 per 100,000 workers). Males were at higher risk of death than females, with the 65 years of age and older male group having the highest rate (60.5 deaths per 100,000 workers). Males 16-24 years of age exhibited the largest decrease in their average annual fatality rate during the 10-year period, down to 7.2 from 20.6 deaths per 100,000 workers. Possible reasons for this decrease are suggested. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Myers, J R AU - Hard, D L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 51 EP - 63 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Population Surveillance KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77191220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Work-related+fatalities+in+the+agricultural+production+and+services+sectors%2C+1980-1989.&rft.au=Myers%2C+J+R%3BHard%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic DNA sequencing of mRNA splicing mutants in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AN - 77190638; 7698111 AB - We have analyzed 41 mRNA-splicing mutants from the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (hprt) gene of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Twenty-two of these mutants produced single cDNA PCR products with a partial or complete exon deletion; 19 mutants produced multiple cDNA PCR products, and most of these products contained one or more deleted exons. The affected exons and surrounding introns were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced in order to identify mutations causing aberrant splicing. We found acceptor site mutations in 10 mutants, exonic mutations in 8 mutants, and no mutations in 5 mutants. Four mutants from solvent controls did not amplify the appropriate exons and were considered genomic deletion mutants. Our previous work [Manjanatha MG et al. (1994): Mutat Res 308;65-75] showed that nonsense mutants in the hprt gene of CHO cells are associated with multiple cDNA PCR products containing deleted exons and a low abundance of hprt mRNA if the mutation is found in an internal exon. The present results are consistent with these associations being facilitated by instability of mRNA after ribosome termination at nonsense codons. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Valentine, C R AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 85 EP - 96 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - hprt KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Cricetulus KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Point Mutation KW - Consensus Sequence KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Cricetinae KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Exons KW - RNA Splicing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77190638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genomic+DNA+sequencing+of+mRNA+splicing+mutants+in+the+hprt+gene+of+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells.&rft.au=Valentine%2C+C+R%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hprt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple chemical sensitivities--syndrome and solution. AN - 77188744; 7897764 AB - After describing two patients seen by the author, we define multiple chemical sensitivities and discuss the scope of the problem and the epidemiology. Although the incidence of multiple chemical sensitivities is not known, the demographics are similar to that of agoraphobia. The classical conditioning model is proposed as a useful description of multiple chemical sensitivities. The desensitization approach to the diagnosis and treatment is proposed. Results with three patients were encouraging and the approach seems worthy of further evaluation and refinement. JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - Spyker, D A AD - Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurologic Devices, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 95 EP - 99 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Multiple Chemical Sensitivity -- epidemiology KW - Multiple Chemical Sensitivity -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77188744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Multiple+chemical+sensitivities--syndrome+and+solution.&rft.au=Spyker%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Spyker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.issn=07313810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term reproductive tract alterations in female mice treated neonatally with coumestrol. AN - 77184504; 7892300 AB - The neonatal mouse has proven to be an excellent model to ascertain the deleterious effects of estrogenic compounds on the developing reproductive tract. This system has been used to determine the morphological consequences after neonatal exposure to coumestrol (a plant estrogen). The role of estrogens in carcinogenesis (as a cocarcinogen or a tumor promotor) is unresolved at this time. Many studies suggest that estrogens are capable of functioning in this manner and recent evidence in cellular and molecular oncology revealed that estrogens act by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in cancer cells. This review discusses the long-term morphological alterations in the reproductive tract of mice exposed neonatally to coumestrol. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Burroughs, C D AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 78 EP - 81 VL - 208 IS - 1 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Coumestrol KW - V7NW98OB34 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Genitalia, Female -- drug effects KW - Coumestrol -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77184504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bolweg%2C+Joep+F&rft.aulast=Bolweg&rft.aufirst=Joep&rft.date=1976-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Job+design+and+industrial+democracy%3A+the+case+of+Norway&rft.title=Job+design+and+industrial+democracy%3A+the+case+of+Norway&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical studies of phytoestrogens and related compounds in dietary supplements: flax and chaparral. AN - 77183127; 7892296 AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and mass spectrometric (MS) procedures were developed to determine lignans in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and chaparral (Larrea tridentata). Flaxseed contains high levels of phytoestrogens. Chaparral has been associated with acute nonviral toxic hepatitis and contains lignans that are structurally similar to known estrogenic compounds. Both flaxseed and chaparral products have been marketed as dietary supplements. A mild enzyme hydrolysis procedure to prevent the formation of artifacts in the isolation step was used in the determination of secoisolariciresinol in flaxseed products. HPLC with ultraviolet spectral (UV) or MS detection was used as the determinative steps. HPLC procedures with UV detection and mass spectrometry were developed to characterize the phenolic components, including lignans and flavonoids, of chaparral and to direct fractionation studies for the bioassays. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Obermeyer, W R AU - Musser, S M AU - Betz, J M AU - Casey, R E AU - Pohland, A E AU - Page, S W AD - Division of Natural Products, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, District of Columbia 20204. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 6 EP - 12 VL - 208 IS - 1 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Butylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Isoflavones KW - Lignans KW - Phytoestrogens KW - Plant Preparations KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - secoisolariciresinol KW - M8QRJ7JEJH KW - Index Medicus KW - Butylene Glycols -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Lignin -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Lignans -- analysis KW - Plants -- chemistry KW - Food, Fortified -- analysis KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77183127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Chemical+studies+of+phytoestrogens+and+related+compounds+in+dietary+supplements%3A+flax+and+chaparral.&rft.au=Obermeyer%2C+W+R%3BMusser%2C+S+M%3BBetz%2C+J+M%3BCasey%2C+R+E%3BPohland%2C+A+E%3BPage%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Obermeyer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylation profile and amplification of proto-oncogenes in rat pancreas induced with phytoestrogens. AN - 77181559; 7534422 AB - Specific gene hypermethylation has been shown in DNA from neonatal rats exposed to the phytoestrogens, coumestrol, and equol. The pancreas is an organ in which estrogen receptors have been shown to be present. Studies have correlated the development of acute pancreatitis with rising levels of human estrogen binding proteins. Neonatal rats were dosed with 10 or 100 micrograms of coumestrol or equol on postnatal day (PND) 1-10. The animals were sacrificed at Day 15. The pancreas was excised and pancreatic acinar cells isolated for molecular analysis. DNA was isolated from the cells by lysis in TEN-9 buffer supplemented with proteinase K and 0.1% SDS. High molecular weight (HMW) DNA was digested with the methylated DNA specific restriction enzymes, Hpa II and Msp I, for determination of methylation profiles. Both coumestrol and equol at high doses caused hypermethylation of the c-H-ras proto-oncogene. No hypermethylation or hypomethylation was observed in the proto-oncogenes, c-myc or c-fos. Methylation is thought to be an epigenetic mechanism involved in the activation (hypomethylation) or inactivation (hypermethylation) of cellular genes which are known to play a role in carcinogenesis. Epidemiology studies have shown that equol may have anti-carcinogenic effects on some hormone-dependent cancers. Additional studies are needed to further understand the role of phytoestrogens and methylation in relation to pancreatic disorders. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AU - Blann, E AU - Payne, P W AU - Bo, J AU - Sheehan, D AU - Medlock, K AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 116 EP - 119 VL - 208 IS - 1 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - 4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone KW - 0 KW - Chromans KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Isoflavones KW - Phytoestrogens KW - Plant Preparations KW - Equol KW - 531-95-3 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyribonuclease HpaII KW - EC 3.1.21.- KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific KW - EC 3.1.21.4 KW - Coumestrol KW - V7NW98OB34 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Coumestrol -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Chromans -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Methylation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pancreas -- cytology KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Gene Amplification -- drug effects KW - Pancreas -- drug effects KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology KW - Pancreas -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77181559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Methylation+profile+and+amplification+of+proto-oncogenes+in+rat+pancreas+induced+with+phytoestrogens.&rft.au=Lyn-Cook%2C+B+D%3BBlann%2C+E%3BPayne%2C+P+W%3BBo%2C+J%3BSheehan%2C+D%3BMedlock%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lyn-Cook&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimony-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in cultured cardiac myocytes. AN - 77133455; 7839369 AB - Cardiac myocytes were exposed to concentrations of potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) ranging from 1 to 1000 microM for 1 to 24 hr. Toxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and by monitoring chronotropic depression. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the release of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). PAT produced a concentration- and time-dependent depression in chronotropy and an increase in the release of LDH and TBARS. A 4-hr exposure to 100 microM PAT stopped beating and induced significant increases in TBARS and LDH release in the myocyte cultures. The lipid peroxidation and LDH release induced by 100-200 microM PAT at 4 hr could be prevented by pretreatment of the cardiac myocytes with vitamin E or by the simultaneous addition of other antioxidants. Vitamin E continued to protect against lipid peroxidation up to 18 hr after the addition of 100 microM PAT, but failed to provide significant protection against LDH release at this time-point. Both 50 and 100 microM PAT decreased cardiac myocyte glutathione (GSH) levels after a 4-hr exposure. A series of thiol-containing compounds was evaluated for their effects on PAT toxicity. The addition of dithiothreitol, GSH, and 2-mercaptoethanol afforded some degree of protection against lipid peroxidation and LDH release up to 18 hr after the addition of 100 microM PAT. These results suggest that PAT induces lipid peroxidation in cultured cardiac myocytes but that other mechanisms may contribute to cell death with long-term exposures to PAT. Our results also suggest that PAT interacts with thiol-containing compounds. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Tirmenstein, M A AU - Plews, P I AU - Walker, C V AU - Woolery, M D AU - Wey, H E AU - Toraason, M A AD - Cellular Toxicology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 41 EP - 47 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances KW - Mercaptoethanol KW - 60-24-2 KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate KW - DL6OZ476V3 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Dithiothreitol KW - T8ID5YZU6Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Reference Standards KW - Myocardium -- enzymology KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Mercaptoethanol -- pharmacology KW - Glutathione -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Myocardium -- cytology KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dithiothreitol -- pharmacology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate -- toxicity KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate -- administration & dosage KW - Heart -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77133455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Antimony-induced+oxidative+stress+and+toxicity+in+cultured+cardiac+myocytes.&rft.au=Tirmenstein%2C+M+A%3BPlews%2C+P+I%3BWalker%2C+C+V%3BWoolery%2C+M+D%3BWey%2C+H+E%3BToraason%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Tirmenstein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat stress alters the virulence of a rifampin-resistant mutant of Francisella tularensis LVS. AN - 77123502; 7806352 AB - We have studied the stress response of a rifampin-resistant mutant of Francisella tularensis LVS. This mutant, Rif 7, was avirulent with an intraperitoneally administered 50% lethal dose greater than 10(7) CFU in a murine model of infection. Exposure of Rif 7 to heat stress for 5 h in vitro resulted in a 2-log decrease in its 50% lethal dose (P < 0.02). The increase in virulence was dependent on the time of exposure to high temperature and was maximal at 5 h. Envelope preparations from heat-stressed cells showed increased levels of several proteins. Notable among these were polypeptides with approximate molecular masses of 16, 60, and 75 kDa. Increases in both virulence and envelope protein levels were reversed when heat-treated cells were subsequently grown at 37 degrees C. Inhibition of protein synthesis by actinomycin D during heat stress blocked the increase in virulence of Rif 7. Cell-free media from the heat-stressed Rif 7 reacted with the whole spectrum of bacterial proteins were not toxic to mice. Hyperimmune serum against Rif 7 reacted with the whole spectrum of bacterial proteins in Western blots (immunoblots), although its reaction with 34- and 45-kDa proteins and two 60- and 75-kDa proteins upregulated during heat stress was weak. Other stress conditions, low iron and low pH, caused similar increases in the virulence of Rif 7. However, examination of the protein profile did not reveal any major common polypeptides induced by different stresses. Heat-treated Rif 7 bacteria were fully able to replicate in macrophages in vitro and in the host tissues, even though heat treatment only partially restored virulence. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Bhatnagar, N B AU - Elkins, K L AU - Fortier, A H AD - Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 154 EP - 159 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Rifampin KW - VJT6J7R4TR KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- microbiology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial -- genetics KW - Spleen -- microbiology KW - Mice KW - Mutation KW - Liver -- microbiology KW - Stress, Physiological KW - Francisella tularensis -- genetics KW - Rifampin -- pharmacology KW - Francisella tularensis -- pathogenicity KW - Francisella tularensis -- drug effects KW - Francisella tularensis -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77123502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Heat+stress+alters+the+virulence+of+a+rifampin-resistant+mutant+of+Francisella+tularensis+LVS.&rft.au=Bhatnagar%2C+N+B%3BElkins%2C+K+L%3BFortier%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Bhatnagar&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1993 Jun;175(12):3744-8 [8509329] Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):916-22 [2537530] J Immunol. 1961 Oct;87:415-25 [13889609] Infect Immun. 1981 Jul;33(1):59-66 [6790443] Infect Immun. 1989 May;57(5):1384-90 [2565289] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):5054-8 [2544889] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11(3):440-51 [2665002] Microb Pathog. 1989 Jul;7(1):1-10 [2682128] Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):730-2 [1970672] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9898-902 [2124707] Infect Immun. 1991 Apr;59(4):1417-22 [2004820] Mol Microbiol. 1991 Feb;5(2):401-7 [1645840] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1991;167:125-43 [2055094] Infect Immun. 1991 Sep;59(9):2922-8 [1879918] J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(1):1-7 [1729202] Infect Immun. 1992 Mar;60(3):817-25 [1541555] Infect Immun. 1993 Feb;61(2):705-13 [8380798] Infect Immun. 1993 Apr;61(4):1320-9 [8454334] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Appl Microbiol. 1965 Mar;13:232-5 [14325885] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(14):5189-93 [3523484] J Exp Med. 1987 Nov 1;166(5):1310-28 [3681188] J Infect Dis. 1994 Oct;170(4):841-7 [7930725] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV-1 infection alters monocyte interactions with human microvascular endothelial cells. AN - 77086319; 7527819 AB - HIV infection of monocytes resulted in twofold elevation of adhesion molecule LFA-1 (both alpha L/CD11a and beta 2/CD18 subunits) and LFA-3 (CD58), with no apparent increase in LFA-2 (CD2) or various beta 1-integrins. Homotypic aggregation of monocytes was evident 2 h after exposure to virus and was inhibited by mAbs to both the alpha L- and beta 2-subunits of LFA-1. HIV-infected monocytes also showed a marked increase in adherence to human capillary endothelial cell monolayers derived from brain, lung, and skin. This adherence was inhibited by mAb to either LFA-1 subunit and by mAb to the counter-receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Cocultivation of HIV-infected monocytes with endothelial cells increased permeability of endothelial cell monolayers to 125I albumin in transwell assay systems. The increased endothelial permeability induced by HIV-infected monocytes was associated with a substantial disruption of the endothelial cell monolayer. Morphologic disruption was not a direct toxic effect on endothelial cells, but appeared to be secondary to changes in endothelial cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions. Northern blot analysis showed increased expression of gelatinase B (92-kDa gelatinase), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the HIV-infected monocytes. Consistent with these Northern analyses, secretion of gelatinase activity in culture fluids of HIV-infected monocytes was also increased and was dependent on the stage of virus replication. Incubation of HIV-infected monocytes with the proteinase inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 inhibited the increased permeability of endothelial cell monolayers to 125I albumin. These results suggest possible mechanisms for extravasation of HIV-infected monocytes through vascular endothelium into tissue in early stages of HIV disease. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Dhawan, S AU - Weeks, B S AU - Soderland, C AU - Schnaper, H W AU - Toro, L A AU - Asthana, S P AU - Hewlett, I K AU - Stetler-Stevenson, W G AU - Yamada, S S AU - Yamada, K M AD - Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 422 EP - 432 VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD18 KW - Antigens, CD58 KW - Glycoproteins KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Proteins KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases KW - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 KW - 127497-59-0 KW - Gelatinases KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Antigens, CD -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Movement KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- genetics KW - Gelatinases -- genetics KW - Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Antigens, CD -- genetics KW - Capillary Permeability KW - Organ Specificity KW - Glycoproteins -- genetics KW - Gelatinases -- biosynthesis KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - Capillaries KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Antigens, CD18 -- genetics KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics KW - Antigens, CD18 -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Adhesion KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Monocytes -- pathology KW - Monocytes -- virology KW - HIV-1 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77086319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=HIV-1+infection+alters+monocyte+interactions+with+human+microvascular+endothelial+cells.&rft.au=Dhawan%2C+S%3BWeeks%2C+B+S%3BSoderland%2C+C%3BSchnaper%2C+H+W%3BToro%2C+L+A%3BAsthana%2C+S+P%3BHewlett%2C+I+K%3BStetler-Stevenson%2C+W+G%3BYamada%2C+S+S%3BYamada%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Dhawan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. II. Mirex and Chlordecone: Health Effects, Toxicokinetics, Human Exposure, and Environmental Fate AN - 760214941; 13641635 AB - This document provides public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of mirex and chlordecone. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. Additional substances will be profiled in a series of manuscripts to follow. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Faroon, Obaid AU - Kueberuwa, Steven AU - Smith, Lester AU - Derosa, Christopher AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 195 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - 2. Key Words: chlordecone KW - health effects KW - mirex. KW - Chemicals KW - Data processing KW - Environmental impact KW - Chlordecone KW - Toxicity KW - Mirex KW - Toxicity testing KW - Toxicology KW - Public health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Atsdr+Evaluation+of+Health+Effects+of+Chemicals.+II.+Mirex+and+Chlordecone%3A+Health+Effects%2C+Toxicokinetics%2C+Human+Exposure%2C+and+Environmental+Fate&rft.au=Faroon%2C+Obaid%3BKueberuwa%2C+Steven%3BSmith%2C+Lester%3BDerosa%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Faroon&rft.aufirst=Obaid&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379501100601 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 603 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Chlordecone; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; Public health; Chemicals; Environmental impact; Mirex; Toxicology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379501100601 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Secondary School Students: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62745890; ED383985 AB - This resource guide contains a list of materials on drug and alcohol prevention for secondary school students. The information is divided into three sections: (1) prevention materials, including information on inhalants, AIDS, sports and drugs, and sex and alcohol; (2) studies, articles, and reports on secondary school students, including adolescent steroid use, school crime, and drug use among Black, White, Native American, and Asian American high school seniors; and (3) a list of groups, organizations, and programs that concern secondary school students and drug and alcohol related areas. (JE) Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 32 KW - Youth Indicators KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Health Materials KW - Resource Materials KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - Secondary School Students KW - Youth Problems KW - Secondary Education KW - Drug Abuse KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Health Materials KW - Resource Materials KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - Secondary School Students KW - Youth Problems KW - Secondary Education KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62745890?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see CG 026 278. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teen Drinking Prevention Program. Event Action Guide. AN - 62655102; ED397360 AB - Underage drinking presents a serious health risk not only to young people themselves but to entire communities. This program guide is designed to help communities establish their own underage drinking prevention programs. Community norms, actions, and attitudes toward alcohol affect young people, as do the ways in which alcohol is promoted. Solutions to illegal drinking are dependent on the entire community working together to create healthy environments in which young people can make the right choices. This guide will help community organizers develop special events which encourage healthy lifestyle choices. Some of the issues addressed here include the delivery of messages at special events, implementing a teen drinking prevention program event, developing an effective partnership with event organizers, selecting event activities, creating a mini-event, making materials for the program, and ensuring a safer event for young people. Also described are programs in four cities which promoted teenage abstinence from alcohol. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 18 KW - Youth Participation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Community Action KW - Public Service KW - Youth Programs KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Public Education KW - Program Development KW - Activities KW - Social Responsibility KW - Public Opinion KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62655102?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the "Teen Drinking Preventi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Making Prevention Work. AN - 62652478; ED397381 AB - This booklet provides data and information to show that substance abuse prevention is working and encourages all sectors of society to become involved. Twenty percent of the document features background information about what's working to prevent substance abuse, lists of risk and protective factors, data that show the relationship between substance abuse and society's problems, and organizational and bibliographic resources. Eighty percent of the document consists of a chart book of camera-ready facts, figures, charts, and graphs that can serve as a quantitative primer to prevention. The fact sheets summarize data that establish alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs as significant cofactors in other major public concerns. The sheets were designed to raise awareness and help generate support for prevention programs and policies among legislators, business leaders, media, educators, health care providers, and others in the community. The information is designed to accommodate the needs of diverse groups of organizations, individuals, and levels of government. Among the materials designed to enlist the help of the media are samples of a press announcement; an opinion editorial; a letter to the editor, along with a sample cover letter; a public service announcement; and newspaper ads. A fold-out chart gives a point-by-point strategy for reaching the media, and offers advice on how to place public service ads and announcements. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 180 VL - SMA-95-120 KW - Public Awareness KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Policymakers KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Information Dissemination KW - Tobacco KW - Drug Education KW - Narcotics KW - Health Education KW - Public Support KW - Publicity KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62652478?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Hispanic/Latino Natural Support Systems. CSAP Implementation Guide. AN - 62651957; ED397182 AB - This guide is intended to share knowledge about the Hispanic/Latino community with Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) grant recipients and to help them develop effective prevention services responsive to the communities they serve. The guide: (1) highlights specific characteristics of the Hispanic and Latino communities that affect prevention strategies; (2) defines natural support systems and describes how their integration with conventional prevention practice can improve the prevention program; and (3) helps grantees identify, assess, and access natural resources in the communities. Because of distinct cultural values and orientations, the Hispanic/Latino community benefits most from culturally sensitive prevention programs that incorporate both formal and informal sources of support. An inclusive and integrated approach capitalizes on the strengths of the community it serves. The most effective alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use prevention programs must be planned, organized, and implemented in full partnership with the community. A bibliography of 14 publications and a list of 11 organizational resources are included, along with a list of 28 CSAP grant recipients by state. (Contains three exhibits, two sample maps, and five references.) (SLD) AU - Acosta, Annie AU - Hamel, Vicki Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 46 KW - Latinos KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Community KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Community Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Grants KW - Community Resources KW - Program Development KW - Social Support Groups KW - Cultural Relevance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62651957?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teen Drinking Prevention Program: Teen Action Guide. AN - 62647759; ED397354 AB - This guide was designed to help teenagers become involved in fun, alcohol-free activities. It provides youth with ideas on how to influence and change the factors that encourage teenage drinking. The guide has four purposes: (1) raise public awareness of the underage drinking crisis; (2) change community norms that encourage underage drinking; (3) create community-specific prevention messages and materials; and (4) ensure that special events in a community encourage healthy lifestyle choices. These purposes are addressed in seven sections in the guide. First, an overview of the problem describes alcohol's effects and the problems it causes. The next section shows how teenagers can learn more about the problem and how they can mobilize other youth in combatting alcohol abuse. Some of the strategies outlined here include raising public awareness through the news media and youth enforcement strategies such as vendor education, keg identification, and alcohol-free zones. Other prevention activities that are recommended are alcohol-free social gatherings, poster contests, interacting with peer advisors, and having a speaker's bureau. Contains a listing of resource organizations. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 31 KW - Youth Participation KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Community Action KW - Public Service KW - Youth Programs KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Public Education KW - Program Development KW - Activities KW - Social Responsibility KW - Public Opinion KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62647759?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teen Drinking Prevention Program. Law Enforcement Action Guide. AN - 62645982; ED397358 AB - Law enforcement officials know the devastation that drinking can cause among the immature and the inexperienced. This guide is intended to be used by law enforcement agencies in cooperation with other segments of the community. It provides an overview of the problem of youth access to alcohol, a discussion of the legal and policy issues relating to enforcement of alcohol access laws, and a description of some enforcement strategies and tools. The material contained here should demonstrate to community leaders that the presence and activism of police officers and other enforcement officials are important parts of any effort to prevent underage drinking. The information is presented in three sections: alcohol in the community, minimum purchase age, and drinking and driving enforcement. Included are discussions of legal and policy structures, enforcement techniques, enforcement aimed to prevent youth access, barriers to drinking and driving enforcement, assessing youth DWI (driving while intoxicated) enforcement, DWI management strategies, and policy tips on how to handle large concentrations of youth, typified by some parties, who are impaired. Some examples of successful enforcement programs and strategies, which have been used in communities across the United States conclude the guide. Contains a 10-item annotated list of resources. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 25 KW - Law Enforcement Agencies KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Law Enforcement KW - Community Programs KW - Community Action KW - Youth Programs KW - Secondary Education KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Delinquency Prevention KW - Police Action KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62645982?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the "Teen Drinking Preventi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teen Drinking Prevention Program. Community Action Guide. AN - 62644692; ED397361 AB - Preventing the use of alcohol and other drugs by young people is a critical issue for all Americans. This action guide is designed to help communities create programs that prevent the tragedies caused by underage drinking. It is intended as a tool that communities can use to create a broad-based public education program in which they can communicate to residents the seriousness of the teen drinking problem and motivate them to become part of the solution. It is hoped that participating communities will be able to increase the number of youths who understand the physical and psychological risks of alcohol. The guide provides an overview of the teen drinking problem and then explains how a community can begin to initiate changes in their neighborhoods. Outlined are ways to conduct a community risk assessment, strategies for actions, and how to alter community norms. Since raising public awareness is a large component of the program, the guide offers advice on how to involve the news media and how to target messages and audiences. Suggestions on special events and on developing an evaluation plan are also presented. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 25 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Community Action KW - Public Service KW - Youth Programs KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Public Education KW - Program Development KW - Activities KW - Social Responsibility KW - Public Opinion KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62644692?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the "Teen Drinking Preventi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teen Drinking Prevention Program. Community Risk Assessment Guide. AN - 62643168; ED397362 AB - Although the facts about underage drinking are widely known, the issues that surround this problem vary from one community to the next. Such issues include where and how underage drinking shows itself, how it is viewed by the community, and what residents think is a reasonable way to address underage drinking in their community. This guide is designed to help community members gather accurate information that will reflect the parameters of the teen drinking problem in their community. The guide offers help on defining program goals, how to include important sectors of fellow residents in planning and activities, and how to acquire needed support. This kind of risk assessment will allow a community to determine what programs, methods, or activities may best meet the needs of the community, rather than relying on actions advanced by a few vocal groups. Information is given on how to create a community risk assessment opinionnaire, such as selecting the target population, sampling, and getting a good response. Likewise, the guide explains how to perform a community audit, providing details on how to collect data, process the information, and prepare a report. A model opinionnaire and audit are appended. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 41 KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Reduction KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Community Action KW - Public Service KW - Youth Programs KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Program Development KW - Social Responsibility KW - Public Opinion KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62643168?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the "Teen Drinking Preventi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Teen Drinking Prevention Program. Communicator's Guide. AN - 62643080; ED397359 AB - Underage drinking is a serious national problem--alcohol-related injuries are a leading cause of death and injury among young people in the United States today. This guide is designed to help individuals who wish to be involved in a national effort to prevent underage drinking. It includes materials and messages that can be reproduced, as well as other information that can be tailored for a specific community or audience. The guide will help in creating a broad-based public education program to communicate to neighbors the seriousness of the teen drinking problem and to motivate community members to become a part of the solution. Some of the topics addressed here include ways to create a teen drinking prevention program in one's community, including sample letters to elected officials and establishments that sell alcohol. Also detailed are the role of the spokesperson and strategies for gaining access to the news media, such as effective ways to communicate with reporters and editors, techniques for targeting messages and audiences, some sample press releases, some sample opinion editorials, and examples of public service announcements for radio. (RJM) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 41 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Community Action KW - Public Service KW - Youth Programs KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Public Education KW - Program Development KW - Activities KW - Social Responsibility KW - Public Opinion KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62643080?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the "Teen Drinking Preventi N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Recruitment and Retention of Substance-Using Pregnant and Parenting Women: Lessons Learned. AN - 62549346; ED399492 AB - According to current estimates, approximately 5.5 percent of all American pregnant women use an illicit drug during pregnancy. National concern for drug-exposed infants prompted interest in the needs of substance using pregnant women and in the development of drug treatment programs for them. A total of 147 comprehensive programs have been funded under the "Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Their Infants" (PPWI) initiative, the largest federal program targeting pregnant substance-using women and their infants. A 2-day focus group was held with representatives from 10 of these recently completed projects to share lessons learned about how best to recruit and retain this population. Before successful recruitment can take place, program staff must have a thorough understanding of participants' needs and lifestyles. Cultural sensitivity to ethnic backgrounds of clients is critical to making substance abuse programs inviting. Women who are addicted to substances live in a social environment where there is little long-term planning. Therefore, programs must reduce waiting time from initial contact to program entry. Recommendations are made relating to child care, transportation, staff training . Contains 58 references. Appended are a list of focus group participants and descriptions of 10 programs. (JBJ) AU - Laken, Marilyn Poland AU - Hutchins, Ellen Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 75 PB - National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536 (single copies free). SN - 1572850337 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Recruitment KW - Prenatal Care KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Pregnancy KW - Focus Groups KW - Rehabilitation Counseling KW - Rehabilitation Programs KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Prenatal Influences KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62549346?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Healthy people 2000: a midcourse review and 1995 revisions AN - 59724670; 1996-0211940 AB - Describes progress in health promotion and disease prevention, by priority health area; reviews state, private, and voluntary activities. Includes list of objectives with 1995 revisions. JF - Room 1064, 6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville, MD 20782, 1995. 290 pp. Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 SP - 290 PB - Room 1064, 6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville, MD 20782 KW - Public health -- United States KW - Public health education -- United States KW - Medicine, Preventive -- United States KW - United States -- Health policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59724670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Healthy+people+2000%3A+a+midcourse+review+and+1995+revisions&rft.title=Healthy+people+2000%3A+a+midcourse+review+and+1995+revisions&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Room 1064, 6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville, MD 20782 pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Regional differences in Indian health, 1994 AN - 59700617; 1996-0104980 AB - Data on Indian Health Service programs and the health status of American Indians and Alaskan natives, 1989-91. Focus on infant, maternal, and general mortality statistics. JF - Rockville, MD 20857, 1995. v+90 pp. Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 EP - v+90 PB - Rockville, MD 20857 KW - Alaska -- Native races -- Health KW - Indians -- Health -- Statistics KW - Indians -- Mortality -- Statistics KW - United States -- health policy KW - United States -- Indian health service UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59700617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=v%2B90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Regional+differences+in+Indian+health%2C+1994&rft.title=Regional+differences+in+Indian+health%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Rockville, MD 20857 pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National household survey on drug abuse: main findings, 1992 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 94-3012 AN - 59685425; 1995-0509320 AB - Prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco for persons aged 12 and over; US. Demographic correlates; frequency and patterns of drug use since 1972. JF - Superintendent of Documents, January 1995. 167+ pp. Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 EP - 167+ PB - Superintendent of Documents KW - Drug abuse -- United States -- Statistics KW - Smoking -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Population -- United States KW - Drinking behavior -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59685425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1992&rft.title=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1992&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Still picture interchange AN - 57363325; 43235 AB - Contribution to a special issue devoted to papers from the 1995 `Electronic imaging and visual arts' conference held at the National Gallery, London, 24-28 Jul 95. Discusses coding and standards with particular reference to image compression, to ease the still picture interchange process. Outlines: cutting an image into pixels, building back the transmitted image, the role of the file header, and development of still picture standards by the Joint Photographic Experts Group and the Moving Picture Experts Group. JF - Information Services and Use AU - Barda, J Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 SP - 365 EP - 371 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0167-5265, 0167-5265 KW - Data exchange KW - Image databases KW - Photographs KW - Standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57363325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Services+and+Use&rft.atitle=Still+picture+interchange&rft.au=Barda%2C+J&rft.aulast=Barda&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Services+and+Use&rft.issn=01675265&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2002-03-25 N1 - Document feature - il. tables. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Image databases; Photographs; Data exchange; Standards ER - TY - CHAP T1 - P. S. Solov'eva-poėtessa-romantik na rubezhe XIX-XX vv T2 - Russkie pisatel'nitsy i literaturnyĭ protsess: V kontse XVIII-pervoĭ treti XX vv AN - 53806754; 2005831450 AU - Stendal' de Barda, Dzhovanna A2 - Faĭshteĭn, M. Sh. PY - 1995 SP - 143 EP - 153 PB - Göpfert KW - Russian literature KW - 1900-1999 KW - Solov'eva, Poliksena Sergeevna (1867-1924) KW - poetry KW - Romanticism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/53806754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/MLA+International+Bibliography&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=P.+S.+Solov%27eva-po%C4%97tessa-romantik+na+rubezhe+XIX-XX+vv&rft.au=Stendal%27+de+Barda%2C+Dzhovanna&rft.aulast=Stendal%27+de+Barda&rft.aufirst=Dzhovanna&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Russkie+pisatel%27nitsy+i+literaturny%C4%AD+protsess%3A+V+kontse+XVIII-pervo%C4%AD+treti+XX+vv&rft.title=Russkie+pisatel%27nitsy+i+literaturny%C4%AD+protsess%3A+V+kontse+XVIII-pervo%C4%AD+treti+XX+vv&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Russian DB - MLA International Bibliography N1 - Update - 200501 N1 - SuppNotes - Sbornik nauchnykh stateĭ N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil AN - 52745727; 1997-022841 JF - Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals AU - Bossert, Ingeborg D AU - Compeau, Geoffrey C A2 - Young, Lily Y. A2 - Cerniglia, Carl E. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 PB - John Wiley and Sons, New York KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - detection KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - petroleum KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52745727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bossert%2C+Ingeborg+D%3BCompeau%2C+Geoffrey+C&rft.aulast=Bossert&rft.aufirst=Ingeborg&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Cleanup+of+petroleum+hydrocarbon+contamination+in+soil&rft.title=Cleanup+of+petroleum+hydrocarbon+contamination+in+soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 172 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals AN - 52745688; 1997-022840 JF - Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals A2 - Young, Lily Y. A2 - Cerniglia, Carl E. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 654 PB - John Wiley and Sons, New York KW - organic materials KW - toxic materials KW - organic compounds KW - degradation KW - pollution KW - mechanism KW - waste disposal KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52745688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Microbial+transformation+and+degradation+of+toxic+organic+chemicals&rft.title=Microbial+transformation+and+degradation+of+toxic+organic+chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. tables N1 - SuppNotes - Individual chapters within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - In situ processes for bioremediation of BTEX and petroleum fuel products AN - 52741844; 1997-022843 JF - Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals AU - Bowlen, Gene F AU - Kosson, David S A2 - Young, Lily Y. A2 - Cerniglia, Carl E. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 PB - John Wiley and Sons, New York KW - soils KW - processes KW - in situ KW - toluene KW - soil vapor extraction KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - bioremediation KW - benzene KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - organic compounds KW - bioventing KW - hydrocarbons KW - xylene KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52741844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bowlen%2C+Gene+F%3BKosson%2C+David+S&rft.aulast=Bowlen&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=In+situ+processes+for+bioremediation+of+BTEX+and+petroleum+fuel+products&rft.title=In+situ+processes+for+bioremediation+of+BTEX+and+petroleum+fuel+products&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 158 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Field treatment of coal tar-contaminated soil based on results of laboratory treatability studies AN - 52741838; 1997-022842 JF - Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals AU - Findlay, Margaret AU - Fogel, Samuel AU - Conway, Lee AU - Taddeo, Arthur A2 - Young, Lily Y. A2 - Cerniglia, Carl E. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 PB - John Wiley and Sons, New York KW - soils KW - laboratory studies KW - biodegradation KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - coal tar KW - gasification KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52741838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Findlay%2C+Margaret%3BFogel%2C+Samuel%3BConway%2C+Lee%3BTaddeo%2C+Arthur&rft.aulast=Findlay&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Field+treatment+of+coal+tar-contaminated+soil+based+on+results+of+laboratory+treatability+studies&rft.title=Field+treatment+of+coal+tar-contaminated+soil+based+on+results+of+laboratory+treatability+studies&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 19 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of stope-scale seismicity in a hard-rock mine; Part 2, Characterization of blast and rock burst aftershock sequences AN - 52375839; 2000-026188 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Kranz, Robert L AU - Coughlin, John P AU - Billington, Selena Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 65 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - mines KW - Idaho KW - geologic hazards KW - stress KW - data processing KW - damage KW - northern Idaho KW - computer programs KW - aftershocks KW - seismicity KW - rock bursts KW - blasting KW - mining geology KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kranz%2C+Robert+L%3BCoughlin%2C+John+P%3BBillington%2C+Selena&rft.aulast=Kranz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Studies+of+stope-scale+seismicity+in+a+hard-rock+mine%3B+Part+2%2C+Characterization+of+blast+and+rock+burst+aftershock+sequences&rft.title=Studies+of+stope-scale+seismicity+in+a+hard-rock+mine%3B+Part+2%2C+Characterization+of+blast+and+rock+burst+aftershock+sequences&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sects. N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 2 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aftershocks; blasting; computer programs; damage; data processing; geologic hazards; Idaho; mines; mining geology; northern Idaho; rock bursts; seismicity; stress; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rock mechanics study of shaft stability and pillar mining, Homestake Mine, Lead, SD; 1, Premining geomechanical modeling using UTAH2 AN - 51529214; 2006-085885 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Pariseau, W G AU - Johnson, J C AU - McDonald, M M AU - Poad, M E Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 20 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - UTAH2 Program KW - United States KW - mining engineering KW - mining KW - monitoring KW - Homestake Mine KW - data processing KW - stability KW - Lawrence County South Dakota KW - Lead South Dakota KW - two-dimensional models KW - rock mechanics KW - computer programs KW - cracks KW - mining geology KW - mine shafts KW - South Dakota KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51529214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Pariseau%2C+W+G%3BJohnson%2C+J+C%3BMcDonald%2C+M+M%3BPoad%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Pariseau&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Rock+mechanics+study+of+shaft+stability+and+pillar+mining%2C+Homestake+Mine%2C+Lead%2C+SD%3B+1%2C+Premining+geomechanical+modeling+using+UTAH2&rft.title=Rock+mechanics+study+of+shaft+stability+and+pillar+mining%2C+Homestake+Mine%2C+Lead%2C+SD%3B+1%2C+Premining+geomechanical+modeling+using+UTAH2&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; cracks; data processing; Homestake Mine; Lawrence County South Dakota; Lead South Dakota; mine shafts; mining; mining engineering; mining geology; monitoring; pillars; rock mechanics; South Dakota; stability; two-dimensional models; United States; UTAH2 Program ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computer modeling and analysis of the Greens Creek Mine, Admiralty Island, AK AN - 51527422; 2006-085884 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Beus, M J AU - Orr, T J Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 16 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - underground mining KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - data processing KW - stability KW - Greens Creek Mine KW - models KW - massive sulfide deposits KW - computer programs KW - volcanism KW - mining geology KW - Admiralty Island KW - metal ores KW - massive deposits KW - Alaska KW - design KW - 27A:Economic geology, geology of ore deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51527422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Beus%2C+M+J%3BOrr%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Beus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Computer+modeling+and+analysis+of+the+Greens+Creek+Mine%2C+Admiralty+Island%2C+AK&rft.title=Computer+modeling+and+analysis+of+the+Greens+Creek+Mine%2C+Admiralty+Island%2C+AK&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Admiralty Island; Alaska; computer programs; data processing; design; Greens Creek Mine; massive deposits; massive sulfide deposits; metal ores; mines; mining; mining geology; models; Southeastern Alaska; stability; underground mining; United States; volcanism ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Debriefing following combat T2 - Jones, Franklin Del | Sparacino, Linette R | Wilcox, V L | Rothberg, Joseph M | Stokes, James W (ed.), War psychiatry T3 - Textbook of military medicine, part I: warfare, weaponry, and the casualty BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Jones, Franklin Del, Sparacino, Linette R, Wilcox, V L, Rothberg, Joseph M, Stokes, James W (ed.), War psychiatry] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 42392219; 06598 AB - Topics Treated: The history of post-traumatic debriefing; key steps in army doctrine after-action debriefing; risk factors; debriefing techniques; issues and pitfalls of debriefing. JF - Jones, Franklin Del, Sparacino, Linette R, Wilcox, V L, Rothberg, Joseph M, Stokes, James W (ed.), War psychiatry AU - Koshes, Ronald J AU - Young, Stephen A AU - Stokes, James W PY - 1995 SP - pp 271 EP - 290. PB - Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army SN - 0615002390 KW - Adults KW - Americans KW - Army Personnel KW - Psychological Debriefing KW - PTSD (DSM-IV) KW - War UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42392219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PILOTS%3A+Published+International+Literature+On+Traumatic+Stress&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Debriefing+following+combat&rft.au=Koshes%2C+Ronald+J%3BYoung%2C+Stephen+A%3BStokes%2C+James+W&rft.aulast=Koshes&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=pp+271&rft.isbn=0615002390&rft.btitle=Jones%2C+Franklin+Del+%7C+Sparacino%2C+Linette+R+%7C+Wilcox%2C+V+L+%7C+Rothberg%2C+Joseph+M+%7C+Stokes%2C+James+W+%28ed.%29%2C+War+psychiatry&rft.title=Jones%2C+Franklin+Del+%7C+Sparacino%2C+Linette+R+%7C+Wilcox%2C+V+L+%7C+Rothberg%2C+Joseph+M+%7C+Stokes%2C+James+W+%28ed.%29%2C+War+psychiatry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PILOTS: Published International Literature On Traumatic Stress N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-15 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity testing applied to direct food and colour additives:US FDA 'Redbook II' Guidelines AN - 21096970; 11127082 JF - Human & Experimental Toxicology AU - Hinton, D M AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - Jan 1995 SP - 143 EP - 145 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0960-3271, 0960-3271 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Food additives KW - Immunotoxicity KW - X 24500:Reviews, Legislation, Book & Conference Notices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21096970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity+testing+applied+to+direct+food+and+colour+additives%3AUS+FDA+%27Redbook+II%27+Guidelines&rft.au=Hinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.issn=09603271&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F096032719501400136 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunotoxicity; Food additives DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400136 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7: novel vehicles of infection and emergence of phenotypic variants. AN - 20746501; 9420647 AB - Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 was only recognized as a human pathogen a little more than a decade ago, yet it has become a major foodborne pathogen. In the United States, the severity of serotype O157:H7 infections in the young and the elderly has had a tremendous impact on human health, the food industry, and federal regulations regarding food safety. The implication of acidic foods as vehicles of infection has dispelled the concept that low-pH foods are safe. Further, the association of nonbovine products with outbreaks suggests that other vehicles of transmission may exist for this pathogen. In laboratory diagnosis, most microbiologic assays rely on a single phenotype to selectively isolate this pathogen. However, the increasing evidence that phenotypic variations exist among isolates in this serogroup may eventually necessitate modifications in assay procedures to detect them. JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases AU - Feng, P AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA., pxf@fdacf.ssw.dhhs.gov Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 47 EP - 52 PB - U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Federal regulations KW - Serotypes KW - Food industry KW - Food KW - outbreaks KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Infection KW - Disease transmission KW - phenotypic variations KW - USA KW - Escherichia coli KW - infection KW - Geriatrics KW - elderly KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20746501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+serotype+O157%3AH7%3A+novel+vehicles+of+infection+and+emergence+of+phenotypic+variants.&rft.au=Feng%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Federal regulations; Serotypes; Food industry; Food; Geriatrics; Pathogens; Infection; Disease transmission; phenotypic variations; infection; outbreaks; elderly; Food contamination; Escherichia coli; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Syndromes among Adults Visiting an Indian Health Service Primary Care Clinic AN - 1761717051; 199504558 AB - To describe the prevalence of depressive syndromes in an American Indian primary care clinic population & to help define the clinical correlates of depressive syndromes in this setting, a clinic-based research study of depression was undertaken by the Indian Health Service (IHS). Patients (N = 106) from an IHS primary care clinic in the southwestern US completed the Inventory for Diagnosing Depression (IDD); 22 (20.7%) responded with answers scoring positive for a depressive syndrome -- 9 of these 22 met IDD criteria for a major depressive syndrome. A diagnosis of depression, a past history of depression, use of mental health facilities, unexplained pains, & antidepressant medication use were associated with the presence of a depressive syndrome. 6 Tables, 19 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research AU - Wilson, Charlton AU - Civic, David AU - Glass, Daniel AD - US Public Health Service Mescalero Indian Hospital, Box 210 NM 88340 Y1 - 1995///0, PY - 1995 DA - 0, 1995 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0893-5394, 0893-5394 KW - depression prevalence/correlates, American Indian primary care clinic population KW - inventory KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - United States of America KW - Clinics KW - Primary Health Care KW - American Indians KW - article KW - 6142: mental & emotional problems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761717051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Mental+Health+Research&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Correlates+of+Depressive+Syndromes+among+Adults+Visiting+an+Indian+Health+Service+Primary+Care+Clinic&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Charlton%3BCivic%2C+David%3BGlass%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Charlton&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Mental+Health+Research&rft.issn=08935394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Indians; Depression (Psychology); Primary Health Care; Clinics; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental pharmacology and toxicology of anti-HIV therapeutic agents: Dideoxynucleosides AN - 17088186; 3896899 AB - As the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has increased in women over the past decade, the need for safe, effective therapy during pregnancy has increased concomitantly. Although dideoxynucleosides such as 3'-deoxy-3'-azidothymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), and 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine have been approved for use in the general population, the administration, efficacy, and toxicity of these compounds during pregnancy and development are now being investigated. Initial human studies suggest that maternal use of AZT during pregnancy is well tolerated by both mother and child and provides a promising degree of protection from vertical HIV transmission to the infant. In vitro and animal models have greatly increased our understanding of the distribution and toxicity resulting from fetal dideoxynucleoside exposure. AZT, ddI, and ddC rapidly cross the placenta by simple diffusion but with different rates of transfer. In vivo data confirm the differential transfer of these compounds with AZT fetal exposure approximately twice that of ddI or ddC. Active phosphorylated metabolites have been detected in placental tissue after in vitro perfusion with AZT. The active triphosphate has not been detected in placental perfusion studies or in the fetal rhesus monkey 3 h after maternal exposure to ddI or ddC. Although in vitro and in vivo laboratory animal studies suggest the potential for toxicity with preimplantation exposure, the risk for teratogenic events after postimplantational exposure appears to be low at therapeutically effective concentrations of these dideoxynucleosides. JF - FASEB Journal AU - Sandberg, JA AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Div. Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res./FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1157 EP - 1163 VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 0892-6638, 0892-6638 KW - dideoxynucleosides KW - zidovudine KW - didanosine KW - stavudine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - reviews KW - fetuses KW - antiviral agents KW - transmission (vertical) KW - toxicology KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - pregnancy KW - placenta KW - intrauterine exposure KW - teratogenicity KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17088186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FASEB+Journal&rft.atitle=Developmental+pharmacology+and+toxicology+of+anti-HIV+therapeutic+agents%3A+Dideoxynucleosides&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+JA%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FASEB+Journal&rft.issn=08926638&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus; reviews; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; antiviral agents; teratogenicity; toxicology; fetuses; placenta; pregnancy; intrauterine exposure; transmission (vertical) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The absence of genetic markers for streptomycin and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium avium complex strains AN - 17069435; 3891589 AB - Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) bacilli are an important cause of bacteraemia in AIDS patients but treatment is complicated by their resistance to the usual antimycobacterial agents. In this study of 20 strains of MAC none was found to have the mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis suggesting that MAC have unique mechanisms for resistance to these agents. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Portillo-Gomez, L AU - Nair, J AU - Rouse, DA AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobact., Cent. Biologics Evaluation and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, HFM-431, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1049 EP - 1053 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - rifampin KW - streptomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - drug resistance KW - bacteremia KW - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17069435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=The+absence+of+genetic+markers+for+streptomycin+and+rifampicin+resistance+in+Mycobacterium+avium+complex+strains&rft.au=Portillo-Gomez%2C+L%3BNair%2C+J%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Portillo-Gomez&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare; drug resistance; bacteremia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectral dependence of UV-induced immediate and delayed apoptosis: The role of membrane and DNA damage AN - 17053496; 3882869 AB - The phototoxicity of each waveband region of UV radiation (UVR), i.e., UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm) and UVC (200-290 nm), was correlated with an apoptotic mechanism using equilethal doses (10% survival) on murine lymphoma L5178Y-R cells. Apoptosis was qualitatively monitored for DNA "ladder" formation (multiples of 200 base pair units) using agarose gel electrophoresis, while the percentages of apoptotic and membrane-permeabilized cells were quantified over a postexposure time course using flow cytometry. The UVA1 radiation (340-400 nm) induced both an immediate (20 h) apoptotic mechanism, while UVB or UVC radiation induced only the delayed mechanism. The role of membrane damage was examined using a lipophilic free-radical scavenger, vitamin E. Immediate apoptosis and membrane permeability increased in a UVA1 dose-dependent manner, both of which were reduced by vitamin E. However, vitamin E had little effect on UVR-induced delayed apoptosis. In contrast, the DNA damaging agents 2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluene exclusively induced delayed apoptosis. Thus, immediate apoptosis can be initiated by UVA1-induced membrane damage, while delayed apoptosis can be initiated by DNA damage. Moreover, the results suggest that immediate and delayed apoptosis are two independent mechanisms that exist beyond the realm of photobiology. JF - Photochemistry and Photobiology AU - Godar, DE AU - Lucas, AD AD - Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, U.S. FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 108 EP - 113 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - mice KW - L5178Y-R cells KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA damage KW - membranes KW - U.V. radiation KW - apoptosis KW - free radicals KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17053496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.atitle=Spectral+dependence+of+UV-induced+immediate+and+delayed+apoptosis%3A+The+role+of+membrane+and+DNA+damage&rft.au=Godar%2C+DE%3BLucas%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Godar&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - U.V. radiation; apoptosis; membranes; DNA damage; free radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading mycobacteria by 16S rRNA sequencing AN - 17052485; 3874120 AB - Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 was previously isolated in our laboratory and was shown to be able to mineralize high molecular mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [Heitkamp and Cerniglia, (1988) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1612-1614]. In this research, the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) of this strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced by cycle sequencing method. We compared this sequence with all known mycobacterial 16S rDNA sequences available from GenBank and found that Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 16S rDNA differs from the other mycobacteria, especially in the region of nucleotides 168-200 (in the Escherichia coli numbering system). Using the 16S rDNA sequences of the mycobacteria, a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The data from the phylogenetic tree and similarity values suggest that Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 is closer to M. aurum and M. vaccae. Using the same approach, we also determined the 16S rDNA from an another PAH-degrading Mycobacterium sp. PAH135, isolated by Grosser and colleagues (1991) (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 3462-3469). Mycobacterium sp. PAH135 was found to be closer to M. aichiense, and different from our Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Cao, Wei-Wen AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiol. Div., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 75 EP - 80 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - phylogeny KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17052485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analysis+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+degrading+mycobacteria+by+16S+rRNA+sequencing&rft.au=Wang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BCao%2C+Wei-Wen%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Rong-Fu&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; phylogeny; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Mycobacterium ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Immunotoxicity assessment of biotechnology products: A regulatory point of view AN - 17051943; 3882573 AB - Regulatory points of view have traditionally been thought of as non-committal or reactionary, but rarely visionary. I am going to take this opportunity and try to provide 'a vision' to the regulation of products derived from biotechnology and more specifically, the design of preclinical safety evaluation studies and the assessment of potential immunotoxicity. Since this is a summerschool session, I would like to first start off by confessing that all I ever really needed to know about the FDA I learned in kindergarten... simply tell the truth, don't push, stay in line, play fair, listen to your teacher, take time to think and only raise your hand if it is an emergency! In describing studies to evaluate the safety of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals, the emphasis should be on taking time to think. In fact that is precisely what is meant by the 'case-by-case' approach, which is a term most often associated with the development of novel technologies. The case-by-case approach to regulation does not mean 'do what I say' or 'check the correct boxes', but rather 'think' as a means to a more rational, science-based approach for answering specific questions related to, in this particular case, the safety of biotherapeutics. Implicit in a case-by-case approach to preclinical safety evaluation is a common understanding and basic knowledge of both the product to be tested, as well as the specific assays used to arrive at the assessment of safety. Therefore, scientists within regulatory agencies must be able to talk to scientists within industry or academia. At this third summerschool in immunotoxicology, it may be even more appropriate to refer to this communication as a trialogue or a 'menage a trois'. JF - Toxicology AU - Cavagnaro, JA A2 - Descotes, J (ed) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 8 KW - government policies KW - government policy KW - immunotoxicity KW - regulation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - biotechnology KW - safety KW - safety regulations KW - risk assessment KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17051943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Immunotoxicity+assessment+of+biotechnology+products%3A+A+regulatory+point+of+view&rft.title=Immunotoxicity+assessment+of+biotechnology+products%3A+A+regulatory+point+of+view&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adherence to and invasion of tissue culture cells by Vibrio hollisae AN - 17050732; 3881387 AB - The adherence to and invasion of cultured epithelial cells by Vibrio hollisae were examined by quantitative studies and by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. Condensed actin was observed around clustered adherent and intracellular bacteria. Bacteria multiplied intracellularly. Inhibitor studies indicated that internalization occurred by an integrated pleiotropic process involving eukaryotic and prokaryotic protein syntheses, microfilaments, microtubules, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Miliotis, MD AU - Tall, B D AU - Gray, R T AD - Div. Virulence Assessment (HFS-327), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 4959 EP - 4963 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fluorescence KW - microscopy KW - cell adhesion KW - electron microscopy KW - light KW - tissue culture KW - Vibrio hollisae KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17050732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Adherence+to+and+invasion+of+tissue+culture+cells+by+Vibrio+hollisae&rft.au=Miliotis%2C+MD%3BTall%2C+B+D%3BGray%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Miliotis&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio hollisae; tissue culture; cell adhesion; microscopy; light; fluorescence; electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne illness: Perceptions, experience, and preventive behaviors in the United States AN - 17045689; 3871707 AB - Data from national telephone surveys conducted in 1988 and 1993 were used to describe consumer perceptions of foodborne illness. The 1993 data were also used to assess the relationship between the perception that a foodborne illness had recently been experienced and awareness, concern, knowledge, and behavior related to food safety. Respondents described foodborne disease primarily as a minor illness without fever that occurs within a day of eating a contaminated food prepared in a restaurant. However, several common pathogens have a latency period longer than a day, and experts on foodborne disease estimate that most cases of foodborne illness originate from foods prepared at home. In both surveys, people 18 to 39 years of age were more likely than those in other age groups to believe they had experienced a foodborne illness. In 1993, people with at least some college education were more likely to believe they had experienced foodborne illness than were people with less education. People who believed they had experienced foodborne illness had greater awareness of foodborne microbes and concern about food safety issues, were more likely to eat raw protein foods from animals, and were less likely to practice safe food handling than were those who did not perceive that they had experienced such an illness. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fein, S B AU - Lin, C-TJ AU - Levy, A S AD - Division Market Studies, Cent. for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1405 EP - 1411 VL - 58 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - USA KW - food-borne diseases KW - man KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17045689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Foodborne+illness%3A+Perceptions%2C+experience%2C+and+preventive+behaviors+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Fein%2C+S+B%3BLin%2C+C-TJ%3BLevy%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Fein&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; food contamination; food-borne diseases; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a rapid plate count and MPN methods for enumeration of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in soft-shell clams AN - 17035280; 3863386 AB - A direct elevated temperature plate count method utilizing modified fecal coliform agar with rosolic acid (ETPC/mFC) was compared to 5-tube and 3-tube most probable number (MPN) procedures for its accuracy in enumerating fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in naturally and artificially contaminated soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria). The results indicated that the extent of overall recovery of fecal coliforms was similar in the two methods tested. Therefore, the ETPC/mFC method may be considered as a rapid procedure for fecal coliform screening during depuration of soft-shell clams. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Garcia, G R AU - Haymond, R E AU - Sprague, D M AU - Singleton, E R AU - Peeler, J T AU - Lancette, G A AU - Sofos, J N AD - Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Cent., P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1197 EP - 1200 VL - 58 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - clam fisheries KW - coliforms KW - counting methods KW - fecal coliforms KW - human diseases KW - microbial contamination KW - microbiological analysis KW - most probable number KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - sewage disposal KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - fishery products KW - food poisoning KW - Mya arenaria KW - seafood KW - food KW - bacteria KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - O 5090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17035280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+rapid+plate+count+and+MPN+methods+for+enumeration+of+fecal+coliforms+and+Escherichia+coli+in+soft-shell+clams&rft.au=Garcia%2C+G+R%3BHaymond%2C+R+E%3BSprague%2C+D+M%3BSingleton%2C+E+R%3BPeeler%2C+J+T%3BLancette%2C+G+A%3BSofos%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microbiological analysis; pathogenic bacteria; fishery products; microbial contamination; human diseases; food; seafood; bacteria; clam fisheries; food poisoning; sewage disposal; counting methods; coliforms; most probable number; fecal coliforms; Escherichia coli; Mya arenaria; Marine ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Inadequacy of bacterial indicators for assessing elimination rates of viruses from molluscan shellfish AN - 17030254; 3904254 AB - The reported incidence of shellfish-borne illness in the United States increased dramatically during the last decade. Most of the outbreaks are attributed to diseases of viral aetiology. These human health problems result primarily from the ingestion of raw shellfish which have accumulated enteric pathogens from environmental waters or from wet storage facilities. Our studies have demonstrated that hard-shelled clams concentrate different indicator micro-organisms at variable and unpredictable rates during the year. In temperate waters, this has been observed at two abbreviated periods in mid-spring and again in late fall when accumulation rates increased dramatically. Moreover, these rates were not generally coincident for viruses and bacteria. In addition, our studies have shown that, using conventional depuration technologies, the elimination rates for viruses and bacteria are profoundly different. Relative to vegetative bacterial indicators (fecal coliforms, Echerischia coli), the male-specific coliphage group may take as long as ten times that of the conventional indicator for a similar degree of elimination. Our results, coupled with those of other investigators as well as with certain epidemiological reports, demonstrate that viral behaviour within molluscan shellfish is not indexed by bacterial indicator organisms. JF - IFREMER, CENTRE DE BREST, PLOUZANE (FRANCE). pp. 217-226. 1995. AU - Burkhardt, W AU - Watkins, W D AU - Rippey A2 - Poggi, R A2 - Le Gall, JY (eds) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 10 EP - 226 PB - IFREMER, CENTRE DE BREST, PLOUZANE (FRANCE) SN - 290543466X KW - intestinal microflora KW - marine molluscs KW - phages KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Marine KW - self purification KW - diseases KW - indicator species KW - seafood KW - bacteria KW - viruses KW - Mollusca KW - public health KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Burkhardt%2C+W%3BWatkins%2C+W+D%3BRippey&rft.aulast=Burkhardt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=290543466X&rft.btitle=Inadequacy+of+bacterial+indicators+for+assessing+elimination+rates+of+viruses+from+molluscan+shellfish&rft.title=Inadequacy+of+bacterial+indicators+for+assessing+elimination+rates+of+viruses+from+molluscan+shellfish&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Hazard analysis critical control points (HACCPs) and verification studies at shellfish depuration plants in the USA AN - 17028851; 3904267 AB - This article describes the requirements of the Manual of Operations, Part 2 of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, for conducting verification studies at depuration plants for molluscan shellfish. This article also describes the effect of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCPs) on such studies, and how to plan studies on new or existing plants. Methods are described for analyzing the various facets of the physical plant, such as sea water systems, tank construction, and other pertinent facilities. Of equal importance, methods are described for investigating and analyzing the various critical control points of the operation of the plant. Studies at a soft clam depuration plant are used as a model for this article. The most important items are (1) development of the zero-hour upper limit of fecal coliform bacteria in the clams, (2) attainment of final product criteria, (3) development of mid-cycle criteria, (4) flow rate of sea water, (5) tank loading, and (6) sea water parameters. A model is presented of the Scheduled Depuration Process, the operational specifications for the soft clam depuration plant. JF - IFREMER, CENTRE DE BREST, PLOUZANE (FRANCE). pp. 185-197. 1995. AU - Furfari, SA AU - Kelley-Reitz, D AU - Dowgert, M A2 - Poggi, R A2 - Le Gall, JY (eds) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 13 EP - 197 PB - IFREMER, CENTRE DE BREST, PLOUZANE (FRANCE) SN - 290543466X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Bivalvia KW - Marine KW - pollution monitoring KW - self purification KW - shellfish KW - marine molluscs KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Furfari%2C+SA%3BKelley-Reitz%2C+D%3BDowgert%2C+M&rft.aulast=Furfari&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=290543466X&rft.btitle=Hazard+analysis+critical+control+points+%28HACCPs%29+and+verification+studies+at+shellfish+depuration+plants+in+the+USA&rft.title=Hazard+analysis+critical+control+points+%28HACCPs%29+and+verification+studies+at+shellfish+depuration+plants+in+the+USA&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of template preparation methods from foods for amplification of Escherichia coli O157 Shiga-like toxins type I and II DNA by multiplex polymerase chain reaction AN - 17028354; 3866466 AB - Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been responsible for several recent food-borne outbreaks in the United States. To protect the public health, it is essential that rapid and sensitive methods be developed for detection of this pathogen in foods. Methods were compared for preparation of template DNA for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from enrichments of food homogenates seeded with E. coli O157:H7. Samples were enriched for 6 h at 37 degree C in modified tryptic soy broth supplemented with vancomycin, cefsulodin, and cefixime. Aliquots of the enrichments (10 ml or 1 ml) were analyzed by either washing twice with physiological saline or incubating with antibodies to O157 coupled to immunomagnetic beads (Dynal registered ) followed by resuspending and boiling the samples. A portion of the preparation was used in a multiplex PCR to amplify a 274-bp fragment from the sltI gene and a 364-bp fragment from the sltII gene. PCR amplification of 1-ml portions of enrichment broth was successful at inoculation levels of about 10 cells per g of food. Increasing the test sample volume to 10 ml and/or using an immunomagnetic separation step improved the PCR detection sensitivity to about 1 cell per g; the entire analysis can be completed within 12 h. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Trost, P A AU - Hill, W E AU - Weagant, S D AU - Bryant, J L AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Wekell, M M AD - FDA, 22201 23rd Dr. S.E., P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, WA 98041, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 722 EP - 726 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - toxins KW - food KW - DNA probes KW - Escherichia coli KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17028354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+template+preparation+methods+from+foods+for+amplification+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+Shiga-like+toxins+type+I+and+II+DNA+by+multiplex+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+K+C%3BTrost%2C+P+A%3BHill%2C+W+E%3BWeagant%2C+S+D%3BBryant%2C+J+L%3BKaysner%2C+CA%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=722&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; toxins; DNA probes; food; polymerase chain reaction; Escherichia coli ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Upper bound risk estimates for mixtures of carcinogens AN - 17026200; 3863885 AB - The excess cancer risk that might result from exposure to a mixture of chemical carcinogens usually is estimated with data from experiments conducted on individual chemicals. An upper bound on the total excess risk is estimated commonly by summing individual upper bound risk estimates. The degree to which this approach might overstate the true risk associated with the mixture has not been evaluated previously. This paper reports the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study on the degree of reduction in conservatism that might be achieved using alternative methods for calculating mixture upper bounds. An unexpected finding is that for chemicals that exhibit strongly linear dose-response relationships, the summing of multistage-model-based upper bounds on excess risk can be anti-conservative, that is, it can provide less than the nominal 100(1 - alpha )% coverage. JF - Toxicology AU - Kodell, R L AU - Ahn, H AU - Chen, J J AU - Springer, JA AU - Barton, C N AU - Hertzberg, R C A2 - Simmons, JE (ed) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 10 EP - 208 KW - chemical mixtures KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - carcinogens KW - risk assessment KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17026200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BAhn%2C+H%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BSpringer%2C+JA%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BHertzberg%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Upper+bound+risk+estimates+for+mixtures+of+carcinogens&rft.title=Upper+bound+risk+estimates+for+mixtures+of+carcinogens&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Transformation of chrysene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans AN - 17018070; 3854525 AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants; some are mutagenic, toxic, and carcinogenic and remain a public health concern. We investigated the metabolism of mixtures of PAHs and a tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chrysene, by the filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112. Cunninghamella elegans metabolized a mixture of PAHs including the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and acenaphthene completely to hydroxylated intermediates within 24 h. The metabolites from the PAH mixtures were similar to those formed in earlier studies of individual PAH compounds. In separate experiments with chrysene, C. elegans metabolized about 45% of the [5,6,11,12- super(14)C]chrysene added to cultures during 144 h incubation. The two major metabolites of chrysene were separated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and identified by ultraviolet-visible, mass spectral, and super(1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance techniques as sulfate conjugates of 2,8-dihydroxychrysene and 2-hydroxychrysene. The two major metabolites accounted for about 33% of the total metabolism. The formation of sulfate conjugates of phenolic chrysene metabolites and glucoside conjugates and hydroxylated products of PAH mixtures by C. elegans may be a detoxification step, because these types of products are generally less toxic than the parent compound. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Selby, A AU - Evans, F E AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 VL - 1 KW - chrysene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - biodegradation KW - reviews KW - aromatic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17018070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+chrysene+and+other+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+mixtures+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BSelby%2C+A%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+Sulement+1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Depuration: An administrative overview AN - 17014349; 3850866 AB - At the 1964 National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, Mr. Eugene Jensen presented a thought-provoking paper outlining the rationale for the depuration of shellfish. Mr. Jensen noted that "we are committed to the principal that shellfish must be as safe to eat as other ordinary food" and that "the problems of assuring the sanitary quality of coastal areas will increase rather than diminish. This is not the same as saying that pollution will increase" (Jensen, 1964). It is recognised that additional use of the waters and shore areas will have adverse impacts on the water quality and shellfish resource quantity and quality. If we are to maintain a program which will permit the consumer to eat shellfish in any form they choose, we must develop the means to provide, in Mr. Jensen's words, "a reasonable level of security to the consumer" (Jensen, 1964). This requires establishing procedures to assure that the public health is protected, particularly by setting limitations on the type and quantity of contaminant to be depurated. This discussion is about public health protection - that is what the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does, and that is what the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference (ISSC) does. The ISSC is an association of state public health and shellfish officials, FDA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). There is a general assembly, three task forces (administration, growing areas, plant sanitation) and about 15 committees. The committees review issues submitted and present recommendations to the appropriate task force. Committee members consist of representatives from academia, industry, state regulators, FDA, and NMFS. Committee reports are sent to the task force where they are reviewed, debated, and voted upon (states and industry vote). Then they go before the general assembly where only states vote. FDA reviews the decisions later to insure that changes are consistent with federal regulations. Once concurrence has been obtained, the changes become part of the program and binding on all participants. This paper discusses the requirements for the depuration control authority and the plant operator. The procedures for designing the plant, writing the scheduled depuration process, verifying the process effectiveness, and the ongoing operation of the depuration plant heve been extracted from the NSSP Manual in a tabular form. The applicable sections of the Manual have been referenced for each requirement. JF - IFREMER, CENTRE DE BREST, PLOUZANE (FRANCE). pp. 47-54. 1995. AU - Somerset, I J A2 - Poggi, R A2 - Le Gall, J-Y (eds) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 8 EP - 54 PB - IFREMER, CENTRE DE BREST, PLOUZANE (FRANCE) SN - 290543466X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - France KW - Bivalvia KW - Marine KW - water quality KW - self purification KW - shellfish KW - legislation KW - public health KW - pollution control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17014349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Somerset%2C+I+J&rft.aulast=Somerset&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=290543466X&rft.btitle=Depuration%3A+An+administrative+overview&rft.title=Depuration%3A+An+administrative+overview&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Threshold of estimated toxicity for regulation of indirect food additives AN - 17013644; 3842174 AB - In response to the objectives of this ATSDR workshop, 2 new procedures are described for assessing the safe use of indirect food additives. First, this workshop provided a timely forum in which to describe a newly proposed Threshold of Regulation (T/R) Policy under which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would exempt certain indirect food additives from the formal premarket petition process. Second, this workshop offered an opportunity to discuss 2 circumstances in which Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) methodologies might be utilized in the future to provide decision-support information for substances used in food-contact articles. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Matthews, E J AU - Machuga, E J A2 - Wilson, JD A2 - Cibulas, W A2 - DeRosa, CT A2 - Mumtaz, MM A2 - Murray, E (eds) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 7 EP - 129 KW - structure-activity relationships KW - Food and Drug Administration KW - FDA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - threshold limits KW - safety KW - food additives KW - safety regulations KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J%3BMachuga%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Threshold+of+estimated+toxicity+for+regulation+of+indirect+food+additives&rft.title=Threshold+of+estimated+toxicity+for+regulation+of+indirect+food+additives&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental aspects of PAH biodegradation AN - 17013366; 3853255 AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants, some of which are on the US Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant list. Consequently, timely clean-up of contaminated sites is important. The lower-mol-wt PAHs are amenable to bioremediation; however, higher-mol-wt PAHs seem to be recalcitrant to microbial degradation. The rates of biodegradation of PAHs are highly variable and are dependent not only on PAH structure, but also on the physicochemical parameters of the site as well as the number and types of microorganisms present. PAHs sorb to organic matter in soils and sediments, and the rate of their desorption strongly influences the rate of which microorganisms can degrade the pollutants. Much of the current PAH research focuses on techniques to enhance the bioavailability and, therefore, the degradation rates of PAHs at polluted sites. Degradation products of PAHs are, however, not necessarily less toxic than the parent compounds. Therefore, toxicity assays need to be incorporated into the procedures used to monitor the effectiveness of PAH bioremediation. In addition, this article highlights areas of PAH research that require further investigation. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Shuttleworth, K L AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - U.S. FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Div. Microbiol., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 291 EP - 302 VL - 54 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - aromatic compounds KW - toxicity KW - environmental impact KW - assays KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17013366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Environmental+aspects+of+PAH+biodegradation&rft.au=Shuttleworth%2C+K+L%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; toxicity; aromatic compounds; environmental impact; assays ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Information needed to support hazard identification and risk assessment of toxic substances AN - 17009305; 3842164 AB - Today pharmacokinetic data are not routinely required for food safety evaluation. The new Red Book, the Center's outline of animal testing protocols, does suggest some pharmacokinetic studies, but their use is still limited. Primarily this is because of our current reliance on animal studies only and the use of safety factors (SFs) to bridge the human to animal response. But the situation is changing and the role of pharmacokinetics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling will probably increase for several reasons. (1) The increasing role of quantitative risk assessment and regulations acknowledging and permitting some level of risk. This places a demand of greater quantitation of risk and emphasizes the need for better measurement of effective dose. We made need to consider more carefully the possible nonlinear pharmacokinetic effects in high-to-low dose extrapolation. (2) The increasing need to understand more about a chemical's mechanism of action prior to a major corporate commitment. The increasing cost of mistakes in judgment regarding a chemical's prospects in the commercial and regulatory arena are demanding a better and deeper understanding of possible toxic effects. (3) The increasing desire to expand the use of a successful additive beyond the spectrum of the uses covered in the original approval. This usually means the request for a higher ADI. This must be based on more refined toxicity testing and better estimate of effective dose in order to permit the reduction of the SF. (4) The advent of novel foods for which conventional toxicological methods are inappropriate. For example, noncaloric fat substitutes that may comprise a large portion of the daily diet cannot adequately be tested in conventional animal studies. The doses cannot be exaggerated enough to permit a large enough SF. These substances may well require human clinical investigations similar to those used for drugs. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Scheuplein, R J A2 - Wilson, JD A2 - Cibulas, W A2 - DeRosa, CT A2 - Mumtaz, MM A2 - Murray, E (eds) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 6 EP - 28 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - hazards KW - food additives KW - safety regulations KW - risk assessment KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.25:ADDITIVES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Scheuplein%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Scheuplein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Information+needed+to+support+hazard+identification+and+risk+assessment+of+toxic+substances&rft.title=Information+needed+to+support+hazard+identification+and+risk+assessment+of+toxic+substances&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the katG and inhA genes of isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 17005403; 3844397 AB - Resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been associated with mutations in genes encoding the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase (katG) and the InhA protein (inhA). Among the 26 isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates evaluated in this study, mutations in putative inhA regulatory sequences were identified in 2 catalase-positive isolates, katG gene alterations were detected in 20 strains, and 4 isolates had wild-type katG and inhA genes. Mutations in the katG gene were detected in all 11 catalase-negative isolates: one frameshift insertion, two partial gene deletions, and nine different missense mutations were identified. An arginine-to-leucine substitution at position 463 was detected in nine catalase-positive isolates. However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the presence of a leucine at codon 463 did not alter the activity of the M. tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase and did not affect the capacity of this enzyme to restore isoniazid susceptibility to isoniazid-resistant, KatG-defective Mycobacterium smegmatis BH1 cells. These studies further support the association between katG and inhA gene mutation and isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis, while also suggesting that other undefined mechanisms of isoniazid resistance exist. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Rouse, DA AU - Li, Zhongming AU - Bai, Gil-Han AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobacteria, FDA/CBER, HFM-431, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2472 EP - 2477 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - katG gene KW - inhA gene KW - isoniazid KW - catalase KW - peroxidase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - drug resistance KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17005403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+katG+and+inhA+genes+of+isoniazid-resistant+clinical+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Rouse%2C+DA%3BLi%2C+Zhongming%3BBai%2C+Gil-Han%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; drug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The case for expanded phytoestrogen research AN - 17004360; 3841972 AB - Phytoestrogens are now known to be diverse in their chemical structures as well as in their origins. The two major chemical classes, the coumestans and isoflavonoids, each have a number of representatives with different estrogenic potencies; they may have different patterns of biological activities as well. Thus, while general statements regarding phytoestrogen effects can be made, additional properties may be associated with specific phytoestrogens. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine AU - Sheehan, D M AD - DHHS, FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Div. Reprod. and Dev. Toxicol., Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3 EP - 5 VL - 208 IS - 1 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - phytoestrogens KW - estrogens KW - coumestans KW - isoflavonoid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - plants KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17004360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+case+for+expanded+phytoestrogen+research&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The detection and distribution of the marine neurotoxin domoic acid on the Pacific coast of the United States 1991-1993 AN - 17000980; 3842459 AB - Analysis of 2873 samples from a wide variety of domestic as well as import seafoods for domoic acid revealed the presence of the toxin in specimens of anchovies, (Microstomus pacificus), razor clams, (Siliqua patula) crab, and spiny lobster (Homarus sp.) harvested from the coastal waters of California, Oregon and Washington from 1991 to 1993. Of the 392 razor clam samples investigated, 42% were found to contain the toxin in excess of 20 ppm, a level considered to be unsafe for human consumption by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In sharp contrast to the razor clam results, neither mussels nor oysters gathered from the same sampling sites showed any significant sign of domoic acid contamination. Of the total of 397 cooked crab samples harvested from the coastal waters of Washington and Oregon, greater than 65% were found to contain some level of domoic acid and greater than 5% were found to contain levels of the toxin in excess of 20 ppm. These studies also revealed that, in general, crab viscera contained domoic acid at levels 5 to 10 times higher than those found in the meat. While all samples of crab and lobster were analyzed as cooked specimens, all other species investigated were analyzed in the raw state. Of all the species investigated, anchovies were found to be the most highly contaminated. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Altwein, D M AU - Foster, K AU - Doose, G AU - Newton, R T AD - FDA, 22201-23rd Dr. S.E., P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - amnesic shellfish poisoning KW - biological poisons KW - domoic acid KW - marine crustaceans KW - marine fish KW - marine molluscs KW - mussels KW - neurotoxins KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - USA, West KW - INE, USA KW - bioaccumulation KW - coastal waters KW - Marine KW - USA KW - seafood KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24172:Plants KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - K 03039:Algae KW - Q1 08602:Surveying and prospecting KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=The+detection+and+distribution+of+the+marine+neurotoxin+domoic+acid+on+the+Pacific+coast+of+the+United+States+1991-1993&rft.au=Altwein%2C+D+M%3BFoster%2C+K%3BDoose%2C+G%3BNewton%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Altwein&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neurotoxins; coastal waters; biological poisons; seafood; marine crustaceans; marine molluscs; marine fish; bioaccumulation; amnesic shellfish poisoning; mussels; USA; USA, West; INE, USA; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Oxyrase registered enrichment method for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from inoculated foods AN - 17000808; 3833477 AB - Recovery limits were evaluated for Campylobacterjejuni in an existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enrichment broth (EB) formula supplemented with Oxyrase registered enzyme. Cultures of C. jejuni were inoculated into EB or EB containing 10% raw milk, raw oysters, crabmeat or mushrooms. After 24 and 48 h of enrichment, C. jejuni was isolated on four selective agars. No significant differences in recovery rates for C. jejuni were observed in the Oxyrase registered enrichment under normal atmosphere or in the existing FDA method under modified atmosphere. Increase of enrichment time from 24 to 48 h did not improve the recovery rates. However, the Oxyrase registered enrichment was cost effective, less time consuming, and simpler to perform than the established method. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Tran, T T AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud. (HFS-516), U.S. FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 345 EP - 347 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - media (enrichment) KW - atmospheric conditions KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - food-borne diseases KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17000808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Oxyrase+registered+enrichment+method+for+isolation+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+from+inoculated+foods&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; media (enrichment); atmospheric conditions; food-borne diseases; food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphologic and morphometric evaluation of the effect of ICRF-187 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity AN - 16999401; 3844677 AB - Morphologic and morphometric studies were made of the protective effects of ICRF-187 against the pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin n male and female C57/BL6 mice. Sixty minutes prior to the subcutaneous administration of 15 mg/kg of bleomycin, animals received either saline or ICRF-187 (300 or 150 mg/kg) intrapertioneally, twice a week for 4 weeks. The lungs of animals treated with bleomycin alone showed inflammation, hyperplasia of type II epithelial cells, squamous cell metaplasia and fibrosis. The extent of fibrosis was quantified by means of a colon videometric system and histologic sections of lung stained according to a modified Masson trichrome method. The severity of these alterations, particularly of fibrosis, was reduced in all groups of animals pretreated with ICRF-187. The fibrosis was reduced to a similar extent in female mice treated with the 300 mg/kg and the 150 mg/kg doses of ICRF-187, from 39.3% to 17.6% and 13.3%, respectively. ICRF-187 induced significantly different degrees of reduction in fibrosis in the 2 groups of male mice treated with the 150 mg/kg and the 300 mg/kg doses, from 30% to 19.7% and 12.2%, respectively. In vitro studies indicated that both ICRF-187 and its open-ring hydrolysis product (ADR-925) remove iron slowly from the bleomycin-iron complex. This observation provides a basis for the concept that ICRF-187 protects by chelating iron involved in the formation of the bleomycin-Fe super(3+) complex that generates reactive oxygen radicals capable of causing pulmonary damage. JF - Toxicology AU - Herman, E H AU - Hasinoff, B B AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Raley, L G AU - Zhang, Tan-Mu AU - Fukuda, Y AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Div. Res. & Test., Cent. Drug Eval. and Res., FDA, HFD-472 - MOD I, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 163 EP - 175 VL - 98 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - bleomycin KW - ICRF-187 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - antineoplastic drugs KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16999401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Morphologic+and+morphometric+evaluation+of+the+effect+of+ICRF-187+on+bleomycin-induced+pulmonary+toxicity&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BHasinoff%2C+B+B%3BZhang%2C+Jun%3BRaley%2C+L+G%3BZhang%2C+Tan-Mu%3BFukuda%2C+Y%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lung; antineoplastic drugs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of combined benzidine in FD&C yellow no. 6 (sunset yellow FCF) AN - 16997514; 3843371 AB - Samples from 67 manufactured lots of FD&C Yellow No. 6 (Sunset Yellow FCF; Colour Index No. 15985) were analysed for combined benzidine. These samples were selected from those submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for certification between October 1991 and December 1992 by 13 dye distributors. Dithionite was used to reduce any combined benzidine present in the form of azo or disazo dyes to free benzidine. This reduction was followed by extraction, diazotization and coupling with 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (R salt). The total benzidine was quantified as benzidine-R salt disazo dye by HPLC with detection at 540 nm and a quantification limit of 10 ng benzidine/g FD&C Yellow No. 6. Of the 67 samples analysed, 34 were found to contain more than 10 ng combined benzidine/g. Of these, 30 samples were from one manufacturing company, including three of its subsidiaries. The level of combined benzidine found ranged from 11 to 104 ng/g, except for one sample containing 941 ng/g. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Peiperl, MD AU - Prival, MJ AU - Bell, S J AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch (HFS-236), FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 829 EP - 839 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - benzidine KW - Sunset Yellow FCF KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - food dyes KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+combined+benzidine+in+FD%26amp%3BC+yellow+no.+6+%28sunset+yellow+FCF%29&rft.au=Peiperl%2C+MD%3BPrival%2C+MJ%3BBell%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Peiperl&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food dyes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a CHO cell-elongating toxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila AN - 16997323; 3834351 AB - A Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-elongating toxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila was purified from cell-free supernatant fluids by ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified toxin had an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.7 and a molecular weight of 70 000 in a single band on isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels and SDS-PAGE gels, respectively. The N-terminal sequence, amino acids 1-20, and the amino acid content were determined from Western blots of the 70 kDa band. No homology with any known microbial toxin was found. CHO cell activity was not neutralized by antiserum to cholera toxin (anti-CT), and the toxin did not react with anti-CT on Western blots. The toxin did not increase cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or prostaglandin E sub(2) levels in CHO cells. No cytotoxic activity was observed. Intragastric administration of purified toxin (5 x 10 super(4) and 5 x 10 super(8) CHO cell units) induced intestinal fluid accumulation in infant mice. These results suggest that this toxin may be a novel cytotonic toxin distinct from previously described toxins produced by A. hydrophila or A. sobria. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - McCardell, BA AU - Madden, J M AU - Kothary, M H AU - Sathyamoorthy, V AD - Div. Virulence Assess., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - cell-elongating toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - CHO cells KW - toxins KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16997323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+CHO+cell-elongating+toxin+produced+by+Aeromonas+hydrophila&rft.au=McCardell%2C+BA%3BMadden%2C+J+M%3BKothary%2C+M+H%3BSathyamoorthy%2C+V&rft.aulast=McCardell&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aeromonas hydrophila; toxins; CHO cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride in rats AN - 16994282; 3843359 AB - Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female rats were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm NaF daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic human exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of NaF ingested (0, 1.4. 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed Consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by NaF, despite the fact that the dams in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to NaF ingestion. At the doses given, NaF had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of NaF on the incidence of soft tissue variations. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Collins, TFX AU - Sprando, R L AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, MJ AU - Welsh, J J AU - Balmer, M F AU - Olejnik, N AU - Ruggles, DI AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., U.S. FDA, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 951 EP - 960 VL - 33 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - sodium fluoride KW - rats KW - fluoride KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - drinking water KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16994282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+sodium+fluoride+in+rats&rft.au=Collins%2C+TFX%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+MJ%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBalmer%2C+M+F%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BRuggles%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=TFX&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity; drinking water ER - TY - CONF T1 - The regulatory status of talc AN - 16987009; 3813819 AB - There is wide use of talc in FDA-regulated products: food and color additives, cosmetics, and medical devices. Safety concerns include open wounds/surgery-granulomas; asbestos contamination concerns; inhalation toxicity-chemical/aspiration pneumonia, pneumoconiosis (intense/prolonged exposure), lung cancer; ovarian cancer; and wide use of talc in consumer products. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Gilbertson, W E Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 230 EP - 232 VL - 21 IS - 2 KW - talc KW - granuloma KW - pneumonia KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - safety regulations KW - cancer KW - pneumoconiosis KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16987009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+regulatory+status+of+talc&rft.au=Gilbertson%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Gilbertson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CD26 expression correlates with entry, replication and cytopathicity of monocytotropic HIV-1 strains in a T-cell line AN - 16981801; 3821017 AB - Experiments to identify cell determinants involved in HIV-1 tropism revealed a specific decrease in the expression of the T-cell activation antigen CD26 after monocytotropic (M-tropic) but not T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic) virus infection of the PM1 T-cell line. The level of CD26 expression in single-cell clones of PM1 correlated with the entry rate and cytopathicity of M-tropic HIV-1 variants, resulting in preferential survival of cells with low CD26 levels after infection. Experiments with recombinant viruses showed that the third hypervariable region of the envelope gp120 plays an important role in this selection process. This study identifies CD26 as a key marker for M-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and suggests a mechanism for the early loss of CD26-expressing cells in HIV-1-infected individuals. JF - Nature Medicine AU - Oravecz, T AU - Roderiquez, G AU - Koffi, J AU - Wang, Jinhai AU - Ditto, M AU - Chequer Bou-Habib, D AU - Lusso, P AU - Norcross, MA AD - Div. Hematol. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, NIH, Build. 29B, Rm. 4E12, HFM-541, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 919 EP - 926 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1078-8956, 1078-8956 KW - CD26 antigen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - replication KW - lymphocytes T KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - cell lines KW - man KW - W3 33135:Diagnosis: Other KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06800:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16981801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=CD26+expression+correlates+with+entry%2C+replication+and+cytopathicity+of+monocytotropic+HIV-1+strains+in+a+T-cell+line&rft.au=Oravecz%2C+T%3BRoderiquez%2C+G%3BKoffi%2C+J%3BWang%2C+Jinhai%3BDitto%2C+M%3BChequer+Bou-Habib%2C+D%3BLusso%2C+P%3BNorcross%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Oravecz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Medicine&rft.issn=10788956&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes T; replication; man; cell lines; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Telemedicine in the U.S. army: case reports from Somalia and Croatia AN - 16948027; 189424 AB - Recent advances in information systems technology improved the abilities of U.S. Army physicians in Somalia and Croatia to obtain clinical consults from U.S. Army Medical Centers in Germany and Washington, D.C. Through commercial satellite transmission of voice, facsimile, and high-resolution still, digital images, the Remote Clinical Communications System (RCCS) has expanded the Army Medical Department's means to provide better healthcare to our armed forces. This paper describes the RCCS technology and illustrates, through specific case reports, how this telemedicine system helped the Army Medical Department accomplish its mission during overseas deployments. JF - Telemedicine Journal and e-Health AU - Crowther, J B AU - Poropatich, Ron AD - Office of the Surgeon General, Falls Church, VA, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 73 EP - 80 PB - MARY ANN LIEBERT INC. PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1078-3024, 1078-3024 KW - Remote clinical communication system KW - Digital imaging KW - Telemedicine systems KW - US army KW - Information technology KW - Speech communication KW - Facsimile KW - Health care KW - Military applications KW - Digital communication systems KW - Satellite communication systems KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 718.3:FACSIMILE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT KW - W4 404:CIVIL DEFENSE AND MILITARY ENGINEERING KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 751.5:SPEECH KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telemedicine+Journal+and+e-Health&rft.atitle=Telemedicine+in+the+U.S.+army%3A+case+reports+from+Somalia+and+Croatia&rft.au=Crowther%2C+J+B%3BPoropatich%2C+Ron&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Telemedicine+Journal+and+e-Health&rft.issn=10783024&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of multiple drug resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 16895865; 3805661 AB - The molecular mechanisms of resistance to streptomycin, rifampin, and isoniazid in 53 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were examined. Twenty-five of 44 streptomycin-resistant strains had mutations in the rpsL gene and 5 of these had rrs gene perturbations. The region of the rpoB gene that is associated with resistance to rifampin was altered in 28 of 29 rifampin-resistant strains. Mutations in known genetic markers of isoniazid resistance were detected in 25 of 42 isoniazid-resistant isolates: 20 strains had katG gene alterations and 5 had perturbations in the inhA operon. Of the 20 multiply resistant strains with reduced sensitivity to streptomycin, rifampin, and isoniazid, 11 had mutations in genetic markers associated with resistance to each of these three drugs. These studies suggest that the primary mechanism of multiple drug resistance in tuberculosis is the accumulation of mutations in individual drug target genes. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Morris, S AU - Bai, G H AU - Suffys, P AU - Portillo-Gomez, L AU - Fairchok, M AU - Rouse, D AD - CBER/FDA HFM-431, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 954 EP - 960 VL - 171 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - rpsL gene KW - rrs gene KW - rpoB gene KW - katG gene KW - inhA operon KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - tuberculosis KW - mutation KW - drug resistance KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - A 01065:Antimycobacterial KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16895865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+multiple+drug+resistance+in+clinical+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Morris%2C+S%3BBai%2C+G+H%3BSuffys%2C+P%3BPortillo-Gomez%2C+L%3BFairchok%2C+M%3BRouse%2C+D&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; drug resistance; mutation; tuberculosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interindividual differences in the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide in urine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in peripheral white blood cells after charbroiled beef consumption AN - 16889835; 3797619 AB - Biological markers of internal dose and macromolecular dose from PAHs provide a potential means of assessing environmental exposure to PAHs through inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption. In this study we examined the time course and interindividual variation of 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OHP-gluc) excretion in urine and PAH-DNA adduct formation in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) after charbroiled (CB) beef consumption. As a marker of internal dose, 1-OHP-gluc was measured in human urine using immunoaffinity chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. PAH-DNA adducts were measured in WBCs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to assess macromolecular dose. Ten healthy non-smoking males consumed identical amounts of CB beef on five consecutive days. Multiple blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after the feeding period. The morning after the first day of CB beef consumption, individual urinary concentrations of 1-OHP-gluc increased 10- to 80-fold (range: 2.0-16.6 pmol/ml urine) above prefeed baseline concentrations (0.23 plus or minus 0.11 pmol/ml) in the 10 subjects. 1-OHP-gluc concentration decreased to near baseline levels by 24-72 h after CB beef consumption ended. In contrast, PAH-DNA adducts in WBCs increased markedly in only four of 10 subjects during or after CB beef consumption. Significant interindividual variation was observed for both urinary 1-OHP-gluc concentration (P < 0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis) and PAH-DNA adduct levels (P < 0.005) during the feeding period. The mean urinary 1-OHP-gluc concentration for each subject during and immediately after (days 2-8) the feeding period was significantly correlated with their mean PAH-DNA adduct level in WBCs during the same time period (Spearman r = 0.79, P < 0.01). Evidence of segregation of the subjects into separate response groups based on level of urinary 1-OHP-gluc was observed, suggesting that discrete determinants may regulate the absorption, metabolism and/or excretion of ingested pyrene. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Kang, D H AU - Rothman, N AU - Poirier, M C AU - Greenberg, A AU - Hsu, CH AU - Schwartz, B S AU - Baser, ME AU - Groopman, J D AU - Weston, A AU - Strickland, P T AD - Hazard Eval. and Tech. Assist. Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1079 EP - 1085 VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - lymphocytes KW - beef KW - urine KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - man KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16889835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Interindividual+differences+in+the+concentration+of+1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide+in+urine+and+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-DNA+adducts+in+peripheral+white+blood+cells+after+charbroiled+beef+consumption&rft.au=Kang%2C+D+H%3BRothman%2C+N%3BPoirier%2C+M+C%3BGreenberg%2C+A%3BHsu%2C+CH%3BSchwartz%2C+B+S%3BBaser%2C+ME%3BGroopman%2C+J+D%3BWeston%2C+A%3BStrickland%2C+P+T&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts; urine; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; beef; lymphocytes; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of a cohort of U.S. workers employed in the crushed stone industry, 1940-1980 AN - 16886284; 3801733 AB - The mortality of 3,246 males who had been employed 1 or more years during 1940-1980 at 20 crushed stone operations was evaluated for possible association between employment and death from lung cancer, pneumoconiosis, and other respiratory diseases. Four deaths were attributed to pneumoconiosis. Based on available work histories, at least two of these deaths were probably due to dust exposures in the crushed stone industry. Mortality attributed to pneumoconiosis and other nonmalignant respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive lung disease, was significantly increased overall (SMR: 1.98; 95%CI: 1.21-3.05), and especially so for a subcohort of crushed stone workers that processed granite (SMR: 7.26; 95%CI: 1.97-18.59). With regard to lung cancer, overall SMRs were elevated (although not statistically significant). Analyzed by rock type, there was a significantly elevated lung cancer SMR among granite workers with at least 20 years latency (SMR: 3.35; 95%CI: 1.34-6.90). Although not definitive, results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to respirable silica dust is a risk factor for lung cancer. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Costello, J AU - Castellan, R M AU - Swecker, G S AU - Kullman, G J AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 625 EP - 640 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - lung cancer KW - respiratory diseases KW - granite KW - limestone KW - crushed stone KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - mining KW - occupational exposure KW - USA KW - dust KW - mortality KW - pneumoconiosis KW - H SI2.8.7:DUST KW - H SM10.24:PULMONARY DISEASES KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16886284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+a+cohort+of+U.S.+workers+employed+in+the+crushed+stone+industry%2C+1940-1980&rft.au=Costello%2C+J%3BCastellan%2C+R+M%3BSwecker%2C+G+S%3BKullman%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; occupational exposure; mortality; lung cancer; pneumoconiosis; respiratory diseases; limestone; mining; dust; respiratory tract diseases; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures to fibers and quartz at 19 crushed stone mining and milling operations AN - 16882710; 3801732 AB - From 1979 to 1982, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a cross-sectional exposure assessment and mortality study of selected crushed stone facilities in the United States. Nineteen crushed stone operations, mining limestone, granite, or traprock were surveyed to assess exposures to respirable and total dusts, mineral compounds including crystalline silica, asbestos, and mineral fibers. Asbestos fibers were detected at one traprock facility. Measured personal exposures to fibers exceeded the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for two out of 10 samples. All of the samples were below the MSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), which was in effect at the time of the survey. However, due to the presence of nonasbestos mineral fibers in the environment, it could not be stated with certainty that all of the fibers counted by phase contrast microscopy were asbestos. A variety of silicate mineral fibers (other than those classified by NIOSH as asbestos) were detected in the traprock operations and at one granite operation. Crystalline silica was detected at 17 of the 19 surveyed crushed stone operations. Overexposures to crystalline silica were measured at 16 of the crushed stone operations; approximately one in seven personal-respirable dust samples (14%) exceeded the MSHA PEL for crystalline silica. Approximately 25% of the respirable dust samples exceeded the NIOSH REL for crystalline silica. Mill operators and mill laborers consistently had the highest and most frequent overexposures to crystalline silica. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Kullman, G J AU - Greife, AL AU - Costello, J AU - Hearl, F J AD - Environ. Investig. Branch, Div. Respir. Dis. Stud., NIOSH/CDCP, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 641 EP - 660 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - quartz KW - crushed stone KW - limestone KW - granite KW - asbestos KW - silica KW - silicon dioxide KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - mining KW - occupational exposure KW - fibers KW - USA KW - dust KW - minerals KW - H SI2.8.7:DUST KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16882710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+to+fibers+and+quartz+at+19+crushed+stone+mining+and+milling+operations&rft.au=Kullman%2C+G+J%3BGreife%2C+AL%3BCostello%2C+J%3BHearl%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Kullman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; occupational exposure; fibers; mining; limestone; asbestos; dust; silica; minerals; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin and free radicals: Implications for the development of a safe blood substitute AN - 16880535; 3804040 AB - The two major concerns in the development of cell-free hemoglobin as a blood substitute (i.e. circulatory retention and oxygen delivery) have been resolved successfully by strategic chemical or genetic modification of the protein. However, the redox reactivity of hemoglobin and its impact on the physiological processes has not been fully understood, nor has it been subject to control by design. This article reviews current research into heme-mediated toxicities that potentially constitute serious impediments to the development of a usable blood substitute. JF - Molecular Medicine Today AU - Alayash, AI AU - Cashon, R E AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 29, Rm. B-10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 122 EP - 127 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1357-4310, 1357-4310 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - substitutes KW - hemoglobin KW - blood KW - free radicals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33390:Products: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16880535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Medicine+Today&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin+and+free+radicals%3A+Implications+for+the+development+of+a+safe+blood+substitute&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI%3BCashon%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Medicine+Today&rft.issn=13574310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; substitutes; hemoglobin; blood; free radicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biological monitoring method for o-toluidine and aniline in urine using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection AN - 16874685; 3792785 AB - A urinalysis method for o-toluidine and aniline was developed for biological monitoring. Urine specimens were made 4.7 M in sodium hydroxide and heated at 80 degree C for 2 hours to convert the metabolites acetanilide and N-acetyl-o-toluidine to the free amines. Extraction of the hydrolysate with butyl chloride and back extraction with 0.1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid gave an amine fraction, which was subjected to paired-ion reversed-phase liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. For o-toluidine and aniline, respectively, the average recovery was 91 and 100 percent, the precision for field specimens was 13 and 16 percent relative standard deviation, and the limit of detection was 0.6 and 1.4 mu g/L. This method was applied to 171 urine specimens from chemical plant workers. The median levels for o-toluidine were: exposed preshift, 11 mu g/L; exposed postshift, 65 mu g/L; nonexposed preshift, 0.7 mu g/L; nonexposed postshift, 2.6 mu g/L. For aniline the median levels were: exposed preshift, 11 mu g/L; exposed postshift, 23 mu g/L; nonexposed preshift, 2.0 mu g/L; nonexposed postshift, 3.2 mu g/L. The urinary levels of the two amines, especially o-toluidine, demonstrated significant uptake of the amines during the work shift and an accumulation of part of the dose with each passing work shift. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Brown, K K AU - Teass, A W AU - Simon, S AU - Ward, E M AD - Div. Biomed. and Behav. Sci., NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 557 EP - 565 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - chemical industry KW - bioindicators KW - aniline KW - amines KW - monitoring methods KW - o-toluidine KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - urine KW - electrochemistry KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H SI6.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16874685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=A+biological+monitoring+method+for+o-toluidine+and+aniline+in+urine+using+high+performance+liquid+chromatography+with+electrochemical+detection&rft.au=Brown%2C+K+K%3BTeass%2C+A+W%3BSimon%2C+S%3BWard%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical industry; occupational exposure; bioindicators; urine; amines; liquid chromatography; electrochemistry; monitoring methods; high-performance liquid chromatography; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracheal colonization factor: A Bordetella pertussis secreted virulence determinant AN - 16874361; 3799534 AB - We report here the identification of a virulence-associated factor, Tcf, (tracheal colonization factor), produced by strains of Bordetella pertussis but not Bordetella parapertussis or Bordetella bronchiseptica. This protein is encoded by the tcfA gene. When a strain of B. pertussis 18323 lacking this protein is used to infect mice with an aerosol challenge, the number of bacteria isolated from the tracheas is decreased 10-fold when compared with the parent 18323. The derived amino acid sequence of tcfA predicts a 68 kDa RGD-containing, proline-rich protein, which after cleavage of a typical prokaryotic signal sequence would be 64 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis demonstrates that the C-terminal 30 kDa of this protein shows 50% identity to the 30 kDa C-terminus of another Bordetella protein, the pertactin precursor. The N-terminal 34 kDa region contains the three amino-acid motif RGD and is 16.5% proline. Coupled in vitro transcription and translation analysis indicates that the tcfA gene product migrates as two bands of approximately 90 kDa. A fusion protein of the N-terminal, 34 kDa portion of Tcf to maltose-binding protein migrates, on SDS-PAGE, 30 kDa higher than expected from the combined molecular weights. Polyclonal antisera raised against the unique N-terminal portion of Tcf recognizes 90 kDa and 60 kDa bands in immunoblots of whole-cell lysates of strains of B. pertussis; it does not recognize any protein in whole-cell lysates of B. bronchiseptica or B. parapertussis. Supernatants of cultures of B. pertussis 18323 contain the 60 kDa form of the protein. Southern blot analysis of chromosomal DNA from strains of B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis, using a probe derived from tcfA, shows strong hybridization only to B. pertussis DNA. Thus, Tcf appears to be a unique virulence factor of B. pertussis. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Finn, T M AU - Stevens, LA AD - Lab. Pertussis, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892-0029, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 625 EP - 634 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0950-3827, 0950-3827 KW - Tcf protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - colonization factor KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - trachea KW - virulence KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16874361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Tracheal+colonization+factor%3A+A+Bordetella+pertussis+secreted+virulence+determinant&rft.au=Finn%2C+T+M%3BStevens%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=09503827&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; virulence; trachea; colonization factor ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Opportunities for the development and use of biomarkers AN - 16872060; 3792826 AB - Limitations in understanding the relationship between occupational and environmental exposures and disease present opportunities for using biological markers to fill gaps in knowledge. Three situations can be identified that could foster the development and use of biomarkers, where epidemiological evidence is (1) definitive, (2) equivocal, and (3) lacking. When there is clear epidemiological evidence of disease risk given an exposure, biomarkers could be used to identify high- and low-risk subsets of a cohort that might benefit from differential practices such as counseling about job risks, varying frequency and intensity of medical surveillance, and using protective equipment. Biomarkers could also be used to test the effectiveness of environmental controls. Assessment of blood lead in bridge workers and purified protein derivative (PPD) testing in health care workers illustrates biomarkers that have been used to evaluate control efforts. When epidemiological evidence is equivocal, a broad and consistent database on intermediate biomarkers in the path between exposure and disease could provide a compelling case as to whether a substance should be treated as hazardous. The case of ethylene oxide illustrates this situation: the epidemiological evidence of risk of lymphohematopoietic cancer is equivocal but there is an informative database on genetic and cytogenetic changes in various species consistent with carcinogenicity. Biomarker data also can be used to assist in the interpretation of inconclusive epidemiological information as is illustrated in the case of styrene where markers provide a mechanistic rationale for the epidemiologic findings. When there is little or no epidemiological evidence of risk in an exposure situation, such as around hazardous waste operations or with new technologies, biological markers can serve as early warning indicators of exposure or risk. In such cases it is important to have an underlying biological theory and an appropriate epidemiological study design if the principal results are to be of value in indicating risk and preventing disease. JF - Toxicology Letters. no. -29. 1995. AU - Schulte, P A A2 - Mutti, A A2 - Chambers, PL A2 - Chambers, CM (eds) Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 KW - biomarkers KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - pollution indicators KW - man KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16872060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Opportunities+for+the+development+and+use+of+biomarkers&rft.title=Opportunities+for+the+development+and+use+of+biomarkers&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender effects in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics AN - 16864341; 3788040 AB - There are a number of examples of sex differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Recent advances in the characterisation of specific isozymes involved in drug metabolism now allow for the preliminary identification of enzyme systems that are affected by sex. While current data are somewhat limited and not in complete agreement, the majority of studies show that apparent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity is higher in women than in men, whereas the activity of many other systems involved in drug metabolism may be higher in men than in women. Women and men also show different pharmacodynamic responses to a variety of drugs. While the clinical significance of these sex differences remains to be determined, we anticipate that they will be most important in the administration of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. In addition, sex differences in drug metabolism may be involved in the higher incidence of adverse reactions to drugs in women compared with men. Further research is needed to determine the scope and significance of these sex differences. Female-specific issues such as pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive use and menstruation may also have profound effects on drug metabolism. These effects can often be clinically important. Pregnancy may increase the elimination of antiepileptic agents, reducing their efficacy. Oral contraceptive use can interfere with the metabolism of many drugs and, conversely, certain drugs can impair contraceptive efficacy. More research is needed to determine the impact of menopause, hormone replacement and menstruation on drug therapy. JF - Drugs AU - Harris, R Z AU - Benet, L Z AU - Schwartz, J B AD - FDA, Div. Biopharm., CDER/ORR/PKB1, 5600 Fishers La., Rm 13B-16, HFD426, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 223 EP - 239 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0012-6667, 0012-6667 KW - sex differences KW - pharmaceuticals KW - drug metabolism KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - reviews KW - gender KW - pharmacokinetics KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16864341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs&rft.atitle=Gender+effects+in+pharmacokinetics+and+pharmacodynamics&rft.au=Harris%2C+R+Z%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BSchwartz%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs&rft.issn=00126667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; pharmacokinetics; side effects; gender; sex differences; pharmaceuticals; drug metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Written patient information on prescription drugs AN - 16854172; 3782775 AB - This paper describes the evolution of written patient information on prescription drugs, FDA's patient package insert proposal and its revocation before its implementation in the early 1980s, the status of voluntary and government efforts since that time, and a review of current trends in this area. The burgeoning practice of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs in the lay press is viewed within the context of these efforts. This paper also reviews the current developments in certain FDA-regulated consumer products - over-the-counter drug labeling and nutrition labeling. The current state of patient information in the United States is reviewed in light of programs to improve prescription drug counseling, and current research in this area is discussed. JF - International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care AU - Nightingale, S L AD - U.S. FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 399 EP - 409 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0266-4623, 0266-4623 KW - written patient information KW - FDA KW - consumer industry KW - warning labels KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - drugs KW - government programs KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Technology+Assessment+in+Health+Care&rft.atitle=Written+patient+information+on+prescription+drugs&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Technology+Assessment+in+Health+Care&rft.issn=02664623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; drugs; government programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constitutive expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat gene inhibits interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor expression in a human CD4 super(+) T lymphoid (H9) cell line AN - 16846929; 3781581 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) tat, a trans-activator of the HIV long terminal repeat, is essential for HIV replication and causes inhibition of antigen-mediated T cell proliferation. To understand the mechanism of inhibition of T cell proliferation, we have investigated the regulation of IL-2 production and its receptor expression on a human CD4 super(+) T lymphoid cell line (H9) transfected with HIV-1 tat gene. When cells were activated by mitogens, as compared to control cells, a significant decrease in both IL-2 mRNA and protein was observed in tat-transfected cells. Similarly, mitogen-induced IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta mRNA and surface expression of IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta chains were also significantly decreased in tat-transfected cells compared to control cells. Only IL-2 receptor density was decreased; the affinity of the ligand for the receptor appeared to be unchanged. In contrast to our previous studies with B-lymphoblastoid cell line (Puri RK and Aggarwal BB: Cancer Res 1992; 52:3787-3790), IL-4R expression was unaltered by HIV tat transfection in the H9 T cell line, indicating a cell type-specific phenomenon. Owing to the central role of IL-2 in immunoregulation, our data suggest that immunosuppressive effects of HIV-1 tat may be mediated at least in part through the inhibition of both IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Puri, R K AU - Leland, P AU - Aggarwal, B B AD - Lab. Mol. Tumor Biol. Div. Cellular and Gene Therapies CBER, FDA, NIH, Building 29A, Rm. 2B23 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 31 EP - 40 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - CD4 antigen KW - tat gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - transfection KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - inhibition KW - lymphoid tissue KW - gene expression KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16846929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Constitutive+expression+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+tat+gene+inhibits+interleukin+2+and+interleukin+2+receptor+expression+in+a+human+CD4+super%28%2B%29+T+lymphoid+%28H9%29+cell+line&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BLeland%2C+P%3BAggarwal%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - interleukin 2; transfection; inhibition; lymphoid tissue; gene expression; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA policy on the use of databases for nutrition labeling AN - 16845181; 3779814 AB - Mandatory nutrition labeling has generated a greater interest in creating and using databases for regulatory compliance. JF - Food Technology AU - Scarbrough, F E AU - Bender, M M AD - Off. Food Label., FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 142 EP - 145 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0015-6639, 0015-6639 KW - FDA KW - labeling KW - consumer industry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - nutrition KW - food KW - data bases KW - compliance KW - federal regulations KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16845181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Technology&rft.atitle=FDA+policy+on+the+use+of+databases+for+nutrition+labeling&rft.au=Scarbrough%2C+F+E%3BBender%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Scarbrough&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Technology&rft.issn=00156639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - federal regulations; compliance; nutrition; food; data bases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-dependent humoral responses of children to mycobacterial antigens AN - 16841024; 3771503 AB - In the United States, disseminated infection with environmental mycobacteria, including the Mycobacterium avium complex, is the most common opportunistic bacterial infection seen in AIDS patients. However, the source and relative degree of exposure to environmental mycobacteria during childhood are unknown. To examine the age-related exposure to mycobacteria, we obtained serum samples from 150 children ranging in age from 6 months to 18 years. Each sample was tested against both M. avium (serovar 1) sonic extracts and mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All serum samples were also subjected to immunoblot analysis with the sonic extract antigen. These studies established that elevated ELISA values (P < 0.0001) and increased immunoblot reactivity (P < 0.0001) against mycobacterial antigens were both associated with increasing age. The seroreactivity differences were most striking when comparing the age groups of children below the age of 6 with the older age groups. Our results suggest that the development of humoral immune responses to mycobacterial antigens in children correlates with increasing age and that there may be an environmental factor predisposing to mycobacterial exposure which is related to advancing age. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Fairchok, M P AU - Rouse, J H AU - Morris, S L AD - Div. Bact. Prod., HFM-431, CBER, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 443 EP - 447 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - age KW - children KW - immune response (humoral) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16841024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Age-dependent+humoral+responses+of+children+to+mycobacterial+antigens&rft.au=Fairchok%2C+M+P%3BRouse%2C+J+H%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Fairchok&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium; immune response (humoral); children; age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of interleukin 4- and interleukin 6-secreting cells by HIV-specific synthetic peptides AN - 16838319; 3781588 AB - Peptides were synthesized in which the type-specific determinant of the V3 loop region of gp120 (SP10) was expressed C terminal to a conserved T helper epitope (T1) on the same molecule. These T1-SP10 peptides can stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The current work used a novel approach to study the nature and specificity of the response elicited by these peptides. Cytokine-specific ELIspot assays were used to examine the number, kinetics and fine specificity of cells induced to secrete IL-4 and IL-6 in mice immunized with T1-SP10 peptides. Results indicate that the peptides activated cytokine-secreting cells in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. In vitro restimulation experiments demonstrated that both the SP10 and T1 regions contributed to this activation. Consistent with previous studies, mice sequentially immunized with peptides expressing different V3 loop regions generated B cell responses that were larger and more cross-reactive than those induced by a single peptide. Sequential immunizations had less effect on the number or specificity of the cytokine-producing cells. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Klinman, D M AU - Haynes, B F AU - Conover, J AD - Build. 29A, Rm. 3 D 10, Div. Viral Products, CBER/FDA Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 97 EP - 106 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - interleukin 6 KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - interleukin 4 KW - peptides KW - immune response (humoral) KW - splenocytes KW - activation KW - F 06773:Interferons KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Activation+of+interleukin+4-+and+interleukin+6-secreting+cells+by+HIV-specific+synthetic+peptides&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BHaynes%2C+B+F%3BConover%2C+J&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - interleukin 6; interleukin 4; peptides; immune response (humoral); splenocytes; activation; human immunodeficiency virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adjuvanticity and protective immunity elicited by Bordetella pertussis antigens encapsulated in poly(DL-lactide-Co-Glycolide) microspheres AN - 16834131; 3776903 AB - Purified Bordetella pertussis antigens, encapsulated in biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLG) microspheres, were evaluated for their immunogenicity and ability to elicit a protective immune response against B. pertussis respiratory infection. Microencapsulated pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin all retained their immunogenicity when administered parenterally. Intranasal immunization with a low dose (1 mu g) of encapsulated filamentous hemagglutinin, pertussis toxoid, or pertactin elicited strong specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibody responses in respiratory secretions that were greater in magnitude than the responses elicited by the same doses of unencapsulated antigen. Intranasal immunization with as little as 1 mu g of encapsulated pertussis antigen prior to infection reduced the bacterial recovery by 3 log sub(10) CFU. However, intranasal immunization with the same low doses of unencapsulated antigens did not reduce infection. Intranasal administration of a combination of 1 mu g of each of the microencapsulated pertussis antigens was more effective in reducing bacterial infection than administration of any single microencapsulated antigen. Intranasal administration of microencapsulated B. pertussis antigens elicits high levels of specific antibody coinciding with protection against infection when these microspheres are administered to the respiratory tract. These data provide evidence of the respiratory adjuvanticity of three different DL-PLG microsphere preparations, each of which contains a unique B. pertussis antigen. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Shahin, R AU - Leef, M AU - Eldridge, J AU - Hudson, M AU - Gilley, R AD - FDA/CBER HFM-434, Build. 29, Rm. 414, 29 Lincoln Dr. MSC 4555, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1195 EP - 1200 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - poly(DL-lactide-Co-glycolide) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - vaccines KW - immunity KW - encapsulation KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16834131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Adjuvanticity+and+protective+immunity+elicited+by+Bordetella+pertussis+antigens+encapsulated+in+poly%28DL-lactide-Co-Glycolide%29+microspheres&rft.au=Shahin%2C+R%3BLeef%2C+M%3BEldridge%2C+J%3BHudson%2C+M%3BGilley%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shahin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; immunity; encapsulation; Bordetella pertussis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic stability and mutant selection in Sabin 2 strain of oral poliovirus vaccine grown under different cell culture conditions AN - 16831936; 3771581 AB - Mutations that consistently accumulated in the attenuated Sabin 2 strain of poliovirus during propagation in cell cultures were identified by sequence heterogeneity assay and quantified by mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC). Eight additional sites previously identified in stool isolates were also examined by MAPREC in the virus passages. The pattern of selectable mutations and the rate of their accumulation depended on the type and confluence of the cell culture and the temperature of virus growth. Five unstable genomic sites were identified in Sabin 2 virus passaged 10 times at 34 degree in African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells, with the mutations accumulating in the range 1 to 24%. Accumulation of these mutations did not appear to result in a loss of attenuated phenotype since the virus passaged under these conditions passed the monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT). The content of the 481-G revertant known to be related to neurovirulence in monkeys did not increase. Thus, our results suggest that upon growth of Sabin 2 virus in AGMK cells at 34 degree , the key determinant(s) of attenuation remained stable, and the mutations that occurred did not affect monkey neurovirulence. In virus passaged 10 times at 37 degree in AGMK cells, 4 unstable genomic sites were identified, in some of them accumulating up to 12% of the mutants. This virus sample severely failed the MNVT. Virus passaged in Vero cells at 34 and 37 degree accumulated mutants at 7 and 14 genomic sites, respectively, including 481-G in both cases, with almost complete substitution of the original nucleotides at some of the sites. We tested 44 commercial monopools of Type 2 OPV and found out that all of them contained 481-G revertants in the range 0.4-1.1%. An increase in the 481-G revertants in passaged viruses to the level of 4% and above correlated with failure of these samples by the MNVT. Since the pattern of selectable mutations differed in viruses grown in the two cell cultures used in this study, specific mutation profiles should be determined for each cell substrate used for vaccine production to assess manufacturing consistency. JF - Virology AU - Taffs, R E AU - Chumakov, K M AU - Rezapkin, G V AU - Lu, Z AU - Douthitt, M AU - Dragunsky, E M AU - Levenbook, I S AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, HFM-255, 1401 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 366 EP - 373 VL - 209 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - cell proliferation KW - poliovirus KW - neurovirulence KW - accumulation KW - mutants KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16831936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Genetic+stability+and+mutant+selection+in+Sabin+2+strain+of+oral+poliovirus+vaccine+grown+under+different+cell+culture+conditions&rft.au=Taffs%2C+R+E%3BChumakov%2C+K+M%3BRezapkin%2C+G+V%3BLu%2C+Z%3BDouthitt%2C+M%3BDragunsky%2C+E+M%3BLevenbook%2C+I+S&rft.aulast=Taffs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; cell proliferation; neurovirulence; accumulation; mutants; poliovirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of the promoter for the ptl genes of Bordetella pertussis, which encode proteins essential for secretion of pertussis toxin AN - 16830840; 3772689 AB - The ptl locus of Bordetella pertussis, which encodes proteins necessary for the secretion of pertussis toxin into the extracellular medium, is located directly downstream from the ptx locus, which encodes the structural subunits of the toxin. We have found that the ptx promoter is essential for expression of the ptl genes. A strain of B. pertussis which lacked only the ptx promoter region but which retained all other portions of the ptx-ptl region did not produce PtlF. Moreover, insertion of a functional ptx promoter from B. pertussis at the 5' end of the ptx region of Bordetella bronchiseptica resulted in the production of PtlF in B. bronchiseptica, a species which normally does not produce PtlF. These results suggest that the ptx operon is larger than originally proposed and contains both the ptx and ptl genes. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Kotob, SI AU - Hausman, S Z AU - Burns, D L AD - FDA/CBER/HFM-434, Build. 29, Rm. 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3227 EP - 3230 VL - 63 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - ptl gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - toxins KW - pertussis KW - promoters KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16830840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Localization+of+the+promoter+for+the+ptl+genes+of+Bordetella+pertussis%2C+which+encode+proteins+essential+for+secretion+of+pertussis+toxin&rft.au=Kotob%2C+SI%3BHausman%2C+S+Z%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kotob&rft.aufirst=SI&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; promoters; pertussis; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution, metabolism and excretion of pentachloroanisole in the beagle dog and miniature pig AN - 16829522; 3773441 AB - Tissue distribution, excretion and metabolism studies of pentachloroanisole (PCA), an environmental metabolite of pentachlorophenol (PCP), were conducted in the beagle dog and miniature pig following single oral doses (25 mg/kg) of radiolabelled PCA. PCA was readily demethylated by both species, with a half-life of 5-8 min. The resultant PCP was the major metabolite in dogs and pigs. In the dog, an average of 21.9% of the administered radiolabel was excreted in the urine and 62.3% in the faeces during a 7-day period. Of the tissues analysed, an average of 3.2% of the radiolabel remained in the liver, and blood and muscle accounted for averages of 3.0 and 2.3%, respectively, of the dose. Free and conjugated PCP were found in the urine of dogs; no PCA or tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCH) were found. In dog faeces, PCP and a trace of polar material were observed; no PCA was excreted in dog faeces. In the miniature pig, an average of 25.8% of the administered radiolabel was excreted in the urine and 32.0% in the faeces during a 2-wk period. An average of 4.4% of the radiolabel was found in the liver, 8.8% in the blood, 7.1% in the muscle and 6.4% in the fat. In pig urine, PCP and conjugated PCP were the only metabolites observed; no PCA or TCH was found. Pig faeces contained a trace of unchanged PCA; PCP and polar metabolites were also found. Since pig tissues retained a sizeable residue 2 wk after a single dose of PCA, various agents were used in an attempt to decrease the tissue level of radiolabel in pigs; anion exchange resin was found to be the most effective. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Ikeda, G J AU - Sapienza, P P AD - Pharmacokinetics and Metab. Branch, Div. Toxicol. Res., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 8501 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 409 EP - 421 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - pentachloroanisole KW - dogs KW - pigs KW - phencyclidine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Distribution%2C+metabolism+and+excretion+of+pentachloroanisole+in+the+beagle+dog+and+miniature+pig&rft.au=Ikeda%2C+G+J%3BSapienza%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Occupational Health Survey of Mining Query System AN - 16825766; 3765330 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a project called the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (NOHSM) from 1984 to 1989. The NOHSM consisted of 491 mine surveys. The mines were selected so as to be statistically representative of the entire U.S. mining industry. At each mine, NIOSH employees obtained data regarding occupational hygiene programs, potential exposure to chemical and physical agents, and bulk dust samples. The NOHSM survey data have been automated in the NOHSM Query System. This system allows queries to be processed against the data collected during the NOHSM survey. The NOHSM Query System was developed to be user friendly so that end-users can process their own queries against the NOHSM data. This was accomplished by making the system key driven with on-line help, and simplifying the query formulation process by minimizing the selections. There are two steps in formulating a query. Step one is deciding which data to retrieve or how to retrieve the data (selection criteria). Step two is deciding what information to view once the query is processed (output variables). After the NOHSM Query System was developed, NIOSH began work on an integrated system called the National Occupational Health Information System (NOHIS). JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Hale, J M AU - Groce, D W AU - Hearl, F J AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., M.S. 121, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 274 EP - 282 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - NOHSM KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - mining KW - USA KW - dust KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI2.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=National+Occupational+Health+Survey+of+Mining+Query+System&rft.au=Hale%2C+J+M%3BGroce%2C+D+W%3BHearl%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; mining; occupational exposure; dust; information systems; data bases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene exposure assessment in rubber hydrochloride workers: A critical evaluation of previous estimates AN - 16825564; 3773486 AB - Many risk assessments for leukemia associated with benzene exposure have been based on the mortality experience of the rubber hydrochloride worker cohort. Although there have been several different historical exposure assessments proposed for this cohort, Paustenbach et al. [1992, J Tox Environ Health], recently published a new historical characterization of benzene exposures based on data previously developed by Rinsky et al. [1981, Am J Ind Med] and further modified by Crump and Allen [1984: OSHA]. Adjustments by Paustenbach et al. in the Rinsky et al. data result in retrospective benzene exposure estimates far greater than those previously reported, by an order of magnitude in many cases. Judgments made on the significance of dermal contact and interpretation of historical measurement data led Paustenbach et al. to arrive at exposure estimates for this cohort that are in conflict with what is known about the adverse effects of benzene exposure. More reasonable estimates for dermal absorption are included in this report that do not substantially affect total estimates of benzene exposure for the cohort. The exposure estimates originally presented in the Rinsky et al. article appear in concordance with data not previously reported in any analyses. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Utterback, D F AU - Rinsky, R A AD - U.S. Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval., and Field Stud., U.S. DHHS, CDCP, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 661 EP - 676 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - rubber products KW - benzene KW - rubber KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - historical account KW - leukemia KW - risk assessment KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H SI2.28:RUBBER FACTORIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Benzene+exposure+assessment+in+rubber+hydrochloride+workers%3A+A+critical+evaluation+of+previous+estimates&rft.au=Utterback%2C+D+F%3BRinsky%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Utterback&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rubber products; occupational exposure; benzene; leukemia; historical account; risk assessment; rubber; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for epidemiological study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during a food-borne outbreak AN - 16825030; 3768596 AB - Food and patient isolates from an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with undercooked ground beef were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Shiga-like toxin genotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the epidemiologically implicated source of the two-state outbreak and differentiated between outbreak and sporadic strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Johnson, J M AU - Weagant, S D AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Bryant, J L AD - Seattle District Lab., FDA, Bothell, WA 98041, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2806 EP - 2808 VL - 61 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - food poisoning KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - epidemiology KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16825030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis+for+epidemiological+study+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+during+a+food-borne+outbreak&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+M%3BWeagant%2C+S+D%3BJinneman%2C+K+C%3BBryant%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; epidemiology; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; food poisoning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved rapid technique for isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods AN - 16823630; 3768903 AB - A newly revised enrichment and agar-plating system was tested for selectivity and sensitivity in recovery of unstressed and cold-stressed Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods. Various foods inoculated with known levels of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) were tested by enrichment for 6 h at 37 degree C in modified tryptic soy broth (mTSB) base supplemented with vancomycin, cefsulodin and cefixime, referred to as EHEC enrichment broth (EEB). Subsequently, portions were spread-plated on sorbitol-MacConkey agar supplemented with tellurite and cefixime (TCSMAC). Further selective enrichment was also examined using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) from the EEB prior to spread-plating on TCSMAC agar. These methods were compared to a procedure of enrichment in mTSB (supplemented with novobiocin) at 37 degree C for 24 h followed by spread-plating of decimal dilutions on hemorrhagic colitis 4-methylumbelliferyl-B-D-glucuronide (HC-MUG) agar. The new enrichment isolation technique was found to be sensitive at a level of one EHEC organism per 10 g of food in four food types. This represents an approximate 100-fold to 1,000-fold enhancement in sensitivity over the comparative method for foods with high levels of competitive microflora. These enrichment-isolation protocols also were compared in analysis of naturally contaminated raw or undercooked ground beef samples implicated in foodborne illness. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Weagant, S D AU - Bryant, J L AU - Jinneman, K G AD - Seattle District Lab., U.S. FDA, Bothell, WA 98041, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 7 EP - 12 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sampling methods KW - meat KW - sampling KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - food contamination KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16823630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=An+improved+rapid+technique+for+isolation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+from+foods&rft.au=Weagant%2C+S+D%3BBryant%2C+J+L%3BJinneman%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Weagant&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; food contamination; sampling methods; meat; sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety counseling in children and adolescents AN - 16822696; 3768904 AB - Each year in the United States, childhood injuries cause 16 million emergency room visits, 600,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths. These injury deaths exceed childhood deaths from all other causes combined. Almost half of injury deaths are due to motor vehicle crashes, including occupant, bicycle and pedestrian injuries. Other leading causes of unintentional childhood injury are drowning, burns and scalds, choking, firearms, falls, poisoning and participation in sports. Many of these injuries are preventable. Certain children are at high risk of injury and should be targeted by clinicians: boys, children with previous serious injuries and children in families with low income, young mothers and significant stressors. Among adolescents, alcohol use is an important risk factor for injuries of many types. JF - American Family Physician Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 429 EP - 433 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - socioeconomics KW - children KW - USA KW - injuries KW - alcohol KW - adolescents KW - mortality KW - public health KW - H SM9.20:CHILDHOOD INJURIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Safety+counseling+in+children+and+adolescents&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Family+Physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; children; adolescents; public health; injuries; mortality; alcohol; socioeconomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of mortality in the construction industry in the United States, 1984-1986 AN - 16822020; 3765321 AB - We analyzed occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 19 U.S. states to evaluate mortality risks among men and women usually employed in construction occupations. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for cancer and several other chronic diseases were significantly elevated among 61,682 white male construction workers who died between 1984 and 1986. Men younger than age 65, who were probably still employed immediately prior to death, had significantly elevated PMRs for cancer, asbestos-related diseases, mental disorders, alcohol-related disease, digestive diseases, falls, poisonings, traumatic fatalities that are usually work-related, and homicides. Elevated PMRs for many of the same causes were observed to a lesser degree for black men and white women whose usual industry was construction. In addition, women experienced excess cancer of the connective tissue and suicide mortality. Various skilled construction trades had elevated PMRs for specific sites, such as bone cancer and melanoma in brickmasons, stomach cancer in roofers and brickmasons, kidney and bone cancer in concrete/terrazzo finishers, nasal cancer in plumbers, pulmonary tuberculosis in laborers, scrotal cancer and aplastic anemia in electricians, acute myeloid leukemia in boilermakers, rectal cancer and multiple sclerosis in electrical power installers, and lung cancer in structural metal workers. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Robinson, C AU - Stern, F AU - Halperin, W AU - Venable, H AU - Petersen, M AU - Frazier, T AU - Burnett, C AU - Lalich, N AU - Salg, J AU - Sestito, J AU - Fingerhut, M AD - Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval. and Field Stud., MSR-18 NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 49 EP - 70 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - construction industry KW - occupational health KW - asbestos KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - diseases KW - occupational exposure KW - statistical analysis KW - USA KW - mortality KW - cancer KW - H SI1.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16822020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+mortality+in+the+construction+industry+in+the+United+States%2C+1984-1986&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C%3BStern%2C+F%3BHalperin%2C+W%3BVenable%2C+H%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BFrazier%2C+T%3BBurnett%2C+C%3BLalich%2C+N%3BSalg%2C+J%3BSestito%2C+J%3BFingerhut%2C+M&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; construction industry; mortality; occupational health; cancer; diseases; statistical analysis; occupational exposure; asbestos; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of exposure databases in disease surveillance and occupational epidemiology AN - 16821672; 3765453 AB - Occupational exposure databases are crucial tools in the field of occupational safety and health, yet researchers often do not realize their full potential. Exposure data can be used in many capacities, including risk assessment, disease surveillance, and evaluation of risk management policies and programs. Exposure data are also extremely useful in occupational epidemiology for discovering causal associations and dose-response relationships. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has used exposure data to target specific worker populations at risk for disease and injury and to target industries for the development of control technology. NIOSH uses its National Occupational Hazard Survey, National Occupational Exposure Survey, and National Occupational Health Survey of Mining, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, and NIOSHTIC bibliographic database, along with various external databases, as sources for exposure data. The assessment of exposure data is essential in identifying the causes of disease and in developing ways to prevent it. However, in order to use exposure data for the prevention of occupational disease and injury, the occupational safety and health community must use it more aggressively. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Lemen, R A AD - NIOSH, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 400 EP - 401 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - data bases KW - epidemiology KW - chemicals KW - diseases KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Role+of+exposure+databases+in+disease+surveillance+and+occupational+epidemiology&rft.au=Lemen%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lemen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; data bases; epidemiology; diseases; chemicals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health general industry occupational exposure databases: Their structure, capabilities, and limitations AN - 16821656; 3765310 AB - The passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 resulted in increased concern for the safety and health of workers in the United States. Early in 1971, a Hazard and Disease Task Force, formed by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, identified a need for more detailed information on the distribution of potential exposures of employees in industries regulated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act to chemical and physical hazards. To address this need, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted two major national surveys as part of its hazard surveillance program. The first, conducted in 1972-1974, was called the National Occupational Hazard Survey. The second, conducted in 1981-1983, was called the National Occupational Exposure Survey. Each survey employed a stratified probability sample, and collected observational data on potential direct workplace exposures and also exposure to tradenamed products. Completed nearly a decade apart, the databases developed from these two surveys permit the identification of potential exposures by industry and occupational group. The database developed from the National Occupational Exposure Survey has the added advantage of providing gender information. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Greife, A AU - Young, R AU - Carroll, M AU - Sieber, W K AU - Pedersen, D AU - Sundin, D AU - Seta, J AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., M.S. R-19, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 264 EP - 269 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - classification KW - data banks KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - legislation KW - data bases KW - gender KW - information systems KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SI0.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+general+industry+occupational+exposure+databases%3A+Their+structure%2C+capabilities%2C+and+limitations&rft.au=Greife%2C+A%3BYoung%2C+R%3BCarroll%2C+M%3BSieber%2C+W+K%3BPedersen%2C+D%3BSundin%2C+D%3BSeta%2C+J&rft.aulast=Greife&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; data bases; gender; information systems; legislation; classification; data banks; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetracycline resistance by bacteria in response to oxytetracycline-contaminated catfish feed AN - 16820269; 3766334 AB - During an investigation of the development of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, a feed contaminated with oxytetracycline was inadvertently used. Tetracycline-resistant gram-negative bacteria were not detected in channel catfish intestinal contents (96%). High resistance (>99%) was also observed in fish intestinal bacteria after 7 d of fish feeding. During the remaining 21 d without feeding, bacterial densities and tetracycline resistance remained high in the aquarium water. Although 50 bacterial isolates from feed were tetracycline resistant, differences in species composition from aquarium isolates suggested that the feed was not the source of resistant bacteria in the aquarium. Oxytetracycline was found in two of the three lots of one brand of feed but not in two lots of another brand. Oxytetracycline residues in the feed used in this experiment ranged from 311 to 355 mu g/g. The presence of antibiotic contamination in feeds may increase bacterial resistance, thus raising health concerns for humans and fish. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - DePaola, A AD - U.S. FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 155 EP - 160 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - antibiotics KW - bacterial diseases KW - contamination KW - fish culture KW - fish diseases KW - tetracycline KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - disease control KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Pisces KW - bacteria KW - drug resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - A 01094:Tetracyclines KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16820269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Tetracycline+resistance+by+bacteria+in+response+to+oxytetracycline-contaminated+catfish+feed&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antibiotics; fish diseases; fish culture; bacteria; drug resistance; disease control; bacterial diseases; contamination; Pisces; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA regulatory aspects of food irradiation AN - 16818117; 3760809 AB - The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requires that a food that has been irradiated may not be sold in the United States unless the Department of Health and Human Services finds that the food is safe and issues a regulation specifying safe conditions of irradiation. This presentation briefly outlines the types of information needed to issue an authorizing regulation, describes the conditions under which food may currently be irradiated, and discusses the basis for current regulations. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Pauli, G H AU - Tarantino, L M AD - Div. Prod. Policy, FDA, HFS 205, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 209 EP - 212 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - FDA KW - federal regulations KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - radiation KW - irradiation KW - legislation KW - USA KW - food KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16818117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=FDA+regulatory+aspects+of+food+irradiation&rft.au=Pauli%2C+G+H%3BTarantino%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Pauli&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; food; irradiation; federal regulations; legislation; radiation; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell elongation factor of Vibrio hollisae AN - 16816538; 3764134 AB - The halophilic bacterium Vibrio hollisae, isolated from patients with diarrhea, produces an extracellular toxin which elongates Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We purified this toxin to homogeneity by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200, hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and affinity chromatography. The toxin is heat labile and sensitive to proteases, with an isoelectric point of about 6.5 and molecular weights of about 83,000 and 80,000, as estimated by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The toxin did not react with immunoaffinity-purified antibodies to cholera toxin in a plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in a Western blot, and its activity could not be neutralized by anti-cholera toxin serum. Mixed gangliosides and gangliosides G sub(M1), G sub(D1a), G sub(D1b), G sub(q1b), G sub(T1b), G sub(D2), G sub(D3), G sub(M2), and G sub(M3) failed to block its activity. Elongation of CHO cells induced by the toxin was not accompanied by an increase in the levels of cyclic AMP. The toxin induced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice. These results and the lack of homology between V. hollisae DNA and DNA coding for cholera toxin or the heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli suggest that the V. hollisae toxin is structurally and functionally different from other CHO cell-elongating toxins. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Kothary, M H AU - Claverie, E F AU - Miliotis, MD AU - Madden, J M AU - Richardson, SH AD - Div. Virulence Assess. (HFS-327), U.S. FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2418 EP - 2423 VL - 63 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - elongation factors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - CHO cells KW - Vibrio hollisae KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cell+elongation+factor+of+Vibrio+hollisae&rft.au=Kothary%2C+M+H%3BClaverie%2C+E+F%3BMiliotis%2C+MD%3BMadden%2C+J+M%3BRichardson%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Kothary&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio hollisae; CHO cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of initiation and promotion potential of deoxynivalenol for skin tumorigenesis in Sencar mice AN - 16811179; 3761553 AB - The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON; vomitoxin) was tested for its potential to initiate or promote skin tumours through a two-stage treatment regimen in female Sencar mice. DON's capability for initiation was tested by applying a single topical dose (200 mu g) followed by multiple treatments of the promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The test for promotion involved initiation with the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) followed by multiple DON treatments (50 mu g). Appropriate control groups were included in the study design. Mice were observed for 26 wk and skin tumours were counted. Results of the study showed that DON was not an initiator or a promoter. When DON was tested as an initiator, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of cumulative tumours or the number of tumour-bearing mice between the DON-initiated/PMA-promoted group and its control, the vehicle-initiated/PMA-promoted group. When DON was administered as a promoter, no tumours were observed. Histopathology of the skin revealed that DON induced a mild diffuse squamous hyperplasia, but there was no progression of the lesion to neoplasia. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Lambert, LA AU - Hines, F A AU - Eppley, R M AD - Cosmet. Toxicol. Branch, Div. Sci. and Appl. Technol., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., U.S. FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - vomitoxin KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium KW - carcinogenicity KW - promoters KW - skin KW - initiation KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16811179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lack+of+initiation+and+promotion+potential+of+deoxynivalenol+for+skin+tumorigenesis+in+Sencar+mice&rft.au=Lambert%2C+LA%3BHines%2C+F+A%3BEppley%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; skin; mycotoxins; promoters; initiation; carcinogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Programmed cell death and mutation induction in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to m-amsa AN - 16804458; 3754476 AB - One role of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is the removal of cells with DNA damage from the population. Certain cells, however, are able to suppress the signals for apoptotic cell death and maintain viability. This suggests that the susceptibility of a cell to either undergo apoptosis or escape from the apoptotic death pathways may be an important factor in chemical mutagenesis. In order to provide insight into the role of apoptosis in the recovery of chemically induced mutants, AHH-1 cells were exposed to the chromosomal mutagen, m-amsa, and the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis or necrosis quantified by flow cytometry. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the primary manner of cell death was by apoptosis. Two specific-locus mutations assays, the tk and the hprt, were utilized as markers for cells with DNA damage and that retained clonogenicity under conditions known to induce apoptosis. Analysis of variance indicated that the concentration-dependent increase in the mutant fraction at the tk locus was significant and the result of the recovery of clones with the slow-growth phenotype. Because this phenotype is thought to reflect chromosomal mutations, these results are consistent with the survival and clonogenicity of damaged cells. This suggests that the ability to recover mutant cells may be influenced by the suppression of or an escape from the apoptotic death pathways. JF - Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis AU - Morris, S M AU - Domon, O E AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Chen, J J AU - Casciano, DA AD - Div. Genet. Toxicol., DHHS, U.S. Public Health Serv., FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 79 EP - 96 VL - 329 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - amsacrine KW - tk gene KW - hprt gene KW - DNA damage KW - apoptosis KW - cell death KW - lymphoblastoid cell lines KW - man KW - mutation KW - Human Genome Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16804458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Programmed+cell+death+and+mutation+induction+in+AHH-1+human+lymphoblastoid+cells+exposed+to+m-amsa&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=329&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell death; mutation; lymphoblastoid cell lines; apoptosis; DNA damage; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis AN - 16803299; 3753041 AB - Genetic and biochemical studies have suggested a link between reduced catalase activity and resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of resistance to isoniazid with six in vitro mutants of the M. tuberculosis complex (Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis). Five of six mutants resistant to isoniazid were negative by catalase assays. Immunoblot analyses using a polyclonal antibody against the katG gene product (catalase-peroxidase) demonstrated that the enzyme is not produced in four of these isoniazid-resistant strains. A complete deletion of the katG gene was detected in only one of these isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis complex strains by Southern blot analyses. In two other resistant strains, partial deletions of the katG gene were identified. A point mutation which resulted in the insertion of a termination codon in the katG coding sequence caused a catalase-negative phenotype in a fourth strain. Of the two resistant strains which produce the enzyme, one was shown to be negative by a catalase assay. Single-stranded conformational polymorphism and DNA sequence analyses identified a mutation in the katG gene of this strain which may contribute to reduced enzymatic activity and subsequent isoniazid resistance. These data demonstrate that genetic alterations to the katG gene other than complete deletions are prevalent and may contribute significantly to the number of cases of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Rouse, DA AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobact., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1427 EP - 1433 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - isoniazid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - drug resistance KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - A 01065:Antimycobacterial KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+isoniazid+resistance+in+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+and+Mycobacterium+bovis&rft.au=Rouse%2C+DA%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; drug resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reevaluation of the effectiveness of environmental designs to reduce robbery risk in Florida convenience stores AN - 16802585; 3750064 AB - Prevention of intentional injuries to convenience store workers has focused on prevention of robbery. Data from a cross-sectional study of the effectiveness of environmental designs to deter robbery in Florida convenience stores were reanalyzed in order to determine the effect of confounding from local crime risk factors and other environmental designs on robbery rate. Results of this reanalysis were applied to a review of the literature. Of 14 store design factors and 5 local crime risk factors considered, concealed access/escape routes, cash register located at the back or the side of the store, high county crime rate, and high county population size were significantly associated with increased robbery rate. Poor cash handling policy was significantly related to a decreased robbery rate. Results also indicated that local crime factors and some environmental designs confound the relationship between other environmental designs and robbery rate. Conclusions from this reanalysis indicated that studies of the effectiveness of environmental designs to deter robbery must adjust for confounding. Although environmental design tends to be an effective robbery deterrent strategy, results from studies have been inconsistent as to the effectiveness of specific design factors. This inconsistency is partially explained by lack of adjustment for confounding from local crime risk factors and multiple environmental design factors. Areas for further research are discussed. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Amandus, HE AU - Hunter, R D AU - James, E AU - Hendricks, S AD - Anal. and Field Eval. Branch, NIOSH Div. Saf. Res., 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 711 EP - 717 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - crime KW - convenience stores KW - safety engineering KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - injuries KW - USA, Florida KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H SI0.11:SAFETY ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16802585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Reevaluation+of+the+effectiveness+of+environmental+designs+to+reduce+robbery+risk+in+Florida+convenience+stores&rft.au=Amandus%2C+HE%3BHunter%2C+R+D%3BJames%2C+E%3BHendricks%2C+S&rft.aulast=Amandus&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Florida; injuries; occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating drug quality observations AN - 16802524; 3753029 AB - This paper describes the Food and Drug Administration's surveillance of the quality of prescription and nonprescription drug products distributed in the United States. It addresses a system to obtain voluntary reports, then evaluate and investigate reported observations. It also stresses the need to quickly communicate this information throughout the agency reviewing divisions, field investigation offices, and to the respective pharmaceutical firms to mitigate any potential public health hazards. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Bolger, G AU - Reinstein, P AU - Tate, T AD - DQRS, HFD-737, FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 563 EP - 569 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - legislation KW - USA KW - safety regulations KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16802524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Communicating+drug+quality+observations&rft.au=Bolger%2C+G%3BReinstein%2C+P%3BTate%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; safety regulations; legislation; government policies; pharmaceuticals; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proportionate mortality among construction laborers AN - 16797284; 3753522 AB - This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses and proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) analyses among the 11,685 members of the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), who died between 1985-1988, using U.S. proportionate mortality rates as the comparison population. Statistically significant elevated mortality risks were observed for all malignant neoplasms, as well as for site-specific neoplasms of the lung, stomach, and thyroid gland. The PCMRs for these malignant neoplasms were elevated among both white and non-white males, regardless of length of union membership, in most 10-year categories of age at death above 40 and for the three largest LIUNA regions examined. The study also observed 20 mesothelioma deaths, which indicated that some LIUNA members had been previously exposed to asbestos. Statistically significant elevated risks were also observed for deaths from transportation injuries. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Stern, F AU - Schulte, P AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M AU - Vossenas, P AU - Burkhardt, G AU - Kornak, M-F AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., MS-R15, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 485 EP - 509 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - asbestos KW - statistical analysis KW - occupational health KW - construction industry KW - injuries KW - mortality KW - cancer KW - H SI1.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16797284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Proportionate+mortality+among+construction+laborers&rft.au=Stern%2C+F%3BSchulte%2C+P%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M%3BVossenas%2C+P%3BBurkhardt%2C+G%3BKornak%2C+M-F&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction industry; mortality; injuries; asbestos; cancer; occupational health; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and work-relatedness of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome among U.S. workers: Analysis of the Occupational Health Supplement data of 1988 National Health Interview Survey AN - 16796210; 3753510 AB - To estimate the prevalence and work-relatedness of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among U.S. workers, data from the Occupational Health Supplement of 1988 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. Among 127 million "recent workers" who worked during the 12 months prior to the survey, 1.47% (95% CI: 1.30; 1.65), or 1.87 million self-reported CTS, and 0.53% (95% CI: 0.42; 0.65), or 675,000, stated that their prolonged hand discomfort was called CTS by a medical person. Occupations with the highest prevalence of self-reported CTS were mail service, health care, construction, and assembly and fabrication. Industries with the highest prevalence were food products, repair services, transportation, and construction. The risk factor most strongly associated with medically called CTS was exposure to repetitive bending/twisting of the hands/wrists at work (OR=5.2), followed by race (OR=4.2; whites higher than nonwhites), gender (OR=2.2; females higher than males), use of vibrating hand tools (OR=1.8), and age (OR=1.03; risk increasing per year). This result is consistent with previous reports in that repeated bending/twisting of the hands and wrists during manual work is etiologically related to occupational carpal tunnel syndrome. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Tanaka, S AU - Wild, D K AU - Seligman, P J AU - Halperin, W E AU - Behrens, V J AU - Putz-Anderson, V AD - NIOSH, Mail Stop R-21, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 451 EP - 470 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - hand injuries KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - ethnic groups KW - statistical analysis KW - ergonomics KW - occupational health KW - age KW - carpal tunnel syndrome KW - gender KW - H SM9.24:HAND INJURIES KW - H SI0.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+work-relatedness+of+self-reported+carpal+tunnel+syndrome+among+U.S.+workers%3A+Analysis+of+the+Occupational+Health+Supplement+data+of+1988+National+Health+Interview+Survey&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+S%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BSeligman%2C+P+J%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BBehrens%2C+V+J%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carpal tunnel syndrome; occupational health; ethnic groups; gender; age; ergonomics; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of heated bacterial spores with fluid thioglycollate and soybean casein digest broths containing variable concentrations of solids AN - 16792954; 3752131 AB - Spore suspensions of Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953, 10149, 12980), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus subtilis var. niger (ATCC 9372), Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 27142, and a wild strain) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) were heated (20 min at 121 degree C for thermophiles, and 2.5-20 min at 100 degree C, 105 degree C, or 107 degree C for mesophiles) in 1 ml sealed ampoules. Surviving spores were recovered by a 5-tube most probable number (MPN) procedure with soybean casein digest (SCD) or fluid thioglycollate (FTH) broths containing variable concentrations of solids. Numbers of heated thermophilic spores (ATCC 7953) recovered with SCD broths were approximately 1.5 log MPN/ml higher at the 100% broth solids concentration than numbers recovered with FTH broth. Increasing the solids of SCD broth to twice the recommended amount (200%) reduced recovery of heated thermophilic spores compared to regular (100%) strength broth. Recovery of heated thermophilic spores with SCD or FTH broths was higher (P 0.05) influence recovery of heated mesophilic spores compared to SCD broth with regular concentration of solids. Broths with reduced as well as regular concentrations of solids were equally effective in recovering unheated spores. These results should be useful in future modifications of methodology for sterility testing. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kallander, K D AU - Romer, J C AU - Sofos, J N AU - Kreuzer, K S AU - Singleton, E R AD - FDA, Denver Dist. Lab., Denver Fed. Cent., Build. 20, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 421 EP - 425 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - thioglycollic acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - heat treatments KW - media (isolation) KW - spores KW - thermophilic bacteria KW - bacteria KW - mesophilic bacteria KW - Bacillus KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16792954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+heated+bacterial+spores+with+fluid+thioglycollate+and+soybean+casein+digest+broths+containing+variable+concentrations+of+solids&rft.au=Kallander%2C+K+D%3BRomer%2C+J+C%3BSofos%2C+J+N%3BKreuzer%2C+K+S%3BSingleton%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Kallander&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus; bacteria; spores; media (isolation); heat treatments; thermophilic bacteria; mesophilic bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of oxytetracycline-medicated feed on antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria in catfish ponds AN - 16789729; 3746927 AB - The effect of oxytetracycline-medicated feeds on antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria from fish intestines and water in catfish ponds was investigated. In experiments in the fall and spring, using ponds with no previous history of antibiotic usage, percentages of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in catfish intestines obtained from medicated ponds increased significantly after 10 days of treatment. In the fall, resistance of the intestinal and aquatic bacteria returned to pretreatment levels within 21 days after treatment. In the spring, resistance declined after treatment but remained higher than pretreatment levels for at least 21 days in intestinal bacteria and for 5 months in aquatic bacteria. Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Citrobacter freundii were isolated frequently in both spring and fall; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Edwardsiella tarda, and Enterobacter spp. were isolated primarily in the spring. Oxytetracycline treatment did not affect the distribution of bacterial species in the fall but may have accelerated a shift toward greater prevalence of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the spring. Multiple antibiotic resistance did not appear to be elicited by oxytetracycline treatment. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - DePaola, A AU - Peeler, J T AU - Rodrick, GE AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2335 EP - 2340 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - antibiotics KW - feed composition KW - feeds KW - gram-negative bacteria KW - intestines KW - oxytetracycline KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrobacter freundii KW - Enterobacter KW - Aeromonas hydrophila KW - Freshwater KW - fish ponds KW - ponds KW - Plesiomonas shigelloides KW - bacteria KW - Escherichia coli KW - drug resistance KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - Q1 08201:General KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - Q4 27300:Microorganisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+oxytetracycline-medicated+feed+on+antibiotic+resistance+of+gram-negative+bacteria+in+catfish+ponds&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BPeeler%2C+J+T%3BRodrick%2C+GE&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antibiotics; ponds; bacteria; intestines; drug resistance; feed composition; fish ponds; feeds; gram-negative bacteria; Plesiomonas shigelloides; Citrobacter freundii; Escherichia coli; Enterobacter; Aeromonas hydrophila; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroxyl radical generation by coal mine dust: Possible implication to coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) AN - 16776363; 3734942 AB - Occupational exposure to coal mine dust causes coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and other pulmonary diseases by mechanisms that remain unclear. Because the hydroxyl radicals (OH) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CWP, we studied the potential role of bituminous coal mine dust samples for catalyzing the generation of OH from hydrogen peroxide (H sub(2)O sub(2)). These coal mine dusts evaluated represented two geographic areas with diversity in CWP prevalence. Electron spin resonance (ESR), with the aid of spin trapping techniques, was used to measure the OH radical generation. Bituminous coal mine dusts representing the Pittsburgh seam in the eastern United States and Blind Canyon seam in the mid-western United States were used together with a standard coal dust obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. All the coal mine dust samples generated varying levels of OH radicals from H sub(2)O sub(2) in the presence of a OH spin trap 5,5,-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). super( times )OH radical generation by the coal from H sub(2)O sub(2) was effectively inhibited by deferoxamine and catalase, but only partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Metal chelators DETAPAC and EDTA enhanced the radical generation. These results indicated that the Fenton reaction is predominantly involved in the generation of OH radicals from H sub(2)O sub(2). The OH-generating potential of all the coal dusts showed a positive correlation with the surface iron content of coal mine dusts. In addition, the potential to induce lipid peroxidation by the coal samples exhibited a good correlation with the available surface iron. Based on the results presented here, we propose that higher concentrations of surface iron in coal mine dust may be involved in the generation of increased levels of OH radicals and may play an important role in the development of CWP in different coal mining areas. JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Dalal, N S AU - Newman, J AU - Pack, D AU - Leonard, S AU - Vallyathan, V AD - NIOSH Pathol. Sect., 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS 211, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 11 EP - 20 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - coal dust KW - hydroxyl KW - free radicals KW - occupational hazards KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mining KW - coal KW - occupational exposure KW - dust KW - pneumoconiosis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SI2.20:COAL INDUSTRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16776363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hydroxyl+radical+generation+by+coal+mine+dust%3A+Possible+implication+to+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis+%28CWP%29&rft.au=Dalal%2C+N+S%3BNewman%2C+J%3BPack%2C+D%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pneumoconiosis; coal; mining; dust; occupational exposure; coal dust; free radicals; occupational hazards; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partial attenuation of hydroxyurea-induced embryotoxicity by deoxyribonucleotides in mouse and rat embryos treated in vitro AN - 16771316; 3733750 AB - Hydroxyurea (HU) is a well known developmental toxicant in all animal species tested. It inhibits DNA synthesis, and addition of deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) has been shown previously to attenuate the developmental toxicant effects of HU in vivo. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether addition of deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP) or dCMP would attenuate HU-induced embryotoxicity using a rodent whole embryo culture system. Rat embryos were removed on the morning of day 10 of gestation, and mouse embryos were removed on day 8 of gestation (day 0 = the day a vaginal plug was found). Embryos were treated with various concentrations of HU (up to 500 mu g/ml) for 1 hr at 37 degree C before being washed and cultured for 43 hr in rat serum containing dAMP or dCMP. At the end of the culture period, six endpoints were evaluated for each viable embryo: morphological score; number of somite pairs; crown-rump and head lengths, DNA and protein contents. HU (300 mu g/ml) significantly decreased values for all endpoints in embryos from both mice and rats; however, mouse embryos appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of the drug. dAMP and dCMP alone produced some embryotoxicity at high concentrations. The combination of HU + dAMP had no consistent beneficial effect in rat embryos and no effect on mouse embryos. The combination of HU + dCMP improved growth and development slightly. As determined by HPLC analysis, HU treatment (300 mu g/ml for 1 hr) decreased all nucleotide pools. Subsequent treatment with dAMP increased all pool levels, although these levels remained below those of control embryos. These results suggest that the developmental toxicant effects of HU are not due solely to alterations in deoxyribonucleotide pool levels. JF - Toxicology In Vitro AU - Hansen, D K AU - Grafton, T F AU - Cross AU - James, S J AD - Div. Reprod. and Dev. Toxicol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, DHHS, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 11 EP - 19 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - hydroxyurea KW - deoxyadenosine monophosphate KW - deoxycytidine monophosphate KW - mice KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - embryos KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16771316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.atitle=Partial+attenuation+of+hydroxyurea-induced+embryotoxicity+by+deoxyribonucleotides+in+mouse+and+rat+embryos+treated+in+vitro&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F%3BCross%3BJames%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - embryos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brucella abortus conjugated with a gp120 or V3 loop peptide derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 induces neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies, and the V3-B. abortus conjugate is effective even after CD4 super(+) T-cell depletion AN - 16770097; 3740623 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with loss of function and numbers of CD4 super(+) T-helper cells. In order to bypass the requirement for CD4 super(+) cells in antibody responses, we have utilized heat-inactivated Brucella abortus as a carrier. In this study we coupled a 14-mer V3 loop peptide (V3), which is homologous to 9 of 11 amino acids from the V3 loop of HIV-1 MN, and gp120 from HIV-1 SF2 to B. abortus [gp120(SF2)-B. abortus]. Our results showed that specific antibody responses, dominated by immunoglobulin G2a in BALB/c mice, were induced by these conjugates. Sera from the immunized mice bound native gp120 expressed on the surfaces of cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus gp160 vector (VPE16). Sera from mice immunized with gp120(SF2)-B. abortus inhibited binding of soluble CD4 to gp120, whereas sera from mice immunized with V3-B. abortus were ineffective. Sera from mice immunized with either conjugate were capable of blocking syncytium formation between CD4 super(+) CEM cells and H9 cells chronically infected with the homologous virus. Sera from mice immunized with gp120(SF2)-B. abortus were more potent than sera from mice immunized with V3-B. abortus in inhibiting syncytia from heterologous HIV-1 laboratory strains. Importantly, in primary and secondary responses, V3-B. abortus evoked anti-HIV MN antibodies in mice depleted of CD4 super(+) cells, and sera from these mice were able to inhibit syncytia. These findings indicate that B. abortus can provide carrier function for peptides and proteins from HIV-1 and suggest that they could be used for immunization of individuals with compromised CD4 super(+) T-cell function. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Golding, B AU - Inman, J AU - Highet, P AU - Blackburn, R AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Blyveis, N AU - Angus, R D AU - Golding, H AD - Lab. Plasma Deriv., Div. Hematol., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pk., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 3299 EP - 3307 VL - 69 IS - 6 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - immunization KW - neutralization KW - conjugation KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Brucella abortus KW - immune response (humoral) KW - syncytia KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16770097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Brucella+abortus+conjugated+with+a+gp120+or+V3+loop+peptide+derived+from+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+type+1+induces+neutralizing+anti-HIV+antibodies%2C+and+the+V3-B.+abortus+conjugate+is+effective+even+after+CD4+super%28%2B%29+T-cell+depletion&rft.au=Golding%2C+B%3BInman%2C+J%3BHighet%2C+P%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BBlyveis%2C+N%3BAngus%2C+R+D%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunization; neutralization; conjugation; immune response (humoral); syncytia; human immunodeficiency virus 1; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homogentisic acid is the primary precursor of melanin synthesis in Vibrio cholerae, a Hyphomonas strain, and Shewanella colwelliana AN - 16768491; 3729370 AB - The enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase (HPPH) is involved in pigmentation (pyomelanin) via homogentisic acid (HGA). Pyomelanin formation is correlated with HGA production and expression of HPPH in three disparate marine species: Vibrio cholerae, a Hyphomonas strain, and Shewanella colwelliana. Induction of pigmentation in V. cholerae 569B by nutrient limitation also correlated with production of HGA. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kotob, SI AU - Coon, S L AU - Quintero, E J AU - Weiner, R M AD - Lab. Pertussis, Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., Build. 29, Rm. 416, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1620 EP - 1622 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - homogentisic acid KW - melanin KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - pigments KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - bacteria KW - physiology KW - Shewanella colwelliana KW - Hyphomonas KW - marine organisms KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - J 02724:Pigments and vitamins KW - Q4 27420:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16768491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Homogentisic+acid+is+the+primary+precursor+of+melanin+synthesis+in+Vibrio+cholerae%2C+a+Hyphomonas+strain%2C+and+Shewanella+colwelliana&rft.au=Kotob%2C+SI%3BCoon%2C+S+L%3BQuintero%2C+E+J%3BWeiner%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Kotob&rft.aufirst=SI&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1620&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pigments; physiology; bacteria; marine organisms; Vibrio cholerae; Shewanella colwelliana; Hyphomonas; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid tolerance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli AN - 16765046; 3737285 AB - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains were tested for their ability to survive in acid pH at 37 degree C. No loss of viability was observed in an O157:H7 EHEC strain (ATCC 43895) at pH levels of 3.0 and 2.5 for at least 5 h. The level of acid tolerance of most EHEC isolates was very high, similar to that of Shigella flexneri strains. The acid tolerance was dependent on the growth phase and pH of the growth medium. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Benjamin, M M AU - Datta, A R AD - Div. Mol. Biol. Res. Eval. (HFS-237), U.S. FDA, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1669 EP - 1672 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Shigella flexneri KW - Escherichia coli KW - intestine KW - survival KW - acidity KW - pH KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Acid+tolerance+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Benjamin%2C+M+M%3BDatta%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Shigella flexneri; pH; survival; acidity; intestine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trifluoroacetylation potentiates the humoral immune response to halothane in the guinea pig AN - 16751721; 3726830 AB - Halothane hepatitis appears to result from an inappropriate immune response to the products of halothane metabolism. Attempts to produce an animal model for halothane hepatitis have been largely unsuccessful. Although guinea pigs produce neoantigens following treatment with halothane, the subsequent antibody response is weak, possibly accounting for the failure to produce halothane hepatitis in these animals. In order to increase the antibody response to halothane neoantigens, three methods for trifluoroacetylating proteins were used. Guinea pigs were either treated with S-ethylthiotrifluoroacetate, autologous lymphocytes trifluoroacetylated ex vivo, or immunized with trifluoroacetylated mycobacterial protein, followed by exposure to halothane, and examined for anti-halothane metabolite antibodies (anti-TFA antibodies). Animals treated with S-ethylthiotrifluoroacetate developed anti-TFA antibodies, and following exposure to halothane exhibited an enhanced antibody response. Treatment with trifluoroacetylated lymphocytes also resulted in an enhanced anti-TFA antibody response following halothane exposure. Immunization with trifluoroacetylated mycobacterial proteins resulted in very high anti-TFA antibody titers. However, subsequent exposure to halothane had no observable effect on specific antibody titers. Exposure to halothane, regardless of treatment, resulted in the production of anti-microsomal protein antibodies. Signs of halothane hepatitis were not observed, indicating that enhancement of the humoral immune response does not appear to be sufficient for production of halothane hepatitis. JF - Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology AU - Hastings, K L AU - Thomas, C AU - Brown AU - Gandolfi, A J AD - Div. Antiviral Drug Prod., Cent. Drug Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 201 EP - 213 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0892-3973, 0892-3973 KW - halothane KW - guinea-pigs KW - trifluoroacetyl hapten KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - animal models KW - immune response (humoral) KW - hepatitis KW - F 06020:Other KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16751721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunopharmacology+and+Immunotoxicology&rft.atitle=Trifluoroacetylation+potentiates+the+humoral+immune+response+to+halothane+in+the+guinea+pig&rft.au=Hastings%2C+K+L%3BThomas%2C+C%3BBrown%3BGandolfi%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunopharmacology+and+Immunotoxicology&rft.issn=08923973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immune response (humoral); hepatitis; animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A systemic exposure-based alternative to the maximum tolerated dose for carcinogenicity studies of human therapeutics AN - 16749726; 3726139 AB - A systemic exposure-based alternative to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for high-dose selection in carcinogenicity studies for human therapeutics was accepted at the Second International Conference on Harmonization (ICH-2). The systemic exposure-based alternative to the MTD is suitable for nongenotoxic compounds with low rodent toxicity that are metabolized similarly in rodents and humans. This is the first product of an evaluation of current standards for rodent carcinogenicity studies of therapeutics. The relative systemic exposure is the ratio of the rat plasma area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) at the MTD/human plasma AUC at the maximum recommended daily dose. An appropriate systemic exposure ratio for high-dose selection in carcinogenicity studies was empirically derived from the distribution of systemic exposure ratios attained by 35 compounds from 11 therapeutic categories in a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database. Approximately one-third achieved a relative systemic exposure ratio <1 and two-thirds attained an exposure ratio of 10 or less, at the MTD. A systemic exposure ratio of at least 25 was accepted for high-dose selection in carcinogenicity studies at ICH-2. This ratio is high enough to detect all compounds with positive studies in the FDA database and would detect IARC 1 and 2A carcinogenic drugs. A ratio of 25 exceeds the systemic exposure ratio attained by 75% of drugs tested at the MTD in the FDA database and represents an adequate margin of safety which can be attained by a significant proportion of drugs. JF - Journal of the American College of Toxicology AU - Contrera, J F AU - Jacobs, A C AU - Prasanna, H R AU - Mehta, M AU - Schmidt, W J AU - De George, J AD - Off. Res. Resour., HFD-400, U.S. FDA, Cent. Drug Eval. and Res. (CDER), 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0730-0913, 0730-0913 KW - maximum tolerated dose KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - dosimetry KW - toxicity testing KW - carcinogenicity KW - drugs KW - man KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16749726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+systemic+exposure-based+alternative+to+the+maximum+tolerated+dose+for+carcinogenicity+studies+of+human+therapeutics&rft.au=Contrera%2C+J+F%3BJacobs%2C+A+C%3BPrasanna%2C+H+R%3BMehta%2C+M%3BSchmidt%2C+W+J%3BDe+George%2C+J&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=07300913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogenicity; man; drugs; toxicity testing; dosimetry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among Navajo uranium miners AN - 16744907; 3718937 AB - To update mortality risks for Navajo uranium miners, a retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted of 757 Navajos from the cohort of Colorado Plateau uranium miners. Findings were consistent with those from previous studies. Twenty-three years after their last exposure to radon progeny, these light-smoking Navajo miners continue to face excess mortality risks from lung cancer and pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Roscoe, R J AU - Deddens, JA AU - Salvan, A AU - Schnorr, T M AD - NIOSH R-21, Robert A. Taft Lab., 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 535 EP - 540 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Navajos KW - uranium KW - radon KW - respiratory diseases KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - mining KW - radiation KW - USA, Colorado Plateau KW - mortality KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H SI2.9.1:RADIATION HAZARDS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16744907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+Navajo+uranium+miners&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+R+J%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BSalvan%2C+A%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Colorado Plateau; mining; uranium; occupational exposure; mortality; radon; respiratory diseases; radiation; respiratory tract diseases; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of P-450 in workers exposed to dioxin AN - 16743511; 3718774 AB - The authors' objectives were to examine the effects of occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on cytochrome P-4501A2 activity in a cross sectional medical survey. The exposed workers had been employed at two chemical plants > 15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and its derivatives. We found weak non-significant associations between P-4501A2 activity and increased serum TCDD among workers. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Halperin, W AU - Kalow, W AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Tang, B K AU - Fingerhut, M AU - Timpkins, B AU - Wille, K AD - Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval., and Field Stud., NIOSH, Cent. Dis. Control and Prey, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 86 EP - 91 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - TCDD KW - cytochrome P450 KW - chemical industry KW - dioxin KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI6.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Induction+of+P-450+in+workers+exposed+to+dioxin&rft.au=Halperin%2C+W%3BKalow%2C+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BTang%2C+B+K%3BFingerhut%2C+M%3BTimpkins%2C+B%3BWille%2C+K&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; TCDD; chemical industry; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges in international harmonization AN - 16740565; 3721922 AB - This paper covers the challenges that regulatory agencies face with regard to international harmonization. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) process, while very successful, has raised a number of tissues that must be dealt with. Trade agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) raise other issues. The FDA's international activities, as well as its resources and priorities, are described. Examples of FDA challenges currently being dealt with are provided. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Nightingale, S L AD - FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rm. 1536, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - Ford and Drug administration KW - International Conference on Harmonization KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - international standards KW - legislation KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Challenges+in+international+harmonization&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - international standards; legislation; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of erythema in hairless guinea pigs after cutaneous sulfur mustard vapor exposure by pretreatment with niacinamide, promethazine and indomethacin AN - 16737341; 3720212 AB - Erythema is the initial symptom that occurs after sulfur mustard (HD) cutaneous exposure. The time course of HD-induced erythema is similar to that observed after UV irradiation, which can be reduced by indomethacin. Sulfur mustard lethality is decreased by using promethazine, which is an antihistamine. Niacinamide can reduce microvesication after HD vapor exposure in hairless guinea pig (HGP) skin. The present study examines the effect of the combined administration of niacinamide, indomethacin and promethazine used alone or in all possible combinations on the degree of erythema and histopathologic skin damage after HD exposure in HGP. Niacinamide (750 mg/kg, i.p.), promethazine (12.5 mg/kg, i.m.) or indomethacin (4 mg/kg, p.o.) used singly or in combination was given as a 30-min pretreatment before an 8-min HD vapor cup skin exposure. Using a combination pretreatment of niacinamide, promethazine and indomethacin, erythema was reduced at 4 (91%) and 6 (55%) h, but not 24 h after HD. The incidence of histopathological skin changes (microvesicles, follicular involvement, epidermal necrosis, intracellular edema and pustular epidermatitis) 24 h after HD was not reduced. This study indicates that HD-induced erythema may result from several different mechanisms, including inflammation, histamine release and DNA damage. It is suggested that two phases of inflammation may occur: an early phase sensitive to antihistamines and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and a late phase of extensive cell damage that was not sensitive to these drug pretreatments. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Yourick, J J AU - Dawson, J S AU - Mitcheltree, L W AD - U.S. FDA, Cosmetics Toxicol. Branch HFS-128, 8301 Muirkird Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 133 EP - 138 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - guinea-pigs KW - sulfur mustard KW - niacinamide KW - promethazine KW - indomethacin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - erythema KW - inflammation KW - skin KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16737341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+erythema+in+hairless+guinea+pigs+after+cutaneous+sulfur+mustard+vapor+exposure+by+pretreatment+with+niacinamide%2C+promethazine+and+indomethacin&rft.au=Yourick%2C+J+J%3BDawson%2C+J+S%3BMitcheltree%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Yourick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erythema; skin; inflammation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of a mixture of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a Mycobacterium strain PYR-1 AN - 16728894; 3715704 AB - Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1, which was previously shown to mineralize several individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), simultaneously degraded phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in a six-component synthetic mixture. Chrysene was not degraded significantly. When provided with a complex carbon source, Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 degraded greater than 74% of the total PAH mixture during 6 d of incubation. Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 appeared to preferentially degrade phenanthrene. No significant difference in degradation rates was observed between fluoranthene and pyrene. Anthracene degradation was slightly delayed but, once initiated, proceeded at a constant rate. Benzo[a]pyrene was degraded slowly. Degradation of a crude mixture of benzene-soluble PAHs from contaminated sediments resulted in a 47% reduction of the material in 6 d compared with that of autoclaved controls. Experiments using an environmental microcosm test system indicated that mineralization rates of individual super(14)C-labeled compounds were significantly lower in the mixtures than in equivalent doses of these compounds alone. Mineralization of the complete mixture was estimated conservatively to be between 49.7 and 53.6% and was nearly 50% in 30 d of incubation when all compounds were radiolabeled. These results strengthen the argument for the potential application of Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 for bioremediation of PAH-contaminated wastes. JF - Journal of Soil Contamination AU - Kelley, I AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 77 EP - 91 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8337, 1058-8337 KW - soil remediation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - bioremediation KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - microbiology KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16728894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+a+mixture+of+high-molecular-weight+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+by+a+Mycobacterium+strain+PYR-1&rft.au=Kelley%2C+I%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.issn=10588337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; soil remediation; bioremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; microbiology; hydrocarbons; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of pneumoconiosis and its relationship to dust exposure in a cohort of U.S. bituminous coal miners and ex-miners AN - 16725328; 3708780 AB - Information on radiographic evidence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is presented for a group of 3,194 underground bituminous coal miners and ex-miners examined between 1985 and 1988. Prevalence of CWP was related to estimated cumulative dust exposure, age, and rank of coal. On the basis of these data, miners of medium to low rank coal, who work for 40 years at the current federal dust limit of 2 mg/m super(3), are predicted to have a 1.4% risk of having progressive massive fibrosis on retirement. Higher prevalences are predicted for less severe categories of CWP. Miners in high rank coal areas appear to be at greater risk than those mining medium and low rank coals. Ex-miners who said that they left mining for health-related reasons had higher levels of abnormality compared to current miners. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Attfield, MD AU - Seixas, N S AD - Div. Resp. Dis. Stud., NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 137 EP - 151 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mining KW - coal KW - occupational exposure KW - lung KW - dust KW - pneumoconiosis KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure KW - H SI2.20:COAL INDUSTRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16725328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+pneumoconiosis+and+its+relationship+to+dust+exposure+in+a+cohort+of+U.S.+bituminous+coal+miners+and+ex-miners&rft.au=Attfield%2C+MD%3BSeixas%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dust; pneumoconiosis; coal; occupational exposure; lung; mining; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case reports: Epidemic eye and upper respiratory irritation in poultry processing plants AN - 16722091; 3705338 AB - Case studies conducted at six poultry processing plants by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and state health departments revealed that processors and inspectors experienced acute eye and upper respiratory irritation associated with their work. The most frequently reported symptoms were burning, watery eyes; sneezing; stuffy, runny nose; and cough. Other symptoms included blurred vision, light sensitivity, sore throat, headache, and nausea. Occasionally symptoms became so severe that inspectors and workers refused to continue working. Although prevalence data were often not collected, greater than 90 percent of the workers reported having symptoms in the hanging, evisceration, and inspection areas at one plant. These outbreaks were all associated with problems or changes in the plants' water chlorination and super-chlorination processes. The inception of complaints at three of the plants was closely associated with the switch to chloramination as a method of disinfection by the local water supply companies. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Weber, A AU - Echt, A AD - Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval., and Field Stud., NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 43 EP - 49 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - food processing industry KW - occupational health KW - respiratory pathology KW - poultry KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - food processing KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - water supplies KW - chlorination KW - occupational exposure KW - eye KW - epidemiology KW - disinfection KW - H SE4.27:FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16722091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Case+reports%3A+Epidemic+eye+and+upper+respiratory+irritation+in+poultry+processing+plants&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BWeber%2C+A%3BEcht%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food processing industry; occupational health; eye; respiratory pathology; water supplies; disinfection; epidemiology; chlorination; occupational exposure; poultry; respiratory tract diseases; food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimized virus binding for tests of barrier materials AN - 16709551; 3710282 AB - Viruses are used to test the barrier properties of materials. Binding of virus particles during passage through holes in the material may yield misleading test results. The choices of challenge virus and suspending medium may be important for minimizing confounding effects that might arise from such binding. In this study, different surrogate viruses, as well as different support media, were evaluated to determine optimal test parameters. Two membranes with high-binding properties (nitrocellulose and cationic polysulfone) were used as filters to compare binding activities of different surrogate challenge viruses (MS2, phi X174, T7, PRD1, and phi 6) in different media. The media consisted of buffered saline with surfactants, serum, or culture broth as additives. In addition, elution rates of viruses that bound to the membranes were determined. The results suggest that viruses can bind by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, with phi X174 displaying the lowest level of binding by either process. The nonionic detergents Triton X-100 and Tween 80 (0.1%) equally minimized hydrophobic interactions. Neither anionic nor cationic surfactants were as effective at nontoxic levels. Serum was effective at reducing both hydrophobic and electrostatic binding, with 2% being sufficient for eliminating binding under our test conditions. Thus, phi X174 remains the best choice as a surrogate virus to test barrier materials, and Triton X-100 (0.1%) remains a good choice for reducing hydrophobic binding. In addition, binding of viruses by barrier materials is unlikely to prevent passage of blood-borne pathogens. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Routson, L B AD - HFZ-112, Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 643 EP - 649 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - barriers KW - penetration KW - viruses KW - W2 32250:Others KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16709551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Minimized+virus+binding+for+tests+of+barrier+materials&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BRoutson%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barriers; penetration; viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silica exposure and autoimmune diseases AN - 16376373; 4249568 AB - There have long been case reports linking silica exposure to a variety of autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, chronic renal disease). Evidence of this association in larger epidemiologic studies has been increasing in the last decade. We summarize this evidence here, and present some plausible mechanisms which have been discussed in the literature. The link between silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have been missed in cohort mortality studies because autoimmune diseases are rarely underlying causes of death. Similarly, case-control studies of autoimmune diseases have often failed to consider occupational exposure to silica. Further research is needed in occupationally exposed populations to verify this association. The link between respirable silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have some bearing on the possible association between silicone breast implants and autoimmune disease, although the nature of the silica involved is quite different in the two situations. JF - AM. J. IND. MED. AU - Steenland, K AU - Goldsmith, D F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mailstop R-13, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 603 EP - 608 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - autoimmune diseases KW - silica KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - F 06845:Allergens KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16376373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AM.+J.+IND.+MED.&rft.atitle=Silica+exposure+and+autoimmune+diseases&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BGoldsmith%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AM.+J.+IND.+MED.&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Overview of preventable industrial causes of occupational cancer AN - 15780257; 3982739 AB - This paper summarizes what is known about preventable causes of occupational cancer, including single agents, complex mixtures, and broad occupational associations. Epidemiologic methods have been very successful in documenting cancer risks associated with single agents. Epidemiologic data are most conclusive when an exposure-response relationship can be demonstrated. Examples of agents for which epidemiologic studies provide evidence of an exposure-response relationship include benzene and (concurrent exposure to) ortho-toluidine and aniline. Vinyl chloride and bischloromethyl ether are examples of associations between single agents and rare histologic types of cancer. It is more difficult to conduct epidemiologic studies to identify cancer risks associated with complex mixtures. Studies of diesel exhaust and lung cancer and metal machining oils are cited as having employed advanced industrial hygiene and epidemiologic methods for studies of complex mixtures. Elevated cancer risks have also been identified in broad occupational groups, including painters and dry cleaners. Epidemiologic case-control studies are often used to detect such associations but are limited in their abilities to detect the causal agents. Major gaps exist in knowledge of occupational cancer risks among women workers and workers of color. Because epidemiologic research measures illness and mortality that have already occurred, a positive study can be interpreted to represent a failure in prevention. The challenge we face in the next decade is to identify interventions earlier in the causal pathway (toxicologic testing, biomarkers of exposure or precancerous changes, institution of engineering and good industrial hygiene practices to reduce occupational exposure levels) so that occupational cancer can be prevented. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ward, E M Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 197 EP - 203 VL - 103 IS - 8 Supp. KW - occupational hazards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 95-218 KW - reviews KW - occupational diseases KW - industries KW - cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Overview+of+preventable+industrial+causes+of+occupational+cancer&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=8+Supp.&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Estimating avoidable causes of cancer AN - 15778652; 3982756 AB - Evidence that much cancer is preventable derives from observations of time trends and geographic patterns of cancer, birth cohort changes, high risks in groups with well-defined exposures, and experimental studies. In an effort to identify additional opportunities for reducing the impact of cancer on society, this conference assessed avoidable causes of cancer. The magnitude and extent of preventable causes of cancer are subjects of intense debate, with discrepancies often related to the use of different time frames and different weights for epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence. There is much agreement, however, about the exposures that increase risk, notably tobacco, alcohol, diet, radiation, medications, occupational exposures, general environmental exposures, and infectious agents. Interactions between carcinogenic exposures and genetic susceptibility are also important. Concerted efforts are needed to identify avoidable causes of cancer and to apply knowledge already obtained to reduce the cancer burden. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Davis, D L AU - Muir, C Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 301 EP - 306 VL - 103 IS - 8 Supp. KW - ethanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 95-218 KW - radiation KW - diets KW - tobacco KW - occupational exposure KW - cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15778652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estimating+avoidable+causes+of+cancer&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BMuir%2C+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=8+Supp.&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The importance of information dissemination in the prevention of occupational cancer AN - 15771207; 3982742 AB - It is assumed that prevention of occupational cancer depends upon dissemination of research findings, resulting in changes in work processes and reduction of occupational exposures to carcinogens. Examples of successes and failures of information dissemination are found in the results of research on silicosis. Better assessment of the effectiveness of information dissemination is needed, along with greater understanding of the barriers to implementation of the information by workers and management and improved hazard surveillance. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fine, L J Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 217 EP - 218 VL - 103 IS - 8 Supp. KW - communications KW - occupational hazards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 95-218 KW - silicosis KW - occupational diseases KW - information systems KW - cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15771207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+information+dissemination+in+the+prevention+of+occupational+cancer&rft.au=Fine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=8+Supp.&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of chromosome loss in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D61.M by selected benzimidazole compounds AN - 15757447; 3979735 AB - Twenty-two benzimidazole compounds were tested for induction of chromosome loss (CHRL) in the diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D61.M. Six compounds tested positive for CHRL induction: mebendazole, albendazole, RS-9237-000, fenbendazole, 2-benzimidazolylacetonitrile, and thiabendazole. Mebendazole, albendazole, RS-9237-000, and fenbendazole were strongly positive only after modified testing media were used to enhance solubility. The compounds that tested negative for CHRL were 2-phenylbenzimidazole, 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole, benzimidazole, 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-amino-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazole dihydrochloride hydrate, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, 2-guanidinobenzimidazole, 2-methylbenzimidazole, 2-(methylmercapto)benzimidazole, 1-methyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole, 2-benzimidazolylurea, RS-65255-000, oxibendazole, and RS-95005-000. One chemical, cambendazole, tested negative or only marginally positive. Modified testing medium was also used to enhance the solubility of 2-phenylbenzimidazole, oxibendazole, and RS-95005-000. Because no toxicity was observed with oxibendazole or RS-95005-000, the negative results obtained with these two compounds could not be considered definitive. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Genetic Toxicology AU - Goin, C J AU - Mayer, V W AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 185 EP - 199 VL - 343 IS - 4 SN - 0165-1218, 0165-1218 KW - benzimidazole KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mutagenicity testing KW - ploidy KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - chromosome number KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15757447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Genetic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+chromosome+loss+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+strain+D61.M+by+selected+benzimidazole+compounds&rft.au=Goin%2C+C+J%3BMayer%2C+V+W&rft.aulast=Goin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Genetic+Toxicology&rft.issn=01651218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; ploidy; chromosome number; mutagenicity testing ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Heat recovery ventilators in multifamily residences in the arctic AN - 15705257; 212047 AB - Heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) have been utilized in the design of new residential units in Kotzebue, Alaska. This project will provide 50 new residential units for U.S. Public Health Service health care professionals who will be working in a new hospital in Kotzebue. Kotzebue is located just north of the Arctic Circle on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. The ASHRAE 99% design winter condition is -38 degree F. The prolonged and severe winter conditions warrant construction designed to limit infiltration to the minimum that current construction techniques will allow. Consequently, adequate ventilation can be best ensured by mechanical ventilation provisions. Individual HRVs are provided to ensure compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62-1989. The residential units are heated by a hydronic baseboard fin-tube system. The HRVs provide supply air to the occupiable areas and obtain the exhaust air from the kitchen and bathroom(s). JF - ASHRAE Transactions. no. 961-966. 1995. AU - Ninomura, Paul T AU - Bhargava, Raj Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 PB - ASHRAE, ATLANTA, GA, (USA) KW - Arctic buildings KW - Bathrooms KW - Fins (heat exchange) KW - Heat recovery ventilation KW - Kotzebue Alaska KW - Space heating KW - Tubes (components) KW - Ventilation exhausts KW - Waste heat utilization KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Houses KW - Personnel KW - Standards KW - Kitchens KW - Hospitals KW - W4 643.5:VENTILATION KW - W4 902.2:CODES AND STANDARDS KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 462.2:HOSPITALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES KW - W4 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - W4 402.3:RESIDENCES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15705257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ninomura%2C+Paul+T%3BBhargava%2C+Raj&rft.aulast=Ninomura&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Heat+recovery+ventilators+in+multifamily+residences+in+the+arctic&rft.title=Heat+recovery+ventilators+in+multifamily+residences+in+the+arctic&rft.issn=00012505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of titanium and vanadium following repeated injection of high-dose salts AN - 15691686; 195022 AB - Titanium and its alloy of 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium are used extensively in orthopedic and dental surgery. In conditions of motion leading to wear, however, there is significant generation of wear products with deposition of black debris in the tissue. The questions remain as to how much debris is generated and to where it is transported. In these experiments, the body burden of titanium and vanadium is increased by injecting larger doses of titanium and vanadium salts over an extended period of time. Each animal received 100 ug of each element once a week for six weeks. The hamster was sacrificed on the seventh week and body fluids and tissue harvested. The results indicate that in the experimental animals there was transport of vanadium with levels above control in urine, plasma, liver, spleen, and the mineralized portion and organic portion of bone. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Merritt, Katherine AU - Brown, Stanley A AD - FDA-CDRH, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1175 EP - 1178 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 29 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Dental surgery KW - Experimental animals KW - High-dose salt injection KW - Living systems studies KW - Orthopedic surgery KW - Tissue KW - Titanium alloys KW - Vanadium KW - Wear of materials KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Salts KW - Surgery KW - Orthopedics KW - Deposition KW - Dentistry KW - Body fluids KW - W4 543.6:VANADIUM AND ALLOYS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 421:STRENGTH OF BUILDING MATERIALS KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W4 542.3:TITANIUM AND ALLOYS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15691686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+titanium+and+vanadium+following+repeated+injection+of+high-dose+salts&rft.au=Merritt%2C+Katherine%3BBrown%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salts; Surgery; Orthopedics; Deposition; Dentistry; Body fluids ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Why does the FDA concern itself with ESD? AN - 15688861; 198301 AB - Electrostatic discharge (FSD) affects the performance of electronic components; the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sees to it that the effect of ESD on medical device electronics is benign. The FDA must concern itself with the hazards that ESD engenders so that the dangers associated with medical devices are controlled. In this regard, some examples of the medical device ESD hazards are presented along with a description of FDA's approach to controlling the effects of ESD. In particular, an archive called MedWatch, which contains records of medical device ESD problems, is described. JF - Electrical Overstress/Electrostatic Discharge Symposium Proceedings. pp. 62-65. 1995. AU - O'Bryan, Eugene Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 4 EP - 65 PB - RELIABILITY ANALYSIS CENT, GRIFFISS AFB, NY, (USA) KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Drug products KW - Electrostatic discharge KW - Food products KW - Health care KW - Infant warmer KW - Manufacture KW - Medwatch KW - Safety factor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - EE 701.1:ELECTRICITY: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 701.1:ELECTRICITY: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA KW - EE 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - EE 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - EE 822.3:FOOD PRODUCTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15688861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Bryan%2C+Eugene&rft.aulast=O%27Bryan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Why+does+the+FDA+concern+itself+with+ESD%3F&rft.title=Why+does+the+FDA+concern+itself+with+ESD%3F&rft.issn=07395159&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hierarchical cluster analysis for exposure assessment of workers in the Semiconductor Health Study AN - 15666160; 3954170 AB - The fabrication of integrated circuits in the semiconductor industry involves worker exposures to multiple chemical and physical agents. The potential for a high degree of correlation among exposure variables was of concern in the Semiconductor Health Study. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify groups or "clusters" of correlated variables. Several variations of hierarchical cluster analysis were performed on 14 chemical and physical agents, using exposure data on 882 subjects from the historical cohort of the epidemiological studies. Similarity between agent pairs was determined by calculating two metrics of dissimilarity, and hierarchical trees were constructed using three clustering methods. Among subjects exposed to ethylene-based glycol ethers (EGE), xylene, or n-butyl acetate (nBA), 83% were exposed to EGE and xylene, 86% to EGE and nBA, and 94% to xylene and nBA, suggesting that exposures to EGE, xylene, and nBA were highly correlated. A high correlation was also found for subjects exposed to boron and phosphorus (80%). The trees also revealed cluster groups containing agents associated with work-group exposure categories developed for the epidemiologic analyses. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Hines, C J AU - Selvin, S AU - Samuels, S J AU - Hammond, S K AU - Woskie AU - Hallock, M F AU - Schenker, M B AD - NIOSH, Industrywide Stud. Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 713 EP - 722 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - electronics industry KW - semiconductors KW - glycol ethers KW - xylene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - chemicals KW - industries KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H SI10.22:ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15666160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hierarchical+cluster+analysis+for+exposure+assessment+of+workers+in+the+Semiconductor+Health+Study&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BSelvin%2C+S%3BSamuels%2C+S+J%3BHammond%2C+S+K%3BWoskie%3BHallock%2C+M+F%3BSchenker%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - electronics industry; occupational exposure; chemicals; xylene; industries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freshly fractured quartz inhalation leads to enhanced lung injury and inflammation: Potential role of free radicals AN - 15625040; 3935537 AB - Silicosis is a devastating pulmonary disease that continues to occur in industrial workplaces. Its pathogenesis is under critical evaluation, and this report provides new concepts on the possible early events that occur in lungs resulting from the inhalation of freshly fractured versus aged quartz in the development of two diverse disease entities. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical and pathologic changes in the lavagate and lungs of rats exposed to freshly fractured quartz (generated by jet milling), aged quartz (milled then aged for 2 mo prior to use), or clean air 5 h a day for 10 d over a 2-wk period. The concentration of crystalline quartz in the chambers averaged 20 mg/m super(3). Particle concentrations and particle size were similar for the freshly milled and aged quartz exposures. However, free radical concentrations associated with the freshly milled quartz samples were significantly higher than those for aged quartz. After a 2-wk exposure, animals were killed and studied by bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary histopathology. Inhalation of aged quartz increased the number of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, demonstrated histopathologic evidence of increased pulmonary infiltrates, showed enhanced concentrations of biochemical markers of lung injury, increased lipid peroxidation, and the ability of pulmonary phagocytes to produce more oxygen radicals. In general, all these pulmonary responses were significantly more pronounced after inhalation of freshly fractured quartz compared with aged quartz. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes showed decreased concentrations in the freshly fractured quartz-exposed group compared with the aged quartz-exposed animals. The combination of greater radical generation coupled with lower antioxidant concentrations may explain the augmented pulmonary inflammation and damage in response to fresh quartz dust exposure. These data suggest that those employed in occupations where inhalation of freshly fractured quartz is likely, i.e., sandblasters, rock drillers, and silica flour millers, may experience an increased oxidant burden which could lead to enhanced pulmonary injury and the development of acute silicosis. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AU - Pack, D AU - Leonard, S AU - Shumaker, J AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Shoemaker, DA AU - Ramsey, D M AU - Pretty, J R AU - McLaurin, J L AU - Khan, A AU - Teass, A AD - Pathol. Sect., NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS 211, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 1003 EP - 1009 VL - 152 IS - 3 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - quartz KW - silicon dioxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - inflammation KW - inhalation KW - lung KW - silicosis KW - occupational exposure KW - free radicals KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15625040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Freshly+fractured+quartz+inhalation+leads+to+enhanced+lung+injury+and+inflammation%3A+Potential+role+of+free+radicals&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BPack%2C+D%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BShumaker%2C+J%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BShoemaker%2C+DA%3BRamsey%2C+D+M%3BPretty%2C+J+R%3BMcLaurin%2C+J+L%3BKhan%2C+A%3BTeass%2C+A&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - silicosis; occupational exposure; lung; free radicals; inhalation; inflammation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration of viable Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes in foods AN - 15620042; 3933795 AB - A direct plating procedure was developed for the enumeration of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in foods. Both naturally contaminated foods and foods spiked with L. innocua, L. seeligeri, and L. monocytogenes were studied. The enhanced hemolysis agar (EHA) developed by Cox and modified in our study resulted in two types of agar, referred to as listeria enumeration agar (LEA) no. 1 and 2, used for products of lighter and heavier background microbial populations, respectively. On LEA plates, total Listeria spp. counts were determined by fluorescence caused by the breakdown of 4-methylumbelliferyl- beta -D-glucoside contained in EHA. L. monocytogenes counts were determined by picking a representative number of hemolytic colonies and stabbing them into a xylose agar plate to distinguish L. monocytogenes from L. seeligeri. Contamination levels of >200 Listeria cells per g of food can be accurately quantified by this procedure with >80% recovery. Counts of <200 Listeria cells per g of food were considered estimates. When the level of contamination was < 100 Listeria cells per g of food, the recovery was < 58%. Occasionally, with low-level inocula, Listeria was not detected. Nevertheless, when the procedure was combined with incubation of the enrichment mixture (used for the 1:10 direct plating dilution) and subsequent streaking, Listeria contamination could still be detected and the level, therefore, was determined to be between 1 and 150/g. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Heisick, JE AU - Rosas-Marty, LI AU - Tatini AD - U.S. FDA, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 733 EP - 736 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - counting methods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - food KW - Listeria KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15620042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+of+viable+Listeria+species+and+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+foods&rft.au=Heisick%2C+JE%3BRosas-Marty%2C+LI%3BTatini&rft.aulast=Heisick&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; food; counting methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Shigella flexneri on vegetables and detection by polymerase chain reaction AN - 15618762; 3933778 AB - Commercially prepared and packaged fresh vegetables were tested to determine the types and levels of indigenous microflora. Sixteen species of bacteria from 11 genera were identified and titers of up to 1 x 10 super(10) cells per gram of vegetable were observed. To evaluate the survival of Shigella spp. on packaged vegetables, an avirulent insertion mutant of Shigella flexneri 5 (pHS1059) was added to vegetables. This strain survived in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.3 at 5 to 10 degree C for more than 3 months. It also survived for several days at both ambient and refrigerator temperatures when inoculated onto various commercially prepared vegetables. A rapid method for detecting Shigella spp. on vegetables was developed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 118-base-pair DNA fragment from the S. flexneri virulence-associated spa region. The PCR also generated the corresponding fragments from S. sonnei, S. boydii, and Shigella sp. This fragment was also observed when S. flexneri cells were used to artificially contaminate sterile and nonsterile vegetables, but no amplified fragment was observed when the normal microflora of the vegetables were eluted and tested by PCR. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rafii, F AU - Holland, MA AU - Hill, W E AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 727 EP - 732 VL - 58 IS - 7 SN - 0362-026X, 0362-026X KW - vegetables KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Shigella flexneri KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15618762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Shigella+flexneri+on+vegetables+and+detection+by+polymerase+chain+reaction&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BHolland%2C+MA%3BHill%2C+W+E%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362026X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shigella flexneri; vegetables; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of twinship on incidence of cancer of the testis, breast, and other sites (Sweden) AN - 15598123; 3917261 AB - It has been suggested that cancers of the testis and breast are associated with exposure to estrogens and other hormones in utero. Twin pregnancies have higher levels of pregnancy-associated hormones than singleton pregnancies, and these levels may be higher in dizygotic than in monozygotic twin pregnancies. Through a large population-based study of twins, we assessed the hypothesis that levels of pregnancy-associated hormones have etiologic importance for cancers of the testis, breast, and other sites. The incidence of all cancers among 46,767 members of the Swedish Twin Registry was compared with the incidence among the Swedish general population. We found testicular cancer excess among dizygotic twins (observed/expected [O/E] ratio = 1.6, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.6) that was greater for men younger than 35 years (O/E ratio = 2.3, CI = 1.1-4.2) compared with older men (O/E ratio = 1.2, CI = 0.5-2.4). In addition, a substantially elevated incidence of breast cancer was observed in dizygotic twin women aged 20 to 29 years (O/E = 6.7, CI = 2.9-13.1). None of the other age or zygosity groups showed notable elevations in incidence of testicular, breast, or other cancers. We conclude that dizygotic twinship may be associated with cancer of the breast and testis among young adults. These findings support the concept that pregnancy hormones are associated with risk of testicular and breast cancer, although non-hormonal aspects of twin pregnancy that vary with respect to zygosity cannot be excluded as explanatory factors. JF - Cancer Causes & Control AU - Braun, M M AU - Ahlbom, A AU - Floderus, B AU - Brinton, LA AU - Hoover, R N AD - Div. Biostatistics and Epidemiol., HFM-210, CBER, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 209852-1448, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 519 EP - 524 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - twins KW - Risk Abstracts KW - prenatal experience KW - cancer KW - hormones KW - Sweden KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.atitle=Effect+of+twinship+on+incidence+of+cancer+of+the+testis%2C+breast%2C+and+other+sites+%28Sweden%29&rft.au=Braun%2C+M+M%3BAhlbom%2C+A%3BFloderus%2C+B%3BBrinton%2C+LA%3BHoover%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Braun&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Causes+%26+Control&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sweden; cancer; hormones; prenatal experience ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of morphological transformation in BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells by okadaic acid AN - 15574503; 3908007 AB - Okadaic acid is produced by several types of dinoflagellates (marine plankton) and has been implicated as a causative agent of diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning. Okadaic acid, a known tumour promoter in vivo, has been shown to promote morphological transformation of carcinogen-initiated BALB/3T3 cells. This study shows that okadaic acid is capable of inducing morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 cells in the absence of an initiator. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sheu, C W AU - Rodriguez, I AU - Dobras, S N AU - Lee, J K AD - Genetic Toxicol. Branch, Div. Molecular Biol. Res. and Evaluation, Cent. for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 883 EP - 885 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - BALB/3T3 cells KW - biological poisons KW - dinoflagellates KW - okadaic acid KW - toxins KW - transformation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolites KW - Marine KW - Dinophyceae KW - carcinogens KW - cytology KW - Q4 27390:Toxins KW - X 24172:Plants KW - K 03039:Algae KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15574503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+morphological+transformation+in+BALB%2F3T3+mouse+embryo+cells+by+okadaic+acid&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BRodriguez%2C+I%3BDobras%2C+S+N%3BLee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogens; metabolites; biological poisons; cytology; dinoflagellates; toxins; transformation; Dinophyceae; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A highly immunogenic putative Mycobacterium kansasii lipoprotein AN - 15568542; 3905660 AB - The resurgence of tuberculosis, the emergence of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis, and the increasing prevalence of mycobacterial disease in AIDS patients have increased the importance of defining new mycobacterial antigens that can be utilized in the development of improved diagnostic reagents and more effective vaccines. In this report, a highly immunogenic Mycobacterium kansasii protein (MK35) and the gene encoding this antigen were characterized. MK35 gene probes reacted with genomic DNA from M. avium, M. bovis BCG, M. intracellulare and M. tuberculosis but not with DNA isolated from nine other mycobacterial species. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the MK35 gene encodes a 26 kDa protein which contains a consensus bacterial lipoprotein processing sequence. In addition, detergent-phase separation studies strongly suggested that MK35 is a lipoprotein. Skin test assays demonstrated that MK35 elicited a strong response in guinea pigs sensitized with M. kansasii but did not react in M. tuberculosis-sensitized guinea pigs. These results further suggest that mycobacterial lipoproteins are immunogenic antigens that should be considered in the development of new mycobacterial vaccines and diagnostic reagents. JF - Microbiology AU - Armoa, GRG AU - Rouse, DA AU - Nair, J AU - Mackall, J C AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobacteria, Cent. for Biologics Evaluation and Res., Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 2705 EP - 2712 VL - 141 IS - 10 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lipoproteins KW - antigens KW - Mycobacterium kansasii KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15568542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+highly+immunogenic+putative+Mycobacterium+kansasii+lipoprotein&rft.au=Armoa%2C+GRG%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BNair%2C+J%3BMackall%2C+J+C%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Armoa&rft.aufirst=GRG&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium kansasii; lipoproteins; antigens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis AN - 15567222; 3905373 AB - The analyses of aminoglycoside antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis utilizing borate complexation and direct UV detection are discussed. Twelve aminoglycosides were studied and separated to demonstrate identification capabilities, with migration time RSDs from 0.21 to 0.44% (n = 6) for individual components. This buffer system permitted the detection of minor impurities such as precursors or closely related fermentation products. Quantification of dihydrostreptomycin and streptomycin was accomplished in 160 mM sodium tetraborate decahydrate with linearity over the range 0.050-1.0 mg ml super(-1). Determination of the purity of bulk dihydrostreptomycin was possible by the addition of the cationic surfactant myristyltrimethylammonium bromide. This reversed the electroosmotic flow, thereby reversing the migration order, and causing the streptomycin impurity to migrate before the dihydrostreptomycin main peak. Quantification was also demonstrated with the closely related compounds amikacin, bekanamycin, kanamycin A, and tobramycin, using sisomicin as an internal standard. The reproducibility of the method was typically 2-3% over 1 day, and 2% day-to-day. These studies illustrate the use of capillary electrophoresis for the identification and quantification of selected aminoglycosides as potential alternative methods to the assays given by the US Pharmacopeia. JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis AU - Flurer, CL AD - Natl. Forensic Chem. Cent., US Food and Drug Administration, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 809 EP - 816 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0731-7805, 0731-7805 KW - aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - antibiotics KW - capillary electrophoresis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - electrophoresis KW - A 01095:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15567222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+and+Biomedical+Analysis&rft.atitle=The+analysis+of+aminoglycoside+antibiotics+by+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.au=Flurer%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Flurer&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+and+Biomedical+Analysis&rft.issn=07317805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938226 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 1 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938225 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938222 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 4 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938221 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938220 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938218 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938217 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938215 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Impairment in Children of Alcoholics AN - 1474334653 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Pihl, Robert O AU - Bruce, Kenneth R Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 142 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Impairment+in+Children+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=Pihl%2C+Robert+O%3BBruce%2C+Kenneth+R&rft.aulast=Pihl&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tribute to Mark Keller AN - 1474334620 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 163 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Tribute+to+Mark+Keller&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Electrical Activity of the Brain: ERP Mapping in Alcohol Research AN - 1474334528 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - CHORLIAN, DAVID B AU - Porjesz, Bernice AU - Cohen, Howard L Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 315 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Measuring+Electrical+Activity+of+the+Brain%3A+ERP+Mapping+in+Alcohol+Research&rft.au=CHORLIAN%2C+DAVID+B%3BPorjesz%2C+Bernice%3BCohen%2C+Howard+L&rft.aulast=CHORLIAN&rft.aufirst=DAVID&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol: What the Images Reveal AN - 1474334514 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mattson, Sarah N AU - Riley, Edward P Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 273 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prenatal+Exposure+to+Alcohol%3A+What+the+Images+Reveal&rft.au=Mattson%2C+Sarah+N%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping AN - 1474334433 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grisel, Judith E AU - Crabbe, John C Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 220 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Trait+Loci+Mapping&rft.au=Grisel%2C+Judith+E%3BCrabbe%2C+John+C&rft.aulast=Grisel&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism AN - 1474334331 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Begleiter, Henri AU - Reich, Theodore AU - Hesselbrock, Victor AU - Porjesz, Bernice AU - Ting-Kai, Li AU - Schuckit, Marc A AU - Edenberg, Howard J AU - Rice, John P Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 228 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Collaborative+Study+on+the+Genetics+of+Alcoholism&rft.au=Begleiter%2C+Henri%3BReich%2C+Theodore%3BHesselbrock%2C+Victor%3BPorjesz%2C+Bernice%3BTing-Kai%2C+Li%3BSchuckit%2C+Marc+A%3BEdenberg%2C+Howard+J%3BRice%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Begleiter&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural Brain Alterations Associated With Alcoholism AN - 1474322038 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Rosenbloom, Margaret J AU - Pfefferbaum, Adolf AU - Sullivan, Edith V Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 266 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474322038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Structural+Brain+Alterations+Associated+With+Alcoholism&rft.au=Rosenbloom%2C+Margaret+J%3BPfefferbaum%2C+Adolf%3BSullivan%2C+Edith+V&rft.aulast=Rosenbloom&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inheritance of alcohol abuse: Cross-fostering analysis of adopted men, by C.R. Cloninger et al. AN - 1474321952 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Heath, Andrew C Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 50 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+alcohol+abuse%3A+Cross-fostering+analysis+of+adopted+men%2C+by+C.R.+Cloninger+et+al.&rft.au=Heath%2C+Andrew+C&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Health Services Research: An Evolving Agenda AN - 1474321898 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Weisner, Constance Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 71 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Health+Services+Research%3A+An+Evolving+Agenda&rft.au=Weisner%2C+Constance&rft.aulast=Weisner&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Related Thiamine Deficiency: Impact on Cognitive and Memory Functioning AN - 1474321895 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Langlais, Philip J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 113 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Related+Thiamine+Deficiency%3A+Impact+on+Cognitive+and+Memory+Functioning&rft.au=Langlais%2C+Philip+J&rft.aulast=Langlais&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Effects on Gene Expression AN - 1474321876 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miles, Michael F Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 237 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Effects+on+Gene+Expression&rft.au=Miles%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "INSERT": Advancing Knowledge, Improving Practice: NIAAA Research Priorities and Funding Opportunities AN - 1474321851 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=%22INSERT%22%3A+Advancing+Knowledge%2C+Improving+Practice%3A+NIAAA+Research+Priorities+and+Funding+Opportunities&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Primates in Alcohol Research AN - 1474321828 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Higley, J Dee Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 213 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Primates+in+Alcohol+Research&rft.au=Higley%2C+J+Dee&rft.aulast=Higley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic selection for voluntary alcohol consumption in the albino rat, by K. Eriksson AN - 1474321805 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - LI, T.-K. Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 32 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Genetic+selection+for+voluntary+alcohol+consumption+in+the+albino+rat%2C+by+K.+Eriksson&rft.au=LI%2C+T.-K.&rft.aulast=LI&rft.aufirst=T.-K.&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of the acute alcohol withdrawal state: A comparison of four drugs, by S.C. Kaim et al. AN - 1474321790 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sellers, Edward M Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 34 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+the+acute+alcohol+withdrawal+state%3A+A+comparison+of+four+drugs%2C+by+S.C.+Kaim+et+al.&rft.au=Sellers%2C+Edward+M&rft.aulast=Sellers&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobiological and Clinical Markers for a Severe Form of Alcoholism in Women AN - 1474321669 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hill, Shirley Y Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 249 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Neurobiological+and+Clinical+Markers+for+a+Severe+Form+of+Alcoholism+in+Women&rft.au=Hill%2C+Shirley+Y&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Twin Study Design AN - 1474321637 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Prescott, Carol A AU - Kendler, Kenneth S Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 200 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Twin+Study+Design&rft.au=Prescott%2C+Carol+A%3BKendler%2C+Kenneth+S&rft.aulast=Prescott&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Human Genome Project AN - 1474321631 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Collins, Francis S AU - Fink, Leslie Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 190 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Human+Genome+Project&rft.au=Collins%2C+Francis+S%3BFink%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism: A Veterans Administration cooperative study, by R.K. Fuller et al. AN - 1474321602 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Anton, Raymond F Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 56 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Disulfiram+treatment+of+alcoholism%3A+A+Veterans+Administration+cooperative+study%2C+by+R.K.+Fuller+et+al.&rft.au=Anton%2C+Raymond+F&rft.aulast=Anton&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Twenty-Five Years of Alcohol Epidemiology: Trends, Techniques, and Transitions AN - 1474321535 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dufour, Mary C Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 77 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Twenty-Five+Years+of+Alcohol+Epidemiology%3A+Trends%2C+Techniques%2C+and+Transitions&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Biology AN - 1474321450 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Goate, Alison M Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 217 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Molecular+Biology&rft.au=Goate%2C+Alison+M&rft.aulast=Goate&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Liver Disease in Alcohol-Induced Cognitive Defects AN - 1474321443 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Butterworth, Roger F Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 122 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Liver+Disease+in+Alcohol-Induced+Cognitive+Defects&rft.au=Butterworth%2C+Roger+F&rft.aulast=Butterworth&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug tolerance in biomembranes: A spin label study of the effects of ethanol, by J.H. Chin and D.B. Goldstein AN - 1474321418 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Rubin, Emanuel Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 46 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drug+tolerance+in+biomembranes%3A+A+spin+label+study+of+the+effects+of+ethanol%2C+by+J.H.+Chin+and+D.B.+Goldstein&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Emanuel&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Primer on Imaging AN - 1474321390 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Doria, John J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 261 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Primer+on+Imaging&rft.au=Doria%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Doria&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20, by R.W. Hingson et al. AN - 1474321362 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Waller, Patricia F Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 52 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Impact+of+legislation+raising+the+legal+drinking+age+in+Massachusetts+from+18+to+20%2C+by+R.W.+Hingson+et+al.&rft.au=Waller%2C+Patricia+F&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Search for Biochemical Markers AN - 1474321335 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Anthenelli, Robert M AU - Tabakoff, Boris Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 176 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Search+for+Biochemical+Markers&rft.au=Anthenelli%2C+Robert+M%3BTabakoff%2C+Boris&rft.aulast=Anthenelli&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholism treatment and total health care utilization and costs: A four-year longitudinal analysis of Federal employees, by H.D. Holder and J.O. Blose AN - 1474321317 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Geller, Anne Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 58 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholism+treatment+and+total+health+care+utilization+and+costs%3A+A+four-year+longitudinal+analysis+of+Federal+employees%2C+by+H.D.+Holder+and+J.O.+Blose&rft.au=Geller%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Geller&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Event-related brain potentials in boys at risk for alcoholism, by H. Begleiter et al. AN - 1474321305 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hill, Shirley Y Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 54 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Event-related+brain+potentials+in+boys+at+risk+for+alcoholism%2C+by+H.+Begleiter+et+al.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Shirley+Y&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and the Cerebellum: Effects on Balance, Motor Coordination, and Cognition AN - 1474321281 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sullivan, Edith V AU - Rosenbloom, Margaret J AU - Deshmukh, Anjali AU - Desmond, John E AU - Pfefferbaum, Adolf Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 138 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+the+Cerebellum%3A+Effects+on+Balance%2C+Motor+Coordination%2C+and+Cognition&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Edith+V%3BRosenbloom%2C+Margaret+J%3BDeshmukh%2C+Anjali%3BDesmond%2C+John+E%3BPfefferbaum%2C+Adolf&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of alcohol on the nervous system, by M. Victor and R.D. Adams AN - 1474321262 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mendelson, Jack H Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 28 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+alcohol+on+the+nervous+system%2C+by+M.+Victor+and+R.D.+Adams&rft.au=Mendelson%2C+Jack+H&rft.aulast=Mendelson&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary AN - 1474321255 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 136 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential production of fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis in sub-human primates fed ethanol with adequate diets, by C.S. Lieber et al. AN - 1474321229 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Tsukamoto, Hidekazu Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 42 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Sequential+production+of+fatty+liver%2C+hepatitis%2C+and+cirrhosis+in+sub-human+primates+fed+ethanol+with+adequate+diets%2C+by+C.S.+Lieber+et+al.&rft.au=Tsukamoto%2C+Hidekazu&rft.aulast=Tsukamoto&rft.aufirst=Hidekazu&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers, by K.L. Jones et al. AN - 1474321216 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Randall, Carrie L AU - Riley, Edward P Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 38 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Pattern+of+malformation+in+offspring+of+chronic+alcoholic+mothers%2C+by+K.L.+Jones+et+al.&rft.au=Randall%2C+Carrie+L%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Cognitive Impairment AN - 1474321211 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Nixon, Sara Jo Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 97 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Assessing+Cognitive+Impairment&rft.au=Nixon%2C+Sara+Jo&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Creation of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Responding to America's Alcohol Problem AN - 1474321202 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hewitt, Brenda G Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 12 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+the+National+Institute+on+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Alcoholism%3A+Responding+to+America%27s+Alcohol+Problem&rft.au=Hewitt%2C+Brenda+G&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Past Accomplishments and Future Goals AN - 1474321191 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gordis, Enoch Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 05 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+National+Institute+on+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Alcoholism%3A+Past+Accomplishments+and+Future+Goals&rft.au=Gordis%2C+Enoch&rft.aulast=Gordis&rft.aufirst=Enoch&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=05&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imaging of the Heart: Potential Application to Alcohol-Induced Heart Disease AN - 1474321183 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bergmann, Steven R Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 287 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Imaging+of+the+Heart%3A+Potential+Application+to+Alcohol-Induced+Heart+Disease&rft.au=Bergmann%2C+Steven+R&rft.aulast=Bergmann&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Event-Related Potentials and Cognitive Function in Alcoholism AN - 1474321178 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Porjesz, Bernice AU - Begleiter, Henri Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 108 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Event-Related+Potentials+and+Cognitive+Function+in+Alcoholism&rft.au=Porjesz%2C+Bernice%3BBegleiter%2C+Henri&rft.aulast=Porjesz&rft.aufirst=Bernice&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitness-for-Duty Testing: A New Approach to Workplace Safety AN - 1474321171 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Burns, Marcelline AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 159 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Fitness-for-Duty+Testing%3A+A+New+Approach+to+Workplace+Safety&rft.au=Burns%2C+Marcelline%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Marcelline&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholism: Approaches to Theoretical Modeling AN - 1474321150 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ingle, Kathryn G AU - Weingartner, Herbert J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 155 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Deficits+in+Alcoholism%3A+Approaches+to+Theoretical+Modeling&rft.au=Ingle%2C+Kathryn+G%3BWeingartner%2C+Herbert+J&rft.aulast=Ingle&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairments: An Overview of How Alcoholism May Affect the Workings of the Brain AN - 1474321125 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Evert, Denise L AU - Oscar-Berman, Marlene Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 89 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Related+Cognitive+Impairments%3A+An+Overview+of+How+Alcoholism+May+Affect+the+Workings+of+the+Brain&rft.au=Evert%2C+Denise+L%3BOscar-Berman%2C+Marlene&rft.aulast=Evert&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loss of control drinking in alcoholics: An experimental analogue, by G.A. Marlatt et al. AN - 1474321087 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miller, William R Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 36 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Loss+of+control+drinking+in+alcoholics%3A+An+experimental+analogue%2C+by+G.A.+Marlatt+et+al.&rft.au=Miller%2C+William+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Long-Term Study of Sons of Alcoholics AN - 1474317762 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Schuckit, Marc A Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 172 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Long-Term+Study+of+Sons+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=Schuckit%2C+Marc+A&rft.aulast=Schuckit&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imaging Studies of Aging, Neurodegenerative Disease, and Alcoholism AN - 1474317758 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Eberling, Jamie L AU - Jagust, William J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 279 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Imaging+Studies+of+Aging%2C+Neurodegenerative+Disease%2C+and+Alcoholism&rft.au=Eberling%2C+Jamie+L%3BJagust%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Eberling&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency as cause of facial flushing reaction to alcohol in Japanese, by S. Harada et al. AN - 1474317722 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Goldman, David Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 48 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Aldehyde+dehydrogenase+deficiency+as+cause+of+facial+flushing+reaction+to+alcohol+in+Japanese%2C+by+S.+Harada+et+al.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+David&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcool, alcoolisme, alcoolisation, by S. Ledermann AN - 1474317714 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cook, Philip J AU - SKOG, OLE-JØRGEN Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 30 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcool%2C+alcoolisme%2C+alcoolisation%2C+by+S.+Ledermann&rft.au=Cook%2C+Philip+J%3BSKOG%2C+OLE-J%C3%98RGEN&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflections: NIAAA's Directors Look Back on 25 Years AN - 1474317694 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 17 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Reflections%3A+NIAAA%27s+Directors+Look+Back+on+25+Years&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When Alcoholism Affects Memory Functions: MRI of the Brain AN - 1474317600 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jernigan, Terry L AU - Ostergaard, Arne L Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 104 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=When+Alcoholism+Affects+Memory+Functions%3A+MRI+of+the+Brain&rft.au=Jernigan%2C+Terry+L%3BOstergaard%2C+Arne+L&rft.aulast=Jernigan&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visualizing Neural Pathways Affected by Alcohol in Animals AN - 1474317587 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lyons, David AU - Porrino, Linda J AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 300 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Visualizing+Neural+Pathways+Affected+by+Alcohol+in+Animals&rft.au=Lyons%2C+David%3BPorrino%2C+Linda+J%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol dependence: Provisional description of a clinical syndrome, by G. Edwards and M.M. Gross AN - 1474317584 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Schuckit, Marc Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 44 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+dependence%3A+Provisional+description+of+a+clinical+syndrome%2C+by+G.+Edwards+and+M.M.+Gross&rft.au=Schuckit%2C+Marc&rft.aulast=Schuckit&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Induced Sleepiness and Memory Function AN - 1474317430 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Roehrs, Timothy AU - Roth, Thomas Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 130 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Induced+Sleepiness+and+Memory+Function&rft.au=Roehrs%2C+Timothy%3BRoth%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Roehrs&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary AN - 1474317315 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 293 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Brain in Alcohol Abuse AN - 1474317303 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Fein, George AU - Meyerhoff, Dieter J AU - Weiner, Michael W Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 306 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Magnetic+Resonance+Spectroscopy+of+the+Brain+in+Alcohol+Abuse&rft.au=Fein%2C+George%3BMeyerhoff%2C+Dieter+J%3BWeiner%2C+Michael+W&rft.aulast=Fein&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene Variability and Vulnerability to Alcoholism AN - 1474317285 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Doria, John J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 245 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Gene+Variability+and+Vulnerability+to+Alcoholism&rft.au=Doria%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Doria&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Influences Affecting Alcohol Use Among Asians AN - 1474317282 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wall, Tamara L AU - Ehlers, Cindy L Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 184 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Genetic+Influences+Affecting+Alcohol+Use+Among+Asians&rft.au=Wall%2C+Tamara+L%3BEhlers%2C+Cindy+L&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary AN - 1474317262 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 182 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the Research Front: The NIAAA's Intramural Research Program AN - 1474317159 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Linnoila, Markku AU - Colburn, Theodore R AU - Petersen, Robert C Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 60 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=On+the+Research+Front%3A+The+NIAAA%27s+Intramural+Research+Program&rft.au=Linnoila%2C+Markku%3BColburn%2C+Theodore+R%3BPetersen%2C+Robert+C&rft.aulast=Linnoila&rft.aufirst=Markku&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small Animal MRI AN - 1474317124 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Acara, Margaret AU - Alletto, James AU - Dlugos, Cynthia AU - Pentney, Roberta Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 321 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Small+Animal+MRI&rft.au=Acara%2C+Margaret%3BAlletto%2C+James%3BDlugos%2C+Cynthia%3BPentney%2C+Roberta&rft.aulast=Acara&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of Cognitive Functioning in Alcoholics: The Relationship to Treatment AN - 1474317059 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Goldman, Mark S Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 148 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Cognitive+Functioning+in+Alcoholics%3A+The+Relationship+to+Treatment&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Mark+S&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Engineering in Animal Models AN - 1474316991 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE AU - Bowers, Barbara J AU - Wehner, Jeanne M Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 206 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Genetic+Engineering+in+Animal+Models&rft.au=HILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE%3BBowers%2C+Barbara+J%3BWehner%2C+Jeanne+M&rft.aulast=HILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL&rft.aufirst=SUSANNE&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adoption Studies AN - 1474316986 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cadoret, Remi J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 195 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Adoption+Studies&rft.au=Cadoret%2C+Remi+J&rft.aulast=Cadoret&rft.aufirst=Remi&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Influences on Alcoholism Risk: A Review of Adoption and Twin Studies AN - 1474316893 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Heath, Andrew C Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 166 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Genetic+Influences+on+Alcoholism+Risk%3A+A+Review+of+Adoption+and+Twin+Studies&rft.au=Heath%2C+Andrew+C&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol consumption before myocardial infarction: Results from the Kaiser-Permanente Epidemiologic Study of Myocardial Infarction, by A.L. Klatsky et al. AN - 1474316879 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Criqui, Michael H Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 40 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+consumption+before+myocardial+infarction%3A+Results+from+the+Kaiser-Permanente+Epidemiologic+Study+of+Myocardial+Infarction%2C+by+A.L.+Klatsky+et+al.&rft.au=Criqui%2C+Michael+H&rft.aulast=Criqui&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the Brain's Response to Alcohol With Positron Emission Tomography AN - 1474316777 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Volkow, Nora AU - Wang, Gene-Jack AU - Doria, John J Y1 - 1995/01/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Jan 01 SP - 296 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+Brain%27s+Response+to+Alcohol+With+Positron+Emission+Tomography&rft.au=Volkow%2C+Nora%3BWang%2C+Gene-Jack%3BDoria%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Volkow&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of plutonium-239/240 in fish in low-level radioactive ocean waste dump sites AN - 13649995; 199506000 AB - Fish and shellfish samples from 3 low-level radioactive ocean waste dump sites (off the Californian and New Jersey coasts and Massachusetts bay) were analysed for plutonium-239 and plutonium-240. Plutonium-236 tracer was added to the ashed sample which was decomposed by sequential nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid digestions. Boric acid was added to complex the fluoride and to extract plutonium. Sequential iron hydroxide precipitations were performed and the hydroxide precipitate was dissolved in nitric acid saturated with boric acid. Plutonium was isolated and purified by anion exchange separation and electroplated on a stainless steel disk. The plutonium isotope and concentrations were determined by alpha-spectrometry. The Californian site was samples in 1980-1982 and 1990. The plutonium concentrations were at or below the detectable level (3.7 mBq per kg). At the New Jersey site there was no detectable plutonium-239 and plutonium-240. Plutonium-239 and plutonium-240 levels were below detection levels at the Massachusetts bay site in 1981, 1982 and 1992. JF - Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry AU - Baratta, E J AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Winchester, Mass. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 157 EP - 162 VL - 194 IS - 1 SN - 0236-5731, 0236-5731 KW - Alpha- (see also without prefix) KW - Analysis KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13649995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Radioanalytical+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+plutonium-239%2F240+in+fish+in+low-level+radioactive+ocean+waste+dump+sites&rft.au=Baratta%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Baratta&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Radioanalytical+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.issn=02365731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagonal ventral forebrain continuum has overlapping telencephalic inputs and brainstem outputs which may represent loci for limbic/autonomic integration. AN - 77779857; 7697355 AB - Growing evidence indicates that three areas within the mammalian basal forebrain share many common features. Based on the similarity of connections and their adjacent spacial proximity, three forebrain nuclei are referred to as a continuum. The components of this diagonal ventral forebrain continuum (DVFC) are the central nucleus of the amygdala, the sublenticular portion of the substantia innominata, and the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. A primary concern and terminal goal of this study is to determine whether the region of this continuum which projects to the brainstem autonomic nuclei such as the vagal nuclei or the parabrachial nuclei also receives inputs from the basolateral amygdala. The first phase of this study involved determining what autonomic regions receive projections from the basal forebrain. The vagal complex and the parabrachial nuclei were found to receive the densest inputs from the DVFC. The topographic distribution of the respective retrogradely labeled cells and their collateral status is described. The second phase involved looking at afferent inputs from brainstem nuclei. The parabrachial nucleus sends reciprocal projections back to the continuum, which generally overlap the neurons which project back to the brainstem visceral nuclei. The third phase of the study indicated that the cells of the basolateral amygdala contribute a major terminal field which overlaps those cells of the basal forebrain continuum which in turn project to either the nucleus of the solitary tract or the parabrachial nucleus. The possibility that the circuits implied in this study represent the neural circuitry whereby emotional stimuli result in changes in visceral activity is addressed. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/12/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Dec 26 SP - 175 EP - 191 VL - 667 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Efferent Pathways KW - Autonomic Pathways KW - Afferent Pathways KW - Medial Forebrain Bundle KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Male KW - Amygdala -- cytology KW - Substantia Innominata -- cytology KW - Brain Stem -- cytology KW - Telencephalon -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77779857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Diagonal+ventral+forebrain+continuum+has+overlapping+telencephalic+inputs+and+brainstem+outputs+which+may+represent+loci+for+limbic%2Fautonomic+integration.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-12-26&rft.volume=667&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-point electrical-fluorescence recording from heart with optical fibers. AN - 85245441; pmid-7851921 AB - Optical recordings from frog myocardium, stained with a voltage-sensitive dye, have been made through a fiber optic system that uses fiber couplers to provide two excitation/detection paths and to separate excitation light from the fluorescence signal. The excitation light, from a green He-Ne laser (543 nm), is focused into a 100 microns-core fiber then is split 1:1 to two other fibers. Each of these two fibers transmits part of the excitation light through a fiber coupler (1:15 transmittance ratio) to the heart preparation which is stained with the voltage-sensitive dye RH237. The returning red fluorescence is split at the same fiber coupler (15:1 transmittance ratio) and is directed to a photomultiplier tube through a longpass filter. With this two-point mapping method, differences in action potential shape and timing have been observed. JF - IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering AU - Krauthamer, V AU - Davis, C C AU - Gan, E T AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20857. PY - 1994 SP - 1191 EP - 1194 VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 0018-9294, 0018-9294 KW - Heart KW - Heart Conduction System KW - Rana pipiens KW - Equipment Design KW - In Vitro KW - Animal KW - Action Potentials KW - Membrane Potentials KW - Fiber Optics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85245441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Bio-Medical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Two-point+electrical-fluorescence+recording+from+heart+with+optical+fibers.&rft.au=Krauthamer%2C+V%3BDavis%2C+C+C%3BGan%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Krauthamer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Bio-Medical+Engineering&rft.issn=00189294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New environmental agents associated with lupus-like disorders. AN - 77813519; 7704003 AB - An increasing number of environmental agents are being investigated as possible risk factors in the etiology of certain connective tissue disorders. Exposure to a variety of therapeutic agents, foods and dietary supplements, occupational and other toxic exposures, and infectious agents has been associated with the onset of lupus-like disorders. The mechanisms by which these agents might induce lupus remain unknown but may involve alteration of cellular components or activation of the immune system. Individual host susceptibility factors, including pre-existing organ dysfunction and particular metabolic enzyme or immunogenetic phenotypes, may also be important risk factors for development of environmentally-associated lupus-like disorders. Awareness of the many environmental agents implicated with lupus and related disorders, and dissection of their pathogenetic mechanisms through appropriate case-controlled investigations, may identify additional toxic agents and may lead to a better understanding of the idiopathic lupus syndromes. JF - Lupus AU - Love, L A AD - Office of Special Nutritionals, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 467 EP - 471 VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 0961-2033, 0961-2033 KW - Index Medicus KW - Connective Tissue Diseases -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77813519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lupus&rft.atitle=New+environmental+agents+associated+with+lupus-like+disorders.&rft.au=Love%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lupus&rft.issn=09612033&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. AN - 77801727; 7699627 AB - To determine whether L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) associated with eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome (EMS) like illness contains impurities in a fashion similar to that described in L-tryptophan associated with EMS. Members of a family who became ill after exposure to L-5-HTP were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health. Data from patients with extended exposure to L-5-HTP were also examined. Samples of L-5-HTP were examined using high performance liquid chromatography. One member of the family had EMS, and 2 others had eosinophilia. No patient in the other group reviewed developed the syndrome, although 2 patients developed eosinophilia. The L-5-HTP used by the family contained an impurity not present in samples from the other patient group. After replacement with L-5-HTP not containing this impurity, eosinophilia in 2 family members resolved. Some L-5-HTP contains impurities that may be related to L-5-HTP associated EMS. JF - The Journal of rheumatology AU - Michelson, D AU - Page, S W AU - Casey, R AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Love, L A AU - Milstien, S AU - Wilson, C AU - Massaquoi, S G AU - Crofford, L J AU - Hallett, M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 2261 EP - 2265 VL - 21 IS - 12 SN - 0315-162X, 0315-162X KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan KW - C1LJO185Q9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Eosinophilia -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan -- chemistry KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- pathology KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - 5-Hydroxytryptophan -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77801727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+rheumatology&rft.atitle=An+eosinophilia-myalgia+syndrome+related+disorder+associated+with+exposure+to+L-5-hydroxytryptophan.&rft.au=Michelson%2C+D%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BCasey%2C+R%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BLove%2C+L+A%3BMilstien%2C+S%3BWilson%2C+C%3BMassaquoi%2C+S+G%3BCrofford%2C+L+J%3BHallett%2C+M&rft.aulast=Michelson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+rheumatology&rft.issn=0315162X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job task and psychosocial risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among newspaper employees. AN - 77800474; 7701287 AB - A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and work-related factors among employees using video display terminals at a large metropolitan newspaper. The study included 1050 randomly selected workers from four departments. The workers were asked to complete questionnaires on symptoms, job tasks, and psychosocial and work organization conditions. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities were defined by frequency, duration, and intensity of symptoms not attributable to acute injury. Data were analyzed with the use of logistic regression. A total of 973 workers completed the survey. The one-year period prevalence rate for any musculoskeletal disorder of the upper extremities was 41%. Neck symptoms (26%) were the most frequently reported, followed by hand or wrist (22%), shoulder (17%), and elbow (10%) symptoms. Greater time working at the video display station was associated with increased hand or wrist symptoms in a dose-response relationship. In addition, variables corresponding to increased work-load demands (eg, increased time working under deadline and increased job pressure) were associated with increased neck, shoulder, and hand or wrist disorders. Women were more likely to report symptoms in several areas, but this finding may reflect the concentration of women in jobs involving more risk factors. The results suggest a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities among newspaper employees, and they provide additional evidence that increased work load, time pressure, and greater hours of computer use are related to the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among these workers, particularly for disorders in the hand or wrist area. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Bernard, B AU - Sauter, S AU - Fine, L AU - Petersen, M AU - Hales, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 417 EP - 426 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Workload KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Computer Terminals KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Arm KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- etiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Newspapers as Topic KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77800474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Job+task+and+psychosocial+risk+factors+for+work-related+musculoskeletal+disorders+among+newspaper+employees.&rft.au=Bernard%2C+B%3BSauter%2C+S%3BFine%2C+L%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BHales%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to biogenic silica fibers and respiratory health in Hawaii sugarcane workers. AN - 77785853; 7884574 AB - We conducted a cross-sectional environmental and medical survey of 355 male sugarcane workers in Hawaii to determine whether exposure to biogenic silica fibers (BSF) affected their respiratory health. Exposures to BSF ranged from nondetectable to more than 0.700 BSF/mL and varied by job and department. Respiratory symptoms, chest radiograph findings, and pulmonary function were not associated with BSF exposures. Cigarette smoking was associated with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary obstruction. Fifteen workers had pleural thickening or pleural plaques and 3 of these workers were exposed to BSF for more than 10 years. BSF exposure does not appear to influence the respiratory health of sugarcane workers; however, further study is warranted. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Sinks, T AU - Hartle, R AU - Boeniger, M AU - Mannino, D AU - Boyd, J E AU - Fernback, J AU - Hawkins, M AU - Grimes, G AU - Watkins, K L AU - Dill, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1329 EP - 1334 VL - 36 IS - 12 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Hawaii KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Agriculture KW - Respiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77785853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+biogenic+silica+fibers+and+respiratory+health+in+Hawaii+sugarcane+workers.&rft.au=Sinks%2C+T%3BHartle%2C+R%3BBoeniger%2C+M%3BMannino%2C+D%3BBoyd%2C+J+E%3BFernback%2C+J%3BHawkins%2C+M%3BGrimes%2C+G%3BWatkins%2C+K+L%3BDill%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sinks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-11 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of oxygen radicals and mechanisms of injury prevention. AN - 77785778; 7705309 AB - Exposure to crystalline silica can result in damage to the lung parenchyma and scarring that can lead to fibrosis. Pulmonary damage may be the direct consequence of toxic interaction between quartz particles and cell membranes, or it may be due to silica-induced production of oxidant species by pulmonary phagocytes, that in turn overwhelms pulmonary antioxidant systems and causes lung injury. Data indicate that grinding or fracturing quartz particles breaks Si-O bonds and generates .Si and Si-O. radicals on the surface of the cleavage planes. Upon contact with water, these silica-based radicals can generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH). These surface radicals decay as fractured silica dust is aged. Freshly fractured quartz is significantly more potent than aged silica in directly causing lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and cell death. Furthermore, freshly ground silica is a more potent stimulant of alveolar macrophages than aged silica. This silica-induced activation results in the production of superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO.), and other oxidant species that can damage lung cells. Tetrandrine, an herbal medicine that exhibits antifibrotic activity in rat models of silicosis, effectively blocks the ability of quartz to stimulate oxidant release from pulmonary phagocytes. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Castranova, V AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 65 EP - 68 VL - 102 Suppl 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Benzylisoquinolines KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - tetrandrine KW - 29EX23D5AJ KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Silicon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Lung Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77785778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Generation+of+oxygen+radicals+and+mechanisms+of+injury+prevention.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1966 Apr 16;210(5033):259-61 [4289018] Occup Med. 1993 Jan-Mar;8(1):35-56 [8384379] J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 10;252(19):6721-8 [197102] Environ Res. 1981 Dec;26(2):503-20 [6274633] Lab Invest. 1982 Jul;47(1):5-18 [6283263] Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1983 Jun;7(3):306-12 [6872915] J Clin Invest. 1985 Sep;76(3):1155-68 [3840177] Chest. 1986 Feb;89(2):161-2 [3943372] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(2):237-45 [2845112] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Nov;138(5):1213-9 [2849348] Pharmacol Rev. 1991 Jun;43(2):109-42 [1852778] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Jul;33(3):303-15 [1649918] J Leukoc Biol. 1991 Oct;50(4):412-22 [1655939] Science. 1992 Dec 18;258(5090):1898-902 [1281928] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1976 May;113(5):643-65 [178257] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among fire fighters: a 27 state survey. AN - 77774408; 7892834 JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Burnett, C A AU - Halperin, W E AU - Lalich, N R AU - Sestito, J P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 831 EP - 833 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Cause of Death KW - Fires KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77774408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+fire+fighters%3A+a+27+state+survey.&rft.au=Burnett%2C+C+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BLalich%2C+N+R%3BSestito%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic modeling of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rat and in rabbit brain following single dose administration. AN - 77757682; 7871543 AB - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed to describe the kinetics of organic anions in the central nervous system using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a model compound. The model consists of brain, body, venous, and arterial compartments. The brain compartment is subdivided into brain plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brain uptake is membrane-limited via a blood-brain barrier with saturable clearance from the CSF into the venous blood by the choroid plexus. The body has both a central and a deep compartment with saturable renal clearance from the central compartment. The model was used to examine venous plasma time course curves with experimental data from rats given 2,4-D by i.v. (5 or 90 mg/kg) or by oral ingestion (10, 50, or 150 mg/kg). The model was then extended to examine studies in which rabbit plasma, brain, and CSF concentrations were measured at 2 h after i.p. injection (40 mg/kg). In the rat, elimination was saturable (Vmax2 = 3.45 mg/h; Km2 = 86 mg/l) and the deep-compartment transfer coefficients were K12 (0.013 l/h) and K21 (0.048 l/h) between body and deep tissue compartment. Both oral and i.v. data were well described with these values. Limited single time point brain data from rabbits were analyzed with a lumped brain model assuming the generic model for 2,4-D in rat applies to the rabbit. The model simulations were in good agreement with rabbit plasma, brain, and CSF concentrations at 2 h after i.p. injection. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Kim, C S AU - Gargas, M L AU - Andersen, M E AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 189 EP - 201 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Blood-Brain Barrier -- physiology KW - Rabbits KW - Models, Biological KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Choroid Plexus -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- cerebrospinal fluid KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- blood KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77757682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+modeling+of+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+%282%2C4-D%29+in+rat+and+in+rabbit+brain+following+single+dose+administration.&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BGargas%2C+M+L%3BAndersen%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Toxicol Lett 1995 Mar;76(2):185 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid determination of double bond configuration and position along the hydrocarbon chain in cyclic fatty acid monomers. AN - 77757375; 7854017 AB - This study reports the structural elucidation of diunsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) isolated from heated flaxseed oil by complementary gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and GC-matrix isolation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MI-FTIR). Infrared measurements of CFAM were carried out on methyl ester derivatives as well-resolved chromatograms were obtained on a polar 100% cyanopropyl polysiloxane capillary GC column. By contrast, electron ionization MS of methyl ester derivatives was of limited value because of double bond migration during the ionization process in the mass spectrometer. This communication reports definitive MS fragmentation patterns that can confirm ring position and double bond position along the fatty acid chain in 1,2-disubstituted CFAM determined as 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyl-oxazoline derivatives. Double bond configuration (cis, trans, or conjugated cis,cis) in CFAM was confirmed by GC-MI-FTIR. The presence of CFAM, degradation products found in used frying oils, is a potential source of dietary toxicity. JF - Lipids AU - Mossoba, M M AU - Yurawecz, M P AU - Roach, J A AU - Lin, H S AU - McDonald, R E AU - Flickinger, B D AU - Perkins, E G AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 893 EP - 896 VL - 29 IS - 12 SN - 0024-4201, 0024-4201 KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Plant Oils -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77757375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.atitle=Rapid+determination+of+double+bond+configuration+and+position+along+the+hydrocarbon+chain+in+cyclic+fatty+acid+monomers.&rft.au=Mossoba%2C+M+M%3BYurawecz%2C+M+P%3BRoach%2C+J+A%3BLin%2C+H+S%3BMcDonald%2C+R+E%3BFlickinger%2C+B+D%3BPerkins%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Mossoba&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lipids&rft.issn=00244201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the exact hazard and survival functions of the MVK stochastic carcinogenesis model. AN - 77723560; 7846316 AB - The MVK two-stage carcinogenesis model is one of the most widely accepted mechanistic models in carcinogenesis modeling. However, due to a perceived difficulty in obtaining analytic solutions for the hazard and survival functions, approximations and numerical methods have been used to calculate these two fundamental quantities. This paper focuses on a special case of the homogeneous MVK model where the number of normal cells is constant. The probability generating function (pgf) for the number of tumor cells is derived, and the exact analytic solutions to the hazard and survival functions are obtained from the pgf. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Zheng, Q AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1081 EP - 1084 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Models, Statistical KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Cell Survival KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic KW - Proportional Hazards Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77723560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=On+the+exact+hazard+and+survival+functions+of+the+MVK+stochastic+carcinogenesis+model.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1081&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction and mutagenic activation of nitroaromatic compounds by a Mycobacterium sp. AN - 76923596; 7811065 AB - Mycobacterium sp. strain Pyr-1 cells, which were grown to the stationary phase in media with and without pyrene, were centrifuged and resuspended in a medium containing 1-nitropyrene. Cells that had been grown with pyrene oxidized up to 20% of the added 1-nitropyrene to 1-nitropyrene-cis-9,10- and 4,5-dihydrodiols. However, cells that had been grown without pyrene reduced up to 70% of the 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene but did not produce dihydrodiols. The nitroreductase activity was oxygen insensitive, intracellular, and inducible by nitro compounds. Nitroreductase activity was inhibited by p-chlorobenzoic acid, o-iodosobenzoic acid, menadione, dicumarol, and antimycin A. Extracts from cells that had been grown without pyrene activated 1-nitropyrene, 1-amino-7-nitrofluorene, 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, and 6-nitrochrysene to DNA-damaging products, as shown in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains by the reversion assay and by induction of the umuC gene. Activation of nitro compounds, as shown by the umu test, was enhanced by NADPH. This study shows that Mycobacterium sp. strain Pyr-1 metabolizes nitroaromatic compounds by both oxidative and reductive pathways. During reduction, it generates products that are mutagenic. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Rafii, F AU - Selby, A L AU - Newton, R K AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 4263 EP - 4267 VL - 60 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - umuC KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Pyrenes KW - UmuC protein, E coli KW - 98059-80-4 KW - Nitroreductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Nitroreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Nitroreductases -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Biotransformation KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76923596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+and+mutagenic+activation+of+nitroaromatic+compounds+by+a+Mycobacterium+sp.&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BSelby%2C+A+L%3BNewton%2C+R+K%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - umuC N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1980 Dec;40(12):4599-605 [6893679] J Biochem. 1981 Mar;89(3):855-9 [7026544] Mutat Res. 1982 Feb 22;92(1-2):29-37 [7045649] Biochimie. 1982 Aug-Sep;64(8-9):731-3 [6291640] Cancer Res. 1983 May;43(5):2052-8 [6339047] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):217-67 [6300670] Mutat Res. 1983 May;113(3-4):173-215 [6341825] Cancer Res. 1983 Jul;43(7):3132-7 [6687833] Carcinogenesis. 1983 Aug;4(8):985-90 [6347427] Gene. 1983 Aug;23(2):167-74 [6311684] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Sep;46(3):596-604 [6639014] Mutat Res. 1984 Nov-Dec;138(2-3):113-25 [6392870] Mutat Res. 1985 Mar;149(1):25-32 [3883150] Mutat Res. 1985 Oct;147(5):219-29 [3900709] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Sep;50(3):649-55 [3907498] Mutat Res. 1986 Jun;161(1):99-108 [3702899] Microbiol Immunol. 1986;30(10):979-92 [3796318] Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Jun 15;36(12):1979-87 [3297069] Drug Metab Rev. 1987;18(1):23-53 [3311683] Mutat Res. 1987 Dec;192(4):239-46 [3317033] Mutagenesis. 1987 Nov;2(6):431-2 [3328034] Cancer Res. 1988 Aug 1;48(15):4261-5 [3390822] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1612-4 [3415226] Mutat Res. 1989 Apr;225(4):157-63 [2648140] Cancer Res. 1989 Nov 15;49(22):6304-12 [2509067] J Biol Chem. 1991 Mar 5;266(7):4119-25 [1999405] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Apr;57(4):962-8 [2059053] Arch Microbiol. 1991;156(3):223-30 [1953305] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Dec;12(12):2317-23 [1747934] Mutat Res. 1992 Oct;272(2):91-9 [1383753] Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Dec 15;44(12):2289-95 [1472094] J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75 [14907713] Erratum In: Appl Environ Microbiol 1995 Apr;61(4):1677 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity, metabolism, DNA incorporation with lack of repair, and lactate production for 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in U-937 and MOLT-4 cells. AN - 76916557; 7808443 AB - Two cell lines, U-937 and MOLT-4, were used to investigate the toxicity, DNA incorporation, and effect on mitochondria of 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) and its putative metabolite 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-uracil (FAU). After 72-hr incubation, the IC50 values for FIAU were 6.4 microM for U-937 cells and 26 microM for MOLT-4 cells. IC50 values for FAU were 10-fold higher in both cell lines. Incubation for 24 hr with 10 microM [2-14C]FIAU led to 2.1% and 0.93% replacement of thymidine in DNA of U-937 and MOLT-4 cells, respectively. The predominant radioactive species measurable in DNA was FIAU. A similar incubation with [2-14C]FAU resulted in 4-fold lower DNA incorporation of a single radioactive species that coeluted with 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (FMAU). There was no evidence of a selective repair process after DNA incorporation of FIAU or FAU (FMAU). Increased intracellular concentrations of FIAU triphosphate and incorporation into DNA were associated with an increase in cellular toxicity. Continuous exposure to a clinically achievable concentration of FIAU, 0.44 microM, produced a constant DNA incorporation of 0.80% and 0.11% for U-937 and MOLT-4 cells, respectively. FIAU was not readily metabolized to FAU or iodouracil by human liver in vitro. Compared with 2',3'-dideoxycytidine as a positive control, after 12 days of continuous exposure of U-937 and MOLT-4 cells to FIAU there was no evidence of increased lactate production. These data negate several possible mechanisms (DNA chain termination, DNA polymerase inhibition, one form of selective mitochondrial poisoning, and FAU-mediated toxicity) and provide clues for possible mechanisms (FIAU triphosphate concentration and DNA incorporation). Further work is needed to develop a complete explanation for the delayed hepatic toxicity observed in the investigational clinical trials of FIAU. JF - Molecular pharmacology AU - Klecker, R W AU - Katki, A G AU - Collins, J M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1204 EP - 1209 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0026-895X, 0026-895X KW - Lactates KW - 0 KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil KW - 3083-77-0 KW - fialuridine KW - 53T7IN77LC KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lactates -- metabolism KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- analogs & derivatives KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- toxicity KW - Arabinofuranosyluracil -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76916557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Toxicity%2C+metabolism%2C+DNA+incorporation+with+lack+of+repair%2C+and+lactate+production+for+1-%282%27-fluoro-2%27-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl%29-5-iodouracil+in+U-937+and+MOLT-4+cells.&rft.au=Klecker%2C+R+W%3BKatki%2C+A+G%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Klecker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+pharmacology&rft.issn=0026895X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in alveolar lavage materials and lung microsomal xenobiotic metabolism following exposures to HCl-washed or unwashed crystalline silica. AN - 76883776; 7992313 AB - Intratracheal exposures of rats to crystalline silica washed with HCl to remove iron contaminants have previously been shown to increase lung surfactant phospholipids (PL) and proteins and to alter the pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P450 system. We compared these effects of HCl-washed silica with those produced by exposures to unwashed silica and alumina. Both silica preparations produce increases in lung weights and alveolar lavage PL and proteins, but to different degrees. The increases produced by HCl-washed vs unwashed silica are lung weights, 2.2- vs 1.3-fold; lavage PL, 25.9- vs 3.7-fold; and lavage proteins, 11.1- vs 3.2-fold, respectively. Although the two silica particles increase lung microsomal protein concentrations (expressed per gram lung) by 50-60%, their effects on cytochrome P-450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism are quite different. Exposure to HCl-washed silica leads to a 2.3-fold increase in 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P4501A1, and a 0.5- to 0.6-fold reduction in 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, a reaction which may be catalyzed by cytochrome P-4502B1. Unwashed silica does not alter the metabolism of either xenobiotic when results are expressed per milligram microsomal protein. Administration of alumina produces only minor increases in lung weight and lavage PL and no effect on microsomal xenobiotic metabolism. These results show that the increases in alveolar lavage PL and proteins induced by administration of unwashed silica are exaggerated by 3- to 7-fold if the silica is treated with HCl. Furthermore, exposure to HCl-washed silica results in significant alterations of the lung microsomal cytochrome P450 system, but the unwashed silica has little effect. Although the reason(s) for these different effects is not known, measurements of iron levels and formation of hydroxyl radicals using ESR demonstrate that there is more iron associated with the unwashed than with the HCl-washed silica. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Miles, P R AU - Bowman, L AU - Jones, W G AU - Berry, D S AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 235 EP - 242 VL - 129 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Phospholipids KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Xenobiotics KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Hydrochloric Acid KW - QTT17582CB KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Particle Size KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - Iron -- isolation & purification KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Microsomes -- metabolism KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- physiology KW - Microsomes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76883776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+alveolar+lavage+materials+and+lung+microsomal+xenobiotic+metabolism+following+exposures+to+HCl-washed+or+unwashed+crystalline+silica.&rft.au=Miles%2C+P+R%3BBowman%2C+L%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BBerry%2C+D+S%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avoiding problems with liquid medications and dosing devices. AN - 76842221; 7619108 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - December 1994 SP - 1771 EP - 1772 VL - 50 IS - 8 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Syringes -- adverse effects KW - Drug Delivery Systems -- instrumentation KW - Drug Delivery Systems -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76842221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Avoiding+problems+with+liquid+medications+and+dosing+devices.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am Fam Physician. 1995 Jun;51(8):1821 [7762471] Am Fam Physician. 1995 Jun;51(8):1821 [7762472] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of within-group variation in CYP1A mRNA inducibility in environmentally exposed and chemically treated Atlantic tomcod. AN - 36361240; 201002-31-0247255 (CE); 11701596 (EN) AB - CYP1A gene expression has been implicated in the processing of environmental procarcinogens and levels of variation in CYP1A mRNA expression are high in both environmentally exposed and chemically treated Atlantic tomcod. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical and biological parameters such as temperature, sex, and reproductive state on within-group variation in CYP1A mRNA induction. Levels of variation in CYP1A mRNA expression were directly correlated with mean levels of gene induction. Our results indicate that sex and reproductive state, but not temperature, had significant effects on CYP1A mRNA inducibility in tomcod; however, these parameters did not account for all interindividual variation in CYP1A inducibility. Other intrinsic biological factors, such as genetic polymorphisms in molecular pathways leading to CYP1A induction, may contribute to the high levels of interindividual variation in CYP1A inducibility in Atlantic tomcod. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Courtenay, S AU - Williams, P J AU - Grunwald, C AU - Konkle, B AU - Ong, T L AU - Wirgin, I I AD - Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Moncton, New Brunswick. PY - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Sex KW - Exposure KW - Biological KW - Genetics KW - Genes KW - Assessments KW - Polymorphism KW - Gene expression KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36361240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+within-group+variation+in+CYP1A+mRNA+inducibility+in+environmentally+exposed+and+chemically+treated+Atlantic+tomcod.&rft.au=Courtenay%2C+S%3BWilliams%2C+P+J%3BGrunwald%2C+C%3BKonkle%2C+B%3BOng%2C+T+L%3BWirgin%2C+I+I&rft.aulast=Courtenay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The wildlife/human connection: modernizing risk decisions. AN - 36360760; 201002-31-0247257 (CE); 11701598 (EN) AB - This article proposes that genetic and molecular ecotoxicology can play an important role in making policy and risk assessment decisions concerning xenobiotics. It calls for a greater awareness by ecotoxicologists to the effects in wildlife and humans resulting from transgenerational exposure to synthetic chemicals that interfere with gene expression and differentiation. The difficulty of recognizing these effects on the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems in developing embryos is described and suggests why effects of this nature have traditionally not been addressed when determining risk to synthetic chemicals. Specific examples are cited of environmental effects on hormonally responsive tissue in wildlife populations which could be used as models for assessing human exposure to synthetic chemicals. Evidence is presented that the environmental load of synthetic chemicals has reached critical levels at which wildlife and human health are at risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Colborn, T AD - World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA. PY - 1994 SP - 55 EP - 59 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Wildlife management KW - Human KW - Risk KW - Health KW - Decisions KW - Nervous system KW - Genetics KW - Joints KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+wildlife%2Fhuman+connection%3A+modernizing+risk+decisions.&rft.au=Colborn%2C+T&rft.aulast=Colborn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress. AN - 36360033; 201002-31-0247246 (CE); 11701587 (EN) AB - Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly formed in the human body, often for useful metabolic purposes. Antioxidant defenses protect against them, but these defenses are not completely adequate, and systems that repair damage by ROS are also necessary. Mild oxidative stress often induces antioxidant defense enzymes, but severe stress can cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA within cells, leading to such events as DNA strand breakage and disruption of calcium ion metabolism. Oxidative stress can result from exposure to toxic agents, and by the process of tissue injury itself. Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and cigarette smoke can cause oxidative damage; but the molecular targets that they damage may not be the same. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Halliwell, B AU - Cross, C E AD - University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento. PY - 1994 SP - 5 EP - 12 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Damage KW - Stresses KW - Antioxidants KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Enzymes KW - Free radicals KW - Smoke KW - Human body KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Oxygen-derived+species%3A+their+relation+to+human+disease+and+environmental+stress.&rft.au=Halliwell%2C+B%3BCross%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Halliwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of renal metabolism in risk to toxic chemicals. AN - 36357261; 201002-31-0247252 (CE); 11701593 (EN) AB - The kidneys are capable of carrying out extensive oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation reactions. Renal cortex has high activities of cytochrome P450 and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. In contrast, renal medulla has high activity of prostaglandin synthetase, which can catalyze co-oxidation of xenobiotics. While these pathways are found in many tissues and at higher activities than in kidney, several key enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are found at especially high activities in cells of the renal proximal tubule. Investigations over the last two decades demonstrated that GSH conjugation is not only a mechanism for detoxification of reactive electrophiles. Rather, metabolism of GSH S-conjugates to the corresponding cysteine S-conjugates represents a branch point: cysteine S-conjugates may be metabolized by the cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyl-transferase to mercapturic acids, which are nontoxic and are excreted, or they may be substrates for the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, which catalyzes either a beta-elimination or a transamination reaction to produce unstable thiols. These thiols rearrange to form potent acylating species that can covalently bind to cellular macromolecules, thereby producing cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. In addition to the beta-lyase, two other renal enzymes, L-2-amino (2-hydroxy) acid oxidase and cysteine conjugate S-oxidase, can bioactivate chemicals to produce nephrotoxic species. Several halogenated alkanes and alkenes are bioactivated by these pathways. These findings show that mammalian kidney is highly active in bioactivation of xenobiotics. Although the properties of the corresponding enzymes in humans may differ, it is clear that renal metabolism can be a critical determinant of risk to chemical injury. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lash, L H AD - Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. PY - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 79 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cysteine KW - Biocompatibility KW - Enzymes KW - Kidneys KW - Surgical implants KW - Biomedical materials KW - Metabolism KW - Pathways KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Role+of+renal+metabolism+in+risk+to+toxic+chemicals.&rft.au=Lash%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Lash&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidants, antioxidants, and respiratory tract lining fluids. AN - 36355592; 201002-31-0247242 (CE); 11701583 (EN) AB - Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) are a heterogeneous group of substances covering the respiratory tract epithelial cells (RTECs) from nasal mucosa to alveoli. Antioxidant contained in the RTLFs can be expected to provide an initial defense against inhaled environmental toxins. The major antioxidants in RTLF include mucin, uric acid, protein (largely albumin), ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione (GSH). RTLF antioxidants can be augmented by such processes as transudation/exudation of plasma constituents; RTEC secretory processes, including glandular mucus secretion; and cellular antioxidants derived from lysis of RTECs and of inflammatory cells. The antioxidant composition of RTLFs and their role in modulating normal and pathophysiologic RTEC functions under conditions of oxidative stress are yet to be fully characterized. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cross, C E AU - van der Vliet, A AU - O'Neill, C A AU - Louie, S AU - Halliwell, B AD - University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817. PY - 1994 SP - 185 EP - 191 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Antioxidants KW - Fluid flow KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Fluids KW - Secretions KW - Cellular KW - Mucus KW - Oxidants KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Oxidants%2C+antioxidants%2C+and+respiratory+tract+lining+fluids.&rft.au=Cross%2C+C+E%3Bvan+der+Vliet%2C+A%3BO%27Neill%2C+C+A%3BLouie%2C+S%3BHalliwell%2C+B&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic and heritable effects of environmental genotoxins and the emergence of evolutionary toxicology. AN - 36349677; 201002-31-0247254 (CE); 11701595 (EN) AB - The genetic effects of environmental pollutants include mutations in somatic cells or germinal cells that are the direct result of exposure to toxicants. Biomarkers that detect such mutagenic effects have been developed and tested in field studies on wildlife populations. However, another class of genetic effects resulting from pollution exposure exists. Specifically, changes in allele frequencies of populations will occur as a result of population bottlenecks, inbreeding, or selection at loci critical for survival in polluted environments. We describe how such genetic alterations can be studied at the population level using the techniques of molecular genetics, and we predict the development of a new field, evolutionary toxicology, that will address such issues. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bickham, J W AU - Smolen, M J AD - Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA. PY - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 28 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genetics KW - Populations KW - Evolutionary KW - Toxicology KW - Survival KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Pollutants KW - Loci KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Somatic+and+heritable+effects+of+environmental+genotoxins+and+the+emergence+of+evolutionary+toxicology.&rft.au=Bickham%2C+J+W%3BSmolen%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Bickham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic determinants of embryotoxicity in rats associated with organic acids. AN - 36348717; 201002-31-0247249 (CE); 11701590 (EN) AB - We have studied four organic acids of similar structure to further understand the basis of their developmental toxicity. Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid), ethylhexanoic acid, and octanoic acid are isomeric C8 organic acids but their teratologic potency varied widely. Valproic acid induced a moderate to severe teratologic outcome after a single oral administration of 6.25 mmoles/kg on day 12 of rat pregnancy. Twice as much ethylhexanoic acid (12.5 mmoles/kg) induced a less severe response. Octanoic acid was nonteratogenic even at the very high dose of 18.75 mmoles/kg. This latter result is undoubtedly due to poor intestinal absorption of octanoic acid, as the maternal plasma levels never reached half of those measured for valproic acid and ethylhexanoic acid. Moreover, only a tiny fraction of that in maternal plasma was actually transferred into the embryo. On the other hand, the peak concentration and duration of exposure to valproic acid and ethylhexanoic acid were very similar despite a more severe teratologic outcome following valproic acid, which indicated higher intrinsic activity of this latter agent. A fourth agent, methylhexanoic acid, was also studied and had no teratogenic effects when given at 14.1 mmoles/kg. Pharmacokinetic studies of this agent revealed higher peak concentrations in maternal plasma and embryo than valproic acid or ethylhexanoic acid, but the duration of exposure was shorter. We conclude that pharmacokinetic parameters can be important determinants of teratologic outcome and thereby help explain differing potencies of structurally similar chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Scott, W J AU - Collins, M D AU - Nau, H AD - Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1994 SP - 97 EP - 101 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Octanoic acid KW - Organic acids KW - Embryos KW - Determinants KW - Toxicity KW - Pregnancy KW - Health KW - Rats KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+determinants+of+embryotoxicity+in+rats+associated+with+organic+acids.&rft.au=Scott%2C+W+J%3BCollins%2C+M+D%3BNau%2C+H&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology: A Research Framework AN - 36348607; 201002-31-0247256 (CE); 11701597 (EN) AB - Participants at the Napa Conference on Genetic and Molecular Ecotoxicology assessed the status of this field in light of heightened concerns about the genetic effects of exposure to hazardous substances and recent advancements in our capabilities to measure those effects. We present here a synthesis of the ideas discussed throughout the conference, including definitions of important concepts in the field and critical research needs and opportunities. While there were many opinions expressed on these topics, there was general agreement that there are substantive new opportunities to improve the impact of genetic and molecular ecotoxicology on prediction of sublethal effects of exposure to hazardous substances. Future studies should emphasize integration of genetic ecotoxicology, ecological genetics, and molecular biology and should be directed toward improving our understanding of the ecological implications of genotoxic responses. Ecological implications may be assessed at either the population or ecosystem level; however, a population-level focus may be most pragmatic. Recent technical advancements in measuring genetic and molecular responses to toxicant exposure will spur rapid progress. These new techniques have considerable promise for increasing our understanding of both mechanisms of toxicity on genes or gene products and the relevance of detrimental effects to individual fitness. a Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 12):3a8 (1994) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Anderson, Susan AU - Sadinski, Walter AU - Shugart, Lee AU - Brussard, Peter AU - Depledge, Michael AU - Ford, Tim AU - Hose, JoEllen AU - Stegeman, John AU - Suk, William AU - Wirgin, Isaac AU - Wogan, Gerald PY - 1994 SP - 3 EP - 8 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genetics KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Conferences KW - Genes KW - Health KW - Hazardous KW - Toxicity KW - Fitness KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+Molecular+Ecotoxicology%3A+A+Research+Framework&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Susan%3BSadinski%2C+Walter%3BShugart%2C+Lee%3BBrussard%2C+Peter%3BDepledge%2C+Michael%3BFord%2C+Tim%3BHose%2C+JoEllen%3BStegeman%2C+John%3BSuk%2C+William%3BWirgin%2C+Isaac%3BWogan%2C+Gerald&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoromicroscopic studies of bleomycin-induced intracellular oxidation in alveolar macrophages and its inhibition by taurine. AN - 36343783; 201002-31-0247248 (CE); 11701589 (EN) AB - The mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is not yet clear. Recent studies have shown that alveolar macrophages (AM) can be stimulated by bleomycin in vitro releasing inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the interaction of bleomycin with AM is an important step in the drug-induced fibrotic process. Bleomycin is known to bind DNA and generate oxygen radicals through complexation with Fe2+ and oxygen. To provide more insight into the cellular oxidative property of bleomycin, we have developed a fluoromicroscopic method using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) as an oxidative fluorescence probe to study the bleomycin-induced intracellular oxidation in rat AM and the inhibition of the oxidation by taurine, a compound known to inhibit the bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Bleomycin at 5 to 20 micrograms/ml has a moderate stimulatory effect (1.87- to 2.66-fold) on the secretion of superoxide anion. A high concentration of bleomycin (20 micrograms/ml), however, inhibits cell response to zymosan-induced secretion of superoxide anion. At 4 micrograms/ml, bleomycin has no effect on cell membrane integrity or morphology but results in a significant increase in intracellular oxidation. This oxidative process is Fe(2+)-dependent and is accompanied by an increase in intracellular calcium (35 nM). Both the intracellular oxidation and calcium rise induced by internalized bleomycin are inhibited by pretreatment of cells with varying concentrations of taurine (25, 125, and 187.5 microM). The inhibitory effect on intracellular oxidation was found to be 36, 57, and 60%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bhat, M AU - Rojanasakul, Y AU - Weber, S L AU - Ma, J Y AU - Castranova, V AU - Banks, D E AU - Ma, J K AD - School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506. PY - 1994 SP - 91 EP - 96 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Oxidation KW - Secretions KW - Anions KW - Macrophages KW - Calcium KW - Inhibition KW - Fibrosis KW - Cellular KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Fluoromicroscopic+studies+of+bleomycin-induced+intracellular+oxidation+in+alveolar+macrophages+and+its+inhibition+by+taurine.&rft.au=Bhat%2C+M%3BRojanasakul%2C+Y%3BWeber%2C+S+L%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BBanks%2C+D+E%3BMa%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bhat&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-1-mediated acute lung injury and tolerance to oxidative injury. AN - 36341847; 201002-31-0247247 (CE); 11701588 (EN) AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a highly potent molecule that has a myriad of effects in biologic systems. This brief review describes some of our findings on the effects of IL-1 in biologic systems. On the one hand, IL-1 treatment caused a neutrophil-dependent acute edematous lung injury that resembled changes in the lungs of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). On the other hand, IL-1 pretreatment conferred a tolerance to lung oxidative lung injury and ischemia-reperfusion insults--again conditions manifest in sick patients. The potential mechanisms responsible for these seemingly paradoxical influences of IL-1 are described and related to possible strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS, ischemia-reperfusion disorders, and other oxidant-mediated conditions. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Repine, J E AD - Webb-Waring Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. PY - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 78 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Biological effects KW - Lungs KW - Injuries KW - Patients KW - Tolerances KW - Strategy KW - Disorders KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1-mediated+acute+lung+injury+and+tolerance+to+oxidative+injury.&rft.au=Repine%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Repine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of oxidant gases and particulate air pollutants: uncertainties and research needs. AN - 36341015; 201002-31-0247245 (CE); 11701586 (EN) AB - The assessment of risks to human health associated with exposure to oxidant air pollutants has not received adequate attention despite the recognized public health threat posed by the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in the environment. In this article, research needs and uncertainties at each of the steps in the risk assessment of oxidant air pollutants are identified: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Many of these limitations and uncertainties arise at the interface between the laboratory and the regulatory arenas. Therefore, as a case study, relevant methodologic problems associated with the application of experimental findings to the risk assessment of respirable dusts are also discussed. These issues include the extrapolation of animal data to the human case and extrapolation from high-dose to environmentally relevant, low-level exposures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Samet, J M AU - Pepelko, W E AU - Sonawane, B AU - Hatch, G E AU - Driscoll, K E AU - Oberdorster, G AD - Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina. PY - 1994 SP - 209 EP - 213 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Pollutants KW - Assessments KW - Risk assessment KW - Uncertainty KW - Oxidants KW - Oxidizing agents KW - Extrapolation KW - Human KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+oxidant+gases+and+particulate+air+pollutants%3A+uncertainties+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Samet%2C+J+M%3BPepelko%2C+W+E%3BSonawane%2C+B%3BHatch%2C+G+E%3BDriscoll%2C+K+E%3BOberdorster%2C+G&rft.aulast=Samet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population genetic structure and ecotoxicology. AN - 36340043; 201002-31-0247253 (CE); 11701594 (EN) AB - Electrophoretic analyses of population genetic structure, both in the laboratory and in the field, have documented significant shifts in allozyme genotype frequencies in a variety of aquatic taxa as a result of environmental impacts. Studies are documented which indicate that contaminants may select for individuals with tolerant allozyme genotypes, causing the potential loss of individuals with sensitive genotypes. This may diminish the genetic variability and fitness of affected populations and make them more susceptible to extinction following a subsequent stress. Future research involving population genetic structure and ecotoxicology should focus on determining the mechanism of sensitivity, documenting multigenerational effects of chronic laboratory exposure on population genetic composition, investigating whether previously stressed and genetically impacted populations are more susceptible to further natural and/or anthropogenic stressors, and establishing the utility of population genetic structure as a sensitive monitor of impacts in aquatic systems and their subsequent remediation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Guttman, S I AD - Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA. PY - 1994 SP - 97 EP - 100 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genetics KW - Monitors KW - Environmental impact KW - Contaminants KW - Composition effects KW - Remediation KW - Utilities KW - Fitness KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36340043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Population+genetic+structure+and+ecotoxicology.&rft.au=Guttman%2C+S+I&rft.aulast=Guttman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic factors influencing risk assessment: saturation of biochemical processes and cofactor depletion. AN - 36340022; 201002-31-0247251 (CE); 11701592 (EN) AB - Models generally consider risk to be a function of the hazard (toxicity) and exposure (dose). That function is best described by the dose response of the toxic effect. For any risk assessment system to be effective, it should consider that dose-response relationship. Saturation phenomena often produce nonlinear dose curves, and any risk assessment system should be able to address such effects. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics offer an approach to deal with these nonlinear responses. Some historic risk models and common saturable processes are discussed. The impact of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on risk evaluation and the kinetics of some saturable processes are considered. Specific examples have been selected to demonstrate the importance of saturation of processes in assessing the hazard of chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sumner, D D AU - Stevens, J T AD - CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Agricultural Division, Greensboro, NC 27419, USA. PY - 1994 SP - 13 EP - 22 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Saturation KW - Risk assessment KW - Risk KW - Nonlinearity KW - Hazards KW - Toxicity KW - Biochemistry KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36340022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+factors+influencing+risk+assessment%3A+saturation+of+biochemical+processes+and+cofactor+depletion.&rft.au=Sumner%2C+D+D%3BStevens%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of physiologic pharmacokinetic modeling in carcinogenic risk assessment. AN - 36337179; 201002-31-0247250 (CE); 11701591 (EN) AB - The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models has been proposed as a means of estimating the dose of the reactive metabolites of carcinogenic xenobiotics reaching target tissues, thereby affording an opportunity to base estimates of potential cancer risk on tissue dose rather than external levels of exposure. In this article, we demonstrate how a PBPK model can be constructed by specifying mass-balance equations for each physiological compartment included in the model. In general, this leads to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with which to characterize the compartment system. These equations then can be solved numerically to determine the concentration of metabolites in each compartment as functions of time. In the special case of a linear pharmacokinetic system, we present simple closed-form expressions for the area under the concentration-time curves (AUC) in individual tissue compartments. A general relationship between the AUC in blood and other tissue compartments is also established. These results are of use in identifying those parameters in the models that characterize the integrated tissue dose, and which should therefore be the primary focus of sensitivity analyses. Applications of PBPK modeling for purposes of tissue dosimetry are reviewed, including models developed for methylene chloride, ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, 1-nitropyrene, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. Special considerations in PBPK modeling related to aging, topical absorption, pregnancy, and mixed exposures are discussed. The linkage between pharmacokinetic models used for tissue dosimetry and pharmacodynamic models for neoplastic transformation of stem cells in the target tissue is explored. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Krewski, D AU - Withey, J R AU - Ku, L F AU - Andersen, M E AD - Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. PY - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 50 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Compartments KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Carcinogens KW - Metabolites KW - Dosimeters KW - Dosimetry KW - Estimating KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Applications+of+physiologic+pharmacokinetic+modeling+in+carcinogenic+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Krewski%2C+D%3BWithey%2C+J+R%3BKu%2C+L+F%3BAndersen%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Krewski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nondestructive biomarkers in ecotoxicology. AN - 36335741; 201002-31-0247258 (CE); 11701599 (EN) AB - The aim of this article is to attempt a concise review of the state of the art of the nondestructive biomarkers approach in vertebrates, establishing a consensus on the most useful and sensitive nondestructive biomarker techniques, and proposing research priorities for the development and validation of this promising methodology. The following topics are discussed: the advantages of the use of nondestructive strategies in biomonitoring programs and the research fields in which nondestructive biomarkers can be applied; the biological materials suitable for nondestructive biomarkers and residue analysis in vertebrates; which biomarkers lend themselves to noninvasive techniques; and the validation and implementation strategy of the nondestructive biomarker approach. Examples of applications of this methodology in the hazard assessment of endangered species are also presented. Images Figure 1. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fossi, M C AD - Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, University of Siena, Italy. PY - 1994 SP - 49 EP - 54 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Strategy KW - Vertebrates KW - Biological materials KW - Images KW - Methodology KW - C (programming language) KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Residues KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+biomarkers+in+ecotoxicology.&rft.au=Fossi%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Fossi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of oxygen-derived radicals in biological systems using electron spin resonance. AN - 36333068; 201002-31-0247240 (CE); 11701581 (EN) AB - Oxygen-centered radicals, particularly the hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, have been postulated in many biochemical reactions and have been implicated in many adverse reactions in vivo. This article begins with a review of spin-trapping detection of oxygen-centered radicals in vitro and concludes with a presentation of our approach to the detection of the hydroxyl radicals in models of acute iron and copper poisoning. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mason, R P AU - Hanna, P M AU - Burkitt, M J AU - Kadiiska, M B AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. PY - 1994 SP - 33 EP - 36 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Radicals KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - In vivo testing KW - Biomedical materials KW - Electron spin resonance KW - In vivo tests KW - Biochemistry KW - Electron paramagnetic resonance KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36333068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Detection+of+oxygen-derived+radicals+in+biological+systems+using+electron+spin+resonance.&rft.au=Mason%2C+R+P%3BHanna%2C+P+M%3BBurkitt%2C+M+J%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms associated with human alveolar macrophage stimulation by particulates. AN - 36332604; 201002-31-0247241 (CE); 11701582 (EN) AB - Asbestos and silica are well-known fibrogenic dusts. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to fibrosis as a consequence of asbestos or silica inhalation. Previous studies have shown that asbestos stimulates superoxide anion production in alveolar macrophages through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway. In contrast, silica does not appear to activate this pathway nor stimulate superoxide anion production, but silica does stimulate cytokine release by some undetermined pathway. Therefore, using human alveolar macrophages isolated from normal healthy volunteers, we evaluated the potential involvement of intracellular calcium and tyrosine kinases as potential signal transduction pathways. In the absence of serum, crystalline silica, and to a lesser extent amorphous silica, caused a rapid and dose-dependent elevation of intracellular calcium coming from the extracellular space. However, in the presence of serum, which is required for silica-stimulated cytokine release, neither form of silica caused noticeable elevation of intracellular calcium. Silica, however, did increase the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation, most notably of proteins at approximately 46 and 50 kDa, suggesting activation of a tyrosine kinase pathway. Preincubation of alveolar macrophages for 24 hr with silica-primed human alveolar macrophages for enhanced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS) that was dose dependent. The enhanced LPS-stimulated release of IL-1 beta correlated with enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Taken together, these results indicate that a tyrosine kinase pathway is activated during silica stimulation of human alveolar macrophages. Images Figure 4. A Figure 4. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Holian, A AU - Kelley, K AU - Hamilton, R F AD - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston 77225. PY - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Kinases KW - Silicon dioxide KW - Macrophages KW - Pathways KW - Tyrosine KW - Human KW - Beta KW - Calcium KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+associated+with+human+alveolar+macrophage+stimulation+by+particulates.&rft.au=Holian%2C+A%3BKelley%2C+K%3BHamilton%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Holian&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of carcinogenesis by crystalline silica in relation to oxygen radicals. AN - 36327158; 201002-31-0247239 (CE); 11701580 (EN) AB - The carcinogenic effects of crystalline silica in rat lungs were extensively demonstrated by many experimental long-term studies, showing a marked predominance for adenocarcinomas originating from alveolar type II cells and associated with areas of pulmonary fibrosis (silicosis). In contrast with its effects in rats, silica did not induce alveolar type II hyperplasia and lung tumors in mice and hamsters, pointing to a critical role for host factors. Using these animal models, we are investigating the role of cytokines and other cellular mediators on the proliferation of alveolar type II cells. Immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta 1 precursor in alveolar type II cells adjacent to silicotic granulomas was shown to occur in rats, but not in mice, and hamsters, suggesting a pathogenetic role for this regulatory growth factor. Recent investigations in our laboratory on the biologic mechanisms of crystalline silica included determination of anionic sites on crystalline silica surfaces by binding of the cationic dye Janus Green B; binding of crystalline silica to DNA, demonstrated by infrared spectrometry; production of oxygen radicals by crystalline silica in aqueous media; induction of DNA strand breakage and base oxidation in vitro and its potentiation by superoxide dismutase and by hydrogen peroxide; and induction by crystalline silica of neoplastic transformation and chromosomal damage in cells in culture. On the basis of these in vitro studies, we propose that DNA binding to crystalline silica surfaces may be important in silica carcinogenesis by anchoring DNA close to sites of oxygen radical production on the silica surface, so that the oxygen radicals are produced within a few A from their target DNA nucleotides. Images Figure 3. A Figure 3. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Saffiotti, U AU - Daniel, L N AU - Mao, Y AU - Shi, X AU - Williams, A O AU - Kaighn, M E AD - Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0041. PY - 1994 SP - 159 EP - 163 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Silicon dioxide KW - Crystal structure KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Radicals KW - Binding KW - Carcinogens KW - Mice KW - Hamsters KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36327158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+carcinogenesis+by+crystalline+silica+in+relation+to+oxygen+radicals.&rft.au=Saffiotti%2C+U%3BDaniel%2C+L+N%3BMao%2C+Y%3BShi%2C+X%3BWilliams%2C+A+O%3BKaighn%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Saffiotti&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of the respiratory burst oxidase. AN - 36326836; 201002-31-0247243 (CE); 11701584 (EN) AB - The respiratory burst oxidase of phagocytes and B lymphocytes catalyzes the reduction of oxygen by NADPH to form O2-, the precursor of a group of reactive oxidants that are employed by phagocytes as microbicidal agents. The enzyme is active in stimulated cells but dominant in resting cells. It molecular weight guanine nucleotide-binding protein. The components p22phox and gp91phox from cytochrome b558, a flavohemoprotein that resides in the cortical cytoskeleton and in the membranes of the specific granules. The other components are found in the cytosol of resting cells, but migrate to the cortical cytoskeleton when the neutrophils are activated, where they assemble the active oxidase. Migration to the cortical cytoskeleton is caused in part by the appearance of a membrane binding site on one or more of the cytosolic subunits, possibly due to the phosphorylation of p47phox that takes place during cell activation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Babior, B M AD - Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California. PY - 1994 SP - 53 EP - 56 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Microorganisms KW - Oxidase KW - Activation KW - Membranes KW - Bursting KW - Enzymes KW - Granular materials KW - Oxidants KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36326836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Activation+of+the+respiratory+burst+oxidase.&rft.au=Babior%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Babior&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical advisory: Carotid endarterectomy for patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis AN - 197737054 JF - Stroke AU - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke AU - National Institutes of Health AU - Department of Health and Human Services AD - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ; National Institutes of Health ; Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 1994/12// PY - 1994 DA - Dec 1994 SP - 2523 CY - Hagerstown PB - American Heart Association, Inc. VL - 25 IS - 12 SN - 00392499 KW - Medical Sciences--Cardiovascular Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/197737054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stroke&rft.atitle=Clinical+advisory%3A+Carotid+endarterectomy+for+patients+with+asymptomatic+internal+carotid+artery+stenosis&rft.au=National+Institute+of+Neurological+Disorders+and+Stroke%3BNational+Institutes+of+Health%3BDepartment+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=National+Institute+of+Neurological+Disorders+and+Stroke&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Stroke&rft.issn=00392499&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright American Heart Association, Inc. Dec 1994 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-16 N1 - CODEN - SJCCA7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A direct, general approach based on isobolograms for assessing the joint action of drugs in pre-clinical experiments. AN - 77745129; 7855464 AB - Pharmacologists and other biologists frequently use methods based on the interpretation of isobolograms to quantify the extent of synergy or antagonism between drugs used in combination in pre-clinical studies. Most methods have been unsatisfactory from a statistical viewpoint, many because they have relied solely on visual evaluation, others because the methods have not taken into account the variability of the measurements. We describe a direct approach for quantifying the joint potency of two drugs, a central feature being the use of simple isobole models that lead directly to response surface models for the expected experimental outcomes. The approach is general in the sense that one can use it for discrete or continuous responses, different underlying probability distributions, linear or non-linear dose-response functions of the drugs used singly, and a variety of experimental designs. Our approach extends the suggestions made by Hewlett for measuring the joint potency of drugs, and is similar in spirit to the approaches proposed by Greco et al. and Weinstein et al. We describe the analysis of data from an in vitro experiment conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the antiviral drugs AZT and ddI used in combination. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Machado, S G AU - Robinson, G A AD - Division of Biometrics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/11/30/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 30 SP - 2289 EP - 2309 VL - 13 IS - 22 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Drug Antagonism KW - HIV-1 -- drug effects KW - Didanosine -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77745129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=A+direct%2C+general+approach+based+on+isobolograms+for+assessing+the+joint+action+of+drugs+in+pre-clinical+experiments.&rft.au=Machado%2C+S+G%3BRobinson%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Machado&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-30&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitroreduction of 1- and 3-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene resulting in formation of N2-deoxyguanosinyl adducts through long-range migration. AN - 77794261; 7696536 AB - We recently reported that the reaction of N-hydroxy-3-aminobenzo[a] pyrene with calf thymus DNA produced 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-aminobenzo[a]pyrene as the predominant adduct. The deoxyguanosinyl group of this adduct resides at the C6 position, which is remote from the reaction site, the nitrenium ion. It is significant to determine if formation of this type of DNA adduct is general and whether or not adduct formation is due to an increase in the stabilization of the nitrenium ion by increasing aromaticity. Thus, reduction of 1-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, 3-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, and 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, both chemically and enzymatically, followed by reaction with calf thymus DNA was investigated. DNA was isolated and enzymatically digested, and the resulting modified nucleosides were separated by HPLC. Upon spectral analyses by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-1-amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a] pyrene, 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, and 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-1-aminobenzo[a]pyrene were identified, respectively. The same DNA adducts were formed from xanthine oxidase-mediated reductive metabolism of 1-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, 3-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, and 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene in the presence of calf thymus DNA. Thee results indicate that formation of N2-deoxyguanosinyl adducts of this type is common and that increasing the aromaticity by increasing the number of aromatic rings is not a decisive factor in directing their formation. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Evans, F E AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1994 SP - 806 EP - 814 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Mutagens KW - Nitro Compounds KW - 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 70021-99-7 KW - 1-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 88598-56-5 KW - 3-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 88598-57-6 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Thymus Gland -- enzymology KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Benzopyrenes -- chemistry KW - Nitro Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nitro Compounds -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Benzopyrenes -- toxicity KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77794261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Nitroreduction+of+1-+and+3-nitro-7%2C8%2C9%2C10-tetrahydrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+1-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+resulting+in+formation+of+N2-deoxyguanosinyl+adducts+through+long-range+migration.&rft.au=Herreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Herreno-Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of reduced perfusion and reperfusion on c-fos and HSP-72 protein immunohistochemistry in gestational day 21 rat brains. AN - 77775084; 7900542 AB - Metabolic stressors such as hyperthermia, seizures and ischemic hypoxia result in the induction of c-fos and heat-shock proteins (HSP) in affected brain cells of the adult rodent, especially within the hippocampal region, which normally has high metabolic demands. Here we ligated the uterine vessels of gestational day (GD) 21 rat pups to produce ischemic hypoxia. We confirmed that HSP-72 protein, as previously reported, was activated in the perinatal rat pup, especially in the hippocampal CA3 region. However, the capability of hippocampal cells to produce c-fos protein following drug-induced seizures has been reported to develop only after postnatal day 13. Here, ischemic hypoxia caused CA1 hippocampal cells to produce immunohistochemically detectable c-fos protein in GD-21 rats. These results seem to contradict the previous reports of no c-fos induction in rats this young by demonstrating a functional c-fos translational mechanism by GD-21. However, seizure vs ischemic hypoxia-induced c-fos expression may involve several different pre-translational pathways. A delayed development of a receptor, second messenger, or genomic element for regulating c-fos transcription remain as possible explanations for the late maturity of responsivity to seizures. JF - International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience AU - Binienda, Z AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0736-5748, 0736-5748 KW - c-fos KW - HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Brain Ischemia -- metabolism KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Reperfusion Injury -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- metabolism KW - Cerebrovascular Circulation -- physiology KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77775084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+reduced+perfusion+and+reperfusion+on+c-fos+and+HSP-72+protein+immunohistochemistry+in+gestational+day+21+rat+brains.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.issn=07365748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - c-fos N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postnatal methylazoxymethanol: sensitive periods and regional selectivity of effects. AN - 77765441; 7862061 AB - Work on neonatal MAM exposure has focused primarily on exposure within the first week postpartum, and on resulting hypoplasia or stunting of the cerebellum. Rats in this study were exposed to MAM on 4 consecutive postnatal days (PND), beginning at one of six ages, from birth through weaning (PND 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, or 21). MAM was administered subcutaneously in doses of 3, 4, or 5 mg/kg twice per day. Rats were sacrificed at PNDs 28 or 84. The most sensitive age for MAM-induced stunting was determined to be PNDs 1-4. When 5 mg/kg MAM was administered twice daily on PNDs 1-4, body weight was reduced by 24% at age 28 days. Additionally, when compared to control rats, brains of the 28-day-old rats were stunted as follows: whole brain (11%), cerebellum (35%), hippocampus (11%), and olfactory bulb (27%). The effects of PND 1-4 MAM exposure were still evident at 84 days of age when cerebellum and olfactory bulbs from treated rats weighed 30% less than those same regions in control rats. These findings indicate that neonatal exposure to MAM results in permanent stunting in select regions of developing rat brain. This stunting, along with other known MAM effects, can be tailored by exposure age and dose to augment the use of MAM as a positive control for investigation of compounds with neurotoxic potential. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Sullivan-Jones, P AU - Ali, S F AU - Gough, B AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. PY - 1994 SP - 631 EP - 637 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - methylazoxymethanol KW - JGG19N3YDQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Olfactory Bulb -- pathology KW - Age Factors KW - Olfactory Bulb -- drug effects KW - Organ Specificity KW - Cerebellum -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77765441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Postnatal+methylazoxymethanol%3A+sensitive+periods+and+regional+selectivity+of+effects.&rft.au=Sullivan-Jones%2C+P%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BGough%2C+B%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Sullivan-Jones&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality patterns of US female construction workers by race, 1979-1990. AN - 77761437; 7861267 AB - In 1990, the US construction industry employed 7.6 million workers, of whom 8% were women. Only one epidemiologic study for women employed in the construction industry was previously published. We analyzed usual occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 28 states between 1979 and 1990 to evaluate mortality patterns among both black and white female construction industry workers. Proportionate mortality for cancer and several other chronic diseases was significantly elevated among 2,273 white female and 197 black female construction workers. White women younger than age 65 at death had significantly elevated proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for all cancer, lung cancer, and traumatic fatalities. Black women younger than age 65 at death had a significantly elevated PMR for traumatic fatalities. Elevated mortality for specific cancer sites and other diseases was observed for white and black women employed in construction trades. These results suggest that more detailed investigations that include women and other minorities should be undertaken. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Robinson, C F AU - Burnett, C A AD - Surveillance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1228 EP - 1233 VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Women, Working KW - Women's Health KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- ethnology KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77761437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Mortality+patterns+of+US+female+construction+workers+by+race%2C+1979-1990.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BBurnett%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of foraging devices for environmental enrichment of individually housed rhesus monkeys in a laboratory colony. AN - 77108004; 16466219 JF - Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science AU - Taylor, R L AU - White, B L AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Binienda, Z K AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA Primate Research Facility, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 71 EP - 73 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1060-0558, 1060-0558 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77108004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+topics+in+laboratory+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+use+of+foraging+devices+for+environmental+enrichment+of+individually+housed+rhesus+monkeys+in+a+laboratory+colony.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R+L%3BWhite%2C+B+L%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BBinienda%2C+Z+K&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contemporary+topics+in+laboratory+animal+science&rft.issn=10600558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2006-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radionuclides in domestic and imported foods in the United States, 1987-1992. AN - 76935876; 7819751 AB - Findings from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Radionuclides in Foods program are summarized for foods collected between October 1, 1986, and September 30, 1992. Concentrations of radionuclide activity in the Total Diet Study and reactor-survey foods were in Range 1 or low in Range II of the surveillance and control recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council; no control actions were suggested. Dietary intake of 90Sr continued the general decline observed since 1961. Approximately 2600 test portions of imported foods were analyzed for contamination associated with the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Concentrations of radionuclide activity were below limits of detection for the vast majority of the imported food test portions but were above the levels of concern for 23 portions. Since 1986, the fraction of imported food test portions having measurable amounts of contamination has steadily declined, as have the average concentrations of radionuclide activity; however, contamination is still occasionally found. Continued monitoring of both domestic and imported foods is planned. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cunningham, W C AU - Anderson, D L AU - Baratta, E J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 1422 EP - 1427 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Power Plants KW - Radioactive Hazard Release KW - Humans KW - Ukraine KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Food Contamination, Radioactive -- analysis KW - Radioisotopes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76935876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Radionuclides+in+domestic+and+imported+foods+in+the+United+States%2C+1987-1992.&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+W+C%3BAnderson%2C+D+L%3BBaratta%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of musk ambrette in fragrance products by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection: interlaboratory study. AN - 76934702; 7819755 AB - A gas chromatographic method that uses an internal standard additions techniques is described for the determination of musck ambrette (MA) in fragrance products. A solution containing the product and a known amount of an internal standard, musk tibetene (MT), is injected directly into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The chromatographic separation of the components on a wide-bore fused silica capillary column is recorded and a response constant is calculated from MA and MT peak heights. A similar response constant is also calculated for a standard solution containing known concentrations of MA and MT. The MA content of the fragrance product is then calculated. Average recoveries of MA from fragrance products ranged from 97.6 to 102.3%. The method was also evaluated collaboratively by 6 laboratories. In this study, the reproducibility relative standard deviation for MA in 6 fragrance test samples ranged from 2.78 to 22.87%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Wisneski, H H AU - Yates, R L AU - Havery, D C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Science and Applied Technology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 1467 EP - 1471 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Perfume KW - musk ambrette (artificial) KW - 83-66-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Perfume -- chemistry KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76934702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+musk+ambrette+in+fragrance+products+by+capillary+gas+chromatography+with+electron+capture+detection%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Wisneski%2C+H+H%3BYates%2C+R+L%3BHavery%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Wisneski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts: collaborative study. AN - 76934586; 7819761 AB - An AOAC/IUPAC collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifunctional column for the determination of aflatoxins. The test portion is extracted with acetonitrile-water (9 + 1), the extract is filtered, and the filtrate is passed through the column. The aflatoxins in the eluate are determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography after derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. Naturally contaminated corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts spiked with total aflatoxins at 5, 10, 20, and 30 ng/g were sent to 12 collaborators in the United States, Denmark, France, Japan, and Switzerland. Eleven collaborators completed the study. Average recoveries of total aflatoxins for each spike level for the various commodities (excluding Brazil nuts at 5 ng/g) were 93, 97, 95, and 95%, respectively; the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) ranged from 6.0 to 23.2% and the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 12.0 to 69.4%. The multifunctional column coupled with a liquid chromatographic method for determination of aflatoxins in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Stack, M E AU - Nesheim, S AU - Albert, R H AU - Romer, T R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 1512 EP - 1521 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- instrumentation KW - Nuts -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76934586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multifunctional+column+coupled+with+liquid+chromatography+for+determination+of+aflatoxins+B1%2C+B2%2C+G1%2C+and+G2+in+corn%2C+almonds%2C+brazil+nuts%2C+peanuts%2C+and+pistachio+nuts%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BStack%2C+M+E%3BNesheim%2C+S%3BAlbert%2C+R+H%3BRomer%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages and soy sauce by gas chromatography with mass selective detection: collaborative study. AN - 76933783; 7819763 AB - A method using gas chromatography with mass selective detection for the determination of ethyl carbamate (EC; also known as urethane) in alcoholic beverages and soy sauce was collaboratively studied by 17 laboratories including authors' laboratories. The method uses prepacked columns for extraction of liquids with methylene chloride, and n-propyl carbamate as the internal standard. A practice sample and 6 samples of distilled spirits, fortified wines, table wines, and soy sauces were analyzed by each collaborator. Each matrix included blind duplicates of incurred and fortified EC at 3 levels. Distilled spirits contained 50-330 ng EC/g (ppb), fortified wine 40-160 ppb, table wine 10-50 ppb, and soy sauce 15-70 ppb. The ranges of the repeatability relative standard deviations, excluding outliers, were 4.03-6.63% for distilled spirits, 4.01-5.05% for fortified wine, 3.94-6.73% for table wine, and 4.70-8.49% for soy sauce. The ranges of the reproducibility relative standard deviations, excluding outliers, were 8.53-9.49% for distilled spirits, 6.84-12.02% for fortified wine, 8.86-18.47% for table wine, and 13.87-27.37% for soy sauce. Recoveries of added EC ranged from 87 to 93%. Recoveries relative to reference values, labeled as the internal standard, obtained by using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer ranged from 89 to 100%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Canas, B J AU - Joe, F L AU - Diachenko, G W AU - Burns, G AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 1530 EP - 1536 VL - 77 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Urethane KW - 3IN71E75Z5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Urethane -- analysis KW - Alcoholic Beverages -- analysis KW - Soybeans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76933783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+ethyl+carbamate+in+alcoholic+beverages+and+soy+sauce+by+gas+chromatography+with+mass+selective+detection%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Canas%2C+B+J%3BJoe%2C+F+L%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W%3BBurns%2C+G&rft.aulast=Canas&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of benz[a]anthracene by the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans. AN - 76887996; 7993083 AB - The metabolism of the carcinogen benz[a]anthracene (BA), a tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, by Cunninghamella elegans was investigated. C. elegans grown on Sabouraud dextrose broth transformed [14C]BA to labeled BA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol (90%), BA trans-10,11-dihydrodiol (6%), and BA trans-3,4-dihydrodiol (4%), but not to BA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol. These metabolites were separated by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and were identified by UV and mass spectral techniques. A BA tetraol, 8 beta,9 alpha,10 alpha,11 beta-tetrahydroxy-8 alpha, 9 beta,10 beta,11 alpha-tetrahydro-BA, was also identified as a metabolite and may have arisen as an additional oxidation product of either BA 8,9- or 10,11-dihydrodiol. This is the first study in which a biologically produced BA tetraol has been identified. Our results suggest that the transformation of BA to trans-dihydrodiols by C. elegans is similar to the transformation of BA found in mammals, except that BA 5,6-dihydrodiol is not produced. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Cerniglia, C E AU - Gibson, D T AU - Dodge, R H AD - Microbiology Division, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 3931 EP - 3938 VL - 60 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - benzanthracene-8,9-dihydrodiol KW - 4615-63-8 KW - benzanthracene-3,4-dihydrodiol KW - 60839-18-1 KW - benzanthracene-10,11-dihydrodiol KW - 60839-19-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Time Factors KW - Mucorales -- metabolism KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- isolation & purification KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76887996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+benz%5Ba%5Danthracene+by+the+filamentous+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans.&rft.au=Cerniglia%2C+C+E%3BGibson%2C+D+T%3BDodge%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Cerniglia&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-11 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Oct;56(10):2974-83 [2285310] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2275-9 [2802607] FEBS Lett. 1974 Oct 1;47(1):34-8 [4426394] Science. 1975 Jul 25;189(4199):295-7 [1145203] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 SEP 20;72(2):680-6 [791280] J Am Chem Soc. 1977 Jul 20;99(15):5124-30 [874241] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Aug;74(8):3176-9 [269381] Cancer Res. 1978 Jun;38(6):1699-704 [647680] Cancer Res. 1978 Jun;38(6):1705-10 [647681] Chem Biol Interact. 1978 Nov;23(2):243-57 [101308] Mol Pharmacol. 1979 Jan;15(1):138-53 [423885] J Biol Chem. 1979 Dec 10;254(23):12174-80 [500703] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979 Nov 28;91(2):490-7 [518647] Cancer Lett. 1980 Mar;9(1):53-9 [7370976] Arch Microbiol. 1985 Nov;143(2):105-10 [3907570] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2415-23 [2462407] J Ind Microbiol. 1992 Jan;9(1):53-61 [1367975] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The US prevalence of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome: 1988 National Health Interview Survey data. AN - 76849753; 7977933 AB - To estimate the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among US adults, data from the Occupational Health Supplement of the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. Based on a sample of 44,233 households (response rate, 91.5%), an estimated 1.55% (2.65 million) of 170 million adults self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome in 1988. Females and Whites had a higher prevalence of self-reporting carpal tunnel syndrome than males and non-Whites, respectively. Among 127 million adults who worked during the 12 months before the survey, 0.53% (0.68 million) reported that their "prolonged" hand discomfort was called carpal tunnel syndrome by a health care provider. JF - American journal of public health AU - Tanaka, S AU - Wild, D K AU - Seligman, P J AU - Behrens, V AU - Cameron, L AU - Putz-Anderson, V AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1846 EP - 1848 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- etiology KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76849753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+US+prevalence+of+self-reported+carpal+tunnel+syndrome%3A+1988+National+Health+Interview+Survey+data.&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+S%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BSeligman%2C+P+J%3BBehrens%2C+V%3BCameron%2C+L%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1846&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1985 Mar-Apr;25(2-3):151-64 [3987607] Neurology. 1988 Jan;38(1):134-8 [3336444] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):741-6 [1827570] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989 Jul 21;38(28):485-9 [2501639] Ann Intern Med. 1990 Mar 1;112(5):317-9 [2407165] J Hand Surg Br. 1988 Nov;13(4):365-7 [3249130] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The prevalence of back pain, hand discomfort, and dermatitis in the US working population. AN - 76848528; 7977917 AB - The purpose of the study was to provide the health care and public health communities with national prevalence estimates of selected conditions in the US working population. National prevalence estimates of self-reported conditions among working people were calculated from data collected for the 1988 Occupational Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. The highest prevalence estimates were found among occupational groups. For example, the prevalence of back pain due to an injury at work among truck drivers was 6.7%; back pain due to repeated activities at work among mechanics and repairers of heavy equipment and machinery was 10.5%; hand discomfort among operators of machines that process metal, plastic, stone, and glass was 23.5%; and dermatitis due to contact with substances at work among physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and dietitians was 5.6%. A substantial proportion of these conditions among occupational groups with the highest prevalence estimates are occupational in origin. These prevalence estimates identify occupations in which efforts are needed to prevent these conditions. JF - American journal of public health AU - Behrens, V AU - Seligman, P AU - Cameron, L AU - Mathias, C G AU - Fine, L AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 1780 EP - 1785 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Pain -- prevention & control KW - Hand Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Hand Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Pain -- epidemiology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Back Pain -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76848528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+prevalence+of+back+pain%2C+hand+discomfort%2C+and+dermatitis+in+the+US+working+population.&rft.au=Behrens%2C+V%3BSeligman%2C+P%3BCameron%2C+L%3BMathias%2C+C+G%3BFine%2C+L&rft.aulast=Behrens&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1780&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Intern Med. 1981 Dec;95(6):774-6 [7305159] Am J Public Health. 1984 Jun;74(6):574-9 [6232862] J Occup Med. 1988 Jun;30(6):488-92 [2969043] Am J Ind Med. 1993 May;23(5):695-701 [8506847] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(3):363-70 [2137672] J Occup Med. 1990 Jan;32(1):13-5 [2139114] Am J Public Health. 1989 Dec;79 Suppl:12-4 [2817205] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced embryotoxicity in rodent whole-embryo culture. AN - 76827828; 7966444 AB - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer. Human exposure has been documented, and therefore it is important to investigate the toxic potential of this compound. When DEHP was administered in vivo, it was found to be a developmental toxicant in rodents. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if DEHP was directly embryotoxic to rat embryos. Embryos were cultured for 44 h beginning on gestational d 10. Embryos were cultured in rat serum to which DEHP was added to attain final concentrations within the 0.01-2.0% range. DEHP decreased growth and development at all tested concentrations higher than 0.5%. These results suggest that the parent compound itself is able to alter normal embryonic growth and development; however the high embryotoxic concentrations are unlikely to be attained in vivo. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Hansen, D K AU - Grafton, T F AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/11// PY - 1994 DA - November 1994 SP - 361 EP - 367 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Crown-Rump Length KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76827828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+di%282-ethylhexyl%29phthalate-induced+embryotoxicity+in+rodent+whole-embryo+culture.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of forskolin interactions with type I, II, V, and VI adenylyl cyclases by Gs alpha. AN - 76788362; 7947691 AB - Several forms of adenylyl cyclase (types I, II, V, and VI) have been expressed using the recombinant baculovirus expression system in Sf9 cells. The activation of type I adenylyl cyclase by forskolin and Gs alpha was not greater than additive. In contrast, there was synergistic activation of type II, V, and VI adenylyl cyclases by Gs alpha and forskolin. Gs alpha potentiated the effect of forskolin on type II adenylyl cyclase to the greatest extent. Type I and II adenylyl cyclases were photolabeled specifically by an iodinated photoaffinity derivative of forskolin ([125I]-6-AIPP-Fsk). Type I adenylyl cyclase was photolabeled efficiently in the absence of Gs alpha, and the addition of Gs alpha only slightly increased the labeling efficiency. In contrast, type II adenylyl cyclase was not photolabeled efficiently in the absence of Gs alpha, and the addition of Gs alpha greatly enhanced the labeling efficiency. Photolabeling of type V and VI adenylyl cyclases was detected only in the presence of Gs alpha. Neither calcium/calmodulin nor G protein beta gamma subunits modulated the photolabeling of type I or II adenylyl cyclases. Another iodinated derivative of forskolin, [125I]-6-IHPP-fsk, bound to Sf9 cell membranes expressing type I adenylyl cyclase with high affinity in a filtration binding assay, and the specific binding was not enhanced by the addition of Gs alpha. In contrast, specific binding of [125I]-6-IHPP-Fsk to membranes expressing type II adenylyl cyclase was detected only in the presence of Gs alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Biochemistry AU - Sutkowski, E M AU - Tang, W J AU - Broome, C W AU - Robbins, J D AU - Seamon, K B AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852. Y1 - 1994/11/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 01 SP - 12852 EP - 12859 VL - 33 IS - 43 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Affinity Labels KW - 0 KW - Azides KW - Iodine Radioisotopes KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - N-(3-(4-azido-3-iodophenyl)propionamide)-6-aminoethylcarbamylforskolin KW - 136103-68-9 KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Photochemistry KW - Animals KW - Cell Membrane -- enzymology KW - Spodoptera -- enzymology KW - Gene Expression KW - Baculoviridae -- genetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Azides -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Cell Line KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Colforsin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- genetics KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76788362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+forskolin+interactions+with+type+I%2C+II%2C+V%2C+and+VI+adenylyl+cyclases+by+Gs+alpha.&rft.au=Sutkowski%2C+E+M%3BTang%2C+W+J%3BBroome%2C+C+W%3BRobbins%2C+J+D%3BSeamon%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Sutkowski&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=12852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rates of apoptosis and proliferation vary with caloric intake and may influence incidence of spontaneous hepatoma in C57BL/6 x C3H F1 mice. AN - 76740773; 7923185 AB - Although the dysregulation of physiological signals and mechanisms controlling cell proliferation has been a major focus in cancer research, recent evidence suggests that explicit evaluation of apoptosis or physiological cell death may be equally important in understanding multistage carcinogenesis. Dietary restriction of rodents is well known to reproducibly retard development of spontaneous and chemically induced tumors. We reasoned that the decrease in metabolic and hormonal trophic factors induced with this intervention could promote selective cell deletion via apoptosis. To pursue this possibility, we quantified the spontaneous apoptotic rate in liver sections from diet-restricted (DR) and ad libitum-fed (AL) 12-month-old male C57BL/6 x C3H F1 mice, a murine strain known to develop a high incidence of spontaneous liver tumors by 18 months of age. The identification of hepatocyte apoptotic bodies was facilitated by in situ end-labeling immunohistochemistry. The basal rate of proliferation of hepatocytes was quantified utilizing proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry. The incidence of apoptotic bodies and total proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells was enumerated in 14 mice/group by scoring 50,000 random hepatocytes/liver and expressed as the mean incidence/100 cells. When the comparison was made between diet groups, the apoptotic rate was significantly higher in the DR mice relative to the AL mice, while the proliferation rate was significantly lower (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The increase in spontaneous level of apoptosis and the decrease in proliferation rate in livers of DR mice were associated with a significantly lower rate of spontaneous hepatoma over a 36-month period. In summary, the results suggest that caloric intake may modulate the basal turnover rates of cell death and proliferation in a direction consistent with a cancer-protective effect in the DR mice and a cancer-promoting effect in AL mice. JF - Cancer research AU - James, S J AU - Muskhelishvili, L AD - FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Nutritional Toxicology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/11/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Nov 01 SP - 5508 EP - 5510 VL - 54 IS - 21 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Incidence KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76740773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Rates+of+apoptosis+and+proliferation+vary+with+caloric+intake+and+may+influence+incidence+of+spontaneous+hepatoma+in+C57BL%2F6+x+C3H+F1+mice.&rft.au=James%2C+S+J%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=5508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cancer prevention strategies by computerized simulation model: methodological issues. AN - 36367211; 201002-31-0247317 (CE); 11701659 (EN) AB - A computerized simulation model developed to evaluate the potential impact of primary and secondary prevention is discussed from methodologic perspectives. In the simulation model, named CANSAVE (Cancer Strategy Analysis and Validation of Effect), the natural history of cancer was modeled as a Markovian stochastic process from cancer-free state to death. The lung cancer death rate among Japanese males was projected for 50 years to the year 2041. The simulation showed that the age-adjusted death rate would increase and reach a peak of 166 per 100,000 in 1989 and then decrease to 148 in 2003. It then shows a tendency to increase again, up to 255 in 2028. This change may be attributed to a lower smoking initiation rate among those born in the 1930s. Promotion of mass screening programs exhibits a more prompt effect than antismoking efforts, but the reduction in annual deaths is expected to be only 11%, even if a 100% participation is realized by the year 2000. The reduction in smoking initiation rate, on the other hand, begins to show a visible effect very slowly. It was predicted that a 1% annual reduction in smoking initiation rate would result in a 20% decrease in the number of deaths in 2041. The smoking cessation program is in the middle with regard to promptness. The predicted reductions in lung cancer deaths in 2041 were 13, 47, and 66%, respectively, when the annual smoking cessation rate was increased from 0.46% (present status) to 1, 3, and 5%. The combined application of all three preventive measures seems essential to realize the most effective reduction in lung cancer deaths. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamaguchi, N AU - Tamura, Y AU - Sobue, T AU - Akiba, S AU - Ohtaki, M AU - Baba, Y AU - Mizuno, S AU - Watanabe, S AD - Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 67 EP - 71 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Death KW - Cancer KW - Mathematical models KW - Smoking KW - Reduction KW - Computer simulation KW - Lungs KW - Strategy KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36367211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cancer+prevention+strategies+by+computerized+simulation+model%3A+methodological+issues.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+N%3BTamura%2C+Y%3BSobue%2C+T%3BAkiba%2C+S%3BOhtaki%2C+M%3BBaba%2C+Y%3BMizuno%2C+S%3BWatanabe%2C+S&rft.aulast=Yamaguchi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Essentiality of boron for healthy bones and joints. AN - 36361003; 201002-31-0247313 (CE); 11701654 (EN) AB - Since 1963, evidence has accumulated that suggests boron is a safe and effective treatment for some forms of arthritis. The initial evidence was that boron supplementation alleviated arthritic pain and discomfort of the author. This was followed by findings from numerous other observations epidemiologic and controlled animal and human experiments. These findings included a) analytical evidence of lower boron concentrations in femur heads, bones, and synovial fluid from people with arthritis than from those without this disorder; b) observation evidence that bones of patients using boron supplements are much harder to cut than those of patients not using supplements; c) epidemiologic evidence that in areas of the world where boron intakes usually are 1.0 mg or less/day the estimated incidence of arthritis ranges from 20 to 70%, whereas in areas of the world where boron intakes are usually 3 to 10 mg, the estimated incidence of arthritis ranges from 0 to 10%; d) experimental evidence that rats with induced arthritis benefit from orally or intraperitoneally administered boron; e) experimental evidence from a double-blind placebo-boron supplementation trial with 20 subjects with osteoarthritis. A significant favorable response to a 6 mg boron/day supplement was obtained; 50% of subjects receiving the supplement improved compared to only 10% receiving the placebo. The preceding data indicate that boron is an essential nutrient for healthy bones and joints, and that further research into the use of boron for the treatment or prevention of arthritis is warranted. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Newnham, R E AD - Rex Newnham and Associates, North Yorkshire, England. PY - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 85 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Boron KW - Arthritis KW - Bones KW - Receiving KW - Patients KW - Epidemiology KW - Incidence KW - Intakes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36361003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Essentiality+of+boron+for+healthy+bones+and+joints.&rft.au=Newnham%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Newnham&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The reproductive toxicity of boric acid. AN - 36360535; 201002-31-0247315 (CE); 11701657 (EN) AB - Previous studies on the reproductive toxicity of boric acid have indicated that male rodents suffer testicular atrophy after treatment. There were, however, no studies of the potential effects on female fertility or on the neonate. In addition, no study described the development of the testicular lesion, thought to be related to the mechanism of toxicity. A Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) study using mice exposed to boric acid at 1000, 4500, and 9000 ppm in the diet indicated that there are probably multiple sites of action, although male fertility appears very sensitive. Possible effects on female fertility cannot be separated from potential developmental toxicity and need additional investigation. Decrements in sperm motility were observed at all exposure levels, and testicular atrophy was confirmed in high- and middle-dose-group males. This was investigated further by timed serial-sacrifice studies using 9000 ppm in the diet of rats, which found that the first lesion seen in the testis was an inhibition of spermiation (release of mature spermatids). With continued dosing, this was followed by a disorganization of the normal ordered layering of the seminiferous epithelium, germ cell sloughing and death, and finally, atrophy. Subsequent studies using additional doses (2000, 3000, 4500, 6000, and 9000 ppm) found that it was possible to observe inhibited spermiation that did not progress to atrophy (4500 ppm and below) within the 9-week exposure period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C Figure 1. D JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chapin, R E AU - Ku, W W AD - National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC. PY - 1994 SP - 87 EP - 91 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Toxicity KW - Atrophy KW - Fertility KW - Males KW - Boric acids KW - Images KW - Diets KW - Females KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+reproductive+toxicity+of+boric+acid.&rft.au=Chapin%2C+R+E%3BKu%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Chapin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: relationship to risk assessment. AN - 36354979; 201002-31-0247327 (CE); 11701669 (EN) AB - Risk characterization involves hazard identification, determination of dose-response relationships, and exposure assessment. Improvement of the risk assessment process requires inclusion of the best available science. Recent findings in the area of dioxin toxicity have led to a major effort to reassess its risk. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly referred to as "dioxin," is the most toxic member of a class of related chemicals including the polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, naphthalenes, azo- and azoxy-benzenes, whose toxicities can be expressed as fractional equivalencies of TCDD. These chemicals exert their effects through interaction with a specific intracellular protein, the Ah receptor. While binding to the receptor is necessary, it is not sufficient to bring about a chain of events leading to various responses including enzyme induction, immunotoxicity, reproductive and endocrine effects, developmental toxicity, chloracne, tumor promotion, etc. Some of these responses appear to be linear at low doses. Immunotoxicity and effects on the reproductive system appear to be among the most sensitive responses. The Ah receptor functions as a transcriptional enhancer, interacting with a number of other regulatory proteins (heat shock proteins, kinases, translocases, DNA binding species). Interaction with specific base sequences in the DNA appear to be modulated by the presence of other growth factors, hormones and their receptors as well as other regulatory proteins. Thus, dioxin appears to function as a hormone, initiating a cascade of events that is dependent upon the environment of each cell and tissue. While Ah receptor variants exist, all vertebrates examined have demonstrated such a protein with similar numbers of receptors and binding affinity for TCDD. Most species respond similarly to dioxin and related compounds. While a given species may be an outlier for a given response, it will behave like other animals for other responses. For both in vivo and in vitro end points where animal and human data exist, such as enzyme induction, chloracne, immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and cancer, the sensitivity of humans appears similar to that of experimental animals. Current levels of environmental exposure to this class of chemicals may be resulting in subtle responses in populations at special risk such as subsistence fisherman and the developing infant, as well as in the general population. Increased understanding of the mechanism of dioxin's effects as well as elucidation of exposure-dose relationships is leading to the development of a biologically based dose-response model in the ongoing process of incorporating the best science into the risk assessment of TCDD and related compounds. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. PY - 1994 SP - 157 EP - 167 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Receptors KW - Dioxins KW - Biocompatibility KW - Toxicity KW - Proteins KW - Binding KW - Risk assessment KW - Animals KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+mechanism+of+dioxin+toxicity%3A+relationship+to+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes as a cell model to evaluate the genotoxic effect of coal tar treatment. AN - 36349774; 201002-31-0247324 (CE); 11701666 (EN) AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from psoriatic patients therapeutically exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during coal tar (CT) treatment were used to evaluate the in vivo formation of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide(BaPDE)-DNA adducts by an ELISA technique and by the 32P-postlabeling method. Moreover, we controlled if the pretreatment with CT influences the formation of BaP-DNA adducts and the BaP metabolism in the PBL obtained from psoriatic patients, treated in vitro with BaP. Our data did not show any significant influence of the CT treatment on the levels of PAH-DNA adducts. Moreover, the use of PBL from psoriatic patients, treated in vitro with BaP, did not allow to detect significant modifications of the metabolic activation of BaP and of the ability of its metabolites to bind to DNA, before and after CT treatment. Thus, PBL do not seem to represent an useful cell model to evaluate the possible genotoxic effect of the exposure through the skin of psoriatic patients to the PAH contained in CT. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pavanello, S AU - Levis, A G AD - Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy. PY - 1994 SP - 95 EP - 99 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Patients KW - Adducts KW - In vitro testing KW - Polyallylamine hydrochloride KW - Genotoxicity KW - Coal tar KW - Blood KW - Lymphocytes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Human+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+as+a+cell+model+to+evaluate+the+genotoxic+effect+of+coal+tar+treatment.&rft.au=Pavanello%2C+S%3BLevis%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Pavanello&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hierarchical regression for epidemiologic analyses of multiple exposures. AN - 36347462; 201002-31-0247321 (CE); 11701663 (EN) AB - Many epidemiologic investigations are designed to study the effects of multiple exposures. Most of these studies are analyzed either by fitting a risk-regression model with all exposures forced in the model, or by using a preliminary-testing algorithm, such as stepwise regression, to produce a smaller model. Research indicates that hierarchical modeling methods can outperform these conventional approaches. These methods are reviewed and compared to two hierarchical methods, empirical-Bayes regression and a variant here called "semi-Bayes" regression, to full-model maximum likelihood and to model reduction by preliminary testing. The performance of the methods in a problem of predicting neonatal-mortality rates are compared. Based on the literature to date, it is suggested that hierarchical methods should become part of the standard approaches to multiple-exposure studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Greenland, S AD - Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health. PY - 1994 SP - 33 EP - 39 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Regression KW - Exposure KW - Epidemiology KW - Standards KW - Algorithms KW - Fittings KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hierarchical+regression+for+epidemiologic+analyses+of+multiple+exposures.&rft.au=Greenland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Greenland&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotyping for polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolism as a predictor of disease susceptibility. AN - 36343101; 201002-31-0247322 (CE); 11701664 (EN) AB - Polymorphisms in many xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes occur leading to variation in the level of enzyme expression in vivo. Enzymes showing such polymorphisms include the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 and the phase two metabolism enzymes glutathione S-transferase MI (GSTMI) and arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). In the past, these polymorphisms have been studied by phenotyping using in vivo administration of probe drugs. However, the mutations which give rise to several of these polymorphisms have now been identified and genotyping assays for polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, GSTMI, and NAT2 have been developed. Specific phenotypes for several of the polymorphic enzymes have been associated with increased susceptibility to malignancy, particularly lung and bladder cancer, and Parkinson's disease. These associations are likely to be due to altered activation or detoxication of chemicals initiating these diseases, including components of tobacco smoke and neurotoxins. The substrate specificity and tissue distribution of polymorphic enzymes implicated in disease causation discussed with particular reference to previously described disease-phenotype associations. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Daly, A K AU - Cholerton, S AU - Armstrong, M AU - Idle, J R AD - Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Medical School, England. PY - 1994 SP - 55 EP - 61 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Enzymes KW - Polymorphism KW - Surgical implants KW - Biomedical materials KW - Images KW - In vivo tests KW - In vivo testing KW - Metabolism KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Genotyping+for+polymorphisms+in+xenobiotic+metabolism+as+a+predictor+of+disease+susceptibility.&rft.au=Daly%2C+A+K%3BCholerton%2C+S%3BArmstrong%2C+M%3BIdle%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk ratio estimation in case-cohort studies. AN - 36340982; 201002-31-0247320 (CE); 11701662 (EN) AB - In traditional (cumulative-incidence) case-control studies, the exposure odds ratio can be used as an estimator of the risk ratio only when the disease under study is rare. The case-cohort study is a recently developed useful modification of the case-control study. This design allows direct estimation of the risk ratio from a fixed cohort, but does not require any rare-disease assumption. This article reviews recent developments in risk ratio estimation procedures for the analysis of case-cohort data. In the crude analysis, it is shown that the empirical risk ratio estimator is not fully efficient, and the maximum likelihood estimation of the crude risk ratio is discussed. In the stratified analysis, several common risk ratio estimation procedures and standardization methods have been proposed for large strata. However, the Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio and its variance estimator are the only available methods for sparse data. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sato, T AD - Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 53 EP - 56 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Risk KW - Estimators KW - Strata KW - Design engineering KW - Health KW - Empirical analysis KW - Maximum likelihood estimation KW - Variance KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36340982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+ratio+estimation+in+case-cohort+studies.&rft.au=Sato%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meta-analysis in cancer epidemiology. AN - 36338203; 201002-31-0247319 (CE); 11701661 (EN) AB - Meta-analysis has seen increasing use as a tool in epidemiology over the past five years. Although this method is relatively well accepted for use in clinical trials, its use has proved somewhat more controversial in epidemiology. If meta-analysis is viewed as an evolutionary improvement over the review article, it may become more widely acceptable. Meta-analysis should incorporate the concern for study quality and differences in study design seen in classic review articles with the concern for rigor, objectivity, and quantitative precision characteristic of meta-analysis. Available tools for consideration of differences among studies are described with several examples from the literature. The extent to which various methods are used in published meta-analyses is described. Methods for assessing publication bias, and tools for combining dose-response data, are discussed also. Evaluation of risk factors and protective factors for cancer must be based on the weight of the evidence. Tools such as meta-analysis are essential if we are to interpret the vast number of completed studies in cancer epidemiology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Morris, R D AD - Division of Epidemiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226. PY - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tools KW - Epidemiology KW - Cancer KW - Acceptability KW - Evolutionary KW - Health KW - Protective KW - Risk KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Meta-analysis+in+cancer+epidemiology.&rft.au=Morris%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of air pollution on lung cancer: a Poisson regression model based on vital statistics. AN - 36337362; 201002-31-0247318 (CE); 11701660 (EN) AB - This article describes a Poisson regression model for time trends of mortality to detect the long-term effects of common levels of air pollution on lung cancer, in which the adjustment for cigarette smoking is not always necessary. The main hypothesis to be tested in the model is that if the long-term and common-level air pollution had an effect on lung cancer, the death rate from lung cancer could be expected to increase gradually at a higher rate in the region with relatively high levels of air pollution than in the region with low levels, and that this trend would not be expected for other control diseases in which cigarette smoking is a risk factor. Using this approach, we analyzed the trend of mortality in females aged 40 to 79, from lung cancer and two control diseases, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, based on vital statistics in 23 wards of the Tokyo metropolitan area for 1972 to 1988. Ward-specific mean levels per day of SO2 and NO2 from 1974 through 1976 estimated by Makino (1978) were used as the ward-specific exposure measure of air pollution. No data on tobacco consumption in each ward is available. Our analysis supported the existence of long-term effects of air pollution on lung cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tango, T AD - Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 41 EP - 45 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Air pollution KW - Cancer KW - Lungs KW - Mathematical models KW - Diseases KW - Trends KW - Statistics KW - Regression KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+air+pollution+on+lung+cancer%3A+a+Poisson+regression+model+based+on+vital+statistics.&rft.au=Tango%2C+T&rft.aulast=Tango&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of ingested food, beverage, and tobacco components involving human cytochrome P4501A2, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 enzymes. AN - 36335242; 201002-31-0247323 (CE); 11701665 (EN) AB - Human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are involved in the oxidation of natural products found in foods, beverages, and tobacco products and their catalytic activities can also be modulated by components of the materials. The microsomal activation of aflatoxin B1 to the exo-8,9-epoxide is stimulated by flavone and 7,8-benzoflavone, and attenuated by the flavonoid naringenin, a major component of grapefruit. P4502E1 has been demonstrated to play a potentially major role in the activation of a number of very low-molecular weight cancer suspects, including ethyl carbamate (urethan), which is present in alcoholic beverages and particularly stone brandies. The enzyme (P4502E1) is also known to be inducible by ethanol. Tobacco contains a large number of potential carcinogens. In human liver microsomes a significant role for P4501A2 can be demonstrated in the activation of cigarette smoke condensate. Some of the genotoxicity may be due to arylamines. P4501A2 is also inhibited by components of crude cigarette smoke condensate. The tobacco-specific nitrosamines are activated by a number of P450 enzymes. Of those known to be present in human liver, P4501A2, 2A6, and 2E1 can activate these nitrosamines to genotoxic products. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Guengerich, F P AU - Shimada, T AU - Yun, C H AU - Yamazaki, H AU - Raney, K D AU - Thier, R AU - Coles, B AU - Harris, T M AD - Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146. PY - 1994 SP - 49 EP - 53 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Enzymes KW - Human KW - Activation KW - Beverages KW - Tobacco KW - Smoke KW - Ethyl alcohol KW - Cigarettes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+ingested+food%2C+beverage%2C+and+tobacco+components+involving+human+cytochrome+P4501A2%2C+2A6%2C+2E1%2C+and+3A4+enzymes.&rft.au=Guengerich%2C+F+P%3BShimada%2C+T%3BYun%2C+C+H%3BYamazaki%2C+H%3BRaney%2C+K+D%3BThier%2C+R%3BColes%2C+B%3BHarris%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Guengerich&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and analysis of multilevel analytic studies with applications to a study of air pollution. AN - 36335038; 201002-31-0247316 (CE); 11701658 (EN) AB - We discuss a hybrid epidemiologic design that aims to combine two approaches to studying exposure-disease associations. The analytic approach is based on comparisons between individuals, e.g., case-control and cohort studies, and the ecologic approach is based on comparisons between groups. The analytic approach generally provides a stronger basis for inference, in part because of freedom from between-group confounding and better quality data, but the ecologic approach is less susceptible to attenuation bias from measurement error and may provide greater variability in exposure. The design we propose entails selection of a number of groups and enrollment of individuals within each group. Exposures, outcomes, confounders, and modifiers would be assessed on each individual; but additional exposure data might be available on the groups. The analysis would then combine the individual-level and the group-level comparisons, with appropriate adjustments for exposure measurement errors, and would test for compatibility between the two levels of analysis, e.g., to determine whether the associations at the individual level can account for the differences in disease rates between groups. Trade-offs between numbers of groups, numbers of individuals, and the extent of the individual and group measurement protocols are discussed in terms of design efficiency. These issues are illustrated in the context of an on-going study of the health effects of air pollution in southern California, in which 12 communities with different levels and types of pollution have been selected and 3500 school children are being enrolled in a ten-year cohort study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Navidi, W AU - Thomas, D AU - Stram, D AU - Peters, J AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033-9987. PY - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Design engineering KW - Air pollution KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Health KW - Error analysis KW - Inference KW - Children KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Design+and+analysis+of+multilevel+analytic+studies+with+applications+to+a+study+of+air+pollution.&rft.au=Navidi%2C+W%3BThomas%2C+D%3BStram%2C+D%3BPeters%2C+J&rft.aulast=Navidi&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amplified interactive toxicity of chemicals at nontoxic levels: mechanistic considerations and implications to public health. AN - 36333228; 201002-31-0247325 (CE); 11701667 (EN) AB - It is widely recognized that exposure to combinations or mixtures of chemicals may result in highly exaggerated toxicity even though the individual chemicals might not be toxic. Assessment of risk from exposure to combinations of chemicals requires the knowledge of the underlying mechanism(s). Dietary exposure to a nontoxic dose of chlordecone (CD; 10 ppm, 15 days) results in a 67-fold increase in lethality of an ordinarily inconsequential dose of CCl4 (100 microliters/kg, ip). Toxicity of closely related CHCl3 and BrCCl3 is also enhanced. Phenobarbital (PB, 225 ppm, 15 days) and mirex (10 ppm, 15 days) do not share the propensity of CD in this regard. Exposure to PB + CCl4 results in enhanced liver injury similar to that observed with CD, but the animals recover and survive in contrast to the greatly amplified lethality of CD + CCl4. Investigations have revealed that neither enhanced bioactivation of CCl4 nor increased lipid peroxidation offers a satisfactory explanation of these findings. Additional studies indicate that exposure to a low dose of CCl4 (100 microliters/kg, ip) results in limited injury, which is accompanied by a biphasic response of hepatocellular regeneration (6 and 36 hr) and tissue repair, which enables the animals to recover from injury. Exposure to CD + CCl4 results in suppressed tissue repair owing to an energy deficit in hepatocytes as a consequence of excessive intracellular influx of Ca2+ leading initially to a precipitous decline in glycogen and ultimately to hypoglycemia. Supplementation of cellular energy results in restoration of the tissue repair and complete recovery from the toxicity of CD + CCl4 combination. In contrast, only the early-phase hepatic tissue repair (6 hr) is affected in PB + CCl4 treatment, but this is adequately compensated for by a greater stimulation of tissue repair at 24 and 48 hr resulting in recovery from liver injury and animal survival. A wide variety of additional experimental evidence confirms the central role of stimulated tissue repair as a decisive determinant of the final outcome of liver injury inflicted by CCl4. For instance, a 35-fold greater CCl4 sensitivity of gerbils compared to rats is correlated with the very sluggish tissue repair in gerbils. These findings are consistent with a two-stage model of toxicity, where tissue injury is inflicted by the well described "mechanisms of toxicity," but the outcome of this injury is determined by whether or not sustainable tissue repair response accompanies this injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mehendale, H M AD - Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe 71209-0470. PY - 1994 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Injuries KW - Biocompatibility KW - Repair KW - Toxicity KW - Liver KW - Animals KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36333228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Amplified+interactive+toxicity+of+chemicals+at+nontoxic+levels%3A+mechanistic+considerations+and+implications+to+public+health.&rft.au=Mehendale%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Mehendale&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive effects between trichloroethylene and pesticides at metabolic and genetic level in mice. AN - 36332420; 201002-31-0247326 (CE); 11701668 (EN) AB - A combined cytogeneticurine metabolite analysis approach was used to assess potential interactive effects between Fenarimol (FN), a fungicide, and trichloroethylene (TRI), a halogenated solvent. FN was demonstrated to selectively induce P450-2B1 isoforms in different organs of treated mice. Since the rate of metabolism and the stereospecificity of metabolism are dependent on the types and amount of P450s available, FN might drastically alter the metabolic activation of a precarcinogen, such as TRI, and its toxicological consequences. Male CD1 mice were divided into untreated, vehicle control, and experimental groups. Animals of the latter groups were treated ip with 150 mg/kg bw FN in corn oil, 457 mg/kg bw TRI in corn oil, TRI plus FN separated by different time intervals. Bone marrow cells were harvested for determination of micronuclei (MN) frequencies in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). The presence of the known metabolite of TRI, trichloroethanol (TCE), was quantitated in collected urine by gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector. Linear regression analysis shows that MN frequency by TRI is correlated with TCE concentration in urine. Observed potentiation of genotoxicity of TRI by FN pretreatment (1 hr before TRI treatment) apparently reflects changes in the spectra of enzymes involved in TRI metabolism, and altered toxicokinetic, as witnessed by the 20% difference in TCE excretion from combined treated mice. However, no increased genetic or metabolic effects were observed when FN was administered 3 hr before TRI. No significant interactive effects were observed at a genetic level when FN was administered 1 hr and 3 hr after TRI whereas a 33 to 47% loss in TCE excretion was recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hrelia, P AU - Maffei, F AU - Vigagni, F AU - Fimognari, C AU - Flori, P AU - Stanzani, R AU - Cantelli Forti, G AD - Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Universita di Bologna, Italy. PY - 1994 SP - 31 EP - 34 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mice KW - Genetics KW - Interactive KW - Metabolism KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Metabolites KW - Corn oil KW - Excretion KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Interactive+effects+between+trichloroethylene+and+pesticides+at+metabolic+and+genetic+level+in+mice.&rft.au=Hrelia%2C+P%3BMaffei%2C+F%3BVigagni%2C+F%3BFimognari%2C+C%3BFlori%2C+P%3BStanzani%2C+R%3BCantelli+Forti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Hrelia&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans. AN - 36323449; 201002-31-0247314 (CE); 11701655 (EN) AB - Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and is found in animal and human tissues at low concentrations. Poisoning in humans has been reported as the result of accidental ingestion or use of large amounts in the treatment of burns. Boron as boric acid is fairly rapidly absorbed and excreted from the body via urine. The half-life of boric acid in humans is on the order of 1 day. Boron does not appear to accumulate in soft tissues of animals, but does accumulate in bone. Normal levels of boron in soft tissues, urine, and blood generally range from less than 0.05 ppm to no more than 10 ppm. In poisoning incidents, the amount of boric acid in brain and liver tissue has been reported to be as high as 2000 ppm. Recent studies at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences have indicated that boron may contribute to reduced fertility in male rodents fed 9000 ppm of boric acid in feed. Within a few days, boron levels in blood and most soft tissues quickly reached a plateau of about 15 ppm. Boron in bone did not appear to plateau, reaching 47 ppm after 7 days on the diet. Cessation of exposure to dietary boron resulted in a rapid drop in bone boron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Moseman, R F AD - Radian Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PY - 1994 SP - 113 EP - 117 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Boron KW - Boric acids KW - Bones KW - Soft tissues KW - Animals KW - Human KW - Health KW - Urine KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36323449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+disposition+of+boron+in+animals+and+humans.&rft.au=Moseman%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Moseman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic metabolism of chloral hydrate to free radical(s) and induction of lipid peroxidation. AN - 76858059; 7980564 AB - Metabolism of chloral hydrate by male B6C3F1 mouse liver microsomes generates free radical intermediate(s) as evidenced by electron spin resonance spectroscopic analysis. The subsequent induction of endogenous lipid peroxidation was shown by analysis of the resulting products with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Chloral hydrate was found mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA104. Both lipid peroxidation and mutagenicity were efficiently inhibited by free radical scavengers, alpha-tocopherol and menadione. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Ni, Y C AU - Wong, T Y AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/10/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 28 SP - 937 EP - 943 VL - 204 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Mutagens KW - Vitamin K KW - 12001-79-5 KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biotransformation KW - Vitamin K -- pharmacology KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mice KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Male KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Chloral Hydrate -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76858059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Hepatic+metabolism+of+chloral+hydrate+to+free+radical%28s%29+and+induction+of+lipid+peroxidation.&rft.au=Ni%2C+Y+C%3BWong%2C+T+Y%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Ni&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1994-10-28&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 76765197; 7523738 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/10/19/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 19 SP - 1160 VL - 272 IS - 15 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Prostate-Specific Antigen KW - EC 3.4.21.77 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Public Health Service KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Women's Health KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Marketing of Health Services KW - Male KW - Female KW - Immunoassay KW - Skin -- radiation effects KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- blood KW - Prostate-Specific Antigen -- blood KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Financial Management KW - Fluoroscopy -- adverse effects KW - Radiation Injuries -- etiology KW - Pregnancy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76765197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-19&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kaempferol-induced nuclear DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. AN - 76805043; 7954331 AB - The extent of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by kaempferol, a polyphenolic flavonoid with a molecular structure similar to quercetin, was studied under aerobic conditions in isolated rat-liver nuclei. Kaempferol induced significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent nuclear DNA degradation concurrent with lipid peroxidation; these effects were enhanced by iron(III) or copper(II). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), mannitol, and sodium azide did not show any inhibitory effect on the kaempferol-induced nuclear DNA damage in the presence of iron(III) or copper(II). On the other hand, all stimulated the kaempferol-induced DNA damage in the presence of iron(III); in the presence of copper(II) only SOD and mannitol showed statistically significant stimulatory effects. The kaempferol induced lipid peroxidation was significantly stimulated by catalase and sodium azide in the presence of iron(III). These results demonstrate the pro-oxidant properties of polyphenolic flavonoids, which are generally considered as antioxidants and anticarcinogens, suggesting their possible dual role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sahu, S C AU - Gray, G C AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994/10/14/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 14 SP - 159 EP - 164 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Azides KW - Cations, Divalent KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Flavonoids KW - Kaempferols KW - Lipid Peroxides KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - kaempferol KW - 731P2LE49E KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - Quercetin KW - 9IKM0I5T1E KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- administration & dosage KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Azides -- pharmacology KW - Mannitol -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage KW - Cell-Free System KW - DNA Damage KW - Quercetin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Lipid Peroxides -- metabolism KW - Quercetin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76805043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Kaempferol-induced+nuclear+DNA+damage+and+lipid+peroxidation.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BGray%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-14&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sensitive new bioassay for tumor necrosis factor. AN - 76754444; 7930647 AB - Tumor necrosis factor is an important cytokine involved in inflammation and assay of this cytokine in biological fluids may be important in the understanding of several disease processes. This report describes an improved TNF bioassay employing a newly isolated subclone of the cell line NCTC-clone 929 as well as a novel fluorescence indicator system for detecting viability of the target cells. The limit of detection for the TNF hypersensitive cell line with this fluorescence viability assay was 68 +/- 2.5 fg/ml, which is approximately 3 x more sensitive than the parental clone and approximately 10 x more sensitive than that reported by Branch et al. (1991) using the neutral red indicator system. The hypersensitivity of the clone gradually declined over a 45-day period and at regular intervals new cells were cultivated from frozen stocks. Two different serum sources, bovine fetal serum and horse serum, and four different serum concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20%) were evaluated to optimize sensitivity. No difference was found between serum sources but sensitivity was significantly reduced if < 15% serum was used. JF - Journal of immunological methods AU - Shahan, T A AU - Siegel, P D AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Kuschner, W G AU - Lewis, D M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994/10/14/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 14 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 175 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Oxazines KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Xanthenes KW - resazurin KW - 1FN9YD6968 KW - Neutral Red KW - 261QK3SSBH KW - Gentian Violet KW - J4Z741D6O5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Clone Cells KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76754444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunological+methods&rft.atitle=A+sensitive+new+bioassay+for+tumor+necrosis+factor.&rft.au=Shahan%2C+T+A%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BKuschner%2C+W+G%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Shahan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-10-14&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunological+methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol in rats. AN - 77795484; 7716735 AB - Concurrent exposures to chemical and physical agents occur in the workplace; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electrosurgical units. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to radiofrequency (RF; 10 MHz) radiation, which also induces hyperthermia and is teratogenic to exposed animals, and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The present study replicates and extends the previous research investigating the enhanced teratogenicity of combined RF radiation and 2ME exposures. The interactive dose-related teratogenicity of RF radiation (sham exposure or maintaining colonic temperatures at 42.0 degrees C for 0, 10, 20, or 30 min) and 2ME (0, 75, 100, 125, or 150 mg/kg) was investigated by administering various combinations of RF radiation and 2ME to groups of rats on gestation days 9 or 13; gestation-day 20 fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations. The results are consistent with and extend our previous research findings. Synergism was observed between RF radiation and 2ME for some treatment combinations, but not for others. The study also clarified which gestational periods, RF radiation exposure durations, and 2ME doses would be most informative in future interaction studies to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 9 exposures generally evidenced little effect by 2ME, either by itself or in combination with RF radiation. In contrast, day 13 exposures resulted in highly significant effects from 2ME and RF radiation. The structures showing strong evidence of effects from both 2ME and RF radiation after exposure on gestation day 13 were the forepaw digits, forepaw phalanges, hindpaw digits, hindpaw phalanges, hind limbs, metacarpals, and metatarsals. Statistical analyses did not show a global synergistic effect, but did show evidence for a synergistic effect at intermediate levels of the dose ranges. Future research will address potential interactions at lower doses. JF - Teratology AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L AU - Shaw, P B AU - Werren, D M AU - Edwards, R M AU - Hoberman, A M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, NIOSH C-24, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 275 EP - 293 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced KW - Radio Waves -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77795484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Interactive+developmental+toxicity+of+radiofrequency+radiation+and+2-methoxyethanol+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B%3BWerren%2C+D+M%3BEdwards%2C+R+M%3BHoberman%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of DNA adducts and induction of mutations in rats treated with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene. AN - 77790515; 7889845 AB - 1,6-Dinitropyrene, a component of diesel exhaust, is a lung carcinogen in male F344 rats following a single intrapulmonary administration. In this study, rats were treated with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene to establish dose-response relationships for the formation of DNA adducts in target (lung) and nontarget (liver) tissues and for the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutations in spleen T-lymphocytes. One week after treatment with 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, or 150 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene, dose-responsive DNA binding was measured in lung and liver with binding in the lung being 10-fold higher than in the liver. In the lung, a 2-fold increase in dose resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in DNA binding at treatments up to 30 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene, while in the liver, a 2-fold increase in 1,6-dinitropyrene produced a 2-fold increase in DNA binding at doses up to the 10 micrograms treatment. Higher doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene resulted in proportionally smaller increases in adduct formation in the two tissues. When measured 21 weeks after treatment, mutations in T-lymphocytes increased with doses up to 100 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene, but the response was nonlinear throughout the dose range. These findings indicate that concentrations of 1,6-dinitropyrene that produce a dose-dependent induction of lung tumors also result in a dose-dependent formation of DNA adducts and induction of lymphocyte mutations but that the dose-response curves for DNA binding and mutations are different. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Beland, F A AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Smith, B A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 185 EP - 189 VL - 102 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - hprt KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77790515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Formation+of+DNA+adducts+and+induction+of+mutations+in+rats+treated+with+tumorigenic+doses+of+1%2C6-dinitropyrene.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hprt N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 1989 Jul;10(7):1285-90 [2736719] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(4):403-15 [3189356] Toxicology. 1990 Jan-Feb;60(1-2):127-35 [1690463] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Apr;11(4):507-18 [2182215] Cancer Res. 1990 Jun 15;50(12):3772-80 [2340522] CA Cancer J Clin. 1990 Sep-Oct;40(5):277-88 [2118411] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Oct;11(10):1705-10 [2208586] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1990;16(2):64-9 [2209565] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;17(3):141-51 [2022192] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Jul;12(7):1187-91 [1649014] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1991;372:205-18 [1956919] Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1992 Feb;6(1):1-30 [1556044] Mutat Res. 1993 Jan;298(3):169-78 [7678151] Chem Res Toxicol. 1992 Nov-Dec;5(6):749-55 [1489923] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Mar;99:277-80 [8319643] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Mar;99:5-10 [8319658] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1972 Sep;49(3):867-77 [4647499] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977 Nov 1;171(9):842-4 [924855] Biochemistry. 1981 Nov 24;20(24):6921-9 [7317362] J Chromatogr. 1984 Jun 8;308:121-31 [6746809] Jpn J Cancer Res. 1985 Jun;76(6):457-61 [3926579] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Apr;76(4):693-701 [3457204] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Aug;7(8):1317-22 [3731386] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Sep;7(9):1595-7 [2427242] Cancer Res. 1987 Mar 15;47(6):1577-81 [3815358] Cancer Lett. 1987 Mar;34(3):317-24 [3828983] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Apr;137(4):820-5 [3354987] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(6):685-95 [2480711] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Clostridium botulinum type F using the polymerase chain reaction. AN - 77779936; 7877632 AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a portion of the Clostridium botulinum type F toxin gene. An 1137-bp fragment was amplified from 11 different strains of type F C. botulinum with primers derived from the published sequence of type F strain no. 202. This fragment was not amplified from the DNA of C. botulinum types A, B and E, or from other clostridial organisms examined. When used as a hybridization probe, the 1137-bp PCR-generated fragment generated from one of the type F strains (the proteolytic strain type F Langeland) hybridized to the PCR products from all other type F toxin-producing strains tested. Portions of fragments amplified from the type F Langeland strain were sequenced. The sequence of this strain was found to exhibit approximately 3% variation from the published sequence of the non-proteolytic type F strain no. 202. Primers designed to pair with the regions of maximum sequence variation between strain 202 and the Langeland strain gave amplification products only with DNA from type F strains that exhibited the same proteolytic properties as the strain from which the primer sequences were derived. These findings underscore the need to consider variations in sequence when designing oligonucleotide probes and PCR primers in order to avoid false negative results. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Ferreira, J L AU - Hamdy, M K AU - McCay, S G AU - Hemphill, M AU - Kirma, N AU - Baumstark, B R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, GA. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 365 EP - 373 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Clostridium botulinum -- classification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Botulinum Toxins -- genetics KW - Clostridium botulinum -- isolation & purification KW - Clostridium botulinum -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77779936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Clostridium+botulinum+type+F+using+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+J+L%3BHamdy%2C+M+K%3BMcCay%2C+S+G%3BHemphill%2C+M%3BKirma%2C+N%3BBaumstark%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - S76749; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of respiratory protective devices in the control of tuberculosis. AN - 77767478; 7878492 AB - In this comprehensive review, the authors describe various types of respirators and the major issues in their application to TB control, including the degree of protection they offer and cost. Recent recommendations regarding the use of respiratory protective devices also are discussed. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Hodous, T K AU - Coffey, C C AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. PY - 1994 SP - 631 EP - 657 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ventilators, Mechanical -- standards KW - Humans KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Tuberculosis -- transmission KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- trends KW - Tuberculosis -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77767478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=The+role+of+respiratory+protective+devices+in+the+control+of+tuberculosis.&rft.au=Hodous%2C+T+K%3BCoffey%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-04 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts and carcinogenicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AN - 77763616; 7889844 AB - We have been interested in the structure-activity relationships of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), and have focused on the correlation of structural and electronic features with biological activities, including mutagenicity and tumorigenicity. In our studies, we have emphasized 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes (nitro-B[a]Ps) and related compounds, all of which are derived from the potent carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. While 1-, 2-, and 3-nitro-B[a]P are potent mutagens in Salmonella, 6-nitro-B[a]P is a weak mutagen. In vitro metabolism of 1- and 3-nitro-B[a]P has been found to generate multiple pathways for mutagenic activation. The formation of the corresponding trans-7,8-dihydrodiols and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrols suggests that 1- and 3-nitro-B[a]P trans-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxides are ultimate metabolites of the parent nitro-B[a]Ps. We have isolated a DNA adduct from the reaction between 3-nitro-B[a]P trans-7,8-diol-anti9,10-epoxide and calf thymus DNA, and identified it as 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-ni tro-B[a]P . The same adduct was identified from in vitro metabolism of [3H]3-nitro-B[a]P by rat liver microsomes in the presence of calf thymus DNA. A DNA adduct of 3-nitro-B[a]P formed from reaction of N-hydroxy-3-amino-B[a]P, prepared in situ with calf thymus DNA was also isolated. This adduct was identified as 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-B[a]P. The same adduct was obtained from incubating DNA with 3-nitro-B[a]P in the presence of the mammalian nitroeductase, xanthine oxidase, and hypoxanthine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Fu, P P AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Lay, J O AU - Wu, Y S AU - Lai, J S AU - Evans, F E AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 177 EP - 183 VL - 102 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Biotransformation KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77763616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+and+carcinogenicity+of+nitro-polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BHerreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BLay%2C+J+O%3BWu%2C+Y+S%3BLai%2C+J+S%3BEvans%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1978 Nov 3;202(4367):515-9 [705341] Chem Res Toxicol. 1993 Sep-Oct;6(5):603-8 [8292736] Mutat Res. 1982 May;94(1):13-21 [7048083] Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Jan;47:65-80 [6186484] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):217-67 [6300670] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(6):699-702 [6683130] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Aug 30;115(1):123-9 [6615522] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Dec 16;117(2):541-8 [6661241] Mutat Res. 1984 Apr;126(2):139-44 [6717454] Mutat Res. 1984 Jun-Jul;140(2-3):81-5 [6540365] J Med Chem. 1984 Sep;27(9):1156-61 [6381731] Environ Mutagen. 1984;6(6):797-811 [6389108] Mutat Res. 1985 Jul;143(3):173-81 [3892279] Carcinogenesis. 1985 Aug;6(8):1235-8 [3893788] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Apr;7(4):681-4 [3698200] Mutat Res. 1986 Jul;161(2):109-11 [3523222] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Aug;7(8):1317-22 [3731386] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Nov;7(11):1819-27 [3533305] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Nov;7(11):1837-44 [3769131] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Nov 26;141(1):245-50 [3800998] Mutat Res. 1987 Apr;190(4):247-52 [3550451] Mutagenesis. 1987 Nov;2(6):431-2 [3328034] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Jun;9(6):951-8 [3286032] Mutagenesis. 1988 May;3(3):233-7 [3045485] Mutat Res. 1988 Nov-Dec;209(3-4):115-22 [3057374] Mutat Res. 1989 Mar;225(3):121-5 [2648138] Mutat Res. 1989 Apr;225(4):157-63 [2648140] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1989;13(3):203-10 [2651117] Drug Metab Rev. 1990;22(2-3):209-68 [2272288] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Apr;12(4):609-16 [2013125] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;17(3):169-80 [2022194] Mutat Res. 1991 Sep-Oct;250(1-2):145-52 [1944329] Mutat Res. 1992 Sep;283(1):45-52 [1380662] Chem Res Toxicol. 1992 Nov-Dec;5(6):863-9 [1489938] Chem Biol Interact. 1993 Jan;86(1):1-15 [8431961] Carcinogenesis. 1993 May;14(5):1065-7 [8166885] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Apr 14;105(3):1037-43 [7046751] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adducts in human urinary bladder and lung by alkaline hydrolysis and negative ion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AN - 77763553; 7889831 AB - Analysis of carcinogen-DNA adducts has been regarded as a useful means of assessing human exposure to chemical carcinogens. We have established a method for quantitation of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP)-DNA adducts by alkaline hydrolysis and gas chromatography with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS). Aliquots of DNA (typically 100 micrograms/ml) were spiked with an internal standard, d9-4-ABP, and were hydrolyzed in 0.05 N NaOH at 130 degrees C overnight. The liberated 4-ABP was extracted with hexane and derivatized using pentafluoropropionic anhydride in trimethylamine for 30 min at room temperature prior to GC-NICI-MS. With in vitro [3H]N-hydroxy-4-ABP modified DNA standards, we observed 59 +/- 7% (n = 9) recovery of the 4-ABP and a linear correlation between hydrolyzed 4-ABP and the adduct levels ranging from about 1 in 10(8) to 1 in 10(4) nucleotides (r = 0.999, n = 9). The method was further validated by comparison of the results with that obtained by the 32P-postlabeling method. There was excellent agreement (r = 0.994, p < 0.001) between the two methods for quantitation of the adduct in eight samples of Salmonella typhimurium DNA treated with 4-ABP and rat liver S9, although the 32P-postlabeling method gave slightly higher values. The DNA adducts in 11 human lung and 8 urinary bladder mucosa specimens were then determined by our GC-NICI-MS method. The adduct levels were found to be < 0.32 to 49.5 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides in the lungs and < 0.32 to 3.94 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides in the bladder samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lin, D AU - Lay, J O AU - Bryant, M S AU - Malaveille, C AU - Friesen, M AU - Bartsch, H AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 11 EP - 16 VL - 102 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Alkalies KW - 0 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Hydrolysis KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Urinary Bladder -- chemistry KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77763553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+4-aminobiphenyl-DNA+adducts+in+human+urinary+bladder+and+lung+by+alkaline+hydrolysis+and+negative+ion+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Lin%2C+D%3BLay%2C+J+O%3BBryant%2C+M+S%3BMalaveille%2C+C%3BFriesen%2C+M%3BBartsch%2C+H%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lab Invest. 1978 Mar;38(3):217-24 [633846] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1991 Nov-Dec;1(1):61-6 [1845172] Carcinogenesis. 1982;3(9):1081-92 [7139866] Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Mar;49:125-34 [6339219] Int J Cancer. 1984 Aug 15;34(2):165-70 [6469396] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):6943-7 [6594673] Cancer Res. 1985 Nov;45(11 Pt 2):5656-62 [4053037] Cancer Res. 1987 Jan 15;47(2):602-8 [3791245] Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):1143-8 [3802095] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9788-91 [3200858] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Mar;10(3):577-86 [2924402] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Sep;10(9):1563-6 [2670300] Int J Cancer. 1989 Oct 15;44(4):605-10 [2793232] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Nov;10(11):2149-53 [2805234] Cancer Res. 1990 May 15;50(10):3002-4 [2334904] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Feb 20;83(4):274-80 [1994056] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Apr;12(4):713-7 [2013135] J Chromatogr. 1991 Feb 1;538(2):447-51 [2016388] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5350-4 [2052611] Cancer Lett. 1991 Dec 1;60(3):245-51 [1756515] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978 Dec;32(4):303-13 [744822] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of needlestick injuries to health care workers providing home care. AN - 77719493; 7847637 AB - This research analyzed needlestick injuries sustained by employees working in the home health environment to determine to what extent existing infection control policies and procedures in home health care are effective in reducing the risk of transmission of blood-borne infections. In June and July 1992, a random sample of 600 directors of home health care agencies in the United States were sent questionnaires concerning written blood-borne infection control policies and procedures of home health care agencies. Agency characteristics were also identified. A 46% response rate (n = 278) was obtained. Of the 226 agencies that reported needlestick injury rates, 102 agencies reported no needlestick injuries to home health care agency employees in the "last year" and 124 agencies reported from one to 134 needlestick injuries, for a cumulative total of 475. Statistical analyses revealed that agencies with "safer" sharps containers, "safer" hypodermics, or "safer" access to intravenous administration lines did not have statistically significantly rates of lower needlestick injury than agencies without these "safer" products. This study should be considered exploratory; causal relationships cannot be established. Although written blood-borne infection control policies and procedures do not appear to provide protection to home health care workers from the risk of needlestick injury, limitations in the data exist. Consequently, results should be viewed with caution and additional research is needed. JF - American journal of infection control AU - Backinger, C L AU - Koustenis, G H AD - Division of Professional Practices, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 300 EP - 306 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0196-6553, 0196-6553 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Home Care Services -- manpower KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Needlestick Injuries -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77719493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+needlestick+injuries+to+health+care+workers+providing+home+care.&rft.au=Backinger%2C+C+L%3BKoustenis%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Backinger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.issn=01966553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-09 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectious diseases associated with molluscan shellfish consumption. AN - 77717954; 7834599 AB - A history of shellfish-vectored illnesses (i.e., those associated with consumption of clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops) occurring in the past nine decades is presented. Typhoid fever was a significant public health problem among consumers of raw molluscan shellfish earlier in this century. The development of more effective sewage treatment procedures and the institution of a national program following these outbreaks led to a series of measures which eventually eliminated shellfish-associated typhoid fever. Present-day problems associated with this food source still involve some wastewaterborne bacterial illnesses. However, the principal public health concerns are with wastewater-derived viral pathogens and with bacterial agents of an environmental origin. The nature, occurrence, and magnitude of these public health problems are described. JF - Clinical microbiology reviews AU - Rippey, S R AD - Northeast Seafood Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Davisville, Rhode Island 02852. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 419 EP - 425 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Hepatitis A -- history KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Vibrio Infections -- microbiology KW - History, 18th Century KW - Typhoid Fever -- epidemiology KW - History, 19th Century KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Vibrio Infections -- history KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Vibrio Infections -- epidemiology KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Seasons KW - Typhoid Fever -- history KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- microbiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- history KW - Disease Outbreaks -- history KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77717954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+microbiology+reviews&rft.atitle=Infectious+diseases+associated+with+molluscan+shellfish+consumption.&rft.au=Rippey%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Rippey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+microbiology+reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1974 Dec;100(6):487-98 [4447110] N Engl J Med. 1979 Jan 4;300(1):1-5 [758155] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983 Jul;32(4):812-7 [6881430] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Aug;50(2):261-4 [2996421] Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1987 Feb;6(2):109-17 [3816129] Sven Lakartidn. 1956 Apr 20;53(16):989-1003 [13324708] Ann Intern Med. 1988 Aug 15;109(4):261-3 [3293491] Epidemiology. 1991 Nov;2(6):437-40 [1790196] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Mar;58(3):826-31 [1575484] Adv Food Res. 1960;10:135-79 [13773918] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jun;53(6):1349-51 [3606112] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quinolone arthropathy in juvenile New Zealand white rabbits. AN - 77713085; 7531256 AB - Twenty juvenile New Zealand white rabbits were dosed orally once daily with 1,000 mg of nalidixic acid/kg for 3, 7, and 14 consecutive days, then for 14 days followed by a 14-day recovery period. Eighteen age-matched rabbits were allotted to four groups and given corn oil vehicle to serve as controls for the various treatment durations. The articular cartilage from the stifle joints, shoulders, and elbows was studied by gross examination, light microscopy, and toluidine blue histochemistry, and the hips were studied by gross examination and transmission electron microscopy. When examined grossly, raised vesicles could be detected in the joints of some animals after 3 days of treatment. The distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the ulna were predilection sites for gross lesions. Histologically, the vesicles were fluid-filled clefts in the intermediate layer of the articular cartilage. After 14 days, many of the lacunae in the areas of the defects contained chondrocyte clusters. When treated for 14 days and allowed a 14-day recovery period, territorial matrix had been deposited around individual chondrocytes within the clusters, compressing the matrix between the chondrocyte clusters into thin collagenous bands. For all treatment groups, decreased metachromasia, when stained with toluidine blue, provided histochemical evidence of loss of glycosaminoglycans in the matrix around the clefts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Laboratory animal science AU - Sharpnack, D D AU - Mastin, J P AU - Childress, C P AU - Henningsen, G M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 436 EP - 442 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0023-6764, 0023-6764 KW - Tolonium Chloride KW - 15XUH0X66N KW - Nalidixic Acid KW - 3B91HWA56M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Cell Nucleus -- pathology KW - Ulna -- pathology KW - Rabbits KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Femur -- pathology KW - Cartilage, Articular -- pathology KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Female KW - Osteoarthritis -- chemically induced KW - Osteoarthritis -- pathology KW - Nalidixic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Disease Models, Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77713085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+animal+science&rft.atitle=Quinolone+arthropathy+in+juvenile+New+Zealand+white+rabbits.&rft.au=Sharpnack%2C+D+D%3BMastin%2C+J+P%3BChildress%2C+C+P%3BHenningsen%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Sharpnack&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laboratory+animal+science&rft.issn=00236764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequent immunohistochemical detection of EGF supergene family members in ovarian carcinogenesis. AN - 76928182; 7814196 AB - Primary and metastatic ovarian cystadenocarcinomas, carcinomas of low malignant potential (borderline tumors), benign ovarian cystadenomas, and normal ovaries were compared for immunoperoxidase detection of the ligands epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), amphiregulin (AR), cripto, and the receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), and c-erbB-2. This matrix analysis of these EGF family members indicated no specific pattern of ligand or receptor expression with a specific ovarian histologic category except in the case of AR and TGF-alpha. AR was detected almost exclusively in borderline tumors, suggesting that these tumors may not arise as a pathological continuum between benign cystadenomas and invasive cystadenocarcinomas. Second, the presence of TGF-alpha immunoreactivity in the absence of coexpression of cripto or EGF appeared to be associated only with adenocarcinomas of high grade and stage. JF - International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists AU - Stromberg, K AU - Johnson, G R AU - O'Connor, D M AU - Sorensen, C M AU - Gullick, W J AU - Kannan, B AD - Laboratory of Cell Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 342 EP - 347 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0277-1691, 0277-1691 KW - AREG protein, human KW - 0 KW - Amphiregulin KW - EGF Family of Proteins KW - GPI-Linked Proteins KW - Glycoproteins KW - Growth Substances KW - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - TDGF1 protein, human KW - Transforming Growth Factor alpha KW - Epidermal Growth Factor KW - 62229-50-9 KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Receptor, ErbB-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptor, ErbB-2 -- analysis KW - Glycoproteins -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Transforming Growth Factor alpha -- analysis KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- analysis KW - Growth Substances -- analysis KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- analysis KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Female KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemistry KW - Multigene Family KW - Epidermal Growth Factor -- genetics KW - Epidermal Growth Factor -- analysis KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76928182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+gynecological+pathology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+of+Gynecological+Pathologists&rft.atitle=Frequent+immunohistochemical+detection+of+EGF+supergene+family+members+in+ovarian+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Stromberg%2C+K%3BJohnson%2C+G+R%3BO%27Connor%2C+D+M%3BSorensen%2C+C+M%3BGullick%2C+W+J%3BKannan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Stromberg&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+gynecological+pathology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+of+Gynecological+Pathologists&rft.issn=02771691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point estimates of cancer risk at low doses. AN - 76900121; 7800868 AB - There has been considerable discussion regarding the conservativeness of low-dose cancer risk estimates based upon linear extrapolation from upper confidence limits. Various groups have expressed a need for best (point) estimates of cancer risk in order to improve risk/benefit decisions. Point estimates of carcinogenic potency obtained from maximum likelihood estimates of low-dose slope may be highly unstable, being sensitive both to the choice of the dose-response model and possibly to minimal perturbations of the data. For carcinogens that augment background carcinogenic processes and/or for mutagenic carcinogens, at low doses the tumor incidence versus target tissue dose is expected to be linear. Pharmacokinetic data may be needed to identify and adjust for exposure-dose nonlinearities. Based on the assumption that the dose response is linear over low doses, a stable point estimate for low-dose cancer risk is proposed. Since various models give similar estimates of risk down to levels of 1%, a stable estimate of the low-dose cancer slope is provided by ŝ = 0.01/ED01, where ED01 is the dose corresponding to an excess cancer risk of 1%. Thus, low-dose estimates of cancer risk are obtained by, risk = ŝ x dose. The proposed procedure is similar to one which has been utilized in the past by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration. The upper confidence limit, s., corresponding to this point estimate of low-dose slope is similar to the upper limit, q1., obtained from the generalized multistage model. The advantage of the proposed procedure is that ŝ provides stable estimates of low-dose carcinogenic potency, which are not unduly influenced by small perturbations of the tumor incidence rates, unlike q1. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AU - Springer, J A AU - Lorentzen, R J AU - Scheuplein, R J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 843 EP - 850 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Probability KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76900121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Point+estimates+of+cancer+risk+at+low+doses.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BSpringer%2C+J+A%3BLorentzen%2C+R+J%3BScheuplein%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential problems associated with the Rustrak Ranger data logger's data storage technique. AN - 76847926; 7977034 AB - To maximize the 8 kilobyte memory of the Rustrak Ranger data logger, a patented technique called adaptive storage was used. With adaptive storage, the data logger predicts the value of an incoming reading. Based on previously stored readings, the data logger predicts the next reading to be constant, linear, or exponential. If the reading falls outside a window surrounding the predictions, it is stored; otherwise, it is discarded. The size of the window affects the rate at which the readings are stored, and thus is adjusted so data can be collected for the specified sampling time. If the windows are made too large, there is a resultant loss in the resolution of the data. The characteristics of the instrument and the contaminant or physical agent being measured (i.e., air contaminant versus noise) also affect data resolution. In this evaluation, previously collected exposure data (air monitoring) were sent by a computer to the Rustrak Ranger for recording. To determine the effect of the sampling time on resolution, the recorded data were analyzed using two different methods. Sampling times varied from 2 to 120 minutes. These tests showed poor resolution for sampling times as short as 30 minutes, indicating that the Rustrak Ranger may not be suitable for certain types of sampling schemes. However, if used within its limitations, this data logger is a valuable tool for recording real-time industrial hygiene data. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Gressel, M G AU - Kovein, R J AU - Hentz, P A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 970 EP - 976 VL - 55 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Occupational Health KW - Computer Storage Devices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76847926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Potential+problems+associated+with+the+Rustrak+Ranger+data+logger%27s+data+storage+technique.&rft.au=Gressel%2C+M+G%3BKovein%2C+R+J%3BHentz%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Gressel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=970&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Musculoskeletal disorders among visual display terminal users in a telecommunications company. AN - 76807572; 7957018 AB - The relationship between workplace factors and work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UE disorders) was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 533 telecommunication employees utilizing video display terminals (VDTs). Cases of UE disorders were defined using symptom questionnaires and physical examinations. Data on demographics, individual factors (medical conditions and recreational activities), work organization and practices, and psychosocial aspects of work, including electronic performance monitoring (EPM), were obtained by questionnaire. Associations between workplace factors and UE disorders were assessed by multiple logistic models generated for each of the four UE areas (neck, shoulder, elbow, hand/wrists). One-hundred and eleven (22%) participants met our case definition for UE disorders. Probable tendon-related disorders were the most common (15% of participants). Probable nerve entrapment syndromes were found in 4% of participants. The hand/wrist was the area most affected, 12% of participants. The following variables had associations in the final models (p < 0.05) with at least one of the four UE disorders, although the strength of these associations were modest. Non-white race, a diagnosis of a thyroid condition (self-reported) use of bifocals at work, and seven psychosocial variables (fear of being replaced by computers, increasing work pressure, surges in workload, routine work lacking decision-making opportunities, high information processing demands, jobs which required a variety of tasks and lack of a production standard) were associated with UE disorders. This study indicates that work-related UE musculoskeletal disorders are relatively common among telecommunication workers who use VDTs, and adds to the evidence that the psychosocial work environment is related to the occurrence of these disorders. JF - Ergonomics AU - Hales, T R AU - Sauter, S L AU - Peterson, M R AU - Fine, L J AU - Putz-Anderson, V AU - Schleifer, L R AU - Ochs, T T AU - Bernard, B P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1603 EP - 1621 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Computer Terminals KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Telecommunications KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76807572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Musculoskeletal+disorders+among+visual+display+terminal+users+in+a+telecommunications+company.&rft.au=Hales%2C+T+R%3BSauter%2C+S+L%3BPeterson%2C+M+R%3BFine%2C+L+J%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V%3BSchleifer%2C+L+R%3BOchs%2C+T+T%3BBernard%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Hales&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro modeling of spinal anesthesia. A digital video image processing technique and its application to catheter characterization. AN - 76781688; 7943816 AB - Maldistribution of intrathecal local anesthetic has recently been implicated as a contributor to neurotoxic injury. In vitro modeling can be used to understand the distribution of anesthetic agents within the subarachnoid space. We describe an in vitro modeling technique that uses digital video image processing and its application to catheter injection of local anesthetic. A clear plastic model of the subarachnoid space, including a simulated spinal cord and cauda equina, was filled with lactated Ringer's solution. Phthalocyanine blue dye of known concentration was injected into the model through small-bore (28-G) and large-bore (18-G) catheters. Injections were performed at a variety of controlled rates and sacral catheter positions, and the propagation of dye throughout the model was recorded on videotape, digitized by computer, and converted to a two-dimensional image of dye concentration. A subset of data was compared with results obtained from spectrophotometric analysis. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.98) between data obtained with analysis by digital video image processing and those obtained spectrophotometrically. Catheter size, catheter angle, and injection rate significantly influenced the distribution and peak concentration of simulated anesthetic. No major differences in distribution or peak concentration were observed with the two types of 28-G catheters. The digital video image processing technique can be used to quantify anesthetic distribution rapidly within a model of the subarachnoid space without disturbing the distribution. The current results demonstrate a strong dependence of anesthetic distribution on catheter angle, catheter size, and injection rate. Comparisons between 28-G catheters suggest that the difference in reported incidence of cauda equina syndrome associated with different 28-G catheters cannot be explained on the basis of differences in anesthetic distribution. JF - Anesthesiology AU - Robinson, R A AU - Stewart, S F AU - Myers, M R AU - Lien, L F AU - Rinaldi, J R AU - Swisher, J L AU - Drasner, K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 1053 EP - 1060 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0003-3022, 0003-3022 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Computer Simulation KW - Injections, Spinal KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Catheterization -- methods KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Anesthesia, Spinal KW - Video Recording KW - Models, Biological KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76781688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anesthesiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+modeling+of+spinal+anesthesia.+A+digital+video+image+processing+technique+and+its+application+to+catheter+characterization.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+R+A%3BStewart%2C+S+F%3BMyers%2C+M+R%3BLien%2C+L+F%3BRinaldi%2C+J+R%3BSwisher%2C+J+L%3BDrasner%2C+K&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anesthesiology&rft.issn=00033022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of mutations at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 76759065; 7523883 AB - Cells from the human lymphoblastoid cell line, AHH-1, were exposed to two direct-acting mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ethyl nitrosourea (ENU), and to three carcinogens that require metabolic activation to an electrophile, benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P), 6-aminochrysene (6-AC), and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC); mutation induction at the HPRT locus was quantified by resistance to 6-thioguanine (6-TGr). Exposure of AHH-1 cells to either EMS or ENU resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in mutant frequency at the HPRT locus. When AHH-1 cells were exposed to B(a)P, the increase in mutant frequency at the HPRT locus was marginally significant linearly and significant quadratically. The 32P-postlabeling assay revealed the formation of DNA adducts derived from (+/-)anti-benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide which may account for the increase in 6-TGr clones. Although DNA adducts could be detected by the 32P-postlabeling assay in both 6-NC- and 6-AC-treated AHH-1 cells, exposure to 6-AC or 6-NC did not result in a concentration-dependent increase in mutant frequency at the HPRT locus. Our results are consistent with the results of previous studies which indicate that EMS and ENU are effective inducers of 6-TGr clones as is B9(a)P when activated to an electrophile. In 6-NC- and 6-AC-exposed cells, low levels of N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene-derived adducts were detected in only 6-NC-exposed cells. No 6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol-derived adducts were detected following 6-NC or 6-AC exposure. Minimal metabolic activation of 6-NC or 6-AC by AHH-1 cells may account for the lack of a positive mutagenic response for either 6-AC or 6-NC. JF - Mutation research AU - Morris, S M AU - Domon, O E AU - Delclos, K B AU - Chen, J J AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, US Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/10/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 01 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 310 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - HPRT KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - Mutagens KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - 6-chrysenamine KW - I56L81BL2L KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - DNA Damage KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Alkylating Agents -- toxicity KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - Mutagenesis KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76759065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+mutations+at+the+hypoxanthine+phosphoribosyl+transferase+%28HPRT%29+locus+in+AHH-1+human+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BDelclos%2C+K+B%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=310&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - HPRT N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro folate deficiency induces deoxynucleotide pool imbalance, apoptosis, and mutagenesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AN - 76748746; 7923120 AB - The genetic and epigenetic effects of nutritional folate deficiency were studied in two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. The CHO-AA8 cell line (hemizygous at the aprt locus) and CHO-UV5 (DNA repair-deficient mutant of AA8) were cultured in Ham's F-12 medium or in custom-prepared Ham's F-12 medium lacking folic acid, thymidine, and hypoxanthine. Cells cultured acutely in the folate deficient medium exhibited initial growth arrest, followed by massive cell death and DNA fragmentation into nucleosomal multimers characteristic of apoptosis. Although prolonged culture in the folate deficient medium was cytostatic and lethal to the majority cells, minor subpopulations in both cell lines failed to initiate cell death, exhibited phenotypic abnormalities, and adapted a selective growth advantage under marginal folate conditions. These "resistant" clones exhibited major alterations in deoxynucleotide pools associated with an increase in mutant frequency at the aprt locus as detected by resistance to cytotoxicity in 8-azaadenosine. The mutation frequency in the DNA repair-deficient CHO-UV5 cells was approximately 100-fold greater than that in the parental AA8 clones, underscoring the importance of DNA repair under conditions of folate deficiency and nucleotide pool imbalance. The enhanced mutation frequency in the DNA repair-competent folate-deficient CHO-AA8 cells suggests that DNA repair activity is less effective under folate-deficient conditions. These results add to the accumulating clinical and experimental evidence relating chronic folate deficiency to genomic instability and carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer research AU - James, S J AU - Basnakian, A G AU - Miller, B J AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/10/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Oct 01 SP - 5075 EP - 5080 VL - 54 IS - 19 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Deoxyribonucleotides KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - CHO Cells KW - Cricetinae KW - Cell Division KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- pathology KW - Apoptosis KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- genetics KW - Deoxyribonucleotides -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76748746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=In+vitro+folate+deficiency+induces+deoxynucleotide+pool+imbalance%2C+apoptosis%2C+and+mutagenesis+in+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells.&rft.au=James%2C+S+J%3BBasnakian%2C+A+G%3BMiller%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=5075&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Superoxide anion production in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and fungal spores implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. AN - 76738486; 7925197 AB - High amounts of fungal spores, bacteria, and bacterial endotoxin have been found in dust associated with the poorly characterized syndrome, organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). As part of an ongoing investigation to determine the etiopathogenesis for ODTS, this study has focused on activation of guinea pig bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) cells as evidenced by the production of superoxide anion in response to fungal spores and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fungal spores from Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Eurotima amstelodami, Penicillium spinulosum, and Cladosporium cladosporioides were all shown to increase superoxide anion production, each with different potencies. LPS stimulated little superoxide anion production in BAL cells, but when cells were pretreated with LPS prior to stimulation with fungal spores, superoxide anion production was increased over that induced by either spores or LPS alone. These results suggest that the inhalation of LPS together with fungal spores could possibly provoke abnormal lung pathologies. JF - Environmental research AU - Shahan, T A AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Lewis, D M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 98 EP - 107 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Syndrome KW - Spores, Fungal KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Aspergillus -- immunology KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Fungi -- immunology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- metabolism KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- microbiology KW - Air Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76738486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Superoxide+anion+production+in+response+to+bacterial+lipopolysaccharide+and+fungal+spores+implicated+in+organic+dust+toxic+syndrome.&rft.au=Shahan%2C+T+A%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Shahan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic toxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-aminofluorene and some of their metabolites and model metabolites. AN - 76699555; 7521935 AB - 2-Acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene are among the most intensively studied of all chemical mutagens and carcinogens. Fundamental research findings concerning the metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene to electrophilic derivatives, the interaction of these derivatives with DNA, and the carcinogenic and mutagenic responses that are associated with the resulting DNA damage have formed the foundation upon which much of genetic toxicity testing is based. The parent compounds and their proximate and ultimate mutagenic and carcinogenic derivatives have been evaluated in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic assays for mutagenesis and DNA damage. The reactive derivatives are active in virtually all systems, while 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene are active in most systems that provide adequate metabolic activation. Knowledge of the structures of the DNA adducts formed by 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene, the effects of the adducts on DNA conformation and synthesis, adduct distribution in tissues, cells and DNA, and adduct repair have been used to develop hypotheses to understand the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of these compounds. Molecular analysis of mutations produced in cell-free, bacterial, in vitro mammalian, and intact animal systems have recently been used to extend these hypotheses. JF - Mutation research AU - Heflich, R H AU - Neft, R E AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 73 EP - 114 VL - 318 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - Mutagens KW - 2-aminofluorene KW - 3A69OS195N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76699555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genetic+toxicity+of+2-acetylaminofluorene%2C+2-aminofluorene+and+some+of+their+metabolites+and+model+metabolites.&rft.au=Heflich%2C+R+H%3BNeft%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Heflich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=318&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure and risk from ambient particle-bound pollution in an airshed dominated by residential wood combustion and mobile sources. AN - 36365305; 201002-31-0247283 (CE); 11701624 (EN) AB - A major field study was conducted in Boise, Idaho, during the heating season of 1986 to 1987 as part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project. Filter samples were systematically collected in residences and in the ambient air across the community to characterize the particle-bound pollutants. The extractable organic matter (EOM) from the filter samples was apportioned to its source of origin, either residential wood combustion (RWC) or mobile sources (MS). Two composite samples, with apportioned contributions from RWC and MS, were prepared from the Boise ambient samples and tested for tumor-initiation potency. A comparative potency lung cancer risk estimate has been made based on the two ambient composite samples from this airshed. In addition, a microenvironmental exposure model was developed from the Boise data and from national survey data to estimate the exposure to EOM from RWC and MS. In this paper, the microenvironmental model is extrapolated to provide an estimate of the average annual exposure and dose in Boise to EOM from RWC and MS. The annual model considers actual pollutant levels in Boise, historical changes in RWC usage and meteorological dilution factors and the likely activities in the various microenvironmental zones and their resultant inhalation rates. Combined with the lifetime risk estimates, the average annual dose suggests a risk of about 4 x 10(-4) based upon the composite ambient samples. Despite the fact that RWC accounts for 73% of the EOM on an annual average basis, it accounts for only about 20% of the estimated lifetime risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cupitt, L T AU - Glen, W G AU - Lewtas, J AD - Methods Research and Development Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. PY - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 84 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Risk KW - Estimates KW - Wood KW - Combustion KW - Cancer KW - Pollutants KW - Residential KW - Air pollution KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36365305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+and+risk+from+ambient+particle-bound+pollution+in+an+airshed+dominated+by+residential+wood+combustion+and+mobile+sources.&rft.au=Cupitt%2C+L+T%3BGlen%2C+W+G%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cupitt&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of durability of mineral fibers for their toxicity and carcinogenic potency in the abdominal cavity of rats in comparison with the low sensitivity of inhalation studies. AN - 36364284; 201002-31-0247295 (CE); 11701636 (EN) AB - At the same time that carcinogenicity of very thin glass fibers after intrapleural and intraperitoneal (ip) administration was demonstrated (1,2) researchers found that gypsum fibers and HCI-leached chrysotile fibers were easily soluble in the peritoneal cavity. This led to the conclusion that the chemical composition of fibers was not responsible for the carcinogenesis but that the degree of carcinogenic potency of a fiber depended on the extent to which it retained its fibrous structure. A thin glass fiber with a low biodurability did not induce tumors after ip injection of a high dose, although the ip test had been criticized for being "overly sensitive." The ip model has been the most successful for determining carcinogenicity of inorganic fibers and establishing dose-response relationships; but to determine the possibilities and limitations of this test model, very high doses of nonfibrous silicon carbide and of a slightly durable glass fiber type were injected ip in Wistar rats. No obviously acute or chronic toxic effect was observed in 90 weeks, but there was a 40% incidence of serosal tumors in the group treated with glass fibers. A pilot study on the persistence of slag fibers in the omentum of rats after ip injection showed a half-time of about 1 year. It was calculated that an ip injection of 10(9) fibers would lead to a concentration of fiber numbers in the ash of the omentum in the same range as the concentration in the lung after 2 years of inhalation exposure. The long-term inhalation study with fibers in rats has been called the "gold standard" for risk characterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pott, F AU - Roller, M AU - Kamino, K AU - Bellmann, B AD - Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany. PY - 1994 SP - 145 EP - 150 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fibers KW - Glass fibers KW - Rats KW - Carcinogens KW - Inhalation KW - Durability KW - Tumors KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Significance+of+durability+of+mineral+fibers+for+their+toxicity+and+carcinogenic+potency+in+the+abdominal+cavity+of+rats+in+comparison+with+the+low+sensitivity+of+inhalation+studies.&rft.au=Pott%2C+F%3BRoller%2C+M%3BKamino%2C+K%3BBellmann%2C+B&rft.aulast=Pott&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for direct-acting oxidative genotoxicity by reduction products of azo dyes. AN - 36363394; 201002-31-0247306 (CE); 11701647 (EN) AB - The intestinal flora forms a complex ecosystem that metabolizes dietary and endogenous nutrients under primarily anaerobic conditions. The ingestion of azo dyes has been proposed as one source of potential genotoxic agents. Many intestinal bacteria are able to reduce the azo bond (termed azofission), which liberates the substituted naphthol compounds. The standard Ames test has not demonstrated mutagenicity either by various common food colorings or by their reduced end products in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. In contrast, genetic toxicity was demonstrated in the Escherichia coli differential kill assay and in S. typhimurium TA102 for the reduced dyes. The superoxide free radical was produced by the azo dyes only after reduction by the intestinal bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sweeney, E A AU - Chipman, J K AU - Forsythe, S J AD - Department of Life Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, England. PY - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 122 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Azo dyes KW - Reduction KW - Genotoxicity KW - Ingestion KW - Free radicals KW - Toxicity KW - Azo KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36363394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+direct-acting+oxidative+genotoxicity+by+reduction+products+of+azo+dyes.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+E+A%3BChipman%2C+J+K%3BForsythe%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions. AN - 36360885; 201002-31-0247282 (CE); 11701623 (EN) AB - Information from toxicological and epidemiological studies of the cancer and noncancer health risks from inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DE) and gasoline engine exhaust (GE) was reviewed. The toxicological database is more extensive for DE than for GE. Animal studies have shown that heavy, chronic exposures to both DE and GE can cause lung pathology and associated physiological effects. Inhaled GE has not been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. Chronically inhaled DE at high concentrations is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats, but the response is questionable in mice and negative in Syrian hamsters. The response in rats is probably not attributable to the DE soot-associated organic compounds, as previously assumed, and the usefulness of the rat data for predicting risk in humans is uncertain. Experimental human exposures to DE show that lung inflammatory and other cellular effects can occur after single exposures, and sparse data suggest that occupational exposures might affect respiratory function and symptoms. Epidemiology suggests that heavy occupational exposures to exhaust probably increase the risks for mortality from both lung cancer and noncancer pulmonary disease. The small magnitudes of the increases in these risks make the studies very sensitive to confounding factors and uncertainties of exposure; thus, it may not be possible to resolve exposure-response relationships conclusively by epidemiology. Our present knowledge suggests that heavy occupational exposures to DE and GE are hazardous but does not allow quantitative estimates of risk with a high degree of certainty. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mauderly, J L AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185. PY - 1994 SP - 165 EP - 171 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Exposure KW - Risk KW - Germanium KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational KW - Health KW - Lungs KW - Exhaust KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicological+and+epidemiological+evidence+for+health+risks+from+inhaled+engine+emissions.&rft.au=Mauderly%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mauderly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural requirements for the ferrihemoglobin-forming activity of glutathione S-conjugates of 4-dimethylaminophenol. AN - 36360448; 201002-31-0247305 (CE); 11701646 (EN) AB - 4-Dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) is a suitable cyanide antidote that rapidly forms ferrihemoglobin by catalytic transfer of electrons from ferrohemoglobin to oxygen. Deleterious methemoglobinemia, because of the catalytic cycling, is prevented by side reactions of oxidized DMAP with thiols, particularly with glutathione (GSH). In human red cells, both in vitro and in vivo, the formation of a transient bis-glutathione and a stable tris-glutathione adduct was observed. To investigate the reactivity of GSH adducts of DMAP, we synthesized various thioethers by oxidizing DMAP with PbO2 in 0.1 M sulfuric acid followed by reaction with GSH. The following compounds were isolated and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and determination of the pK values: 4-dimethylamino-2-(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2-GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-3-(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (3-GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-2,5-bis(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,5-bis GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-2,6-bis(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,6-bis GS-DMAP), and 4-dimethylamino-2,3,6-tris(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,3,6-tris GS-DMAP). Ferrihemoglobin-forming activity was investigated with oxyhemoglobin, alkylated with N-ethylmaleimide (Hb-NES) to prevent binding of oxidized compounds to the protein SH groups. DMAP, 2,6-bis-GS-DMAP, and 2-GS-DMAP (0.1 mM each) completely oxidized Hb-NES (0.6 mM) in a decreasing order of activity (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, air); the other derivatives were quite inactive. The same thioether reactivity was observed during autoxidation. Ferrihemoglobin formation by the reactive thioethers was greatly enhanced when the oxygen tension was increased from 2 to 100%. In contrast, variation of the oxygen tension had only marginal effects on the activity of DMAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ludwig, E AU - Eyer, P AD - Walther-Straub-Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Germany. PY - 1994 SP - 133 EP - 136 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Oxygen tension KW - Glutathione KW - Catalysts KW - Adducts KW - Catalysis KW - Derivatives KW - Binding KW - Surgical implants KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Structural+requirements+for+the+ferrihemoglobin-forming+activity+of+glutathione+S-conjugates+of+4-dimethylaminophenol.&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+E%3BEyer%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of fat and calcium in the production of foci of aberrant crypts in the colon of rats fed 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine. AN - 36355983; 201002-31-0247304 (CE); 11701645 (EN) AB - The modulation by dietary fat levels of intestine carcinogenesis is well documented. New developments suggest that calcium ions may also play a role. A rapid bioassay, the induction of foci of aberrant crypts in the colon, was used to explore the interaction between dietary fat and calcium. Male F344 rats 6 weeks of age were placed on diets containing 5 or 20% corn oil, and 0.04 or 0.32% calcium ion, as calcium lactate. Each dietary group was fed 400 ppm 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP), and negative controls received the diets alone. A positive control group was given 2 mg N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) intrarectally four times in a 2-week period. All rats were killed after 9 weeks. The intestinal tract was rinsed with Krebs-Ringer buffer. After staining a 6-cm segment of the descending colon and rectum with 0.2% methylene blue, foci of aberrant crypts were evaluated microscopically. With PhlP as a carcinogen, the rats on a high-fat, low-calcium level had more foci of aberrant crypts than animals on a low-fat level. With the higher calcium level, there were fewer foci and aberrant crypts, but the effect of fat was still significant. With NMU and a low-calcium level, the effect of fat level was evident. However, with the higher calcium intake, there were considerably more foci of aberrant crypts than on the low-calcium level, and the effect of the dietary fat level was not obvious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weisburger, J H AU - Braley, J AU - Reinhardt, J AU - Aliaga, C AU - Rivenson, A AU - Hard, G C AU - Zhang, X M AU - Takahashi, M AU - Esumi, H AU - Sugimura, T AD - American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595-1599. PY - 1994 SP - 53 EP - 55 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Aberration KW - Calcium KW - Crypts KW - Rats KW - Colon KW - Carcinogens KW - Diets KW - Control equipment KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+fat+and+calcium+in+the+production+of+foci+of+aberrant+crypts+in+the+colon+of+rats+fed+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5D-pyridine.&rft.au=Weisburger%2C+J+H%3BBraley%2C+J%3BReinhardt%2C+J%3BAliaga%2C+C%3BRivenson%2C+A%3BHard%2C+G+C%3BZhang%2C+X+M%3BTakahashi%2C+M%3BEsumi%2C+H%3BSugimura%2C+T&rft.aulast=Weisburger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of nongenotoxic mechanisms in arylamine carcinogenesis. AN - 36352814; 201002-31-0247307 (CE); 11701648 (EN) AB - The growth of preneoplastic nodules during the feeding of a carcinogenic 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) regimen is preceded by several alterations in the physiologic homeostasis. Many of these alterations can be considered adaptive responses to the drug exposure. One property of AAF could be identified that clearly distinguishes this complete rat liver carcinogen from at least two other, incomplete rat liver carcinogens. Highly specific redox cycling in mitochondria was demonstrated in vitro, and this observation could well contribute an explanation of the morphologic and histochemical observations in vivo. It is emphasized that nongenotoxic effects may play an important role in the generation of tumors by genotoxic carcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Neumann, H G AU - Ambs, S AU - Bitsch, A AD - Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat Wurzburg, Germany. PY - 1994 SP - 173 EP - 176 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Liver KW - Alterations KW - Mitochondria KW - Surgical implants KW - Drugs KW - In vitro testing KW - Homeostasis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36352814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+nongenotoxic+mechanisms+in+arylamine+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Neumann%2C+H+G%3BAmbs%2C+S%3BBitsch%2C+A&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The carcinogenicity of methoxyl derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene: correlation between DNA adducts and genotoxicity. AN - 36352295; 201002-31-0247308 (CE); 11701649 (EN) AB - To elucidate the cause of the difference in genotoxic activity between carcinogenic 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB) and noncarcinogenic 2-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (2-MeO-AAB), we analyzed DNA adducts in the livers of rats exposed to either of these chemicals and studied the resulting biologic potential with the aid of in vitro modified M13 phage DNA. 32P-Postalbeling analysis revealed that the carcinogen 3-MeO-AAB produced 20-fold higher amounts of adducts than did 2-MeO-AAB. Five adducts were formed in the 3-MeO-AAB case whereas only one adduct was apparent in 2-MeO-AAB-treated rat. Studies of in vitro DNA replication using N-hydroxy (N-OH)-aminoazo dye-modified M13 phage DNA as a template demonstrated inhibition by 3-MeO-AAB adducts to be substantially greater than in the 2-MeO-AAB-adducts. The specificity of mutagenesis induced in M13mp9 phage DNA by these chemicals also was analyzed after transfection into SOS-induced Escherichia coli JM103, mutation frequencies being higher with N-OH-3-MeO-AAB- than N-OH-2-MeO-AAB-modified DNA. The mutation spectra differed in each case. Our data suggest that the difference in hepatocarcinogenic activity between the two chemicals depends not only on qualitative and quantitative variation in adduct formation but also on conformation changes in modified DNA. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kojima, M AU - Degawa, M AU - Hashimoto, Y AU - Tada, M AD - Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 191 EP - 194 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Adducts KW - Phage KW - Biological effects KW - Carcinogens KW - In vitro testing KW - Images KW - Mutations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36352295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+carcinogenicity+of+methoxyl+derivatives+of+4-aminoazobenzene%3A+correlation+between+DNA+adducts+and+genotoxicity.&rft.au=Kojima%2C+M%3BDegawa%2C+M%3BHashimoto%2C+Y%3BTada%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kojima&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible application of urinary analysis to estimate dissolution of some man-made vitreous fibers. AN - 36349608; 201002-31-0247298 (CE); 11701639 (EN) AB - A preliminary study at the institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) examined the dissolution of three man-made vitreous fiber samples (glasswool, rockwool, glass microfibers: JM 100) after intraperitoneal injections in male Wistar rats. The chemical composition of the original fibers was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). The urine of the rats was collected at fixed times between day 1 and day 204, and the ICP was used to look for elements known to be present in the original fibers. At day 204, a piece of omentum was removed at autopsy, ashed and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) to identify the elements remaining in the fibers. Silicon and aluminium were retained in the fibers from all samples at day 204. Losses in calcium, sodium, magnesium, and sulfur were observed, but these elements were not studied in the urine samples because they are naturally present in relatively high concentrations in rat cells and biological fluids. Although there was a loss of zinc from the glass microfibers, no corresponding difference was observed between the zinc levels excreted by the treated animals and by the controls. Similarly, despite the loss of manganese from the rockwool fibers at day 204, none was detectable in the urine samples. Titanium, present at the 0.3% level in rockwool, was not detectable by EDXA at day 204, but small quantities were detected in the first 2 weeks in the urine samples of rats treated with rockwool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wastiaux, A AU - Blanchard, O AU - Honnons, S AD - Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. PY - 1994 SP - 217 EP - 219 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fibers KW - Magnesium KW - Urine KW - Zinc KW - Inductively coupled plasma KW - Rats KW - Dissolution KW - Glass KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Possible+application+of+urinary+analysis+to+estimate+dissolution+of+some+man-made+vitreous+fibers.&rft.au=Wastiaux%2C+A%3BBlanchard%2C+O%3BHonnons%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wastiaux&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Asbestotic Pleural Plaques in Northeast Corsica: Correlations with Airborne and Pleural Mineralogic Analysis AN - 36349340; 201002-31-0247296 (CE); 11701637 (EN) AB - We report a prevalence study of environmental pleural plaques in subjects over 50 years old from the northeastern Corsican village of Murato, built on asbestos surface deposits. The percentage of plaques was 41%, versus 7.5% in the control village of Vezzani. Although surface deposits contain both chrysotile and tremolite, airborne pollution and asbestos lung burden of exposed inhabitants consist essentially of tremolite as assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, TEM analysis of the parietal pleura of three animals bred in exposed areas showed a predominance of short fibers of chrysotile. The respective roles of tremolite and chrysotile in inducing pleural plaques in Corsica should thus be considered.aEnviron Health Perspect 102(Suppl 5):251a252 (1994) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rey, F AU - Boutin, C AU - Viallat, J R AU - Steinbauer, J AU - Alessandroni, P AU - Jutisz, P AU - Di Giambattista, D AU - Billon-Galland, M A AU - Hereng, P AU - Dumortier, P AU - De Vuyst, P PY - 1994 SP - 251 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tremolite KW - Chrysotile KW - Deposition KW - Villages KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Asbestos KW - Health KW - Exposure KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+Asbestotic+Pleural+Plaques+in+Northeast+Corsica%3A+Correlations+with+Airborne+and+Pleural+Mineralogic+Analysis&rft.au=Rey%2C+F%3BBoutin%2C+C%3BViallat%2C+J+R%3BSteinbauer%2C+J%3BAlessandroni%2C+P%3BJutisz%2C+P%3BDi+Giambattista%2C+D%3BBillon-Galland%2C+M+A%3BHereng%2C+P%3BDumortier%2C+P%3BDe+Vuyst%2C+P&rft.aulast=Rey&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene activation studied by immunological methods. AN - 36347884; 201002-31-0247303 (CE); 11701644 (EN) AB - Gene activation can be studied at several levels: transcription (mRNA), translation (proteins), or phenotypical alterations (functional activity or morphology). These levels can be studied in situ or biochemically by the use of specific probes for normal or altered DNA, mRNA, or proteins. Immunological probes are potent tools for studies of alterations induced by xenobiotics in target organs. When the effects of xenobiotics are studied in whole tissue, the cellular heterogeneity of the organ must be taken into account. For this reason, combined in situ and biochemical techniques are necessary. Antibodies to normal or altered cellular constituents are used for identification, quantitation, and cellular localization of proteins and modified DNA. Many xenobiotics alter gene activation by interactions with DNA. After activation, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) forms DNA adducts, which can be identified immunologically. Combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labeling, techniques have been developed to demonstrate reduced adduct concentrations in proliferating cells and preneoplastic foci in the livers of AAF-fed rats. Carcinogen-induced DNA modifications are implicated as a major mechanism of altered gene activation in neoplasia, leading to phenotypical alterations. Also, cellular differentiation may be affected by xenobiotics. Differentiation-associated markers can be used for studies of gene activation. In mouse skin, the keratins K1 and K10 are only expressed in suprabasal, differentiating cells. BrdU pulse chase experiments combined with double immunofluorescence have revealed that K1 and K10 are sequentially turned on 18 to 24 hr after DNA synthesis and are followed by suprabasal migration. After a single application of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cell migration starts directly after mitosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Huitfeldt, H S AU - Heyden, A AU - Skarpen, E AU - Thrane, E V AU - Schwarze, P E AD - Department of Environmental Medicine, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. PY - 1994 SP - 205 EP - 207 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Activation KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Genes KW - Cellular KW - Activation analysis KW - Alterations KW - Proteins KW - Images KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Gene+activation+studied+by+immunological+methods.&rft.au=Huitfeldt%2C+H+S%3BHeyden%2C+A%3BSkarpen%2C+E%3BThrane%2C+E+V%3BSchwarze%2C+P+E&rft.aulast=Huitfeldt&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin binding of arylamines and nitroarenes: molecular dosimetry and quantitative structure-activity relationships. AN - 36343566; 201002-31-0247312 (CE); 11701653 (EN) AB - N-Oxidation and nitroreduction to yield N-hydroxyarylamines are metabolic steps that are crucial for the genotoxic properties of aromatic amines and nitroarenes, respectively. N-Hydroxyarylamines can form adducts with DNA, tissue proteins, and the blood proteins albumin and hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. The determination of hemoglobin adducts is a useful tool for biomonitoring exposed populations. We have established the hemoglobin binding index (HBI) [(mmole compound/mole Hb)/(mmole compound/kg body weight)] of several aromatic amines and nitroarenes in female Wistar rats. Incorporating values obtained by other researchers in the same rat strain, the logarithm of hemoglobin binding (log HBI) was plotted against several physicochemical parameters and against calculated electronic descriptors of nitroarenes and arylamines. Most arylamines and nitroarenes form hydrolyzable (e.g., sulfinamide) adducts with hemoglobin in rats. The amount of hemoglobin binding decreases with the oxidizability of the arylamines, except for compounds that are substituted with halogens in ortho or meta position. For halogen-substituted arylamines, the amount of hemoglobin binding is directly proportional to the pKa. Hemoglobin binding of nitroarenes increases with the reducibility of the nitro group. The structure activity relationships (SAR) for hemoglobin binding of nitroarenes and arylamines are comparable. The SAR found for hemoglobin binding were compared with the SAR found in the literature for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and cytotoxicity of arylamines and nitroarenes. In general, the mutagenicity or carcinogenicity of arylamines increases with their oxidizability. This first set of data suggests that the levels of hemoglobin binding, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of arylamines are not determined by the same electronic properties of the compounds, or not by these properties alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sabbioni, G AD - Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Germany. PY - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 67 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Hemoglobin KW - Binding KW - Synthetic aperture radar KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Adducts KW - Mutagenicity KW - HBI KW - Rats KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin+binding+of+arylamines+and+nitroarenes%3A+molecular+dosimetry+and+quantitative+structure-activity+relationships.&rft.au=Sabbioni%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sabbioni&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient air pollutants in upper Silesia: partial chemical composition and biological activity. AN - 36342517; 201002-31-0247286 (CE); 11701627 (EN) AB - The air monitoring system in Upper Silesia has provided abundant data on airborne pollutants. Air quality in this region is bad: a concentration of several gases, volatile compounds, metals, and complex mixtures of organic compounds carried by small particulate matter exceeds both daily and yearly admissible levels. About 250 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonds (PAHs) were identified in airborne pollutants, and hundreds of not identified compounds are seen on gas chromatographic profiles as minor peaks. Among PAHs are present compounds with known carcinogenic potency for humans. Seasonal variation with distinctly lower concentration of pollutants in summer than in winter was noticed. Fifteen PAHs including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) determined by GC-MS method in 20 measuring points showed constant relative proportions. Thus B[a]P could be used as a representative compound for other PAHs. In urban areas, a core of Silesia values for B[a]P concentration ranged from 60 to 90 ng/m3 in winter to 5 to 20 micrograms/m in summer. Mutagenicity tested on Salmonella strains showed seasonal variation with distinctly higher values in winter. Environmentally exposed humans showed a higher level of PAH-DNA adducts in WBC than the control population from rural area. Total organic extract of small particulate matter exhibited both direct and indirect mutagenic activity, induced formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of BALB/c mice, induced chromosomal rearrangements, and increased sister chromatid exchange index. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chorazy, M AU - Szeliga, J AU - Strozyk, M AU - Cimander, B AD - Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland. PY - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Polyallylamine hydrochloride KW - Pollutants KW - Winter KW - Summer KW - Human KW - Seasonal variations KW - Rural areas KW - Urban areas KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ambient+air+pollutants+in+upper+Silesia%3A+partial+chemical+composition+and+biological+activity.&rft.au=Chorazy%2C+M%3BSzeliga%2C+J%3BStrozyk%2C+M%3BCimander%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chorazy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphism of human acetyltransferases. AN - 36339910; 201002-31-0247311 (CE); 11701652 (EN) AB - Acetylation by arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) is a major route in the metabolism of numerous drugs and carcinogens. Recent studies suggest that the same enzymes also catalyze N,O-transacetylation and O-acetylation. A genetic polymorphism of clinical relevance divides the human population into slow and rapid acetylators of arylamines. Two human NATs, NAT1 and NAT2, have recently been characterized by protein purification, cloning, and functional expression of the respective genes; both were localized to chromosome 8. NAT1 codes for a protein with ubiquitous tissue distribution and a high affinity for p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminosalicylic acid, so-called monomorphic substrates. NAT2 codes for a protein predominantly expressed in liver with a high affinity for sulfamethazine and other polymorphically metabolized drugs. NAT2 was analyzed at the level of protein, RNA and DNA derived from phenotyped slow and rapid acetylators. Two common (M1, M2) and one rare (M3) mutant allele were identified and their mutations characterized. A simple polymerase chain reaction-based DNA test can identify > 95% of mutant alleles and predict the phenotype. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Meyer, U A AD - Biocenter of the University of Basel, Switzerland. PY - 1994 SP - 213 EP - 216 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Proteins KW - Human KW - Drugs KW - Affinity KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Polymorphism KW - Enzymes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36339910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polymorphism+of+human+acetyltransferases.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+U+A&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phagosomal pH and glass fiber dissolution in cultured nasal epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages: a preliminary study. AN - 36339562; 201002-31-0247293 (CE); 11701634 (EN) AB - The dissolution rate of glass fibers has been shown to be pH sensitive using in vitro lung fluid simulant models. The current study investigated whether there is a difference in phagosomal pH (ppH) between rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and rat nasal epithelial cells (RNEC) and whether such a difference would influence the dissolution of glass fibers. The ppH was measured in cultured AM and RNEC using flow cytometric, fluorescence-emission rationing techniques with fluorescein-labeled, amorphous silica particles. Glass fiber dissolution was determined in AM and RNEC cultured for 3 weeks with fast dissolving glass fibers (GF-A) or slow dissolving ones (GF-B). The mean diameters of GF-A were 2.7 microns and of GF-B, 2.6 microns, the average length of both fibers was approximately 22 to 25 microns. Dissolution was monitored by measuring the length and diameter of intracellular fibers and estimating the volume, assuming a cylindrical morphology. The ppH of AM was 5.2 to 5.8, and the ppH of RNEC was 7.0 to 7.5. The GF-A dissolved more slowly in RNEC than in AM, and no dissolution was evident in either cell type with GF-B. The volume loss with GF-A after a 3-week culture with AM was 66% compared to 45% for cultured RNEC. These results are different from those obtained using in vitro lung fluid-simulant models where dissolution is faster at higher pH. This difference suggests that dissolution rates of glass fibers in AM should not be applied to the dissolution of fibers in epithelial cells. Images Figure 1. a Figure 1. b Figure 2. a Figure 2. b Figure 3. a Figure 3. b JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Johnson, N F AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico. PY - 1994 SP - 97 EP - 102 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Dissolution KW - Glass fibers KW - pH KW - Fibers KW - Macrophages KW - In vitro testing KW - Images KW - Lungs KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36339562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Phagosomal+pH+and+glass+fiber+dissolution+in+cultured+nasal+epithelial+cells+and+alveolar+macrophages%3A+a+preliminary+study.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles. AN - 36338865; 201002-31-0247285 (CE); 11701626 (EN) AB - Between 1979 and 1985, an international technical focus was placed upon potential human health effects associated with exposure to diesel emissions. A substantial data base was developed on the composition of diesel emissions; the fate of these emissions in the atmosphere; and the effects of whole particles and their chemical constituents on microorganisms, cells, and animals. Since that time, a number of significant developments have been made in diesel engine technology that require a new look at the future acceptability of introducing significant numbers of light-duty diesel automobiles into the European and American markets. Significant engineering improvements have been made in engine design, catalysts, and traps. As a result, particle emissions and particle associated organic emissions have been reduced by about 10 and 30 times, respectively, during the past 10 years. Research studies to help assess the environmental acceptability of these fuel-efficient engines include the development of an emissions data base for current and advanced diesel engines, the effect of diesel emissions on urban ozone formation and atmospheric particle concentrations, the effect of fuel composition, e.g., lower sulfur and additives on emissions, animal inhalation toxicology studies, and fundamental molecular biology studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hammerle, R AU - Schuetzle, D AU - Adams, W AD - Ford Motor Company, Research Laboratory, Dearborn, MI 48121. PY - 1994 SP - 25 EP - 30 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Diesel KW - Automotive engines KW - Diesel engines KW - Databases KW - Emission analysis KW - Diesel fuels KW - Acceptability KW - Automotive engineering KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+perspective+on+the+potential+development+of+environmentally+acceptable+light-duty+diesel+vehicles.&rft.au=Hammerle%2C+R%3BSchuetzle%2C+D%3BAdams%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hammerle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of particle size and chemical composition on efficiency of clearance mechanisms: electron microscopy studies on humans. AN - 36338194; 201002-31-0247288 (CE); 11701629 (EN) AB - This article compares the presence of solid particles in lung parenchyma samples collected from accident victims and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from patients diagnosed with pulmonary carcinoma. Analysis by electron microscopy showed differences in particle size between the two groups, which could be attributable both to differences in original particle size and to their solubility in the biological environment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Falchi, M AU - Donelli, G AU - Paoletti, L AD - Department of Ultrastructures, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. PY - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 243 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Particle size KW - Electron microscopy KW - Solubility KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Human KW - Fluid flow KW - Fluids KW - Bronchoalveolar lavage KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Influence+of+particle+size+and+chemical+composition+on+efficiency+of+clearance+mechanisms%3A+electron+microscopy+studies+on+humans.&rft.au=Falchi%2C+M%3BDonelli%2C+G%3BPaoletti%2C+L&rft.aulast=Falchi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glass fiber manufacturing and fiber safety: the producer's perspective. AN - 36335642; 201002-31-0247289 (CE); 11701630 (EN) AB - Historically, the potential health effects of airborne fibers have been associated with the dose, dimension, and durability. Increasing focus is being placed on the latter category. Concern about airborne fiber safety could be reduced by manufacturing fibers that are not respirable; however, due to performance and manufacturing constraints on glasswool insulations, this is not possible today. These products are an important part of today's economy and as a major manufacturer, Owens-Corning is committed to producing and marketing materials that are both safe and effective in their intended use. To this end, manufacturing technology seeks to produce materials that generate low concentrations of airborne fibers, thus minimizing exposure and irritation. The range of fiber diameters is controlled to assure effective product performance and, as far as possible, to minimize respirability. Glass compositions are designed to allow effective fiber forming and ultimate product function. Fiber dissolution is primarily a function of composition; this too, can be controlled within certain constraints. Coupled with these broad parameters is an extensive product stewardship program to assure the safety of these materials. This article will discuss the factors that influence glasswool insulation production, use, and safety. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bender, J R AU - Hadley, J G AD - Owens-Corning, Toledo, Ohio 43659. PY - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 40 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fibers KW - Safety KW - Insulation KW - Health KW - Irritation KW - Economics KW - Categories KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Glass+fiber+manufacturing+and+fiber+safety%3A+the+producer%27s+perspective.&rft.au=Bender%2C+J+R%3BHadley%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolution of man-made vitreous fibers in rat alveolar macrophage culture and Gamble's saline solution: influence of different media and chemical composition of the fibers. AN - 36335085; 201002-31-0247291 (CE); 11701632 (EN) AB - The effect of different chemical compositions of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) on their dissolution by alveolar macrophages (AM) in culture and in Gamble's solution was studied. The fibers were exposed to cultured rat AMs, culture medium alone; or Gamble's saline solution for 2, 4, or 8 days. The dissolution of the fibers was studied by measuring the amount of silicon (Si), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) in each medium. The AMs in culture dissolved Fe and Al from the fibers but the dissolution of Si was more marked in the cell culture medium without cells and in the Gamble's solution. The dissolution of Si, Fe, and Al was different for different fibers, and increased as a function of time. The Fe and Al content of the fibers correlated negatively with the dissolution of Si by AMs from the MMVF, i.e., when the content of Fe and Al of the fibers increased the dissolution of Si decreased. These results suggest that the chemical composition of MMVFs has a marked effect on their dissolution. AMs seem to affect the dissolution of Fe and Al from the fibers. This suggests that in vitro models with cells in the media rather than only culture media or saline solutions would be preferable in dissolution studies of MMVFs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Luoto, K AU - Holopainen, M AU - Karppinen, K AU - Perander, M AU - Savolainen, K AD - National Public Health Institute, Division of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland. PY - 1994 SP - 103 EP - 107 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Dissolution KW - Fibers KW - Aluminum KW - Iron KW - Culture KW - Silicon KW - Saline solutions KW - Mathematical models KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dissolution+of+man-made+vitreous+fibers+in+rat+alveolar+macrophage+culture+and+Gamble%27s+saline+solution%3A+influence+of+different+media+and+chemical+composition+of+the+fibers.&rft.au=Luoto%2C+K%3BHolopainen%2C+M%3BKarppinen%2C+K%3BPerander%2C+M%3BSavolainen%2C+K&rft.aulast=Luoto&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of mutation spectra by complex mixtures: approaches, problems, and possibilities. AN - 36333060; 201002-31-0247287 (CE); 11701628 (EN) AB - More complex environmental mixtures have been evaluated for mutagenic activity at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella, primarily in strain TA98, than in any other target or mutation assay. Using colony probe hybridization to detect a common hot spot deletion, followed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing, we have generated 10 mutation spectra from three classes of mixtures (i.e., urban air, cigarette smoke condensate, and municipal waste incinerator emissions). The mutation spectra are distinctly different among the three classes of mixtures; however, the spectra for samples within the same class of mixture are similar. In addition to the hot spot mutation, the mixtures induce complex mutations, which consist of a small deletion and a base substitution. These mutations suggest a mechanism involving misinsertion of a base opposite a DNA adduct followed by a slippage and mismatch. A role for DNA secondary structure also may be the basis for the mutational site specificity exhibited by the various mixtures. The results suggest that unique mutation spectra can be generated by different classes of complex mixtures and that such spectra are a consequence of the dominance of a particular chemical class or classes within the mixture. The problems associated with this type of research are discussed along with the potential value of mutation spectra as a tool for exposure and risk assessment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. PY - 1994 SP - 127 EP - 130 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutations KW - Spectra KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Deletion KW - Hot spots KW - Tools KW - Incinerators KW - Smoke KW - Article KW - EE 60:Waste Management (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36333060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Induction+of+mutation+spectra+by+complex+mixtures%3A+approaches%2C+problems%2C+and+possibilities.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytosolic activation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Inhibition by dicoumarol and enhancement in viral hepatitis B. AN - 36332261; 201002-31-0247302 (CE); 11701643 (EN) AB - The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene (2AF), 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene, and the heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, and 3-amino-1-methyl-SH-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) were activated by rat liver cytosolic fractions to form mutagenic metabolites in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA98NR, and TA98/1,8-DNP6. In the case of the Trp-P-2, the cytosolic activation was even more potent than the microsomal activation, which is classically ascribed to N-hydroxylation and subsequent esterification. The cytosolic activation was a) NADPH-dependent, b) induced by pretreatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene and especially Aroclor 1254 but not by phenobarbital, and c) inhibited by dicoumarol. The hypothesis is that, following a preliminary oxidative step in the cytosol (pure cytosolic activation) or in microsomes via prostaglandin H synthase (mixed microsomal-cytosolic activation), an oxidized intermediate of amino compounds may serve as substrate for DT diaphorase activity and bielectronically reduced to the corresponding N-hydroxyamino derivative. Purified DT diaphorase, in the presence of either NADPH or NADH as electron donor, produced mutagenic derivatives from IQ and Trp-P-2. An NADPH-dependent activation of Trp-P-2 also occurred in the liver cytosol of woodchucks (Marmota monax), but was not inhibited by dicoumarol. As previously demonstrated with liver S-12 fractions in both humans and woodchucks, the cytosolic activation of Trp-P-2 was enhanced in animals affected by hepatitis B virus infection. This enhanced metabolism, which persisted even after appearance of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in virus carriers, is likely to be ascribed to mechanisms other than DT diaphorase induction, such as glutathione depletion. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - De Flora, S AU - Bennicelli, C AU - D'Agostini, F AU - Izzotti, A AU - Camoirano, A AD - Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy. PY - 1994 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Activation KW - Liver KW - Derivatives KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - NADH KW - Depletion KW - Metabolites KW - Glutathione KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cytosolic+activation+of+aromatic+and+heterocyclic+amines.+Inhibition+by+dicoumarol+and+enhancement+in+viral+hepatitis+B.&rft.au=De+Flora%2C+S%3BBennicelli%2C+C%3BD%27Agostini%2C+F%3BIzzotti%2C+A%3BCamoirano%2C+A&rft.aulast=De+Flora&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenic activity of heterocyclic amines in cooked foods. AN - 36329603; 201002-31-0247301 (CE); 11701642 (EN) AB - Mutagenic heterocyclic amines are generated in foods when they are cooked at temperatures over 150 degrees C. These compounds are present from 0.1 to 50 ppb, depending on the food and cooking conditions. These heterocyclic amines are not only present in cooked red meat, fish, and chicken, but are also present at lower levels in baked and fried foods derived from grain. Mutagenicity of fried beef hamburgers cooked at 230 degrees C is 800 +/- 37 TA98 revertants per gram cooked weight. We measured 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MelQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMelQx), and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) formation at this temperature and found 3.0 +/- 2.0, 1.0 +/- 0.18, and 0.06 +/- 0.03 ng/g, respectively. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidaz[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was found at a higher concentration of 9.6 ng/g. In our laboratory we have shown these heterocyclic amines are capable of producing both reverse and forward mutations in Salmonella bacteria and forward mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). We have also been able to show a statistically significant increase in mutations in the pancreas of the "mutamouse" following PhIP exposure. The pancreas also shows relatively high DNA binding compared to other organs in the mouse. The number and type of mutations depend on the repair capacity of the cells for both Salmonella and CHO. In Salmonella the mutations are primarily 2-base deletions when the cells lack uvrB repair, but mutations are more complex (larger deletions and insertions) but lower in frequency when repair is functional.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Felton, J S AU - Knize, M G AU - Dolbeare, F A AU - Wu, R AD - Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California. PY - 1994 SP - 201 EP - 204 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Heating KW - Mutations KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - Foods KW - Bacteria KW - Salmonella KW - Repair KW - Pancreas KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mutagenic+activity+of+heterocyclic+amines+in+cooked+foods.&rft.au=Felton%2C+J+S%3BKnize%2C+M+G%3BDolbeare%2C+F+A%3BWu%2C+R&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung content analysis of cases occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos. AN - 36327777; 201002-31-0247292 (CE); 11701633 (EN) AB - The lung contents of six workers who had been occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos were examined. Five were lung cancer cases from Quebec, Canada. The sixth, an American worker who had developed pleural mesothelioma, was particularly interesting, with the lung content strikingly distinct from the Canadian cases; chrysotile, the predominant fiber in his lung, was present at a concentration 300 times that of the average total fiber content in the Canadian cases. The fiber length distribution of the chrysotile recovered from the U.S. mesothelioma case was indistinguishable from that of chrysotile specimens known to produce mesotheliomas in rats. It was also found that the characteristics of the calcium-magnesium-iron silicate fibers present in all six cases were not readily comparable to tremolite asbestos specimens known to induce mesotheliomas in animals. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C Figure 1. D Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 2. C Figure 2. D JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nolan, R P AU - Langer, A M AU - Addison, J AD - Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Brooklyn College, New York. PY - 1994 SP - 245 EP - 250 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lungs KW - Chrysotile KW - Mesothelioma KW - Fibers KW - Asbestos KW - Tremolite KW - Exposure KW - Images KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36327777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lung+content+analysis+of+cases+occupationally+exposed+to+chrysotile+asbestos.&rft.au=Nolan%2C+R+P%3BLanger%2C+A+M%3BAddison%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical analysis and biological testing of a polar fraction of ambient air, diesel engine, and gasoline engine particulate extracts. AN - 36322972; 201002-31-0247284 (CE); 11701625 (EN) AB - Extracts of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust and ambient air particles were fractionated into five fractions according to polarity on a silica gel column. Two medium polar fractions showing high genotoxic activity in the Ames test were further subfractionated, using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemical analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and flame ionization and detection. The crude extracts, fractions, and subfractions were assayed with the Ames test, with and without S9, and the most abundant compounds in the subfractions are reported. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Strandell, M AU - Zakrisson, S AU - Alsberg, T AU - Westerholm, R AU - Winquist, L AU - Rannug, U AD - Laboratory for Analytical Environmental Chemistry, University of Stockholm, Solna, Sweden. PY - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 92 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Chemical analysis KW - Ames test KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Diesel KW - Biological KW - Diesel fuels KW - Polarity KW - Gasoline engines KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+analysis+and+biological+testing+of+a+polar+fraction+of+ambient+air%2C+diesel+engine%2C+and+gasoline+engine+particulate+extracts.&rft.au=Strandell%2C+M%3BZakrisson%2C+S%3BAlsberg%2C+T%3BWesterholm%2C+R%3BWinquist%2C+L%3BRannug%2C+U&rft.aulast=Strandell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chrysotile biopersistence in the lungs of persons in the general population and exposed workers. AN - 36321571; 201002-31-0247300 (CE); 11701641 (EN) AB - Lung burden analysis was performed on 126 autopsy cases of persons who died in New York City from 1966 through 1968. Of the 126 cases, 107 were probably non-occupationally exposed, judging by occupational history and asbestos body content of lung. Fifty-three of the 107 cases contained short chrysotile fibers/fibrils, & 5 microns in length, present in 3-fold greater amounts than were found in laboratory background controls. The fiber concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 15.7 x 10(6) f/gm/dry lung tissue, and the proportion of fibers > or = 5 microns in length was only 0.34% of the total chrysotile population found. Other inorganic particles present included fragments of amphiboles. In contrast to these data, the lung parenchyma of persons occupationally exposed to asbestos commonly showed the presence of other fiber types, especially amosite and crocidolite, at very much higher concentrations and greater fiber length. Any chrysotile present would usually be in fiber bundle form, with both fibers and fibrils > 5 microns in length. Comparison of the lung fiber content of occupationally exposed persons with that of the general population showed marked qualitative and quantitative differences. Fibers are durable, and are retained in a range of concentrations. Their length and dose, among other factors, which control their biological potential are different in the two populations; the risk factors for chrysotile-induced disease are not the same. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Langer, A M AU - Nolan, R P AD - Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Applied Sciences Institute of Brooklyn College, New York 11210. PY - 1994 SP - 235 EP - 239 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fibers KW - Lungs KW - Chrysotile KW - Exposure KW - Images KW - Asbestos KW - Control equipment KW - Bundling KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chrysotile+biopersistence+in+the+lungs+of+persons+in+the+general+population+and+exposed+workers.&rft.au=Langer%2C+A+M%3BNolan%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clearance of inhaled ceramic fibers from rat lungs. AN - 36321464; 201002-31-0247297 (CE); 11701638 (EN) AB - Deposition, clearance, retention, and durability of inhaled particles in lung are important factors for induction of pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer. To study the deposition and clearance of aluminium silicate ceramic fibers from the lung, male Wistar rats were exposed to ceramic fibers, with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.7 microns, for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The average exposure concentration was 27.2 mg/m3 (SD 9.0). The rats were killed at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the end of exposure, and the fiber numbers and dimensions were measured with a scanning electron microscope. No significant difference in length of residual ceramic fibers in the lungs was found among the groups. The geometric mean diameter and number of ceramic fibers, however, decreased according to the clearance period. These findings suggest that the fibers were dissolved at their surface. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamato, H AU - Tanaka, I AU - Higashi, T AU - Kido, M AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 169 EP - 171 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lungs KW - Ceramic fibers KW - Clearances KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Deposition KW - Fibers KW - Rats KW - Durability KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Clearance+of+inhaled+ceramic+fibers+from+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Yamato%2C+H%3BTanaka%2C+I%3BHigashi%2C+T%3BKido%2C+M&rft.aulast=Yamato&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical behavior of aluminum and phosphorus during dissolution of glass fibers in physiological saline solutions. AN - 36319178; 201002-B.4-0024014 (AI); 201002-31-0247290 (CE); 11701631 (EN) AB - The dissolution of textile glass fibers of four different compositions has been investigated at 37 degrees C. In these glasses, which are isolation type, the P2O5 contents scatter between 0 and 2 wt% and Al2O3 from 0.12 to 3.4 wt%. Both static (30-mg fibers; 250-ml solution) and dynamic (50-mg fibers; 40 ml/day flow rate) conditions with or without bubbling of a gas mixture (95:5, N2-CO2) have been used. Two physiological solutions, one proposed by Kanapilly and the other by Scholtze, were used. After each run (1, 3, 7, 14, and sometimes 30, 62 days) the solutions were analyzed for B and Si by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the weight losses were determined, and the residual solid were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Static runs give a better agreement between measured and calculated weight losses from solution analyses than dynamic experiments. SEM examinations indicate diameter reduction and formation of a hydrated Si-rich layer. Sometimes hollow tubes, suggesting the detachment of these layers, are observed. XPS and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicate the formation of a veneer of calcium phosphate for the most rapidly dissolving glass. In other cases an Al increase is observed at the solid solution interface. Whatever experimental conditions are used, the relative dissolution rates of the four glasses are identical. The kinetics may be modeled with variable dissolution rates from initial high values to final low ones. The latter reflect the very low solubility of the residual product. Images Figure 2. a Figure 2. b Figure 7. a Figure 7. b JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Baillif, P AU - Touray, J C AD - URA du CNRS et GDR, ESEM, Universite d'Orleans, France. PY - 1994 SP - 77 EP - 81 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Aluminium Industry (AI); Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Dissolution KW - Mathematical models KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Glass KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Weight loss KW - Aluminum KW - Images KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36319178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemical+behavior+of+aluminum+and+phosphorus+during+dissolution+of+glass+fibers+in+physiological+saline+solutions.&rft.au=Baillif%2C+P%3BTouray%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Baillif&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biopersistence of man-made vitreous silicate fibers in the human lung. AN - 36317587; 201002-31-0247294 (CE); 11701635 (EN) AB - There is now a substantial body of experimental data on the pulmonary biopersistence of man-made vitreous silicate fibers (MMVSF), but human data are seriously lacking. Our knowledge in this field is essentially limited to a few reports of measurements of fibers retained in lung tissue samples taken at autopsy from workers manufacturing these products. Three types of exposure were studied: fibrous glass, mineral wool, and refractory ceramic fibers. Overall, the available data do not provide evidence for substantial long-term retention of fibers in the human lung after occupational exposure to MMVSF dusts. A word of caution, however; the amount of data supporting the previous statement is much greater for fibrous glass than for either mineral wool or refractory ceramic fibers. There is no human data on the key question of the kinetics of pulmonary clearance of inhaled MMVSF. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sebastien, P AD - Institute de Recherche en Sante et en Securite du Travail du Quebec, Montreal, Canada. PY - 1994 SP - 225 EP - 228 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Human KW - Fibers KW - Lungs KW - Silicates KW - Ceramic fibers KW - Refractories KW - Glass KW - Mineral wool KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36317587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biopersistence+of+man-made+vitreous+silicate+fibers+in+the+human+lung.&rft.au=Sebastien%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sebastien&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biopersistence of inhaled organic and inorganic fibers in the lungs of rats. AN - 36317405; 201002-31-0247299 (CE); 11701640 (EN) AB - Fiber dimension and durability are recognized as important features in influencing the development of pulmonary carcinogenic and fibrogenic effects. Using a short-term inhalation bioassay, we have studied pulmonary deposition and clearance patterns and evaluated and compared the pulmonary toxicity of two previously tested reference materials, an inhaled organic fiber, Kevlar para-aramid fibrils, and an inorganic fiber, wollastonite. Rats were exposed for 5 days to aerosols of Kevlar fibrils (900-1344 f/cc; 9-11 mg/m3) or wollastonite fibers (800 f/cc; 115 mg/m3). The lungs of exposed rats were digested to quantify dose, fiber dimensional changes over time, and clearance kinetics. The results showed that inhaled wollastonite fibers were cleared rapidly with a retention half-time of & 1 week. Mean fiber lengths decreased from 11 microns to 6 microns over a 1-month period, and fiber diameters increased from 0.5 micron to 1.0 micron in the same time. Fiber clearance studies with Kevlar showed a transient increase in the numbers of retained fibrils at 1 week postexposure, with rapid clearance of fibers thereafter, and retention half-time of 30 days. A progressive decrease in the mean lengths from 12.5 microns to 7.5 microns and mean diameters from 0.33 micron to 0.23 micron was recorded 6 months after exposure to inhaled Kevlar fibrils. The percentages of fibers > 15 microns in length decreased from 30% immediately after exposure to 5% after 6 months; the percentages of fibers in the 4 to 7 microns range increased from 25 to 55% in the same period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 4. A Figure 4. B Figure 6. A Figure 6. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Warheit, D B AU - Hartsky, M A AU - McHugh, T A AU - Kellar, K A AD - Central Research and Development, Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Newark, Delaware 19714. PY - 1994 SP - 151 EP - 157 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fibers KW - Kevlar KW - Clearances KW - Aramid fibers KW - Wollastonite KW - Rats KW - Images KW - Lungs KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36317405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biopersistence+of+inhaled+organic+and+inorganic+fibers+in+the+lungs+of+rats.&rft.au=Warheit%2C+D+B%3BHartsky%2C+M+A%3BMcHugh%2C+T+A%3BKellar%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Warheit&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of plasmid and bacteriophage DNA by aromatic amines: effects on survival, template activity, and mutagenicity. AN - 36317093; 201002-31-0247309 (CE); 11701650 (EN) AB - The carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of the aromatic amines are believed to depend on their covalent modification of DNA, primarily through the formation of adducts at C8 of guanine. The actual biologic and biochemical responses to these adducts can be envisioned as the consequence of the abilities of the cell to repair the lesions, with or without fidelity, and the introduction of errors through bypass of the adducts by polymerases. A key question is whether changes in DNA sequence arise through the participation of common repair processes that cause mutations independent of adduct structure. Alternatively, do mutations arise through miscoding during polymerase bypass at the site of the adducts and are, therefore, more likely to produce sequence changes that are more characteristic of adduct structure? This question has been approached using single, site-specific, or randomly introduced aromatic amine DNA adducts in bacterial cells, and in vitro studies with DNA polymerases that employ site-specifically modified templates. The results of both approaches demonstrate that these adducts are distinguished readily by virtue of their structures, thus supporting the conclusion that mutagenic effects of the aromatic amines arise from their structures rather than from their triggering a common inaccurate repair response. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - King, C M AU - Lee, M S AU - Jones, R F AU - Tamura, N AD - Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit 48201. PY - 1994 SP - 217 EP - 220 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Adducts KW - Bacteria KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Amines KW - Repair KW - Images KW - Bypasses KW - Mutations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36317093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Modification+of+plasmid+and+bacteriophage+DNA+by+aromatic+amines%3A+effects+on+survival%2C+template+activity%2C+and+mutagenicity.&rft.au=King%2C+C+M%3BLee%2C+M+S%3BJones%2C+R+F%3BTamura%2C+N&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in sliced raw potatoes under vacuum with and without sulfite AN - 16088971; 4112014 AB - The ability of Clostridium botulinum type A or B spores to grow and produce toxin in fresh raw potatoes under vacuum with or without sulfite at 22 degree C was investigated. Fresh, peeled, sliced potatoes, untreated or dipped for 2 min in sulfite (NaHSO sub(3)) and drained, were surface-inoculated at several levels with a mixture of C. botulinum spores, either type A or B, and placed in oxygenimpermeable bags (200 g/bag) that were then vacuum-sealed and incubated at room temperature (22 degree C). Toxicity was tested on days 0, 3, 4, 5 and 6. After incubation, the potatoes were blended and centrifuged, and the millipore-filtered supernatant fluid was injected intraperitoneally into mice. Sensory evaluation, except taste, was also performed. Potatoes inoculated with C. botulinum type A spores, but untreated with NaHSO sub(3) became toxic in 3 days, which coincided with the sensory evaluation, "Unfit for human consumption." However, despite inoculum size or residual SO sub(2) levels, potatoes treated with NaHSO sub(3) appeared acceptable for human consumption through day 6, even though they were toxic after 4 days of incubation. Toxicity from type B spores occurred later and in fewer test samples than type A. Again, the potatoes appeared acceptable but were toxic. Thus, although NaHSO sub(3) markedly extended the consumer acceptability of peeled, sliced, raw potatoes at the abuse temperature, it did not inhibit outgrowth and toxin production by C. botulinum under these same conditions. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Solomon, H M AU - Rhodehamel, E J AU - Kautter, DA AD - Division of Microbiological Studies Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 878 EP - 881 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - sulfites KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - toxins KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - vacuum KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16088971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth+and+toxin+production+by+Clostridium+botulinum+in+sliced+raw+potatoes+under+vacuum+with+and+without+sulfite&rft.au=Solomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J%3BKautter%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=878&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Solanum tuberosum; toxins; vacuum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of three biocides on Latin American and Gulf Coast strains of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 AN - 16035392; 4088612 AB - The survivability of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 aboard cargo ships in ballast water taken from cholera-contaminated waterways may be enhanced by its attachment to particles. This study examined the effects of three biocides on attached and suspended cells of toxigenic V. cholerae isolate "J" (ballast water isolate) recovered from ballast water; strain C6707 (Latin American epidemic strain) involved in the Latin American epidemic and strain VRL 1984 (the toxigenic strain endemic to the Gulf Coast). Chitin was the substrate used for attachment. Attached cells of isolate "J" were reduced by 4 logs and those of strains C6707 and VRL 1984 were reduced by 3 logs after exposure to 100 ppm Povidone-iodine for 20 min. Attached isolate "J" cells were reduced by 5 logs, and attached C6707 cells were reduced to <1 CFU/ml (6 log decrease) after exposure to 800 ppm chlorine after 20 min. Although numbers of VRL 1984 were reduced to <1 CFU/ml after exposure to 800 ppm chlorine for 5 min, counts rose to 10 super(1) CFU/ml in 20 min. Numbers of isolate "J" were reduced to <1 CFU/ml and those of C6707 were reduced by 6 logs after exposure to 200 ppm Roccal II (QAC) for 10 min. No VRL 1984 cells were recovered after 5 min exposure to 400 ppm and 20 min exposure to 200 ppm QAC. Suspended cells were reduced to <1 CFU/ml after exposure to 25 ppm iodine, 100 ppm chlorine or 50 ppm QAC for 2 min; however, intact nonculturable cells were detected by polymerase chain reaction in iodine-treated suspensions. Latin American and Gulf Coast strains were equally susceptible to disinfection. (DBO) JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - McCarthy, SA AU - Miller, AL AD - Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - Oct 1994 SP - 865 EP - 869 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - biocides KW - USA, Gulf coast KW - antibacterial activity KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16035392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+three+biocides+on+Latin+American+and+Gulf+Coast+strains+of+toxigenic+Vibrio+cholerae+O1&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+SA%3BMiller%2C+AL&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; USA, Gulf coast; biocides; antibacterial activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts. AN - 76750990; 7923108 AB - Genetic risk factor(s) for skin cancers have been described in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). The tumor suppressor gene, p53, is one of the most frequently mutated genes found in human tumors. To evaluate the role of XP-related genetic defects in the p53 gene, skin fibroblast cell lines derived from XP donors were analysed for mutations in exons 5-9 (the regions of gene highly susceptible for mutations) by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and nucleotide sequencing. Of the five XP-derived fibroblasts (complementation group A) and two control fibroblast cell lines, only one XP cell line showed an aberrant SSCP banding pattern in the region of the p53 gene (comprising the 7th exon and neighbouring intronic sequences). Nucleotide sequencing of this region confirmed a mutation in the 7th intron adjacent to the 7th exon, which did not affect the RNA splice site. These results suggest that constitutional/germ-line mutations in the p53 gene may not play a role in the occurrence of skin carcinomas in XP patients. JF - Cancer letters AU - Lavu, S AU - Srivastava, M AU - Srivastava, S K AD - Cosmetics Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994/09/30/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 30 SP - 9 EP - 12 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - p53 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - DNA Damage KW - Exons KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Skin -- pathology KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational KW - Skin Neoplasms -- genetics KW - DNA Repair -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation KW - Cell Line KW - Xeroderma Pigmentosum -- pathology KW - Genes, p53 KW - Fibroblasts -- chemistry KW - Xeroderma Pigmentosum -- genetics KW - Skin Diseases -- genetics KW - Fibroblasts -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76750990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+tumor+suppressor+gene+p53+in+xeroderma+pigmentosum+fibroblasts.&rft.au=Lavu%2C+S%3BSrivastava%2C+M%3BSrivastava%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Lavu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-09-30&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - p53 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low environmental temperatures or pharmacologic agents that produce hypothermia decrease methamphetamine neurotoxicity in mice. AN - 77699489; 7530580 AB - Recently we have reported that methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity in rats depends on the environmental temperature. Here, we evaluate whether a cold environment (4 degrees C) or drugs which chloride and glutamate ion channel function block METH neurotoxicity in mice. Adult male CD mice received METH i.p. (4 x 10 mg/kg METH at 23 degrees C along with saline. 2.5 mg/kg (+)-MK-801, 40 mg/kg phenobarbital or 2.5 mg/kg diazepam and either 4 x 10 or 4 x 20 mg/kg METH at 4 degrees C). Multiple injections of METH (4 x 10 mg/kg i.p.) at room temperature (23 degrees C) produced a significant depletion of dopamine (DA) in striatum at 24, 72 h, 1 and 2 weeks. Three days post 4 x 10 mg/kg METH at 23 degrees C, an 80% decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) occurred while the same dose at 4 degrees C produced only a 20% DA decrease, and 4 x 20 mg/kg METH at 4 degrees C produced a 54% DA decrease. At 23 degrees C (+)MK-801 completely blocked while phenobarbital (40% decrease) and diazepam (65% decrease) partially blocked decreases in striatal DA produced by 4 x 10 mg/kg METH. Decreases in DOPAC and HVA were similar to the decreases in DA after METH and antagonists. Multiple injections of METH (4 x 10 mg/kg, i.p.) at room temperature also produced a significant depletion of serotonin (5-HT) in striatum at 24, 72 h, 1 and 2 weeks. This depletion of 5-HT at room temperature was blocked either by changing the environmental temperature to 4 degrees C, or by pretreatment with MK-801, diazepam and phenobarbital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Brain research AU - Ali, S F AU - Newport, G D AU - Holson, R R AU - Slikker, W AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/09/26/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 26 SP - 33 EP - 38 VL - 658 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Chloride Channels KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Chloride Channels -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- physiology KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Cold Temperature KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77699489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Low+environmental+temperatures+or+pharmacologic+agents+that+produce+hypothermia+decrease+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity+in+mice.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-09-26&rft.volume=658&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of human and rat glutathione S-transferases on the covalent DNA binding of the N-acetoxy derivatives of heterocyclic amine carcinogens in vitro: a possible mechanism of organ specificity in their carcinogenesis. AN - 76672071; 8069858 AB - The effects of glutathione (GSH) and of purified human and rat GSH S-transferases (GSTs) on the covalent DNA binding of 3 putative ultimate food-borne carcinogens, the N-acetoxy derivatives of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ), and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline (MeIQx), were studied in vitro. GSH (5 mM) alone slightly inhibited (10%) the DNA binding of N-acetoxy-PhIP (100 microM) at pH 7.5, but the binding could be strongly inhibited in the presence of both GSH and GSTs. Among human GSTs, the isozyme A1-1 (alpha-class) was most effective (90% inhibition) followed by A1-2 (40% inhibition); the effect of adding A2-2 was negligible, suggesting that the activity exists in subunit A1. In addition, human GST P1-1 (pi-class) also had some inhibitory effect (30%). Among the rat GSTs tested, GST 1-2 and GST 12-12 (theta-class), which are the equivalent of human A1-2 and T2-2, respectively, were able to inhibit DNA binding of N-acetoxy-PhIP (75 and 40%, respectively). This activity toward N-acetoxy-PhIP was dependent on enzyme concentration and was subject to inactivation by triethyltin bromide, a known GST inhibitor. In contrast, the binding of N-acetoxy-IQ or N-acetoxy-MeIQx to DNA was unaffected by addition of the human or rat GSTs; however, GSH alone significantly inhibited (40%) their binding to DNA. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of incubation mixtures containing N-acetoxy-PhIP, GSH, and GST A1-1 failed to detect GSH conjugates of PhIP. Only oxidized glutathione and the parent amine, PhIP, were detected as reaction products, suggesting a redox mechanism. GST activity in human hepatic and colon mucosal cytosols was subsequently examined using the synthetic or O-acetyltransferase-generated N-acetoxy derivatives of PhIP, IQ, and MeIQx as substrates. GST activity toward N-acetoxy-PhIP was expressed in all 8 livers but not in 6 colons. No activity toward N-acetoxy-IQ or N-acetoxy-MeIQx was detected in human liver cytosols. This study indicates that a GST-dependent detoxification pathway may be an important determinant for the organ specificity of the heterocyclic amine carcinogens. Moreover, the high specificity of the reaction for GST A1-1, which is known to be inducible by cruciferous and yellow-green vegetable consumption, is consistent with the protective effects of such diets against human colorectal cancer. JF - Cancer research AU - Lin, D AU - Meyer, D J AU - Ketterer, B AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/09/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 15 SP - 4920 EP - 4926 VL - 54 IS - 18 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Imidazoles KW - 0 KW - Quinolines KW - Quinoxalines KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline KW - 77500-04-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Quinolines -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- pharmacology KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Quinoxalines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76672071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+human+and+rat+glutathione+S-transferases+on+the+covalent+DNA+binding+of+the+N-acetoxy+derivatives+of+heterocyclic+amine+carcinogens+in+vitro%3A+a+possible+mechanism+of+organ+specificity+in+their+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Lin%2C+D%3BMeyer%2C+D+J%3BKetterer%2C+B%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-09-15&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation and carcinogen-DNA adduct detection in human larynx. AN - 76672002; 8069857 AB - Putative carcinogen-DNA adducts in human larynx tissues (n = 25) from smoker and non/ex-smoker patients were examined by 32P-postlabeling and compared with the metabolic activation capacity of larynx microsomes and cytosols from the same tissues. Hydrophobic DNA adducts were evident only in smokers, and chromatographic profiles of the adducts were similar using either the butanol extraction or nuclease P1 enhancement method, which suggested that the adducts may be derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but not aromatic amines. Immunoblots of larynx microsomes using anti-cytochrome P450 1A1/1A2, 2C, 3A4, 2E1, and 2A6 antibodies showed intensities ranging from 1-10% of that typically observed with human liver microsomes. Enzymatic assays of larynx microsomes showed appreciable activity for benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation (P450 1A1 and 2C) but not for 4-aminobiphenyl N-oxidation (P450 1A2), which indicated that the observed immunoreactivity was for P450 1A1; this represents the highest level of this P450 yet detected in human extrahepatic tissues. Accordingly, total DNA adduct levels in the larynx correlated strongly with levels of P450 2C, 1A1, and 3A4 but not with P450 2E1 or 2A6. Larynx cytosols also showed appreciable aromatic amine N-acetyl-transferase activity for p-aminobenzoic acid (NAT-1) but not for sulfamethazine (NAT-2); however, NAT-1 activity was not correlated with total DNA adducts, which is again consistent with the lack of aromatic amine-DNA adducts detected by 32P-postlabeling. Thus, these results suggest that the DNA adducts detected in human larynx are largely derived from metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke by P450 2C, 3A4, and/or 1A1. JF - Cancer research AU - Degawa, M AU - Stern, S J AU - Martin, M V AU - Guengerich, F P AU - Fu, P P AU - Ilett, K F AU - Kaderlik, R K AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/09/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Sep 15 SP - 4915 EP - 4919 VL - 54 IS - 18 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- analysis KW - Microsomes -- chemistry KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Mucous Membrane -- metabolism KW - Acetyltransferases -- analysis KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- chemistry KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- analysis KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76672002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+and+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+detection+in+human+larynx.&rft.au=Degawa%2C+M%3BStern%2C+S+J%3BMartin%2C+M+V%3BGuengerich%2C+F+P%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BIlett%2C+K+F%3BKaderlik%2C+R+K%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Degawa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-15&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to noise and ototoxic organic solvents. AN - 85258074; pmid-7944568 AB - The objectives of this study were to review the literature on the effects of occupational exposure to organic solvents on the auditory system and to identify work settings in which exposure to these agents and to noise might occur. The criteria for selecting the chemicals were (a) evidence available that indicated that the chemicals may affect the auditory system and enhance noise effects, and (b) the ubiquity of their use. References to ototoxicity were noted for three proven neurotoxicants, i.e., carbon disulfide, toluene, and trichloroethylene, and for two probable human neurotoxicants--styrene and xylene. The percentages of workers (estimated by NIOSH National Occupational Exposure Survey) exposed to these solvents in each economic sector are shown. Work settings are identified where multiple exposures occur to solvents and noise. The need for future research is discussed. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Morata, T C AU - Dunn, D E AU - Sieber, W K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioural Science, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio. PY - 1994 SP - 359 EP - 365 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - United States KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced KW - Human KW - Animal KW - Solvents KW - Hearing Loss, Sensorineural KW - Industry KW - Noise, Occupational UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85258074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+noise+and+ototoxic+organic+solvents.&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BDunn%2C+D+E%3BSieber%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MPTP-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity are age-dependent: evidence from measures of reactive oxygen species and striatal dopamine levels. AN - 76951224; 7825121 AB - 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes marked depletion of dopamine (DA) levels and reduction in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the nigrostriatal DA pathway. In the brain, the enzyme monoamine oxidase B converts MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) which enters DA terminals via DA uptake sites. Within the DA terminals, MPP+ blocks the mitochondrial complex I and causes ATP depletion. This is thought to be the main cause of MPTP-induced terminal degeneration. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated after blockade of the complex I as well as those generated due to DA oxidation may participate in MPTP-induced dopaminotoxicity. The present study sought to determine if a single injection of a large dose of MPTP generates ROS. We also sought to determine if these changes as well as changes in DA levels were correlated and age-dependent. Toward that end, we have used C57/B6N male mice that were 22 days or 12 months old. These animals were injected with a single dose of MPTP (40 mg/kg, ip). Animals were sacrificed at various times after drug administration. MPTP produced no significant increase in ROS nor decreases in DA or HVA concentrations in the striatum of the younger mice. However, DOPAC concentrations were significantly decreased from 15-120 min after drug administration. In the older mice, MPTP caused significant increases in ROS from the beginning to the end of the study period. DA concentrations were decreased from 60 min onward. DOPAC concentrations were decreased significantly after 15-120 min while HVA concentrations were significantly increased after 60 and 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Synapse (New York, N.Y.) AU - Ali, S F AU - David, S N AU - Newport, G D AU - Cadet, J L AU - Slikker, W AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 27 EP - 34 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0887-4476, 0887-4476 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76951224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synapse+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=MPTP-induced+oxidative+stress+and+neurotoxicity+are+age-dependent%3A+evidence+from+measures+of+reactive+oxygen+species+and+striatal+dopamine+levels.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BDavid%2C+S+N%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BCadet%2C+J+L%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Synapse+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08874476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Good validation practices: FDA issues. AN - 76894709; 8000894 JF - PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology AU - Levchuk, J W AD - Sterile Drugs Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855. PY - 1994 SP - 221 EP - 223 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 1079-7440, 1079-7440 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Culture Media -- standards KW - Filtration KW - Drug Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Drug Packaging -- standards KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Sterilization -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76894709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PDA+journal+of+pharmaceutical+science+and+technology&rft.atitle=Good+validation+practices%3A+FDA+issues.&rft.au=Levchuk%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Levchuk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PDA+journal+of+pharmaceutical+science+and+technology&rft.issn=10797440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recall bias in disease status associated with perceived exposure to hazardous substances. AN - 76860893; 7981847 AB - Recall bias was assessed in a study of cancers reported by persons living in a community with a hazardous waste treatment facility (A) and a control community (B). The self-reported cancers were verified against medical records and pathology reports. Of the 56 cancer cases reported, 43 were in community A and 13 were in community B. The difference in incorrect reporting of neoplasms between community A and community B was 12% for neoplasms and 23% for malignancies. Before verification, there was a borderline significant association (P = 0.049) between living in community A and all self-reported cancers [odds ratio (OR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval 0.99-3.57]. The verified data showed that ORs decreased with the increasing precision of diagnosis. The effect of misclassification on the OR was an inflation by 15% for neoplasms and by 31% for malignancies. The results demonstrate the importance of verifying reported cases of disease, even a disease as well defined as cancer. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Kaye, W E AU - Hall, H I AU - Lybarger, J A AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 393 EP - 397 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Demography KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Adolescent KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Neoplasms -- classification KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Mental Recall UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76860893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Recall+bias+in+disease+status+associated+with+perceived+exposure+to+hazardous+substances.&rft.au=Kaye%2C+W+E%3BHall%2C+H+I%3BLybarger%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of multiple sulfonamide residues in bovine milk: collaborative study. AN - 76801240; 7950413 AB - A collaborative study involving 8 laboratories was conducted on the determination of 8 sulfonamide residues in raw bovine milk using a liquid chromatographic (LC) method. The sulfonamides are extracted with chloroform-acetone, the organic phase is evaporated, the residues are dissolved in an aqueous potassium phosphate solution, and the fatty residues are removed by washing with hexane. The aqueous layer is collected, filtered, and injected onto an LC system, and the analyte is detected by ultraviolet (UV) absorption at 265 nm. To quantitate all 8 sulfonamides isocratically, 2 chromatographic conditions are required: 12% methanol in the mobile phase for 5 sulfonamides, and 30% methanol in the mobile phase for 4 sulfonamides. Sulfamethazine (SMZ), the most widely used sulfonamide, is detected by both systems. Collaborators were instructed to analyze 3 replicates each of control milk and control milk fortified at 3 levels. They were also provided with 20 blind incurred samples (10 samples in duplicate) to analyze. For 10 ppb fortified milk, the average interlaboratory recovery for the 8 sulfonamides ranged from 56.2% for sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) to 82.7% for SMZ in the 12% methanol mobile phase (SMZ12). Also at this level, Sr ranged from 3.2 for SQX to 8.9 for SMZ12, and SR ranged from 6.9 for sulfadimethoxine to 17.2 for SMZ in the 30% methanol system (SMZ30). At 10 ppb, RSDr and RSDR ranged from 5.7% for SQX to 10.8% for SMZ12, and 10.1% for sulfamerazine to 20.9% for SMZ30, respectively. These results demonstrate that the method is suitable for the determination of the 8 sulfonamide residues in milk at 10 ppb. However, the identification of positives by this procedure needs additional confirmation by procedures comparable to the specificity achievable by liquid or gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Smedley, M D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Division of Residue Chemistry, Beltsville, MD 20705. PY - 1994 SP - 1112 EP - 1122 VL - 77 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sulfamethazine -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Food Contamination KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- statistics & numerical data KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76801240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+multiple+sulfonamide+residues+in+bovine+milk%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Smedley%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Smedley&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical test for mammalian feces in ground black pepper: collaborative study. AN - 76800436; 7950416 AB - A collaborative study for determining mammalian feces in ground black pepper was conducted, using a modified version of the AOAC Official Method 986.28 for mammalian feces in grain products. With the proposed method, the presence of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme found in mammalian feces, was determined by using phenolphthalein diphosphate as the enzyme substrate in a test agar medium containing 1% agar in a borate buffer, pH 9.5. Ground black pepper was stirred in water to extract interfering color. The mixture was filtered and the residue was scattered on plates of liquid test agar. The alkaline phosphatase cleaved phosphate radicals from phenolphthalein diphosphate, generating free phenolphthalein, which appeared as pink to red-purple around the fecal particles in the previously colorless medium. For the 10- and 20-particle spike level, collaborators recovered averages of 12.3 and 24.1 particles, respectively. The experimental background was zero. Collaborators reported that the method was clear and easy to perform. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Gerber, H R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microanalytical Evaluations, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 1146 EP - 1149 VL - 77 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Phenolphthaleins KW - phenolphthalein diphosphate KW - 2090-82-6 KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Spices KW - Food Contamination KW - Feces UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76800436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Chemical+test+for+mammalian+feces+in+ground+black+pepper%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Gerber%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Gerber&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative sieving method for extraction of light filth from cheeses: collaborative study. AN - 76798100; 7950417 AB - A collaborative study was conducted on an alternative sieving method for the extraction of light filth from cheeses. The alternative method was developed that is applicable to broad variety of cheeses. A 225 g test portion is dispersed in a solution of 5.7% HCl, Igepal CO-730, and Igepal DM-710. Digested cheese is wet-sieved on a No. 230 sieve. The residue is treated with Tergitol Anionic 4, transferred to 1% sodium lauryl sulfate solution, heated, and maintained at 65 degrees-75 degrees C for 10 min. The residue is washed with these 2 surfactants a maximum of 4 times until it is reduced to an amount that is filterable. The residue is filtered and the filter papers are examined microscopically at a magnification of ca 30x. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5, 10, and 15) were 80, 68, and 81%, respectively; for insect fragments (5, 15, and 30) recoveries were 97, 90, and 92%, respectively. The alternative sieving method for extraction of light filth from cheeses has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Nakashima, M J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 1153 EP - 1156 VL - 77 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate KW - 368GB5141J KW - Hydrochloric Acid KW - QTT17582CB KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Hair KW - Insects KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Filtration -- methods KW - Cheese UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76798100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Alternative+sieving+method+for+extraction+of+light+filth+from+cheeses%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Nakashima%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Nakashima&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HIV prevention in prisons and jails: obstacles and opportunities. AN - 76779941; 7938381 AB - High rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among jail and prison inmates suggest that HIV prevention efforts should focus on incarcerated populations. Overcrowding, the high prevalence of injection drug use, and other high-risk behaviors among inmates create a prime opportunity for public health officials to affect the course of the HIV epidemic if they can remedy these problems. Yet, along with the opportunity, there are certain obstacles that correctional institutions present to public health efforts. The various jurisdictions have differing approaches to HIV prevention and control. Whether testing should be mandatory or voluntary, whether housing should be integrated or segregated by HIV serostatus, and whether condoms, bleach, or clean needles should be made available to the prisoners, are questions hotly debated by public health and correctional officials. Even accurate assessment of risk-taking within the institutions leads to controversy, as asking questions could imply acceptance of the very behaviors correctional officials are trying to prevent. Education and risk-reduction counseling are the least controversial and most widely employed modes of prevention, but the effectiveness of current prevention efforts in reducing HIV transmission in this high-risk population is largely undetermined. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Polonsky, S AU - Kerr, S AU - Harris, B AU - Gaiter, J AU - Fichtner, R R AU - Kennedy, M G AD - Public Health Service's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. PY - 1994 SP - 615 EP - 625 VL - 109 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Mandatory Testing KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- ethnology KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Health Education KW - Age Distribution KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- ethnology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - HIV Seropositivity -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- ethnology KW - Prisons -- statistics & numerical data KW - HIV-1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76779941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=HIV+prevention+in+prisons+and+jails%3A+obstacles+and+opportunities.&rft.au=Polonsky%2C+S%3BKerr%2C+S%3BHarris%2C+B%3BGaiter%2C+J%3BFichtner%2C+R+R%3BKennedy%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Polonsky&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Sex Transm Dis. 1985 Jul-Sep;12(3):140-4 [3929406] JAMA. 1991 Jul 17;266(3):361 [2056640] J Infect Dis. 1984 Aug;150(2):263-6 [6332154] Am J Public Health. 1988 Apr;78(4):447-9 [3258134] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;528:277-95 [3421601] Inquiry. 1991 Fall;28(3):213-25 [1833332] AIDS. 1991 Jul;5(7):897 [1892598] Women Health. 1991;17(2):105-17 [1871986] BMJ. 1991 Jun 22;302(6791):1477-8 [1855010] AIDS. 1991 Sep;5(9):1133-8 [1930777] AIDS. 1992 Jul;6(7):623-8 [1503681] Ann Intern Med. 1993 Jan 15;118(2):139-45 [8416310] Am J Public Health. 1988 Jan;78(1):55-7 [3337306] Am J Psychiatry. 1987 Nov;144(11):1431-6 [3674224] Am J Public Health. 1991 May;81(5):628-30 [2014866] Am J Public Health. 1990 Sep;80(9):1129-31 [2382757] Am J Public Health. 1990 Jul;80(7):853-7 [2356911] Milbank Q. 1989;67(2):171-207 [2630900] AIDS. 1988 Oct;2(5):363-7 [3146264] Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1988 Sep;39(9):966-72 [3215646] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of an amidase from an acrylamide-degrading Rhodococcus sp. AN - 76779117; 7944367 AB - A constitutively expressed aliphatic amidase from a Rhodococcus sp. catalyzing acrylamide deamination was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 360,000. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified preparation yielded a homogeneous protein band having an apparent molecular weight of about 44,500. The amidase had pH and temperature optima of 8.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively, and its isoelectric point was pH 4.0. The amidase had apparent K(m) values of 1.2, 2.6, 3.0, 2.7, and 5.0 mM for acrylamide, acetamide, butyramide, propionamide, and isobutyramide, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectometry analysis indicated that the enzyme contains 8 mol of iron per mol of the native enzyme. No labile sulfide was detected. The amidase activity was enhanced by, but not dependent on Fe(2+), Ba(2+), and Cr(2+). However, the enzyme activity was partially inhibited by Mg(2+) and totally inhibited in the presence of Ni(2+), Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), specific iron chelators, and thiol blocking reagents. The NH2-terminal sequence of the first 18 amino acids displayed 88% homology to the aliphatic amidase of Brevibacterium sp. strain R312. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Nawaz, M S AU - Khan, A A AU - Seng, J E AU - Leakey, J E AU - Siitonen, P H AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 3343 EP - 3348 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Acrylamides KW - 0 KW - Amino Acids KW - Metals KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Amidohydrolases KW - EC 3.5.- KW - amidase KW - EC 3.5.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Kinetics KW - Isoelectric Point KW - Amino Acids -- analysis KW - Temperature KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Molecular Weight KW - Rhodococcus -- metabolism KW - Amidohydrolases -- isolation & purification KW - Amidohydrolases -- genetics KW - Amidohydrolases -- chemistry KW - Acrylamides -- metabolism KW - Rhodococcus -- genetics KW - Rhodococcus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76779117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+an+amidase+from+an+acrylamide-degrading+Rhodococcus+sp.&rft.au=Nawaz%2C+M+S%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BSeng%2C+J+E%3BLeakey%2C+J+E%3BSiitonen%2C+P+H%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1968 Jun 25;243(12):3357-60 [5656374] Can J Microbiol. 1993 Feb;39(2):207-12 [8467421] J Gen Microbiol. 1969 Aug;57(2):273-85 [4981920] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] J Biol Chem. 1973 Jan 10;248(1):251-64 [4144254] Appl Microbiol. 1973 Nov;26(5):709-18 [4762392] Microbios. 1973 Jun-Aug;8(29):15-22 [4765897] J Gen Microbiol. 1975 Apr;87(2):260-72 [1141856] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Jun;31(6):900-6 [938041] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Hum Genet. 1978 Sep 19;43(3):307-13 [700705] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;195(1):45-77 [3275881] Mutat Res. 1989 Jul;226(3):157-62 [2747730] J Ind Microbiol. 1990 Apr-May;5(2-3):65-70 [1367463] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1990 Oct;34(1):42-6 [1366973] Can J Microbiol. 1991 Jun;37(6):411-8 [1913344] Arch Microbiol. 1991;156(3):231-8 [1953306] Gene. 1992 Jul 1;116(1):99-104 [1628849] Methods Biochem Anal. 1969;17:311-24 [4893472] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Statement of the Advisory Committee on Services for Families with Infants and Toddlers. AN - 62637882; ED395676 AB - This report outlines the views of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' 40-member Advisory Committee on Services for Families with Infants and Toddlers in regard to the Early Head Start Program. This program, introduced in 1995, is designed to provide services to children from birth to age 3 (and their families) who were not previously covered under the Head Start preschool education program. The report explains the background, vision, and goals of Early Head Start, and reviews research on child and family development that supports such services for infants, toddlers, and their families. Early Head Start is designed to be family-centered and community-based, and to follow principles that emphasize high quality; prevention and promotion; positive relationships and continuity; parent involvement; inclusion; culture; comprehensiveness, flexibility, responsiveness, and intensity; transition; and collaboration. The committee recommends that the program focus on child, family, community, and staff development, and that the federal commitment to the program concentrate on training, monitoring, research and evaluation, partnership building, and funding. Short biographies of the 40 committee members are included. (Contains 39 references.) (MDM) Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 50 KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Parent Education KW - Toddlers KW - Government Role KW - Advisory Committees KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Advocacy KW - Educational Policy KW - Educational Research KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62637882?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A food labeling guide AN - 59686768; 1995-0603530 AB - Summarizes required statements that must appear on food labels under US laws and regulations. JF - Superintendent of Documents, September 1994. 65 pp. Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - September 1994 SP - 65 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160452120 KW - Food industry -- Labels KW - Labels -- United States KW - Food industry -- Regulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59686768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160452120&rft.btitle=A+food+labeling+guide&rft.title=A+food+labeling+guide&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-045212-0) pa U.S. $4.50; elsewhere $5.63 N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment and characterization of methylmercury-resistant PC12 cell line. AN - 36364707; 201002-31-0247266 (CE); 11701607 (EN) AB - Methylmercury (MeHg)-resistant sublines of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were isolated by repeated exposure to stepwise increased concentrations of MeHg. One of the sublines (PC12/TM) showed an 8- to 10-fold increase in resistance to MeHg compared with parent PC12 cells on the basis of the concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of growth. PC12/TM cells accumulated smaller amounts of MeHg than parent PC12 cells. This reduction in MeHg accumulation in PC12/TM cells resulted from slow uptake and rapid efflux. The intracellular glutathione (GSH) level in PC12/TM cells was four times higher than that of PC12 cells. Pretreatment of PC12/TM cells with buthionine sulfoximine, which decreased the GSH level to that of the parent PC12 cells, increased the sensitivity of PC12/TM cells to MeHg. A close correlation between the MeHg accumulation and MeHg sensitivity was found among seven sublines of PC12 cells and parent PC12 cell line. The GSH level in PC12 sublines was also correlated with their sensitivity to MeHg. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Miura, K AU - Clarkson, T W AU - Ikeda, K AU - Naganuma, A AU - Imura, N AD - Department of Environmental Sciences, Wako University, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 313 EP - 315 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Parents KW - Correlation KW - Efflux KW - Uptakes KW - Health KW - Inhibition KW - Pretreatment KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+characterization+of+methylmercury-resistant+PC12+cell+line.&rft.au=Miura%2C+K%3BClarkson%2C+T+W%3BIkeda%2C+K%3BNaganuma%2C+A%3BImura%2C+N&rft.aulast=Miura&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium distribution in rats and DNA cleavage by vanadyl complex: implication for vanadium toxicity and biological effects. AN - 36363131; 201002-31-0247273 (CE); 11701614 (EN) AB - Vanadium ion is toxic to animals. However, vanadium is also an agent used for chemoprotection against cancers in animals. To understand both the toxic and beneficial effects we studied vanadium distribution in rats. Accumulation of vanadium in the liver nuclei of rats given low doses of compounds in the +4 or +5 oxidation state was greater than in the liver nuclei of rats given high doses of vanadium compounds or the vanadate (+5 oxidation state) compound. Vanadium was incorporated exclusively in the vanadyl (+4 oxidation state) form. We also investigated the reactions of vanadyl ion and found that incubation of DNA with vanadyl ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to intense DNA cleavage. ESR spin trapping demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals are generated during the reactions of vanadyl ion and H2O2. Thus, we propose that the mechanism for vanadium-dependent toxicity and antineoplastic action is due to DNA cleavage by hydroxyl radicals generated in living systems. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sakurai, H AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 35 EP - 36 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Vanadium KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Rats KW - Cleavage KW - Valence KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Toxicity KW - Toxic KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36363131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Vanadium+distribution+in+rats+and+DNA+cleavage+by+vanadyl+complex%3A+implication+for+vanadium+toxicity+and+biological+effects.&rft.au=Sakurai%2C+H&rft.aulast=Sakurai&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis to study chromium-induced point mutations in human cells. AN - 36359961; 201002-31-0247272 (CE); 11701613 (EN) AB - A large number of hprt-mutants were obtained by treating human lymphoblast cells (TK6) with 5 microM K2Cr2O7 for 5 hr and selecting by growth in 6-thioguanine. A combination of high fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to measure mutant frequencies as a function of DNA sequence. Chromium(VI) induced four hotspots in a 104 bp domain of hprt exon 3. Substitutions at G:C base pairs were the predominant mutations. One of the chromium-induced hotspots was located at the same position as previously determined hydrogen peroxide and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide hotspots. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Chen, J AU - Thilly, W G AD - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. PY - 1994 SP - 227 EP - 229 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Human KW - Mutations KW - Electrophoresis KW - Images KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Diols KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36359961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Use+of+denaturing-gradient+gel+electrophoresis+to+study+chromium-induced+point+mutations+in+human+cells.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J%3BThilly%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The significance of the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of metallothionein in human liver and tumor cells. AN - 36358072; 201002-31-0247270 (CE); 11701611 (EN) AB - Metallothioneins are a group of low-molecular-weight intracellular proteins present in high levels in fetal mammalian livers, bound to zinc and copper. They are also present in two major isoforms in low basal levels in various organs of adults in several species. Although a number of functions have been proposed for metallothioneins, their major biological roles may be in the storage of zinc and copper during rapid growth and development, and also in the detoxification of certain toxic metals. In adult liver, metallothionein is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, it is localized also in the hepatocyte nuclei in human fetal liver and fetal and neonatal rat liver, as determined by immunohistochemical staining with a specific metallothionein antibody. Because of its high expression in fetal development, the potential role of metallothioneins in human tumors was investigated. The cellular localization of metallothionein was demonstrated in various human tumors such as thyroid tumors, testicular germ cell carcinoma, bladder transitional cell carcinomas, and salivary gland tumors. In most of these tumor tissues, metallothioneins were found in high levels in nucleus and cytoplasm in both benign and malignant tumors, although the proliferating edge of the malignant tumors showed most intense metallothionein staining. The expression of metallothionein is not universal to all tumor growth; its presence may depend on various factors, such as the type of tumor, cellular origin, morphological heterogeneity, or stage of growth. Human testicular seminomas, which are well differentiated, showed little expression of metallothionein irrespective of the staging, as compared to less well-differentiated embryonal carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 3. Figure 4. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cherian, M G AD - Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. PY - 1994 SP - 131 EP - 135 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tumors KW - Liver KW - Human KW - Zinc KW - Cellular KW - Position (location) KW - Adults KW - Staining KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+significance+of+the+nuclear+and+cytoplasmic+localization+of+metallothionein+in+human+liver+and+tumor+cells.&rft.au=Cherian%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Cherian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in cultured mammalian cells. AN - 36355810; 201002-31-0247271 (CE); 11701612 (EN) AB - Chromium(VI) compounds are known to be potent toxic and carcinogenic agents. Because chromium(VI) is easily taken up by cells and is subsequently reduced to chromium(III), the formation of paramagnetic chromium such as chromium(V) and chromium(III) is believed to play a role in the adverse biological effects of chromium(VI) compounds. The present report, uses electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy; the importance of the role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in intact cultured cells is discussed, based upon our studies with antioxidants including vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), B2 (riboflavin), C (ascorbic acid), and so on. These studies appear to confirm the participation of paramagnetic Cr such as chromium(V) and Chromium(III) in chromium(VI)-induced cellular damage. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sugiyama, M AD - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 31 EP - 33 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Chromium KW - Damage KW - Vitamin E KW - Electron spin resonance KW - Electron paramagnetic resonance KW - Riboflavin KW - Antioxidants KW - Spectroscopy KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Role+of+paramagnetic+chromium+in+chromium%28VI%29-induced+damage+in+cultured+mammalian+cells.&rft.au=Sugiyama%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sugiyama&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subcellular targets of cadmium nephrotoxicity: cadmium binding to renal membrane proteins in animals with or without protective metallothionein synthesis. AN - 36348981; 201002-31-0247264 (CE); 11701605 (EN) AB - Nephrotoxic effects of cadmium exposure are well established in humans and experimental animals. An early manifestation of such toxicity is calciuria a few hours after injection of CdMT in rats. Protection against calciuria and other adverse effects such as proteinuria (occurring later) is offered by pretreatment with Cd, which effectively induces metallothionein synthesis. In the present experiment, one group of animals was given pretreatment with CdCl2 to induce metallothionein synthesis. The comparison group was left without pretreatment. The distribution of Cd from a normally nephrotoxic dose of 109CdMT was studied by gel chromatography in subcellular fractions of kidney cortex in both groups. In the pretreated animals, 109Cd in the plasma membrane and microsome fractions of renal cortical cells was mainly bound to metallothionein and other low molecular weight proteins at 4 hr. In nonpretreated animals the major part of 109Cd was bound to high molecular weight proteins. These findings indicate that membrane proteins may be important targets for Cd when inducing nephrotoxicity and that sequestering of Cd by metallothionein (and other low molecular weight proteins) may be a mechanism of protection. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Nordberg, G F AU - Jin, T AU - Nordberg, M AD - Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Umea, Sweden. PY - 1994 SP - 191 EP - 194 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cadmium KW - Animals KW - Proteins KW - Synthesis KW - Pretreatment KW - Membranes KW - Low molecular weights KW - Toxicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Subcellular+targets+of+cadmium+nephrotoxicity%3A+cadmium+binding+to+renal+membrane+proteins+in+animals+with+or+without+protective+metallothionein+synthesis.&rft.au=Nordberg%2C+G+F%3BJin%2C+T%3BNordberg%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nordberg&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chromium on DNA replication in vitro. AN - 36347081; 201002-31-0247279 (CE); 11701620 (EN) AB - Chromium is an environmentally significant human carcinogen with complicated metabolism and an unknown mechanism of mutagenesis. Chromium(VI) is taken up by cells as the chromate anion and is reduced intracellularly via reactive intermediates to stable Cr(III) species. Chromium(III) forms tight complexes with biological ligands, such as DNA and proteins, which are slow to exchange. In vitro, CrCl3.6H2O primarily interacts with DNA to form outer shell charge complexes with the DNA phosphates. However, at micromolar concentrations, the Cr(III) binds to a low number of saturable tight binding sites on single-stranded M13 DNA. Additional chromium interacts in a nonspecific manner with the DNA and can form intermolecular DNA cross-links. Although high concentrations of Cr(III) inhibit DNA replication, micromolar concentrations of Cr(III) can substitute for Mg2+, weakly activate the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I-KF), and act as an enhancer of nucleotide incorporation. Alterations in enzyme kinetics induced by Cr(III) increase DNA polymerase processivity and the rate of polymerase bypass of DNA lesions. This results in an increased rate of spontaneous mutagenesis during DNA replication both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that chromium(III) may contribute to chromate-induced mutagenesis and may be a factor in the initiation of chromium carcinogenesis. Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Snow, E T AD - New York University Medical Center, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo. PY - 1994 SP - 41 EP - 44 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Chromium KW - In vitro testing KW - Replication KW - Carcinogens KW - Chromates KW - Images KW - DNA polymerase KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chromium+on+DNA+replication+in+vitro.&rft.au=Snow%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of metal treatment on DNA repair in polyamine-depleted HeLa cells with special reference to nickel. AN - 36345290; 201002-31-0247276 (CE); 11701617 (EN) AB - Human cells depleted of the naturally occurring polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine exhibit altered chromatin structure and marked deficiencies in DNA replicative and repair processes. Similar effects have been observed following treatment of normal mammalian cells with various heavy metal salts. In an attempt to better understand how metals interfere with normal DNA metabolic processes, a series of studies was carried out in which the toxicity and repair-inhibitory properties of various metals were evaluated in polyamine-depleted HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity of copper, zinc, magnesium, and cadmium was not altered in cells carrying lower polyamine pools. However, the sensitivity to nickel was markedly increased upon polyamine depletion, a condition that was readily reversed by polyamine supplementation. Nucleoid sedimentation analysis indicated that a greater amount of nickel-induced DNA damage occurred in polyamine-depleted cells than in normal cells, possibly serving as the basis for the increased sensitivity. Both polyamine depletion and nickel treatment result in decreased repair of DNA strand breaks and decreased cloning efficiency following X-ray and ultraviolet irradiation. Nickel treatment of polyamine-depleted cells resulted in synergistic sensitivity to both radiation treatments. None of the other metals tested enhanced X-ray or ultraviolet sensitivity of polyamine-depleted cells. Analysis of retarded repair sites following ultraviolet irradiation indicated those sites to be nonligatable in polyamine-depleted and nickel-treated cells, suggesting a block in the normal gap-sealing process. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Snyder, R D AD - Department of Cancer Biology, Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. PY - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 55 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Nickel KW - Magnesium KW - Polyamines KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Repair KW - Ultraviolet KW - Depletion KW - Irradiation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+metal+treatment+on+DNA+repair+in+polyamine-depleted+HeLa+cells+with+special+reference+to+nickel.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of hydroxyl radical by chromate in biologically relevant systems: role of Cr(V) complexes versus tetraperoxochromate(V). AN - 36342944; 201002-31-0247274 (CE); 11701615 (EN) AB - While Cr(V) species and .OH radicals have been suggested to play significant roles in the mechanism of chromate-related carcinogenesis, controversy still exists regarding the identity of the Cr(V) species and their role in the generation of .OH radicals. Some recent studies have suggested that the primary Cr(V) species involved is the tetraperoxochromate(V) (CrO8(3-)) ion, which produces .OH radical either on decomposition or by reaction with H2O2. The present study utilized ESR and spin trapping techniques to probe this mechanism. The results obtained show that (i) CrO8(3-) is not formed in any significant quantity in the reaction of chromate with biologically relevant reductants such as glutathione, glutathione reductase, NAD(P)H, ascorbate, vitamin B2, etc. (ii) Decomposition of CrO8(3-), or its reaction with H2O2 does not generate any significant amount of .OH radicals. (iii) The major Cr(V) species formed are complexes of Cr(V) with reductant moieties as ligands. (iv) These Cr(V) complexes generate .OH radicals from H2O2 via Fenton-like reaction. The present study thus disagrees with the recently proposed "tetraperoxochromate(V) theory of carcinogenesis from chromate." Instead, it suggests an alternative mechanism, which might be labeled as "the Cr(V)-complexation-Fenton reaction model of carcinogenesis from chromate. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shi, X AU - Dalal, N S AD - Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506. PY - 1994 SP - 231 EP - 236 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Radicals KW - Chromates KW - Carcinogens KW - Biological effects KW - Glutathione KW - Decomposition reactions KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Ligands KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Generation+of+hydroxyl+radical+by+chromate+in+biologically+relevant+systems%3A+role+of+Cr%28V%29+complexes+versus+tetraperoxochromate%28V%29.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BDalal%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Newer systems for bacterial resistances to toxic heavy metals. AN - 36341442; 201002-31-0247268 (CE); 11701609 (EN) AB - Bacterial plasmids contain specific genes for resistances to toxic heavy metal ions including Ag+, AsO2-, AsO4(3-), Cd2+, Co2+, CrO4(2-), Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sb3+, and Zn2+. Recent progress with plasmid copper-resistance systems in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae show a system of four gene products, an inner membrane protein (PcoD), an outer membrane protein (PcoB), and two periplasmic Cu(2+)-binding proteins (PcoA and PcoC). Synthesis of this system is governed by two regulatory proteins (the membrane sensor PcoS and the soluble responder PcoR, probably a DNA-binding protein), homologous to other bacterial two-component regulatory systems. Chromosomally encoded Cu2+ P-type ATPases have recently been recognized in Enterococcus hirae and these are closely homologous to the bacterial cadmium efflux ATPase and the human copper-deficiency disease Menkes gene product. The Cd(2+)-efflux ATPase of gram-positive bacteria is a large P-type ATPase, homologous to the muscle Ca2+ ATPase and the Na+/K+ ATPases of animals. The arsenic-resistance system of gram-negative bacteria functions as an oxyanion efflux ATPase for arsenite and presumably antimonite. However, the structure of the arsenic ATPase is fundamentally different from that of P-type ATPases. The absence of the arsA gene (for the ATPase subunit) in gram-positive bacteria raises questions of energy-coupling for arsenite efflux. The ArsC protein product of the arsenic-resistance operons of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is an intracellular enzyme that reduces arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], the substrate for the transport pump. Newly studied cation efflux systems for Cd2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ (Czc) or Co2+ and Ni2+ resistance (Cnr) lack ATPase motifs in their predicted polypeptide sequences. Therefore, not all plasmid-resistance systems that function through toxic ion efflux are ATPases. The first well-defined bacterial metallothionein was found in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Bacterial metallothionein is encoded by the smtA gene and contains 56 amino acids, including nine cysteine residues (fewer than animal metallothioneins). The synthesis of Synechococcus metallothionein is regulated by a repressor protein, the product of the adjacent but separately transcribed smtB gene. Regulation of metallothionein synthesis occurs at different levels; quickly by derepression of repressor activity, or over a longer time by deletion of the repressor gene at fixed positions and by amplification of the metallothionein DNA region leading to multiple copies of the gene. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Silver, S AU - Ji, G AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago. PY - 1994 SP - 107 EP - 113 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Genes KW - Proteins KW - Efflux KW - Toxic KW - Synthesis KW - Arsenic KW - Toxicology KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Newer+systems+for+bacterial+resistances+to+toxic+heavy+metals.&rft.au=Silver%2C+S%3BJi%2C+G&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparent quiescence of the metallothionein gene in the rat ventral prostate: association with cadmium-induced prostate tumors in rats. AN - 36340123; 201002-31-0247265 (CE); 11701606 (EN) AB - Several chronic studies in rats indicating that cadmium exposure can induce tumors of the ventral prostate have recently been completed in our laboratory. In one such study, a single dose of cadmium, s.c., increased prostatic tumor incidence only at doses below 5.0 mumol/kg, the approximate threshold for cadmium-induced testicular damage. In a further study, prostatic tumors were elevated with higher doses of cadmium (30 mumol/kg, s.c.) if testicular damage was prevented by zinc pretreatment. Most recently, we found that dietary cadmium (25 to 200 micrograms/g) also can increase prostatic neoplastic lesions, but these were reduced by zinc-deficient diets. Thus it appears that cadmium produces prostatic tumors only if testicular function is maintained. Furthermore, we find that metallothionein (MT), a protein associated with cadmium tolerance, may be deficient in the rat prostate, and the prostatic MT gene, at least in the ventral lobe, is unresponsive to metal stimuli. In liver, MT gene expression, as assessed by MT-1 mRNA, was quite apparent in control tissue and was induced in a dose-dependent manner 24 hr following cadmium exposure (1 to 10 mumol/kg, s.c.). However, in the ventral prostate very low constitutive levels of MT-1 mRNA were detected and increases did not occur with cadmium exposure. Cadmium concentrations in the ventral prostate were in excess of those that cause significant induction in the liver. In sharp contrast to the gene in the ventral prostate, in the dorsal prostate the MT gene was quite active. The dorsal prostate is not susceptible to cadmium carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Coogan, T P AU - Shiraishi, N AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland. PY - 1994 SP - 137 EP - 139 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cadmium KW - Prostate KW - Tumors KW - Genes KW - Damage KW - Images KW - Liver KW - Zinc KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36340123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Apparent+quiescence+of+the+metallothionein+gene+in+the+rat+ventral+prostate%3A+association+with+cadmium-induced+prostate+tumors+in+rats.&rft.au=Coogan%2C+T+P%3BShiraishi%2C+N%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo effects of chromium. AN - 36337942; 201002-31-0247262 (CE); 11701603 (EN) AB - The production of reactive oxygen species on addition of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7) to lung cells in culture was studied using flow cytometer analysis. A Coulter Epics Profile II flow cytometer was used to detect the formation of reactive oxygen species after K2Cr2O7 was added to A549 cells grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, after which cellular esterases removed the acetate groups and the dye was trapped intracellularly. Reactive oxygen species oxidized the dye, with resultant fluorescence. Increased doses of Cr(VI) caused increasing fluorescence (10-fold higher than background at 200 microM). Addition of Cr(III) compounds, as the picolinate or chloride, caused no increased fluorescence. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies indicated that three (as yet unidentified) spectral "signals" of the free radical type were formed on addition of 20, 50, 100, and 200 microM Cr(VI) to the A549 cells in suspension. Two other EPR "signals" with the characteristics of Cr(V) entities were seen at field values lower than the standard free radical value. Liver microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats treated intraperitoneally with K2Cr2O7 (130 mumole/kg every 48 hr for six treatments) had decreased activity of cytochromes P4503A1 and/or 3A2, and 2C11. Hepatic microsomes from treated female Sprague-Dawley rats, in contrast, had increased activities of these isozymes. Lung microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats had increased activity of P4502C11. Images Figure 4. Figure 6. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Witmer, C AU - Faria, E AU - Park, H S AU - Sadrieh, N AU - Yurkow, E AU - O'Connell, S AU - Sirak, A AU - Schleyer, H AD - Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. PY - 1994 SP - 169 EP - 176 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fluorescence KW - Rats KW - Dyes KW - Free radicals KW - Chromium KW - Images KW - Males KW - Lungs KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=In+vivo+effects+of+chromium.&rft.au=Witmer%2C+C%3BFaria%2C+E%3BPark%2C+H+S%3BSadrieh%2C+N%3BYurkow%2C+E%3BO%27Connell%2C+S%3BSirak%2C+A%3BSchleyer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Witmer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of progesterone pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in male Fischer (F344/NCr) and Wistar (WF/NCr) rats. AN - 36337483; 201002-31-0247278 (CE); 11701619 (EN) AB - A previous report indicated that progesterone pretreatment can markedly reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity in male NAW mice. Therefore we examined the effects of progesterone pretreatment on Cd toxicity in male Fischer (F344) and Wistar (WF) rats. A single subcutaneous injection of 10 or 30 mumole (CdCl2)/kg proved nonlethal over 24 hr but caused the typical spectrum of testicular lesions in these rats. Moreover, when F344 rats were pretreated with progesterone (100 mg/kg, sc, at -48, -24, and 0 hr) and then given cadmium (20 mumole CdCl2/kg, 0 hr), this dose of cadmium proved very toxic, unexpectedly causing 53% mortality. Progesterone pretreatment had no effect on cadmium-induced lethality in WF rats or on testicular lesions in either strain. Significant elevations in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, indicative of hepatotoxicity, were also observed in progesterone-pretreated F344 rats given cadmium as compared to rats given Cd alone. Progesterone did not induce increases in hepatic or renal metallothionein (MT) and hepatic or testicular MT-I mRNA levels in F344 rats. In contrast, levels of the testicular cadmium-binding protein (TCBP) in progesterone-pretreated F344 rats were doubled. This increase in TCBP provided no protection against cadmium toxicity in the testes. These results indicate that, in contrast to previously reported data for mice, progesterone pretreatment increased the lethality of cadmium in male F344 rats and had no effect on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in F344 and WF rats. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Shiraishi, N AU - Barter, R A AU - Uno, H AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland. PY - 1994 SP - 277 EP - 280 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rats KW - Cadmium KW - Toxicity KW - Pretreatment KW - Males KW - Mice KW - Lethality KW - Lesions KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effect+of+progesterone+pretreatment+on+cadmium+toxicity+in+male+Fischer+%28F344%2FNCr%29+and+Wistar+%28WF%2FNCr%29+rats.&rft.au=Shiraishi%2C+N%3BBarter%2C+R+A%3BUno%2C+H%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Shiraishi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo studies on the degradation of metallothionein. AN - 36337161; 201002-31-0247281 (CE); 11701622 (EN) AB - Degradation of metallothionein (MT) from rat liver was examined. Degradation of apo-MT by liver homogenate was greater than that by cytosol. At pH 5.5, degradation by homogenate was more than that at pH 7.2. These findings suggest that proteases that function at acidic pH are probably involved in MT degradation. Because lysosomes are the principal subcellular organelles that contain acid proteases (cathepsins), we compared the degradation of apo-MT by lysosomes and cytosol. Apo-MT was degraded about 400 times faster by lysosomal fraction than by cytosolic fraction. To determine the relative importance of different cathepsins, we used different inhibitors. Leupeptin, which inhibits cathepsins B and L, inhibited the degradation of apo-MT by 80%, implying that cathepsins B and/or L might be very important in the intracellular turnover of MT. Cathepsin D appeared to be the least significant, because apo-MT degradation was reduced by about 20% by inhibiting cathepsin D. When we extended this study with purified cathepsins, we obtained the same answer, i.e., the ability of different cathepsins to degrade apo-MT was in the following order: cathepsin B > > cathepsin C > cathepsin D. While apo-MT was susceptible to degradation, ZnMT and CdMT were highly resistant to degradation. Coincubation of ZnMT or CdMT with either lysosomal extract or purified cathepsins did not result in any appreciable degradation even after 16 hr. However, longer incubations did result in some degradation, especially by purified cathepsin B. Interestingly, CdMT degraded little faster than ZnMT by both lysosomal extract as well as purified cathepsin B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 3. Figure 4. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Klaassen, C D AU - Choudhuri, S AU - McKim, J M AU - Lehman-McKeeman, L D AU - Kershaw, W C AD - Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. PY - 1994 SP - 141 EP - 146 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Degradation KW - Cathepsin B KW - Cathepsin D KW - Inhibitors KW - pH KW - Lysosomes KW - Liver KW - Protease KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+studies+on+the+degradation+of+metallothionein.&rft.au=Klaassen%2C+C+D%3BChoudhuri%2C+S%3BMcKim%2C+J+M%3BLehman-McKeeman%2C+L+D%3BKershaw%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Klaassen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of zinc and cadmium on apoptotic DNA fragmentation in isolated bovine liver nuclei. AN - 36335098; 201002-31-0247275 (CE); 11701616 (EN) AB - Isolated nuclei from mammalian cells contain a calcium-dependent endonuclease. The produced DNA fragmentation is a necessary step in the sequence of events resulting in apoptosis (programmed cell death). We report here that zinc and cadmium inhibit the calcium-dependent endonuclease. The essential metal ion zinc may counterbalance the calcium-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to zinc, cadmium alone stimulates the endonuclease by replacing calcium. Thus cadmium exerts a dual effect: micromolar concentrations inhibit the apoptotic endonuclease in the presence but activate the enzyme in the absence of calcium. Images Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lohmann, R D AU - Beyersmann, D AD - Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Germany. PY - 1994 SP - 269 EP - 271 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - Calcium KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Fragmentation KW - Images KW - Apoptosis KW - Counterbalances KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+zinc+and+cadmium+on+apoptotic+DNA+fragmentation+in+isolated+bovine+liver+nuclei.&rft.au=Lohmann%2C+R+D%3BBeyersmann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lohmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of transformation of C3H/10T1/2 C1 8 mouse embryo cells and diploid human fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal compounds. AN - 36332086; 201002-31-0247263 (CE); 11701604 (EN) AB - Carcinogenic arsenic, nickel, and chromium compounds induced morphological and neoplastic transformation but no mutation to ouabain resistance in 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells; lead chromate also did not induce mutation to ouabain or 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mechanism of metal-induced morphological transformation was likely not due to the specific base substitution mutations measured in ouabain resistance mutation assays, and for lead chromate, likely not due to this type of base substitution mutation or to frameshift mutations. Preliminary data indicate increases in steady-state levels of c-myc RNA in arsenic-, nickel-, and chromium-transformed cell lines. We also showed that carcinogenic nickel, chromium, and arsenic compounds and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced stable anchorage independence (Al) in diploid human fibroblasts (DHF) but no focus formation or immortality. Nickel subsulfide and lead chromate induced Al but not mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance. The mechanism of induction of Al by metal salts in DHF was likely not by the type of base substitution or frameshift mutations measured in these assays. MNNG induced Al, mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance, and mutation to ouabain resistance, and might induce Al by base substitution or frameshift mutations. Dexamethasone, aspirin, and salicylic acid inhibited nickel subsulfide, MNNG, and 12-O-tetrade-canoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Al in DHF, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolism and oxygen radical generation play a role in induction of Al. We propose that nickel compounds stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism, consequent oxygen radical generation, and oxygen radical attack upon DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Landolph, J R AD - Department of Microbiology, Kenneth Norris, Jr., Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California. PY - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 125 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutations KW - Aluminum KW - Nickel KW - Carcinogens KW - Transformations KW - Chromates KW - Radicals KW - Embryos KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+transformation+of+C3H%2F10T1%2F2+C1+8+mouse+embryo+cells+and+diploid+human+fibroblasts+by+carcinogenic+metal+compounds.&rft.au=Landolph%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Landolph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA single-strand breaks and cytotoxicity induced by chromate(VI), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) in hydrogen peroxide-resistant cell lines. AN - 36331613; 201002-31-0247267 (CE); 11701608 (EN) AB - The induction of cytotoxicity and DNA single-strand breaks by chromium(VI), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) were compared in H2O2-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO(R)) cells and parental (CHO(P)) cells. Using a colony-forming assay, CHO(R) cells were found to be significantly more resistant than CHO(P) cells to the cytotoxicity caused by CdCl2 and HgCl2, but not to that caused by Na2CrO4. However, the DNA single-strand breaks produced by each of these metals were significantly lower in the CHO(R) cells. With respect to chromium reduction, the level of chromium(V) in CHO(R) cells was decreased. The role of intracellular active oxygen in the heavy metal-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tsuzuki, K AU - Sugiyama, M AU - Haramaki, N AD - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 341 EP - 342 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Breaking KW - Chromium KW - Hamsters KW - Chromates KW - Ovaries KW - Damage KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+single-strand+breaks+and+cytotoxicity+induced+by+chromate%28VI%29%2C+cadmium%28II%29%2C+and+mercury%28II%29+in+hydrogen+peroxide-resistant+cell+lines.&rft.au=Tsuzuki%2C+K%3BSugiyama%2C+M%3BHaramaki%2C+N&rft.aulast=Tsuzuki&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA damage induced in cultured human alveolar (L-132) cells by exposure to dimethylarsinic acid. AN - 36331065; 201002-31-0247269 (CE); 11701610 (EN) AB - Gene damage in cultured human alveolar (L-132) cells induced by exposure to dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), a major metabolite of inorganic arsenics in mammals, was studied. DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links were induced by the treatment of L-132 cells with 10 mM DMAA. These kinds of damage appeared at 8 hr after start of exposure to DMAA. As regards DNA-protein cross-links, the DNA was found to bind not only to core histone proteins but also linker histone (H1) and nonhistone proteins. Furthermore, the cross-links were formed by the binding to serine or threonine residues of H1 or nonhistone proteins through phosphate moieties of the DNA. The induction of the alkali-labile sites in DNA in DMAA-treated L-132 cells was observed prior to that of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links. As one of the alkali-labile sites in DNA, we estimated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA. The present study suggests that the DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links induced by the treatment of L-132 cells with DMAA occurred via the formation of AP sites in the DNA and that the DNA-protein cross-links were produced by a Schiff-base reaction between amino groups of nuclear proteins and aldehyde groups of AP sites in the DNA and the DNA single-strand breaks, by a beta-elimination reaction on AP sites in the DNA. Images Figure 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kato, K AU - Hayashi, H AU - Hasegawa, A AU - Yamanaka, K AU - Okada, S AD - Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Nihon University College of Pharmacy, Chiba, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 285 EP - 288 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Crosslinking KW - Histones KW - Proteins KW - Breaking KW - Damage KW - Human KW - Images KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+damage+induced+in+cultured+human+alveolar+%28L-132%29+cells+by+exposure+to+dimethylarsinic+acid.&rft.au=Kato%2C+K%3BHayashi%2C+H%3BHasegawa%2C+A%3BYamanaka%2C+K%3BOkada%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by carcinogenic chromate: relationship to DNA damage, genotoxicity, and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. AN - 36329016; 201002-31-0247280 (CE); 11701621 (EN) AB - Hexavalent chromium (Cr) compounds are respiratory carcinogens in humans and animals. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with 150 and 300 microM sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) for 2 hr decreased colony-forming efficiency by 46 and 92%, respectively. These treatments induced dose-dependent internucleosomal fragmentation of cellular DNA beyond 24 hr after chromate treatment. This fragmentation pattern is characteristic of apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death. These treatments also induced an immediate inhibition of macromolecular synthesis and delayed progression of cells through S-phase of the cell cycle. Cell growth (as evidenced by DNA synthesis) was inhibited for at least 4 days and transcription remained suppressed for at least 32 hr. Many of the cells that did progress to metaphase exhibited chromosome damage. Chromate caused the dose-dependent formation of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links, but these were repaired 8 and 24 hr after removal of the treatment, respectively. In contrast, Cr-DNA adducts (up to 1/100 base-pairs) were extremely resistant to repair and were still detectable even 5 days after treatment. Compared with other regions of the genome, DNA-protein cross-links and Cr adducts were preferentially associated with the nuclear matrix DNA of treated cells, which was 4.5-fold enriched in actively transcribed genes. Chromium adducts, formed on DNA in vitro at a similar level to that detected in nuclear matrix DNA, arrested the progression of a DNA polymerase in a sequence-specific manner, possibly through the formation of DNA-DNA cross-links.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 7. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Manning, F C AU - Blankenship, L J AU - Wise, J P AU - Xu, J AU - Bridgewater, L C AU - Patierno, S R AD - Department of Pharmacology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC. PY - 1994 SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Chromium KW - Crosslinking KW - Chromates KW - Adducts KW - Fragmentation KW - Synthesis KW - Carcinogens KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Induction+of+internucleosomal+DNA+fragmentation+by+carcinogenic+chromate%3A+relationship+to+DNA+damage%2C+genotoxicity%2C+and+inhibition+of+macromolecular+synthesis.&rft.au=Manning%2C+F+C%3BBlankenship%2C+L+J%3BWise%2C+J+P%3BXu%2C+J%3BBridgewater%2C+L+C%3BPatierno%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential cytotoxic effects of arsenic on human and animal cells. AN - 36326435; 201002-31-0247277 (CE); 11701618 (EN) AB - Human fibroblasts (HFW) were 10-fold more susceptible than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to sodium arsenite. Comparison of cellular antioxidant enzyme activities showed that CHO-K1 cells contained 3- and 8-fold more glutathione-peroxidase and catalase activities, respectively, than HFW cells. Since vitamin E, methylamine, and benzyl alcohol could prevent, in part, the arsenite-induced killing of HFW cells, we suggest that arsenite can induce oxidative damage in HFW cells. We have also established arsenic-resistant cells, SA7 and CL3R, from CHO cells and from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (CL3), respectively. The arsenic resistance of SA7 cells was attributed mainly to elevation of glutathione S-transferase pi levels, and that of CL3R cells was possibly due to an increase in heme oxygenase activity. Since induction of heme oxygenase is a general response to oxidative stress, we suspect that the differential toxicity of arsenic to human and animal cells could be due to arsenic's more efficient induction of oxidative damage in human cells. Images Figure 5. Figure 6. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lee, T C AU - Ho, I C AD - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. PY - 1994 SP - 101 EP - 105 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Arsenic KW - Human KW - Damage KW - Images KW - Animals KW - Catalase KW - Sodium arsenite KW - Toxicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36326435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Differential+cytotoxic+effects+of+arsenic+on+human+and+animal+cells.&rft.au=Lee%2C+T+C%3BHo%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis in adults AN - 15819478; 4003060 AB - (DBO) JF - American Family Physician Y1 - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DA - Sep 1994 SP - 811 EP - 818 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tuberculosis KW - USA KW - epidemiology KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15819478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+in+adults&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Family+Physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; USA; tuberculosis; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loss of CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 activity as a function of acetaminophen dose: relation to toxicity. AN - 76684591; 8074700 AB - The effect of acetaminophen (APAP) dose on the cytochrome P450s responsible for its bioactivation was examined in control mice and mice treated with acetone to induce CYP2E1, or beta-napthaflavone to induce CYP1A2. In non-induced mice, 150 mg/kg APAP caused minimal hepatotoxicity and loss of CYP2E1- but not CYP1A2-dependent activity. In contrast, 400 mg/kg APAP was hepatotoxic and diminished both CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 activities. In acetone-pretreated mice, the 150 and 400 mg/kg APAP doses caused similar depletion of CYP2E1 activity and similar levels of covalent binding of APAP to liver proteins. In beta-napthaflavone-pretreated mice, CYP1A2 activity was decreased only by the high dose of APAP, and covalent binding was > 2-fold higher at the high APAP dose. The data indicate CYP2E1 is important in the bioactivation of APAP at the low dose with little additional contribution at the high dose, whereas CYP1A2 contributes more to the bioactivation and toxicity APAP at high doses. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Snawder, J E AU - Roe, A L AU - Benson, R W AU - Roberts, D W AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/08/30/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 30 SP - 532 EP - 539 VL - 203 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Benzoflavones KW - 0 KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - beta-Naphthoflavone KW - 6051-87-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating KW - EC 1.5.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Acetone -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Kinetics KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Benzoflavones -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating -- biosynthesis KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity KW - Oxidoreductases -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76684591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Loss+of+CYP2E1+and+CYP1A2+activity+as+a+function+of+acetaminophen+dose%3A+relation+to+toxicity.&rft.au=Snawder%2C+J+E%3BRoe%2C+A+L%3BBenson%2C+R+W%3BRoberts%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Snawder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-08-30&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 Jan 5;206(1):437 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human neurological cancer cells express interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptors which are targets for the toxic effects of IL4-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric protein. AN - 76642765; 8056454 AB - Glioblastoma, glioma or neuroblastoma cells were examined for the expression of IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) by flow cytometric analysis and 125I-IL-4 binding. These cancer cell lines expressed IL-4R which were of high affinity (KD = 700 x 10(-12) M) on glioblastoma cells. To investigate the function of these receptors and to target potent cytotoxic antitumor agents to human neurological cancers, we utilized IL4-PE4E, which is composed of IL-4 and mutant Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE4E). This chimeric molecule was cytotoxic toward human glioblastoma, neuroblastoma and glioma tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of IL4-PE4E was specific, since it was neutralized by excess IL-4, and by an anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody in all types of brain tumor tested. IL2-PE4E and IL6-PE4E were not cytotoxic, nor was an IL4-PE4E mutant lacking ADP-ribosylating activity, indicating the IL4-PE4E-mediated cytotoxicity of the brain tumor cells required both IL-4R binding and enzymatic toxin activity. These data indicate that human neurological cancer cells express IL-4R which are targets for the cytotoxic effects of IL4-toxin. In addition, our data also suggest that IL4-PE4E should be studied further as a potential treatment for human neurological cancers. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Puri, R K AU - Leland, P AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/08/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Aug 15 SP - 574 EP - 581 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Receptors, Mitogen KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Glioblastoma -- metabolism KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Glioma -- metabolism KW - Neuroblastoma -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Mitogen -- metabolism KW - Brain Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76642765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Human+neurological+cancer+cells+express+interleukin-4+%28IL-4%29+receptors+which+are+targets+for+the+toxic+effects+of+IL4-Pseudomonas+exotoxin+chimeric+protein.&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BLeland%2C+P%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-08-15&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality patterns among female and male workers employed in a cable manufacturing plant during World War II. AN - 76912089; 7807266 AB - A cohort mortality study was conducted among 9028 (3042 women, 5986 men) workers potentially exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes (chloracnegens structurally similar to dioxins) and asbestos in the manufacture of Navy cable during World War II. Based on mortality through December 31, 1985, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all cancers was 1.03 in women (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9 to 1.17) and 1.18 in men (95% CI = 1.10 to 1.26). There were no significant elevations in causes of death hypothesized a prior to be associated with chlorinated naphthalene exposure (malignant neoplasms [MN] of connective tissue, liver, and lymphatic and hematopoietic organs). An excess of MN of the connective tissue was suggested for workers with over 1 year of exposure and 25 years of latency (SMR = 3.54; 95% CI = 0.97 to 9.07). Among cancer sites not hypothesized to be related a priori, three showed concordant excesses among both genders (MN of stomach; rectum; and trachea, bronchus, and lung). No significant elevations occurred in hormonally related cancers among women. Cancer mortality among 460 individuals with chloracne (431 men, 29 women) was similar to that of the entire cohort, although the chloracne subcohort showed significant excesses in two rare causes of death (MN of esophagus, SMR = 3.26; "benign and unspecified neoplasms," SMR = 4.93). Use of county referent rates decreased SMRs for stomach, rectal, and buccal cavity cancer, suggesting a role for nonoccupational risk factors. It is difficult to draw conclusions about carcinogenicity of chlorinated naphthalenes because of study limitations, most importantly, concomitant asbestos exposure and the relatively short duration of exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes among most of the cohort. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Ward, E M AU - Ruder, A M AU - Suruda, A AU - Smith, A B AU - Halperin, W AU - Fessler, C A AU - Zahm, S H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1988. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 860 EP - 866 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Naphthalenes KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Warfare KW - Women, Working KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Chlorine -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Acne Vulgaris -- chemically induced KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Naphthalenes -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76912089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+patterns+among+female+and+male+workers+employed+in+a+cable+manufacturing+plant+during+World+War+II.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BSuruda%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+A+B%3BHalperin%2C+W%3BFessler%2C+C+A%3BZahm%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in female and male dry-cleaning workers. AN - 76910403; 7807267 AB - A cohort study of dry-cleaning workers (1109 women, 592 men) in the mid-1980s revealed significant excess bladder cancer mortality. This article updates vital status through 1990. Significant excesses were seen for bladder cancer (nine deaths, standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-4.82), esophageal cancer (10 deaths, SMR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.02-3.94), and intestinal cancer (26 deaths, SMR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.02-2.29). In a subcohort exposed only to perchloroethylene (PCE), those with 5 or more years of employment and 20 or more years since first exposure had a significant increased risk of esophageal cancer (four deaths, SMR = 7.17, 95% CI = 1.92-19.82). Women had significant excess esophageal cancer (five deaths, SMR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.05-7.58) and elevated SMRs for intestinal, pancreatic, and bladder cancer mortality. This study confirms the esophageal cancer risk among dry-cleaning workers seen in another study and suggests an association with PCE. It further documents the risks for intestinal, pancreatic, and bladder cancers in this industry. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Ruder, A M AU - Ward, E M AU - Brown, D P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 867 EP - 874 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Women, Working KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Intestinal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Laundering KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76910403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+female+and+male+dry-cleaning+workers.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+A+M%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BBrown%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal neuroleptic exposure and growth stunting in the rat: an in vivo and in vitro examination of sensitive periods and possible mechanisms. AN - 76901720; 7801300 AB - There is increasing evidence that a number of neurotransmitters can play a trophic role in the development of the central nervous system. Dopamine is one candidate for this role. In a series of papers, Lewis, Patel, and colleagues have demonstrated that exposure to compounds which interfere with dopaminergic neurotransmission ("neuroleptics") can block cell proliferation in the brains of 11-day-old rat pups for at least 24 hr. More recently our laboratory has reported that prenatal exposure to haloperidol (HAL), a neuroleptic which binds to and blocks dopamine receptor sites in the adult brain, permanently stunts body and brain growth when that exposure extends throughout postimplantation pregnancy. Reported here are the results of two experiments conducted to further examine this phenomenon. The first experiment attempted to identify sensitive gestational periods for the HAL effect on growth in vivo. This experiment also assessed the effect of exposure to reserpine (RES), a compound which in the adult blocks dopaminergic neurotransmission by rupturing monoamine storage vesicles, an effect which is quite distinct from the HAL mechanism of action. In a second experiment, gestational day (GD) 9 embryos were exposed in vitro for 48 hr to either HAL, RES, or one of two specific blockers of dopamine receptor subtypes. Schering 23390 (SCH) was used as the D1 blocker, and sulpiride (SULP) as the D2 blocker. The in vivo experiment showed that twice-daily exposure to subcutaneous injections of HAL (5 mg/kg for each of the 2 injections) or RES (0.1 mg/kg for each injection) permanently stunted brain growth when injections were given in midpregnancy (GD 12-16), but not in late pregnancy (GD 16-20). RES was substantially more fetotoxic than HAL, especially late in pregnancy. The growth stunting produced by either compound with GD 12-16 exposure was not restricted to dopamine-rich areas of the brain, or indeed to the brain itself, in that body weight was also depressed. Pair-fed controls did not show the same magnitude or duration of stunting, indicating that this effect was not due to drug-induced maternal hypophagia. The in vitro experiment revealed that exposure to micromolar concentrations of any of the 4 neuroleptics reduced embryonic GD 11 DNA and protein content and delayed development. HAL and SCH had the most pronounced effects at concentrations close to blood levels reportedly produced by exposure to doses used in the in vivo experiments. RES was less potent, and SULP still less potent than RES.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Teratology AU - Holson, R R AU - Webb, P J AU - Grafton, T F AU - Hansen, D K AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 125 EP - 136 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzazepines KW - Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 KW - Teratogens KW - Sulpiride KW - 7MNE9M8287 KW - Reserpine KW - 8B1QWR724A KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Gestational Age KW - Haloperidol -- toxicity KW - Pregnancy KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Sulpiride -- toxicity KW - Benzazepines -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Reserpine -- toxicity KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Brain -- abnormalities KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76901720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+neuroleptic+exposure+and+growth+stunting+in+the+rat%3A+an+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+examination+of+sensitive+periods+and+possible+mechanisms.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BWebb%2C+P+J%3BGrafton%2C+T+F%3BHansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute behavioral effects of MK-801 in rhesus monkeys: assessment using an operant test battery. AN - 76850857; 7972299 AB - The acute effects of MK-801, a selective, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, were assessed using an operant test battery (OTB) of complex food-reinforced tasks that are thought to depend upon relatively specific brain functions such as motivation to work for food (progressive ratio, PR), learning (incremental repeated acquisition, IRA), color and position discrimination (conditioned position responding, CPR), time estimation (temporal response differentiation, TRD), and short-term memory and attention (delayed matching-to-sample, DMTS). Endpoints included response rates (RR), accuracies (ACC), and percent task completed (PTC). MK-801 (0.003-0.075 mg/kg, IV), given 15 min pretesting, produced significant dose-dependent decreases in measures of IRA and TRD performance at doses > or = 0.03 mg/kg. In both tasks, MK-801 produced significant decreases in accuracy at doses lower than those required to affect response rate. MK-801 also produced statistically significant decreases in PR, CPR, and DMTS measures, but only at higher doses (> or = 0.056 mg/kg) that caused significant decreases in both response rates and accuracies. These results indicate that, in monkeys, performance of operant tasks designed to model learning and time estimation is more sensitive to the disruptive effects of MK-801 than performance of tasks that model motivation, color, and position discrimination, and short-term memory and attention. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Buffalo, E A AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 935 EP - 940 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - 0 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Motivation KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76850857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+effects+of+MK-801+in+rhesus+monkeys%3A+assessment+using+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Buffalo%2C+E+A%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Buffalo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An approach for estimating workplace exposure to o-toluidine, aniline, and nitrobenzene. AN - 76772475; 7942510 AB - A comprehensive approach to estimating worker exposure to o-toluidine, aniline, and nitrobenzene using a combination of surface wipe, dermal badge, and air samples is described. Desorption of each sample was accomplished with ethanol followed by analyses using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Analyte recovery was maximized when the gauze wipes and dermal badges were immediately desorbed in ethanol after sample collection. Sample collection of the airborne analytes was improved over previous solid sorbent samples by using a sampling train consisting of an acid-treated glass fiber filter in series with a large capacity silica gel tube (520/260 mg). The greatest recoveries of aniline and o-toluidine were from the acid-treated glass fiber filters and nitrobenzene from the large capacity silica gel sorbent tubes. The limit of detection for each analyte (1 micrograms) was approximately 10 times more sensitive than reported in previous National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health methods. Analyte recoveries for air samples were greatest under conditions of moderate relative humidity (53%), moderate sample volumes (< 50 L), and low flow rates (0.2 L/min). The overall relative standard deviation of the analytical method was 4.3%. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Pendergrass, S M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 733 EP - 737 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - Toluidines KW - 2-toluidine KW - B635MZ0ZLU KW - nitrobenzene KW - E57JCN6SSY KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76772475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+approach+for+estimating+workplace+exposure+to+o-toluidine%2C+aniline%2C+and+nitrobenzene.&rft.au=Pendergrass%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Pendergrass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonuniform air flow in inlets: the effect on filter deposits in the fiber sampling cassette. AN - 76771944; 7942509 AB - Smoke stream studies were combined with a new technique for visualizing a filter deposit from samples used to monitor asbestos or other fibers. Results clearly show the effect of secondary flow vortices within the sampler under anisoaxial sampling conditions. The vortices observed at low wind velocities occur when the inlet axis is situated at angles between 45 degrees and 180 degrees to the motion of the surrounding air. It is demonstrated that the vortices can create a complex nonuniform pattern in the filter deposit, especially when combined with particle settling or electrostatic interactions between the particles and the sampler. Inertial effects also may play a role in the deposit nonuniformity, as well as causing deposition on the cowl surfaces. Changes in the sampler, such as its placement, may reduce these biases. The effects noted are not likely to occur in all sampling situations, but may explain some reports of high variability on asbestos fiber filter samples. The flow patterns observed in this study are applicable to straight, thin-walled inlets. Although only compact particles were used, the air flow patterns and forces involved will have similar effects on fibers of the same aerodynamic diameter. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Baron, P A AU - Chen, C C AU - Hemenway, D R AU - O'Shaughnessy, P AD - Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 722 EP - 732 VL - 55 IS - 8 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Particle Size KW - Atmosphere Exposure Chambers KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76771944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Nonuniform+air+flow+in+inlets%3A+the+effect+on+filter+deposits+in+the+fiber+sampling+cassette.&rft.au=Baron%2C+P+A%3BChen%2C+C+C%3BHemenway%2C+D+R%3BO%27Shaughnessy%2C+P&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=722&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 76641697; 8057499 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. PY - 1994 SP - 582 VL - 272 IS - 8 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Stavudine KW - BO9LE4QFZF KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Causality KW - Vibrio Infections -- prevention & control KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Vibrio Infections -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Drugs, Investigational -- therapeutic use KW - Stavudine -- therapeutic use KW - Foodborne Diseases -- mortality KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Professional Staff Committees -- standards KW - Seafood -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76641697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation pathway for the formation of DNA adducts of the carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in rat extrahepatic tissues. AN - 76640463; 8055652 AB - The food-borne mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induces tumors in colon of male rats and has been implicated in the etiology of human cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. This study was conducted to examine: (1) the biliary and/or circulatory transport of N-hydroxy-PhIP and its N-glucuronides, N-sulfonyloxy-PhIP and N-acetoxy-PhIP; (2) their role as proximate and ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of PhIP; (3) the potential role of glutathione in modulating PhIP-DNA adduct formation. PhIP-DNA adducts, measured by the 32P-postlabeling method, were highest in the pancreas (361 adducts/10(8) nucleotides or 100%), followed by colon (56%), lung (28%), heart (27%) and liver (2%), at 24 h after a single oral dose of PhIP (220 mumol/kg) to male rats. In each tissue examined, we observed two major adducts, each of which accounted for 35-45% of the total, and one minor adduct, which represented about 10-20% of the total. One of the major adducts was identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine by chromatographic comparisons with an authentic standard. The major urinary metabolites of PhIP in these rats were 4'-hydroxy-PhIP and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, followed by N-hydroxy-PhIP N3-glucuronide, N-hydroxy-PhIP N2-glucuronide and unchanged PhIP. In bile duct-ligated rats, the urinary excretion of the N-OH-PhIP N3-glucuronide was increased two-fold, but there was no effect on PhIP-DNA adduct formation in the colon, heart, lung, pancreas or liver. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitrophenol, which strongly inhibits arylsulfo-transferase-mediated DNA binding in vivo, had no effect on PhIP-DNA adduct levels in liver or in extrahepatic tissues. Pretreatment of rats with buthionine sulfoximine, which results in hepatic glutathione depletion, caused a five-fold increase in adduct formation in the liver. Intravenous administration (10 mumol/kg) of N-hydroxy-PhIP and N-acetoxy-PhIP each led to high levels of PhIP-DNA adducts in each of the extrahepatic tissues examined. Adduct levels ranged from two- to six-fold higher (for N-hydroxy-PhIP) and four- to 28-fold higher (for N-acetoxy-PhIP) as compared to that after an i.v. dose of the parent compound, indicating that these two bioactivated derivatives of PhIP are sufficiently stable to be transported through the circulation to extrahepatic tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Minchin, R F AU - Mulder, G J AU - Ilett, K F AU - Daugaard-Jenson, M AU - Teitel, C H AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1703 EP - 1709 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - Mutagens KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Biotransformation KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- administration & dosage KW - DNA -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76640463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+pathway+for+the+formation+of+DNA+adducts+of+the+carcinogen+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+%28PhIP%29+in+rat+extrahepatic+tissues.&rft.au=Kaderlik%2C+K+R%3BMinchin%2C+R+F%3BMulder%2C+G+J%3BIlett%2C+K+F%3BDaugaard-Jenson%2C+M%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kaderlik&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucuronidation of N-hydroxy heterocyclic amines by human and rat liver microsomes. AN - 76639183; 8055651 AB - The food-borne carcinogenic and mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amines undergo bioactivation to the corresponding N-hydroxy (OH)-arylamines and the subsequent N-glucuronidation of these metabolites is regarded as an important detoxification reaction. In this study, the rates of glucuronidation for the N-OH derivatives of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) by liver microsomal glucuronosyltransferase were compared to that of the proximate human urinary bladder carcinogen, N-OH-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP) and the proximate rat colon carcinogen N-OH-3,2'-dimethyl-4-amino-biphenyl (N-OH-DMABP). Human liver microsomes catalyzed the uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA)-dependent glucuroidation of N-OH-IQ, N-OH-PhIP, N-OH-Glu-P-1 and N-OH-MeIQx at rates of 59%, 42%, 35% and 27%, respectively, of that measured for N-OH-ABP (11.5 nmol/min/mg). Rat liver microsomes also catalyzed the UDPGA-dependent glucuronidation of N-OH-PhIP, N-OH-Glu-P-1 and N-OH-IQ at rates of 30%, 20% and 10%, respectively of that measured for N-OH-DMABP (11.2 nmol/min/mg); activity towards N-OH-MeIQx was not detected. Two glucuronide(s) of N-OH-PhIP, designated I and II, were separated by HPLC. Conjugate II was found to be chromatographically and spectrally identical with a previously reported major biliary metabolite of PhIP in the rat, while conjugate I was identical with a major urinary metabolite of PhIP in the dog. Hepatic microsomes from rat, dog and human were found to catalyze the formation of both conjugates. The rat preferentially formed conjugate II (I to II ratio of 1:15), while the dog and human formed higher relative amounts of conjugate I (I to II ratio of 2.5:1.0 and 1.3:1.0 respectively). Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of conjugates I and II gave the corresponding molecular ions and showed nearly identical primary spectra. However, collision-induced spectra were distinct and were consistent with the identity of conjugates I and II as structural isomers. Moreover, the UV spectrum of conjugate I exhibited a lambda max at 317 nm and was essentially identical to that of N-OH-PhIP, while conjugate II was markedly different with a lambda max of 331 nm. Both conjugates were stable in 0.1 N HCl and were resistant to hydrolysis by rat, dog and human liver microsomal beta-glucuronidases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Mulder, G J AU - Turesky, R J AU - Lang, N P AU - Teitel, C H AU - Chiarelli, M P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1695 EP - 1701 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Glucuronates KW - 0 KW - Imidazoles KW - Mutagens KW - Quinolines KW - Quinoxalines KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole KW - 67730-11-4 KW - 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline KW - 77500-04-0 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Dogs KW - Male KW - Quinolines -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Quinoxalines -- metabolism KW - Glucuronates -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76639183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Glucuronidation+of+N-hydroxy+heterocyclic+amines+by+human+and+rat+liver+microsomes.&rft.au=Kaderlik%2C+K+R%3BMulder%2C+G+J%3BTuresky%2C+R+J%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BChiarelli%2C+M+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kaderlik&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of glutathione depletion and inhibition of glucuronidation and sulfation on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) metabolism, PhIP-DNA adduct formation and unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes. AN - 76635300; 8055653 AB - The potent rat colon carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), unlike other food-borne heterocyclic amines, does not induce tumors in rat liver. This correlates with an extremely low level of PhIP-DNA adducts formed in this tissue, and together these observations suggest that PhIP is efficiently detoxified in the liver. In order to identify possible detoxification mechanisms, we assessed the effect of inhibition of glucuronidation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and sulfation on PhIP metabolism and PhIP-induced DNA damage in rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes isolated from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254 metabolized PhIP to the same products found in vivo. N-Hydroxy-PhIP N3-glucuronide and N-hydroxy-PhIP N2-glucuronide were major and minor metabolites respectively. 32P-Postlabeling analysis of DNA from the PhIP-treated hepatocytes indicated the presence of two major adducts, one of which was identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-PhIP, and one minor adduct. There was no unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in these cells. However, pretreatment of the hepatocytes with 1-bromoheptane and buthionine sulfoximine, which depletes GSH and prevents its resynthesis, resulted in a 15-fold increase in the formation of PhIP-DNA adducts, as well as in a high level of UDS. GSH depletion had no effect on the formation of detectable PhIP metabolites. Hepatocyte pretreatment with D-galactosamine, which inhibits glucuronidation, increased the formation of DNA adducts two-fold and UDS was increased similarly. D-Galactosamine decreased the formation of the two N-glucuronides of N-hydroxy-PhIP by 50-60%, but had no effect on other metabolites. Pentachlorophenol, which strongly inhibits sulfotransferases, decreased adduct formation slightly, but had essentially no effect on UDS or on the formation of PhIP metabolites. These results indicate that metabolic conjugation pathways involving GSH and glucuronidation may play an important role in protecting rat liver against PhIP carcinogenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Mulder, G J AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Casciano, D A AU - Teitel, C H AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 1711 EP - 1716 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Glucuronates KW - Imidazoles KW - Mutagens KW - Sulfates KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Sulfates -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Biotransformation KW - Glucuronates -- metabolism KW - Male KW - DNA Repair KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76635300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Effect+of+glutathione+depletion+and+inhibition+of+glucuronidation+and+sulfation+on+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+%28PhIP%29+metabolism%2C+PhIP-DNA+adduct+formation+and+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis+in+primary+rat+hepatocytes.&rft.au=Kaderlik%2C+K+R%3BMulder%2C+G+J%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kaderlik&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Rural Communities. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62647476; ED389494 AB - This guide lists resources and other materials for implementing drug and alcohol prevention programs in rural communities. Materials and resources focus on community, school, and parent education programs. The first section lists 24 prevention materials, including videos, booklets, curricula, books, posters, and newsletters. Each listing includes the name of the organization that developed the material, the year it was developed, a brief description, target audience, setting, and availability information. The second section includes 33 studies, articles, and reports on rural communities, including government publications. Each listing includes title, author, availability information, and an abstract. The last section lists the names and addresses of 37 organizations and programs related to rural communities in general or to drug and alcohol prevention in rural areas. (LP) AU - Zuckerman, Karen Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 31 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parent Education KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Rural Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Education KW - Rural Areas KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Resource Materials KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - Research KW - Government Publications KW - Annotated Bibliographies KW - Drug Use KW - Parent Education KW - Drinking KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Rural Education KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Education KW - Rural Areas KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Resource Materials KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - Research KW - Government Publications KW - Annotated Bibliographies KW - Drug Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62647476?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Culturally Competent HIV Counseling and Education. First Edition. AN - 62633491; ED388664 AB - This manual is designed to aid health care practitioners in providing culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) education, counseling, and care. Cultural competency is defined as the ability to work effectively with culturally diverse clients and communities because the individual agency or system exhibits culturally appropriate attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and policies. It goes beyond cultural sensitivity or awareness to put into practice culturally appropriate interventions and ways of relating. The manual consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 clarifies cultural terminology. Chapter 2 provides nine self-assessment exercises for individuals concerning cultural competency. Chapter 3 outlines eight steps in providing culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS educational interventions. Chapter 4 examines culturally appropriate HIV counseling. Chapter 5 discusses providing culturally specific HIV counseling, education, and care for African American, Latino/Hispanic, Native American, and Asian American populations. Chapter 6 explores organizational cultural competency, providing worksheets and exercises for assessment of organizations. Appendices include a model of a cultural competence continuum, a list of resources and references, a list of relevant organizations, and guidelines for developing printed materials. (Contains 27 references.) (ND) AU - Randall-David, Elizabeth Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - August 1994 SP - 102 PB - Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse, 8201 Greensboro Dr., McLean, VA 22102. KW - Cultural Competence KW - Health Counseling KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Self Evaluation (Individuals) KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Adults KW - Health Education KW - American Indians KW - Minority Groups KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Health Personnel KW - Cultural Differences KW - Asian Americans KW - Self Evaluation (Groups) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62633491?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared in conjunction with the Comprehensive Hem N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Disaster response and recovery: a handbook for mental health professionals T2 - DHHS publication AN - 42401215; 12964 AB - The goal of this publication is to capture, codify, and present in an easily readable fashion the ideas, knowledge, and experience of those individuals who have had direct experience with planning and administering Crisis Counseling programs. It is intended to be a "how to" document on basic, practical issues related to planning and implementing disaster mental health services. This book has been written with the assumption that the reader may have little or no previous experience with disaster mental health services. It provides specific, concrete information for managers who are involved in planning services as well as practitioners who are delivering services. Most chapters include a checklist of actions to take before, during, and after a disaster to help staff in carrying out important actions. [Adapted from Foreword] JF - [Rockville, Maryland]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, August 1994. 144 pp. AU - Myers, Diane Garaventa PY - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 144 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration KW - Americans KW - Disasters KW - Government Policy Making KW - Survivors KW - Victim Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42401215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PILOTS%3A+Published+International+Literature+On+Traumatic+Stress&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Myers%2C+Diane+Garaventa&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Disaster+response+and+recovery%3A+a+handbook+for+mental+health+professionals&rft.title=Disaster+response+and+recovery%3A+a+handbook+for+mental+health+professionals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PILOTS: Published International Literature On Traumatic Stress N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-15 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide exposure during greenhouse applications, part II. Chemical permeation through protective clothing in contact with treated foliage AN - 15854000; 4015267 AB - Protective clothing performance during greenhouse high pressure handspray applications was evaluated with particular reference to the hazard of contact with wet or treated foliage. A fluorescent compound was added to the applicator's spray tank prior to work and served as a surrogate for the pesticides being sprayed. Video-imaging analysis was conducted to determine deposition patterns of the fluorescent tracer on skin, and a modified patch technique was employed outside and inside the protective garment. Four garments constructed of nonwoven, chemical-resistant fabric were tested in an initial study (Tyvek super() , Saranex 23-p Tyvek, Comfort-gardII, Kleenguard). All garments exhibited chemical breakthrough after a 1-hour application period. Garments with special treatments to enhance chemical resistance exhibited relatively low levels of breakthrough, whereas garments without such treatment allowed substantial breakthrough. These results prompted an additional study aimed at determining the breakthrough time for the untreated garments (Tyvek, Kleenguard). Breakthrough for both garments occurred between 5 and 15 minutes following the start of application. This study also indicated that results from patch sampling can be misleading if care is not taken in the specific placement of the patches on subjects. It was concluded that none of the garments can be considered chemical resistant under the use conditions observed. Contact with treated foliage represents a special hazard during greenhouse applications, and many chemical protective clothing products in current use are inadequate for worker protection (DBO). JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Methner, M M AU - Fenske, R A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R19, Cincinnati, Oh 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 567 EP - 574 VL - 9 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - sprays KW - chemicals KW - skin KW - indoor environments KW - occupational exposure KW - protective clothing KW - pesticides KW - H SE5.13:INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND CONTROLS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15854000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Pesticide+exposure+during+greenhouse+applications%2C+part+II.+Chemical+permeation+through+protective+clothing+in+contact+with+treated+foliage&rft.au=Methner%2C+M+M%3BFenske%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Methner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; occupational exposure; indoor environments; protective clothing; sprays; chemicals; skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide exposure during greenhouse applications, part 1. Dermal exposure reduction due to directional ventilation and worker training AN - 15851348; 4015268 AB - Workers conducted benchtop handgunning spray operations in a commercial greenhouse in Florida with the ventilation system either on or off. Five workers were experienced applicators, while four had little or no previous application experience. Applications were conducted for 1 hour with a fluorescent tracer substituted for pesticides in an aqueous mixture. Dermal exposure was monitored by video imaging and by patches attached to the arms and legs. The greenhouse ventilation system produced strong unidirectional air movement (>5 m/s) and therefore had a pronounced effect on the aerosol drift pattern generated during application. Both video-imaging analysis and patch sampling indicated that when spraying occurred with ventilation on rather than off, exposure was reduced for experienced applicators, but increased for inexperienced applicators. Average exposure reductions due to ventilation for the experienced applicators were 63 and 83 percent for the upper arms, and 74 and 94 percent for the upper legs, as measured by video imaging and patches, respectively. When ventilation was in operation inexperienced applicators exhibited a tenfold to thirtyfold increase in exposure compared with the experienced applicators, whereas no difference was observed between the two groups with ventilation off. These results indicate that experienced applicators can employ strong unidirectional ventilation to their advantage by remaining upwind of the aerosol drift pattern, and that such behavior can reduce exposure dramatically during greenhouse handgunning applications. Greenhouse applicators can benefit substantially from training which includes proper instruction regarding ventilation under working conditions similar to those examined in this study (DBO). JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Methner, M M AU - Fenske, R A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R19, Cincinnati, Oh 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1994/08// PY - 1994 DA - Aug 1994 SP - 560 EP - 566 VL - 9 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - sprays KW - skin KW - training KW - ventilation KW - indoor environments KW - occupational exposure KW - aerosols KW - pesticides KW - H SE5.13:INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND CONTROLS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15851348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Pesticide+exposure+during+greenhouse+applications%2C+part+1.+Dermal+exposure+reduction+due+to+directional+ventilation+and+worker+training&rft.au=Methner%2C+M+M%3BFenske%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Methner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; occupational exposure; indoor environments; ventilation; training; sprays; aerosols; skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anticipated regulatory enforcement. AN - 76749589; 7928608 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Mitchell, B AD - Office of Surveillance and Compliance, FDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1994/07/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jul 15 SP - 299 VL - 205 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug Residues KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Drug Compounding -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76749589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Anticipated+regulatory+enforcement.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+B&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-07-15&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational hazards to male reproduction. AN - 77712975; 7831589 AB - Since the field of reproductive toxicology was firmly established a generation ago, various approaches have been used to study toxicologic effects. The authors detail the reproductive effects that have been observed in a number of population-based studies, case-control studies, standardized fertility ratio studies, cohort studies, and clinical studies. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Schrader, S M AU - Kanitz, M H AD - Functional Toxicology Section (SMS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Robert A. Taft Laboratories Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. PY - 1994 SP - 405 EP - 414 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Reproduction -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77712975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Occupational+hazards+to+male+reproduction.&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BKanitz%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1995-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phencyclidine and (+)-MK-801-induced circling preference: correlation with monoamine levels in striatum of the rat brain. AN - 76830247; 7968937 AB - Phencyclidine (PCP; angel dust) is a drug of abuse known to produce a behavioral state in humans resembling schizophrenia/psychosis. PCP is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and produces a variety of behaviors in rats including circling. The behavioral effects of other noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists such as (+)-MK-801 are still being elucidated. Here, adult female rats were dosed with PCP (10 mg/kg, IP), or (+)-MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, IP) and circling preference was recorded for 2 h before sacrifice to determine monoamine levels by HPLC/EC. Animals injected with PCP or (+)-MK-801 showed a preference to turn to the left (65% and 72%, respectively). PCP and (+)-MK-801 also produced a significant increase of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in whole striatum on both sides of the brain. Further dissection of the striatum into medioventral and dorsolateral regions revealed that HVA was increased bilaterally except in globus pallidus where we found significant increases in dopamine (DA), DOPAC, and HVA only on the left side after PCP and (+)-MK-801 administration. These data suggest that PCP and (+)-MK-801 produce a greater preference to turn left than right, a finding similar to that found in human psychosis. Furthermore, it is possible that this preference to turn toward the left hemispace is due to an asymmetry in dopamine function found in the globus pallidus after administration of PCP and similar drugs. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ali, S F AU - Newport, G D AU - Bracha, H S AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079. PY - 1994 SP - 335 EP - 342 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Phencyclidine -- toxicity KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- toxicity KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Stereotyped Behavior -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- pathology KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76830247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Phencyclidine+and+%28%2B%29-MK-801-induced+circling+preference%3A+correlation+with+monoamine+levels+in+striatum+of+the+rat+brain.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BBracha%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of methylazoxymethanol-induced micrencephaly on temporal response differentiation and progressive ratio responding in rats. AN - 76790444; 7945149 AB - Micrencephalic Sprague-Dawley rats were produced by an injection of 20 mg/kg methylazoxymethanol acetate on gestational Day 14. Brain weights of the offspring were 70% of controls while weights of frontal cortex and hippocampus were approximately 58% (Ferguson, Racey, Paule, & Holson, 1993). Operant performance was measured with particular emphasis on assessment of time estimation. The temporal response differentiation (TRD) and the progressive ratio (PR) tasks, previously used in the NCTR operant test battery for monkeys, were chosen for evaluation. The TRD schedule is notably different from other temporal tasks in that it requires subjects to initiate and maintain a lever press for 10-14 s. The PR task was included as a measure of motivation to work for food reinforces. Micrencephalics acquired and performed both tasks comparably to controls. During extinction, however, micrencephalics exhibited an increased TRD lever hold duration. This suggests an atypical response perservation, that is, perseverating the previously correct response. Previously, frontal cortical alterations were suggested to contribute heavily to micrencephalic-induced behavioral alterations (Ferguson et al., 1993). This study provides further evidence that response perseveration, a hallmark of frontal cortical lesions, is expressed in micrencephalic rats. JF - Behavioral and neural biology AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Holson, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 77 EP - 81 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0163-1047, 0163-1047 KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - methylazoxymethanol KW - JGG19N3YDQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - Frontal Lobe -- physiology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Microcephaly -- chemically induced KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76790444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+neural+biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+methylazoxymethanol-induced+micrencephaly+on+temporal+response+differentiation+and+progressive+ratio+responding+in+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+and+neural+biology&rft.issn=01631047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intervention research in occupational health and safety. AN - 76759268; 7931743 AB - This paper reviews occupational health and safety intervention studies published between 1988 and 1993 to gauge the nature and extent of research in this area. Generally, the studies often lacked a theoretical basis, used small samples, and tested interventions lacking the intensity to cause the desired change. Most designs were either nonexperimental or quasi-experimental with uncontrolled sources of bias. Recommendations for future research include methods of minimizing the problems and biases caused by these weaknesses. Nonmethodological issues such as the costs of implementing interventions and the cultural and political dimensions of the workplace are also addressed. Although many methodological issues associated with field-based research are not easily addressed, researchers should make a stronger attempt to address these issues if the field of occupational health and safety intervention research is to be productive. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Goldenhar, L M AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 763 EP - 775 VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76759268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Intervention+research+in+occupational+health+and+safety.&rft.au=Goldenhar%2C+L+M%3BSchulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Goldenhar&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case-control study of mesothelioma and employment in the Hawaii sugarcane industry. AN - 76728905; 7918819 AB - We conducted a case-control study of 93 mesothelioma cases and 281 cancer controls to determine whether sugarcane workers exposed to biogenic silica fibers were at increased risk of mesothelioma. We found no important excess risk of mesothelioma in sugarcane workers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4-3.8] when we excluded all control subjects with cancer of sites suspected of being associated with asbestos exposure. We could not identify any sugarcane workers who developed mesothelioma and worked in jobs where high exposure levels of biogenic silica fibers have been measured. We did confirm that mesothelioma risk in Hawaii is associated with probable occupational asbestos exposure. Work at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard was associated with a 10-fold increase in mesothelioma when we excluded controls with cancer of sites related to asbestos exposure (OR = 10.1; 95% CI = 2.6-56.6). Work in the medical industry was also associated with an unexpected increased risk for mesothelioma (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.2-15.5). JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Sinks, T AU - Goodman, M T AU - Kolonel, L N AU - Anderson, B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 466 EP - 468 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Hawaii -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Mesothelioma -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76728905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=A+case-control+study+of+mesothelioma+and+employment+in+the+Hawaii+sugarcane+industry.&rft.au=Sinks%2C+T%3BGoodman%2C+M+T%3BKolonel%2C+L+N%3BAnderson%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sinks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capillary zone electrophoretic determination of histamine in fish. AN - 76682014; 8069116 AB - Histamine, the principal causative agent in scombroid food poisoning, was analyzed in seafood by a new, rapid, and sensitive method using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with UV detection at 210 nm. Incurred histamine in methanolic fish extracts migrated within 4 min in a fused silica capillary filled with 0.02 M citrate buffer, pH 2.5, under an applied potential of 375 V/cm. The analytical response was linear from 0.5 to 100 ppm histamine (correlation coefficient, r = 0.999). The coefficients of variation for migration time and peak area response were < 1 and < 3%, respectively. Recovery of histamine in fortified fish composites was satisfactory. CZE was considered for alternative application in seafood speciation. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Mopper, B AU - Sciacchitano, C J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Northeast Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11232-1593. PY - 1994 SP - 881 EP - 884 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Histamine KW - 820484N8I3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Tuna KW - Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Histamine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76682014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Capillary+zone+electrophoretic+determination+of+histamine+in+fish.&rft.au=Mopper%2C+B%3BSciacchitano%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mopper&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SFE with GC and MS determination of safrole and related allylbenzenes in sassafras teas. AN - 76669588; 8063885 AB - Safrole (4-allyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene), a natural plant component of the aromatic oil of sassafras root bark, possesses carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. Legal restrictions have been placed on safrole as a food additive. However, sassafras teas continue to be accessible from health food establishments in the United States. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) determination is utilized in the formulation of a rapid, accurate, and specific method for the determination of safrole and related allylbenzenes in unbrewed sassafras teas. Samples are extracted in a static-dynamic mode with CO2 at 690 bar and 80 degrees C with methanol as an extractor-added modifier. Levels of safrole exceeding 10,000 mg/kg (1.0%) are commonly encountered. Lesser amounts of other allylbenzenes, including eugenol and 4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene, are also reported. Recoveries of safrole and related compounds from previously extracted tea samples fortified at 100 and 1000 mg/kg ranged from 96 to 101%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Heikes, D L AD - Total Diet Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Lenexa, Kansas 66285-5905. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Safrole KW - RSB34337V9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- analysis KW - Safrole -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76669588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=SFE+with+GC+and+MS+determination+of+safrole+and+related+allylbenzenes+in+sassafras+teas.&rft.au=Heikes%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Heikes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening procedure for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in eggs using a solid-phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatographic detection. AN - 76668391; 8069110 AB - A solid-phase extraction (SPE) screening procedure for the isolation and gas chromatographic (GC) determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in eggs is described. Eggs are extracted with acetonitrile. The extract is subjected to a cleanup on tandem C18 and Florisil SPE columns. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues are determined by GC with electron capture and flame photometric detection, respectively. Because the injected extracts are free from matrix interferences, the amount of residue present is easy to calculate. The average recoveries of 9 spiked organochlorine pesticide residues (0.01-1.0 ppm) ranged from 80.9 to 91.1%. The average recoveries of 7 spiked organophosphorus pesticide residues (0.02-0.50 ppm) ranged from 80.3 to 89.5%. The SPE method results in a 90% reduction in organic solvent consumption and an 85% reduction in hazardous waste production compared with the AOAC methodology. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, F J AU - Wagner, R AU - Hennessy, M K AU - Okrasinski, J L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District, MD 21201. PY - 1994 SP - 1036 EP - 1040 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Time Factors KW - Pesticide Residues -- isolation & purification KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76668391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Screening+procedure+for+organochlorine+and+organophosphorus+pesticide+residues+in+eggs+using+a+solid-phase+extraction+cleanup+and+gas+chromatographic+detection.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BWagner%2C+R%3BHennessy%2C+M+K%3BOkrasinski%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships of DNA adduct formation, K-ras activating mutations and tumorigenic activities of 6-nitrochrysene and its metabolites in the lungs of CD-1 mice. AN - 76610444; 8033314 AB - 6-Nitrochrysene (6-NC), an environmental pollutant and a potent mouse lung carcinogen, is activated by two major metabolic pathways to yield DNA adducts derived from either trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene (1,2-DHD-6-AC) or N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene (N-OH-6-AC). While the former pathway has been shown to be the major activation pathway leading to DNA adducts in mice treated with 6-NC, the potential contribution of the minor nitroreduction pathway to tumorigenicity in this system is not clear. To evaluate the roles of these activation pathways and the resulting DNA adducts in mouse lung tumorigenesis, we studied DNA adduct formation, the induction of tumors and tumor K-ras mutational spectra in the lungs of male CD-1 mice treated with 6-NC and its metabolites. 6-NC, 6-AC and 1,2-DHD-6-AC produced predominantly a single chromatographically identical dG adduct, and 6-nitrosochrysene (6-NOC) gave a single major adduct that was most likely derived from reaction at the C8 position of deoxyadenosine. 6-NC-, 1,2-DHD-6-AC- and 6-NOC-treated mice developed both adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the lung, whereas only lung adenomas were observed in 6-AC-treated animals. K-ras mutations in adenomas resulting from 6-NC and its metabolites were primarily at G:C basepairs in codons 12 and 13, while adenocarcinomas had K-ras mutations distributed between codons 12, 13 and 61, and involved both G:C and A:T basepairs. The K-ras mutational spectra in codons 12 and 13 were similar in both adenomas and adenocarcinomas whereas a higher percentage of mutations at A:T in codon 61 was found in adenocarcinomas. These results support the conclusion that the 1,2-DHD-6-AC-derived adduct is associated with both adenoma and adenocarcinoma formation and is the primary lesion involved in the induction of mouse lung tumors by 6-NC. The major adduct detected after 6-NOC treatment, which is derived from N-OH-6-AC, is apparently less efficient as an inducer of mouse lung tumors and is associated more specifically with adenocarcinoma formation. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Li, E E AU - Heflich, R H AU - Bucci, T J AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Blaydes, B S AU - Delclos, K B AD - Division of Biochemical, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 1377 EP - 1385 VL - 15 IS - 7 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - K-ras KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Adenocarcinoma -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Genes, ras KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76610444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Relationships+of+DNA+adduct+formation%2C+K-ras+activating+mutations+and+tumorigenic+activities+of+6-nitrochrysene+and+its+metabolites+in+the+lungs+of+CD-1+mice.&rft.au=Li%2C+E+E%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BBlaydes%2C+B+S%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - K-ras N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical and scientific developments in exposure marker methodology. AN - 76561643; 8013122 AB - Recent advances in techniques to measure markers of exposure to environmental toxicants in humans are changing the ways in which environmental scientists, epidemiologists, and policymakers characterize and interpret such exposure. In this article we review some major technical and scientific developments in exposure marker methodology for estimating internal dose, with special reference to studies conducted at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We consider important characteristics of laboratory methods, advances in laboratory technology, analytical standards, and quality assurance of laboratory measurements; comparisons with indirect methods for estimating exposures, such as exposure indices and questionnaires; human pharmacokinetic data; sampling problems; surveillance of human exposures to toxicants; and interpretation of measurements. With a view to increasing the reliability of exposure assessment, we make recommendations for obtaining more data on human exposure to toxicants. JF - Clinical chemistry AU - Sampson, E J AU - Needham, L L AU - Pirkle, J L AU - Hannon, W H AU - Miller, D T AU - Patterson, D G AU - Bernert, J T AU - Ashley, D L AU - Hill, R H AU - Gunter, E W AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA 30341. Y1 - 1994/07// PY - 1994 DA - July 1994 SP - 1376 EP - 1384 VL - 40 IS - 7 Pt 2 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76561643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Technical+and+scientific+developments+in+exposure+marker+methodology.&rft.au=Sampson%2C+E+J%3BNeedham%2C+L+L%3BPirkle%2C+J+L%3BHannon%2C+W+H%3BMiller%2C+D+T%3BPatterson%2C+D+G%3BBernert%2C+J+T%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BHill%2C+R+H%3BGunter%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7+Pt+2&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of reduced perfusion and reperfusion on c-fos protein immunohistochemistry in gestational day 21 rat brains. AN - 76592380; 8030912 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Z AU - Rountree, R L AU - Taylor, N R AU - Slikker, W AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/06/17/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 17 SP - 457 EP - 461 VL - 723 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Hypoxia -- metabolism KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- metabolism KW - Brain -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76592380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+reduced+perfusion+and+reperfusion+on+c-fos+protein+immunohistochemistry+in+gestational+day+21+rat+brains.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BTaylor%2C+N+R%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-06-17&rft.volume=723&rft.issue=&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical applications of element-specific detection by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to ion chromatography of foods. AN - 76636922; 8049760 AB - Three practical examples are presented to demonstrate the utility of element-selective detection for ion chromatography (IC). The determination of As species in a liquid health food supplement by IC with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (IC-ICP-AES) is shown to confirm results obtained for total As. IC-ICP-AES is also used to investigate the identity of an unknown peak in a sample of shrimp commercially treated with tripolyphosphate. Finally, results are presented for the determination of residual bromate in baked goods by IC with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Heitkemper, D T AU - Kaine, L A AU - Jackson, D S AU - Wolnik, K A AD - National Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, OH 45202. Y1 - 1994/06/10/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 10 SP - 101 EP - 108 VL - 671 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Bromates KW - 0 KW - Bromides KW - Bromine Radioisotopes KW - Food Additives KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - potassium bromate KW - 04MB35W6ZA KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Bromates -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- chemistry KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Food Additives -- analysis KW - Bread -- analysis KW - Bromides -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Food Analysis -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76636922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Practical+applications+of+element-specific+detection+by+inductively+coupled+plasma+atomic+emission+spectroscopy+and+inductively+coupled+plasma+mass+spectrometry+to+ion+chromatography+of+foods.&rft.au=Heitkemper%2C+D+T%3BKaine%2C+L+A%3BJackson%2C+D+S%3BWolnik%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Heitkemper&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-06-10&rft.volume=671&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A phospholipase A2 inhibitor from the plasma of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Protein structure, genomic structure, and mechanism of action. AN - 76490128; 8195214 AB - The lethal toxicity of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom can be attributed mainly to the presence of a pre-synaptic neurotoxin, crotoxin, with phospholipase A2 activity. Crotoxin is a heterodimer of an acidic protein (CA) and a basic phospholipase A2 (CB). An anti-toxic protein of subunit molecular mass 23.6 kDa that neutralizes both lethal and PLA2 activity of crotalid venom and crotoxin has been previously purified from the plasma of this snake (Fortes-Dias, C., Fonseca, B. C. B., Kochva, E., and Diniz, C. R. (1991) Toxicon 29, 997-1008). The protein has been named CNF for Crotalus neutralizing factor. In the present study, we have shown that CNF exists as an oligomeric aggregate of (CNF)n, where n = 6-8, and when it interacts with crotoxin, it replaces the acidic protein CA of crotoxin to form a stable near stoichiometric complex of CNF.CB. The CNF.CB complex no longer exhibits PLA2 activity and is inert in vivo. Thus, the exchange reaction between CA.CB of crotoxin and CNF to form CNF.CB and free CA is reminiscent of the interaction of crotoxin with its target receptor at the neuromuscular transmission site in the presynaptic cells. A cDNA encoding CNF has been isolated from a liver cDNA library using an appropriate nucleotide probe. The nucleotide sequence codes for a 19-residue signal peptide, followed by a 181-residue protein of which 16 are half-cystines. Calculated molecular mass is 20.06 kDa, and there is a putative N-linked carbohydrate site at Asn157. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Fortes-Dias, C L AU - Lin, Y AU - Ewell, J AU - Diniz, C R AU - Liu, T Y AD - Division of Allergenic Products and Parasitology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/06/03/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jun 03 SP - 15646 EP - 15651 VL - 269 IS - 22 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Bee Venoms KW - 0 KW - Crotalid Venoms KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Glycoproteins KW - Reptilian Proteins KW - phospholipase A2 inhibitor protein, Crotalus KW - Phospholipases A KW - EC 3.1.1.32 KW - Phospholipases A2 KW - EC 3.1.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - South America KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Pancreas -- enzymology KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Phospholipases A -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Crotalus -- blood KW - Glycoproteins -- blood KW - Glycoproteins -- isolation & purification KW - Phospholipases A -- isolation & purification KW - Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76490128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=A+phospholipase+A2+inhibitor+from+the+plasma+of+the+South+American+rattlesnake+%28Crotalus+durissus+terrificus%29.+Protein+structure%2C+genomic+structure%2C+and+mechanism+of+action.&rft.au=Fortes-Dias%2C+C+L%3BLin%2C+Y%3BEwell%2C+J%3BDiniz%2C+C+R%3BLiu%2C+T+Y&rft.aulast=Fortes-Dias&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-06-03&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=15646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U08289; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the community health nurse in environmental health. AN - 77126681; 8898554 AB - Chemical contamination in the environment is affecting public health in increasing numbers of communities across the country. Although historically and theoretically well within the realm of nursing, methods for assessing and diagnosing threats to community environmental health are not being included in community health nurses' training. A community's environmental health is assessed by retrieving information from federal, state, and local sources. Developing the diagnosis involves four steps: identifying a community aggregate at highest risk of exposure, determining the potential or actual health response, citing related host and environmental factors, and correlating any existing epidemiologic data that may substantiate the nursing diagnosis. To illustrate these concepts, a systematic environmental health assessment was conducted for Douglas, Arizona. The results indicated elevated lead levels in residential soils and led to the community diagnosis, potential for injury: children in Douglas are at risk of developing adverse neurobehavioral health effects, and pregnant women in Douglas are at risk of developing adverse reproductive health effects related to several environmental and host factors, as evidenced by average blood lead level, in children exceeding the Centers for Disease Control recommended level of 10 micrograms/dl. JF - Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) AU - Neufer, L AD - Community Health Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 155 EP - 162 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0737-1209, 0737-1209 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Public Health KW - Arizona -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Community Health Nursing KW - Environmental Health -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77126681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+nursing+%28Boston%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+community+health+nurse+in+environmental+health.&rft.au=Neufer%2C+L&rft.aulast=Neufer&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+nursing+%28Boston%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=07371209&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical model for prediction of retrospective exposure to ethylene oxide in an occupational mortality study. AN - 76667631; 8067360 AB - Since direct measures of individual exposure seldom exist for the entire period of an occupational mortality study, retrospective exposure estimates are necessary. This is often done in a subjective manner involving a consensus of opinion from a panel of epidemiologists and industrial hygienists. An alternative method utilizing a statistical model provides a more objective procedure for retrospective exposure assessment. The development of a weighted multiple regression model is presented for estimation of exposure levels to ethylene oxide (ETO) for inclusion in a cohort mortality study of workers in the sterilization industry. Three steps in development of the model are described: (1) data acquisition and assessment, (2) model building, and (3) evaluation of the model. The final model explained a remarkable 85% of the variability in 205 average measurements of ETO levels. Exposure factors included in the model were exposure category, product type, size of the sterilization unit, selected engineering controls, days after sterilization, and calendar year. The model was evaluated in two ways: against a set of measurement data not used to develop the model and a panel of 11 industrial hygienists representing the sterilization industry. The model predicted ETO exposures within 1.1 ppm of the validation data set with a standard deviation of 3.7 ppm. The arithmetic and geometric means of the 46 measurements in the validation data set were 4.6 and 2.2 ppm, respectively. The model also outperformed the panel of industrial hygienists relative to the validation data in terms of both bias and precision. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hornung, R W AU - Greife, A L AU - Stayner, L T AU - Steenland, N K AU - Herrick, R F AU - Elliott, L J AU - Ringenburg, V L AU - Morawetz, J AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 825 EP - 836 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ethylene Oxide -- adverse effects KW - Models, Statistical KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76667631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Statistical+model+for+prediction+of+retrospective+exposure+to+ethylene+oxide+in+an+occupational+mortality+study.&rft.au=Hornung%2C+R+W%3BGreife%2C+A+L%3BStayner%2C+L+T%3BSteenland%2C+N+K%3BHerrick%2C+R+F%3BElliott%2C+L+J%3BRingenburg%2C+V+L%3BMorawetz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hornung&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling for risk assessment of neurotoxic effects. AN - 76593100; 7518093 AB - The regulation of noncancer toxicants, including neurotoxicants, has usually been based upon a reference dose (allowable daily intake). A reference dose is obtained by dividing a no-observed-effect level by uncertainty (safety) factors to account for intraspecies and interspecies sensitivities to a chemical. It is assumed that the risk at the reference dose is negligible, but no attempt generally is made to estimate the risk at the reference dose. A procedure is outlined that provides estimates of risk as a function of dose. The first step is to establish a mathematical relationship between a biological effect and the dose of a chemical. Knowledge of biological mechanisms and/or pharmacokinetics can assist in the choice of plausible mathematical models. The mathematical model provides estimates of average responses as a function of dose. Secondly, estimates of risk require selection of a distribution of individual responses about the average response given by the mathematical model. In the case of a normal or lognormal distribution, only an estimate of the standard deviation is needed. The third step is to define an adverse level for a response so that the probability (risk) of exceeding that level can be estimated as a function of dose. Because a firm response level often cannot be established at which adverse biological effects occur, it may be necessary to at least establish an abnormal response level that only a small proportion of individuals would exceed in an unexposed group. That is, if a normal range of responses can be established, then the probability (risk) of abnormal responses can be estimated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Slikker, W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 333 EP - 338 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - 4764-17-4 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Haplorhini KW - Female KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76593100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Modeling+for+risk+assessment+of+neurotoxic+effects.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal metabolism of 3-nitrofluoranthene. AN - 76535514; 8207756 AB - We investigated the metabolism of 3-nitrofluoranthene by filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112. Cunninghamella elegans metabolized about 72% of the 3-nitro[3,4-14C]fluoranthene added during 144 h of incubation to 2 major metabolites. These metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as 3-nitrofluoranthene-8-sulfate and 3-nitrofluoranthene-9-sulfate by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible, and mass spectral techniques. These results, in conjunction with previous studies on the fungal metabolism of fluoranthene, indicate that the nitro substituent at the C-3 position of fluoranthene sterically hinders epoxidation and shifts metabolism to the C-8 and C-9 positions. Since the phenolic microsomal metabolites of 3-nitrofluoranthene are mutagenic, the formation of sulfate conjugates of 8- and 9-hydroxy-3-nitrofluoranthene by C. elegans suggests that the fungal metabolic pathways may be beneficial for detoxification of this ubiquitous pollutant. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Evans, F E AU - Heinze, T M AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arksansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 209 EP - 218 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Fluorenes KW - Mutagens KW - 3-nitrofluoranthene-8-sulfate KW - 156497-83-5 KW - 3-nitrofluoranthene-9-sulfate KW - 156497-84-6 KW - 3-nitrofluoranthene KW - R9796OQK2M KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mucorales -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76535514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Fungal+metabolism+of+3-nitrofluoranthene.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marginal zinc status does not exacerbate pancreatic carcinogenesis associated with dietary soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate in rats. AN - 76533804; 8207548 AB - Although the etiology of pancreatic cancer is largely unknown, diet-associated factors may play a role. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (14 d of age) were given a single injection of either saline or azaserine and were weaned (21 d) to diets with either adequate (30 micrograms/g) or low (9 micrograms/g) zinc, with or without 1.0 g/100 g active trypsin inhibitor in the form of soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate. Experimental diets were fed for 14 wk. Regardless of dietary zinc status, diets with soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate caused hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy of the pancreas. Pancreatic zinc content was not different among groups. Low dietary zinc levels did not affect total body growth rate or serum zinc concentration. Tibia zinc was also used as an indicator of zinc status. Tibia zinc concentration was lower in rats fed diets low in zinc relative to adequate zinc diets. Azaserine-induced acidophilic foci were larger and more numerous when soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate was present in the diet regardless of dietary zinc level. Thus, low zinc does not exacerbate the soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate effects that promote pancreatic cancer. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Ellwood, K C AU - Roebuck, B D AU - Hathcock, J N AD - Division of Science and Applied Technology, Office of Special Nutritionals, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 894 EP - 900 VL - 124 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Trypsin Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Azaserine KW - 87299V3Q9W KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nutritional Status KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Azaserine -- pharmacology KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- blood KW - Trypsin Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Trypsin Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76533804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Marginal+zinc+status+does+not+exacerbate+pancreatic+carcinogenesis+associated+with+dietary+soybean+trypsin+inhibitor+concentrate+in+rats.&rft.au=Ellwood%2C+K+C%3BRoebuck%2C+B+D%3BHathcock%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Ellwood&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=894&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of alloreactive T cell subpopulations of aged mice in vivo. CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell-mediated rejection response declines with advanced age. AN - 76524701; 7911422 AB - The present investigation explored age-related alterations in T cell populations mediating allospecific responses in vivo. Healthy aged and young H-2b and H-2bxH-2k mice were engrafted with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-disparate bm12 skin, rejection of which requires CD8+ T cells, and MHC class I-disparate bm1 skin, rejection of which requires CD8+ T cells. Aged mice of both genders exhibited prolonged survival of bm12 skin grafts relative to their young counterparts but rejected bm1 skin grafts at a rate equivalent to that of young mice. Consistent with prolonged survival of bm12 skin grafts, markedly diminished levels of Iabm12 CTL activity were elicited from T cells of aged mice in vitro. However, no such decline was observed in the level of Kbm1 CTL from T cells of aged mice. The alterations in Iabm12 allospecific responses were not attributable to quantitative changes in CD4+ T cells of aged mice, and addition of soluble T cell helper factors to response cultures of aged mice did not augment Iabm12 cytotoxic T lymphocytes activity. These data demonstrate that aging fundamentally affects CD4+ T cell-mediated allospecific responses particularly in vivo, and that deficient generation of soluble T cell helper factors alone cannot explain this deficit. JF - European journal of immunology AU - Rosenberg, A S AU - Sechler, J M AU - Horvath, J A AU - Maniero, T G AU - Bloom, E T AD - Division of Hematologic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 1312 EP - 1316 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0014-2980, 0014-2980 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD8 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Isoantigens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Antigens, CD8 -- physiology KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Interleukin-2 -- physiology KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Isoantigens -- immunology KW - Female KW - Male KW - T-Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Graft Rejection -- immunology KW - Aging -- immunology KW - Skin Transplantation -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76524701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+alloreactive+T+cell+subpopulations+of+aged+mice+in+vivo.+CD4%2B+but+not+CD8%2B+T+cell-mediated+rejection+response+declines+with+advanced+age.&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+A+S%3BSechler%2C+J+M%3BHorvath%2C+J+A%3BManiero%2C+T+G%3BBloom%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+immunology&rft.issn=00142980&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Eur J Immunol 1994 Oct;24(10):2571 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of coal-dust and smokeless-tobacco extracts in Salmonella typhimurium strains with differing levels of O-acetyltransferase activities. AN - 76520309; 7515163 AB - Epidemiological studies have indicated an increased incidence of gastric neoplasia in coal miners. Because smokeless tobacco use is prevalent in the mining industry, nitrites or other components of these products may be etiologically associated with these gastric neoplasms. In this study both nitrosated and non-nitrosated coal-dust (from West Virginia and New Mexico) as well as smokeless-tobacco (snuff and chewing tobacco) extracts were examined for the presence of aromatic amines and nitroarenes by comparing the activities of these extracts in the pre-incubation variant of the Ames assay. Salmonella strains with differing O-acetyltransferase activities (TA98 and YG1024) were utilized in this investigation. The results of the examination of the coal-dust extracts indicated positive activity only in the nitrosated extracts. Both nitrosated extracts elicited an increased number of revertants (2-4-fold) on YG1024 without S9 in comparison to TA98, suggesting the presence of nitroarenes in these extracts. Additionally, the nitrosated West Virginia coal extract showed higher levels of activity on YG1024 with S9, indicating the possible presence of aromatic amines in this complex mixture. The non-nitrosated smokeless-tobacco extracts showed activity only on YG1024 in the presence of S9, with the highest amount of activity occurring in the snuff sample. Except for the chewing-tobacco extract on TA98 without S9, positive activity was found in both nitrosated tobacco extracts on YG1024 and TA98. As with the coal extracts, the presence of nitroarenes was inferred for these nitrosated materials. A comparative study of the non-nitrosated snuff extract across 5 tester strains with varying sensitivities to aromatic amines and nitroarenes (TA98NR, TA98/1,8-DNP6, TA98, YG1021 and YG1024) indicated that aromatic amines were a probable source of the mutagenic activity. The curing process and/or the addition of certain flavorants are potential sources of the mutagenic aromatic amines suggested to be present in the non-nitrosated snuff extract. These findings are consistent with an etiologic role supplementary to the nitroso compounds for mutagenic nitroarenes and aromatic amines in the development of gastric neoplasia in coal miners. JF - Mutation research AU - Stamm, S C AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994/06// PY - 1994 DA - June 1994 SP - 253 EP - 264 VL - 321 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Mutagens KW - Nitroso Compounds KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Biotransformation KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Nitroso Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nitrosation KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Coal -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- chemistry KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Tobacco, Smokeless -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76520309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+coal-dust+and+smokeless-tobacco+extracts+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+strains+with+differing+levels+of+O-acetyltransferase+activities.&rft.au=Stamm%2C+S+C%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Stamm&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=321&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerable periods and processes during central nervous system development. AN - 36359326; 201002-31-0247261 (CE); 11701602 (EN) AB - The developing central nervous system (CNS) is the organ system most frequently observed to exhibit congenital abnormalities. While the developing CNS lacks a blood brain barrier, the characteristics of known teratogens indicate that differential doses to the developing vs mature brain are not the major factor in differential sensitivity. Instead, most agents seem to act on processes that occur only during development. Thus, it appears that the susceptibility of the developing brain compared to the mature one depends to a great extent on the presence of processes sensitive to disruption. Yet cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation characterize many other developing organs, so the difference between CNS and other organs must depend on other properties of the developing CNS. The most important of these is probably the fact that nervous system development takes much longer than development of other organs, making it subject to injury over a longer period. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rodier, P M AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, NY 14642. PY - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 124 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Organs KW - Brain KW - Central nervous system KW - Nervous system KW - Migration KW - Abnormalities KW - Blood KW - Differentiation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36359326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Vulnerable+periods+and+processes+during+central+nervous+system+development.&rft.au=Rodier%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Rodier&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of animal/in vitro data on biological effects of man-made fibers. AN - 36353501; 201002-31-0247260 (CE); 11701601 (EN) AB - This paper reviews the investigations with man-made fibers (MMF). Insulation woods: glasswool (GW), rockwool (RW), slagwool (SW), glass microfibers (GMF), glass filaments (GFiI), and refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) have been used in experimental animals and in in vitro cell systems. A large heterogeneous number of fibers, methods of fiber preparation, size selection, aerosolization, fiber size, and fiber burden measurement were noted, rendering difficult a comparison between results. By inhalation, RCF and asbestos used as positive controls produced a significant tumor increase. In some studies, a low tumor yield was found after inhalation of insulation wools; when all inhalation data were gathered, a significant tumor increase was found with GW. However, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the potential of other fiber types because, in addition to the different compositions of the fibers, differences in fiber number and sizes existed, especially in comparison with asbestos. Moreover, experiments using inoculation, especially by the intraperitoneal route revealed a carcinogenic potential of all fibers types but GFiI and SW. In these two groups a small number of animals has been investigated and the fiber characteristics were sometimes irrelevant. So far, a relationship between the carcinogenic potency and fiber dimensions has been established. Other fiber parameters may be of importance (surface chemistry, biopersistence, fiber structure, for example) but further investigations are necessary to determine the correlations between these parameters and tumor incidence. In vitro experiments have emphasized the fiber characteristics identified in vivo as playing a role in the carcinogenic potency and should be developed as a better approach of the mechanistic effects of MMF. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ellouk, S A AU - Jaurand, M C AD - Laboratoire de Pathologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire de l'Environment, INSERM, Creteil, France. PY - 1994 SP - 47 EP - 61 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Fibers KW - Tumors KW - Carcinogens KW - In vitro testing KW - Animals KW - Inhalation KW - Insulation KW - Glass KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36353501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Review+of+animal%2Fin+vitro+data+on+biological+effects+of+man-made+fibers.&rft.au=Ellouk%2C+S+A%3BJaurand%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Ellouk&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of antioxidant enzymes in lung after oxidant injury. AN - 36342363; 201002-31-0247259 (CE); 11701600 (EN) AB - Studies have implicated active oxygen species (AOS) in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. Many chemical and physical agents in the environment are potent generators of AOS, including ozone, hyperoxia, mineral dusts, paraquat, etc. These agents produce AOS by different mechanisms, but frequently the lung is the primary target of toxicity, and exposure results in damage to lung tissue to varying degrees. The lung has developed defenses to AOS-mediated damage, which include antioxidant enzymes, the superoxide dismutases [copper-zinc (CuZnSOD) and manganese-containing (MnSOD)], catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In this review, antioxidant defenses to environmental stresses in the lung as well as in isolated pulmonary cells following exposure to a number of different oxidants, are summarized. Each oxidant appears to induce a different pattern of antioxidant enzyme response in the lung, although some common trends, i.e., induction of MnSOD following oxidants inducing inflammation or pulmonary fibrosis, in responses to oxidants occur. Responses may vary between the different cell types in the lung as a function of cell-cycle or other factors. Increases in MnSOD mRNA or immunoreactive protein in response to certain oxidants may serve as a biomarker of AOS-mediated damage in the lung. Images Figure 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Quinlan, T AU - Spivack, S AU - Mossman, B T AD - Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405. PY - 1994 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lungs KW - Oxidants KW - Oxidizing agents KW - Antioxidants KW - Enzymes KW - Damage KW - Images KW - Catalase KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+antioxidant+enzymes+in+lung+after+oxidant+injury.&rft.au=Quinlan%2C+T%3BSpivack%2C+S%3BMossman%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-06-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of caloric restriction affecting aging and disease. AN - 76558345; 8010591 AB - Caloric restriction (CR) appears to affect aging by the inhibition of the specific chronic diseases which occur at increasing frequency with age. A common disease in F-344 rats, granulocytic leukemia, appears to have a window where it is sensitive to the effects of CR. Other diseases, such as pituitary adenomas, appear to have a different relationship to growth in the animal. Additionally, a model for the major disease for a number of long-lived strains of mice, lymphoma, which CR effects by inhibiting the expression of the causative agent, is being developed. Evaluation of the effects of CR on neoplasia, degenerative disease and physiological parameters suggests that the major factors in expression of these diseases is the alteration of growth factors, hormonal status, etc., and that these alterations also affect strain-specific pathologies depending on when they are changed in the life span. Effecting different diseases at different times in the life span, long-term CR, by limiting exposure to endogenous growth factors, altering physiological characteristics, and limiting exposure to food toxicants, inhibits the onset of disease, and its sequela, aging. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Turturro, A AU - Blank, K AU - Murasko, D AU - Hart, R AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arizona 72079. Y1 - 1994/05/31/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 31 SP - 159 EP - 170 VL - 719 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Energy Intake KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76558345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+caloric+restriction+affecting+aging+and+disease.&rft.au=Turturro%2C+A%3BBlank%2C+K%3BMurasko%2C+D%3BHart%2C+R&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-05-31&rft.volume=719&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 76467879; 8176813 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/05/18/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 18 SP - 1472 VL - 271 IS - 19 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Hotlines KW - Databases, Factual KW - Drug Labeling KW - Food Labeling KW - Tamoxifen -- adverse effects KW - Parenteral Nutrition, Total -- adverse effects KW - Tamoxifen -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76467879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-05-18&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=1472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solvent rearrangement in an antigen-antibody interface introduced by site-directed mutagenesis of the antibody combining site. AN - 76471561; 8176740 AB - The three-dimensional structure of a site-directed mutant of the bacterially expressed Fv fragment from monoclonal antibody D1.3, complexed to the specific antigen lysozyme has been determined to a nominal resolution of 1.8 A using X-ray diffraction data. The replacement of VL Trp92 by Asp allows two water molecules to occupy space taken by Trp92 in the wild-type complex, in agreement with a previous observation that water molecules play an important role in stabilizing this antigen-antibody complex. The equilibrium constant for the binding of the mutant Fv to the antigen decreases by three orders of magnitude (from 2.3 x 10(8) M-1 to 2.6 x 10(5) M-1). Titration calorimetry shows that this results from a smaller negative binding enthalpy (delta delta H = -16 kJ mol-1 at 24 degrees C), whereas the value of the binding entropy is not affected. Since in the complex between the mutated Fv and antigen the buried area has decreased relative to that of the wild-type Fv by about 150 A2, the contribution of the buried unit area to the decrease in free energy (delta Gzero) is approximately 117 J mol-1 (28 cal mol-1) per A2. The loss of interatomic contacts in replacing Trp by Asp permits an approximate calculation for the contribution of van der Waals interactions made by Trp92 in this complex, which gives an average of 2.1 kJ mol-1 (0.5 kcal mol-1) for contacts between carbon atoms. JF - Journal of molecular biology AU - Ysern, X AU - Fields, B A AU - Bhat, T N AU - Goldbaum, F A AU - Dall'Acqua, W AU - Schwarz, F P AU - Poljak, R J AU - Mariuzza, R A AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, F.D.A., Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/05/13/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 13 SP - 496 EP - 500 VL - 238 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2836, 0022-2836 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments KW - immunoglobulin Fv KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Muramidase KW - EC 3.2.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Thermodynamics KW - Crystallography, X-Ray KW - Protein Binding KW - Models, Biological KW - Protein Conformation KW - Antigen-Antibody Reactions KW - Binding Sites, Antibody -- genetics KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Muramidase -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments -- genetics KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments -- metabolism KW - Immunoglobulin Fragments -- immunology KW - Muramidase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76471561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Solvent+rearrangement+in+an+antigen-antibody+interface+introduced+by+site-directed+mutagenesis+of+the+antibody+combining+site.&rft.au=Ysern%2C+X%3BFields%2C+B+A%3BBhat%2C+T+N%3BGoldbaum%2C+F+A%3BDall%27Acqua%2C+W%3BSchwarz%2C+F+P%3BPoljak%2C+R+J%3BMariuzza%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Ysern&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1994-05-13&rft.volume=238&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+molecular+biology&rft.issn=00222836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the carcinogenicity of chemicals most frequently found at National Priorities List sites. AN - 77726496; 7855869 AB - Several studies have shown that numerous National Priorities List (NPL) sites have been contaminated with arsenic (747), cadmium (791), chloroform (596), or nickel (664). The National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1991) has classified these substances as known human carcinogens (arsenic and certain arsenic compounds) or as substances that may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens (cadmium and certain cadmium compounds, chloroform, and nickel and certain nickel compounds). The general population is probably exposed to low levels of these hazardous substances through drinking water, eating food, or inhaling contaminated air. People working or living near industries and facilities that manufacture and use chloroform, nickel, arsenic, or cadmium may be exposed to higher than background levels of these hazardous substances. Multiple pathways of exposure may exist for populations near hazardous waste sites. For example, high levels of chloroform (1,890 ppb) were found in well water near a waste site; high levels of cadmium exposure may exist for individuals living near cadmium-contaminated waste sites. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Faroon, O M AU - Williams, M AU - O'Connor, R AD - Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia. PY - 1994 SP - 203 EP - 230 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Arsenic -- adverse effects KW - Drinking KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Chloroform -- adverse effects KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Nickel -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Male KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77726496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+carcinogenicity+of+chemicals+most+frequently+found+at+National+Priorities+List+sites.&rft.au=Faroon%2C+O+M%3BWilliams%2C+M%3BO%27Connor%2C+R&rft.aulast=Faroon&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interaction of immunosuppressive compounds in tandem stimulated peripheral human lymphocytes. AN - 76688176; 7521360 AB - We have developed an in vitro system to model the interactions of drugs used to treat transplant rejection. This system consists of stimulation of human lymphocytes with a primary mitogen (anti-T-cell receptor complex antibodies (OKT3 or wt31)) and treatment with a primary immunosuppressive drug (ISD) (Cyclosporine A (CsA) or FK-506)). This is later followed by stimulation with a secondary mitogen (Interleukin-2 or anti-CD28), and treatment with a second ISD. This system allows a variety of concentrations and compounds to be rapidly tested. We have used this system to study the effect of various compounds when used as either primary or secondary ISDs. Our results show that when CsA is used as the primary ISD, further proliferation can be inhibited by rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, or suramin. When FK-506 is the primary ISD, inhibition of proliferation by rapamycin is variable depending on the primary and secondary mitogens. If rapamycin is the primary ISD, both CsA and FK-506 show antagonistic interactions. These results suggest that the order in which combinations of ISDs are administered in transplantation may have significant effects on the clinical outcome. JF - Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology AU - Weaver, J L AU - Pine, P S AU - Aszalos, A AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 179 EP - 190 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0892-3973, 0892-3973 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD28 KW - Benzoquinones KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Lactams, Macrocyclic KW - Polyenes KW - Quinones KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - Rifabutin KW - 1W306TDA6S KW - Suramin KW - 6032D45BEM KW - herbimycin KW - 70563-58-5 KW - Cyclosporine KW - 83HN0GTJ6D KW - Mycophenolic Acid KW - HU9DX48N0T KW - Sirolimus KW - W36ZG6FT64 KW - Tacrolimus KW - WM0HAQ4WNM KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Rifabutin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Humans KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- immunology KW - Polyenes -- pharmacology KW - Quinones -- pharmacology KW - Suramin -- pharmacology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Mycophenolic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Tacrolimus -- pharmacology KW - Cyclosporine -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-2 -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD28 -- immunology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76688176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunopharmacology+and+immunotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+interaction+of+immunosuppressive+compounds+in+tandem+stimulated+peripheral+human+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+J+L%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BAszalos%2C+A&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Immunopharmacology+and+immunotoxicology&rft.issn=08923973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of phenolic isomers of 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene studied by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. Comparative analysis of mutagenicity. AN - 76680123; 8075366 AB - The structures of selected phenolic metabolites of 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene have been analyzed. 1H NMR spectral analysis at 500 MHz using one- and two-dimensional methods proves that the site of hydroxy substitution in two metabolites previously reported as 3-nitrofluoranthen-8-ol and 3-nitrofluoranthen-9-ol had been reversed. A third and previously unidentified metabolite is shown to be 3-nitrofluoranthen-7-ol. Complete analysis of NMR spectral data on 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene enabled confirmation of the previously reported structures of 2-nitrofluoranthen-8-ol and 2-nitrofluoranthen-9-ol from derived chemical shift substituent effects. Chemical shift data suggest that the nitro group is not strictly coplanar with the aromatic ring system in solution and that metabolism at a distant site can alter the conformation about the C-N bond of the nitro group. Reported mutagenicity data are analyzed relative to imine quinone formation, chemical shift substituent effects, electronegativity effects, and conformation in an attempt to explain the large differences in mutagenicity between the C8 and C9 hydroxy isomers of 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Evans, F E AU - Deck, J AU - Howard, P C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1994 SP - 352 EP - 357 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Phenols KW - 2-nitrofluoranthene KW - 13177-29-2 KW - 3-nitrofluoranthene KW - R9796OQK2M KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Phenols -- chemistry KW - Isomerism KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - Fluorenes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76680123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Structure+of+phenolic+isomers+of+2-+and+3-nitrofluoranthene+studied+by+one-+and+two-dimensional+1H+NMR+spectroscopy.+Comparative+analysis+of+mutagenicity.&rft.au=Evans%2C+F+E%3BDeck%2C+J%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of analyses of occupational bladder cancer: death certificate vs. population-based case-control interview data. AN - 76588623; 8030638 AB - The authors examined the utility of death certificate data for occupational health surveillance by comparing the ability of the data to identify high-risk occupations for bladder cancer with that of a population-based case-control study. Death certificate data for white males from 23 states for 1979-1987 were analyzed using proportionate mortality ratios. The case-control study used cancer registry cases for 1977-1978. Results were compared for 21 a priori suspect occupations. A broad definition of agreement resulted in agreement for 62% of the occupations; the death certificate study identified eight of 15 occupations identified by the case-control study and neither study identified five of the categories. While death certificate data have many limitations, our results indicate that death certificate data can provide clues to some potential occupational health problems. With the advantages of inexpensive data, large sample size, and industrial coverage, more refined analyses of the data should prove useful for occupational mortality surveillance and hypothesis generation. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Burnett, C A AU - Silverman, D T AU - Lalich, N R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 677 EP - 688 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Death Certificates KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76588623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+analyses+of+occupational+bladder+cancer%3A+death+certificate+vs.+population-based+case-control+interview+data.&rft.au=Burnett%2C+C+A%3BSilverman%2C+D+T%3BLalich%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp: interlaboratory study. AN - 76572443; 8012207 AB - An interlaboratory study of a gas chromatographic method for determining chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in shrimp was conducted. An internal standard (Istd), the meta isomer of CAP, was added to the shrimp, and the treated shrimp were homogenized with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was defatted with hexane, and the CAP was partitioned into ethyl acetate from an aqueous salt solution. The ethyl acetate was evaporated, and the dried residue was treated with Sylon, a trimethylsilyl derivatizing agent, to yield the trimethylsilyl derivative of CAP. A portion of the solution containing the derivative was injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Levels of fortified and incurred CAP were calculated from the peak area ratio of standard CAP to Istd. Recoveries of CAP from tissue directly fortified at 5 ppb were 102% (within-laboratory relative standard deviation [RSDr] = 5.6%), 104% (RSDr = 5.5%), and 108% (RSDr = 6.3%) from Laboratories 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Incurred-CAP residues at 5 and 10 ppb levels were also determined, with the following results: Laboratory 1: composite A, 4.56 ppb (RSDr = 14.0%); composite B, 8.38 ppb (RSDr = 11.6%); Laboratory 2: composite A, 4.17 ppb (RSDr = 12.5%); composite B, 8.90 ppb (RSDr = 5.60%); Laboratory 3: composite A, 4.66 ppb (RSDr = 14.9%); composite B, 11.0 ppb (RSDr = 11.8%). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Munns, R K AU - Holland, D C AU - Roybal, J E AU - Storey, J M AU - Long, A R AU - Stehly, G R AU - Plakas, S M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO 80225-0087. PY - 1994 SP - 596 EP - 601 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Trimethylsilyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) KW - Drug Residues KW - Chromatography, Gas -- statistics & numerical data KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods KW - Chloramphenicol -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76572443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic+determination+of+chloramphenicol+residues+in+shrimp%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Munns%2C+R+K%3BHolland%2C+D+C%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BStorey%2C+J+M%3BLong%2C+A+R%3BStehly%2C+G+R%3BPlakas%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Munns&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solvent-efficient thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn and peanut products: collaborative study. AN - 76569896; 8012213 AB - An interlaboratory study of a solvent-efficient thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 was conducted in laboratories located in the United States, France, Tunisia, and Denmark. Eighteen artificially contaminated samples plus blanks of raw peanuts and peanut butter and corn containing varying amounts of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were distributed to participating laboratories. The method consists of elements of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Contaminants Branch (CB) (AOAC Method 968.22) and FDA, Best Foods (BF) (AOAC Method 970.45) methods with reduced requirements for solvents. Participating laboratories used either visual or densitometric techniques during the final determinative step. Statistical analysis of the data was performed to determine or confirm outliers and to compute repeatability and reproducibility of the method using either visual or densitometric techniques for the determinative step. Reported results from laboratories using a densitometer showed that, for corn, the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) for aflatoxin B1 ranged from 56.6 to 41.7% for contamination levels ranging from 5 to 50 ng/g. For raw peanuts and peanut butter, the RSDr values for aflatoxin B1 ranged from 21.3 to 37.3% and 65.9 to 42.1%, respectively, for the contamination levels ranging from 5 to 25 ng/g. RSDr ranges for aflatoxins B2, G1, and G2 were similar. For reproducibility (R), the RSDR ranges for aflatoxin B1 were 41.7-56.6%, 56.6-84.8%, and 26.4-37.3% for corn, peanut butter, and raw peanuts, respectively. Average recoveries for all aflatoxins at all levels were 95.3, 139.0, and 95.6% for corn, peanut butter, and raw peanuts, respectively. When analysts determined aflatoxin concentrations in corn by visual comparison to standards, the RSDr values for aflatoxin B1 were 47.8-11.4% for contamination levels ranging from 5 to 50 ng/g. For raw peanuts and peanut butter, the RSDr values for aflatoxin B1 were 76.3-12.6% and 33.4-8.8%, respectively, for the contamination levels ranging from 5 to 25 ng/g. RSDr values for aflatoxins B2, G1, and G2 were similar. The RSDR values for aflatoxin B1 were 34.6-90.2%, 45.5-59.3%, and 31.8-78.3% for corn, peanut butter, and raw peanuts, respectively. Average recoveries for all aflatoxins at all levels were 111.0, 157.6, and 92.3% for corn, peanut butter, and raw peanuts, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Park, D L AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Nesheim, S AU - Stack, M AU - Newell, R F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 637 EP - 646 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - aflatoxin G1 KW - 1DB78J7PUD KW - aflatoxin G2 KW - 2MS0D8WA29 KW - aflatoxin B2 KW - 7SKR7S646P KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis KW - Densitometry KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76569896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Solvent-efficient+thin-layer+chromatographic+method+for+the+determination+of+aflatoxins+B1%2C+B2%2C+G1%2C+and+G2+in+corn+and+peanut+products%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Park%2C+D+L%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BNesheim%2C+S%3BStack%2C+M%3BNewell%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of volatile organic contaminants in bulk oils (edible, injectable, and other internal medicinal) by purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 76567543; 8012214 AB - Purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is evaluated for the quantitation of part-per-billion levels of volatile organic contaminants in bulk vegetable oils. Results using 2 purge techniques (direct purging of the heated oil and purging after dispersing the oil on an aluminum oxide powder) and 2 quantitative methods (standard curve and deuterium-labeled internal standard addition) are reported. Twenty volatile compounds and 8 vegetable oils were investigated. Recovery data and estimated detection limits for each compound are reported for each purge technique. Generally acceptable recoveries (70-130% for more than 90% of the analyte spikes) and acceptable detection levels (approximately 4-10 ppb) were obtained for all compounds using either the external standard curve or the deuterium-isotope-labeled internal standard. The use of a dispersant (such as alumina) for sample purging resulted in poor recoveries of the highly volatile contaminants. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Thompson, D W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Southeast Regional Laboratory, Atlanta, GA 30309. PY - 1994 SP - 647 EP - 654 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Deuterium KW - AR09D82C7G KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Plant Oils -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76567543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+volatile+organic+contaminants+in+bulk+oils+%28edible%2C+injectable%2C+and+other+internal+medicinal%29+by+purge-and-trap+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of total aflatoxins B1, B2, and G1 in corn: follow-up collaborative study. AN - 76567178; 8012215 AB - A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening method for aflatoxins at 20 ng/g in corn was studied by 15 collaborating laboratories. Test samples of corn were extracted by blending with methanol-water (8 + 2). The extracts were filtered and the filtrates were diluted with buffer to a final methanol concentration of or = 20 ng aflatoxins/g when, after exactly 1 min, no color was observed on the filter; if a blue or gray color developed, the test sample was judged to contain or = 20 ng/g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Stack, M E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 655 EP - 658 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - aflatoxin G1 KW - 1DB78J7PUD KW - aflatoxin B2 KW - 7SKR7S646P KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76567178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+of+total+aflatoxins+B1%2C+B2%2C+and+G1+in+corn%3A+follow-up+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BStack%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of deoxynivalenol in 1991 U.S. winter and spring wheat by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. AN - 76544329; 8012211 AB - A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method was modified for determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in 1991 U.S. winter and spring wheat. After extraction with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16) and cleanup on a charcoal-alumina-Celite (7 + 5 + 3) column, acetonitrile was used instead of ethyl acetate to transfer the concentrated extract containing DON. After the extract was evaporated to dryness, the residue was dissolved in methanol and an aliquot was spotted on a high-performance TLC plate. After development with chloroform-acetone-2-propanol (8 + 1 + 1), the plates were sprayed with aluminum chloride solution and heated; DON was quantitated by fluorodensitometry. Average recoveries of DON added to duplicate test portions of wheat at 200, 400, and 800 ng/g were 83, 82, and 72%, respectively. The detection limit was 40 ng/g. The method was applied to 81 test samples of spring and winter wheat. The wheat contained DON levels that ranged from nondetectable to 9330 ng/g (average 1570 ng/g). The results indicate that DON levels were higher in wheat from Missouri, North Dakota, and Tennessee than in wheat from 7 other states. The identity of DON, which was isolated from 21 of the extracts by preparatory TLC, was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in all 21 test samples. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Fernandez, C AU - Stack, M E AU - Musser, S M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 628 EP - 630 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Seasons KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Densitometry KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76544329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+1991+U.S.+winter+and+spring+wheat+by+high-performance+thin-layer+chromatography.&rft.au=Fernandez%2C+C%3BStack%2C+M+E%3BMusser%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations induced by aromatic amine DNA adducts in pBR322. AN - 76518202; 8200092 AB - A 276 bp region from the tetracycline resistance gene of the plasmid pBR322 was modified with 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), 2-aminofluorene (AF), 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), N'-acetylbenzidine or 1-aminopyrene (AP) in order to determine the effect of adduct structure upon mutation induction. Each modification reaction gave one major adduct and these adducts had chromatographic properties, as determined by 32P-postlabeling, identical to those in which substitution had occurred at C8 of deoxyguanosine through the amine or amide nitrogen. The types and distribution of mutations were then characterized following introduction of the modified plasmids into SOS-induced Escherichia coli using Hanahan et al.'s procedure (Methods Enzymol., 204, 63-113, 1991). With AAF-modified plasmid, 60% of the mutations were deletions or additions, and these were detected primarily at NarI sites or in repetitive G sequences. Modification with AF gave -G deletions, primarily in runs of Gs, and base substitution mutations, which were mainly G to T transversions. Substitution with ABP or N'-acetylbenzidine resulted in G to T and G to C transversions, the latter being a mutation not detected with AF; in addition, -G deletions were detected at only very low frequency. AP modification gave both -G frameshift and base substitution mutations, of which G to T transversions predominated. A comparison of the mutation frequencies per adduct indicated that the mutagenic efficiencies of the adducts decreased in the order AP > AF > AAF approximately ABP approximately N'-acetylbenzidine. AAF- and ABP-modified pBR322 were also introduced with a CaCl2 method. The mutation frequency per adduct increased with this transformation procedure, and this appeared to be a reflection of a greater percentage of frameshift mutations. These data indicate that a series of structurally related aromatic amines will induce both base substitution and frameshift mutations when incorporated into pBR322, but that frameshift mutations occur almost exclusively with the planar derivatives. Furthermore, the ability to induce frameshift mutations increases the mutagenic efficiency of an adduct. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Melchior, W B AU - Marques, M M AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 889 EP - 899 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - Benzidines KW - Fluorenes KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Pyrenes KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - 2-aminofluorene KW - 3A69OS195N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - 1-aminopyrene KW - LUW9EO1681 KW - N-acetylbenzidine KW - Q1I4IM38KC KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetracycline Resistance -- genetics KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Benzidines -- toxicity KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Mutation KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76518202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Mutations+induced+by+aromatic+amine+DNA+adducts+in+pBR322.&rft.au=Melchior%2C+W+B%3BMarques%2C+M+M%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Melchior&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphatases enhance phosphorylation of the interferon-gamma receptor while selectively attenuating interferon-gamma-induced gene expression in human peripheral-blood monocytes. AN - 76499138; 8192669 AB - Since many events following ligand-induced receptor clustering are controlled by serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation, we initiated an investigation into the role of Ser/Thr phosphatases in both phosphorylation of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor and IFN gamma-induced gene expression in human peripheral-blood monocytes. Whereas IFN gamma alone did not enhance phosphorylation of the IFN gamma receptor, treatment of monocytes with the Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid and calyculin A, resulted in increased phosphorylation of the IFN gamma receptor. However, when these cells were analysed for IFN gamma-induced IP-10 gene expression, there was profound inhibition. Using three IFN gamma-induced early-response genes, IP-10, the Fc gamma receptor type I (Fc gamma RI) and ISG-54, we found selective sensitivity to pretreatment with okadaic acid and calyculin A. Whereas IFN gamma induction of IP-10 was blocked by both inhibitors, only calyculin A prevented Fc gamma RI-gene expression. Neither inhibitor prevented ISG-54 induction by IFN gamma. IFN-gamma-activated formation of the DNA-binding-protein complex FcRF gamma (which binds to the promoter of the Fc gamma RI gene) remained unaffected by okadaic acid or calyculin A. Therefore these data suggest that Ser/Thr phosphatases have no major part in IFN gamma-initiated signal transduction across the membrane, but selectively control the ultimate transcription of a set of early-response genes. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Luong, H AU - Winestock, K D AU - Finbloom, D S AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/05/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 May 01 SP - 799 EP - 803 VL - 299 ( Pt 3) SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - 0 KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Oxazoles KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - interferon gamma receptor KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - calyculin A KW - 7D07U14TK3 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Phosphorylation KW - Oxazoles -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- pharmacology KW - Genes, Immediate-Early KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Interferon -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Interferon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76499138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Inhibitors+of+serine%2Fthreonine+phosphatases+enhance+phosphorylation+of+the+interferon-gamma+receptor+while+selectively+attenuating+interferon-gamma-induced+gene+expression+in+human+peripheral-blood+monocytes.&rft.au=Luong%2C+H%3BWinestock%2C+K+D%3BFinbloom%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Luong&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=299+%28+Pt+3%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell Immunol. 1983 Dec;82(2):394-402 [6606492] Cell. 1993 Sep 24;74(6):1135-45 [8402883] J Immunol. 1985 Jul;135(1):300-5 [3158703] Nature. 1985 Jun 20-26;315(6021):672-6 [3925348] Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:727-77 [2441659] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3723-31 [2824996] Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):378-81 [2911749] J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3252-5 [2464596] J Biol Chem. 1990 Apr 25;265(12):6908-15 [1691178] J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 15;265(29):17868-75 [2145277] J Immunol. 1990 Dec 15;145(12):4257-64 [2147939] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11305-9 [1837149] J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 25;267(3):1846-52 [1370482] J Exp Med. 1992 Sep 1;176(3):897-901 [1324971] Eur J Biochem. 1992 Nov 15;210(1):365-73 [1280218] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11964-8 [1334553] Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1808-12 [1281555] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;13(4):2182-92 [8455606] Annu Rev Immunol. 1993;11:571-611 [8476573] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 1;90(9):4314-8 [8483949] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;13(7):3984-9 [8321205] Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1730-3 [8378773] Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1733-6 [8378774] Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1736-9 [8378775] Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):6951-63 [6548307] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic neurological sequelae to organophosphate pesticide poisoning. AN - 76481751; 8179040 AB - This work was undertaken to determine whether there are any chronic neurological sequelae to acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and 90 referents. Tests included a neurological physical examination, 5 nerve conduction tests, 2 vibrotactile sensitivity tests, 10 neurobehavioral tests, and 1 postural sway test. After correcting for confounding, the poisoned group performed significantly worse than the referent group on two neurobehavioral tests (sustained visual attention and mood scales). When the data were restricted to men with documented cholinesterase inhibition (n = 83) or to men who had been hospitalized (n = 36), the poisoned subjects also showed significantly worse vibrotactile sensitivity of finger and toe. Significant trends of increased impairment were found with increased days of disability on a wide spectrum of tests of both central and peripheral nerve function. While these findings are limited by low response rates and by small sample sizes for specific pesticides, this study was based on a large surveillance database and is the largest study to date of the chronic effects of organophosphate pesticide poisoning. The evidence of some long-term effects of poisoning is consistent with two prior studies. JF - American journal of public health AU - Steenland, K AU - Jenkins, B AU - Ames, R G AU - O'Malley, M AU - Chrislip, D AU - Russo, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 731 EP - 736 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Neurologic Examination KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Chronic Disease KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76481751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Chronic+neurological+sequelae+to+organophosphate+pesticide+poisoning.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BJenkins%2C+B%3BAmes%2C+R+G%3BO%27Malley%2C+M%3BChrislip%2C+D%3BRusso%2C+J&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Toxicol. 1986 Oct;59(3):176-9 [2434058] Am J Public Health. 1987 Feb;77(2):191-4 [3799859] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-6 [2314356] Lancet. 1991 Jul 27;338(8761):223-7 [1676786] Am J Emerg Med. 1991 Sep;9(5):461-509 [1863304] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Jan-Feb;44(1):34-9 [2916853] Arch Environ Health. 1990 May-Jun;45(3):148-54 [2167042] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Jun;23(6):845-58 [8392292] Arch Environ Health. 1988 Jan-Feb;43(1):38-45 [3355242] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in kidney and liver of rats continuously exposed to copper. AN - 76481211; 8184438 AB - Copper is a ubiquitous metal in the environment, it is a component of dental casting gold alloys and dental amalgams, and it is a main component in some intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). Since copper materials implanted in the human body corrode and release ions into the surrounding tissue, the potential toxicity caused by contact of this metal with bodily fluids needs to be evaluated. We implanted male Wistar rats with osmotic mini pumps that continuously administered saline, CuCl2, or a copper chelate, cupric nitrilotriacetate (Cu-NTA), at a rate of 4 mg copper/kg body wt/day. This experimental design maintained serum copper concentrations at a level 30-70% (CuCl2) or 100-120% (Cu-NTA) higher than in untreated controls. At different times postimplantation, we measured the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA of kidney, liver, and tissue surrounding the pump implant, since production of 8-OHdG has been associated with mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Hepatic and renal levels of 8-OHdG in CuCl2- or Cu-NTA-treated animals were significantly higher than in control animals. In contrast, histopathologic changes in kidneys and livers of rats exposed to CuCl2 and Cu-NTA were limited to mild changes involving hepatic focal necrosis and slightly increased mitotic activity in the renal proximal tubules. These observations suggest that levels of 8-OHdG could be an early marker of copper toxicity. It is unlikely that the high levels of copper at which we observed DNA modification will be encountered after occupational or environmental exposure. A different situation could be found around medical devices that include copper, particularly IUDs, where the amount of copper administered in our experiments could be released in the uterus of women after a few months of continued IUD use. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Toyokuni, S AU - Sagripanti, J L AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 91 EP - 97 VL - 126 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Biocompatible Materials KW - 0 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - cupric nitrilotriacetate KW - 15844-52-7 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine KW - 88847-89-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid KW - KA90006V9D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Infusion Pumps, Implantable KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Male KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Biocompatible Materials -- toxicity KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Prostheses and Implants -- adverse effects KW - Copper -- blood KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Copper -- toxicity KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76481211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Increased+8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine+in+kidney+and+liver+of+rats+continuously+exposed+to+copper.&rft.au=Toyokuni%2C+S%3BSagripanti%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Toyokuni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to high fluoride concentrations in drinking water is associated with decreased birth rates. AN - 76457693; 8169995 AB - A review of fluoride toxicity showed decreased fertility in most animal species studied. The current study was to see whether fluoride would also affect human birth rates. A U.S. database of drinking water systems was used to identify index counties with water systems reporting fluoride levels of at least 3 ppm. These and adjacent counties were grouped in 30 regions spread over 9 states. For each county, two conceptionally different exposure measures were defined, and the annual total fertility rate (TFR) for women in the age range 10-49 yr was calculated for the period 1970-1988. For each region separately, the annual TFR was regressed on the fluoride measure and sociodemographic covariables. Most regions showed an association of decreasing TFR with increasing fluoride levels. Meta-analysis of the region-specific results confirmed that the combined result was a negative TFR/fluoride association with a consensus combined p value of .0002-.0004, depending on the analytical scenario. There is no evidence that this outcome resulted from selection bias, inaccurate data, or improper analytical methods. However, the study is one that used population means rather than data on individual women. Whether or not the fluoride effect on the fertility rate found at the county level also applies to individual women remains to be investigated. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Freni, S C AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 109 EP - 121 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Fluorides KW - Q80VPU408O KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Birth Rate KW - Fluoridation -- adverse effects KW - Fluorides -- adverse effects KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76457693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+high+fluoride+concentrations+in+drinking+water+is+associated+with+decreased+birth+rates.&rft.au=Freni%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Freni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latrodectus mactans (black widow spider) envenomation: an unusual cause for abdominal pain in pregnancy. AN - 76442082; 8159365 AB - The differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pregnancy is extensive. An important consideration in endemic areas is a bite by a black widow spider. A 30-year-old woman at 30 weeks' gestation presented with acute abdominal pain following an insect bite. We based the diagnosis on classic symptomatology in an area endemic for Latrodectus mactans. Treatment consisted of supportive therapy and observation. Symptoms resolved over 48 hours and did not recur. The patient delivered a healthy child at 40 weeks' gestation. In endemic areas, black widow spider envenomation should be part of the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pregnancy. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Scalzone, J M AU - Wells, S L AD - Shiprock Public Health Service Indian Hospital, Navajo Area, Indian Health Service, New Mexico. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 830 EP - 831 VL - 83 IS - 5 Pt 2 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Abdominal Pain -- etiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- etiology KW - Pregnancy Complications -- diagnosis KW - Spider Bites -- complications KW - Spider Bites -- diagnosis KW - Black Widow Spider UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76442082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Latrodectus+mactans+%28black+widow+spider%29+envenomation%3A+an+unusual+cause+for+abdominal+pain+in+pregnancy.&rft.au=Scalzone%2C+J+M%3BWells%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Scalzone&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00297844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National survey of mammographic facilities in 1985, 1988, and 1992. AN - 76425409; 8153301 AB - To determine trends in mammography in the United States. A sample of mammographic facilities was selected for each year of the Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends. The same protocol was followed for the 1985, 1988, and 1992 surveys. Data were collected with use of the same imaging phantom for all three surveys and also with a different phantom in the 1988 and 1992 surveys. Of the 356 facilities surveyed in 1992, 59% claimed to be in compliance with the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) mammography requirements, 42% were accredited by the American College of Radiology (ACR), and 23% did not hold credentials from either the HCFA or the ACR. Since 1985, there has been a 34% improvement in acceptable phantom image quality score and a 20% decrease in the mean glandular dose. Mammography as practiced today is essentially a screen-film technique. Mammographic phantom image quality has improved considerably. The overall mean glandular dose has decreased primarily because of the elimination of xeroradiography. JF - Radiology AU - Conway, B J AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Rueter, F G AU - Antonsen, R G AU - Slayton, R J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 323 EP - 330 VL - 191 IS - 2 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Technology, Radiologic -- standards KW - Models, Structural KW - Photography -- standards KW - Humans KW - X-Ray Intensifying Screens KW - Data Collection KW - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.) KW - Female KW - Radiation Protection -- standards KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Accreditation KW - Mammography -- trends KW - Ambulatory Care Facilities -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ambulatory Care Facilities -- standards KW - Mammography -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76425409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=National+survey+of+mammographic+facilities+in+1985%2C+1988%2C+and+1992.&rft.au=Conway%2C+B+J%3BSuleiman%2C+O+H%3BRueter%2C+F+G%3BAntonsen%2C+R+G%3BSlayton%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Radiology. 1994 May;191(2):318-9 [8153299] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for zinc AN - 52165262; 2002-001505 JF - Toxicological profile for zinc AU - Ademoyero, Adedamola A AU - Gan, Karen N Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 230 KW - water KW - soils KW - zinc KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - bibliography KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - metals KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - ecology KW - air KW - waste disposal KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52165262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ademoyero%2C+Adedamola+A%3BGan%2C+Karen+N&rft.aulast=Ademoyero&rft.aufirst=Adedamola&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+zinc&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+zinc&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 780 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 12 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of air contaminants formed by the interaction of lava and sea water. AN - 21357551; 7713596 AB - We made environmental measurements to characterize contaminants generated when basaltic lava from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano enters sea water. This interaction of lava with sea water produces large clouds of mist (LAZE). Island winds occasionally directed the LAZE toward the adjacent village of Kalapana and the Hawaii Volcanos National Park, creating health concerns. Environmental samples were taken to measure airborne concentrations of respirable dust, crystalline silica and other mineral compounds, fibers, trace metals, inorganic acids, and organic and inorganic gases. The LAZE contained quantifiable concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF); HCl was predominant. HCl and HF concentrations were highest in dense plumes of LAZE near the sea. The HCl concentration at this sampling location averaged 7.1 ppm; this exceeds the current occupational exposure ceiling of 5 ppm. HF was detected in nearly half the samples, but all concentrations were <1 ppm Sulfur dioxide was detected in one of four short-term indicator tube samples at approximately 1.5 ppm. Airborne particulates were composed largely of chloride salts (predominantly sodium chloride). Crystalline silica concentrations were below detectable limits, less than approximately 0.03 mg/m3 of air. Settled dust samples showed a predominance of glass flakes and glass fibers. Airborne fibers were detected at quantifiable levels in 1 of 11 samples. These fibers were composed largely of hydrated calcium sulfate. These findings suggest that individuals should avoid concentrated plumes of LAZE near its origin to prevent over exposure to inorganic acids, specifically HCl. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. A Figure 4. B Figure 4. C Figure 4. D JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kullman, G J AU - Jones, W G AU - Cornwell, R J AU - Parker, J E AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1994/05// PY - 1994 DA - May 1994 SP - 478 EP - 482 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Mists KW - Seawater KW - Chlorides KW - villages KW - Particulates KW - Dust KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - calcium sulfates KW - silica KW - Plumes KW - inorganic acids KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii, Hawaii I., Kau, Kilauea Volcano KW - Occupational exposure KW - Volcanoes KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Air pollution KW - Clouds KW - Salts KW - Fibers KW - Gases KW - trace metals KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21357551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+air+contaminants+formed+by+the+interaction+of+lava+and+sea+water.&rft.au=Kullman%2C+G+J%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BCornwell%2C+R+J%3BParker%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Kullman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ISE, USA, Hawaii; ISE, USA, Hawaii, Hawaii I., Kau, Kilauea Volcano; Seawater; inorganic acids; Dust; Fibers; silica; Plumes; Volcanoes; Chlorides; Clouds; Air pollution; Particulates; trace metals; Occupational exposure; Salts; Sulfur dioxide; calcium sulfates; Mists; Gases; villages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemically selected subclones of the CEM cell line demonstrate resistance to HIV-1 infection resulting from a selective loss of NF-kappa B DNA binding proteins. AN - 76410107; 8144979 AB - To delineate cellular genes that are required for optimal HIV-1 infection, CEM cells were subjected to treatment with the chemical mutagen ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) and subclones were selected based on their increased resistance to HIV-1 infection and reduced syncytium formation, despite relatively normal CD4 expression (20,000 to 25,000 receptors/cell). Two subclones with this phenotype demonstrated a diminished capacity of HIV-1 long terminal repeat-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase expression either after treatment with the protein kinase C activator PMA, or through Tat-mediated transactivation. In this study, we show that the cellular levels of the NF-kappa B DNA binding proteins (but not AP1 or SP1) are markedly reduced in these cell mutants both at the mRNA and protein levels, resulting in reduced nuclear localization of p50/p65 after PMA induction or treatment with the lymphokine TNF-alpha. Transient reconstitution with a plasmid expressing p50 resulted in partial recovery of PMA-inducible LTR-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase expression. These data suggest that, at least in the CEM T cell line, a selective reduction in the NF-kappa B DNA binding proteins is sufficient to curtail HIV-1 infection. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Qian, J AU - Bours, V AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Blackburn, R AU - Siebenlist, U AU - Golding, H AD - Laboratory of Retrovirus Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/04/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 15 SP - 4183 EP - 4191 VL - 152 IS - 8 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Clone Cells KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Mutagenesis KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - HIV Infections -- genetics KW - HIV-1 -- growth & development KW - HIV Infections -- microbiology KW - NF-kappa B -- genetics KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76410107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Chemically+selected+subclones+of+the+CEM+cell+line+demonstrate+resistance+to+HIV-1+infection+resulting+from+a+selective+loss+of+NF-kappa+B+DNA+binding+proteins.&rft.au=Qian%2C+J%3BBours%2C+V%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BSiebenlist%2C+U%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 76420729; 8151837 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/04/13/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 13 SP - 1067 VL - 271 IS - 14 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - 0 KW - Fluoxetine KW - 01K63SUP8D KW - Acyclovir KW - X4HES1O11F KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Labeling KW - Public Opinion KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Acyclovir -- standards KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- standards KW - Food Handling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Fluoxetine -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76420729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-04-13&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective effect of magnesium on DNA strand breaks induced by nickel or cadmium. AN - 76805904; 7953910 AB - Magnesium, an essential metal that is important in the normal functioning of DNA, has been shown to interact with some of the toxic heavy metals in respect to biochemical and molecular mechanisms and in altering the tumorigenic process. This study examined the influence of magnesium in combination with nickel and cadmium in respect to damage of the DNA molecule. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of magnesium on the amelioration of the toxic metals nickel and cadmium in respect to sustaining DNA damage. Two types of lymphocytes were used, i.e., primary Fischer 344 rat splenocytes and AHH-1 TK+/-, a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line that has been spontaneously transformed. These cells were grown in either a magnesium-free or magnesium-supplemented RPMI 1640 medium that was specifically formulated for this study. A 2 x 2 factorial design was employed with magnesium and either nickel or cadmium serving as the two factors. The experimental groups were as follows: +Mg+Ni, +Mg-Ni, -Mg+Ni, -Mg-Ni, with cadmium alternating for the nickel in the subsequent studies. The nickel or cadmium was added at a concentration of 50 mumol/L. The presence of double-stranded DNA was determined in each of the respective treatment groups with the two types of cell lines. Based on the results of this study, nickel is not directly toxic to DNA, whereas cadmium produces damage directly on the DNA molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Littlefield, N A AU - Hass, B S AU - James, S J AU - Poirier, L A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Leukemia, B-Cell -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Diet KW - Models, Biological KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Nickel -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Magnesium -- pharmacology KW - Cadmium -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76805904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Protective+effect+of+magnesium+on+DNA+strand+breaks+induced+by+nickel+or+cadmium.&rft.au=Littlefield%2C+N+A%3BHass%2C+B+S%3BJames%2C+S+J%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Littlefield&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of perinatal hypoxic insult on concentrations of dopamine, serotonin, and metabolites in fetal monkey brain. AN - 76773704; 7524270 AB - Seven monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were laparotomized under general anesthesia (halothane, nitrous oxide, oxygen). Fetal hypoxia was induced in four monkeys by occlusion of the umbilical cord with a hydraulic occluder for 5-6 min. Three sham-operated fetuses served as controls. After unclamping, the fetuses were allowed to reperfuse for 20-30 min. To monitor hypoxia, the fetal electrocardiogram was recorded continuously. Hypoxic insult was associated with a decrease in fetal heart rate during the occlusion. After reperfusion, fetuses were immediately sacrificed and neocortex regions dissected on ice, frozen on dry ice and stored at -70 degrees C. Dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) in hippocampus, caudate nucleus and cortical regions. In the hippocampus, there was a significant increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration. In prefrontal cortex, there was a trend toward an increase in serotonin but no effects on dopamine and homovanillic acid concentrations. Dopamine, serotonin and metabolites were not altered in the caudate nucleus. These data demonstrate that fetal hypoxia followed by reperfusion produced an increase in serotonin concentration measured within the hippocampus and selected cortical areas known to be targets of hypoxic injury. JF - International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience AU - Binienda, Z AU - Fogle, C M AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 127 EP - 131 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0736-5748, 0736-5748 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Fetal Heart -- physiopathology KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Organ Specificity KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- embryology KW - Pregnancy KW - Reperfusion KW - Heart Rate KW - Cerebral Cortex -- embryology KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Female KW - Serotonin -- biosynthesis KW - Fetal Hypoxia -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- biosynthesis KW - Brain -- embryology KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76773704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+perinatal+hypoxic+insult+on+concentrations+of+dopamine%2C+serotonin%2C+and+metabolites+in+fetal+monkey+brain.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BFogle%2C+C+M%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.issn=07365748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 16S rDNA-based PCR method for rapid and specific detection of Clostridium perfringens in food. AN - 76761609; 7935511 AB - A 16S rDNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the rapid and specific detection of Clostridium perfringens in food. The PCR primers were designed by a GenBank computer search and they are complementary only with the 16S rRNA gene of C. perfringens by sequence alignment. The PCR product is a 279 BP DNA fragment. All C. perfringens strains tested were positive in the PCR assay and all other species tested were negative, including 11 other species of Clostridium and 38 species of other common bacteria. As few as two cells of C. perfringens in pure culture were detectable. High numbers of other bacterial species did not interfere with the detection of C. perfringens. The PCR amplification required only 30 min to complete. The method can be used for detection of C. perfringens in contaminated food. Samples from 100 g of chicken drumsticks which were inoculated with 20, 200 or 2000 cells of C. perfringens were subjected to the PCR assay and all produced positive results. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Wang, R F AU - Cao, W W AU - Franklin, W AU - Campbell, W AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 131 EP - 137 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Food Contamination KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Clostridium perfringens -- isolation & purification KW - Clostridium perfringens -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76761609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=A+16S+rDNA-based+PCR+method+for+rapid+and+specific+detection+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+food.&rft.au=Wang%2C+R+F%3BCao%2C+W+W%3BFranklin%2C+W%3BCampbell%2C+W%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of educational technology to occupational safety and health training. AN - 76715862; 7521973 AB - For years, lectures and films have formed the basis of health and safety training. New communication systems, however, allow trainees such luxuries as receiving instruction from a source that might be hundreds of miles away. Various multimedia systems are described, including CD-ROM, virtual reality, and others that may some day become the mainstays of worker training. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Hudock, S D AD - Educational Resource Development Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. PY - 1994 SP - 201 EP - 210 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Curriculum KW - CD-ROM KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Computer-Assisted Instruction KW - Inservice Training -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Audiovisual Aids KW - Occupational Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76715862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=The+application+of+educational+technology+to+occupational+safety+and+health+training.&rft.au=Hudock%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Hudock&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The efficacy of training for occupational injury control. AN - 76713044; 8085198 AB - Fifty years after reports that training enhances workplace safety began to appear in the literature, training continues to be considered a practical approach to injury prevention. However, data suggest that workplace training is not commonplace. Studies of the effectiveness of training are reviewed, and successful components of training programs are described. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Johnston, J J AU - Cattledge, G T AU - Collins, J W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. PY - 1994 SP - 147 EP - 158 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Feedback KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Inservice Training KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76713044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=The+efficacy+of+training+for+occupational+injury+control.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BCattledge%2C+G+T%3BCollins%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The training ethic and the ethics of training. AN - 76709303; 8085196 AB - To practice a training ethic, one must view giving or obtaining training regarding workplace health hazards as an ethical responsibility. Furthermore, the training itself must be carried out ethically. Here, the authors discuss the training ethic as an extension of workers' right to know and address ethical issues that arise during training. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Colligan, M J AU - Sinclair, R C AD - Division of Training and Manpower Development, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. PY - 1994 SP - 127 EP - 134 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Curriculum KW - Inservice Training -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Confidentiality -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Duty to Warn -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76709303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=The+training+ethic+and+the+ethics+of+training.&rft.au=Colligan%2C+M+J%3BSinclair%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Colligan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA recommendations for preclinical testing of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. AN - 76634155; 8041914 AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists are synthetic analogues synthesized by modifications of the naturally occurring hypothalamic decapeptide GnRH. These modifications significantly increase the biological potency and duration of action of GnRH agonists as well as the solubility, potency, and duration of action of GnRH antagonists while decreasing GnRH antagonists toxicity. The field of GnRH analogues has expanded significantly during the past few years in terms of the number of analogues, therapeutic indications, formulations, and mode of administration. This paper provides recommendations for nonclinical testing of GnRH analogues and reflects the type and degree of toxicity testing expected by the Division. However, these recommendations are not formal guidelines in that alternative testing methods will be considered. Furthermore, these recommendations should not be used as guidance for testing of other new drugs. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Raheja, K L AU - Jordan, A AD - Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 168 EP - 175 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone KW - 33515-09-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- analogs & derivatives KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76634155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=FDA+recommendations+for+preclinical+testing+of+gonadotropin+releasing+hormone+%28GnRH%29+analogues.&rft.au=Raheja%2C+K+L%3BJordan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Raheja&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of wipe sampling materials for lead in surface dust. AN - 76543644; 8209839 AB - The suitability of several commercially available wipe sampling materials for the determination of lead in dust on solid surfaces was evaluated. Criteria for the selection of wipe materials appropriate for field use and subsequent laboratory analysis were identified. These included (a) uniform background lead levels in the materials (preferably or = 80% recoveries of lead from standard reference material spikes; and (d) ease of use in the field. Other candidate wipe materials that were not examined in this study can be evaluated in a similar manner. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Millson, M AU - Eller, P M AU - Ashley, K AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 339 EP - 342 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76543644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+wipe+sampling+materials+for+lead+in+surface+dust.&rft.au=Millson%2C+M%3BEller%2C+P+M%3BAshley%2C+K&rft.aulast=Millson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimated workplace protection factors for positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. AN - 76537847; 8209837 AB - An analytical model is presented that estimates the distribution of workplace protection factor (WPF) values for positive-pressure respirators. Input for the model is (1) the instantaneous facepiece pressure measured as a function of time and (2) the distribution of WPF values for a negative-pressure version of the respirator. As an example application, the model was applied to 57 measurements of facepiece pressure made in a previous National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health study called "Firesmoke." That study involved professional firefighters wearing positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). During Firesmoke, there were four donnings in which facepiece pressure momentarily went negative one or more times during use. The purpose of the effort described here was to assess the significance of these momentary, negative excursions in facepiece pressure. To that end, an analytical model was developed that estimates the ratio of the mass of contaminant that enters the facepiece during these negative excursions to that which would be expected to enter a negative-pressure respirator utilizing the same facepiece. Thus, the performance of a positive-pressure SCBA can be determined relative to the performance of a negative-pressure respirator with the same facepiece--either a negative-pressure SCBA or a negative pressure air-purifying respirator. The NIOSH-assigned protection factor (APF) for a negative-pressure full facepiece is 50; the APF for a positive-pressure SCBA is 10,000. The results of the application of this analytical model are consistent with the current NIOSH APF for a positive-pressure SCBA. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Campbell, D L AU - Noonan, G P AU - Merinar, T R AU - Stobbe, J A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 322 EP - 329 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Pressure KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Fires KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76537847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Estimated+workplace+protection+factors+for+positive-pressure+self-contained+breathing+apparatus.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+D+L%3BNoonan%2C+G+P%3BMerinar%2C+T+R%3BStobbe%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cornstarch powder on latex products is an allergen carrier. AN - 76456040; 8163784 AB - Allergic reactions of the upper respiratory tract during use of powdered latex rubber gloves have been recently associated with sensitivity to latex. We have studied the ability of cornstarch powder to bind latex proteins and evaluated allergenic properties of the bound protein. Allergenicity was determined by competitive inhibition of human anti-latex IgE binding to solid-phase latex antigen. Cornstarch extracted from powdered latex products and clean cornstarch exposed to latex protein extracts were evaluated in comparison with clean unexposed cornstarch. Both exposed cornstarch preparations inhibited specific binding of anti-latex IgE antibodies to latex proteins in a dose-response manner. Latex-exposed cornstarch diluted 50% vol/vol produced complete inhibition, whereas greater dilutions exhibited variable levels of inhibition, depending on the source of cornstarch-bound proteins, insolubilized latex proteins, and IgE antibody-containing human serum used. Cornstarch not exposed to latex had no inhibitory activity. The study demonstrates that cornstarch indeed binds allergenic latex proteins and supports the causative relationship between allergic reactions in individuals with latex sensitivity and the exposure to airborne particles from powdered latex products. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Tomazic, V J AU - Shampaine, E L AU - Lamanna, A AU - Withrow, T J AU - Adkinson, N F AU - Hamilton, R G AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Health Sciences Branch, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 751 EP - 758 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Drug Carriers KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Powders KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- etiology KW - Plant Proteins -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- immunology KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adsorption KW - Gloves, Surgical -- adverse effects KW - Child KW - Plant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Female KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Starch -- immunology KW - Allergens -- metabolism KW - Starch -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76456040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Cornstarch+powder+on+latex+products+is+an+allergen+carrier.&rft.au=Tomazic%2C+V+J%3BShampaine%2C+E+L%3BLamanna%2C+A%3BWithrow%2C+T+J%3BAdkinson%2C+N+F%3BHamilton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Tomazic&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality of occupational medicine in ambulatory care. AN - 76448123; 10133289 AB - The prevention of occupational disease and injury requires focusing on the spectrum of services that would effectively contribute to prevention as well as the quality of constituent services. The broadest spectrum of services includes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and requires a team of professionals from medicine, nursing, industrial hygiene, and safety engineering. There are impediments to ensuring both the quality of care provided by individual professions and access to a broad array of services. Ensuring quality may be more dependent upon the spectrum of services utilized than in the variability of quality of any provider of care. JF - The Journal of ambulatory care management AU - Halperin, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 62 EP - 67 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0148-9917, 0148-9917 KW - Health administration KW - United States KW - Occupational Medicine -- standards KW - Humans KW - Primary Prevention -- standards KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Adult KW - Continuity of Patient Care -- standards KW - Physician's Role KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Health Services -- standards KW - Ambulatory Care -- standards KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76448123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+ambulatory+care+management&rft.atitle=Quality+of+occupational+medicine+in+ambulatory+care.&rft.au=Halperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+ambulatory+care+management&rft.issn=01489917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury deaths of 16- and 17-year-olds in the United States. AN - 76432428; 7755674 AB - Data from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system were used to analyze occupational injury deaths of civilian 16- and 17-year-olds during 1980 through 1989. There were 670 deaths; the rate was 5.11 per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers. The leading causes of death were incidents involving motor vehicles and machines, electrocution, and homicide. Workers 16 and 17 years old appear to be at greater risk than adults for occupational death by electrocution, suffocation, drowning, poisoning, and natural and environmental factors. Improved enforcement of and compliance with federal child labor laws, evaluation of the appropriateness of currently permitted activities, and education are encouraged. JF - American journal of public health AU - Castillo, D N AU - Landen, D D AU - Layne, L A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 646 EP - 649 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Child Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Occupations KW - Health Education KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76432428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+deaths+of+16-+and+17-year-olds+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+D+N%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BLayne%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Life Sci. 1980 Nov 24;27(21):1985-90 [6111007] Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ. 1983 May;32(2):31SS-37SS [6621608] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(5):585-95 [3228072] Annu Rev Public Health. 1990;11:359-75 [2191666] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):725-8 [1827569] Minn Med. 1991 Jun;74(6):25-8 [1865859] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(6):739-45 [1882852] Am J Public Health. 1992 Apr;82(4):557-60 [1532115] Pediatrics. 1992 May;89(5 Pt 1):957-60 [1533709] JAMA. 1993 Jun 2;269(21):2754-9 [8492401] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;24(3):313-24 [8238031] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):590-1 [7755778] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adolescent occupational injuries requiring hospital emergency department treatment: a nationally representative sample. AN - 76431435; 8154574 AB - Data from a nationally representative sample of emergency departments for the 6-month period July through December 1992 were used to examine nonfatal occupational injuries sustained by adolescents aged 14 through 17 years. There were 679 occupational injuries, corresponding to an estimated 37,405 injuries nationwide. Males constituted 65.8% of the injury victims. The injury rate for males was 7.0 per 100 full-time employees, compared with 4.4 for females. Lacerations to the hand or finger accounted for 25.6% of all injuries. The majority of injuries occurred in retail trades (53.7%), which also had the highest rate (6.3 per 100 full-time employees). Seventy-one percent of the injuries in retail trade occurred in eating and drinking establishments. JF - American journal of public health AU - Layne, L A AU - Castillo, D N AU - Stout, N AU - Cutlip, P AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 657 EP - 660 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Restaurants KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Sampling Studies KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- therapy KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76431435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Adolescent+occupational+injuries+requiring+hospital+emergency+department+treatment%3A+a+nationally+representative+sample.&rft.au=Layne%2C+L+A%3BCastillo%2C+D+N%3BStout%2C+N%3BCutlip%2C+P&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ. 1983 May;32(2):31SS-37SS [6621608] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):646-9 [7755674] Pediatrics. 1985 Oct;76(4):567-73 [4047800] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(5):585-95 [3228072] Can J Public Health. 1989 Nov-Dec;80(6):435-40 [2611742] J Burn Care Rehabil. 1991 Mar-Apr;12(2):203-8 [2050733] Minn Med. 1991 Jun;74(6):25-8 [1865859] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(6):739-45 [1882852] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(6):747-69 [1882853] Am J Public Health. 1992 Apr;82(4):557-60 [1532115] Pediatrics. 1992 May;89(5 Pt 1):957-60 [1533709] JAMA. 1993 Jun 2;269(21):2754-9 [8492401] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;24(3):313-24 [8238031] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):606-11 [8154564] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):590-1 [7755778] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - H2O2-induced oxidative injury in rat cardiac myocytes is not potentiated by 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, or halothane. AN - 76420886; 8145288 AB - Free radical-induced oxidative stress has been linked to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the myocardium. The .OH radical is considered the most damaging radical and can be increased in cells by treatment in vitro with H2O2. The purpose of the present study was to determine if aliphatic halocarbons enhance H2O2-induced oxidative injury in isolated cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats. Oxidative damage was assessed by measuring release of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) from lipid peroxidation, loss of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) through damaged sarcolemmal membranes, and alterations in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transients in electrically stimulated (1 Hz, 10 ms, 60 V) myocytes. H2O2 increased TBARS release and LDH leakage in a concentration-dependent (20-200 microM) manner. Continuous suffusion with H2O2 first altered the configuration of [Ca2+]i transients, then eliminated them, and finally caused [Ca2+]i overload (basal [Ca2+]i exceeded peak systolic [Ca2+]i of control). The time to [Ca2+]i overload was inversely associated with concentration, and the shortest time to overload was obtained with 100 microM H2O2. A 1-h preincubation of myocytes with the iron chelator deferoxamine inhibited all effects of H2O2. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, or halothane at 1 mM significantly and reversibly reduced [Ca2+]i transients but did not influence TBARS release or LDH leakage. Simultaneous exposure of myocytes to H2O2 and halocarbons did not affect the myocyte response to H2O2 exposure. Results indicate that the three halocarbons tested do not enhance H2O2-induced oxidative injury in isolated cardiac myocytes. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Toraason, M AU - Heinroth-Hoffmann, I AU - Richards, D AU - Woolery, M AU - Hoffmann, P AD - Cellular Toxicology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 489 EP - 507 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Trichloroethanes KW - 0 KW - 1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - 113C650IR1 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Halothane KW - UQT9G45D1P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Myocardium -- enzymology KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- pharmacology KW - Halothane -- pharmacology KW - Trichloroethanes -- pharmacology KW - Heart -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76420886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=H2O2-induced+oxidative+injury+in+rat+cardiac+myocytes+is+not+potentiated+by+1%2C1%2C1-trichloroethane%2C+carbon+tetrachloride%2C+or+halothane.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BHeinroth-Hoffmann%2C+I%3BRichards%2C+D%3BWoolery%2C+M%3BHoffmann%2C+P&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A chimeric protein comprised of IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin is cytotoxic for activated human lymphocytes. AN - 76412218; 8144944 AB - IL4-Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE4E) is a chimeric molecule in which human IL-4 is genetically fused to the mutated binding domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin. This molecule binds specifically to human IL-4 receptor-bearing cells. IL4-PE4E was extremely cytotoxic to highly purified anti-CD3-activated CD8+ T lymphocytes. The cytotoxic activity of this molecule was dependent on the activation state of CD8+ T cells: 3- and 4-day activated T cells were very susceptible to the cytotoxic activity of IL4-PE4E compared with 0- to 2-day activated cells. PHA-activated lymphocytes and PBL activated in mixed lymphocyte reaction were also highly sensitive to IL4-PE4E. CD16+ and/or CD56+ highly purified NK cells or highly purified, IL-2-activated NK cells were also very sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of IL4-PE4E. IL-2-activated LAK cells had little susceptibility after 1 day but were very sensitive to IL4-PE4E after 3 days. The cytotoxic effects of IL4-PE4E were mediated through a ligand receptor interaction because excess rIL-4 abrogated these effects as did a neutralizing Ab to human IL-4. A chimeric mutant protein that can bind to IL-4 receptors but lacks the ability to inhibit protein synthesis was not cytotoxic to activated lymphocytes. The IL4-PE4E-mediated cytotoxicity of activated T cells correlated with the level of expression of IL-4 receptors on these cells. CD8+ T cells activated for 3 days expressed the highest density of IL-4 receptors compared with 1- or 2-day activated cells. Among two chimeric toxins tested only IL4-PE4E was cytotoxic to 2-day anti-CD3-activated CD8+ T lymphocytes, whereas IL6-PE4E was not active at all. These studies suggest that human IL4 toxin could be a potent agent for the elimination of activated lymphocytes in allograft rejection, some autoimmune diseases, or treatment of lymphomas and leukemias. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Puri, R K AU - Mehrotra, P T AU - Leland, P AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Siegel, J P AU - Pastan, I AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1994/04/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Apr 01 SP - 3693 EP - 3700 VL - 152 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antigens, CD8 KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - Isoantigens KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Receptors, Mitogen KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Mitogen -- metabolism KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- drug effects KW - Antigens, CD8 -- analysis KW - Isoantigens -- immunology KW - Phytohemagglutinins -- pharmacology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- drug effects KW - Exotoxins -- chemistry KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- toxicity KW - Interleukin-4 -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76412218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=A+chimeric+protein+comprised+of+IL-4+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin+is+cytotoxic+for+activated+human+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BMehrotra%2C+P+T%3BLeland%2C+P%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BSiegel%2C+J+P%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of in vivo DNA adducts by 4 industrial by-products in the rat-lung-cell system. AN - 76406815; 7510829 AB - Benz[a]anthracene (BA), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DBP), and dibenz[a,h]acridine (DBAC) are by-products found in many industrial wastes and emissions. Workers in the related occupational settings are potentially exposed to these substances through inhalation. In the present study, induction of DNA adducts in vivo by these chemicals was investigated using 32P-postlabeling analysis in the rat-lung-cell system. The potency of DNA-adduct inducing activity was also compared to that of two cytogenetic endpoints i.e., sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus formation. Via intratracheal instillation, male CD rats (6/group) were dosed 3 times with BA, DBA, DBP or DBAC in a 24-h interval. Lung cells were enzymatically separated and used to determine the frequency of DNA adducts, SCE and micronuclei. Results show that all 4 test compounds induced DNA adducts, SCEs, and micronuclei in the rat-lung cell in vivo and that the postlabeling DNA adduct assay detected genotoxic activity at lower dose levels than the two cytogenetic assays. These findings suggest that BA, DBA, DBP or DBAC are rat pulmonary genotoxicants and the DNA-adduct assay is more sensitive than SCE or micronucleus assays for detecting the pulmonary genotoxicity of these industrial PAHs in the in vivo rat-lung-cell system. JF - Mutation research AU - Whong, W Z AU - Stewart, J D AU - Cutler, D AU - Ong, T AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 165 EP - 172 VL - 312 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Acridines KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - Benzopyrenes KW - Industrial Waste KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - dibenzacridine KW - 088X9K64S8 KW - dibenzo(a,i)pyrene KW - 7FMI112D18 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - benz(a)anthracene KW - C5PLF6152K KW - 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene KW - T30ELH3D5X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Acridines -- toxicity KW - Benzopyrenes -- metabolism KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Benzopyrenes -- toxicity KW - Acridines -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Industrial Waste -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76406815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+in+vivo+DNA+adducts+by+4+industrial+by-products+in+the+rat-lung-cell+system.&rft.au=Whong%2C+W+Z%3BStewart%2C+J+D%3BCutler%2C+D%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whong&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=312&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of vanadium pentoxide in Chinese hamster V79 cells. AN - 76402570; 7510843 AB - Workers in many mining and manufacturing industries are potentially exposed to vanadium. Inhalation of dust containing vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), a pentavalent compound of vanadium, has been reported to cause lung diseases. Information related to the genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of V2O5, however, is still limited. In this study, the effect of V2O5 on mitosis, sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus formation (MN), and gene mutation in Chinese hamster V79 cells was determined. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of V2O5 for 24 h. The results showed that no significant increases in the frequencies of SCE or gene mutation occurred in V2O5-treated cultures. However, dose-related increases were noted for micronucleated cells in cultures exposed to this compound, and the number of binucleated cells in the presence of cytochalasin B was found to decrease with increasing V2O5 concentrations. Since the micronucleated cells induced by V2O5 contained kinetochore-positive micronuclei, their induction appears to be due to damage to the spindle apparatus. These results indicate that V2O5 is cytotoxic and aneuploidogenic to V79 cells. JF - Mutation research AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Gu, Z W AU - Wallace, W E AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T AD - Microbiology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 35 EP - 42 VL - 321 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Antibodies, Antinuclear KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Vanadium Compounds KW - vanadium pentoxide KW - BVG363OH7A KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Cricetulus KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mitosis -- drug effects KW - Centromere -- drug effects KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Cricetinae KW - Aneuploidy KW - Vanadium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Spindle Apparatus -- drug effects KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76402570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+vanadium+pentoxide+in+Chinese+hamster+V79+cells.&rft.au=Zhong%2C+B+Z%3BGu%2C+Z+W%3BWallace%2C+W+E%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=321&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, structural determination, and biological activity of 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol, the principal human metabolite of taxol. AN - 76388384; 7907372 AB - The principal biotransformation product of taxol was found to be identical for human hepatic microsomes, human liver slices, and patient bile samples. We have isolated this metabolite from the bile of a patient given taxol, and we report its structure and its cytotoxicity relative to taxol. The NMR and SIMS data presented here indicate that, in humans, taxol is regiospecifically hydroxylated at the 6-position on the taxane ring and that this hydroxyl is stereospecifically placed trans to the hydroxyl at position 7, yielding 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol. This metabolite is apparently not formed in rats. Tests of the growth inhibition potential of 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol versus taxol in two human tumor cell lines showed that the metabolite was approximately 30-fold less cytotoxic than taxol. Thus the cytochrome P-450-mediated biotransformation of taxol to 6 alpha-hydroxytaxol can be classified as a detoxification reaction. JF - Journal of medicinal chemistry AU - Harris, J W AU - Katki, A AU - Anderson, L W AU - Chmurny, G N AU - Paukstelis, J V AU - Collins, J M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/03/04/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Mar 04 SP - 706 EP - 709 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2623, 0022-2623 KW - Taxoids KW - 0 KW - 6-hydroxytaxol KW - 153212-75-0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Bile -- chemistry KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Cell Line KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Hydroxylation KW - Paclitaxel -- chemistry KW - Paclitaxel -- pharmacokinetics KW - Paclitaxel -- analogs & derivatives KW - Paclitaxel -- pharmacology KW - Paclitaxel -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76388384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medicinal+chemistry&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+structural+determination%2C+and+biological+activity+of+6+alpha-hydroxytaxol%2C+the+principal+human+metabolite+of+taxol.&rft.au=Harris%2C+J+W%3BKatki%2C+A%3BAnderson%2C+L+W%3BChmurny%2C+G+N%3BPaukstelis%2C+J+V%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-03-04&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medicinal+chemistry&rft.issn=00222623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging trends in nonclinical safety assessment for therapeutics. AN - 76842818; 7973374 JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Contrera, J F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Research Resources, Rockville, Maryland 20857. PY - 1994 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76842818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Emerging+trends+in+nonclinical+safety+assessment+for+therapeutics.&rft.au=Contrera%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates and outcomes of alcohol use disorder among rural outpatients with schizophrenia. AN - 76682225; 8071247 AB - The use of alcohol by persons with schizophrenia is common and has been associated with increased severity of psychiatric symptoms, multiple psychosocial problems, abuse of other drugs, and poor treatment outcomes. Most of the previous research in this area has been with urban patients. The authors examined the correlates and outcomes of alcohol use in a rural sample of 75 DSM-III-R outpatients with schizophrenia. Based on multiple measures, 25% (N = 19) of 75 rural patients with schizophrenia were diagnosed with current co-occurring alcohol use disorders. Clinicians' ratings and self-reported symptoms were used to examine correlates of alcohol use, and the study group was followed prospectively for 1 year to identify all episodes of rehospitalization, incarceration, or literal homelessness. Alcohol use disorder was statistically significantly associated with unstable housing, conceptual disorganization, denial of mental illness, and rehospitalization during 1-year follow-up. Several trends suggested that alcohol use was also related to positive symptoms of psychosis. Among rural patients with schizophrenia, alcohol use appears to play a significant role in destabilizing psychosocial adjustment. These results replicate similar findings in urban settings. JF - The Journal of clinical psychiatry AU - Osher, F C AU - Drake, R E AU - Noordsy, D L AU - Teague, G B AU - Hurlbut, S C AU - Biesanz, J C AU - Beaudett, M S AD - Division of Demonstration Programs, Center for Mental Health Services, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 109 EP - 113 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0160-6689, 0160-6689 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rural Population KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Schizophrenic Psychology KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Schizophrenia -- epidemiology KW - Ambulatory Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76682225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Correlates+and+outcomes+of+alcohol+use+disorder+among+rural+outpatients+with+schizophrenia.&rft.au=Osher%2C+F+C%3BDrake%2C+R+E%3BNoordsy%2C+D+L%3BTeague%2C+G+B%3BHurlbut%2C+S+C%3BBiesanz%2C+J+C%3BBeaudett%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Osher&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.issn=01606689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult versus developmental neurotoxicology: an occupational perspective of similarities and differences. AN - 76621933; 8052196 AB - Most readers of this journal are involved in neurotoxicology research, whether it is in adult or developing organisms. Although there are a number of similarities between adult and developmental neurotoxicology, there are also a number of differences. The intent of this "perspective" is to highlight some of the similarities and differences between these disciplines in the hopes of enhancing communication among neurotoxicologists. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Nelson, B K AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226. PY - 1994 SP - 213 EP - 218 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Nervous System Physiological Phenomena KW - Neurology -- trends KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Nervous System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76621933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Adult+versus+developmental+neurotoxicology%3A+an+occupational+perspective+of+similarities+and+differences.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introducing MEDWatch. A new approach to reporting medication and device adverse effects and product problems. AN - 76600096; 8039699 JF - General hospital psychiatry AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 96 EP - 101; discussion 102 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0163-8343, 0163-8343 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Documentation -- methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Materials Testing KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Equipment Failure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76600096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+hospital+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Introducing+MEDWatch.+A+new+approach+to+reporting+medication+and+device+adverse+effects+and+product+problems.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+hospital+psychiatry&rft.issn=01638343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of peroxidase-catalyzed reactions by arylamines: mechanism for the anti-thyroid action of sulfamethazine. AN - 76521721; 8199304 AB - Sulfonamide antibiotics, typified by sulfamethazine (SMZ), are widely used in veterinary practice. Sulfonamide residues in milk and meat products are of regulatory concern since SMZ is a thyroid carcinogen in rodents and sulfonamide-induced hypersensitivity reactions, including hypothyroidism, have been reported in humans. SMZ and other primary arylamines inhibited iodination reactions catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and the closely related lactoperoxidase (LPO). Inhibition of LPO-catalyzed triiodide ion formation by SMZ and other primary arylamines was complex as both apparent Km and Vmax values were affected, but consistent with a rapid equilibrium binding mechanism. The apparent Ki for SMZ inhibition of TPO- and LPO-catalyzed iodide ion oxidation was approximately 0.42 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The corresponding Ki values for a series of para-substituted anilines correlated with the ease of one-electron N-oxidation as measured by ionization potentials determined from semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. The aniline derivatives containing electron-donating substituents (e.g., p-CH3, p-OEt, p-Cl) were converted by LPO to colored products characteristic of one-electron oxidation. However, sulfonamides were not consumed in such reactions nor were any N-oxygenated derivatives formed in the absence of ascorbate (e.g., hydroxylamino, nitroso, nitro, azoxy). These observations suggest that the primary mechanism for sulfonamide-induced hypothyroidism is reversible inhibition of TPO-mediated thyroid hormone synthesis and not the formation and covalent binding of reactive N-oxygenated metabolites. These results are consistent with a hormonal mechanism for SMZ-induced thyroid carcinogenesis mediated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Doerge, D R AU - Decker, C J AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1994 SP - 164 EP - 169 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Lactoperoxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Peroxidases KW - Iodide Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lactoperoxidase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Peroxidases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Amines -- pharmacology KW - Thyroid Gland -- enzymology KW - Sulfamethazine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76521721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+peroxidase-catalyzed+reactions+by+arylamines%3A+mechanism+for+the+anti-thyroid+action+of+sulfamethazine.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BDecker%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. AN - 76521229; 8200213 AB - Depo-Provera (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate or DMPA), administered either subcutaneously or intramuscularly, has undergone a thorough toxicological evaluation in a number of animal species. DMPA has been tested in short- and long-term toxicity studies in rodents, rabbits, and monkeys. It has been examined for its effects on reproduction in mice, rats, and rabbits, and for carcinogenic potential in rats, mice, beagle dogs, and rhesus monkeys. Genotoxicity tests have been performed in vitro and in vivo. This paper describes the toxicology data submitted to the US FDA in support of the New Drug Application (NDA) for Depo-Provera as well as data published in the literature. When interpreted in the light of the available pharmacokinetic information, these data demonstrate that DMPA is not significantly different from other contraceptive progestogens in its toxic and tumorigenic potential. JF - Contraception AU - Jordan, A AD - Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products, United States Food and Drug Administration. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 189 EP - 201 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0010-7824, 0010-7824 KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate KW - C2QI4IOI2G KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - United States KW - Measurement KW - Depo-provera--side effects KW - Research Methodology KW - Physiology KW - Testing KW - Developed Countries KW - Risk Assessment KW - Evaluation KW - Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--side effects KW - Product Approval KW - Family Planning KW - Contraceptive Agents--side effects KW - North America KW - Americas KW - Research Report KW - Toxicity KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate--side effects KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Knowledge KW - Northern America KW - Contraception KW - Contraceptive Agents, Female--side effects KW - Clinical Research KW - Biology KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Mutagenesis KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- pharmacokinetics KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- administration & dosage KW - Medroxyprogesterone Acetate -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76521229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contraception&rft.atitle=Toxicology+of+depot+medroxyprogesterone+acetate.&rft.au=Jordan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contraception&rft.issn=00107824&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products: IDF collaborative study. AN - 76515851; 8199474 AB - A collaborative study was conducted on the recovery of viable Listeria monocytogenes from milk and dairy products (Camembert cheese, Limburger cheese, skim milk powder, and ice cream). Test portions were homogenized with Listeria-selective liquid enrichment medium and cultured at 30 degrees C for 48 h. The enrichment culture was then subcultured onto a solid isolation medium at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Suspected Listeria colonies were identified by appropriate conventional morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. Five kinds of dairy matrixes were spiked with L. monocytogenes at 2 levels: 12 and 120 colony forming units (cfu)/25 g. Each of the 18 collaborating laboratories analyzed 15 blind test portions from each matrix, comprising 5 replicates at each spiking level and 5 uninoculated controls, for a total of 1350 analyses. The specificity of the method was 100%; its sensitivity was 94-100% at the high spiking level and 89-98% at the low spiking level, except for Limburger cheese, which was only 68%. No specificity or sensitivity differences were observed between laboratories for all matrixes at the high spiking level and for all except Limburger cheese at the low spiking level. The calculated 50% detection limit for all products except Limburger cheese was 1.6 cfu/25 g; the 50% detection limit for Limburger cheese itself was 4.1 cfu/25 g. The method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Twedt, R M AU - Hitchins, A D AU - Prentice, G A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 395 EP - 402 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Microbiological Techniques KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Dairy Products -- microbiology KW - Milk -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76515851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+presence+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+milk+and+dairy+products%3A+IDF+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Twedt%2C+R+M%3BHitchins%2C+A+D%3BPrentice%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Twedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual screening with enzyme immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods: collaborative study. AN - 76512753; 8199471 AB - Selected foods containing 4-10 ng each of a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin serotypes A-E were tested by 15 collaborators. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) was used with polyvalent antisera to these serotypes in a polyclonal antibody double "sandwich" configuration. Controls were free of toxin. Foods (25 g test samples) were homogenized with Tris (0.25 M, pH 8.0) and centrifuged. The food extract was filtered through cotton and mixed with sample additive. For the EIA, 200 microL aliquots of the treated extracts were added to previously washed microtiter wells coated with antibody to staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes A-E. Wells were washed and treated with the polyvalent antisera (A-E)-enzyme conjugate, and then washed again. Substrate was added, and wells were incubated. After incubation, stop solution was added. Results were determined visually and by measuring absorbance using a microtiter plate reader. In foods containing enterotoxin, bluish-green color was developed (positive result). Test solutions with absorbances > 0.200 were considered positive; those with absorbances < or = 0.200 were negative. The method is sensitive and specific, and allows the rapid assay of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods without differentiating their serotypes. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Bennett, R W AU - McClure, F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 357 EP - 364 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Enterotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Color KW - Food Microbiology KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- isolation & purification KW - Enterotoxins -- analysis KW - Staphylococcal Food Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76512753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Visual+screening+with+enzyme+immunoassay+for+staphylococcal+enterotoxins+in+foods%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+R+W%3BMcClure%2C+F&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of hairs of three Asian commensal mammals: Suncus murinus, Bandicota bengalensis, and Rattus exulans. AN - 76510766; 8199475 AB - Hairs of 3 major Asian commensal mammals, Suncus murinus (L.), Bandicota bengalensis (Gray and Hardwicke), and Rattus exulans (Peale), were studied, identified, and compared with those of better-known commensal species to provide an overview of their hair morphologies. Techniques were developed for authentic hair specimen collection and rapid slide mounting to aid in the timely analysis of food products. The study showed that hairs of B. bengalensis and R. exulans are easily identified to the regulatory category of "rat or mouse hair," whereas identification of S. murinus contaminant hairs is possible to the species level. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Bryce, J R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Los Angeles, CA 90015. PY - 1994 SP - 403 EP - 410 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Asia KW - Species Specificity KW - Hair -- ultrastructure KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76510766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Identification+of+hairs+of+three+Asian+commensal+mammals%3A+Suncus+murinus%2C+Bandicota+bengalensis%2C+and+Rattus+exulans.&rft.au=Bryce%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ethanol and vitamin A excess on vitamin A status in the liver, plasma and foetuses of pregnant rats. AN - 76438990; 8157219 AB - The effect of maternal consumption of dietary ethanol and high doses of vitamin A by gavage was investigated by evaluating plasma, liver and foetal vitamin A in Osborne-Mendel pregnant rats with a view to assessing whether ethanol modulated the potential toxicity of excess vitamin A. All groups received 4000 IU vitamin A/litre in a liquid diet. Ethanol-exposed groups also received 6.4% (v/v) ethanol in the liquid diet. Vitamin A was administered by gavage once per day in corn oil in doses ranging from 10,000 to 160,000 IU/kg body weight. Plasma vitamin A levels in ethanol-exposed groups were similar to levels in a pair-fed group. Plasma vitamin A levels were similar in the group given ethanol plus 40,000 IU vitamin A/kg and the group given 40,000 IU vitamin A/kg only, but were higher in the group receiving ethanol plus 80,000 IU vitamin A/kg than in the group given 80,000 IU vitamin A/kg only. Retinyl esters were present in the plasma of animals receiving 160,000 IU vitamin A/kg only, indicating possible saturation of the liver with vitamin A. Retinyl palmitate levels in female foetuses of the group administered ethanol plus 80,000 IU vitamin A/kg were significantly higher than those of the group administered 80,000 IU vitamin A/kg only; no significant differences in levels of retinyl palmitate in male foetuses were observed between these two groups. This observation suggests a possible sex difference in the modulation of vitamin A toxicity by ethanol in the foetus. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sundaresan, P R AU - Collins, T F AU - Whitby, K E AU - Welsh, J J AU - Black, T N AU - Shackelford, M AU - Flynn, T AU - Newell, R F AU - O'Donnell, M W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 247 EP - 254 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - retinol palmitate KW - 1D1K0N0VVC KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Vitamin A -- blood KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Vitamin A -- analogs & derivatives KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Vitamin A -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Vitamin A -- toxicity KW - Ethanol -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Vitamin A -- metabolism KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76438990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ethanol+and+vitamin+A+excess+on+vitamin+A+status+in+the+liver%2C+plasma+and+foetuses+of+pregnant+rats.&rft.au=Sundaresan%2C+P+R%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BWhitby%2C+K+E%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BShackelford%2C+M%3BFlynn%2C+T%3BNewell%2C+R+F%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Sundaresan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of sodium saccharin co-carcinogenicity in the rat. AN - 76436719; 8157214 AB - A co-carcinogenicity experiment was conducted with female Sprague-Dawley rats in which the effects of short-term sodium saccharin dosing and initiation with a direct-acting carcinogen were examined in the urinary bladder. All initiated animals were administered 0.5 mg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) by instillation into the bladder at 8 wk of age. The animals were also given saccharin at one of four levels in the diet (0, 1.0, 2.5 or 5%) for 4 wk either (1) just before treatment with MNU (4-8 wk of age), (2) centred on treatment with MNU (6-10 wk of age) or (3) after MNU treatment (8-12 wk of age). Additionally, a group of animals was exposed to saccharin through the milk for 3 wk by dosing the mothers, starting on the day of parturition. The animals were held on control diet until interim killing of 20 animals per group at about 590 days of age, removal for morbidity, or terminal killing of the remainder of 60 animals per treatment around 780 days of age. A histopathological examination was made of the urinary tract and the relationship of saccharin dose to bladder tumour prevalence analysed statistically. A consistent increase (with very weak statistical significance) in tumour rate at interim killing, and for the pathology data overall, was shown by the 2.5% dose group given saccharin from 8 to 12 wk of age. Tumour prevalences of 47.6 and 40.7% v. control prevalences of 21.1 and 25.4% were observed for the two time periods (P values < 0.076 and < 0.0853, respectively). All groups given saccharin neonatally showed increased tumour prevalence for both time periods, but none of the differences was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. No consistent increase in tumour prevalence was seen in the groups given saccharin from 4 to 8 or 6 to 10 wk of age; thus, these data suggest that saccharin does not act as a strong co-carcinogen in the MNU-treated rat bladder. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - West, R W AU - Sheldon, W G AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Allen, R R AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 207 EP - 213 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Saccharin KW - FST467XS7D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Female KW - Urinary Bladder -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Transitional Cell -- pathology KW - Saccharin -- administration & dosage KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Methylnitrosourea -- administration & dosage KW - Saccharin -- toxicity KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Carcinoma, Transitional Cell -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76436719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Study+of+sodium+saccharin+co-carcinogenicity+in+the+rat.&rft.au=West%2C+R+W%3BSheldon%2C+W+G%3BGaylor%2C+D+W%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further studies of the role of hyperthermia in methamphetamine neurotoxicity. AN - 76407809; 8138969 AB - The depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) that can occur after methamphetamine (METH) administration has been linked to METH-induced hyperthermia. The relationship between METH-induced hyperthermia, neurotoxicity (striatal DA depletions) and compounds that protect against METH neurotoxicity was further investigated in this study. Typically, rats exposed to METH die when their body temperatures exceed 41.3 degrees C but such hyperthermic rats can be saved by hypothermic intervention. Subsequently, rats saved by hypothermic intervention have greater depletion of striatal DA at an earlier time of onset (18 hr or less post-METH) than do METH-exposed rats that do not attain such high temperatures. Striatal damage was present 3 days post-METH in these hyperthermic rats, as assessed by silver degeneration of terminals and increases in the astrocytes that express glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. By contrast, alterations in the number of [3H]dizoclipine (MK-801) binding sites in cortical or striatal membranes at 1, 3 or 14 days post-METH were not detected. The experiments showed that mean and maximal body temperature correlated well with striatal DA concentrations 3 days post-METH (r = -0.77, n = 58), which suggests a role for hyperthermia in METH neurotoxicity. However, hyperthermia (alone or with haloperidol present) induced by high ambient temperatures did not deplete striatal DA in the absence of METH. Haloperidol, diazepam and MK-801 all reduced METH-induced striatal DA depletion to a degree predicted by their inhibition of hyperthermia and increased ambient temperature abolished their neuroprotection. Although an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduced maximal body temperature enough to lower the lethality rate, it did not reduce the temperature sufficiently to block METH neurotoxicity. It was concluded that short- and long-term decreases in striatal DA levels depend on the degree of hyperthermia produced during METH exposure but cannot be produced by hyperthermia alone. In addition, several agents that block DA depletions do so by inhibiting METH-induced hyperthermia. Finally, the results suggested a role for interleukin-1 in the extreme hyperthermia and lethality produced by METH. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Davies, D L AU - Schmued, L AU - Broening, H W AU - Newport, G D AU - Slikker, W AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 1571 EP - 1580 VL - 268 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Receptors, Glutamate KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-1 -- pharmacology KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- deficiency KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Glutamate -- metabolism KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Prefrontal Cortex -- drug effects KW - Binding Sites KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Hypothermia, Induced KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Hyperthermia, Induced KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76407809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Further+studies+of+the+role+of+hyperthermia+in+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BDavies%2C+D+L%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BBroening%2C+H+W%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age specific interactions between smoking and radon among United States uranium miners. AN - 76394856; 8130848 AB - United States uranium miners who smoked have death rates from lung cancer that are intermediate between the rates predicted by the additive and multiplicative models (on a ratio scale) across all age groups. Age specific patterns of interaction have not been thoroughly examined, and most analyses have been internal ones in which there was no truly non-exposed group. Here age specific death rates of lung cancer among ever smoking uranium miners have been examined for conformity with the additive and multiplicative models. The multiplicative model fits well for the youngest and oldest categories, but poorly for the middle age ranges. In the middle age range, predicted rates under the multiplicative model were quite high, surpassing the corresponding United States death rates for all causes combined. If the multiplicative model is assumed to hold across all ages, one hypothesis that might explain the observed age specific patterns is that the full expression on the multiplicative model might not be seen at certain ages due to a limited pool of miners susceptible to lung cancer. These data, however, have several limitations such as small numbers of deaths from lung cancer among never smokers, the use of qualitative rather than quantitative smoking and radon exposure data, and ignorance of the underlying biological mechanisms of interaction. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 192 EP - 194 VL - 51 IS - 3 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Mining KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Radon -- adverse effects KW - Uranium -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76394856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Age+specific+interactions+between+smoking+and+radon+among+United+States+uranium+miners.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Public Health Rep. 1980 May-Jun;95(3):213-22 [7384406] J Occup Med. 1986 Feb;28(2):110-8 [3512802] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] JAMA. 1989 Aug 4;262(5):629-33 [2746814] Health Phys. 1987 Apr;52(4):417-30 [3032855] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The estimated effect of oral contraceptive use on the cumulative risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. AN - 76389168; 8127536 AB - To determine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on the cumulative incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer from ages 20-40, 20-50, and 20-55 years among four groups of women: positive family history, negative family history, parous, and nulliparous. Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study data were combined with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Network to provide estimates of the age-specific incidence rates of epithelial ovarian cancer among never-users of OCs in the four specified groups of women. These rates provided the basis for calculating cumulative incidences. The rates in women using OCs were estimated from meta-analyses of the epidemiologic literature, using regression equations expressing the log-relative rate of epithelial ovarian cancer as a function of duration of use and recency. In all four groups, the cumulative number of epithelial ovarian cancer cases estimated to occur per 100,000 OC users, compared to never-users, decreased with increasing duration of OC use. Our results suggest that 5 years of OC use by nulliparous women can reduce their ovarian cancer risk to the level seen in parous women who never use OCs, and that 10 years of OC use by women with a positive family history can reduce their risk to a level below that for women whose family history is negative and who never use OCs. These data represent the first published estimates of the effect of OC use on the cumulative incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer by family history and by parity. The demonstrated substantial noncontraceptive benefit from OCs justifies their judicious use as a potentially powerful resource for primary prevention in women at high risk of ovarian cancer. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Gross, T P AU - Schlesselman, J J AD - Division of Biometric Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 419 EP - 424 VL - 83 IS - 3 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76389168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=The+estimated+effect+of+oral+contraceptive+use+on+the+cumulative+risk+of+epithelial+ovarian+cancer.&rft.au=Gross%2C+T+P%3BSchlesselman%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00297844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated fusion by modulating an accessory component(s) in CD4-expressing cells. AN - 76362256; 7906314 AB - The phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) strongly inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced syncytium formation; it has been suggested that this inhibitory effect is due to the transient downmodulation of the surface-associated CD4 receptors by PMA (I. H. Chowdhury, Y. Koyanagi, S. Kobayashi, Y. Hamamoto, H. Yoshiyama, T. Yoshida, and N. Yamamoto, Virology 176:126-132, 1990). Surprisingly, PMA treatment of cells expressing truncated (A2.01.CD4.401) and hybrid (A2.01.CD4.CD8) CD4 molecules, which are not downmodulated (P. Bedinger, A. Moriarty, R. C. von Borstel II, N. J. Donovan, K. S. Steimer, and D. R. Littman, Nature [London] 334:162-165, 1988), inhibited their fusion with CD4- (12E1) cells expressing vaccinia virus-encoded HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120-gp41) and with chronically HIV-1-infected H9 (MN, IIIB, or RF) cells. PMA pretreatment of T (12E1) and non-T (HeLa, U937.3, and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B) cell lines expressing vaccinia virus-encoded CD4 also blocked fusion with 12E1 cells expressing vaccinia virus-encoded gp120-gp41. Interestingly, pretreatment of the gp120-gp41-expressing 12E1 cells with PMA did not alter their fusion with untreated CD4-expressing cells. Although the inhibitory effect of PMA was rapid and treatment for 1.5 h with 5 ng of PMA per ml was sufficient to reduce fusion by more than 50%, the recovery after treatment was slow and more than 40 h was needed before the cells regained half of their fusion potential. The inhibitory effect of PMA was blocked by staurosporine in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that it is mediated by protein kinase C. PMA treatment of A2.01.CD4.401 cells reduced the number of infected cells 6.7-fold, as estimated by a quantitative analysis of the HIV-1 MN infection kinetics, probably by affecting the stage of virus entry into cells. CD26 surface expression was not significantly changed by PMA treatment. We conclude that PMA inhibits the CD4-gp120-gp41-mediated fusion by modulating an accessory component(s), different from CD26, in the target CD4-expressing cells. These findings suggest a novel approach for identification of accessory molecules involved in fusion and may have implications for the development of antiviral agents. JF - Journal of virology AU - Golding, H AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Vujcic, L AU - Blumenthal, R AU - Dimitrov, D S AD - Division of Virology, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 1962 EP - 1969 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 KW - EC 3.4.14.5 KW - Staurosporine KW - H88EPA0A3N KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 -- physiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Cell Fusion -- drug effects KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- physiology KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Virus Replication -- drug effects KW - Giant Cells -- physiology KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte -- physiology KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line KW - Antigens, CD4 -- physiology KW - Membrane Fusion -- drug effects KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - HIV-1 -- growth & development KW - HIV-1 -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76362256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=The+phorbol+ester+phorbol+myristate+acetate+inhibits+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+envelope-mediated+fusion+by+modulating+an+accessory+component%28s%29+in+CD4-expressing+cells.&rft.au=Golding%2C+H%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BVujcic%2C+L%3BBlumenthal%2C+R%3BDimitrov%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1962&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Immunol Methods. 1985 Dec 17;85(1):65-74 [3908562] Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):2045-50 [7903479] Nature. 1986 Jul 31-Aug 6;322(6078):470-4 [3016552] Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):333-48 [3094962] Nature. 1986 Oct 23-29;323(6090):725-8 [3095663] Cell. 1987 Jun 5;49(5):659-68 [3107838] Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):162-5 [3260353] Virology. 1989 Feb;168(2):267-73 [2464872] J Immunol. 1990 Mar 15;144(6):2131-9 [1690235] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2149-56 [2109100] Virology. 1990 May;176(1):126-32 [1970444] AIDS. 1990 Jun;4(6):553-8 [1974767] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(10):965-74 [2398460] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):31-41 [1985202] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991 Jan;7(1):3-16 [2015114] FEBS Lett. 1991 Jul 29;286(1-2):233-6 [1677898] J Virol. 1991 Sep;65(9):4893-901 [1714523] AIDS. 1991 Jul;5(7):871-5 [1909875] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991 Oct;7(10):799-805 [1742075] J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):132-8 [1727475] Biomed Biochim Acta. 1991;50(4-6):781-9 [1686971] AIDS. 1991 Dec;5(12):1425-32 [1687645] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4794-802 [1629956] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Aug 31;187(1):209-16 [1520301] AIDS. 1992 Jun;6(6):533-9 [1388873] J Virol. 1993 Feb;67(2):913-26 [8419649] J Virol. 1993 Mar;67(3):1647-52 [8437234] Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):483-91 [8438583] J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2182-90 [8445728] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):15291-7 [8325899] Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1123-7 [3010463] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of mild gasification products in Salmonella typhimurium. AN - 76346656; 7508552 AB - Mild gasification is a coal-conversion technology that is currently under development in order to help meet future energy needs. 7 products from this process were assayed for mutagenic activity in the pre-incubation variant of the Salmonella assay (Ames test) using both DMSO and Tween 80 as sample solvents. Significant mutagenic activity was detected only in the wide-boiling-point composite materials, and the amount of this activity was found to be dependent on the solvent utilized. The highest number of revertants detected were on TA98 and its O-acetyltransferase over-producing derivative, YG1024, in the presence of the S9 microsomal fraction. Aromatic amines were suggested as a possible source of the mutagenic activity elicited. An examination of the liquid and tar phases of one composite material (MG-120) indicated that the mutagenic activity was restricted to the tar phase. JF - Mutation research AU - Stamm, S C AU - Lan, W AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T AD - Microbiology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 261 EP - 271 VL - 320 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Fossil Fuels KW - Polysorbates KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Fossil Fuels -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Coal -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76346656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+mild+gasification+products+in+Salmonella+typhimurium.&rft.au=Stamm%2C+S+C%3BLan%2C+W%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Stamm&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Perceived Availability and Risk of Harm of Drugs: Estimates from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Advance Report Number 5. AN - 62808917; ED372314 AB - This report contains national estimates of Americans' perceptions of the availability of various illicit drugs and of the risk of harm associated with their drug use. These 1992 estimates are part of an ongoing national survey. The report analyzes three basic perceptions concerning drugs: (1) the relationship between perceptions and use; (2) availability; and (3) risk of harm. On the first perception, results show that drug use correlated with attitudes and beliefs about drugs. Among those who reported that marijuana was easy to get, the rate of current marijuana use was 6.6 percent, compared to a usage rate of only 1.4 percent among those who reported that marijuana was not easy to obtain. For the second perception, 59 percent reported that marijuana was easily procured, with 40 percent claiming that cocaine or crack was readily obtained. Changes in perceived availability from 1991 to 1992 were small and there were decreases in the percent reporting the ready availability of marijuana and cocaine or crack. For the perceived risk of harm, 45 percent believed that occasional marijuana use was associated with great risk of harm, while 68 percent claimed that trying cocaine once or twice could lead to great risk or harm. Perceptions were also recorded on other drugs and on tobacco use. Survey results are presented in 12 tables. (RJM) AU - Gfroerer, Joseph Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 60 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Heroin KW - National Surveys KW - Marijuana KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Crack KW - Tobacco KW - Attitude Measures KW - Cocaine KW - Trend Analysis KW - Public Opinion KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62808917?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Tables contain small print. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Child Health USA '93. AN - 62712766; ED376387 AB - This annual report presents data on the health status and needs of American children from infancy through adolescence. The report's first section gives general population data, providing context for sections two and three, which present data on health status and service utilization for American children. The fourth section contains state-specific data on infant health which show the variability among states on basic health measures. The data indicate that gaps exist in primary care which could save the lives or improve the health of millions of children. Almost half of American children were not receiving immunizations at the recommended ages. Almost 28% of children aged 5-17 had not had a dental visit in the previous year. From ages 1-20, children and adolescents are more likely to die from injury than from any other cause, in spite of simple precautions, such as wearing bicycle helmets, a practice that could have prevented many injuries. Data indicate that greater efforts should be made to combat abuse, neglect, drugs, and violence in the family. School-based and school-linked services are both promising ways to make better health services and information available to children and their families. Health care reform, providing universal health insurance coverage, help bring American children and their families appropriate health promotion, disease prevention, disease treatment, and chronic care. (Contains 46 references.) (CC) Y1 - 1994/03// PY - 1994 DA - March 1994 SP - 63 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. VL - DHHS-HRSA-MCH-94-1 KW - Health Care Reform KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Death KW - Mortality Rate KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Primary Health Care KW - Children KW - School Health Services KW - Demography KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Prevention KW - Child Abuse KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62712766?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce well. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of typologies for treatment. A planner's perspective. AN - 76426782; 8154685 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Jaffe, J H AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/02/28/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 28 SP - 230 EP - 237 VL - 708 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- classification KW - Alcoholism -- classification KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76426782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Implications+of+typologies+for+treatment.+A+planner%27s+perspective.&rft.au=Jaffe%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-02-28&rft.volume=708&rft.issue=&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo-in vitro correlation of myelotoxicity of 9-methoxypyrazoloacridine (NSC-366140, PD115934) to myeloid and erythroid hematopoietic progenitors from human, murine, and canine marrow. AN - 76442288; 8158681 AB - 9-Methoxypyrazoloacridine (PZA) is an anticancer agent that shows selectivity of action for carcinomas over leukemias. It also has nearly equal potency against cycling and quiescent or hypoxic and normoxic target cells. Phase I trials of PZA in humans are nearing completion. This study was conducted to determine (a) if PZA is directly inhibitory to hematopoietic cells and, if it is, to characterize the inhibition pharmacodynamically, (b) whether species-specific differences in direct toxicity could explain differences in myelosuppression in mice, dogs, and humans, and (c) whether in vitro data correlate with in vivo myelosuppression data. In vitro clonogenic assays of hematopoietic progenitors of myeloid and erythroid lineages from human, canine, and murine femoral marrow were used to measure the direct toxicity of PZA. Results from these assays were compared on an area-under-the-curve (AUC) basis to clinical myelosuppression data. On the basis of maximum tolerated concentrations, canine hematopoietic progenitors are most susceptible to PZA, followed by human and then murine progenitors. We found no difference in susceptibility to PZA toxicity between the human progenitors of myeloid and erythroid lineages. Both concentration and duration of exposure contribute to the in vitro toxicity of PZA. In contrast to antimetabolites, the in vitro toxicity of PZA could be minimized at a given AUC by lowering drug concentration and prolonging the period of exposure. On an AUC basis, the in vitro data are consistent with limited in vivo myelosuppression data from preclinical models and correlate with neutropenia data from a phase I trial. PZA directly inhibits hematopoietic progenitors, an action that is responsible for the myelosuppression observed in humans. Human marrow appears able to compensate for the loss of up to 35% of its myeloid progenitors, in that peripheral neutrophil counts remain unchanged at that level of loss. Although in vivo studies show that prolonged infusion reduces myelosuppression at a given total dose in both rodent and canine models, pharmacokinetic differences make it unlikely that this approach will benefit human patients. The in vitro data quantitatively predict the AUCs at maximum tolerated dose in preclinical models and human patients. Thus, in vitro clonogenic assays of myelotoxic agents can provide data that make both preclinical toxicology testing and clinical trial planning and interpretation more efficient and accurate. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Parchment, R E AU - Volpe, D A AU - LoRusso, P M AU - Erickson-Miller, C L AU - Murphy, M J AU - Grieshaber, C K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994/02/16/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 16 SP - 273 EP - 280 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Acridines KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Pyrazoles KW - NSC 366140 KW - 99009-20-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Leukocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Mice KW - Erythroid Precursor Cells -- drug effects KW - Pyrazoles -- toxicity KW - Acridines -- toxicity KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76442288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=In+vivo-in+vitro+correlation+of+myelotoxicity+of+9-methoxypyrazoloacridine+%28NSC-366140%2C+PD115934%29+to+myeloid+and+erythroid+hematopoietic+progenitors+from+human%2C+murine%2C+and+canine+marrow.&rft.au=Parchment%2C+R+E%3BVolpe%2C+D+A%3BLoRusso%2C+P+M%3BErickson-Miller%2C+C+L%3BMurphy%2C+M+J%3BGrieshaber%2C+C+K&rft.aulast=Parchment&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-02-16&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER -